1
|
Jin P, Xu M, Yang Q, Zhang J. The influence of stand composition and season on canopy structure and understory light environment in different subtropical montane Pinus massoniana forests. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17067. [PMID: 38500522 PMCID: PMC10946397 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Canopy structure and understory light have important effects on forest productivity and the growth and distribution of the understory. However, the effects of stand composition and season on canopy structure and understory light environment (ULE) in the subtropical mountain Pinus massoniana forest system are poorly understood. In this study, the natural secondary P. massoniana-Castanopsis eyrei mixed forest (MF) and P. massoniana plantation forest (PF) were investigated. The study utilized Gap Light Analyzer 2.0 software to process photographs, extracting two key canopy parameters, canopy openness (CO) and leaf area index (LAI). Additionally, data on the transmitted direct (Tdir), diffuse (Tdif), and total (Ttot) radiation in the light environment were obtained. Seasonal variations in canopy structure, the ULE, and spatial heterogeneity were analyzed in the two P. massoniana forest stands. The results showed highly significant (P < 0.01) differences in canopy structure and ULE indices among different P. massoniana forest types and seasons. CO and ULE indices (Tdir, Tdif, and Ttot) were significantly lower in the MF than in the PF, while LAI was notably higher in the MF than in the PF. CO was lower in summer than in winter, and both LAI and ULE indices were markedly higher in summer than in winter. In addition, canopy structure and ULE indices varied significantly among different types of P. massoniana stands. The LAI heterogeneity was lower in the MF than in the PF, and Tdir heterogeneity was higher in summer than in winter. Meanwhile, canopy structure and ULE indices were predominantly influenced by structural factors, with spatial correlations at the 10 m scale. Our results revealed that forest type and season were important factors affecting canopy structure, ULE characteristics, and heterogeneity of P. massoniana forests in subtropical mountains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiupu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kinzinger L, Mach J, Haberstroh S, Schindler Z, Frey J, Dubbert M, Seeger S, Seifert T, Weiler M, Orlowski N, Werner C. Interaction between beech and spruce trees in temperate forests affects water use, root water uptake pattern and canopy structure. Tree Physiol 2024; 44:tpad144. [PMID: 38070177 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Beneficial and negative effects of species interactions can strongly influence water fluxes in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how trees dynamically adjust their water use when growing with interspecific neighbours. Therefore, we investigated the interaction effects between Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) on water-use strategies and aboveground structural characteristics. We used continuous in situ isotope spectroscopy of xylem and soil water to investigate source water dynamics and root water uptake depths. Picea abies exhibited a reduced sun-exposed crown area in equally mixed compared with spruce-dominated sites, which was further correlated to a reduction in sap flow of -14.5 ± 8.2%. Contrarily, F. sylvatica trees showed +13.3 ± 33.3% higher water fluxes in equally mixed compared with beech-dominated forest sites. Although a significantly higher crown interference by neighbouring trees was observed, no correlation of water fluxes and crown structure was found. High time-resolved xylem δ2H values showed a large plasticity of tree water use (-74.1 to -28.5‰), reflecting the δ2H dynamics of soil and especially precipitation water sources. Fagus sylvatica in equally mixed sites shifted water uptake to deeper soil layers, while uptake of fresh precipitation was faster in beech-dominated sites. Our continuous in situ water stable isotope measurements traced root water uptake dynamics at unprecedented temporal resolution, indicating highly dynamic use of water sources in response to precipitation and to neighbouring species competition. Understanding this plasticity may be highly relevant in the context of increasing water scarcity and precipitation variability under climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kinzinger
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Judith Mach
- Chair of Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, 79089 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Haberstroh
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoe Schindler
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Frey
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maren Dubbert
- IBG, PB 1 'Landschaftsprozesse', Leibniz Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e. V, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Seeger
- Chair of Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, 79089 Freiburg, Germany
- Soil Physics, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077 Gottingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Seifert
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, Bosman Street, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Markus Weiler
- Chair of Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, 79089 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Orlowski
- Chair of Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, 79089 Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Site Ecology and Plant Nutrition, Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, TU Dresden, Pienner Strasse 19, Tharandt 01737, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Didion-Gency M, Vitasse Y, Buchmann N, Gessler A, Gisler J, Schaub M, Grossiord C. Chronic warming and dry soils limit carbon uptake and growth despite a longer growing season in beech and oak. Plant Physiol 2024; 194:741-757. [PMID: 37874743 PMCID: PMC10828195 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Progressively warmer and drier climatic conditions impact tree phenology and carbon cycling with large consequences for forest carbon balance. However, it remains unclear how individual impacts of warming and drier soils differ from their combined effects and how species interactions modulate tree responses. Using mesocosms, we assessed the multiyear impact of continuous air warming and lower soil moisture alone or in combination on phenology, leaf-level photosynthesis, nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations, and aboveground growth of young European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) trees. We further tested how species interactions (in monocultures and in mixtures) modulated these effects. Warming prolonged the growing season of both species but reduced growth in oak. In contrast, lower moisture did not impact phenology but reduced carbon assimilation and growth in both species. Combined impacts of warming and drier soils did not differ from their single effects. Under warmer and drier conditions, performances of both species were enhanced in mixtures compared to monocultures. Our work revealed that higher temperature and lower soil moisture have contrasting impacts on phenology vs. leaf-level assimilation and growth, with the former being driven by temperature and the latter by moisture. Furthermore, we showed a compensation in the negative impacts of chronic heat and drought by tree species interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Didion-Gency
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Gisler
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wan X, Joly FX, Jia H, Zhu M, Fu Y, Huang Z. Functional identity drives tree species richness-induced increases in litterfall production and forest floor mass in young tree communities. New Phytol 2023; 240:1003-1014. [PMID: 37606255 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Forest floor accumulation is a key process that influences ecosystem carbon cycling. Despite evidence suggesting that tree diversity and soil carbon are positively correlated, most soil carbon studies typically omit the response of the forest floor carbon to tree diversity loss. Here, we evaluated how tree species richness affects forest floor mass and how this effect is mediated by litterfall production and forest floor decay rate in a tree diversity experiment in a subtropical forest. We observed that greater tree species richness leads to higher forest floor accumulation at the soil surface through increasing litterfall production - positively linked to functional trait identity (i.e. community-weighted mean functional trait) rather than functional diversity - and unchanged forest floor decay. Interestingly, structural equation modelling revealed that this lack of overall significant tree species richness effect on forest floor decay rate was due to two indirect and opposite effects cancelling each other out. Indeed, tree species richness increased forest floor decay rate through increasing litterfall production while decreasing forest floor decay rate by increasing litter species richness. Our reports of greater organic matter accumulation in the forest floor in species-rich forests suggest that tree diversity may have long-term and important effect on ecosystem carbon cycling and services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - François-Xavier Joly
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yanrong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Zhiqun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Veryard R, Wu J, O’Brien MJ, Anthony R, Both S, Burslem DF, Chen B, Fernandez-Miranda Cagigal E, Godfray HCJ, Godoong E, Liang S, Saner P, Schmid B, Sau Wai Y, Xie J, Reynolds G, Hector A. Positive effects of tree diversity on tropical forest restoration in a field-scale experiment. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf0938. [PMID: 37713486 PMCID: PMC10846868 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Experiments under controlled conditions have established that ecosystem functioning is generally positively related to levels of biodiversity, but it is unclear how widespread these effects are in real-world settings and whether they can be harnessed for ecosystem restoration. We used remote-sensing data from the first decade of a long-term, field-scale tropical restoration experiment initiated in 2002 to test how the diversity of planted trees affected recovery of a 500-ha area of selectively logged forest measured using multiple sources of satellite data. Replanting using species-rich mixtures of tree seedlings with higher phylogenetic and functional diversity accelerated restoration of remotely sensed estimates of aboveground biomass, canopy cover, and leaf area index. Our results are consistent with a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the lowland dipterocarp rainforests of SE Asia and demonstrate that using diverse mixtures of species can enhance their initial recovery after logging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Veryard
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Jinhui Wu
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China
| | - Michael J. O’Brien
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Rosila Anthony
- Sabah Forestry Department, 90000 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sabine Both
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - David F.R.P. Burslem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drives, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Bin Chen
- Division of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Elia Godoong
- Faculty of Tropical Forestry, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Shunlin Liang
- Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philippe Saner
- Rhino and Forest Fund e.V., Auf dem Stein 2, D-77694 Kehl, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yap Sau Wai
- Conservation and Environmental Management Division, Yayasan Sabah Group, 88817 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jun Xie
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Glen Reynolds
- The South East Asia Rainforest Research Partnership (SEARRP), Danum Valley Field Centre, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmed S, Sarker SK, Kamruzzaman M, Ema JA, Saagulo Naabeh CS, Cudjoe E, Chowdhury FI, Pretzsch H. How biotic, abiotic, and functional variables drive belowground soil carbon stocks along stress gradient in the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest? J Environ Manage 2023; 337:117772. [PMID: 36958279 PMCID: PMC10109099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests, some of the most carbon-dense ecosystems on Earth, play an important role in climate change mitigation through storing carbon in the soil. However, increasing anthropogenic pressures and sea level rise are likely to alter mangrove forest structure and functions, including the major source of carbon in mangrove ecosystems - below-ground soil carbon stocks (BSCS). Although estimating soil carbon stocks has been a popular practice in the mangroves, but poorly understood the (I) the linkage between BSCS and key ecosystem drivers (i.e., biotic, abiotic, and functional) and in (II) determining the pathways of how BSCS and multiple forest variables interact along stress gradients. This lack of understanding limits our ability to predict ecosystem carbon dynamics under future changes in climate. Here, we aimed to understand how abiotic factors (such as salinity, canopy gap fraction, nutrients, and soil pH), biotic factors (e.g., structural parameters, canopy packing, and leaf area index, LAI), and forest functional variables (e.g., growth and aboveground biomass stocks, AGB) affect BSCS (i.e., soil organic carbon, SOC, and root carbon, RC) using spatiotemporal data collected from the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest (SMF) in Bangladesh. We observed that BSCS decreased significantly with increasing salinity (e.g., from 70.6 Mg C ha-1 in the low-saline zone to 44.6 Mg C ha-1 in the high-saline zone). In contrast, the availability of several macronutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium), LAI, species diversity, AGB, and growth showed a significant positive effect on SOC and RC. Stand properties, including tree height, basal area, density, canopy packing, and structural diversity, had a non-significant but positive impact on RC, while tree height and basal area significantly influenced SOC. Pathway analysis showed that salinity affects BSCS variability directly and indirectly by regulating stand structure and restricting nutrients and forest functions, although basal area, nutrients, and LAI directly enhance RC stocks. Our results indicate that an increase in nutrient content, canopy density, species diversity, and leaf area index can enhance BSCS, as they improve forest functions and contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmed
