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Alkorashy HA, Alosaimi AA, Alruwaili NF, Alshahrani SN. Conflict occurrence and preferred management styles among ICU nurses during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Nurs Crit Care 2024; 29:407-416. [PMID: 37814504 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care units (ICUs) have been overwhelmed by the increasing number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, causing psychological burdens, stress, and various types of conflict among nurses. AIM To examine the occurrence, type, and intensity of conflict and preferred management styles among ICU nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a government hospital in Saudi Arabia using a convenience sample of 95 nurses from three ICUs. Data were collected using an e-questionnaire comprising the Nursing Conflict Scale, Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II, and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Most participants reported exposure to moderately (64.2%) or highly (34.79%) intense conflict during the pandemic. The competitive (2.23 ± .472) and intragroup (2.23 ± .385) types of conflict were the most frequently reported. The preferred conflict management style was collaborating (21.85 ± 5.49), followed by accommodating (18.39 ± 4.03). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that age, years of experience, and education were significantly associated with conflict type and management style. Preparedness to care for suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases was associated with interpersonal conflict (r = .20, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS The participants experienced moderate- to high-intensity conflict; however, they employed constructive rather than destructive management styles. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurse leaders, policymakers, and educators must initiate transformational intervention programmes to enhance and sustain nurses' competencies in constructive conflict management strategies. Interpersonal communication and crisis management training programmes should be formulated to raise nurses' awareness and enhance their competencies vis-à-vis taking a positive approach to overcoming various conflict types and levels, particularly during crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Alkorashy
- Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Nursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashwaq A Alosaimi
- General Administration of Health Programs and Chronic Diseases in Mother's Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal F Alruwaili
- Female Surgical Ward, King Abdul-Aziz Specialist Hospital, Directorate of Health Aljouf Region, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuruq N Alshahrani
- Nursing Education Adminstration, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Haslam SA, Fong P, Haslam C, Cruwys T. Connecting to Community: A Social Identity Approach to Neighborhood Mental Health. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 2023:10888683231216136. [PMID: 38146705 DOI: 10.1177/10888683231216136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
ACADEMIC ABSTRACT Integrative theorizing is needed to advance our understanding of the relationship between where a person lives and their mental health. To this end, we introduce a social identity model that provides an integrated explanation of the ways in which social-psychological processes mediate and moderate the links between neighborhood and mental health. In developing this model, we first review existing models that are derived primarily from a resource-availability perspective informed by research in social epidemiology, health geography, and urban sociology. Building on these, the social identity model implicates neighborhood identification in four key pathways between residents' local environment and their mental health. We review a wealth of recent research that supports this model and which speaks to its capacity to integrate and extend insights from established models. We also explore the implications of the social identity approach for policy and intervention. PUBLIC ABSTRACT We need to understand the connection between where people live and their mental health better than we do. This article helps us do this by presenting an integrated model of the way that social and psychological factors affect the relationship between someone's neighborhood and their mental health. This model builds on insights from social epidemiology, health geography, and urban sociology. Its distinct and novel contribution is to point to the importance of four pathways through which neighborhood identification shapes residents' mental health. A large body of recent research supports this model and highlights its potential to integrate and expand upon existing theories. We also discuss how our model can inform policies and interventions that seek to improve mental health outcomes in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Polly Fong
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Tegan Cruwys
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Cork A, Everson R, Naserian E, Levine M, Koschate-Reis M. Collective self-understanding: A linguistic style analysis of naturally occurring text data. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:4455-4477. [PMID: 36443583 PMCID: PMC9707163 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-02027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding what groups stand for is integral to a diverse array of social processes, ranging from understanding political conflicts to organisational behaviour to promoting public health behaviours. Traditionally, researchers rely on self-report methods such as interviews and surveys to assess groups' collective self-understandings. Here, we demonstrate the value of using naturally occurring online textual data to map the similarities and differences between real-world groups' collective self-understandings. We use machine learning algorithms to assess similarities between 15 diverse online groups' linguistic style, and then use multidimensional scaling to map the groups in two-dimensonal space (N=1,779,098 Reddit comments). We then use agglomerative and k-means clustering techniques to assess how the 15 groups cluster, finding there are four behaviourally distinct group types - vocational, collective action (comprising political and ethnic/religious identities), relational and stigmatised groups, with stigmatised groups having a less distinctive behavioural profile than the other group types. Study 2 is a secondary data analysis where we find strong relationships between the coordinates of each group in multidimensional space and the groups' values. In Study 3, we demonstrate how this approach can be used to track the development of groups' collective self-understandings over time. Using transgender Reddit data (N= 1,095,620 comments) as a proof-of-concept, we track the gradual politicisation of the transgender group over the past decade. The automaticity of this methodology renders it advantageous for monitoring multiple online groups simultaneously. This approach has implications for both governmental agencies and social researchers more generally. Future research avenues and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Cork
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
| | - Richard Everson
- Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Elahe Naserian
- Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark Levine
- Department of Psychology, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Miriam Koschate-Reis
- Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Tippins E, Ysseldyk R, Peneycad C, Anisman H. Believing in science: Linking religious beliefs and identity with vaccination intentions and trust in science during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Underst Sci 2023; 32:1003-1020. [PMID: 37278005 PMCID: PMC10247686 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231174845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite evidence supporting numerous scientific issues (e.g. climate change, vaccinations) many people still doubt the legitimacy of science. Moreover, individuals may be prone to scepticism about scientific findings that misalign with their ideological beliefs and identities. This research investigated whether trust in science (as well as government and media) and COVID-19 vaccination intentions varied as a function of (non)religious group identity, religiosity, religion-science compatibility beliefs, and/or political orientation in two online studies (N = 565) with university students and a Canadian community sample between January and June 2021. In both studies, vaccination intentions and trust in science varied as a function of (non)religious group identity and beliefs. Vaccine hesitancy was further linked to religiosity through a lack of trust in science. Given the ideological divides that the pandemic has exacerbated, this research has implications for informing public health strategies for relaying scientific findings to the public and encouraging vaccine uptake in culturally appropriate ways.
