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Zhou Y, Zhang L, Wang P, Li Q, Li J, Wang H, Gui Y, Liu Y, Sui X, Li J, Shi H, Zhang Y. Prenatal organophosphate esters exposure and neurodevelopment trajectory in infancy: Evidence from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172366. [PMID: 38614325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns remain about the neurotoxic properties of the ubiquitous organophosphate esters (OPEs), the replacement of the toxicant polybrominated diphenyl ethers. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of prenatal exposure to OPEs and their mixtures with early-life neurodevelopment trajectories. METHODS Totally 1276 mother-child pairs were recruited from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort. A high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to measure the levels of 7 OPEs in cord serum. Ages and Stages Questionnaires was used to examine children's neuropsychological development at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months of age. Group-based trajectory models were applied to derive the neurodevelopmental trajectories. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression model were performed to assess the relationships between OPEs exposure and neurodevelopment and trajectories. Mixtures for widely detected OPEs (n = 4) were investigated using quantile-based g-computation. RESULTS Tributyl phosphate (TBP), tris (2-butoxy ethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), had detection rates >50 %. TDCPP had the highest median concentration (1.02 μg/L) in cord serum. EHDPP concentrations were negatively associated with scores in most domains at 12 months of age, with effect values (β) ranging from -1.89 to -0.57. EHDPP could negatively affect the total ASQ (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI: 1, 1.15) and gross-motor (OR = 1.09, 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.17) trajectory in infancy. Joint exposure to OPEs was associated with decreased scores in the total ASQ, gross-motor, fine-motor and problem-solving domain of 12-month-old infants, with β ranging from -5.93 to -1.25. In addition, the qgcomp models indicated significant positive associations between the concentrations of OPEs mixtures and risks of the persistently low group of the total ASQ, gross-motor and fine-motor development in early childhood. The impact of OPEs was more pronounced in boys. DISCUSSION Our findings suggested OPEs, especially EHDPP, had a persistently negative effect on neurodevelopment during the first 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Putuo District Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuyan Gui
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyao Sui
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Qadeer A, Mubeen S, Liu M, Bekele TG, Ohoro CR, Adeniji AO, Alraih AM, Ajmal Z, Alshammari AS, Al-Hadeethi Y, Archundia D, Yuan S, Jiang X, Wang S, Li X, Sauvé S. Global environmental and toxicological impacts of polybrominated diphenyl ethers versus organophosphate esters: A comparative analysis and regrettable substitution dilemma. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133543. [PMID: 38262318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the global environment is increasing, which aligns with the decline in the usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). PBDEs, a category of flame retardants, were banned and classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through the Stockholm Convention due to their toxic and persistent properties. Despite a lack of comprehensive understanding of their ecological and health consequences, OPEs were adopted as replacements for PBDEs. This research aims to offer a comparative assessment of PBDEs and OPEs in various domains, specifically focusing on their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT) properties. This study explored physicochemical properties (such as molecular weight, octanol-water partition coefficient, octanol-air partition coefficient, Henry's law constant, and vapor pressures), environmental behaviors, global concentrations in environmental matrices (air, water, and soil), toxicities, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer mechanisms of both groups of compounds. Based on the comparison and analysis of environmental and toxicological data, we evaluate whether OPEs represent another instance of regrettable substitution and global contamination as much as PBDEs. Our findings indicate that the physical and chemical characteristics, environmental behaviors, and global concentrations of PBDEs and OPEs, are similar and overlap in many instances. Notably, OPE concentrations have even surged by orders of several magnitude compared to PBDEs in certain pristine regions like the Arctic and Antarctic, implying long-range transport. In many instances, air and water concentrations of OPEs have been increased than PBDEs. While the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of PBDEs (ranging from 4.8 to 7.5) are slightly elevated compared to OPEs (-0.5 to 5.36) in aquatic environments, both groups of compounds exhibit BAF values beyond the threshold of 5000 L/kg (log10 BAF > 3.7). Similarly, the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for PBDEs (ranging from 0.39 to 4.44) slightly surpass those for OPEs (ranging from 1.06 to 3.5) in all cases. Metabolic biotransformation rates (LogKM) and hydrophobicity are potentially major factors deciding their trophic magnification potential. However, many compounds of PBDEs and OPEs show TMF values higher than 1, indicating biomagnification potential. Collectively, all data suggest that PBDEs and OPEs have the potential to bioaccumulate and transfer through the food chain. OPEs and PBDEs present a myriad of toxicity endpoints, with notable overlaps encompassing reproductive issues, oxidative stress, developmental defects, liver dysfunction, DNA damage, neurological toxicity, reproductive anomalies, carcinogenic effects, and behavior changes. Based on our investigation and comparative analysis, we conclude that substituting PBDEs with OPEs is regrettable based on PBT properties, underscoring the urgency for policy reforms and effective management strategies. Addressing this predicament before an exacerbation of global contamination is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Sidra Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China; Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Superior University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Department of Biology, Eastern Nazarene College, 23 East Elm Avenue, Quincy, MA 02170, USA
| | - Chinemerem R Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North, West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Abiodun O Adeniji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho
| | - Alhafez M Alraih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Mohail Aseer, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ahmad S Alshammari
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yas Al-Hadeethi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denisse Archundia
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - Shengwu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Xixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, 1375 Av. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal H2V 0B3, QC, Canada
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Hu C, Yang S, Zhang T, Ge Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Pu Y, Liang G. Organoids and organoids-on-a-chip as the new testing strategies for environmental toxicology-applications & advantages. Environ Int 2024; 184:108415. [PMID: 38309193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
An increasing number of harmful environmental factors are causing serious impacts on human health, and there is an urgent need to accurately identify the toxic effects and mechanisms of these harmful environmental factors. However, traditional toxicity test methods (e.g., animal models and cell lines) often fail to provide accurate results. Fortunately, organoids differentiated from stem cells can more accurately, sensitively and specifically reflect the effects of harmful environmental factors on the human body. They are also suitable for specific studies and are frequently used in environmental toxicology nowadays. As a combination of organoids and organ-on-a-chip technology, organoids-on-a-chip has great potential in environmental toxicology. It is more controllable to the physicochemical microenvironment and is not easy to be contaminated. It has higher homogeneity in the size and shape of organoids. In addition, it can achieve vascularization and exchange the nutrients and metabolic wastes in time. Multi-organoids-chip can also simulate the interactions of different organs. These advantages can facilitate better function and maturity of organoids, which can also make up for the shortcomings of common organoids to a certain extent. This review firstly discussed the limitations of traditional toxicology testing platforms, leading to the introduction of new platforms: organoids and organoids-on-a-chip. Next, the applications of different organoids and organoids-on-a-chip in environmental toxicology were summarized and prospected. Since the advantages of the new platforms have not been sufficiently considered in previous literature, we particularly emphasized them. Finally, this review also summarized the opportunities and challenges faced by organoids and organoids-on-a-chip, with the expectation that readers will gain a deeper understanding of their value in the field of environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Yiling Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Su Y, Luan M, Huang W, Chen H, Chen Y, Miao M. Determinants of organophosphate esters exposure in pregnant women from East China. Environ Pollut 2024; 340:122767. [PMID: 37863257 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been broadly used in various industrial and consumer products, resulting in global distribution and human exposure. Gestational exposure to OPEs may adversely affect the health of both pregnant women and their offspring. To better understand OPE exposure in pregnant women, our study determined eight urinary metabolites of major OPEs in pregnant women (n = 733) recruited at 12-16 weeks of gestation from Shanghai, China, and explored the determinants of OPE exposure among various sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, and dietary factors. Urinary metabolites of OPEs, including bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), bis (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP), dicresyl phosphate (DCP), diphenyl phosphate (DPP), dibutyl phosphate (DBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP), and bis (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), exhibited a detection rate ranging from 69.30% to 99.32%. Multivariate linear regression models indicated that pregnant women who were multiparous, had a higher family income per capita, worked in white-collar jobs, and took nutritional supplements such as milk powder and fish oil tended to have higher urinary OPE metabolite concentrations. Besides, independent of sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors, consumption of more aquatic products, soy products, pork, and puffed food, as well as drinking of purified tap water versus tap water, were associated with increased urinary OPEs metabolite concentrations. Our study demonstrated that OPE exposure was ubiquitous in pregnant women from Shanghai, and provided new insights into the potential factors influencing OPE exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Su