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Swapan Kumar Sarker
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamruzzaman
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Juthika Afneen Ema
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Barishal University, Barishal-8200, Bangladesh
| | - Clement Sullibie Saagulo Naabeh
- Institute of Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, International Programmes Office, MR39+C4X, Annie Jiagge Rd, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eric Cudjoe
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestales, E.T.S de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
| | - Faqrul Islam Chowdhury
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh; CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan P, He N, Yu K, Xu L, Van Meerbeek K. Integrating multiple plant functional traits to predict ecosystem productivity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:239. [PMID: 36869238 PMCID: PMC9984401 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying and predicting variation in gross primary productivity (GPP) is important for accurate assessment of the ecosystem carbon budget under global change. Scaling traits to community scales for predicting ecosystem functions (i.e., GPP) remain challenging, while it is promising and well appreciated with the rapid development of trait-based ecology. In this study, we aim to integrate multiple plant traits with the recently developed trait-based productivity (TBP) theory, verify it via Bayesian structural equation modeling (SEM) and complementary independent effect analysis. We further distinguish the relative importance of different traits in explaining the variation in GPP. We apply the TBP theory based on plant community traits to a multi-trait dataset containing more than 13,000 measurements of approximately 2,500 species in Chinese forest and grassland systems. Remarkably, our SEM accurately predicts variation in annual and monthly GPP across China (R2 values of 0.87 and 0.73, respectively). Plant community traits play a key role. This study shows that integrating multiple plant functional traits into the TBP theory strengthens the quantification of ecosystem primary productivity variability and further advances understanding of the trait-productivity relationship. Our findings facilitate integration of the growing plant trait data into future ecological models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Kailiang Yu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Daxing'anling, 165200, China
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Zhai Y, Yang W, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang K, Liu X, Cui K, Wang H, Zheng P, Wang R. Drivers of aboveground biomass shift with forest stratum in temperate forest of North China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160548. [PMID: 36455727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the underlying ecological mechanisms of diversity-biomass relationships in forest layers (i.e., overstory and understory) is critical to understand the importance of vertical stratification to the functioning of forest ecosystems. However, it is not clear how multiple abiotic (i.e., climate and geography) and biological (i.e., biodiversity, functional characteristics, and stand structural complexity) factors simultaneously determine the aboveground biomass (AGB) of each individual forest stratum. We used data on 156,270 trees from 1986 plots in North China to explore the relationships among biological diversity, plant functional traits, stand structure, climate and topography on variation in AGB of each stratum. The results showed that different biological factors determined the AGB of overstory and understory, and thus indicating different underlying ecological mechanisms in temperate forests. The effects of forest biodiversity on AGB were only significant in understory stratum. In the overstory of the forest, forests with high tree-size dimension inequality and high dominant tree height had larger AGB, hence mass ratio effect and stand structure complexity were the main ecological mechanisms for high biomass. In understory, diversity and overstory attributes were the main factors affecting biomass. Tree height and AGB of the overstory reduced the AGB of the understory layer. In consequence overstory attributes and niche complementation were the main ecological mechanisms in the understory. The overstory exerted influence on the understory through resource quantity and resource heterogeneity. Our findings have important implications for carbon management, enhancement of forest functions and sustainable forest management in temperate forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yinuo Zhai
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kening Cui
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Peiming Zheng
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Renqing Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Forest Ecology Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Desie E, Zuo J, Verheyen K, Djukic I, Van Meerbeek K, Auge H, Barsoum N, Baum C, Bruelheide H, Eisenhauer N, Feldhaar H, Ferlian O, Gravel D, Jactel H, Schmidt IK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Meredieu C, Mereu S, Messier C, Morillas L, Nock C, Paquette A, Ponette Q, Reich PB, Roales J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Seitz S, Schmidt A, Stefanski A, Trogisch S, Halder IV, Weih M, Williams LJ, Yang B, Muys B. Disentangling drivers of litter decomposition in a multi-continent network of tree diversity experiments. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159717. [PMID: 36302436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Litter decomposition is a key ecosystem function in forests and varies in response to a range of climatic, edaphic, and local stand characteristics. Disentangling the relative contribution of these factors is challenging, especially along large environmental gradients. In particular, knowledge of the effect of management options, such as tree planting density and species composition, on litter decomposition would be highly valuable in forestry. In this study, we made use of 15 tree diversity experiments spread over eight countries and three continents within the global TreeDivNet network. We evaluated the effects of overstory composition (tree identity, species/mixture composition and species richness), plantation conditions (density and age), and climate (temperature and precipitation) on mass loss (after 3 months and 1 year) of two standardized litters: high-quality green tea and low-quality rooibos tea. Across continents, we found that early-stage decomposition of the low-quality rooibos tea was influenced locally by overstory tree identity. Mass loss of rooibos litter was higher under young gymnosperm overstories compared to angiosperm overstories, but this trend reversed with age of the experiment. Tree species richness did not influence decomposition and explained almost no variation in our multi-continent dataset. Hence, in the young plantations of our study, overstory composition effects on decomposition were mainly driven by tree species identity on decomposer communities and forest microclimates. After 12 months of incubation, mass loss of the high-quality green tea litter was mainly influenced by temperature whereas the low-quality rooibos tea litter decomposition showed stronger relationships with overstory composition and stand age. Our findings highlight that decomposition dynamics are not only affected by climate but also by management options, via litter quality of the identity of planted trees but also by overstory composition and structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Desie
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E - box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Juan Zuo
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E - box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University; Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Ika Djukic
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E - box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Harald Auge
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadia Barsoum
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Christel Baum
- Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRAE, Université Bordeaux, Biogeco, F-33612 Cestas, France
| | - Inger Kappel Schmidt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Simone Mereu
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la BioEconomia, CNR-IBE, Traversa la Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Christian Messier
- Département des sciences naturelles and Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), 58 rue Principale, Ripon, QC J0V 1V0, Canada
| | - Lourdes Morillas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Charles Nock
- Department of Renewables Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth & Life Institute, UCLouvain - Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.24, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, 2753, Australia; Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Javier Roales
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Seitz
- Universität Tübingen, Institute of Geography, Department of Geosciences, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Stefan Trogisch
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Martin Weih
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura J Williams
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, 2753, Australia
| | - Bo Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen, 333400, China
| | - Bart Muys
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E - box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ali S, Khan SM, Ahmad Z, Siddiq Z, Ullah A, Yoo S, Han H, Raposo A. Carbon sequestration potential of different forest types in Pakistan and its role in regulating services for public health. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1064586. [PMID: 36711385 PMCID: PMC9881653 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1064586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A high amount of CO2 causes numerous health effects, including headaches, restlessness, difficulty in breathing, increased heart rate, high blood pressure, asphyxia, and dizziness. This issue of increasing atmospheric CO2 can only be solved via above-ground and below-ground carbon sequestration (CS). This study was designed to determine the relationship between CS with the crown area (CA), diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), species richness (SR), and elevation in different forest types of Pakistan with the following specific objectives: (1) to quantify the direct and indirect relationship of carbon sequestration with CA, DBH, H, and SR in various natural forest types and (2) to evaluate the effect of elevation on the trees functional traits and resultant CS. We used the linear structural equation model (SEM) for each conceptual model. Our results confirmed that the highest CS potential was recorded for dry temperate conifer forests (DTCF) i.e., 52.67%, followed by moist temperate mix forests (MTMF) and sub-tropical broad-leaved forests (STBLF). The SEM further described the carbon sequestration variation, i.e., 57, 32, 19, and 16% under the influence of CA (β = 0.90 and P-value < 0.001), H (β = 0.13 and p-value = 0.05), DBH (β = 0.07 and p-value = 0.005), and SR (β = -0.55 and p-value = 0.001), respectively. The individual direct effect of SR on carbon sequestration has been negative and significant. At the same time, the separate effect of CA, DBH, and H had a positive and significant effect on carbon sequestration. The remaining 20% of CS variations are indirectly influenced by elevation. This means that elevation affects carbon sequestration indirectly through CA, DBH, H, and SR, i.e., β = 0.133 and P-value < 0.166, followed by β = 0.531 and P-value < 0.001, β = 0.007 and P-value < 0.399, and β = -0.32 and P-value < 0.001, respectively. It is concluded that abiotic factors mainly determined carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems along with the elevation gradients in Pakistan. Quantifying the role of various forest types in carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction leads to improved air quality, which positively impacts human health. This is an imperative and novel study that links the dynamics of the biosphere and atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shujaul Mulk Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Member Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Siddiq
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abd Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sunghoon Yoo