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Ntontis E, Bozatzis N, Kokkini V. Leadership, mobilization of risky behaviours and accountability: The Church of Greece leaders' public talk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Soc Psychol 2023; 62:1839-1855. [PMID: 37255373 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Social psychologists have typically examined leadership and risk-taking behaviours through a social identity lens. However, the rhetorical/ideological aspects of such processes as well as leaders' accountability management practices have not been adequately studied. We address this gap by focusing on leaders of the Church of Greece (CoG), who, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, insisted that their congregation should keep receiving the Holy Communion, which typically involves the practice of spoon-sharing. We present a discursive analysis of 17 interviews with leaders of the CoG given in Greek media channels, exploring how they construct participation in the ritual. When Church leaders urged their audiences to engage in risky practices, they assumed various social identity positions (e.g. scientifically informed; civic minded), implicating competing ideological frameworks. They also managed their personal and institutional accountability for potential viral transmissions by placing responsibility for adverse effects on their followers. Implications for social psychological theory are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Ntontis
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Nikos Bozatzis
- Psychology Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kokkini
- Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Tepe B, Karakulak A. Linking Judging Moral to Acting Moral: A Relational Motivations Approach to Judging and Practicing Covid-19 Behaviors. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:835-855. [PMID: 34933626 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211061077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Building on the Relational Motivation Theory, the present research argues that relational motivations (RM) underlie both the regulation and the moral judgment of socially (un)responsive Covid-19 behaviors (e.g., physical distancing) and links these two via moral identity. We hypothesize that different types of socially unresponsive behaviors are judged morally wrong through perceptions of RM violations and that a stronger concern for unity predicts the extent to which individuals self-report to perform socially responsive Covid-19 behaviors. Additionally, the role of moral identity as an individual-level moderator variable linking perceptions about RM violation to the practice of Covid-19 responsible behaviors is explored. The results support the predictions with data collected from participants living in Turkey and the USA. In both cultures, socially unresponsive Covid-19 behaviors of others were judged morally wrong through RMs, plus individuals' general concern for unity predicted their self-reported socially responsive Covid-19 behaviors. Additionally, for the sample from Turkey, results revealed that the general concern for unity was positively associated with self-reported tendencies to perform Covid-19 socially responsive behaviors only among individuals with a low or moderate moral identity, but not when moral identity was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Tepe
- 52946Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karakulak
- 52946Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Policy Center, Sabanci University, Turkey
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Uyheng J, Montiel CJ. Economic bifurcations in pandemic leadership: Power in abundance or agency amid scarcity? British J Social Psychol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Azila-Gbettor EM, Agbenyo L, Fiati HM, Mensah C. Student adjustment during Covid-19 pandemic: Exploring the moderating role of university support. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13625. [PMID: 36819228 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the moderating effect of university support on the association between fear of Cov19 and student adjustment including (a) academic; (b) psychological; and (c) social adjustment. A total of 592 students took part in the research by completing self-reported questionnaire. The respondents were chosen using a multi-stage sampling technique. The data was processed and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24 and SEM-PLS, respectively. Results reveal fear of Cov19 negatively predict student's academic, psychological, and social adjustment. University support positively predicts student's academic, psychological, and social adjustment and further mitigate the impact of fear of Cov19 on students' academic, psychological, and social adjustment. This is the first study to examine university support as a moderator between fear of Cov19 and three dimensions of students' adjustment.