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Min Luan
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Hexia Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Maohua Miao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Lu X, Hong J, Zhang J, Liu Q, Liao G, Shi Y, Tang H, Liu X. Triphenyl phosphate disrupts placental tryptophan metabolism by activating MAOA/ROS/NFκB. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166688. [PMID: 37659542 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is an organophosphate flame retardant widely distributed in the environment. The neurodevelopmental toxicity of TPhP has been observed in animals and humans. Previously, we found that prenatal TPhP exposure disturbed placental tryptophan metabolism, impaired neurodevelopment in male offspring, and induced abnormal neurobehavior; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, using the trophoblast cell line JEG-3, we found that TPhP altered gene and protein expression in the tryptophan metabolism pathway, inhibited the tryptophan-serotonin pathway, and activated the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. Meanwhile, TPhP induced oxidative stress by activating monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), promoting inflammatory factors including nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α. The NFκB inhibitor sulfasalazine could alleviate the effects of TPhP on tryptophan metabolism disturbance. The MAOA inhibitor clorgyline or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine can mitigate oxidative stress and eliminate TPhP-induced inflammatory factors and tryptophan metabolism disturbances. The data above suggest that TPhP disturbed tryptophan metabolism by activating NFκB through MAOA-mediated oxidative stress. Finally, using the mouse intrauterine exposure model, the results confirmed that TPhP induced oxidative stress, activated inflammatory factors, disturbed tryptophan metabolism, and increased the levels of the tryptophan metabolites serotonin, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in the placenta during the second trimester of pregnancy. Overall, TPhP can disturb placental tryptophan metabolism by activating the inflammatory factor NFκB, which was induced by MAOA-induced oxidative stress. The results of this study confirm that indirect exposure to xenobiotic compounds at an early life stage can impair offspring development and provide a novel perspective on the neurodevelopmental toxicity of TPhP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxun Lu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Jiabin Hong
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Qian Liu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Ganzhong Liao
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Yanwei Shi
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China.
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China.
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Rabotnick MH, Ehlinger J, Haidari A, Goodrich JM. Prenatal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals: The role of multi-omics in understanding toxicity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112046. [PMID: 37598796 PMCID: PMC10592024 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a diverse group of toxicants detected in populations globally. Prenatal EDC exposures impact birth and childhood outcomes. EDCs work through persistent changes at the molecular, cellular, and organ level. Molecular and biochemical signals or 'omics' can be measured at various functional levels - including the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and the microbiome. In this narrative review, we introduce each omics and give examples of associations with prenatal EDC exposures. There is substantial research on epigenomic modifications in offspring exposed to EDCs during gestation, and a growing number of studies evaluating the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, or microbiome in response to these exposures. Multi-omics, integrating data across omics layers, may improve understanding of disrupted function pathways related to early life exposures. We highlight several data integration methods to consider in multi-omics studies. Information from multi-omics can improve understanding of the biological processes and mechanisms underlying prenatal EDC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Rabotnick
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jessa Ehlinger
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ariana Haidari
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Newell AJ, Patisaul HB. Developmental organophosphate flame retardant exposure disrupts adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Wistar rats. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:104-114. [PMID: 37783313 PMCID: PMC10842265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) contamination is ubiquitous and bio-monitoring studies have shown that human exposure is widespread and may be unavoidable. OPFRs bear structural similarities to known neurotoxicants such as organophosphate insecticides and have been shown to have both endocrine disrupting and developmental neurotoxic effects. The perinatal period in rodents represents a critical period in the organization of the developing nervous system and insults during this time can impart profound changes on the trajectory of neural development and function, lasting into adulthood. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) facilitates dentate gyrus function and broader hippocampal circuit activity in adults; however, the neurogenic potential of this process in adulthood is vulnerable to disruption by exogenous factors during early life. We sought to assess the impact of OPFRs on AHN in offspring of dams exposed during gestation and lactation. Results indicate that developmental OPFR exposure has significant, sex specific impacts on multiple markers of AHN in the dentate gyrus of rats. In males, OPFR exposure significantly reduced the number of neural progenitors the number of new/immature neurons and reduced dentate gyrus volume. In females, exposure increased the number of neural progenitors, decreased the number of new/immature neurons, but had no significant effect on dentate gyrus volume. These results further elucidate the developmental neurotoxic properties of OPFRs, emphasize the long-term impact of early life OPFR exposure on neural processes, and highlight the importance of including sex as a biological variable in neurotoxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Newell
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Rosolen V, Giordani E, Mariuz M, Parpinel M, Mustieles V, Gilles L, Govarts E, Rodriguez Martin L, Baken K, Schoeters G, Sepai O, Sovcikova E, Fabelova L, Kohoutek J, Jensen TK, Covaci A, Roggeman M, Melymuk L, Klánová J, Castano A, Esteban López M, Barbone F. Cognitive Performance and Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Children: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Two European Mother-Child Cohorts. Toxics 2023; 11:878. [PMID: 37999530 PMCID: PMC10675051 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the effects of organophosphate flame retardants on children's neurodevelopment is limited. The purpose of the present research is to evaluate the association between exposure to organophosphate flame retardants and children's neurodevelopment in two European cohorts involved in the Human Biomonitoring Initiative Aligned Studies. The participants were school-aged children belonging to the Odense Child Cohort (Denmark) and the PCB cohort (Slovakia). In each cohort, the children's neurodevelopment was assessed through the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient score of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, using two different editions. The children's urine samples, collected at one point in time, were analyzed for several metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants. The association between neurodevelopment and each organophosphate flame retardant metabolite was explored by applying separate multiple linear regressions based on the approach of MM-estimation in each cohort. In the Danish cohort, the mean ± standard deviation for the neurodevelopment score was 98 ± 12; the geometric mean (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) standardized by creatinine (crt) was 0.52 µg/g crt (95% CI = 0.49; 0.60), while that of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) standardized by crt was 1.44 µg/g crt (95% CI = 1.31; 1.58). The neurodevelopment score showed a small, negative, statistically imprecise trend with BDCIPP standardized by crt (β = -1.30; 95%CI = -2.72; 0.11; p-value = 0.07) and no clear association with DPHP standardized by crt (β = -0.98; 95%CI = -2.96; 0.99; p-value = 0.33). The neurodevelopment score showed a negative trend with BDCIPP (β = -1.42; 95% CI = -2.70; -0.06; p-value = 0.04) and no clear association with DPHP (β = -1.09; 95% CI = -2.87; 0.68; p-value = 0.23). In the Slovakian cohort, the mean ± standard deviation for the neurodevelopment score was 81 ± 15; the geometric mean of BDCIPP standardized by crt was 0.18 µg/g crt (95% CI = 0.16; 0.20), while that of DPHP standardized by crt was 2.24 µg/g crt (95% CI = 2.00; 3.52). The association of the neurodevelopment score with BDCIPP standardized by crt was -0.49 (95%CI = -1.85; 0.87; p-value = 0.48), and with DPHP standardized by crt it was -0.35 (95%CI = -1.90; 1.20; p-value = 0.66). No clear associations were observed between the neurodevelopment score and BDCIPP/DPHP concentrations that were not standardized by crt. No clear associations were observed with bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) in either cohort, due to the low detection frequency of this compound. In conclusion, this study provides only limited evidence of an inverse association between neurodevelopment and exposure to BDCIPP and DPHP. The timing of exposure and effect modification of other organophosphate flame retardant metabolites and other substances should be the subject of further investigations that address this scientific hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rosolen
- Central Directorate for Health, Social Policies and Disability, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Via Cassa Di Risparmio 10, 34121 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Giordani
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marika Mariuz
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liese Gilles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Kirsten Baken
- BrabantAdvies, Brabantlaan 3, 5216 TV ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp—Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ovnair Sepai
- Toxicology Department, Science Group, UK Health Security Agency, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Eva Sovcikova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Fabelova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jiři Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten Roggeman
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Argelia Castano
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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9