- Audit Team, Hanmoo Convention (Oakwood Premier), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahmed S, Sarker SK, Friess DA, Kamruzzaman M, Jacobs M, Islam MA, Alam MA, Suvo MJ, Sani MNH, Dey T, Naabeh CSS, Pretzsch H. Salinity reduces site quality and mangrove forest functions. From monitoring to understanding. Sci Total Environ 2022; 853:158662. [PMID: 36089020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves continue to be threatened across their range by a mix of anthropogenic and climate change-related stress. Climate change-induced salinity is likely to alter the structure and functions of highly productive mangrove systems. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how rising salinity affects forest structure and functions because of the limited availability of mangrove field data. Therefore, based on extensive spatiotemporal mangrove data covering a large-scale salinity gradient, collected from the world's largest single tract mangrove ecosystem - the Bangladesh Sundarbans, we, aimed to examine (QI) how rising salinity influences forest structure (e.g., stand density, diversity, leaf area index (LAI), etc.), functions (e.g., carbon stocks, forest growth), nutrients availability, and functional traits (e.g., specific leaf area, wood density). We also wanted to know (QII) how forest functions interact (direct vs. indirect) with biotic (i.e., stand structure, species richness, etc.) and abiotic factors (salinity, nutrients, light availability, etc.). We also asked (QIII) whether the functional variable decreases disproportionately with salinity and applied the power-law (i.e., Y = a Xb) to the salinity and functional variable relationships. In this study, we found that rises in salinity significantly impede forest growth and produce less productive ecosystems dominated by dwarf species while reducing stand structural properties (i.e., tree height, basal area, dominant tree height, LAI), soil carbon (organic and root carbon), and macronutrient availability in the soil (e.g., NH4+, P, and K). Besides, species-specific leaf area (related to resource acquisition) also decreased with salinity, whereas wood density (related to resource conservation) increased. We observed a declining abundance of the salt-intolerant climax species (Heritiera fomes) and dominance of the salt-tolerant species (Excoecaria agallocha, Ceriops decandra) in the high saline areas. In the case of biotic and abiotic factors, salinity and salinity-driven gap fraction (high transmission of light) had a strong negative impact on functional variables, while nutrients and LAI had a positive impact. In addition, the power-law explained the consistent decline of functional variables with salinity. Our study disentangles the negative effects of salinity on site quality in the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, and we recognize that nutrient availability and LAI are likely to buffer the less salt-tolerant species to maintain the ability to sequester carbon with sea-level rise. These novel findings advance our understanding of how a single stressor-salinity-can shape mangrove structure, functions, and productivity and offer decision makers a much-needed scientific basis for developing pragmatic ecosystem management and conservation plans in highly stressed coastal ecosystems across the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmed
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Swapan Kumar Sarker
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Geography, 1 Arts Link, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore
| | - Md Kamruzzaman
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Martin Jacobs
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Md Akramul Islam
- Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Bangladesh
| | - Md Azharul Alam
- Department of Pest Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Mohammad Jamil Suvo
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional Science and Environmental Management, Justus Liebig University, Bismarckstraße 24, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Tanmoy Dey
- Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Bangladesh
| | - Clement Sullibie Saagulo Naabeh
- Institute of Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, International Programmes Office, MR39+C4X, Annie Jiagge Rd, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sabot MEB, De Kauwe MG, Pitman AJ, Ellsworth DS, Medlyn BE, Caldararu S, Zaehle S, Crous KY, Gimeno TE, Wujeska-Klause A, Mu M, Yang J. Predicting resilience through the lens of competing adjustments to vegetation function. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:2744-2761. [PMID: 35686437 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to better understand ecosystem resilience to droughts and heatwaves. Eco-evolutionary optimization approaches have been proposed as means to build this understanding in land surface models and improve their predictive capability, but competing approaches are yet to be tested together. Here, we coupled approaches that optimize canopy gas exchange and leaf nitrogen investment, respectively, extending both approaches to account for hydraulic impairment. We assessed model predictions using observations from a native Eucalyptus woodland that experienced repeated droughts and heatwaves between 2013 and 2020, whilst exposed to an elevated [CO2 ] treatment. Our combined approaches improved predictions of transpiration and enhanced the simulated magnitude of the CO2 fertilization effect on gross primary productivity. The competing approaches also worked consistently along axes of change in soil moisture, leaf area, and [CO2 ]. Despite predictions of a significant percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity due to embolism (PLC) in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017 (99th percentile PLC > 45%), simulated hydraulic legacy effects were small and short-lived (2 months). Our analysis suggests that leaf shedding and/or suppressed foliage growth formed a strategy to mitigate drought risk. Accounting for foliage responses to water availability has the potential to improve model predictions of ecosystem resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon E B Sabot
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy J Pitman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Michael Stifel Center Jena for Data-driven and Simulation Science, Jena, Germany
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Teresa E Gimeno
- CREAF, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Wujeska-Klause
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Urban Studies, School of Social Sciences, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mengyuan Mu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jucker T, Fischer FJ, Chave J, Coomes DA, Caspersen J, Ali A, Loubota Panzou GJ, Feldpausch TR, Falster D, Usoltsev VA, Adu‐Bredu S, Alves LF, Aminpour M, Angoboy IB, Anten NPR, Antin C, Askari Y, Muñoz R, Ayyappan N, Balvanera P, Banin L, Barbier N, Battles JJ, Beeckman H, Bocko YE, Bond‐Lamberty B, Bongers F, Bowers S, Brade T, van Breugel M, Chantrain A, Chaudhary R, Dai J, Dalponte M, Dimobe K, Domec J, Doucet J, Duursma RA, Enríquez M, van Ewijk KY, Farfán‐Rios W, Fayolle A, Forni E, Forrester DI, Gilani H, Godlee JL, Gourlet‐Fleury S, Haeni M, Hall JS, He J, Hemp A, Hernández‐Stefanoni JL, Higgins SI, Holdaway RJ, Hussain K, Hutley LB, Ichie T, Iida Y, Jiang H, Joshi PR, Kaboli H, Larsary MK, Kenzo T, Kloeppel BD, Kohyama T, Kunwar S, Kuyah S, Kvasnica J, Lin S, Lines ER, Liu H, Lorimer C, Loumeto J, Malhi Y, Marshall PL, Mattsson E, Matula R, Meave JA, Mensah S, Mi X, Momo S, Moncrieff GR, Mora F, Nissanka SP, O'Hara KL, Pearce S, Pelissier R, Peri PL, Ploton P, Poorter L, Pour MJ, Pourbabaei H, Dupuy‐Rada JM, Ribeiro SC, Ryan C, Sanaei A, Sanger J, Schlund M, Sellan G, Shenkin A, Sonké B, Sterck FJ, Svátek M, Takagi K, Trugman AT, Ullah F, Vadeboncoeur MA, Valipour A, Vanderwel MC, Vovides AG, Wang W, Wang L, Wirth C, Woods M, Xiang W, Ximenes FDA, Xu Y, Yamada T, Zavala MA. Tallo: A global tree allometry and crown architecture database. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:5254-5268. [PMID: 35703577 PMCID: PMC9542605 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research-from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non-forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC-BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599. To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology-from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB)UMR 5174 (CNRS/IRD/UPS)Toulouse Cedex 9France
- Université ToulouseToulouse Cedex 9France
| | - David A. Coomes
- Conservation Research InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John Caspersen
- Institute of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Arshad Ali
- Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou
- Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechGemblouxBelgium
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement (LBGE), Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Ted R. Feldpausch
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Daniel Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research CentreUniversity of New South Wales SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vladimir A. Usoltsev
- Department of ForestryUral State Forest Engineering UniversityYekaterinburgRussia
- Department of Forest DynamicsBotanical Garden of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Stephen Adu‐Bredu
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial ResearchUniversityKumasiGhana
| | - Luciana F. Alves
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mohammad Aminpour
- Natural Recourses and Watershed Management Office, West Azerbaijan ProvinceUrmiaIran
| | - Ilondea B. Angoboy
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche AgronimiquesDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Niels P. R. Anten
- Center for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Cécile Antin
- AMAP LabMontpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAEMontpellierFrance
| | - Yousef Askari
- Research Division of Natural Resources, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEOYasoujIran
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CoyoacánCiudad de MéxicoMexico
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico
| | | | - Nicolas Barbier
- AMAP LabMontpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAEMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Yannick E. Bocko
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement (LBGE), Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Ben Bond‐Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research InstituteCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Samuel Bowers
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Thomas Brade
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- Yale‐NUS CollegeSingapore
- ForestGEOSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartadoPanamaRepublic of Panama
- Department of GeographyNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Rajeev Chaudhary
- Division Forest OfficeMinistry of ForestDhangadhiSudurpashchim ProvinceNepal
| | - Jingyu Dai
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Michele Dalponte
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Kangbéni Dimobe
- Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement et du Développement Rural (ISEDR)Université de DédougouDédougouBurkina Faso
| | - Jean‐Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro‐UMR ISPA, INRAEBordeauxFrance
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | | | | | - Moisés Enríquez
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CoyoacánCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Karin Y. van Ewijk
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Eric Forni
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et SociétésMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Hammad Gilani
- Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad HighwayIslamabadPakistan
| | | | | | - Matthias Haeni
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Jefferson S. Hall
- ForestGEOSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartadoPanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Jie‐Kun He
- Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Andreas Hemp
- Department of Plant SystematicsUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | | | | | | | - Kiramat Hussain
- Gilgit‐Baltistan Forest Wildlife and Environment DepartmentGilgitPakistan
| | - Lindsay B. Hutley
- Research Institute for the Environment & LivelihoodsCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuKochiJapan
| | - Yoshiko Iida
- Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Hai‐sheng Jiang
- Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | | | - Hasan Kaboli
- Faculty of Desert Studies Semnan UniversitySemnanIran
| | | | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Brian D. Kloeppel
- Department of Geosciences and Natural ResourcesWestern Carolina UniversityCullowheeNorth CarolinaUSA
- Graduate School and ResearchWestern Carolina UnversityCullowheeNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Takashi Kohyama
- Faculty of Environmental Earth ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Suwash Kunwar
- Division Forest OfficeMinistry of ForestDhangadhiSudurpashchim ProvinceNepal
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Shem Kuyah
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT)NairobiKenya
| | - Jakub Kvasnica
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Siliang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Emily R. Lines
- Department of GeographyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Craig Lorimer
- Department of Forest and Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Jean‐Joël Loumeto
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement (LBGE), Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Peter L. Marshall
- Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Eskil Mattsson
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research InstituteGöteborgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), GothenburgSweden
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CoyoacánCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Sylvanus Mensah
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d'Abomey CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Stéphane Momo
- AMAP LabMontpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAEMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Ecole Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Glenn R. Moncrieff
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation NetworkClaremontSouth Africa
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico
| | - Sarath P. Nissanka
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka
| | | | | | - Raphaël Pelissier
- AMAP LabMontpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAEMontpellierFrance
| | - Pablo L. Peri
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) ‐ Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) ‐ CONICETRío GallegosSanta CruzArgentina
| | - Pierre Ploton
- AMAP LabMontpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAEMontpellierFrance
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Hassan Pourbabaei