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Taubert F, Sprengholz P, Korn L, Eitze S, Wiedermann M, Betsch C. Situational pathogen avoidance mediates the impact of social connectedness on preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2418. [PMID: 36765159 PMCID: PMC9912235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing was one of the more important behaviours for reducing the spread of the virus. The present study investigated the influence on pathogen avoidance of familiarity with other people at private gatherings. Based on the social identity model of risk taking and the theory of the behavioural immune system, we assumed that greater familiarity with others would make people feel more connected with one another and decrease situational pathogen avoidance. This could result in lower perceptions of the risk of contracting COVID-19 and fewer protective behaviours. Two experiments (n1 = 1022, n2 = 994) showed that the negative influence of greater familiarity on the perceived risk of infection and protective behaviour is explained by an increased feeling of connectedness and less feeling of situational pathogen avoidance. In an additional survey, the participants (n = 23,023) rated the quality of their past social contacts. The correlational analyses showed that the familiarity of the other person was more important in explaining variance in protective behaviours than attitudes toward those behaviours or the pandemic situation itself. Understanding the process that result in an explosive increase in infection after social gatherings can improve infection control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Taubert
- Institute for Planetary Health Behavior, Health Communication, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.
- Health Communication Working Group, Implementation Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Sprengholz
- Institute for Planetary Health Behavior, Health Communication, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
- Health Communication Working Group, Implementation Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Korn
- Institute for Planetary Health Behavior, Health Communication, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
- Health Communication Working Group, Implementation Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Eitze
- Institute for Planetary Health Behavior, Health Communication, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
- Health Communication Working Group, Implementation Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Betsch
- Institute for Planetary Health Behavior, Health Communication, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
- Health Communication Working Group, Implementation Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Schäfer M, Stark B, Werner AM, Mülder LM, Reichel JL, Heller S, Schwab L, Rigotti T, Beutel ME, Simon P, Letzel S, Dietz P. Informiert = Geimpft? Das Informationsverhalten und die COVID-19-Impfentscheidung bei Studierenden. Publizistik 2023. [PMCID: PMC9879251 DOI: 10.1007/s11616-023-00779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Eine zu geringe Impfbereitschaft zählt zu den größten globalen Gesundheitsgefahren und war in der COVID-19-Pandemie auch in Deutschland eine der großen Herausforderungen der öffentlichen Gesundheit. Die Identifikation potenzieller Einflussfaktoren auf das Impfverhalten ist deshalb für eine zielgruppengerechte Gesundheitskommunikation von großer Bedeutung. Studierende sind eine besonders wichtige Zielgruppe der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Der Beitrag geht mit Hilfe einer Online-Befragung der Studierenden einer westdeutschen Universität (n = 1398) im Sommersemester 2021 den Fragen nach, inwieweit sich geimpfte und ungeimpfte Studierende mit hoher bzw. niedrigerer Impfintention hinsichtlich a) ihrer Medien- und Informationsnutzung und b) ihres Vertrauens in Medien und Informationsquellen in der COVID-19-Pandemie unterschieden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen z. T. deutliche Differenzen. Während geimpfte Studierende sich intensiver informierten und hierfür auch stärker auf klassische Medienangebote zurückgriifen, vertrauten insbesondere ungeimpfte Studierende mit niedrigerer Impfintention u. a. mehr auf alternative Nachrichtenseiten und Blogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schäfer
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Publizistik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 12, 55128 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Birgit Stark
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Publizistik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 12, 55128 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Antonia M. Werner
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Lina M. Mülder
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Arbeits‑, Organisations- und Wirtschaftspsychologie, Institut für Psychologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Wallstraße 3, 55122 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Jennifer L. Reichel
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Heller
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Lisa Schwab
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Albert Schweitzer Straße 22, 55128 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Arbeits‑, Organisations- und Wirtschaftspsychologie, Institut für Psychologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Wallstraße 3, 55122 Mainz, Deutschland ,grid.509458.50000 0004 8087 0005Leibniz Institut für Resilienzforschung, Wallstr. 7a, 55122 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Perikles Simon
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Albert Schweitzer Straße 22, 55128 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Stephan Letzel
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Pavel Dietz
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
