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Tolstik E, Lehnart SE, Soeller C, Lorenz K, Sacconi L. Cardiac multiscale bioimaging: from nano- through micro- to mesoscales. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:212-227. [PMID: 37806897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac multiscale bioimaging is an emerging field that aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the heart and its functions at various levels, from the molecular to the entire organ. It combines both physiologically and clinically relevant dimensions: from nano- and micrometer resolution imaging based on vibrational spectroscopy and high-resolution microscopy to assess molecular processes in cardiac cells and myocardial tissue, to mesoscale structural investigations to improve the understanding of cardiac (patho)physiology. Tailored super-resolution deep microscopy with advanced proteomic methods and hands-on experience are thus strategically combined to improve the quality of cardiovascular research and support future medical decision-making by gaining additional biomolecular information for translational and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen Tolstik
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Translational Research, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Cellular Biophysics and Translational Cardiology Section, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 42a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC2067), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Collaborative Research Center SFB1190 Compartmental Gates and Contact Sites in Cells, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Soeller
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Translational Research, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V. Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy; Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Freiburg, Elsässer Strasse 2q, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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2
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Song Q, Alvarez-Laviada A, Schrup SE, Reilly-O'Donnell B, Entcheva E, Gorelik J. Opto-SICM framework combines optogenetics with scanning ion conductance microscopy for probing cell-to-cell contacts. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1131. [PMID: 37938652 PMCID: PMC10632396 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a novel framework, Opto-SICM, for studies of cellular interactions in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. The approach combines scanning ion conductance microscopy, SICM, and cell-type-specific optogenetic interrogation. Light-excitable cardiac fibroblasts (FB) and myofibroblasts (myoFB) were plated together with non-modified cardiomyocytes (CM) and then paced with periodic illumination. Opto-SICM reveals the extent of FB/myoFB-CM cell-cell contacts and the dynamic changes over time not visible by optical microscopy. FB-CM pairs have lower gap junctional expression of connexin-43 and higher contact dynamism compared to myoFB-CM pairs. The responsiveness of CM to pacing via FB/myoFB depends on the dynamics of the contact but not on the area. The non-responding pairs have higher net cell-cell movement at the contact. These findings are relevant to cardiac disease states, where adverse remodeling leads to abnormal electrical excitation of CM. The Opto-SICM framework can be deployed to offer new insights on cellular and subcellular interactions in various cell types, in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Song
- Imperial College London, Du Cane road, W12 0NN, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Schrup
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Imperial College London, Du Cane road, W12 0NN, London, UK.
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Sesena-Rubfiaro A, Prajapati NJ, Paolino L, Lou L, Cotayo D, Pandey P, Shaver M, Hutcheson J, Agarwal A, He J. Membrane Remodeling of Human-Engineered Cardiac Tissue by Chronic Electric Stimulation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1644-1655. [PMID: 36765460 PMCID: PMC10542861 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) show immature features, but these are improved by integration into 3D cardiac constructs. In addition, it has been demonstrated that physical manipulations such as electrical stimulation (ES) are highly effective in improving the maturation of human-engineered cardiac tissue (hECT) derived from hiPSC-CMs. Here, we continuously applied an ES in capacitive coupling configuration, which is below the pacing threshold, to millimeter-sized hECTs for 1-2 weeks. Meanwhile, the structural and functional developments of the hECTs were monitored and measured using an array of assays. Of particular note, a nanoscale imaging technique, scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), has been used to directly image membrane remodeling of CMs at different locations on the tissue surface. Periodic crest/valley patterns with a distance close to the sarcomere length appeared on the membrane of CMs near the edge of the tissue after ES, suggesting the enhanced transverse tubulation network. The SICM observation is also supported by the fluorescence images of the transverse tubulation network and α-actinin. Correspondingly, essential cardiac functions such as calcium handling and contraction force generation were improved. Our study provides evidence that chronic subthreshold ES can still improve the structural and functional developments of hECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navin J. Prajapati
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Lia Paolino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Lihua Lou
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Daniel Cotayo
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Popular Pandey
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Mohammed Shaver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Joshua Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199, USA
| | - Arvind Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199, USA
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4
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Tikhonova TN, Kolmogorov VS, Timoshenko RV, Vaneev AN, Cohen-Gerassi D, Osminkina LA, Gorelkin PV, Erofeev AS, Sysoev NN, Adler-Abramovich L, Shirshin EA. Sensing Cells-Peptide Hydrogel Interaction In Situ via Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244137. [PMID: 36552900 PMCID: PMC9776472 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogels were shown to serve as good matrices for 3D cell culture and to be applied in the field of regenerative medicine. The study of the cell-matrix interaction is important for the understanding of cell attachment, proliferation, and migration, as well as for the improvement of the matrix. Here, we used scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) to study the growth of cells on self-assembled peptide-based hydrogels. The hydrogel surface topography, which changes during its formation in an aqueous solution, were studied at nanoscale resolution and compared with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Moreover, SICM demonstrated the ability to map living cells inside the hydrogel. A zwitterionic label-free pH nanoprobe with a sensitivity > 0.01 units was applied for the investigation of pH mapping in the hydrogel to estimate the hydrogel applicability for cell growth. The SICM technique that was applied here to evaluate the cell growth on the peptide-based hydrogel can be used as a tool to study functional living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N. Tikhonova
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasilii S. Kolmogorov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Timoshenko
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Vaneev
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dana Cohen-Gerassi
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Liubov A. Osminkina
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr V. Gorelkin
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Erofeev
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay N. Sysoev
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Evgeny A. Shirshin
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4959391104
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Liu YL, Zhao YX, Li YB, Ye ZY, Zhang JJ, Zhou Y, Gao TY, Li F. Recent Advances of Nanoelectrodes for Single-Cell Electroanalysis: From Extracellular, Intercellular to Intracellular. J Anal Test 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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6
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Xu L, Li Y, Jin R, Jiang D, Jiang D. High spatial resolution observation of Temporin A at cell membranes using scanning ion conductive microscopy. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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7
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Chen F, He J, Manandhar P, Yang Y, Liu P, Gu N. Gauging surface charge distribution of live cell membrane by ionic current change using scanning ion conductance microscopy. Nanoscale 2021; 13:19973-19984. [PMID: 34825684 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of surface charge and potential of cell membrane plays an indispensable role in cellular activities. However, probing surface charge of live cells under physiological conditions, until recently, remains an arduous challenge owing to the lack of effective methods. Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is an emerging imaging technique for imaging a live cell membrane in its native state. Here, we introduce a simple SICM based imaging technique to effectively map the surface charge contrast distribution of soft substrates including cell membranes by utilizing the higher surface charge sensitivity of the ionic current when the nanopipette tip is close to the substrate with a relatively high current change. This technique was assessed on charged model substrates made of polydimethylsiloxane, and the surface charge sensitivity of ionic current change was supported by finite element method simulations. With this method, we can distinguish the surface charge difference between the cell membrane and the supporting collagen matrix. We also observed the surface charge change induced by the small membrane damage after 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment. This new SICM technique provides opportunities to study interfacial and cell membrane processes with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