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Bommarito PA, Friedman A, Welch BM, Cantonwine DE, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Meeker JD, McElrath TF, Ferguson KK. Temporal trends and predictors of gestational exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers. Environ Int 2023; 180:108194. [PMID: 37708814 PMCID: PMC10591987 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate esters (OPEs), used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are chemicals of concern for maternal and infant health. Prior studies examining temporal trends and predictors of OPE exposure are primarily limited by small sample sizes. OBJECTIVES Characterize temporal trends and predictors of OPE exposure biomarkers. METHODS We determined urinary concentrations of eight biomarkers of OPE exposure at three timepoints during pregnancy for participants in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study (n = 900), a nested case-cohort recruited between 2007 and 2018. We examined biomarker concentrations, their variability during pregnancy, and temporal trends over the study period. In addition, we identified sociodemographic and pregnancy characteristics associated with biomarker concentrations. Analyses were conducted using both the within-subject pregnancy geometric means and biomarker concentrations measured at individual study visits. RESULTS Five OPE biomarkers were detected in at least 60% of the study participants. Biomarkers were not strongly correlated with one another and intraclass correlation coefficients, measuring within-subject variability during pregnancy, ranged from 0.27 to 0.51. Biomarkers exhibited varying temporal trends across study years. For example, bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) increased monotonically, whereas bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), displayed non-monotonic trends with concentrations that peaked between 2011 and 2014. We observed associations between sociodemographic characteristics and OPE biomarkers. In general, concentrations of most OPE biomarkers were higher among participants from racial and ethnic minority populations, participants who were younger, had higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and less than a college degree. We observed consistent results using either averaged or visit-specific biomarker concentrations. SIGNIFICANCE We observed widespread exposure to several OPEs and OPE biomarkers displayed varying temporal trends in pregnant people from 2007 to 2018. Concentrations of most OPE biomarkers varied according to sociodemographic factors, suggesting higher burdens of exposure among participants with higher pre-pregnancy BMI, those belonging to racial and ethnic minority populations, and lower educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Bommarito
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - A Friedman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - B M Welch
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - D E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - A M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - J D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - K K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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10
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Marinello WP, Gillera SEA, Han Y, Richardson JR, St Armour G, Horman BM, Patisaul HB. Gestational exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) disrupts the placenta-brain axis in a socially monogamous rodent species, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 576:112041. [PMID: 37562579 PMCID: PMC10795011 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Gestational flame retardant (FR) exposure has been linked to heightened risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Historically, toxicologists have relied on traditional, inbred rodent models, yet those do not always best model human vulnerability or biological systems, especially social systems. Here we used prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), a monogamous and bi-parental rodent, leveraged for decades to decipher the underpinnings of social behaviors, to examine the impact of fetal FR exposure on gene targets in the mid-gestational placenta and fetal brain. We previously established gestational exposure to the commercial mixture Firemaster 550 (FM 550) impairs sociality, particularly in males. FM 550 exposure disrupted placental monoamine production, particularly serotonin, and genes required for axon guidance and cellular respiration in the fetal brains. Effects were dose and sex specific. These data provide insights on the mechanisms by which FRs impair neurodevelopment and later in life social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - Yoonhee Han
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Genevieve St Armour
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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11
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Howe CG, Niu Z, Kannan K, Robinson M, Foley HB, Yang T, Vigil MJ, Chen X, Grubbs B, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Al-Marayati L, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Aung MT, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolite mixtures and children's neurobehavioral outcomes in the MADRES pregnancy cohort. Environ Health 2023; 22:66. [PMID: 37737180 PMCID: PMC10515433 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests organophosphate esters (OPEs) are neurotoxic; however, the epidemiological literature remains scarce. We investigated whether prenatal exposures to OPEs were associated with child neurobehavior in the MADRES cohort. METHODS We measured nine OPE metabolites in 204 maternal urine samples (gestational age at collection: 31.4 ± 1.8 weeks). Neurobehavior problems were assessed among 36-month-old children using the Child Behavior Checklist's (CBCL) three composite scales [internalizing, externalizing, and total problems]. We examined associations between tertiles of prenatal OPE metabolites (> 50% detection) and detect/non-detect categories (< 50% detection) and CBCL composite scales using linear regression and generalized additive models. We also examined mixtures for widely detected OPEs (n = 5) using Bayesian kernel machine regression. RESULTS Maternal participants with detectable versus non-detectable levels of bis(2-methylphenyl) phosphate (BMPP) had children with 42% (95% CI: 4%, 96%) higher externalizing, 45% (-2%, 114%) higher internalizing, and 35% (3%, 78%) higher total problems. Participants in the second versus first tertile of bis(butoxethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) had children with 43% (-1%, 109%) higher externalizing scores. Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) and child sex had a statistically significant interaction in internalizing (p = 0.02) and total problems (p = 0.03) models, with 120% (23%, 295%) and 57% (6%, 134%) higher scores in the third versus first BCIPP tertile among males. Among females, detectable vs non-detectable levels of prenatal BMPP were associated with 69% higher externalizing scores (5%, 170%) while the third versus first tertile of prenatal BBOEP was associated with 45% lower total problems (-68%, -6%). Although the metabolite mixture and each CBCL outcome had null associations, we observed marginal associations between di-n-butyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and higher internalizing scores (0.15; 95% CrI: -0.02, 0.32), holding other metabolites at their median. CONCLUSIONS Our results generally suggest adverse and sex-specific effects of prenatal exposure to previously understudied OPEs on neurobehavioral outcomes in 36-month children, providing evidence of potential OPE neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mario J Vigil
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Newell AJ, Jima D, Reading B, Patisaul HB. Machine learning reveals common transcriptomic signatures across rat brain and placenta following developmental organophosphate ester exposure. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:103-122. [PMID: 37399109 PMCID: PMC10695431 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicogenomics is a critical area of inquiry for hazard identification and to identify both mechanisms of action and potential markers of exposure to toxic compounds. However, data generated by these experiments are highly dimensional and present challenges to standard statistical approaches, requiring strict correction for multiple comparisons. This stringency often fails to detect meaningful changes to low expression genes and/or eliminate genes with small but consistent changes particularly in tissues where slight changes in expression can have important functional differences, such as brain. Machine learning offers an alternative analytical approach for "omics" data that effectively sidesteps the challenges of analyzing highly dimensional data. Using 3 rat RNA transcriptome sets, we utilized an ensemble machine learning approach to predict developmental exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in brain (newborn cortex and day 10 hippocampus) and late gestation placenta of male and female rats, and identified genes that informed predictor performance. OPE exposure had sex specific effects on hippocampal transcriptome, and significantly impacted genes associated with mitochondrial transcriptional regulation and cation transport in females, including voltage-gated potassium and calcium channels and subunits. To establish if this holds for other tissues, RNAseq data from cortex and placenta, both previously published and analyzed via a more traditional pipeline, were reanalyzed with the ensemble machine learning methodology. Significant enrichment for pathways of oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain was found, suggesting a transcriptomic signature of OPE exposure impacting mitochondrial metabolism across tissue types and developmental epoch. Here we show how machine learning can complement more traditional analytical approaches to identify vulnerable "signature" pathways disrupted by chemical exposures and biomarkers of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Newell
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Dereje Jima
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Benjamin Reading
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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13