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Frings D, Wills J, Sykes S, Wood KV, Albery IP. Multiple Group Membership, Optimistic Bias, and Infection Risk in the Context of Emerging Infectious Diseases. European Journal of Health Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Understanding psychosocial factors which impact responses to emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) is vital in managing epidemics and pandemics. Two under-researched areas in this field are the interactive roles of optimistic bias (underestimation of the likelihood of negative events occurring to the self, relative to others) and group membership (a factor observed to be psychologically protective, but infection risk enhancing). Aims: The current study aimed to test the relationships between optimistic bias and membership of multiple groups upon EID-related emotional and psychological responses and behavioral intentions. Methods: Participants from the UK and US ( N = 360) rated how they would evaluate and respond to a fictitious EID immediately before the 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns in a correlational study. Results: Negative relationships were observed between optimistic bias and perceived infection vulnerability, infection prevention strategies, and perceived EID severity. Multiple group membership correlated negatively with germ avoidance, but positively with emotional responses such as disgust and increased perceived vulnerability to infection – factors linked to avoiding infection. Multiple group memberships and optimistic bias were unrelated. Limitations: The study focussed on a fictitious disease and relies on cross-sectional data and behavioral intentions. Conclusions: These findings build upon the small evidence base on the role of optimistic bias in EID management and suggest that multiple group membership is unlikely to increase optimistic bias. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings for EID management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Frings
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Jane Wills
- School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Susie Sykes
- School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Kerry V. Wood
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Ian P. Albery
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
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Bagci SC, Yalcin FT, Turnuklu A, Vezzali L, Tercan M, Yilmaz AD. Looking for your cross-group friends after the breakout? Children's intergroup contact behaviours before and after the onset of COVID-19. Br J Soc Psychol 2022; 62:1036-1055. [PMID: 36515077 PMCID: PMC9877674 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While COVID-19 implications for prejudice have been investigated among adults in previous research, children's intergroup reactions to the pandemic and specifically how native children's contact behaviours with refugees might have changed after the pandemic has not been examined yet. Drawing on a unique longitudinal school dataset (N = 861, 5th graders, M age reported at T1 = 10.38, SD = 0.68) collected before the onset of the pandemic (T1, pre-lockdown), after the onset of the pandemic (T2, post-lockdown), and 6 months after the post-lockdown (T3, follow-up) in Turkey, we examined how children's contact behaviour (positive and negative contact), contact motivation (self-efficacy and volition), as well as behavioural tendencies (approach and avoidance) have shifted during this period (2.5 years). We observed a consistent pattern of improvement in contact behaviours demonstrated by increases in positive contact variables and decreases in negative contact variables particularly from T1 to T2. The change in some positive contact variables was stable for 6 months, while negative contact and avoidance rapidly regressed to the baseline during the normalization period (T3). The boosting effect of the pandemic was particularly pronounced among children who displayed greater prejudice towards refugees before the pandemic. Findings contribute to the growing research literature delineating the potential benefits of COVID-19 at the collective level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Loris Vezzali
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
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Martínez-Garcia M, Sansano-Sansano E, Castillo-Hornero A, Femenia R, Roomp K, Oliver N. Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a population study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12543. [PMID: 35869182 PMCID: PMC9306252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSince March of 2020, billions of people worldwide have been asked to limit their social contacts in an effort to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, little research has been carried out to date on the impact of such social distancing measures on the social isolation levels of the population. In this paper, we study the impact of the pandemic on the social isolation of the Spanish population, by means of 32,359 answers to a citizen survey collected over a period of 7 months. We uncover (1) a significant increase in the prevalence of social isolation in the population, reaching almost 26%; (2) gender and age differences, with the largest prevalence of isolation among middle-aged individuals; (3) a strong relationship between economic impact and social isolation; and (4) differences in social isolation, depending on the number of COVID-19 protection measures and on the perception of coronavirus infection risk by our participants. Our research sheds quantitative light on the sociological impact of the pandemic, and enables us to identify key factors in the interplay between the deployment of non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain the spread of an infectious disease and a population’s levels of social isolation.
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Goren T, Vashdi DR, Beeri I. Count on trust: the indirect effect of trust in government on policy compliance with health behavior instructions. Policy Sci 2022; 55:593-630. [PMID: 36405103 PMCID: PMC9665042 DOI: 10.1007/s11077-022-09481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trust in government is considered a prominent factor for enhancing public compliance with government policies and instructions. The Coronavirus pandemic demonstrates the crucial role public compliance with governmentally issued health guidelines has in mitigating the pandemic. However, the mechanism explaining the trust-compliance association, particularly in regard to health-behavior compliance, is unclear. This article develops a new theoretical model, the Mediated Trust Model (MTM), for explaining the relationship between trust in government and public compliance with health instructions. The model extends the classic Health Belief Model for predicting health behavior by claiming that the perceptions regarding the instructions' costs, benefits and one's ability to perform them are affected by trust in government and mediate the trust-compliance association. The MTM was tested in four cross-sectional studies performed during the first 20 months of the Coronavirus pandemic in Israel on 3732 participants, for various health instructions. Implications for public health literature, policy compliance theory and policy makers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Goren