- Physics Department, Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Prakash Manandhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Yizi Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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8
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Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has emerged as a versatile tool for studies of interfaces in biology and materials science with notable utility in biophysical and electrochemical measurements. The heart of the SICM is a nanometer-scale electrolyte filled glass pipette that serves as a scanning probe. In the initial conception, manipulations of ion currents through the tip of the pipette and appropriate positioning hardware provided a route to recording micro- and nanoscopic mapping of the topography of surfaces. Subsequent advances in instrumentation, probe design, and methods significantly increased opportunities for SICM beyond recording topography. Hybridization of SICM with coincident characterization techniques such as optical microscopy and faradaic electrodes have brought SICM to the forefront as a tool for nanoscale chemical measurement for a wide range of applications. Modern approaches to SICM realize an important tool in analytical, bioanalytical, biophysical, and materials measurements, where significant opportunities remain for further exploration. In this review, we chronicle the development of SICM from the perspective of both the development of instrumentation and methods and the breadth of measurements performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kaixiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Natasha P Siepser
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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9
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Rubfiaro AS, Tsegay PS, Lai Y, Cabello E, Shaver M, Hutcheson J, Liu Y, He J. Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy Study Reveals the Disruption of the Integrity of the Human Cell Membrane Structure by Oxidative DNA Damage. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:1632-1639. [PMID: 34430802 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can damage organs, tissues, and cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) by oxidizing DNA, proteins, and lipids, thereby resulting in diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, employing scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), we explored the early responses of human embryonic kidney (HEK293H) cells to oxidative DNA damage induced by potassium chromate (K2CrO4). We found that the short term (1-2 h) exposure to a low concentration (10 μM) of K2CrO4 damaged the lipid membrane of HEK293H cells, resulting in structural defects and depolarization of the cell membrane and reducing cellular secretion activity shortly after the treatment. We further demonstrated that the K2CrO4 treatment decreased the expression of the cytoskeleton protein, β-actin, by inducing oxidative DNA damage in the exon 4 of the β-actin gene. These results suggest that K2CrO4 caused oxidative DNA damage in cytoskeleton genes such as β-actin and reduced their expression, thereby disrupting the organization of the cytoskeleton beneath the cell membrane and inducing cell membrane damages. Our study provides direct evidence that oxidative DNA damage disrupted human cell membrane integrity by deregulating cytoskeleton gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto S Rubfiaro
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Pawlos S Tsegay
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Emmanuel Cabello
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Mohammad Shaver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Joshua Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Park SH, Kim A, An J, Cho HS, Kang TM. Nanoscale imaging of rat atrial myocytes by scanning ion conductance microscopy reveals heterogeneity of T-tubule openings and ultrastructure of the cell membrane. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 24:529-543. [PMID: 33093274 PMCID: PMC7585588 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.6.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to ventricular myocytes, the structural and functional importance of atrial transverse tubules (T-tubules) is not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the ultrastructure of T-tubules of living rat atrial myocytes in comparison with ventricular myocytes. Nanoscale cell surface imaging by scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) was accompanied by confocal imaging of intracellular T-tubule network, and the effect of removal of T-tubules on atrial excitation-contraction coupling (EC-coupling) was observed. By SICM imaging, we classified atrial cell surface into 4 subtypes. About 38% of atrial myocytes had smooth cell surface with no clear T-tubule openings and intracellular T-tubules (smooth-type). In 33% of cells, we found a novel membrane nanostructure running in the direction of cell length and named it 'longitudinal fissures' (LFs-type). Interestingly, T-tubule openings were often found inside the LFs. About 17% of atrial cells resembled ventricular myocytes, but they had smaller T-tubule openings and a lower Z-groove ratio than the ventricle (ventricular-type). The remaining 12% of cells showed a mixed structure of each subtype (mixed-type). The LFs-, ventricular-, and mixed-type had an appreciable amount of reticular form of intracellular T-tubules. Formamide-induced detubulation effectively removed atrial T-tubules, which was confirmed by both confocal images and decreased cell capacitance. However, the LFs remained intact after detubulation. Detubulation reduced action potential duration and L-type Ca2+channel (LTCC) density, and prolonged relaxation time of the myocytes. Taken together, we observed heterogeneity of rat atrial T-tubules and membranous ultrastructure, and the alteration of atrial EC-coupling by disruption of T-tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Physiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ami Kim
- Department of Physiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jieun An
- Department of Physiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hyun Sung Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Tong Mook Kang
- Department of Physiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
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11
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Abstract
3D direct writing and meniscus-guided pen writing methods, which are capable of fabricating 3D micro/nanostructures from soluble π-conjugated polymers (CPs) and CP precursors, and recent advances in these techniques are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Kee
- Polymer Biointerface Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Peikai Zhang
- Polymer Biointerface Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Biointerface Centre
- School of Chemical Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland
- New Zealand
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12
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Brezovjakova H, Tomlinson C, Mohd Naim N, Swiatlowska P, Erasmus JC, Huveneers S, Gorelik J, Bruche S, Braga VM. Junction Mapper is a novel computer vision tool to decipher cell-cell contact phenotypes. eLife 2019; 8:45413. [PMID: 31793877 PMCID: PMC7034980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable cell–cell contacts underpin tissue architecture and organization. Quantification of junctions of mammalian epithelia requires laborious manual measurements that are a major roadblock for mechanistic studies. We designed Junction Mapper as an open access, semi-automated software that defines the status of adhesiveness via the simultaneous measurement of pre-defined parameters at cell–cell contacts. It identifies contacting interfaces and corners with minimal user input and quantifies length, area and intensity of junction markers. Its ability to measure fragmented junctions is unique. Importantly, junctions that considerably deviate from the contiguous staining and straight contact phenotype seen in epithelia are also successfully quantified (i.e. cardiomyocytes or endothelia). Distinct phenotypes of junction disruption can be clearly differentiated among various oncogenes, depletion of actin regulators or stimulation with other agents. Junction Mapper is thus a powerful, unbiased and highly applicable software for profiling cell–cell adhesion phenotypes and facilitate studies on junction dynamics in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Brezovjakova
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Tomlinson
- Bioinformatics Data Science Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noor Mohd Naim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Swiatlowska
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer C Erasmus
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susann Bruche
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vania Mm Braga