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Lu Q, Lin N, Cheng X, Lei X, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Tian Y. Maternal exposure to organophosphate flame retardants and neonatal anthropometric measures. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 253:114216. [PMID: 37516025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. Laboratory evidence has suggested that maternal OPFR exposure may adversely affect fetal growth, but the epidemiological data are limited. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of maternal OPFR exposure with neonatal anthropometric measures. METHODS This study included 354 mother-newborn pairs from the Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort (LWBC), China. Ten OPFR metabolites were measured in maternal urine samples collected before delivery. Neonatal anthropometric data was collected from medical records and standardized into z-scores using the WHO standards (2007), including the weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), body mass index-for-age (BMIZ), weight-for-length (WLZ), and head circumference-for-age z-score (HCZ). Multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to estimate the associations of individual OPFR metabolites and their mixtures with neonatal anthropometrics, respectively. Stratified analysis by sex was performed. RESULTS The detection rates of BCEP, DPHP, BCIPP, BDCIPP, BBOEP, DnBP and DiBP were above 60%, with median concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 3.60 μg/g creatinine. Most OPFR metabolites (i.e., BCIPP, BDCIPP, DiBP, DnBP, or BBOEP) were associated with decreased offspring WAZ and HCZ. When using WQS analysis, the OPFR metabolite mixture was inversely associated with the WAZ, BMIZ and HCZ, whereas DnBP had the highest weights. After stratified by gender, the negative associations were more pronounced among males. CONCLUSIONS Maternal OPFR exposure was negatively associated with offspring WAZ, BMIZ, and HCZ, and males seemed to be more vulnerable to the developmental toxicity of certain OPFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Lei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Hernandez-Castro I, Eckel SP, Howe CG, Niu Z, Kannan K, Robinson M, Foley HB, Grubbs B, Al-Marayati L, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Aung MT, Habre R, Dunton GF, Farzan SF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Sex-specific effects of prenatal organophosphate ester (OPE) metabolite mixtures and adverse infant birth outcomes in the maternal and developmental risks from environmental and social stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort. Environ Res 2023; 226:115703. [PMID: 36934865 PMCID: PMC10101931 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used as flame retardants and plasticizers in various consumer products. Limited prior research suggests sex-specific effects of prenatal OPE exposures on fetal development. We evaluated overall and sex-specific associations between prenatal OPE exposures and gestational age (GA) at birth and birthweight for gestational age (BW for GA) z-scores among the predominately low-income, Hispanic MADRES cohort. METHODS Nine OPE metabolite concentrations were measured in 421 maternal urine samples collected during a third trimester visit (GA = 31.5 ± 2.0 weeks). We examined associations between single urinary OPE metabolites and GA at birth and BW for GA z-scores using linear regression models and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and effects from OPE mixtures using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). We also assessed sex-specific differences in single metabolite analyses by evaluating statistical interactions and stratifying by sex. RESULTS We did not find significant associations between individual OPE metabolites and birth outcomes in the full infant sample; however, we found that higher bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) was associated with earlier GA at birth among male infants (p = 0.04), and a nonlinear, inverted U-shape association between the sum of dibutyl phosphate and di-isobutyl phosphate (DNBP + DIBP) and GA at birth among female infants (p = 0.03). In mixtures analysis, higher OPE metabolite mixture exposures was associated with lower GA at birth, which was primarily driven by female infants. No associations were observed between OPE mixtures and BW for GA z-scores. CONCLUSION Higher BDCIPP and DNBP + DIBP concentrations were associated with earlier GA at birth among male and female infants, respectively. Higher exposure to OPE mixtures was associated with earlier GA at birth, particularly among female infants. However, we saw no associations between prenatal OPEs and BW for GA. Our results suggest sex-specific impacts of prenatal OPE exposures on GA at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ixel Hernandez-Castro
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Helen B Foley
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila Al-Marayati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Newell AJ, Kapps VA, Cai Y, Rai MR, St. Armour G, Horman BM, Rock KD, Witchey SK, Greenbaum A, Patisaul HB. Maternal organophosphate flame retardant exposure alters the developing mesencephalic dopamine system in fetal rat. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:357-373. [PMID: 36562574 PMCID: PMC9936211 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have become the predominant substitution for legacy brominated flame retardants but there is concern about their potential developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). OPFRs readily dissociate from the fireproofed substrate to the environment, and they (or their metabolites) have been detected in diverse matrices including air, water, soil, and biota, including human urine and breastmilk. Given this ubiquitous contamination, it becomes increasingly important to understand the potential effects of OPFRs on the developing nervous system. We have previously shown that maternal exposure to OPFRs results in neuroendocrine disruption, alterations to developmental metabolism of serotonin (5-HT) and axonal extension in male fetal rats, and potentiates adult anxiety-like behaviors. The development of the serotonin and dopamine systems occur in parallel and interact, therefore, we first sought to enhance our prior 5-HT work by first examining the ascending 5-HT system on embryonic day 14 using whole mount clearing of fetal heads and 3-dimensional (3D) brain imaging. We also investigated the effects of maternal OPFR exposure on the development of the mesocortical dopamine system in the same animals through 2-dimensional and 3D analysis following immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Maternal OPFR exposure induced morphological changes to the putative ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra in both sexes and reduced the overall volume of this structure in males, whereas 5-HT nuclei were unchanged. Additionally, dopaminergic axogenesis was disrupted in OPFR exposed animals, as the dorsoventral spread of ventral telencephalic TH afferents were greater at embryonic day 14, while sparing 5-HT fibers. These results indicate maternal exposure to OPFRs alters the development trajectory of the embryonic dopaminergic system and adds to growing evidence of OPFR DNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Newell
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Victoria A Kapps
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Yuheng Cai
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
| | - Mani Ratnam Rai
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
| | - Genevieve St. Armour
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Kylie D Rock
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Shannah K Witchey
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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16
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Meakin C, Kim C, Lampert T, Aleksunes LM. High-throughput screening of toxicants that modulate extravillous trophoblast migration. Toxicol Lett 2023; 375:1-7. [PMID: 36535517 PMCID: PMC9877196 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Migration and subsequent invasion of extravillous trophoblasts into the uterus is essential for proper formation of the placenta. Disruption of these processes may result in poor pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia, placenta accreta, fetal growth restriction, or fetal death. Currently, there are several methods for quantifying cell migration and invasion in vitro, each with limitations. Therefore, we developed a novel, high-throughput method to screen chemicals for their ability to alter human trophoblast migration. Human HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cells were cultured in Oris™ cell migration plates containing stopper barriers. After EVT cells attached and chemicals were added to media, stoppers were removed thereby creating a cell-free detection zone for migration. Entry of trophoblasts into this zone was monitored through imaging every 6 h and used to calculate a relative cell density. Chemicals known to increase (epidermal growth factor) and decrease (pertussis toxin and cadmium) trophoblast migration were used to validate this in vitro method. Next, a panel of environmental chemicals including bisphenols, mycoestrogens, and flame retardants, were screened for their ability to alter trophoblast invasion. In conclusion, a real-time method to track extravillous trophoblast migration offers potential for screening contaminants as placental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Meakin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Christine Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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17
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Hong J, Lu X, Wang J, Jiang M, Liu Q, Lin J, Sun W, Zhang J, Shi Y, Liu X. Triphenyl phosphate disturbs placental tryptophan metabolism and induces neurobehavior abnormal in male offspring. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 243:113978. [PMID: 36007322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that prenatal triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) exposure is related to abnormal neurobehavior in children. However, the neurodevelopmental toxicity of TPhP in mammals is limited. To study the neurodevelopmental toxicity of TPhP in mammals and investigate the underlying mechanism, we used a mouse intrauterine TPhP exposure model. We measured the inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNFα) and NFκB levels, and tryptophan metabolism in placentae, detected the fetal brain transcriptome, hippocampal neuron development and neurobehavioral in the male offspring. The results showed that the protein level of IL-6, TNFα and NFκB in the placenta of the TPhP treatment group (1, 5 mg/kg) were significantly increased. Change of the protein level of these pro-inflammatory factors in maternal serum or fetal brain was not observed. Expression of genes along tryptophan-serotonin metabolism pathway were significantly decreased. While, the concentration of 5-HT levels in the placenta or fetal brain were significantly increased. Consistent with the increased 5-HT, the Nissl body was reduced in the hippocampus of treatment group. The expression of serotonergic neuron gene markers including Tph2, Htr1A, Htr2A, Pet1 and Lmx1b in the hippocampus of treatment group was significantly decreased. The neurobehavioral test showed that TPhP decreased center time that represent anxiety-like behavior, and reduced learning and memory in male offspring. Meanwhile, expression of genes along tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism pathway were significantly increased. The result of the transcriptome analysis of fetal brain showed that the differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in the transcription regulation of DNA as a template in the nucleus, and the enriched pathways are mainly signal pathways regulated by axon guidance and neurotrophic factors, dopaminergic and cholinergic synapses, suggest that not only serotonergic neuronal was affected. Overall, this study demonstrates that TPhP has the potential to induce placental inflammatory response in the placenta, disturb placental tryptophan metabolism, compromise the neuronal development and synaptic transmission, and cause abnormal neurobehavior in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Hong
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Xiaoxun Lu
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Juntong Lin
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China
| | - Yanwei Shi
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- School of Public Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 523-808, China.