- Division of Public Administration and Policy, School of Political Sciences, University of Haifa, 31905 Mount Carmel, Israel
| | - Dana R. Vashdi
- Division of Public Administration and Policy, School of Political Sciences, University of Haifa, 31905 Mount Carmel, Israel
| | - Itai Beeri
- Division of Public Administration and Policy, School of Political Sciences, University of Haifa, 31905 Mount Carmel, Israel
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15
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Carter H, Dennis A, Williams N, Weston D. Identity-based social support predicts mental and physical health outcomes during COVID-19. Br J Soc Psychol 2022; 62:845-865. [PMID: 36372928 PMCID: PMC9877754 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United Kingdom implemented physical distancing measures to minimize viral transmission, which may have adversely impacted health and wellbeing. Evidence suggests that social support may be key to mitigating against adverse health impacts of such measures, particularly when such social support is identity-based. In this longitudinal study, we examined the role of social identity and perceived social support in mental and physical health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed a survey at 4 time points during the first year of the pandemic: May/June 2020 (T1; N = 443); September/October 2020 (T2; N = 235); December 2020/January 2021 (T3; N = 243); and April 2021 (T4; N = 206). Results showed that at each time point, social support was predicted by identification with multiple groups before COVID-19, identity continuity, and identification with communities. Higher identity continuity and identification with communities both predicted greater mental and physical health at the same time point, mediated by perceived social support. Interestingly, higher identity continuity and identification with communities predicted higher social support at the same time point, which in turn predicted worse mental and physical health outcomes at the subsequent time point. Findings are discussed in relation to the context of the first year of the pandemic and the changing nature of societal restrictions across the four survey time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Carter
- Behavioural Science and Insights UnitUK Health Security AgencySalisburyUK
| | - Amelia Dennis
- Behavioural Science and Insights UnitUK Health Security AgencySalisburyUK
| | - Natalie Williams
- Behavioural Science and Insights UnitUK Health Security AgencySalisburyUK
| | - Dale Weston
- Behavioural Science and Insights UnitUK Health Security AgencySalisburyUK
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16
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Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has fundamentally shifted the way human beings interact, both as individuals and groups, in the face of such a widespread outbreak. This paper seeks to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on intergroup emotions and attitudes within an intractable intergroup conflict, specifically, through the lens of the Korean conflict. Using a two-wave, cross-sectional design, this study was able to track the profound psychological changes in intergroup emotions and attitudes both prior to the pandemic and during its onslaught. Results of these two wave representative samples show that South Korean citizens demonstrated higher levels of fear of their neighbors in North Korea after the outbreak of COVID-19 than before. In turn, this led to increased societal support of hostile government policies towards North Koreans. Conversely, the same participants exhibited higher levels of empathy towards North Koreans during the pandemic, which led to a higher willingness to collaborate with their outgroup. This dual effect on intergroup emotions within intractable conflicts brings forth new avenues from which societies may be able to restrain the destructive influence of the COVID-19 threat on intergroup relations - as well as harvesting its constructive potential for reconciling warring intergroup relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Nir
- Faculty of Social Science, The Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Halperin
- Faculty of Social Science, The Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Juhwa Park
- Korea Institute for National
Unification, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Zlobina A, Dávila MC. Preventive behaviours during the pandemic: The role of collective rituals, emotional synchrony, social norms and moral obligation. Br J Soc Psychol 2022; 61:1332-1350. [PMID: 35365893 PMCID: PMC9790680 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present research focuses on the role of collective, social influence and intraindividual processes in shaping preventive behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. In two correlational studies conducted in Spain, we explored the impact of participation in the ritual of collective applause (carried out daily for over 70 days during the lockdown) and perceived social norms in fostering behavioural adherence to public health measures, as well as the mediating role of perceived emotional synchrony and a sense of moral obligation. The first study (general population, N = 528) was conducted in June 2020, just after the end of the lockdown, and the second study (students, N = 292) was carried out eight months later. The results of the structural equations modelling (SEM) consistently confirmed that active participation in collective applause was linked to more intense emotional synchrony and indirectly predicted self-reported preventive behaviour. Perceived social norms predicted self-reported behavioural compliance directly and also indirectly, via feelings of moral obligation. The discussion addresses some meaningful variations in the results and also focuses on the implications of the findings for both theory and psychosocial intervention.