- National Heart and Lung Institute, National Institutes of Health, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Dikolayev V, Tuganbekov T, Nikolaev VO. Visualizing Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Cardiac Microdomains Involved in Ion Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1406. [PMID: 31849691 PMCID: PMC6888371 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3′,5′-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a key second messenger that regulates function of proteins involved in ion homeostasis and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Over the last decade, it has been increasingly appreciated that cAMP conveys its numerous effects by acting in discrete subcellular compartments or “microdomains.” In this mini review, we describe how such localized signals can be visualized in living cardiomyocytes to better understand cardiac physiology and disease. Special focus is made on targeted biosensors that can be used to resolve second messenger signals within nanometers of cardiac ion channels and transporters. Potential directions for future research and the translational importance of cAMP compartmentalization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Dikolayev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Surgical Diseases, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Turlybek Tuganbekov
- Department of Surgical Diseases, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Schultz F, Swiatlowska P, Alvarez-Laviada A, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Song Q, de Vries AAF, Pijnappels DA, Ongstad E, Braga VMM, Entcheva E, Gourdie RG, Miragoli M, Gorelik J. Cardiomyocyte-myofibroblast contact dynamism is modulated by connexin-43. FASEB J 2019; 33:10453-10468. [PMID: 31253057 PMCID: PMC6704460 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802740rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Healthy cardiomyocytes are electrically coupled at the intercalated discs by gap junctions. In infarcted hearts, adverse gap-junctional remodeling occurs in the border zone, where cardiomyocytes are chemically and electrically influenced by myofibroblasts. The physical movement of these contacts remains unquantified. Using scanning ion conductance microscopy, we show that intercellular contacts between cardiomyocytes and myofibroblasts are highly dynamic, mainly owing to the edge dynamics (lamellipodia) of the myofibroblasts. Decreasing the amount of functional connexin-43 (Cx43) at the membrane through Cx43 silencing, suppression of Cx43 trafficking, or hypoxia-induced Cx43 internalization attenuates heterocellular contact dynamism. However, we found decreased dynamism and stabilized membrane contacts when cellular coupling was strengthened using 4-phenylbutyrate (4PB). Fluorescent-dye transfer between cells showed that the extent of functional coupling between the 2 cell types correlated with contact dynamism. Intercellular calcein transfer from myofibroblasts to cardiomyocytes is reduced after myofibroblast-specific Cx43 down-regulation. Conversely, 4PB-treated myofibroblasts increased their functional coupling to cardiomyocytes. Consistent with lamellipodia-mediated contacts, latrunculin-B decreases dynamism, lowers physical communication between heterocellular pairs, and reduces Cx43 intensity in contact regions. Our data show that heterocellular cardiomyocyte-myofibroblast contacts exhibit high dynamism. Therefore, Cx43 is a potential target for prevention of aberrant cardiomyocyte coupling and myofibroblast proliferation in the infarct border zone.-Schultz, F., Swiatlowska, P., Alvarez-Laviada, A., Sanchez-Alonso, J. L., Song, Q., de Vries, A. A. F., Pijnappels, D. A., Ongstad, E., Braga, V. M. M., Entcheva, E., Gourdie, R. G., Miragoli, M., Gorelik, J. Cardiomyocyte-myofibroblast contact dynamism is modulated by connexin-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Schultz
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Swiatlowska
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Qianqian Song
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniël A. Pijnappels
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emily Ongstad
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Vania M. M. Braga
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert G. Gourdie
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy;,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy,Correspondence: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43124 Parma, Italy. E-mail:
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;,Correspondence: National Heart and Lung Institute, 4th Floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Rd., London W12 0NN, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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15
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Simeonov S, Schäffer TE. Ultrafast Imaging of Cardiomyocyte Contractions by Combining Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy with a Microelectrode Array. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9648-9655. [PMID: 31247725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Beating cardiomyocytes undergo fast morphodynamics during the contraction-relaxation cycle. However, imaging these morphodynamics with a high spatial and temporal resolution is difficult, owing to a lack of suitable techniques. Here, we combine scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) with a microelectrode array (MEA) to image the three-dimensional (3D) topography of cardiomyocytes during a contraction-relaxation cycle with 1 μm spatial and 1 ms time resolution. We record the vertical motion of cardiomyocytes at many locations across a cell by SICM and synchronize these data using the simultaneously recorded action potential by the MEA as a time reference. This allows us to reconstruct the time-resolved 3D morphology of cardiomyocytes during a full contraction-relaxation cycle with a raw data rate of 200 μs/frame and to generate spatially resolved images of contractile parameters (maximum displacement, time delay, asymmetry factor). We use the MEA-SICM setup to visualize the effect of blebbistatin, a myosin II inhibitor, on the morphodynamics of contractions. Further, we find an upper limit of 0.02% for cell volume changes during an action potential. The results show that MEA-SICM provides an ultrafast imaging platform for investigating the functional interplay of cardiomyocyte electrophysiology and mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simeonov
- Institute of Applied Physics , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 10 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- Institute of Applied Physics , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 10 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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16
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Abstract
Nanoelectrochemistry is an important and growing branch of electrochemistry that encompasses a number of key research areas, including (electro)catalysis, energy storage, biomedical/environmental sensing, and electrochemical imaging. Nanoscale electrochemical measurements are often performed in confined environments over prolonged experimental time scales with nonisolated quasi-reference counter electrodes (QRCEs) in a simplified two-electrode format. Herein, we consider the stability of commonly used Ag/AgCl QRCEs, comprising an AgCl-coated wire, in a nanopipet configuration, which simulates the confined electrochemical cell arrangement commonly encountered in nanoelectrochemical systems. Ag/AgCl QRCEs possess a very stable reference potential even when used immediately after preparation and, when deployed in Cl- free electrolyte media (e.g., 0.1 M HClO4) in the scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) format, drift by only ca. 1 mV h-1 on the several hours time scale. Furthermore, contrary to some previous reports, when employed in a scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) format (meniscus contact with a working electrode surface), Ag/AgCl QRCEs do not cause fouling of the surface (i.e., with soluble redox byproducts, such as Ag+) on at least the 6 h time scale, as long as suitable precautions with respect to electrode handling and placement within the nanopipet are observed. These experimental observations are validated through finite element method (FEM) simulations, which consider Ag+ transport within a nanopipet probe in the SECCM and SICM configurations. These results confirm that Ag/AgCl is a stable and robust QRCE in confined electrochemical environments, such as in nanopipets used in SICM, for nanopore measurements, for printing and patterning, and in SECCM, justifying the widespread use of this electrode in the field of nanoelectrochemistry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Bentley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
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17
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Ercu M, Klussmann E. Roles of A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins and Phosphodiesterases in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010014. [PMID: 29461511 PMCID: PMC5872362 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are essential enzymes in the cyclic adenosine 3′-5′ monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade. They establish local cAMP pools by controlling the intensity, duration and compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling. Various members of the AKAP and PDE families are expressed in the cardiovascular system and direct important processes maintaining homeostatic functioning of the heart and vasculature, e.g., the endothelial barrier function and excitation-contraction coupling. Dysregulation of AKAP and PDE function is associated with pathophysiological conditions in the cardiovascular system including heart failure, hypertension and atherosclerosis. A number of diseases, including autosomal dominant hypertension with brachydactyly (HTNB) and type I long-QT syndrome (LQT1), result from mutations in genes encoding for distinct members of the two classes of enzymes. This review provides an overview over the AKAPs and PDEs relevant for cAMP compartmentalization in the heart and vasculature and discusses their pathophysiological role as well as highlights the potential benefits of targeting these proteins and their protein-protein interactions for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ercu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin 13347, Germany.