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18
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Zhao JY, Zhan ZX, Lu MJ, Tao FB, Wu D, Gao H. A systematic scoping review of epidemiological studies on the association between organophosphate flame retardants and neurotoxicity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 243:113973. [PMID: 35988382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are increasingly and widely used as substitutes for brominated flame retardants in daily life. The chemical structure of OPFRs is very similar to that of organophosphorus pesticides, leading to concerns about their neurotoxicity. A few epidemiological studies have been published with inconsistent results on this topic, and a systematic scoping review is needed to provide an overview or map of the current evidence on the relationship of OPFRs with neurodevelopmental toxicity. Therefore, MEDLINE (accessed through PubMed), Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) were systematically searched for articles published in the last two decades. Nine eligible articles were included in the present systematic scoping review for adherence to the predefined PECOS (population, exposure, comparison, outcome, study design) statement. Six studies were conducted in the USA, and the remaining three studies were conducted in Austria, Norway and China. A total of 2 581 children (1 203 females and 1 378 males) were included. Half of the included studies focused on the adverse effects of OPFR exposure on cognition in children, while others primarily focused on the behaviors of children. In summary, the current evidence suggests inverse associations between early-life exposure to OPFRs and the childhood intelligence quotient and internalizing behavior and positive relationships of OPFR exposure with externalizing behavior. However, some differences in the timing of sample collection for exposure measurements, in the individual OPFR metabolites available, in the neurodevelopmental scales for outcome measurement, and in the statistical methods used to analyze the data are noted. In addition, further studies are warranted to evaluate some important issues, such as sex differences in the association, exposure-sensitive periods, and cumulative exposure risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Juan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - De Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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19
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Witchey SK, Doyle MG, Fredenburg JD, St Armour G, Horman B, Odenkirk MT, Aylor DL, Baker ES, Patisaul HB. Impacts of Gestational FireMaster 550 Exposure on the Neonatal Cortex Are Sex Specific and Largely Attributable to the Organophosphate Esters. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 113:1262-1282. [PMID: 36075192 PMCID: PMC9992460 DOI: 10.1159/000526959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flame retardants (FRs) are common bodily and environmental pollutants, creating concern about their potential toxicity. We and others have found that the commercial mixture FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) or its individual brominated (BFR) and organophosphate ester (OPFR) components are potential developmental neurotoxicants. Using Wistar rats, we previously reported that developmental exposure to FM 550 or its component classes produced sex- and compound-specific effects on adult socioemotional behaviors. The underlying mechanisms driving the behavioral phenotypes are unknown. METHODS To further mechanistic understanding, here we conducted transcriptomics in parallel with a novel lipidomics approach using cortical tissues from newborn siblings of the rats in the published behavioral study. Inclusion of lipid composition is significant because it is rarely examined in developmental neurotoxicity studies. Pups were gestationally exposed via oral dosing to the dam to FM 550 or the BFR or OPFR components at environmentally relevant doses. RESULTS The neonatal cortex was highly sexually dimorphic in lipid and transcriptome composition, and males were more significantly impacted by FR exposure. Multiple adverse modes of action for the BFRs and OPFRs on neurodevelopment were identified, with the OPFRs being more disruptive than the BFRs via multiple mechanisms including dysregulation of mitochondrial function and disruption of cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. Disrupted mitochondrial function by environmental factors has been linked to a higher risk of autism spectrum disorders and neurodegenerative disorders. Impacted lipid classes included ceramides, sphingomyelins, and triacylglycerides. Robust ceramide upregulation in the OPFR females could suggest a heightened risk of brain metabolic disease. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals multiple mechanisms by which the components of a common FR mixture are developmentally neurotoxic and that the OPFRs may be the compounds of greatest concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannah K Witchey
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob D Fredenburg
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Genevieve St Armour
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melanie T Odenkirk
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David L Aylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Li D, Gao R, Qin L, Yue H, Sang N. New Insights into Prenatal NO 2 Exposure and Behavioral Abnormalities in Male Offspring: Disturbed Serotonin Metabolism and Delayed Oligodendrocyte Development. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:11536-11546. [PMID: 35895862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that prenatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) might cause behavioral abnormalities in childhood. However, toxicological mechanisms for such effects remain unclear, and it is still difficult to define adverse outcome pathways linking exposures to behavioral phenotypes. In this study, by exposing pregnant mice to NO2 (2.5 ppm, 5 h/day) throughout gestation, we provided the first experimental evidence that prenatal NO2 exposure did cause anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in weaning male offspring but not females. Specifically, the behavioral abnormalities were associated with abnormal myelination and the alterations attributed to the delayed oligodendrocyte (OL) development in the fetus and the early stage after birth. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (Pdgfr-α) and Olig2 significantly decreased in the NO2 group at E13.5 and E15.5, and the expression of Olig2, adenomatous polyposis coli colon (Cc1), and myelin basic protein (Mbp) was reduced in offspring at PNDs 1, 7, and 21. We performed the targeted metabolomic analysis of neurotransmitters in the placenta and found that prenatal exposure to NO2 disturbed the metabolism of placental neurotransmitters. Serotonin (5-HT) was transferred from the placenta to the fetus at E10.5, and its accumulation in the fetal forebrain might affect oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and OL maturation and eventually be involved in behavioral abnormalities. Our findings provide new insights into the association between prenatal NO2 exposure with anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Liyao Qin
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
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21
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Marinello WP, Gillera SEA, Fanning MJ, Malinsky LB, Rhodes CL, Horman BM, Patisaul HB. Effects of developmental exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) on microglia density, reactivity and morphology in a prosocial animal model. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:140-154. [PMID: 35526706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are known to shape brain sex differences critical for social and reproductive behaviors. Chemical exposures can disrupt brain sexual differentiation but there is limited data regarding how they may impact microglia distribution and function. We focused on the prevalent flame retardant mixture Firemaster 550 (FM 550) which is used in foam-based furniture and infant products including strollers and nursing pillows because it disrupts sexually dimorphic behaviors. We hypothesized early life FM 550 exposure would disrupt microglial distribution and reactivity in brain regions known to be highly sexually dimorphic or associated with social disorders in humans. We used prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) because they display spontaneous prosocial behaviors not seen in rats or mice and are thus a powerful model for studying chemical exposure-related impacts on social behaviors and their underlying neural systems. We have previously demonstrated that perinatal FM 550 exposure sex-specifically impacts socioemotional behaviors in prairie voles. We first established that, unlike in rats, the postnatal colonization of the prairie vole brain is not sexually dimorphic. Vole dams were then exposed to FM 550 (0, 500, 1000, 2000 µg/day) via subcutaneous injections through gestation, and pups were directly exposed beginning the day after birth until weaning. Adult offspring's brains were assessed for number and type (ramified, intermediate, ameboid) of microglia in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), cerebellum (lobules VI-VII) and amygdala. Effects were sex- and dose-specific in the regions of interests. Overall, FM 550 exposure resulted in reduced numbers of microglia in most regions examined, with the 1000 µg FM 550 exposed males particularly affected. To further quantify differences in microglia morphology in the 1000 µg FM 550 group, Sholl and skeleton analysis were carried out on individual microglia. Microglia from control females had a more ramified phenotype compared to control males while 1000 µg FM 550-exposed males had decreased branching and ramification compared to same-sex controls. Future studies will examine the impact on the exposure to FM 550 on microglia during development given the critical role of these cells in shaping neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Marley J Fanning