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of GuilanSomehsaraIran
| | - Juan Manuel Dupuy‐Rada
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos NaturalesMéridaYucatánMexico
| | - Sabina C. Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da NaturezaUniversidade Federal do Acre, Campus UniversitárioRio BrancoBrazil
| | - Casey Ryan
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Anvar Sanaei
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Michael Schlund
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo‐information Science and Earth Observation (ITC)University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Sellan
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRSKourouFrench Guiana
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Alexander Shenkin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Ecole Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Frank J. Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Field Science Center for Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversityHoronobeJapan
| | - Anna T. Trugman
- Department of GeographyUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Farman Ullah
- Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | | | - Ahmad Valipour
- Department of Forestry and The Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros ForestryUniversity of KurdistanErbilIran
| | | | - Alejandra G. Vovides
- School of Geographical and Earth SciencesUniversity of Glasgow, East QuadrangleGlasgowUK
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li‐Qiu Wang
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Christian Wirth
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of BiologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Murray Woods
- Ontario Ministry of Natural ResourcesNorth BayOntarioCanada
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangshaHunanChina
| | | | - Yaozhan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed EcologyWuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Toshihiro Yamada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences of LifeHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Miguel A. Zavala
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group (FORECO), Departamento de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad de AlcaláMadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xue X, Jin S, An F, Zhang H, Fan J, Eichhorn MP, Jin C, Chen B, Jiang L, Yun T. Shortwave Radiation Calculation for Forest Plots Using Airborne LiDAR Data and Computer Graphics. Plant Phenomics 2022; 2022:9856739. [PMID: 35935676 PMCID: PMC9327587 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9856739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forested environments feature a highly complex radiation regime, and solar radiation is hindered from penetrating into the forest by the 3D canopy structure; hence, canopy shortwave radiation varies spatiotemporally, seasonally, and meteorologically, making the radiant flux challenging to both measure and model. Here, we developed a synergetic method using airborne LiDAR data and computer graphics to model the forest canopy and calculate the radiant fluxes of three forest plots (conifer, broadleaf, and mixed). Directional incident solar beams were emitted according to the solar altitude and azimuth angles, and the forest canopy surface was decomposed into triangular elements. A ray tracing algorithm was utilized to simulate the propagation of reflected and transmitted beams within the forest canopy. Our method accurately modeled the solar radiant fluxes and demonstrated good agreement (R 2 ≥ 0.82) with the plot-scale results of hemispherical photo-based HPEval software and pyranometer measurements. The maximum incident radiant flux appeared in the conifer plot at noon on June 15 due to the largest solar altitude angle (81.21°) and dense clustering of tree crowns; the conifer plot also received the maximum reflected radiant flux (10.91-324.65 kW) due to the higher reflectance of coniferous trees and the better absorption of reflected solar beams. However, the broadleaf plot received more transmitted radiant flux (37.7-226.71 kW) for the trees in the shaded area due to the larger transmittance of broadleaf species. Our method can directly simulate the detailed plot-scale distribution of canopy radiation and is valuable for researching light-dependent biophysiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Xue
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Forestry College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shichao Jin
- Plant Phenomics Research Centre, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Cosponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng An
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Danzhou Investigation and Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, China
| | - Huaiqing Zhang
- Research Institute of Forestry Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiangchuan Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Markus P. Eichhorn
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork T23 N73K, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Chengye Jin
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bangqian Chen
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Danzhou Investigation and Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Danzhou, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ting Yun
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Forestry College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bourdin A, Bord S, Durand J, Galon C, Moutailler S, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Jactel H. Forest Diversity Reduces the Prevalence of Pathogens Transmitted by the Tick Ixodes ricinus. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.891908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases represent the majority of vector-borne human diseases in Europe, with Ixodes ricinus, mostly present in forests, as the main vector. Studies show that vertebrate hosts diversification would decrease the prevalence of these pathogens. However, it is not well known whether habitat diversity can have similar impact on ticks and their infection rates. We measured the presence and abundance of different stages of I. ricinus, and the prevalence of associated pathogens in a large-scale forest experiment in which we manipulated tree diversity and moisture level. We showed that larval abundance was influenced by tree species identity, with larvae being more present in pine plots than in oak plots, while nymph abundance increased with canopy tree density. The proportion of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.-infected nymphs decreased with increasing tree diversity. Our findings suggest that tree overstorey composition, structure and diversity, can affect tick abundance and pathogen prevalence. They support the idea that forest habitats may have “diluting” or “amplifying” effects on tick-borne diseases with direct relevance for human health.
Collapse
|
16
|
Perles-garcia MD, Kunz M, Fichtner A, Meyer N, Härdtle W, von Oheimb G. Neighbourhood Species Richness Reduces Crown Asymmetry of Subtropical Trees in Sloping Terrain. Remote Sensing 2022; 14:1441. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Reforestation in sloping terrain is an important measure for soil erosion control and sustainable watershed management. The mechanical stability of such reforested stands, however, can be low due to a strong asymmetric shape of tree crowns. We investigated how neighbourhood tree species richness, neighbourhood pressure, tree height, and slope inclination affect crown asymmetry in a large-scale plantation biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiment in subtropical China (BEF-China) over eight years. We took the advantage of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurements, which provide non-destructive, high-resolution data of tree structure without altering tree interactions. Neighbourhood species richness significantly reduced crown asymmetry, and this effect became stronger at steeper slopes. Our results suggest that tree diversity promotes the mechanical stability of forest stands in sloping terrain and highlight the importance of TLS-data for a comprehensive understanding of the role of tree diversity in modulating crown interactions in mixed-species forest plantations.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jia B, Guo W, He J, Sun M, Chai L, Liu J, Wang X. Topography, Diversity, and Forest Structure Attributes Drive Aboveground Carbon Storage in Different Forest Types in Northeast China. Forests 2022; 13:455. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Forests regulate air quality and respond to climate change by storing carbon. Assessing the driving factors of forest aboveground carbon (AGC) storage is of great importance for forest management. We assumed that different forest types would affect the relationship between species richness, stand density, individual tree size variation, and AGC. In order to test and verify it, we analyzed the inventory data of 206 fixed plots (20 m × 20 m) of Jingouling Forest Farm, taking advantage of the piecewise structural equation model (pSEM) to explore the effects of species diversity, stand structure attributes, and topography on the AGC storage in the Wangqing Forest in Jilin Province. In addition, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether the fixed factors (species diversity, stand structure attributes, and topography) influenced AGC storage more significantly than the random factor (forest type). According to the results of pSEM, the selected factors jointly explain the impact on 33% of AGC storage. The relationship between stand density and AGC is positive, and the impact of individual tree size variation on AGC storage is negative. Species richness has direct and indirect impacts on AGC storage, and the indirect impact is more significant through individual tree size variation. Both elevation and slope are significantly negatively associated with AGC storage. Forest type explains the impact on 12% of AGC storage, which means the relationship between AGC and predictors varies across forest types. The results provide a scientific basis for the protection and management decision of natural forests in northeastern China.
Collapse
|
18
|
Han X, Xu Y, Huang J, Zang R. Species Diversity Regulates Ecological Strategy Spectra of Forest Vegetation Across Different Climatic Zones. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:807369. [PMID: 35310647 PMCID: PMC8924497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.807369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecological strategy is the tactics employed by species in adapting to abiotic and biotic conditions. The ecological strategy spectrum is defined as the relative proportion of species in different ecological strategy types within a community. Determinants of ecological strategy spectrum of plant community explored by most previous studies are about abiotic factors. Yet, the roles of biotic factors in driving variations of ecological strategy spectra of forest communities across different geographic regions remains unknown. In this study, we established 200 0.04-ha forest dynamics plots (FDPs) and measured three-leaf functional traits of tree and shrub species in four forest vegetation types across four climatic zones. Based on Grime's competitor, stress-tolerator, ruderal (CSR) triangular framework, and the StrateFy method, we categorized species into four ecological strategy groups (i.e., C-, S-, Int-, and R-groups) and related the ecological spectra of the forests to three species diversity indices [i.e., species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and stem density (stem abundance)]. Linear regression, redundancy analysis, and variance partition analysis were utilized for assessing the roles of species diversity in regulating ecological strategy spectra of forest communities across different climatic zones. We found that the proportion of species in the C- and Int-groups increased, while the proportion of species in the S-group decreased, with the increase of three indices of species diversity. Among the three species diversity indices, stem abundance played the most important role in driving variations in ecological strategy spectra of forests across different climatic zones. Our finding highlights the necessity of accounting for biotic factors, especially stem abundance, in modeling or predicting the geographical distributions of plant species with varied ecological adaptation strategies to future environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kankare V, Saarinen N, Pyörälä J, Yrttimaa T, Hynynen J, Huuskonen S, Hyyppä J, Vastaranta M. Assessing the Dependencies of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Structural Characteristics and Internal Wood Property Variation. Forests 2022; 13:397. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wood density is well known to vary between tree species as well as within and between trees of a certain species depending on the growing environment causing uncertainties in forest biomass and carbon storage estimation. This has created a need to develop novel methodologies to obtain wood density information over multiple tree communities, landscapes, and ecoregions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dependencies between structural characteristics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) tree communities and internal wood property (i.e., mean wood density and ring width) variations at breast height. Terrestrial laser scanning was used to derive the structural characteristics of even-aged Scots pine dominated forests with varying silvicultural treatments. Pearson’s correlations and linear mixed effect models were used to evaluate the interactions. The results show that varying silvicultural treatments did not have a statistically significant effect on the mean wood density. A notably stronger effect was observed between the structural characteristics and the mean ring width within varying treatments. It can be concluded that single time terrestrial laser scanning is capable of capturing the variability of structural characteristics and their interactions with mean ring width within different silvicultural treatments but not the variation of mean wood density.