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18
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Pavlaki N, Nikolaev VO. Imaging of PDE2- and PDE3-Mediated cGMP-to-cAMP Cross-Talk in Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010004. [PMID: 29367582 PMCID: PMC5872352 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are important second messengers that regulate cardiovascular function and disease by acting in discrete subcellular microdomains. Signaling compartmentation at these locations is often regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Some PDEs are also involved in the cross-talk between the two second messengers. The purpose of this review is to summarize and highlight recent findings about the role of PDE2 and PDE3 in cardiomyocyte cyclic nucleotide compartmentation and visualization of this process using live cell imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Pavlaki
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Gesmundo I, Miragoli M, Carullo P, Trovato L, Larcher V, Di Pasquale E, Brancaccio M, Mazzola M, Villanova T, Sorge M, Taliano M, Gallo MP, Alloatti G, Penna C, Hare JM, Ghigo E, Schally AV, Condorelli G, Granata R. Growth hormone-releasing hormone attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and improves heart function in pressure overload-induced heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12033-8. [PMID: 29078377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712612114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, characterized by heart growth in response to pressure or volume overload, such as in the setting of hypertension, is the main risk factor for heart failure (HF). The identification of therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse cardiac hypertrophy is therefore a priority for curing HF. It is known that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) displays cardioprotective functions; however, its therapeutic potential in hypertrophy and HF is unknown. Here we show that GHRH reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro through inhibition of hypertrophic pathways. In vivo, the GHRH analog MR-409 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and improves cardiac function. These findings suggest therapeutic use of GHRH analogs for treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and HF. It has been shown that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) reduces cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis, prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury, and improves cardiac function in ischemic rat hearts. However, it is still not known whether GHRH would be beneficial for life-threatening pathological conditions, like cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). Thus, we tested the myocardial therapeutic potential of GHRH stimulation in vitro and in vivo, using GHRH or its agonistic analog MR-409. We show that in vitro, GHRH(1-44)NH2 attenuates phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiac cells, adult rat ventricular myocytes, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs, decreasing expression of hypertrophic genes and regulating hypertrophic pathways. Underlying mechanisms included blockade of Gq signaling and its downstream components phospholipase Cβ, protein kinase Cε, calcineurin, and phospholamban. The receptor-dependent effects of GHRH also involved activation of Gαs and cAMP/PKA, and inhibition of increase in exchange protein directly activated by cAMP1 (Epac1). In vivo, MR-409 mitigated cardiac hypertrophy in mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and improved cardiac function. Moreover, CMs isolated from transverse aortic constriction mice treated with MR-409 showed improved contractility and reversal of sarcolemmal structure. Overall, these results identify GHRH as an antihypertrophic regulator, underlying its therapeutic potential for HF, and suggest possible beneficial use of its analogs for treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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20
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Gesper A, Hagemann P, Happel P. A low-cost, large field-of-view scanning ion conductance microscope for studying nanoparticle-cell membrane interactions. Nanoscale 2017; 9:14172-14183. [PMID: 28905955 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04306f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have the potential to become versatile tools in the medical and life sciences. One potential application is delivering drugs or other compounds to the cell cytoplasm, which requires the nanoparticles to bind to or cross the cell membrane. However, there are only a few tools available which allow studying the interaction of nanoparticles and the cell membrane of living cells in a physiological environment. Currently, the tool which least biases living cells is Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM). Specialized SICMs allow imaging at high resolution, however, they are cost intensive, particularly when providing a large field-of-view. In contrast, less cost intensive SICMs which provide a large field-of-view do not allow imaging at high resolutions. We have developed a SICM setup consisting of a compact three-axis piezo system and an additional fast shear-force piezo actor. This combination allows imaging fields-of-view of up to 80 μm × 80 μm, recording sections of living cells with a temporal resolution in the range of minutes as well as imaging with a spatial resolution of below 70 nm. Using our SICM we found that the cell membrane of HeLa cells treated with carboxylated latex nanoparticles was significantly more convoluted compared to control cells. The SICM setup we introduce here combines high resolution imaging with a large field-of-view at low costs. Our setup only requires a mounting adapter to extend existing inverted light microscopes, thus it could be a valuable and cost effective tool for researchers in all fields of the medical and life sciences performing investigations at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Gesper
- Nanoscopy Group, Central Unit for Ion beams and Radionuclides (RUBION), Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraβe 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a nanopipette-based technique that has traditionally been used to image topography or to deliver species to an interface, particularly in a biological setting. This article highlights the recent blossoming of SICM into a technique with a much greater diversity of applications and capability that can be used either standalone, with advanced control (potential-time) functions, or in tandem with other methods. SICM can be used to elucidate functional information about interfaces, such as surface charge density or electrochemical activity (ion fluxes). Using a multi-barrel probe format, SICM-related techniques can be employed to deposit nanoscale three-dimensional structures and further functionality is realized when SICM is combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), with simultaneous measurements from a single probe opening up considerable prospects for multifunctional imaging. SICM studies are greatly enhanced by finite-element method modelling for quantitative treatment of issues such as resolution, surface charge and (tip) geometry effects. SICM is particularly applicable to the study of living systems, notably single cells, although applications extend to materials characterization and to new methods of printing and nanofabrication. A more thorough understanding of the electrochemical principles and properties of SICM provides a foundation for significant applications of SICM in electrochemistry and interfacial science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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22
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Abstract
The universal second messengers cyclic nucleotides 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) play central roles in cardiovascular function and disease. They act in discrete, functionally relevant subcellular microdomains which regulate, for example, calcium cycling and excitation-contraction coupling. Such localized cAMP and cGMP signals have been difficult to measure using conventional biochemical techniques. Recent years have witnessed the advent of live cell imaging techniques which allow visualization of these functionally relevant second messengers with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution at cellular, subcellular and tissue levels. In this review, we discuss these new imaging techniques and give examples how they are used to visualize cAMP and cGMP in physiological and pathological settings to better understand cardiovascular function and disease. Two primary techniques include the use of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based cyclic nucleotide biosensors and nanoscale scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM). These methods can provide deep mechanistic insights into compartmentalized cAMP and cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Berisha
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany.
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23
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Targosz-Korecka M, Malek-Zietek KE, Brzezinka GD, Jaglarz M. Morphological and nanomechanical changes in mechanosensitive endothelial cells induced by colloidal AFM probes. Scanning 2016; 38:654-664. [PMID: 26991882 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is one of the main properties of endothelial cells (ECs) phenotype. Hemodynamic forces like flow-generated endothelial shear stress play a fundamental role in ECs cytoskeletal remodeling and activate signaling cascades in ECs. AFM methods are widely used to characterize morphology as well as mechanical properties of cells. In both cases AFM probes directly interact with cell surface exerting mechanical forces on the cellular membrane, which in turn may stimulate mechanosensitive receptors present in EC. This article presents examples of how the colloidal AFM probes influence ECs during multiple scans. The results revealed that multiple scans of the ECs significantly influenced the morphology and elasticity of cells. Moreover, changes in the cell shape and mechanical properties were dependent on the scan direction (across or along the main axis of the cell). Multiple scans with a colloidal probe leaded to reorientation of the cell main axis and this effect was similar to the action of the shear stress induced by flow conditions. Furthermore, the correlation between the tip-induced modification of the cell properties and the remodeling of the cell's glycocalyx was observed. SCANNING 38:654-664, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Targosz-Korecka
- Research Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Advanced Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna E Malek-Zietek
- Research Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Advanced Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz D Brzezinka
- Research Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Advanced Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jaglarz
- Research Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Advanced Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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24
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Drews A, Flint J, Shivji N, Jönsson P, Wirthensohn D, De Genst E, Vincke C, Muyldermans S, Dobson C, Klenerman D. Individual aggregates of amyloid beta induce temporary calcium influx through the cell membrane of neuronal cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31910. [PMID: 27553885 PMCID: PMC4995397 DOI: 10.1038/srep31910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Local delivery of amyloid beta oligomers from the tip of a nanopipette, controlled over the cell surface, has been used to deliver physiological picomolar oligomer concentrations to primary astrocytes or neurons. Calcium influx was observed when as few as 2000 oligomers were delivered to the cell surface. When the dosing of oligomers was stopped the intracellular calcium returned to basal levels or below. Calcium influx was prevented by the presence in the pipette of the extracellular chaperone clusterin, which is known to selectively bind oligomers, and by the presence a specific nanobody to amyloid beta. These data are consistent with individual oligomers larger than trimers inducing calcium entry as they cross the cell membrane, a result supported by imaging experiments in bilayers, and suggest that the initial molecular event that leads to neuronal damage does not involve any cellular receptors, in contrast to work performed at much higher oligomer concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennie Flint