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lacey B Malinsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Cassie L Rhodes
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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22
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Yu M, Li X, Liu B, Li Y, Liu L, Wang L, Song L, Wang Y, Hu L, Mei S. Organophosphate esters in children and adolescents in Liuzhou city, China: concentrations, exposure assessment, and predictors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:39310-39322. [PMID: 35098472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dermal contact with dust is commonly considered an important pathway of exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs), but the importance of OPE uptake from diet is unclear. Herein, we used hand wipes to estimate OPE exposure from indoor dust and examined whether urinary OPE metabolite concentrations were influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, OPE amount in hand wipes, and dietary factors. OPEs were measured in urine and hand wipes from 6 to 18-year-old children and adolescents (n=929) in Liuzhou, China. Sociodemographic and dietary factors were obtained from questionnaire. Six OPE metabolites were detected in >70% of the urine samples, and seven OPEs were detected in >50% of the hand wipes. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were calculated using urinary OPE metabolites to investigate the total daily intake of OPEs, in which 0.36-10.1% of the total intake was attributed to the exposure from dermal absorption. In multivariate linear regression models, sex, age, and maternal education were significant predictors of urinary OPE metabolite concentrations. Urinary diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) is positively associated with its parent compounds 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) in hand wipes. High versus low vegetable intake was associated with a 23.7% higher DPHP (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51%, 52.1%). Barreled water drinking was associated with a 30.4% (95% CI: 11.8%, 52.0%) increase in bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) 1-hydroxy-2-propyl phosphate (BCIPHIPP) compared to tap water drinking. Our results suggested the widespread exposure to OPEs in children and adolescents. In addition to dermal absorption, dietary intake may be an important exposure source of certain OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Bingqing Liu
- Department of Women's Healthcare, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Limei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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23
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Gillera SEA, Marinello WP, Nelson MA, Horman BM, Patisaul HB. Individual and Combined Effects of Paternal Deprivation and Developmental Exposure to Firemaster 550 on Socio-Emotional Behavior in Prairie Voles. Toxics 2022; 10:268. [PMID: 35622681 PMCID: PMC9147230 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is rapidly rising, suggesting a confluence of environmental factors that are likely contributing, including developmental exposure to environmental contaminants. Unfortunately, chemical exposures and social stressors frequently occur simultaneously in many communities, yet very few studies have sought to establish the combined effects on neurodevelopment or behavior. Social deficits are common to many NDDs, and we and others have shown that exposure to the chemical flame retardant mixture, Firemaster 550 (FM 550), or paternal deprivation impairs social behavior and neural function. Here, we used a spontaneously prosocial animal model, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), to explore the effects of perinatal chemical (FM 550) exposure alone or in combination with an early life stressor (paternal absence) on prosocial behavior. Dams were exposed to vehicle (sesame oil) or 1000 µg FM 550 orally via food treats from conception through weaning and the paternal absence groups were generated by removing the sires the day after birth. Adult offspring of both sexes were then subjected to open-field, sociability, and a partner preference test. Paternal deprivation (PD)-related effects included increased anxiety, decreased sociability, and impaired pair-bonding in both sexes. FM 550 effects include heightened anxiety and partner preference in females but reduced partner preference in males. The combination of FM 550 exposure and PD did not exacerbate any behaviors in either sex except for distance traveled by females in the partner preference test and, to a lesser extent, time spent with, and the number of visits to the non-social stimulus by males in the sociability test. FM 550 ameliorated the impacts of parental deprivation on partner preference behaviors in both sexes. This study is significant because it provides evidence that chemical and social stressors can have unique behavioral effects that differ by sex but may not produce worse outcomes in combination.
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Pascual F. Trophoblast Organoids: A New Tool for Studying Placental Development. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:54003. [PMID: 35638568 PMCID: PMC9153080 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Han Y, Zhang M, Duan J, Li L, Du J, Cheng H, Zhang S, Zhai Y, An X, Li Q, Zhang X, Li Z, Tang B. Maternal Prepregnancy 5-Hydroxytryptamine Exposure Affects the Early Development of the Fetus. Front Physiol 2022; 13:761357. [PMID: 35370795 PMCID: PMC8969228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.761357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the increasing incidence of depression has contributed to an increase in the use of serotonergic drugs, such as antidepressants, which predisposes humans to serotonin syndrome. Serotonin syndrome is caused by elevated serotonin levels in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been well documented that the development of offspring can be affected by maternal exposure to environmental challenges, such as stress, diseases, or an unhealthy diet during pregnancy. Serotonin, also called 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is widely expressed in the female reproductive system and plays an important role in the development of follicles and embryos. However, whether the suffering of the mother from serotonin syndrome before pregnancy affects fetal development is still uncertain. In the present study, to explore the effect of maternal prepregnancy 5-HT exposure on the fetus, intraperitoneal injection of 5-HT was used to change maternal prepregnancy 5-HT levels. It was found that maternal prepregnancy 5-HT exposure significantly reduced the body weight and liver weight and the levels of estrogen and progesterone in female mice. Although there was no significant difference in the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate between the 5-HT and control groups, maternal prepregnancy 5-HT exposure increased the percentage of embryo resorption, decreased placental weight, and led to placental inflammation at E13.5. Notably, 5-HT exposure caused weight loss in the offspring at 2 weeks. These results suggested that maternal prepregnancy 5-HT exposure could affect the development of the offspring, which was partly caused by reduced hormonal secretion and placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahui Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Leyi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinge Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Zhai
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinglan An
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Li
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Tang,
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Wu Y, Wang J, Wei Y, Chen J, Kang L, Long C, Wu S, Shen L, Wei G. Maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and preterm birth: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118264. [PMID: 34606968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the second most common cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The etiology of preterm birth has not yet been elucidated. Although maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase the risk for preterm birth, associations have not been confirmed. We performed a meta-analysis to elucidate the relationships between maternal exposure to EDCs and preterm birth. A systematic search of PubMed, Ovid-EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) for relevant published studies providing quantitative data on the association between maternal EDC exposure and preterm birth in humans was conducted in July 2021. To calculate the overall estimates, we pooled the adjusted regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from each study by the inverse variance method. A total of 59 studies were included. The pooled results indicated that maternal exposure to metals (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.29) and phthalates (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.42) was related to an increased risk for preterm birth. Specifically, maternal exposure to lead, cadmium, chromium, copper and manganese appeared to be correlated with an elevated risk for preterm birth. Additionally, maternal exposure to monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was also associated with preterm birth. In conclusion, maternal exposure to metals and phthalates may increase the risk for preterm birth based on current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Kang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China.