Collapse
|
20
|
Urgoiti J, Messier C, Keeton WS, Reich PB, Gravel D, Paquette A. No complementarity no gain-Net diversity effects on tree productivity occur once complementarity emerges during early stand development. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:851-862. [PMID: 35106898 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although there is compelling evidence that tree diversity has an overall positive effect on forest productivity, there are important divergences among studies on the nature and strength of these diversity effects and their timing during forest stand development. To clarify conflicting results related to stand developmental stage, we explored how diversity effects on productivity change through time in a diversity experiment spanning 11 years. We show that the strength of diversity effects on productivity progressively increases through time, becoming significantly positive after 9 years. Moreover, we demonstrate that the strengthening of diversity effects is driven primarily by gradual increases in complementarity. We also show that mixing species with contrasting resource-acquisition strategies, and the dominance of deciduous, fast-developing species, promote positive diversity effects on productivity. Our results suggest that the canopy closure and subsequent stem exclusion phase are key for promoting niche complementarity in diverse tree communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Urgoiti
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Ripon, Québec, Canada
| | - William S Keeton
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Wergifosse L, André F, Goosse H, Boczon A, Cecchini S, Ciceu A, Collalti A, Cools N, D'Andrea E, De Vos B, Hamdi R, Ingerslev M, Knudsen MA, Kowalska A, Leca S, Matteucci G, Nord-Larsen T, Sanders TG, Schmitz A, Termonia P, Vanguelova E, Van Schaeybroeck B, Verstraeten A, Vesterdal L, Jonard M. Simulating tree growth response to climate change in structurally diverse oak and beech forests. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150422. [PMID: 34852431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to simulate oak and beech forest growth under various scenarios of climate change and to evaluate how the forest response depends on site properties and particularly on stand characteristics using the individual process-based model HETEROFOR. First, this model was evaluated on a wide range of site conditions. We used data from 36 long-term forest monitoring plots to initialize, calibrate, and evaluate HETEROFOR. This evaluation showed that HETEROFOR predicts individual tree radial growth and height increment reasonably well under different growing conditions when evaluated on independent sites. In our simulations under constant CO2 concentration ([CO2]cst) for the 2071-2100 period, climate change induced a moderate net primary production (NPP) gain in continental and mountainous zones and no change in the oceanic zone. The NPP changes were negatively affected by air temperature during the vegetation period and by the annual rainfall decrease. To a lower extent, they were influenced by soil extractable water reserve and stand characteristics. These NPP changes were positively affected by longer vegetation periods and negatively by drought for beech and larger autotrophic respiration costs for oak. For both species, the NPP gain was much larger with rising CO2 concentration ([CO2]var) mainly due to the CO2 fertilisation effect. Even if the species composition and structure had a limited influence on the forest response to climate change, they explained a large part of the NPP variability (44% and 34% for [CO2]cst and [CO2]var, respectively) compared to the climate change scenario (5% and 29%) and the inter-annual climate variability (20% and 16%). This gives the forester the possibility to act on the productivity of broadleaved forests and prepare them for possible adverse effects of climate change by reinforcing their resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis de Wergifosse
- Earth and Life Institute: Environmental Sciences, UCLouvain, 1, Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Earth and Life Institute: Earth and Climate, UCLouvain, 3, Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Frédéric André
- Earth and Life Institute: Environmental Sciences, UCLouvain, 1, Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hugues Goosse
- Earth and Life Institute: Earth and Climate, UCLouvain, 3, Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Boczon
- Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, ul. Braci Lesnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Sébastien Cecchini
- Office National des Forêts, Département Recherche-Développement-Innovation, Bâtiment B, Boulevard de Constance, 77300 Fontainebleau, France
| | - Albert Ciceu
- Forest Management Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry INCDS Marin Drăcea, 128, Bulevardul Eroilor, 077190 Voluntari, Romania; Department of Forest Engineering, Forest Management Planning and Terrestrial Measurements, Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, "Transilvania" University, 1 Ludwig van Beethoven Str., 500123 Braşov, Romania
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, PG, Italy; Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), 4, Gaverstraat, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy 8 (CNR-ISAFOM), P. le Enrico Fermi 1 Loc. Porto del Granatello, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Bruno De Vos
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), 4, Gaverstraat, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Rafiq Hamdi
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, 3, Avenue circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Morten Ingerslev
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Morten Alban Knudsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anna Kowalska
- Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, ul. Braci Lesnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Stefan Leca
- Forest Management Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry INCDS Marin Drăcea, 128, Bulevardul Eroilor, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Thomas Nord-Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tanja Gm Sanders
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmitz
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 1, Büsgenweg, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia, 10, Leibnizstraße, 45659 Recklinghausen, Germany; Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 1, Büsgenweg, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Piet Termonia
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, 3, Avenue circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 86, Proeftuinstraat, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena Vanguelova
- Centre of Ecosystem, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Bert Van Schaeybroeck
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, 3, Avenue circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arne Verstraeten
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), 4, Gaverstraat, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Jonard
- Earth and Life Institute: Environmental Sciences, UCLouvain, 1, Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pretzsch H. Facilitation and competition reduction in tree species mixtures in Central Europe: Consequences for growth modeling and forest management. Ecol Modell 2022; 464:109812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
23
|
Zheng L, Chen HYH, Hautier Y, Bao D, Xu M, Yang B, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Yan E. Functionally diverse tree stands reduce herbaceous diversity and productivity via canopy packing. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Ting Zheng
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay Ontario P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group Department of Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Di‐Feng Bao
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Ming‐Shan Xu
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Bai‐Yu Yang
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| | - En‐Rong Yan
- Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station in Putuo Island Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd Shanghai 200062 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jucker T. Deciphering the fingerprint of disturbance on the three-dimensional structure of the world's forests. New Phytol 2022; 233:612-617. [PMID: 34506641 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Canopy gaps and the processes that generate them play an integral role in shaping the structure and dynamics of forests. However, it is only with recent advances in remote sensing technologies such as airborne laser scanning that studying canopy gaps at scale has become a reality. Consequently, we still lack an understanding of how the size distribution and spatial organization of canopy gaps varies among forests ecosystems, nor have we determined whether these emergent properties can be reconciled with existing theories of forest dynamics. Here, I outline a roadmap for integrating remote sensing with field data and individual-based models to build a comprehensive picture of how environmental constraints and disturbance regimes shape the three-dimensional structure of the world's forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wambsganss J, Freschet GT, Beyer F, Bauhus J, Scherer-Lorenzen M. Tree Diversity, Initial Litter Quality, and Site Conditions Drive Early-Stage Fine-Root Decomposition in European Forests. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDecomposition of dead fine roots contributes significantly to nutrient cycling and soil organic matter stabilization. Most knowledge of tree fine-root decomposition stems from studies in monospecific stands or single-species litter, although most forests are mixed. Therefore, we assessed how tree species mixing affects fine-root litter mass loss and which role initial litter quality and environmental factors play. For this purpose, we determined fine-root decomposition of 13 common tree species in four European forest types ranging from boreal to Mediterranean climates. Litter incubations in 315 tree neighborhoods allowed for separating the effects of litter species from environmental influences and litter mixing (direct) from tree diversity (indirect). On average, mass loss of mixed-species litter was higher than those of single-species litter in monospecific neighborhoods. This was mainly attributable to indirect diversity effects, that is, alterations in microenvironmental conditions as a result of tree species mixing, rather than direct diversity effects, that is, litter mixing itself. Tree species mixing effects were relatively weak, and initial litter quality and environmental conditions were more important predictors of fine-root litter mass loss than tree diversity. We showed that tree species mixing can alter fine-root litter mass loss across large environmental gradients, but these effects are context-dependent and of moderate importance compared to environmental influences. Interactions between species identity and site conditions need to be considered to explain diversity effects on fine-root decomposition.
Collapse
|
26
|
Uzquiano S, Barbeito I, San Martín R, Ehbrecht M, Seidel D, Bravo F. Quantifying Crown Morphology of Mixed Pine-Oak Forests Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Remote Sensing 2021; 13:4955. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13234955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixed forests make up the majority of natural forests, and they are conducive to improving the resilience and resistance of forest ecosystems. Moreover, it is in the crown of the trees where the effect of inter- and intra-specific interaction between them is evident. However, our knowledge of changes in crown morphology caused by density, competition, and mixture of specific species is still limited. Here, we provide insight on stand structural complexity based on the study of four response crown variables (Maximum Crown Width Height, MCWH; Crown Base Height, CBH; Crown Volume, CV; and Crown Projection Area, CPA) derived from multiple terrestrial laser scans. Data were obtained from six permanent plots in Northern Spain comprising of two widespread species across Europe; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). A total of 193 pines and 256 oaks were extracted from the point cloud. Correlation test were conducted (ρ ≥ 0.9) and finally eleven independent variables for each target tree were calculated and categorized into size, density, competition and mixture, which was included as a continuous variable. Linear and non-linear multiple regressions were used to fit models to the four crown variables and the best models were selected according to the lowest AIC Index and biological sense. Our results provide evidence for species plasticity to diverse neighborhoods and show complementarity between pines and oaks in mixtures, where pines have higher MCWH and CBH than oaks but lower CV and CPA, contrary to oaks. The species complementarity in crown variables confirm that mixtures can be used to increase above ground structural diversity.