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18
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Ludwig J, Strack F. Asymmetrical friendships? People are willing to risk COVID-19 infection from friends but are reluctant to pass it on to them. J Appl Soc Psychol 2022; 53:JASP12927. [PMID: 36249315 PMCID: PMC9539111 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although most protective behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic come with personal costs, they will produce the largest benefit if everybody cooperates. This study explores two interacting factors that drive cooperation in this tension between private and collective interests. A preregistered experiment (N = 299) examined (a) how the quality of the relation among interacting partners (social proximity), and (b) how focusing on the risk of self-infection versus onward transmission affected intentions to engage in protective behaviors. The results suggested that risk focus was an important moderator of the relation between social proximity and protection intentions. Specifically, participants were more willing to accept the risk of self-infection from close others than from strangers, resulting in less caution toward a friend than toward a distant other. However, when onward transmission was the primary concern, participants were more reluctant to effect transmission to close others, resulting in more caution toward friends than strangers. These findings inform the debate about effective nonclinical measures against the pandemic. Practical implications for risk communication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ludwig
- Institute for PsychologyJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Coller School of ManagementTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Fritz Strack
- Institute for PsychologyJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgWürzburgGermany
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19
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Shamloo SE, Cocco VM, Visintin EP, Trifiletti E, Vezzali L. I love you too much to keep social distance: Closeness in relationships and (dis)engagement in preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Appl Soc Psychol 2022; 53:JASP12926. [PMID: 36249316 PMCID: PMC9538871 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although we are witnessing a new phase in the management of COVID-19, understanding what predicts adherence to preventive behaviors still remains crucial. In this study we focus on interpersonal relationships by specifically investigating whether engagement in preventive behaviors when in the presence of others may be a function of the type of relationship (in terms of closeness) one has with others. Because close others are often perceived similar to the self compared to strangers, we put forward that close relationships may inadvertently decrease COVID-19 risk perceptions which may ultimately decrease compliance with recommended behaviors when in their presence. To test this hypothesis, 747 Italian respondents were invited to answer one out of four versions of a questionnaire differing on the target (i.e., friends vs. parents vs. grandparents vs. strangers), including questions regarding COVID-19 risk perceptions and intentions to engage in preventive behaviors. Mediation analysis showed that close relationships (i.e., with friends, parents, and grandparents) compared to nonclose relationships (i.e., with strangers) predicted lower intentions to engage in preventive behaviors via lower risk perceptions. Altogether, these results shed light on the role played by closeness in indirectly shaping individuals' dis(engagement) in preventive behaviors and contribute to better understand possible unconscious biases which may undermine our safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya E. Shamloo
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Loris Vezzali
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly
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20
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Patte KA, Wade TJ, MacNeil AJ, Bélanger RE, Duncan MJ, Riazi N, Leatherdale ST. Support for mask use as a COVID-19 public health measure among a large sample of Canadian secondary school students. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1598. [PMID: 35996138 PMCID: PMC9395950 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth voice has been largely absent from deliberations regarding public health measures intended to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, despite being one of the populations most impacted by school-based policies. To inform public health strategies and messages, we examined the level of student support of mask use in public spaces and school mask requirements, as well as factors associated with students' perspectives. METHODS We used cross-sectional survey data from 42,767 adolescents attending 133 Canadian secondary schools that participated in the COMPASS study during the 2020/2021 school year. Multinomial regression models assessed support for i) wearing a mask in indoor public spaces and ii) schools requiring students to wear masks, in association with COVID-19 knowledge, concerns, and perceived risk. RESULTS Wearing masks in indoor public spaces was supported by 81.9% of students; 8.7% were unsupportive and 9.4% were neutral/undecided. School mask requirements were supported by 67.8%, with 23.1% neutral and 9.1% unsupportive. More females supported mask wearing in public spaces (83.9% vs. 79.1%) and school mask requirements (70.8% vs. 63.5%) than males. Students had increased odds of supporting mask use in public spaces and school mask requirements if they reported concerns about their own or their family's health, had discussions regarding ways to prevent infection, perceived COVID-19 to be a risk to young people, and knew that signs are not always present in COVID-19 cases and that masks prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission if someone coughs. CONCLUSIONS During the year following the beginning of the pandemic, most students supported the required use of masks in schools and wearing masks in indoor public spaces. Improving knowledge around the effectiveness of masks appears likely to have the largest impact on mask support in adolescent populations among the factors studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Niagara Region, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Terrance J Wade
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Niagara Region, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Niagara Region, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Richard E Bélanger
- Projet COMPASS-Québec, VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable de l'Université Laval, 2480 chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G1, Canada.,Departement of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medecine, Université Laval, Ferdinand Vandry Pavillon, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Markus J Duncan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Niagara Region, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Negin Riazi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Niagara Region, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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21