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Rosenfeld CS. Transcriptomics and Other Omics Approaches to Investigate Effects of Xenobiotics on the Placenta. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723656. [PMID: 34631709 PMCID: PMC8497882 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The conceptus is most vulnerable to developmental perturbation during its early stages when the events that create functional organ systems are being launched. As the placenta is in direct contact with maternal tissues, it readily encounters any xenobiotics in her bloodstream. Besides serving as a conduit for solutes and waste, the placenta possesses a tightly regulated endocrine system that is, of itself, vulnerable to pharmaceutical agents, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and other environmental toxicants. To determine whether extrinsic factors affect placental function, transcriptomics and other omics approaches have become more widely used. In casting a wide net with such approaches, they have provided mechanistic insights into placental physiological and pathological responses and how placental responses may impact the fetus, especially the developing brain through the placenta-brain axis. This review will discuss how such omics technologies have been utilized to understand effects of EDCs, including the widely prevalent plasticizers bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), and phthalates, other environmental toxicants, pharmaceutical agents, maternal smoking, and air pollution on placental gene expression, DNA methylation, and metabolomic profiles. It is also increasingly becoming clear that miRNA (miR) are important epigenetic regulators of placental function. Thus, the evidence to date that xenobiotics affect placental miR expression patterns will also be explored. Such omics approaches with mouse and human placenta will assuredly provide key biomarkers that may be used as barometers of exposure and can be targeted by early mitigation approaches to prevent later diseases, in particular neurobehavioral disorders, originating due to placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Patisaul HB, Behl M, Birnbaum LS, Blum A, Diamond ML, Rojello Fernández S, Hogberg HT, Kwiatkowski CF, Page JD, Soehl A, Stapleton HM. Beyond Cholinesterase Inhibition: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers. Environ Health Perspect 2021; 129:105001. [PMID: 34612677 PMCID: PMC8493874 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, the toxicity of organophosphate esters has primarily been studied regarding their use as pesticides and their effects on the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Currently, flame retardants and plasticizers are the two largest market segments for organophosphate esters and they are found in a wide variety of products, including electronics, building materials, vehicles, furniture, car seats, plastics, and textiles. As a result, organophosphate esters and their metabolites are routinely found in human urine, blood, placental tissue, and breast milk across the globe. It has been asserted that their neurological effects are minimal given that they do not act on AChE in precisely the same way as organophosphate ester pesticides. OBJECTIVES This commentary describes research on the non-AChE neurodevelopmental toxicity of organophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs). Studies in humans, mammalian, nonmammalian, and in vitro models are presented, and relevant neurodevelopmental pathways, including adverse outcome pathways, are described. By highlighting this scientific evidence, we hope to elevate the level of concern for widespread human exposure to these OPEs and to provide recommendations for how to better protect public health. DISCUSSION Collectively, the findings presented demonstrate that OPEs can alter neurodevelopmental processes by interfering with noncholinergic pathways at environmentally relevant doses. Application of a pathways framework indicates several specific mechanisms of action, including perturbation of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid and disruption of the endocrine system. The effects may have implications for the development of cognitive and social skills in children. Our conclusion is that concern is warranted for the developmental neurotoxicity of OPE exposure. We thus describe important considerations for reducing harm and to provide recommendations for government and industry decision makers. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B. Patisaul
- College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arlene Blum
- Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Helena T. Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol F. Kwiatkowski
- Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie D. Page
- Cancer Prevention & Education Society, Meads House, Leighterton, Tetbury, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Anna Soehl
- Green Science Policy Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Gillera SEA, Marinello WP, Cao KT, Horman BM, Stapleton HM, Patisaul HB. Sex-specific Disruption of the Prairie Vole Hypothalamus by Developmental Exposure to a Flame Retardant Mixture. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6285199. [PMID: 34038511 PMCID: PMC8571712 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) with social deficits is conspicuously rising, particularly in boys. Flame retardants (FRs) have long been associated with increased risk, and prior work by us and others in multiple species has shown that developmental exposure to the common FR mixture Firemaster 550 (FM 550) sex-specifically alters socioemotional behaviors including anxiety and pair bond formation. In rats, FRs have also been shown to impair aspects of osmoregulation. Because vasopressin (AVP) plays a role in both socioemotional behavior and osmotic balance we hypothesized that AVP and its related nonapeptide oxytocin (OT) would be vulnerable to developmental FM 550 exposure. We used the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaste) to test this because it is spontaneously prosocial. Using siblings of prairie voles used in a prior study that assessed behavioral deficits resulting from developmental FM 550 exposure across 3 doses, here we tested the hypothesis that FM 550 sex-specifically alters AVP and OT neuronal populations in critical nuclei, such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), that coordinate those behaviors, as well as related dopaminergic (determined by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunolabeling) populations. Exposed females had fewer AVP neurons in the anterior PVN and more A13 TH neurons in the zona incerta than controls. By contrast, in FM 550 males, A13 TH neuron numbers in the zona incerta were decreased but only in 1 dose group. These results expand on previous work showing evidence of endocrine disruption of OT/AVP pathways, including to subpopulations of PVN AVP neurons that coordinate osmoregulatory functions in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kevin T Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh NC 27695, USA
- Correspondence: Heather B Patisaul, Professor of Biological Sciences, NC State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. E-mail:
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Li L, Lv L, Zhang G, Zhang H. Associations between the exposure to organophosphate flame retardants during early pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion based on metabolomics combined with tandem mass spectrometry. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:1305. [PMID: 34532442 PMCID: PMC8422145 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As potential substitutes for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been frequently detected in the environment. They have been suggested to impair fetal growth and development in toxicological studies. However, there are few studies on their maternal effects before or during early pregnancy. METHODS This study was designed to investigate whether exposure to OPFRs before or during early pregnancy is associated with the risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB), using a nested case-control design based on the case data from clinical examinations in Shanghai, China. A total of 110 cases from this cohort project in 2019-2020 were included. The concentrations of OPFRs in maternal urine samples collected in early pregnancy were determined using Ultra high performance liquid chromatography- triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS), and pregnancy outcomes were extracted from the medical records. Meanwhile, ultra high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based metabonomics was used to obtain urine metabolic profiles of 110 women in early pregnancy. RESULTS According to the quantitative results, the content of bis(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (BCIPP) in urine was significantly different between the SAB patients and the healthy pregnant women. Besides, metabolic profile analysis showed a significant difference in the urine metabolism profile in early pregnancy between SAB cases and controls. Twenty-five different metabolites were screened out, which showed different degrees of correlation with the urinary BCIPP concentration. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, it suggests that there may be a certain correlation between BCIPP concentration in the urine and the risk of SAB from a metabolomics perspective, and its effect may be related to the metabolism of tryptophan and fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Krentzel AA, Kimble LC, Dorris DM, Horman BM, Meitzen J, Patisaul HB. FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) exposure during the perinatal period impacts partner preference behavior and nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neuron electrophysiology in adult male and female prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster. Horm Behav 2021; 134:105019. [PMID: 34182292 PMCID: PMC8403633 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used flame retardant (FR) mixtures in household products is Firemaster 550 (FM 550). FM 550 leaches from items such as foam-based furniture and infant products, resulting in contamination of the household environment and biota. Previous studies indicate sex-specific behavioral deficits in rodents and zebrafish in response to developmental FM 550 exposure. These deficits include impacts on social and attachment behaviors in a prosocial rodent: the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). The prairie vole is a laboratory-acclimated rodent that exhibits spontaneous attachment behaviors including pair bonding. Here we extend previous work by addressing how developmental exposure to FM 550 impacts pair bonding strength via an extended-time partner preference test, as well as neuron electrophysiological properties in a region implicated in pair bond behavior, the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) core. Dams were exposed to vehicle or 1000 μg of FM 550 via subcutaneous injections throughout gestation, and female and male pups were directly exposed beginning the day after birth until weaning. Pair bond behavior of adult female and male offspring was assessed using a three hour-long partner preference test. Afterwards, acute brain slices of the NAcc core were produced and medium spiny neuron electrophysiological attributes recorded via whole cell patch-clamp. Behavioral impacts were sex-specific. Partner preference behavior was increased in exposed females but decreased in exposed males. Electrophysiological impacts were similar between sexes and specific to attributes related to input resistance. Input resistance was decreased in neurons recorded from both sexes exposed to FM 550 compared to vehicle. This study supports the hypothesis that developmental exposure to FM 550 impacts attachment behaviors and demonstrates a novel FM 550 effect on neural electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Krentzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Laney C Kimble