Collapse
|
27
|
Pretzsch H, Schütze G. Tree species mixing can increase stand productivity, density and growth efficiency and attenuate the trade-off between density and growth throughout the whole rotation. Ann Bot 2021; 128:767-786. [PMID: 34156430 PMCID: PMC8557385 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many recent studies emphasize that mixed species is a promising silvicultural option for sustainable ecosystem management under uncertain and risky future environmental conditions. However, compared with monocultures, knowledge of mixed stands is still rather fragmentary. This comprehensive study analysed the most common Central European tree species combinations to determine the extent to which mono-layered species mixing (1) can increase stand productivity and stem diameter growth, (2) increase stand density or growth efficiency, and (3) reduce competition and attenuate the relationship between stand density and stem diameter growth compared with mono-specific stands. METHODS The study was based on 63 long-term experimental plots in Germany with repeated spatially explicit stand inventories. They covered mono-specific and mixed species stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies), silver fir (Abies alba), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). Based on spatially explicit measurement, we quantified for each tree the intra- or inter-specific neighbourhood, local stand density and growth. We applied mixed models to analyse how inter-specific neighbourhoods modify stand productivity, stand density, growth efficiency, individual tree growth and the trade-off between individual tree growth and stand productivity. KEY RESULTS We found stand productivity gains of 7-53 % of mixed versus mono-specific stands continuing over the entire rotation. All mixtures achieved a 3-36 % higher leaf area index until advanced stand age. Stem diameter growth increased by up to 31 % in mixed stands. The growth efficiency of the leaf area was up to 31 % higher, except in mixtures of sessile oak and European beech. The trade-off between stem diameter growth and stand productivity was attenuated by the mixture. CONCLUSIONS The increased productivity was mainly based on a density increase in the case of Norway spruce/silver fir/European beech and sessile oak/European beech and it was based on a more efficient resource use given the same stand density in the case of Scots pine/European beech and European ash/sycamore maple. In the other species assemblages the increased productivity was based on a combination of density and efficiency increase. We hypothesize that the density effect may be site-invariant and mainly depends on the structural species complementarity. The efficiency increase of growth may depend on the growth-limiting factor that is remedied by mixture and thus be co-determined by the site conditions. For forest management, the results indicate increased stand and tree size growth by species mixing. For the common mixtures examined in this study the results show that thinning for the acceleration of stem growth requires less density reduction and causes less stand growth losses than in monocultures. We discuss the consequences of our findings for silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species stands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Pretzsch
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - G Schütze
- Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bongers FJ. Reprint of: Functional-structural plant models to boost understanding of complementarity in light capture and use in mixed-species forests. Basic Appl Ecol 2021; 55:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Trogisch S, Liu X, Rutten G, Xue K, Bauhus J, Brose U, Bu W, Cesarz S, Chesters D, Connolly J, Cui X, Eisenhauer N, Guo L, Haider S, Härdtle W, Kunz M, Liu L, Ma Z, Neumann S, Sang W, Schuldt A, Tang Z, van Dam NM, von Oheimb G, Wang MQ, Wang S, Weinhold A, Wirth C, Wubet T, Xu X, Yang B, Zhang N, Zhu CD, Ma K, Wang Y, Bruelheide H. The significance of tree-tree interactions for forest ecosystem functioning. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
30
|
Hildebrand M, Perles-Garcia MD, Kunz M, Härdtle W, von Oheimb G, Fichtner A. Reprint of: Tree-tree interactions and crown complementarity: the role of functional diversity and branch traits for canopy packing. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Didion‐Gency M, Bachofen C, Buchmann N, Gessler A, Morin X, Vicente E, Vollenweider P, Grossiord C. Interactive effects of tree species mixture and climate on foliar and woody trait variation in a widely distributed deciduous tree. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Didion‐Gency
- Forest Dynamics Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bachofen
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFEUniversité de Montpellier—CNRSEPHEIRDUniv. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Eduardo Vicente
- Department of Ecology Joint Research Unit University of Alicante—CEAMUniversity of Alicante Alicante Spain
| | - Pierre Vollenweider
- Forest Dynamics Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yuan Z, Ali A, Loreau M, Ding F, Liu S, Sanaei A, Zhou W, Ye J, Lin F, Fang S, Hao Z, Wang X, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y. Divergent above- and below-ground biodiversity pathways mediate disturbance impacts on temperate forest multifunctionality. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:2883-2894. [PMID: 33742479 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity plays a fundamental role in provisioning and regulating forest ecosystem functions and services. Above-ground (plants) and below-ground (soil microbes) biodiversity could have asynchronous change paces to human-driven land-use impacts. Yet, we know very little how they affect the provision of multiple forest functions related to carbon accumulation, water retention capacity and nutrient cycling simultaneously (i.e. ecosystem multifunctionality; EMF). We used a dataset of 22,000 temperate forest trees from 260 plots within 11 permanent forest sites in Northeastern China, which are recovering from three post-logging disturbances. We assessed the direct and mediating effects of multiple attributes of plant biodiversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional and stand structure) and soil biodiversity (bacteria and fungi) on EMF under the three disturbance levels. We found the highest EMF in highly disturbed rather than undisturbed mature forests. Plant taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional and stand structural diversity had both positive and negative effects on EMF, depending on how the EMF index was quantified, whereas soil microbial diversity exhibited a consistent positive impact. Biodiversity indices explained on average 45% (26%-58%) of the variation in EMF, whereas climate and disturbance together explained on average 7% (0.4%-15%). Our result highlighted that the tremendous effect of biodiversity on EMF, largely overpassing those of both climate and disturbance. While above- (β = 0.02-0.19) and below-ground (β = 0.16-0.26) biodiversity had direct positive effects on EMF, their opposite mediating effects (β = -0.22 vs. β = 0.35 respectively) played as divergent pathways to human disturbance impacts on EMF. Our study sheds light on the need for integrative frameworks simultaneously considering above- and below-ground attributes to grasp the global picture of biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Suitable management interventions could maintain both plant and soil microbial biodiversity, and thus guarantee a long-term functioning and provisioning of ecosystem services in an increasing disturbance frequency world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
| | - Fang Ding
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shufang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Anvar Sanaei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Wangming Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Fei Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northernwest Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Avignon Université, IRD, IMBE, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée Bât. Villemin - BP 80, Aix-en-Provence cedex 04, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jing X, Muys B, Bruelheide H, Desie E, Hättenschwiler S, Jactel H, Jaroszewicz B, Kardol P, Ratcliffe S, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Selvi F, Vancampenhout K, van der Plas F, Verheyen K, Vesterdal L, Zuo J, Van Meerbeek K. Above‐ and below‐ground complementarity rather than selection drive tree diversity–productivity relationships in European forests. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jing
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Ellen Desie
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- CEFE University of Montpellier CNRS EPHE IRD University of Paul‐Valéry Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRAE University of BordeauxBIOGECO Cestas France
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Białowieża Poland
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | | | | | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food Environment and Forestry University of Firenze Firenze Italy
| | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Life Science Leipzig University Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab Campus Gontrode Department of Environment Ghent University Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Juan Zuo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Onoda Y, Bando R. Wider crown shyness between broad‐leaved tree species than between coniferous tree species in a mixed forest of
Castanopsis cuspidata
and
Chamaecyparis obtusa. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Reo Bando
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ganault P, Nahmani J, Hättenschwiler S, Gillespie LM, David JF, Henneron L, Iorio E, Mazzia C, Muys B, Pasquet A, Prada-Salcedo LD, Wambsganss J, Decaëns T. Relative importance of tree species richness, tree functional type, and microenvironment for soil macrofauna communities in European forests. Oecologia 2021; 196:455-468. [PMID: 33959812 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Soil fauna communities are major drivers of many forest ecosystem processes. Tree species diversity and composition shape soil fauna communities, but their relationships are poorly understood, notably whether or not soil fauna diversity depends on tree species diversity. Here, we characterized soil macrofauna communities from forests composed of either one or three tree species, located in four different climate zones and growing on different soil types. Using multivariate analysis and model averaging we investigated the relative importance of tree species richness, tree functional type (deciduous vs. evergreen), litter quality, microhabitat and microclimatic characteristics as drivers of soil macrofauna community composition and structure. We found that macrofauna communities in mixed forest stands were represented by a higher number of broad taxonomic groups that were more diverse and more evenly represented. We also observed a switch from earthworm-dominated to predator-dominated communities with increasing evergreen proportion in forest stands, which we interpreted as a result of a lower litter quality and a higher forest floor mass. Finally, canopy openness was positively related to detritivore abundance and biomass, leading to higher predator species richness and diversity probably through trophic cascade effects. Interestingly, considering different levels of taxonomic resolution in the analyses highlighted different facets of macrofauna response to tree species richness, likely a result of both different ecological niche range and methodological constraints. Overall, our study supports the positive effects of tree species richness on macrofauna diversity and abundance through multiple changes in resource quality and availability, microhabitat, and microclimate modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Ganault
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France.