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Rathbone JA, Stevens M, Cruwys T, Ferris LJ. COVID-safe behaviour before, during and after a youth mass gathering event: a longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058239. [PMID: 35820769 PMCID: PMC9274022 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As mass gathering events resume in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a pressing need to understand (a) engagement in COVID-safe behaviour at these events and (b) how attending a mass gathering impacts subsequent behaviours. This study examined anticipated COVID-safe behaviour before, during, and after a youth mass gathering event. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Self-report data were collected online at five timepoints from secondary-school graduates participating in celebrations linked to an annual week-long youth mass gathering event in Australia. PARTICIPANTS Australian secondary-school graduates completed surveys before the event (N=397), on days 1 (N=183), 3 (N=158) and 5 (N=163) of the event, and 3 weeks after the event (N=140). Of those who completed the first survey, 72 indicated they would attend a primary mass gathering site where the largest mass gathering of graduates in Australia occurs in a typical (non-pandemic) year; 325 indicated they would be celebrating at other locations (ie, secondary sites). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Anticipated COVID-safe behaviour: physical distancing from friends and strangers and additional protective behaviours (hand hygiene and mask wearing). RESULTS At all timepoints, participants anticipated maintaining appropriate (>1.5 m) physical distance from strangers, but not from friends (<0.5 m). Attendees at the primary site reported less physical distancing from friends over time throughout the mass gathering, χ2(4)=16.89, p=0.002. Physical distancing from strangers, χ2(4)=26.93, p<0.001, and additional protective behaviours, χ2(4)=221.23, p<0.001, also declined across the mass gathering among both groups. These reductions in COVID-safe behaviour were significant and enduring, with all declines persisting at follow-up. CONCLUSION It is critical that public health messaging and interventions emphasise the risks of disease transmission arising from other attendees who are known to us during mass gathering events, and that such messaging is sustained during and following the event to combat reductions in COVID-safe behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne A Rathbone
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Mark Stevens
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Laura J Ferris
- School of Business, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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22
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhou M. Community resilience and psychological distress in Chinese older adults amid COVID-19: the roles of perceived community prevention effectiveness and risk perception. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1426-1435. [PMID: 34143946 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1935458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is sweeping the world, bringing a disaster for not only public physical but also mental health. As older adults are more vulnerable than those in other age groups in this disaster, their psychological distress in this pandemic is of particular concern. Considering the importance of communities in combating the pandemic, we examined the role of a community in relieving older adults' psychological distress and the heterogeneous effect by older adults' different levels of risk perception.Method: We collected data through a questionnaire survey of 272 older adults in 12 communities in the Sichuan province of China in April 2020, and used the structural equation model to analyze the data.Results: we found that community resilience was negatively associated with older adults' psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress), and this association was mediated by perceived community prevention effectiveness. However, this indirect effect was stronger for older adults with low risk perceptions than for ones with high risk perceptions (including self-risk perception and group-risk perception).Conclusion: These findings underlined a community's vital significance in alleviating older adults' psychological distress amid the COVID-19 pandemic and moreover indicated that tailored interventions for facilitating community pandemic prevention should be designed for older adults with different risk perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjie Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Abstract
This research takes a maximally inclusive social identity approach to COVID-19 and examines whether the “bond” and “concern” factors of identification with humanity: (1) explain additional variance in health-related behaviors—above and beyond relevant covariates; (2) are uniquely associated with health-related behaviors; and (3) were more strongly associated with health-related behaviors when COVID-19 cases were high. Results ( N = 324) suggest the bond and concern factors explained significantly more variance in social distancing, social influencing, overbuying, and marginally more variance in mask wearing. Bond with all humanity uniquely predicted more mask wearing, more social influencing, less social distancing, and more overbuying, and concern for all humanity uniquely predicted more social distancing and less overbuying. However, COVID-19 cases did not consistently moderate associations with health-related behaviors. Overall, identification with humanity has an important role in—and the bond and concern factors have distinct associations with—health-related behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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24
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Cheng L, Liu L. Exploring posttraumatic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic. Tour Manag 2022; 90:104474. [PMID: 34924667 PMCID: PMC8664663 DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although it is undeniable that the COVID-19 pandemic presented new threats and traumas for human beings, posttraumatic growth that took place after the struggle with this highly challenging crisis cannot be ignored. Therefore, based on the posttraumatic growth theory, the present research focuses on aspects of tourists' positive changes after the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 1165 potential tourists from 197 cities in 31 provinces of China were analyzed using symmetrical and asymmetrical approaches. The results of the partial least squares test revealed the net effects of social support, psychological distress, and infection risk perception on the three dimensions of tourists' posttraumatic growth, namely, travel risk aversion, social identity, and altruistic behavior. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis provided causal recipes for realizing posttraumatic growth, and necessary condition analysis supplemented the necessary antecedents. The implications of the findings and the paths for future research are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Tourism School, Sichuan University 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Tourism School, Sichuan University 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
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25
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Abstract
Although it is undeniable that the COVID-19 pandemic presented new threats and traumas for human beings, posttraumatic growth that took place after the struggle with this highly challenging crisis cannot be ignored. Therefore, based on the posttraumatic growth theory, the present research focuses on aspects of tourists' positive changes after the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 1165 potential tourists from 197 cities in 31 provinces of China were analyzed using symmetrical and asymmetrical approaches. The results of the partial least squares test revealed the net effects of social support, psychological distress, and infection risk perception on the three dimensions of tourists' posttraumatic growth, namely, travel risk aversion, social identity, and altruistic behavior. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis provided causal recipes for realizing posttraumatic growth, and necessary condition analysis supplemented the necessary antecedents. The implications of the findings and the paths for future research are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Tourism School, Sichuan University 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Tourism School, Sichuan University 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, PR China