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadia Shivji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Wirthensohn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erwin De Genst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cécile Vincke
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Chris Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Shan Y, Panday N, Myoung Y, Twomey M, Wang X, Li W, Celik E, Moy V, Wang H, Moon JH, He J. Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopic Study for Cellular Uptake of Cationic Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:599-607. [PMID: 26757346 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Positively charged conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are emerging biomaterials exhibiting high levels of cellular entry. High rate of cellular entry efficiency is believed that the amphiphilic CPNs interact efficiently with the negatively charged hydrophobic cellular membranes. For the first time, the cell surface morphological changes of human cervical cancer cells treated with CPNs using a scanning probe microscopy technique, scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) are imaged. After 1 h of CPN incubation, distinct changes are observed in cell surface morphology such as interconnected protrusions and pits with sub-micrometer sizes, which are not observed from cells treated with positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) under the same treatment conditions. The change on cell surface morphology is quantified by surface roughness ratio, which is increased as CPN concentration increases, while the ratio first increases and then decreases as the incubation time increases. These results suggest that cells respond actively toward CPN with both positive charges on the side chain and the hydrophobicity from rigid aromatic backbone, which leads to subsequent endocytosis. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that SICM is a suitable imaging technique to reveal the dynamic alternations on the cell surface morphology at the early stage of nanoparticles endocytosis with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Shan
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Life, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Namuna Panday
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yong Myoung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Megan Twomey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Emrah Celik
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Vincent Moy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Joong Ho Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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26
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Schultz F, Hasan A, Alvarez-Laviada A, Miragoli M, Bhogal N, Wells S, Poulet C, Chambers J, Williamson C, Gorelik J. The protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in an in vitro model of the human fetal heart occurs via targeting cardiac fibroblasts. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2016; 120:149-63. [PMID: 26777584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are elevated in the blood of women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and this may lead to fetal arrhythmia, fetal hypoxia and potentially fetal death in utero. The bile acid taurocholic acid (TC) causes abnormal calcium dynamics and contraction in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a drug clinically used to treat ICP, prevents adverse effects of TC. During development, the fetus is in a state of relative hypoxia. Although this is essential for the development of the heart and vasculature, resident fibroblasts can transiently differentiate into myofibroblasts and form gap junctions with cardiomyocytes in vitro, resulting in cardiomyocyte depolarization. We expanded on previously published work using an in vitro hypoxia model to investigate the differentiation of human fetal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Recent evidence shows that potassium channels are involved in maintaining the membrane potential of ventricular fibroblasts and that ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channel subunits are expressed in cultured fibroblasts. KATP channels are a valuable target as they are thought to have a cardioprotective role during ischaemic and hypoxic conditions. We investigated whether UDCA could modulate fibroblast membrane potential. We established the isolation and culture of human fetal cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts to investigate the effect of hypoxia, TC and UDCA on human fetal cardiac cells. UDCA hyperpolarized myofibroblasts and prevented TC-induced depolarisation, possibly through the activation of KATP channels that are expressed in cultured fibroblasts. Also, similar to the rat model, UDCA can counteract TC-induced calcium abnormalities in human fetal cultures of cardiomyocytes and myofibroblasts. Under normoxic conditions, we found a higher number of myofibroblasts in cultures derived from human fetal hearts compared to cells isolated from neonatal rat hearts, indicating a possible increased number of myofibroblasts in human fetal hearts. Hypoxia further increased the number of human fetal and rat neonatal myofibroblasts. However, chronically administered UDCA reduced the number of myofibroblasts and prevented hypoxia-induced depolarisation. In conclusion, our results show that the protective effect of UDCA involves both the reduction of fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, and hyperpolarisation of myofibroblasts, most likely through the stimulation of potassium channels, i.e. KATP channels. This could be important in validating UDCA as an antifibrotic and antiarrhythmic drug for treatment of failing hearts and fetal arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Schultz
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alveera Hasan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anita Alvarez-Laviada
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michele Miragoli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Navneet Bhogal
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Wells
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Poulet
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Chambers
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Miragoli M, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Bhargava A, Wright PT, Sikkel M, Schobesberger S, Diakonov I, Novak P, Castaldi A, Cattaneo P, Lyon AR, Lab MJ, Gorelik J. Microtubule-Dependent Mitochondria Alignment Regulates Calcium Release in Response to Nanomechanical Stimulus in Heart Myocytes. Cell Rep 2015; 14:140-151. [PMID: 26725114 PMCID: PMC4983655 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenesis during heart failure is a major clinical problem. Regional electrical gradients produce arrhythmias, and cellular ionic transmembrane gradients are its originators. We investigated whether the nanoscale mechanosensitive properties of cardiomyocytes from failing hearts have a bearing upon the initiation of abnormal electrical activity. Hydrojets through a nanopipette indent specific locations on the sarcolemma and initiate intracellular calcium release in both healthy and heart failure cardiomyocytes, as well as in human failing cardiomyocytes. In healthy cells, calcium is locally confined, whereas in failing cardiomyocytes, calcium propagates. Heart failure progressively stiffens the membrane and displaces sub-sarcolemmal mitochondria. Colchicine in healthy cells mimics the failing condition by stiffening the cells, disrupting microtubules, shifting mitochondria, and causing calcium release. Uncoupling the mitochondrial proton gradient abolished calcium initiation in both failing and colchicine-treated cells. We propose the disruption of microtubule-dependent mitochondrial mechanosensor microdomains as a mechanism for abnormal calcium release in failing heart. Nanomechanical pressure application changes mechanosensitivity in failing heart cells Microtubular network disorganization mediates the change in mechanosensitivity Mitochondria are displaced from their original location and trigger calcium release Uncoupling the mitochondrial proton gradient completely abolishes the phenomena
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Miragoli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy; Center of Excellence for Toxicological Research, INAIL exISPESL, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Jose L Sanchez-Alonso
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Ordnance Factory Estate, Yeddumailaram, 502205 Telangana, India
| | - Peter T Wright
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Markus Sikkel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sophie Schobesberger
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ivan Diakonov
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pavel Novak
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alessandra Castaldi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Cattaneo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW36NP, UK
| | - Max J Lab
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Gomez JF, Cardona K, Trenor B. Lessons learned from multi-scale modeling of the failing heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:146-59. [PMID: 26476237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure constitutes a major public health problem worldwide. Affected patients experience a number of changes in the electrical function of the heart that predispose to potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias. Due to the multitude of electrophysiological changes that may occur during heart failure, the scientific literature is complex and sometimes ambiguous, perhaps because these findings are highly dependent on the etiology, the stage of heart failure, and the experimental model used to study these changes. Nevertheless, a number of common features of failing hearts have been documented. Prolongation of the action potential (AP) involving ion channel remodeling and alterations in calcium handling have been established as the hallmark characteristics of myocytes isolated from failing hearts. Intercellular uncoupling and fibrosis are identified as major arrhythmogenic factors. Multi-scale computational simulations are a powerful tool that complements experimental and clinical research. The development of biophysically detailed computer models of single myocytes and cardiac tissues has contributed greatly to our understanding of processes underlying excitation and repolarization in the heart. The electrical, structural, and metabolic remodeling that arises in cardiac tissues during heart failure has been addressed from different computational perspectives to further understand the arrhythmogenic substrate. This review summarizes the contributions from computational modeling and simulation to predict the underlying mechanisms of heart failure phenotypes and their implications for arrhythmogenesis, ranging from the cellular level to whole-heart simulations. The main aspects of heart failure are presented in several related sections. An overview of the main electrophysiological and structural changes that have been observed experimentally in failing hearts is followed by the description and discussion of the simulation work in this field at the cellular level, and then in 2D and 3D cardiac structures. The implications for arrhythmogenesis in heart failure are also discussed including therapeutic measures, such as drug effects and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Finally, the future challenges in heart failure modeling and simulation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Gomez
- Instituto de Investigación Interuniversitario en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada, al Ser Humano (I3BH), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Karen Cardona
- Instituto de Investigación Interuniversitario en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada, al Ser Humano (I3BH), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Trenor
- Instituto de Investigación Interuniversitario en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada, al Ser Humano (I3BH), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Abstract