| | - Johanne Nahmani
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-François David
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Henneron
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, ECODIV, Place E. Blondel, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan cedex, France.,Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Etienne Iorio
- EI, Entomologie and Myriapodologie, 522 chemin Saunier, 13690, Graveson, France
| | - Christophe Mazzia
- UAPV UMR 7263 CNRS IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP21239, 84916, Avignon cedex 09, France
| | - Bart Muys
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alain Pasquet
- CNRS, University of Lorrain, Faculté Des Sciences Et Technologies, UR AFPA,, BP 239, F-54504, Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Luis Daniel Prada-Salcedo
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,University of Leipzig, Department of Biology, Johannisallee 21, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janna Wambsganss
- Univeristy of Freiburg, Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Tennenbacherstr. 4D, D-79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thibaud Decaëns
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Meeussen C, Govaert S, Vanneste T, Haesen S, Van Meerbeek K, Bollmann K, Brunet J, Calders K, Cousins SAO, Diekmann M, Graae BJ, Iacopetti G, Lenoir J, Orczewska A, Ponette Q, Plue J, Selvi F, Spicher F, Sørensen MV, Verbeeck H, Vermeir P, Verheyen K, Vangansbeke P, De Frenne P. Drivers of carbon stocks in forest edges across Europe. Sci Total Environ 2021; 759:143497. [PMID: 33246733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forests play a key role in global carbon cycling and sequestration. However, the potential for carbon drawdown is affected by forest fragmentation and resulting changes in microclimate, nutrient inputs, disturbance and productivity near edges. Up to 20% of the global forested area lies within 100 m of an edge and, even in temperate forests, knowledge on how edge conditions affect carbon stocks and how far this influence penetrates into forest interiors is scarce. Here we studied carbon stocks in the aboveground biomass, forest floor and the mineral topsoil in 225 plots in deciduous forest edges across Europe and tested the impact of macroclimate, nitrogen deposition and smaller-grained drivers (e.g. microclimate) on these stocks. Total carbon and carbon in the aboveground biomass stock were on average 39% and 95% higher at the forest edge than 100 m into the interior. The increase in the aboveground biomass stock close to the edge was mainly related to enhanced nitrogen deposition. No edge influence was found for stocks in the mineral topsoil. Edge-to-interior gradients in forest floor carbon changed across latitude: carbon stocks in the forest floor were higher near the edge in southern Europe. Forest floor carbon decreased with increasing litter quality (i.e. high decomposition rate) and decreasing plant area index, whereas higher soil temperatures negatively affected the mineral topsoil carbon. Based on high-resolution forest fragmentation maps, we estimate that the additional carbon stored in deciduous forest edges across Europe amounts to not less than 183 Tg carbon, which is equivalent to the storage capacity of 1 million ha of additional forest. This study underpins the importance of including edge influences when quantifying the carbon stocks in temperate forests and stresses the importance of preserving natural forest edges and small forest patches with a high edge-to-interior surface area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Kim Calders
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bente J Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Giovanni Iacopetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés » (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix de Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jan Plue
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UR « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés » (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analysis (LCA), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Voskenslaan 270, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Williams LJ, Butler EE, Cavender-Bares J, Stefanski A, Rice KE, Messier C, Paquette A, Reich PB. Enhanced light interception and light use efficiency explain overyielding in young tree communities. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:996-1006. [PMID: 33657676 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diverse plant communities are often more productive than mono-specific ones. Several possible mechanisms underlie this phenomenon but their relative importance remains unknown. Here we investigated whether light interception alone or in combination with light use efficiency (LUE) of dominant and subordinate species explained greater productivity of mixtures relative to monocultures (i.e. overyielding) in 108 young experimental tree communities. We found mixed-species communities that intercepted more light than their corresponding monocultures had 84% probability of overyielding. Enhanced LUE, which arose via several pathways, also mattered: the probability of overyielding was 71% when, in a mixture, species with higher 'inherent' LUE (i.e. LUE in monoculture) intercepted more light than species with lower LUE; 94% when dominant species increased their LUE in mixture; and 79% when subordinate species increased their LUE. Our results suggest that greater light interception and greater LUE, generated by inter and intraspecific variation, together drive overyielding in mixed-species forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Williams
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ethan E Butler
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Karen E Rice
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Extension Education, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.,Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, J0V 1V0, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sanaei A, Ali A, Yuan Z, Liu S, Lin F, Fang S, Ye J, Hao Z, Loreau M, Bai E, Wang X. Context-dependency of tree species diversity, trait composition and stand structural attributes regulate temperate forest multifunctionality. Sci Total Environ 2021; 757:143724. [PMID: 33221010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High species diversity is generally thought to be a requirement for sustaining forest multifunctionality. However, the degree to which the relationship between species-, structural-, and trait-diversity of forests and multifunctionality depend on the context (such as stand age or abiotic conditions) is not well studied. Here, we hypothesized that context-dependency of tree species diversity, functional trait composition and stand structural attributes promote temperate forest multifunctionality including above- and below-ground multiple and single functions. To do so, we used repeated forest inventory data, from temperate mixed forests of northeast China, to quantify two above-ground (i.e. coarse woody productivity and wild edible plant biomass), five below-ground (i.e. soil organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur) functions, tree species diversity, individual tree size variation (CVDBH) and functional trait composition of specific leaf area (CWMSLA) as well as stand age and abiotic conditions. We found that tree species diversity increased forest multifunctionality and most of the single functions. Below-ground single and multifunctionality were better explained by tree species diversity. In contrast, above-ground single and multifunctionality were better explained by CVDBH. However, CWMSLA was also an additional important driver for maintaining above- and below-ground forest multifunctionality through opposing plant functional strategies. Stand age markedly reduced forest multifunctionality, tree species diversity and CWMSLA but substantially increased CVDBH. Below-ground forest multifunctionality and tree species diversity decreased while above-ground forest multifunctionality increased on steep slopes. These results highlight that context-dependency of forest diversity attributes might regulate forest multifunctionality but may not have a consistent effect on above-ground and below-ground forest multifunctionality due to the fact that those functions were driven by varied functional strategies of different plant species. We argue that maximizing forest complexity could act as a viable strategy to maximizing forest multifunctionality, while also promoting biodiversity conservation to mitigate climate change effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anvar Sanaei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China.
| | - Shufang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Fei Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Ji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northernwest Polytechnical University, China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Edith Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Morin X, Bugmann H, Coligny F, Martin‐StPaul N, Cailleret M, Limousin J, Ourcival J, Prevosto B, Simioni G, Toigo M, Vennetier M, Catteau E, Guillemot J. Beyond forest succession: A gap model to study ecosystem functioning and tree community composition under climate change. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morin
- CEFECNRSUniv. MontpellierEPHEIRDUniv. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Forest Ecology Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - François Coligny
- AMAP UMR931, Botany and Computational Plant Architecture Université de Montpellier – CIRAD – CNRS – INRAE – IRD Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Nicolas Martin‐StPaul
- INRAEURFMDomaine Saint PaulINRAE Centre de recherche PACADomaine Saint‐Paul Site Agroparc France
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- INRAE Aix‐en‐ProvenceAix Marseille UniversitéUMR RECOVER Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 5 France
| | - Jean‐Marc Limousin
- CEFECNRSUniv. MontpellierEPHEIRDUniv. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Jean‐Marc Ourcival
- CEFECNRSUniv. MontpellierEPHEIRDUniv. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Bernard Prevosto
- INRAE Aix‐en‐ProvenceAix Marseille UniversitéUMR RECOVER Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 5 France
| | - Guillaume Simioni
- INRAEURFMDomaine Saint PaulINRAE Centre de recherche PACADomaine Saint‐Paul Site Agroparc France
| | - Maude Toigo
- CEFECNRSUniv. MontpellierEPHEIRDUniv. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Michel Vennetier
- INRAE Aix‐en‐ProvenceAix Marseille UniversitéUMR RECOVER Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 5 France
| | | | - Joannès Guillemot
- CIRADUMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
- Eco&SolsUniv MontpellierCIRADINRAE, MontpellierSupAgro Montpellier France
- Department of Forest Sciences ESALQUniversity of São Paulo Piracicaba Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hildebrand M, Perles-Garcia MD, Kunz M, Härdtle W, von Oheimb G, Fichtner A. Tree-tree interactions and crown complementarity: The role of functional diversity and branch traits for canopy packing. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Ehbrecht M, Seidel D, Annighöfer P, Kreft H, Köhler M, Zemp DC, Puettmann K, Nilus R, Babweteera F, Willim K, Stiers M, Soto D, Boehmer HJ, Fisichelli N, Burnett M, Juday G, Stephens SL, Ammer C. Global patterns and climatic controls of forest structural complexity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:519. [PMID: 33483481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of forest structures plays a crucial role in regulating forest ecosystem functions and strongly influences biodiversity. Yet, knowledge of the global patterns and determinants of forest structural complexity remains scarce. Using a stand structural complexity index based on terrestrial laser scanning, we quantify the structural complexity of boreal, temperate, subtropical and tropical primary forests. We find that the global variation of forest structural complexity is largely explained by annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality (R² = 0.89). Using the structural complexity of primary forests as benchmark, we model the potential structural complexity across biomes and present a global map of the potential structural complexity of the earth´s forest ecoregions. Our analyses reveal distinct latitudinal patterns of forest structure and show that hotspots of high structural complexity coincide with hotspots of plant diversity. Considering the mechanistic underpinnings of forest structural complexity, our results suggest spatially contrasting changes of forest structure with climate change within and across biomes.