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David M Dorris
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John Meitzen
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Marinello WP, Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and placental function: Impact on fetal brain development. Adv Pharmacol 2021; 92:347-400. [PMID: 34452690 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time of vulnerability for the development of the fetal brain. Exposure to environmental pollutants at any point in pregnancy can negatively impact many aspects of fetal development, especially the organization and differentiation of the brain. The placenta performs a variety of functions that can help protect the fetus and sustain brain development. However, disruption of any of these functions can have negative impacts on both the pregnancy outcome and fetal neurodevelopment. This review presents current understanding of how environmental exposures, specifically to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), interfere with placental function and, in turn, neurodevelopment. Some of the key differences in placental development between animal models are presented, as well as how placental functions such as serving as a xenobiotic barrier and exchange organ, immune interface, regulator of growth and fetal oxygenation, and a neuroendocrine organ, could be vulnerable to environmental exposure. This review illustrates the importance of the placenta as a modulator of fetal brain development and suggests critical unexplored areas and possible vulnerabilities to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Varshavsky JR, Robinson JF, Zhou Y, Puckett KA, Kwan E, Buarpung S, Aburajab R, Gaw SL, Sen S, Gao S, Smith SC, Park JS, Zakharevich I, Gerona RR, Fisher SJ, Woodruff TJ. Organophosphate Flame Retardants, Highly Fluorinated Chemicals, and Biomarkers of Placental Development and Disease During Mid-Gestation. Toxicol Sci 2021; 181:215-228. [PMID: 33677611 PMCID: PMC8163039 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are chemicals that may contribute to placenta-mediated complications and adverse maternal-fetal health risks. Few studies have investigated these chemicals in relation to biomarkers of effect during pregnancy. We measured 12 PFASs and four urinary OPFR metabolites in 132 healthy pregnant women during mid-gestation and examined a subset with biomarkers of placental development and disease (n = 62). Molecular biomarkers included integrin alpha-1 (ITGA1), vascular endothelial-cadherin (CDH5), and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1). Morphological endpoints included potential indicators of placental stress and the extent of cytotrophoblast (CTB)-mediated uterine artery remodeling. Serum PFASs and urinary OPFR metabolites were detected in ∼50%-100% of samples. The most prevalent PFASs were perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), with geometric mean (GM) levels of ∼1.3-2.8 (95% confidence limits from 1.2-3.1) ng/ml compared to ≤0.5 ng/ml for other PFASs. Diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) were the most prevalent OPFR metabolites, with GMs of 2.9 (95% CI: 2.5-3.4) and 3.6 (95% CI: 2.2-3.1) ng/ml, respectively, compared to <1 ng/ml for bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) and bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP). We found inverse associations of PFASs or OPFRs with ITGA1 or CDH5 immunoreactivity and positive associations with indicators of placental stress in multiple basal plate regions, indicating these chemicals may contribute to abnormal placentation and future health risks. Associations with blood pressure and lipid concentrations warrant further examination. This is the first study of these chemicals with placental biomarkers measured directly in human tissues and suggests specific biomarkers are sensitive indicators of exposure during a vulnerable developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Varshavsky
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Joshua F Robinson
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Yan Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Kenisha A Puckett
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Elaine Kwan
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sirirak Buarpung
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Rayyan Aburajab
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Stephanie L Gaw
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | | | - Sabrina Crispo Smith
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - Igor Zakharevich
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Roy R Gerona
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
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Zhong X, Yu Y, Wang C, Zhu Q, Wu J, Ke W, Ji D, Niu C, Yang X, Wei Y. Hippocampal proteomic analysis reveals the disturbance of synaptogenesis and neurotransmission induced by developmental exposure to organophosphate flame retardant triphenyl phosphate. J Hazard Mater 2021; 404:124111. [PMID: 33189059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the spread of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), the environmental and health risks they induce are attracting attention. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a popular alternative to brominated flame retardant and halogenated OPFRs. Neurodevelopmental toxicity is TPHP's primary adverse effect, whereas the biomarkers and the modes of action have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg of TPHP were orally administered to mice from postnatal day 10 (P10) to P70. The behavioral tests showed a compromised learning and memory capability. Proteomic analysis of the hippocampus exposed to 0.5 or 50 mg/kg of TPHP identified 531 differentially expressed proteins that were mainly involved in axon guidance, synaptic function, neurotransmitter transport, exocytosis, and energy metabolism. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that exposure to TPHP reduced the protein levels of TUBB3 and SYP in the synapses of hippocampal neurons. TPHP exposure also downregulated the gene expression of neurotransmitter receptors including Grins, Htr1α, and Adra1α in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, the calcium-dependent synaptic exocytosis governed by synaptic vesicle proteins STX1A and SYT1 was inhibited in the TPHP-treated hippocampus. Our results reveal that TPHP exposure causes abnormal learning and memory behaviors by disturbing synaptogenesis and neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuejin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Can Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qicheng Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingwei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weijian Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Di Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Congying Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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35
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Witchey SK, Al Samara L, Horman BM, Stapleton HM, Patisaul HB. Perinatal exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM550), brominated or organophosphate flame retardants produces sex and compound specific effects on adult Wistar rat socioemotional behavior. Horm Behav 2020; 126:104853. [PMID: 32949556 PMCID: PMC7726037 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Firemaster 550 (FM550) is a flame retardant (FR) mixture that has become one of the most commonly used FRs in household items such as foam-based furniture and baby products. Because this mixture readily leaches from products, contamination of the environment and human tissues is widespread. Prior work by us and others has reported sex-specific behavioral deficits in rodents and zebrafish following early life exposure. In an effort to understand the mechanisms by which these behavioral effects occur, here we explored the effects of its constituents on behavioral outcomes previously shown to be altered by developmental FM550 exposure. The FM550 commercial mixture is composed of two brominated compounds (BFR) and two organophosphate compounds (OPFRs) at almost equivalent proportions. Both the BFR and the OPFR components are differentially metabolized and structurally distinct, but similar to known neurotoxicants. Here we examined adult Wistar rat offspring socioemotional behaviors following perinatal exposure (oral, to the dam) to vehicle, 2000 μg/day FM550, 1000 μg/day BFR or 1000 μg/day OPFR from gestation day 0 to weaning. Beginning on postnatal day 65 offspring from all groups were subjected to a series of behavioral tasks including open field, elevated plus maze, marble burying, social interaction tests, and running wheel. Effects were exposure-, sex- and task-specific, with BFR exposure resulting in the most consistent behavioral deficits. Overall, exposed females showed more deficits compared to males across all dose groups and tasks. These findings help elucidate how different classes of flame retardants, independently and as a mixture, contribute to sex-specific behavioral effects of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannah K Witchey
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Loujain Al Samara
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America.
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