3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important second messenger which regulates heart function by acting in distinct subcellular microdomains. Recent years have provided deeper mechanistic insights into compartmentalized cAMP signaling and its link to cardiac disease. In this mini review, we summarize newest developments in this field achieved by cutting-edge biochemical and biophysical techniques. We further compile the data from different studies into a bigger picture of so far uncovered alterations in cardiomyocyte cAMP microdomains which occur in compensated cardiac hypertrophy and chronic heart failure. Finally, future research directions and translational perspectives are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Froese
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Georg August University Medical Center , Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany ; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research , Hamburg, Germany
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Wright PT, Schobesberger S, Gorelik J. Studying GPCR/cAMP pharmacology from the perspective of cellular structure. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:148. [PMID: 26236239 PMCID: PMC4505077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) relies upon the production of cAMP and other signaling cascades. A given receptor and agonist pair, produce multiple effects upon cellular physiology which can be opposite in different cell types. The production of variable cellular effects via the signaling of the same GPCR in different cell types is a result of signal organization in space and time (compartmentation). This organization is usually based upon the physical and chemical properties of the membranes in which the GPCRs reside and the repertoire of downstream effectors and co-factors that are available at that location. In this review we explore mechanisms of GPCR signal compartmentation and broadly review the state-of-the-art methodologies which can be utilized to study them. We provide a clear rationale for a “localized” approach to the study of the pharmacology and physiology of GPCRs and particularly the secondary messenger cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Wright
- Functional Microscopy, Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Sophie Schobesberger
- Functional Microscopy, Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Functional Microscopy, Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , Du Cane Road, London, UK
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31
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Abstract
Single cell analysis is an emerging field requiring a high level interdisciplinary collaboration to provide detailed insights into the complex organisation, function and heterogeneity of life. This review is addressed to life science researchers as well as researchers developing novel technologies. It covers all aspects of the characterisation of single cells (with a special focus on mammalian cells) from morphology to genetics and different omics-techniques to physiological, mechanical and electrical methods. In recent years, tremendous advances have been achieved in all fields of single cell analysis: (1) improved spatial and temporal resolution of imaging techniques to enable the tracking of single molecule dynamics within single cells; (2) increased throughput to reveal unexpected heterogeneity between different individual cells raising the question what characterizes a cell type and what is just natural biological variation; and (3) emerging multimodal approaches trying to bring together information from complementary techniques paving the way for a deeper understanding of the complexity of biological processes. This review also covers the first successful translations of single cell analysis methods to diagnostic applications in the field of tumour research (especially circulating tumour cells), regenerative medicine, drug discovery and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Galler
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center "Center for Sepsis Control and Care", Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Gaitas A, Malhotra R, Li T, Herron T, Jalife J. A device for rapid and quantitative measurement of cardiac myocyte contractility. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:034302. [PMID: 25832250 PMCID: PMC4376763 DOI: 10.1063/1.4915500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac contractility is the hallmark of cardiac function and is a predictor of healthy or diseased cardiac muscle. Despite advancements over the last two decades, the techniques and tools available to cardiovascular scientists are limited in their utility to accurately and reliably measure the amplitude and frequency of cardiomyocyte contractions. Isometric force measurements in the past have entailed cumbersome attachment of isolated and permeabilized cardiomyocytes to a force transducer followed by measurements of sarcomere lengths under conditions of submaximal and maximal Ca(2+) activation. These techniques have the inherent disadvantages of being labor intensive and costly. We have engineered a micro-machined cantilever sensor with an embedded deflection-sensing element that, in preliminary experiments, has demonstrated to reliably measure cardiac cell contractions in real-time. Here, we describe this new bioengineering tool with applicability in the cardiovascular research field to effectively and reliably measure cardiac cell contractility in a quantitative manner. We measured contractility in both primary neonatal rat heart cardiomyocyte monolayers that demonstrated a beat frequency of 3 Hz as well as human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with a contractile frequency of about 1 Hz. We also employed the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (100 nmol l(-1)) and observed that our cantilever demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting subtle changes in both chronotropic and inotropic responses of monolayers. This report describes the utility of our micro-device in both basic cardiovascular research as well as in small molecule drug discovery to monitor cardiac cell contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Gaitas
- Kytaro, Inc., 11200 SW 8th Street, MARC 430, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Ricky Malhotra
- Kytaro, Inc., 11200 SW 8th Street, MARC 430, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Todd Herron
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - José Jalife
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Scheenen WJJM, Celikel T. Nanophysiology: Bridging synapse ultrastructure, biology, and physiology using scanning ion conductance microscopy. Synapse 2015; 69:233-41. [PMID: 25655013 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic communication is at the core of neural circuit function, and its plasticity allows the nervous system to adapt to the changes in its environment. Understanding the mechanisms of this synaptic (re)organization will benefit from novel methodologies that enable simultaneous study of synaptic ultrastructure, biology, and physiology in identified circuits. Here, we describe one of these methodologies, i.e., scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), for electrical mapping of the membrane anatomy in tens of nanometers resolution in living neurons. When combined with traditional patch-clamp and fluorescence microscopy techniques, and the newly emerging nanointerference methodologies, SICM has the potential to mechanistically bridge the synaptic structure and function longitudinally throughout the life of a synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim J J M Scheenen
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Miragoli M, Yacoub MH, El-Hamamsy I, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Moshkov A, Mongkoldhumrongkul N, Padala M, Paramagurunathan S, Sarathchandra P, Korchev YE, Gorelik J, Chester AH. Side-specific mechanical properties of valve endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H15-24. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00228.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aortic valve endothelial cells (ECs) function in vastly different levels of shear stress. The biomechanical characteristics of cells on each side of valve have not been investigated. We assessed the morphology and mechanical properties of cultured or native valve ECs on intact porcine aortic valve cusps using a scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM). The autocrine influence of several endothelial-derived mediators on cell compliance and the expression of actin were also examined. Cells on the aortic side of the valve are characterized by a more elongated shape and were aligned along a single axis. Measurement of EC membrane compliance using the SICM showed that the cells on the aortic side of intact valves were significantly softer than those on the ventricular side. A similar pattern was seen in cultured cells. Addition of 10−6 M of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside caused a significant reduction in the compliance of ventricular ECs but had no effect on cells on the aortic side of the valve. Conversely, endothelin-1 (10−10-10−8 M) caused an increase in the compliance of aortic cells but had no effect on cells on the ventricular side of the valve. Aortic side EC compliance was also increased by 10−4 M of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Immunofluorescent staining of actin filaments revealed a great density of staining in ECs on the ventricular surface. The expression of actin and the relative membrane compliance of ECs on both side of the valve were not affected by ventricular and aortic patterns of flow. This study has shown side-specific differences in the biomechanics of aortic valve ECs. These differences can have important implications for valve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Miragoli
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Cardiac Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Magdi H. Yacoub
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- Qatar Cardiovascular Research Centre, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ismail El-Hamamsy
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Jose L. Sanchez-Alonso
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Cardiac Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey Moshkov
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Cardiac Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Muralindar Padala
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Saravanan Paramagurunathan
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Padmini Sarathchandra
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Yuri E. Korchev
- Division of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Cardiac Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian H. Chester
- Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- Qatar Cardiovascular Research Centre, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Lorin C, Gueffier M, Bois P, Faivre JF, Cognard C, Sebille S. Ultrastructural and functional alterations of EC coupling elements in mdx cardiomyocytes: an analysis from membrane surface to depth. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 66:723-36. [PMID: 23400933 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The loss of dystrophin leads to membrane instability and calcium dysregulation in skeletal muscle but effects of such a loss are not elucidated at cardiomyocytes level. We sought to examine whether membrane and transverse tubules damages occur in ventricular myocytes from mdx mouse model of DMD and how they impact the function of single excitation-contraction coupling elements. Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) was used to characterize the integrity loss of living mdx cardiomyocytes surface. 2D Fourier transform analysis of labeled internal networks (transverse tubules, alpha-actinin, dihydropyridine receptors, ryanodine receptors) was performed to evaluate internal alterations. During calcium measurements, "smart microperfusions" of depolarizing solutions were applied through SICM nanopipette, stimulating single tubules elements. These approaches revealed structural membrane surface (39% decrease for Z-groove ratio) and transverse tubules disorganization (21% transverse tubules ratio decrease) in mdx as compared to control. These disruptions were associated with functional alterations (sixfold increase of calcium signal duration and twofold increase of sparks frequency). In DCM associated with DMD, myocytes display evident membrane alterations at the surface level but also in the cell depth with a disruption of transverse tubules network as observed in other cases of heart failure. These ultrastructural changes are associated with changes in the function of some coupling elements. Thus, these profound disruptions may play a role in calcium dysregulation through excitation-contraction coupling elements perturbation and suggest a transverse tubules stabilizing role for dystrophin.