Collapse
|
42
|
Guillemot J, Kunz M, Schnabel F, Fichtner A, Madsen CP, Gebauer T, Härdtle W, von Oheimb G, Potvin C. Neighbourhood-mediated shifts in tree biomass allocation drive overyielding in tropical species mixtures. New Phytol 2020; 228:1256-1268. [PMID: 32496591 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Variations in crown forms promote canopy space-use and productivity in mixed-species forests. However, we have a limited understanding on how this response is mediated by changes in within-tree biomass allocation. Here, we explored the role of changes in tree allometry, biomass allocation and architecture in shaping diversity-productivity relationships (DPRs) in the oldest tropical tree diversity experiment. We conducted whole-tree destructive biomass measurements and terrestrial laser scanning. Spatially explicit models were built at the tree level to investigate the effects of tree size and local neighbourhood conditions. Results were then upscaled to the stand level, and mixture effects were explored using a bootstrapping procedure. Biomass allocation and architecture substantially changed in mixtures, which resulted from both tree-size effects and neighbourhood-mediated plasticity. Shifts in biomass allocation among branch orders explained substantial shares of the observed overyielding. By contrast, root-to-shoot ratios, as well as the allometric relationships between tree basal area and aboveground biomass, were little affected by the local neighbourhood. Our results suggest that generic allometric equations can be used to estimate forest aboveground biomass overyielding from diameter inventory data. Overall, we demonstrate that shifts in tree biomass allocation are mediated by the local neighbourhood and promote DPRs in tropical forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, 34060, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Matthias Kunz
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, 01737, Germany
| | - Florian Schnabel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Chair of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, Lüneburg, 21335, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Gebauer
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, Lüneburg, 21335, Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, 01737, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Catherine Potvin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Luis Clement Avenue, Bldg. 401 Tupper, Balboa, Panama
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Scher CL, Karimi N, Glasenhardt M, Tuffin A, Cannon CH, Scharenbroch BC, Hipp AL. Application of remote sensing technology to estimate productivity and assess phylogenetic heritability. Appl Plant Sci 2020; 8:e11401. [PMID: 33304664 PMCID: PMC7705335 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Measuring plant productivity is critical to understanding complex community interactions. Many traditional methods for estimating productivity, such as direct measurements of biomass and cover, are resource intensive, and remote sensing techniques are emerging as viable alternatives. METHODS We explore drone-based remote sensing tools to estimate productivity in a tallgrass prairie restoration experiment and evaluate their ability to predict direct measures of productivity. We apply these various productivity measures to trace the evolution of plant productivity and the traits underlying it. RESULTS The correlation between remote sensing data and direct measurements of productivity varies depending on vegetation diversity, but the volume of vegetation estimated from drone-based photogrammetry is among the best predictors of biomass and cover regardless of community composition. The commonly used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is a less accurate predictor of biomass and cover than other equally accessible vegetation indices. We found that the traits most strongly correlated with productivity have lower phylogenetic signal, reflecting the fact that high productivity is convergent across the phylogeny of prairie species. This history of trait convergence connects phylogenetic diversity to plant community assembly and succession. DISCUSSION Our study demonstrates (1) the importance of considering phylogenetic diversity when setting management goals in a threatened North American grassland ecosystem and (2) the utility of remote sensing as a complement to ground measurements of grassland productivity for both applied and fundamental questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Lane Scher
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina27708USA
- Center for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleIllinois60532USA
| | - Nisa Karimi
- Center for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleIllinois60532USA
| | | | - Ashley Tuffin
- Center for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleIllinois60532USA
- Edge Hill UniversityOrmskirkL39 4QPUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Bryant C. Scharenbroch
- Center for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleIllinois60532USA
- College of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Wisconsin–Stevens PointStevens PointWisconsin54481USA
| | - Andrew L. Hipp
- Center for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleIllinois60532USA
- The Field MuseumChicagoIllinois60605USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bongers FJ. Functional-structural plant models to boost understanding of complementarity in light capture and use in mixed-species forests. Basic Appl Ecol 2020; 48:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
45
|
Iida Y, Swenson NG. Towards linking species traits to demography and assembly in diverse tree communities: Revisiting the importance of size and allocation. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Iida
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kothandaraman S, Dar JA, Sundarapandian S, Dayanandan S, Khan ML. Ecosystem-level carbon storage and its links to diversity, structural and environmental drivers in tropical forests of Western Ghats, India. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13444. [PMID: 32778785 PMCID: PMC7417561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests are rich in biodiversity with great potential for carbon (C) storage. We estimated ecosystem-level C stock using data from 70 forest plots in three major forest types: tropical dry deciduous (TDD I and TDD II), tropical semi-evergreen (TSE I and TSE II) and tropical evergreen forests (TEF I, TEF II and TEF III) of Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India. The average C stock in these forests was 336.8 Mg C/ha, of which 231.3, 3.0, 2.4, 15.2 and 84.9 Mg C/ha were stored in woody vegetation, understorey, litter, deadwood and soil respectively. The live vegetation, detritus and soil contributed 65.5%, 5.5% and 29% respectively to the total ecosystem-level C stock and distributed in forest types in the order: TEF III > TEF II > TEF I > TSE I > TDD II > TSE II > TDD I. The plant diversity, structural attributes and environmental factors showed significant positive correlations with C stocks and accounted for 6.7, 77.2 and 16% of variance. These findings indicate that the tropical forests in the Western Ghats store large amount of C, and resulting data are invaluable for planning and monitoring forest conservation and management programs to enhance C storage in tropical forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subashree Kothandaraman
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Javid Ahmad Dar
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Somaiah Sundarapandian
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | - Selvadurai Dayanandan
- Biology Department, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Mohammed Latif Khan
- Department of Botany, Forest Ecology and Eco-Genomics Laboratory, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ali A, Sanaei A, Nalivan OA, Ahmadaali K, Pour MJ, Valipour A, Karami J, Aminpour M, Kaboli H, Askari Y. Environmental filtering, predominance of strong competitor trees and exclusion of moderate-weak competitor trees shape species richness and biomass. Sci Total Environ 2020; 723:138105. [PMID: 32224404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Strong competitor (i.e. big-sized) trees are globally crucial for promoting aboveground biomass. Still, we do not fully understand the simultaneous influences of different levels of competitor (i.e. strong, moderate, medium and weak) trees at stand level in shaping forest diversity and biomass along a climatic gradient. We hypothesized that few strong competitor trees shape the positive relationship between tree species richness and aboveground biomass better than moderate, medium and weak competitor trees along a climatic gradient. Using the forest inventory data (i.e. tree diameter, height and crown diameter), we quantified strong (i.e. 99th percentile; top 1%), moderate (i.e. 75th percentile; top 25%), medium (i.e. 50th percentile) and weak (i.e. 25th percentile) competitor trees as well as species richness and aboveground biomass of 248 plots (moist temperate, semi-humid, and semi-arid forests) across 12 sites in Iran. The main results from three piecewise structural equation models (i.e. tree diameter, height and crown based models) showed that, after considering the simultaneous fixed effects of climate and random effects of sites or forest types variation, strong competitor trees possessed strong positive effects on tree species richness and biomass whereas moderate, medium and weak competitor trees possessed negligible positive to negative effects. Also, different levels of competitor trees promoted each other in a top-down way but the effects of strong competitor trees on moderate, medium and weak competitor trees were relatively weak. This study suggests that the simultaneous interactions of different tree sizes at stand level across forest sites should be included in the integrative ecological modeling for better understanding the role of different levels of competitor trees in shaping positive forest diversity - functioning relationship in a changing environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Ali
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Anvar Sanaei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Omid Asadi Nalivan
- Natural Resources Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - Khaled Ahmadaali
- Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 31585-4314, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Valipour
- Department of Forestry and The Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Jalil Karami
- Natural Resources Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aminpour
- Natural Resources and Watershed Management Office, West Azerbaijan Province, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hasan Kaboli
- Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Yousef Askari
- Research Division of Natural Resources, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yasouj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Oehri J, Bürgin M, Schmid B, Niklaus PA. Local and landscape-level diversity effects on forest functioning. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233104. [PMID: 32407371 PMCID: PMC7224498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Research of the past decades has shown that biodiversity is a fundamental driver of ecosystem functioning. However, most of this biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research focused on experimental communities on small areas where environmental context was held constant. Whether the established BEF relationships also apply to natural or managed ecosystems that are embedded in variable landscape contexts remains unclear. In this study, we therefore investigated biodiversity effects on ecosystem functions in 36 forest stands that were located across a vast range of environmental conditions in managed landscapes of Central Europe (Switzerland). Specifically, we approximated forest productivity by leaf area index and forest phenology by growing-season length and tested effects of tree species richness and land-cover richness on these variables. We then examined the correlation and the confounding of these local and landscape-level diversity effects with environmental context variables related to forest stand structure (number of trees), landscape structure (land-cover edge density), climate (annual precipitation) and topography (mean altitude). We found that of all tested variables tree species richness was among the most important determinants of forest leaf area index and growing-season length. The positive effects of tree species richness on these two ecosystem variables were remarkably consistent across the different environmental conditions we investigated and we found little evidence of a context-dependent change in these biodiversity effects. Land-cover richness was not directly related to local forest functions but could nevertheless play a role via a positive effect on tree species richness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Oehri
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marvin Bürgin
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal A. Niklaus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kassahun Z, Yow JN, Renninger HJ. Diversity or Redundancy in Leaf Physiological and Anatomical Parameters in a Species Diverse, Bottomland Hardwood Forest? Forests 2020; 11:519. [DOI: 10.3390/f11050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research Highlights: Bottomland hardwood forests exhibit seasonal flooding, are species diverse, and provide numerous ecosystem services including floodwater storage, wildlife habitat and nutrient mitigation. However, data are needed to adequately predict the potential of individual species to achieve these services. Background and Objectives: In bottomland hardwood forests, increasing tree species richness may increase functional diversity unless species exhibit an overlap in physiological functioning. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) compare physiological and anatomical leaf parameters across species, (2) determine if leaf anatomical and nutrient properties were correlated with physiological functioning, (3) determine intra-species variability in leaf stomatal properties and determine how whole crown metrics compare with leaves measured for gas exchange and (4) measure soil nitrogen for evidence of denitrification during inundation periods. Materials and Methods: We measured gas exchange, leaf nutrients and anatomical properties in eight bottomland hardwood species including Carya ovata, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Quercus michauxii, Quercus nigra, Quercus pagoda, Quercus phellos, Ulmus alata and Ulmus americana. Additionally, we quantified soil ammonium and nitrate content during winter inundated conditions to compare with non-inundation periods. Results: We found that leaf-level water use parameters displayed greater variability and diversity across species than photosynthesis and leaf nitrogen parameters, but green ash and shagbark hickory exhibited generally high leaf N concentrations and similar physiological functioning. Elms and oaks displayed larger variability in leaf physiological functioning. Stomatal density was significantly correlated with photosynthetic capacity and tree-level water use and exhibited high intra-species variability. Conclusions: This bottomland hardwood forest contains more diversity in terms of water use strategies compared with nitrogen uptake, suggesting that differences in species composition will affect the hydrology of the system. Green ash and shagbark hickory exhibit higher leaf nitrogen concentrations and potential for nutrient mitigation. Finally, leaf anatomical parameters show some promise in terms of correlating with leaf physiological parameters across species.
Collapse
|
50
|
Goodbody TRH, Tompalski P, Coops NC, White JC, Wulder MA, Sanelli M. Uncovering spatial and ecological variability in gap size frequency distributions in the Canadian boreal forest. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6069. [PMID: 32269267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses characterizing canopy gaps are required to improve our understanding of spatial and structural variations in forest canopies and provide insight into ecosystem-level successional processes. Gap size frequency distributions (GSFD) are indicative of ecological processes and disturbance patterns. To date, GSFD in boreal forest ecosystems have not been systematically quantified over large areas using a single consistent data source. Herein we characterized GSFDs across the entirety of the Canadian boreal forest using transects of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. ALS transects were representatively sampled within eight distinct Canadian boreal ecozones. Gaps were detected and delineated from the ALS-derived canopy height model as contiguous canopy openings ≥8 m2 with canopy heights ≤3 m. Gaps were then stratified by ecozone and forest type (i.e. coniferous, broadleaf, mixedwood, wetland-treed), and combinations thereof, and GSFDs were calculated for each stratum. GSFDs were characterized by the scaling parameter of the power-law probability distribution, lambda (λ) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests confirmed that GSFDs for each stratum followed a power-law distribution. Pairwise comparisons between ecozones, forest types, and combinations thereof indicated significant differences between estimates of λ. Scaling parameters were found to be more variable by ecozone (1.96-2.31) than by forest type (2.15-2.21). These results contrast those of similar studies done in tropical forest environments, whereby λ was found to be relatively consistent across a range of site types, geological substrates, and forest types. The geographic range considered herein is much larger than that of previous studies, and broad-scale patterns in climate, landforms, and soils that are reflected in the definition of unique ecozones, likely also influence gap characteristics.
Collapse
|