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36
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Abstract
Halloysite nanotube (HNT)-based supramolecular complexes are synthesized and evaluated with respect to their cytotoxicity and effects on cellular structures. As HNTs are water-insoluble, DNA is applied for wrapping the surface of HNTs to enhance their water-dispersibility. To investigate the potential of DNA-wrapped HNTs (HD) as a promising drug delivery carrier, doxorubicin (DOX) is introduced as a model anticancer agent and loaded onto HD. The DOX-loaded, DNA-wrapped HNTs (HDD) show sustained DOX release over two weeks without initial burst of DOX indicating delayed DOX release inside cells. In addition, effects of DNA-wrapped HNTs (HD) or HDD on the cytoskeleton organization of A549 cells are studied by visualizing the distribution of F-actin filaments using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and cellular morphological changes are observed by scanning electron microscopy and scanning ion conductance microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Lee
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Münster, Wilhelm Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Burouni N, Berenschot E, Elwenspoek M, Sarajlic E, Leussink P, Jansen H, Tas N. Wafer-scale fabrication of nanoapertures using corner lithography. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:285303. [PMID: 23792365 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/28/285303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several submicron probe technologies require the use of apertures to serve as electrical, optical or fluidic probes; for example, writing precisely using an atomic force microscope or near-field sensing of light reflecting from a biological surface. Controlling the size of such apertures below 100 nm is a challenge in fabrication. One way to accomplish this scale is to use high resolution tools such as deep UV or e-beam. However, these tools are wafer-scale and expensive, or only provide series fabrication. For this reason, in this study a versatile method adapted from conventional micromachining is investigated to fabricate protruding apertures on wafer-scale. This approach is called corner lithography and offers control of the size of the aperture with diameter less than 50 nm using a low-budget lithography tool. For example, by tuning the process parameters, an estimated mean size of 44.5 nm and an estimated standard deviation of 2.3 nm are found. The technique is demonstrated--based on a theoretical foundation including a statistical analysis--with the nanofabrication of apertures at the apexes of micromachined pyramids. Besides apertures, the technique enables the construction of wires, slits and dots into versatile three-dimensional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Burouni
- MESA⁺ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
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38
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Ferrantini C, Crocini C, Coppini R, Vanzi F, Tesi C, Cerbai E, Poggesi C, Pavone FS, Sacconi L. The transverse-axial tubular system of cardiomyocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4695-710. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Directly observing individual protein molecules in action at high spatiotemporal resolution has long been a holy grail for biological science. This is because we long have had to infer how proteins function from the static snapshots of their structures and dynamic behavior of optical makers attached to the molecules. This limitation has recently been removed to a large extent by the materialization of high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). HS-AFM allows us to directly visualize the structure dynamics and dynamic processes of biological molecules in physiological solutions, at subsecond to sub-100-ms temporal resolution, without disturbing their function. In fact, dynamically acting molecules such as myosin V walking on an actin filament and bacteriorhodopsin in response to light are successfully visualized. In this review, we first describe theoretical considerations for the highest possible imaging rate of this new microscope, and then highlight recent imaging studies. Finally, the current limitation and future challenges to explore are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ando
- Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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Miragoli M, Novak P, Ruenraroengsak P, Shevchuk AI, Korchev YE, Lab MJ, Tetley TD, Gorelik J. Functional interaction between charged nanoparticles and cardiac tissue: a new paradigm for cardiac arrhythmia? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 8:725-737. [PMID: 23140503 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of surface charge of therapeutic nanoparticles on sarcolemmal ionic homeostasis and the initiation of arrhythmias. MATERIALS & METHODS Cultured neonatal rat myocytes were exposed to 50 nm-charged polystyrene latex nanoparticles and examined using a combination of hopping probe scanning ion conductance microscopy, optical recording of action potential characteristics and patch clamp. RESULTS Positively charged, amine-modified polystyrene latex nanoparticles showed cytotoxic effects and induced large-scale damage to cardiomyocyte membranes leading to calcium alternans and cell death. By contrast, negatively charged, carboxyl-modified polystyrene latex nanoparticles (NegNPs) were not overtly cytotoxic but triggered formation of 50-250-nm nanopores in the membrane. Cells exposed to NegNPs revealed pro-arrhythmic events, such as delayed afterdepolarizations, reduction in conduction velocity and pathological increment of action potential duration together with an increase in ionic current throughout the membrane, carried by the nanopores. CONCLUSION The utilization of charged nanoparticles is a novel concept for targeting cardiac excitability. However, this unique nanoscopic investigation reveals an altered electrophysiological substrate, which sensitized the heart cells towards arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Miragoli
- Myocardial Function Unit, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Centre of Excellence for Toxicological Research, exISPESL- INAIL, Dept of Evolution & Functional Biology, Section of Physiology, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Pavel Novak
- Myocardial Function Unit, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pakatip Ruenraroengsak
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Andrew I Shevchuk
- Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton 3046, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yuri E Korchev
- Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Max J Lab
- Myocardial Function Unit, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Myocardial Function Unit, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 4th floor, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a scanning probe technique that utilizes the increase in access resistance that occurs if an electrolyte filled glass micro-pipette is approached towards a poorly conducting surface. Since an increase in resistance can be monitored before the physical contact between scanning probe tip and sample, this technique is particularly useful to investigate the topography of delicate samples such as living cells. SICM has shown its potential in various applications such as high resolution and long-time imaging of living cells or the determination of local changes in cellular volume. Furthermore, SICM has been combined with various techniques such as fluorescence microscopy or patch clamping to reveal localized information about proteins or protein functions. This review details the various advantages and pitfalls of SICM and provides an overview of the recent developments and applications of SICM in biological imaging. Furthermore, we show that in principle, a combination of SICM and ion selective micro-electrodes enables one to monitor the local ion activity surrounding a living cell.
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Laslau C, Williams DE, Travas-sejdic J. The application of nanopipettes to conducting polymer fabrication, imaging and electrochemical characterization. Prog Polym Sci 2012; 37:1177-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bazan C, Barba DT, Hawkins T, Nguyen H, Anderson S, Vazquez-Hidalgo E, Lemus R, Moore J, Mitchell J, Martinez J, Moore D, Larsen J, Paolini P. Contractility assessment in enzymatically isolated cardiomyocytes. Biophys Rev 2012; 4:231-243. [PMID: 28510074 PMCID: PMC5425706 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-012-0082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of enzymatically isolated cardiac myocytes is ubiquitous in modern cardiovascular research. Parallels established between cardiomyocyte shortening responses and those of intact tissue make the cardiomyocyte an invaluable experimental model of cardiac function. Much of our understanding regarding the fundamental processes underlying heart function is owed to our increasing capabilities in single-cell stimulation and direct or indirect observation, as well as quantitative analysis of such cells. Of the many important mechanisms and functions that can be readily assessed in cardiomyocytes at all stages of development, contractility is the most representative and one of the most revealing. The purpose of this review is to provide a survey of various methodological approaches in the literature used to assess adult and neonatal cardiomyocyte contractility. The various methods employed to evaluate the contractile behavior of enzymatically isolated mammalian cardiac myocytes can be conveniently divided into two general categories-those employing optical (image)-based systems and those that use transducer-based technologies. This survey is by no means complete, but we have made an effort to include the most popular methods in terms of reliability and accessibility. These techniques are in constant evolution and hold great promise for the next generation of breakthrough studies in cell biology for the prevention, treatment, and cure of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bazan
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA.
| | - David Torres Barba
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Trevor Hawkins
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Samantha Anderson
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Esteban Vazquez-Hidalgo
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Rosa Lemus
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - J'Terrell Moore
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Jeremy Mitchell
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Johanna Martinez
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Delnita Moore
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Jessica Larsen
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
| | - Paul Paolini
- Computational Science Research Center Rees-Stealy Research Foundation Laboratory, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1245, USA
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Lyon AR, Nikolaev VO, Miragoli M, Sikkel MB, Paur H, Benard L, Hulot JS, Kohlbrenner E, Hajjar RJ, Peters NS, Korchev YE, Macleod KT, Harding SE, Gorelik J. Plasticity of surface structures and β(2)-adrenergic receptor localization in failing ventricular cardiomyocytes during recovery from heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 5:357-65. [PMID: 22456061 PMCID: PMC4886822 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.111.964692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocyte surface morphology and T-tubular structure are significantly disrupted in chronic heart failure, with important functional sequelae, including redistribution of sarcolemmal β(2)-adrenergic receptors (β(2)AR) and localized secondary messenger signaling. Plasticity of these changes in the reverse remodeled failing ventricle is unknown. We used AAV9.SERCA2a gene therapy to rescue failing rat hearts and measured z-groove index, T-tubule density, and compartmentalized β(2)AR-mediated cAMP signals, using a combined nanoscale scanning ion conductance microscopy-Förster resonance energy transfer technique. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiomyocyte surface morphology, quantified by z-groove index and T-tubule density, was normalized in reverse-remodeled hearts after SERCA2a gene therapy. Recovery of sarcolemmal microstructure correlated with functional β(2)AR redistribution back into the z-groove and T-tubular network, whereas minimal cAMP responses were initiated after local β(2)AR stimulation of crest membrane, as observed in failing cardiomyocytes. Improvement of β(2)AR localization was associated with recovery of βAR-stimulated contractile responses in rescued cardiomyocytes. Retubulation was associated with reduced spatial heterogeneity of electrically stimulated calcium transients and recovery of myocardial BIN-1 and TCAP protein expression but not junctophilin-2. CONCLUSIONS In summary, abnormalities of sarcolemmal structure in heart failure show plasticity with reappearance of z-grooves and T-tubules in reverse-remodeled hearts. Recovery of surface topology is necessary for normalization of β(2)AR location and signaling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Lyon
- Myocardial Function Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a versatile type of scanning probe microscopy for studies in molecular biology and materials science. Recent advances in feedback and probe fabrication have greatly increased the resolution, stability, and speed of imaging. Noncontact imaging and the ability to deliver materials to localized areas have made SICM especially fruitful for studies of molecular biology, and many examples of such use have been reported. In this review, we highlight new developments in the operation of SICM and describe some of the most exciting recent studies from this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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46
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Abstract
Heterogeneous conductance of individual pores on a porous membrane was studied with a four-electrode scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM). Application of a potential difference across the membrane resulted in migration of ions through nanopores, where subsequent conductance changes were measured by a nanopipet positioned above the nanopore as a change in pipet current. Current responses of single-pore membranes and individual pores within a multipore membrane were examined and demonstrated variations in ion current rectification (ICR) ratios due to the small differences in pore geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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47
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Potter CMF, Schobesberger S, Lundberg MH, Weinberg PD, Mitchell JA, Gorelik J. Shape and compliance of endothelial cells after shear stress in vitro or from different aortic regions: scanning ion conductance microscopy study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31228. [PMID: 22359578 PMCID: PMC3281062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the elongation and compliance of endothelial cells subjected to different patterns of shear stress in vitro, and to compare these parameters with the elongation and compliance of endothelial cells from different regions of the intact aorta. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine aortic endothelial cells were cultured for 6 days under static conditions or on an orbital shaker. The shaker generated a wave of medium, inducing pulsatile shear stress with a preferred orientation at the edge of the well or steadier shear stress with changing orientation at its centre. The topography and compliance of these cells and cells from the inner and outer curvature of ex vivo porcine aortic arches were measured by scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM). RESULTS Cells cultured under oriented shear stress were more elongated and less compliant than cells grown under static conditions or under shear stress with no preferred orientation. Cells from the outer curvature of the aorta were more elongated and less compliant than cells from the inner curvature. CONCLUSION The elongation and compliance of cultured endothelial cells vary according to the pattern of applied shear stress, and are inversely correlated. A similar inverse correlation occurs in the aortic arch, with variation between regions thought to experience different haemodynamic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. F. Potter
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology and Functional Microscopy, Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Schobesberger
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology and Functional Microscopy, Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martina H. Lundberg
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology and Functional Microscopy, Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Weinberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A. Mitchell
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology and Functional Microscopy, Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology and Functional Microscopy, Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Miragoli M, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Sheppard MN, Salvarani N, Virta M, Wells S, Lab MJ, Nikolaev VO, Moshkov A, Hague WM, Rohr S, Williamson C, Gorelik J. A protective antiarrhythmic role of ursodeoxycholic acid in an in vitro rat model of the cholestatic fetal heart. Hepatology 2011; 54:1282-92. [PMID: 21809354 PMCID: PMC4900448 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy may be complicated by fetal arrhythmia, fetal hypoxia, preterm labor, and, in severe cases, intrauterine death. The precise etiology of fetal death is not known. However, taurocholate has been demonstrated to cause arrhythmia and abnormal calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes. To identify the underlying reason for increased susceptibility of fetal cardiomyocytes to arrhythmia, we studied myofibroblasts (MFBs), which appear during structural remodeling of the adult diseased heart. In vitro, they depolarize rat cardiomyocytes via heterocellular gap junctional coupling. Recently, it has been hypothesized that ventricular MFBs might appear in the developing human heart, triggered by physiological fetal hypoxia. However, their presence in the fetal heart (FH) and their proarrhythmogenic effects have not been systematically characterized. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ventricular MFBs transiently appear in the human FH during gestation. We established two in vitro models of the maternal heart (MH) and FH, both exposed to increasing doses of taurocholate. The MH model consisted of confluent strands of rat cardiomyocytes, whereas for the FH model, we added cardiac MFBs on top of cardiomyocytes. Taurocholate in the FH model, but not in the MH model, slowed conduction velocity from 19 to 9 cm/s, induced early after depolarizations, and resulted in sustained re-entrant arrhythmias. These arrhythmic events were prevented by ursodeoxycholic acid, which hyperpolarized MFB membrane potential by modulating potassium conductance. CONCLUSION These results illustrate that the appearance of MFBs in the FH may contribute to arrhythmias. The above-described mechanism represents a new therapeutic approach for cardiac arrhythmias at the level of MFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Miragoli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | | | - Mary N. Sheppard
- Dept. of Histopathology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street London SW3 6NP
| | - Nicolό Salvarani
- Dept. of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, CH
| | - Matilda Virta
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Sarah Wells
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Max J. Lab
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | | | - Alexey Moshkov
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - William M Hague
- Dept of Obstetrics, University of Adelaide, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Stephan Rohr
- Dept. of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, CH
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
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