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26
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Ahmad N, Ullah Z, AlDhaen E, Han H, Ariza-Montes A, Vega-Muñoz A. Fostering Advocacy Behavior of Employees: A Corporate Social Responsibility Perspective From the Hospitality Sector. Front Psychol 2022; 13:865021. [PMID: 35572254 PMCID: PMC9093048 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.865021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the stiff competitiveness situation in every sector, promoting the advocacy behavior of employees is of seminal importance for an organization. With this regard, the hospitality sector has no exceptions, however, a review of the prior literature uncovers that most of the prior studies on advocacy behavior were conducted from the standpoint of consumers, and the role of employees’ advocacy behavior, especially in the context of the hospitality sector, remained an understudied area. Research also shows that the corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts of an organization can significantly influence employees’ behavior but the relationship of CSR to spur employees’ advocacy behavior was not discussed earlier. Against this knowledge gap, the current work aims to investigate the relationship between CSR and employees’ advocacy behavior in the hotel sector of a developing economy with the mediating effect of employees’ engagement. A hypothesized model was developed, which was validated by collecting data from different hotel employees through a self-administered questionnaire. The findings offer different theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, one important implication was that the CSR perceptions of hotel employees can drive their advocacy behavior. Practically, the study implicates that hotels can improve their reputation significantly by converting their employees into advocates, as the personal information source is preferred over company-generated information sources. Moreover, the CSR commitment of a hotel can lead the employees to a higher level of engagement, which then motivates them to act as advocates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Faculty of Management Studies, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Faculty of Management, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ullah
- Faculty of Business Administration, Lahore Leads University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Esra AlDhaen
- Marketing Department, College of Business and Finance, Ahlia University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Goodwin R, Nguyen Luu LA, Wiwattanapantuwong J, Kovács M, Suttiwan P, Levin Y. Two-Tailed Dogs, Social Unrest and COVID-19 Vaccination: Politics, Hesitancy and Vaccine Choice in Hungary and Thailand. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050789. [PMID: 35632545 PMCID: PMC9147869 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A long tradition of research has shown an association between political orientation and vaccine uptake. However, we know little about political preferences and the choice of specific vaccines. Methods: We conducted two national surveys, in Hungary (Study 1, online, n = 1130) and Thailand (Study 2, on the street survey: n = 1052), testing associations between political allegiance, trust in government, vaccine willingness, and vaccine choice. Results: In Hungary, those supporting the government or on the political right were more willing to be vaccinated, with this association strongest for government approved vaccines. These respondents were also more likely to accept Chinese and Russian vaccines and reject the Moderna vaccine. In Thailand, vaccinated respondents reported greater trust in the government, with preference for AstraZeneca associated with support for pro-government political parties and preference for Pfizer with anti-government attitudes. Conclusions: Vaccine campaigns need to recognise the role of political loyalties not only in vaccine willingness, but in vaccine choice, especially given the mixing of vaccines across doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Goodwin
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Lan Anh Nguyen Luu
- Institute of Intercultural Psychology and Education, Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (L.A.N.L.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Mónika Kovács
- Institute of Intercultural Psychology and Education, Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary; (L.A.N.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Panrapee Suttiwan
- Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Yafit Levin
- Department of Social Work and Education, Ariel University, Ariel 4076414, Israel;
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28
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Gartland N, Coleman A, Fishwick D, Johnson S, Armitage CJ, van Tongeren M. Experiences, Perceptions of Risk, and Lasting Impacts of COVID-19 for Employees in the Public Transport Sector. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 67:76-86. [PMID: 35567752 PMCID: PMC9129159 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-standardized mortality rates for taxi drivers, chauffeurs, bus and coach drivers show that public transport workers were at high risk at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, the public transport sector was required to continue services throughout the pandemic. OBJECTIVES This paper aims to develop a better understanding of the experiences of organizational leaders and workers within the UK public transport sector (bus, rail, and tram). Specifically, it aims to explore the perceived balance of risk and mitigation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, report on their perceptions of safety in public transport during the pandemic and in the future, and consider how these perceptions and changes impact on long-term worker health and wellbeing. METHODS This study formed part of a larger stakeholder engagement with the public transport sector. Organizational leaders and workers were recruited (n = 18) and semi-structured interviews carried out between January and May 2021. Data were analysed thematically. RESULTS Overarching and subthemes were identified. Themes relating to perceptions and impacts of risk of COVID-19 for employees included: acceptability of risk for workers, perceptions of risk mitigation effectiveness, changes to working practices and their impact on morale and wellbeing, issues with compliance to mitigations such as social distancing and face coverings in passenger and co-worker groups alongside a lack of power to challenge behaviour effectively, and the roles of leadership and messaging. Themes related to long-lasting impacts of COVID-19 on working practices and effects on health and wellbeing included: continuing mitigations, impact of increasing passenger numbers, impact of vaccination programme, and impact of changes to business structure. CONCLUSIONS Most public transport employees reported feeling safe, related to the extent to which their role was public-facing. However, data were collected during a time of very low passenger numbers. Current mitigation measures were thought effective in reducing the risk of viral transmission, although measures may have a detrimental effect on worker morale and wellbeing. Issues relating to non-compliance with guidance and 'in-group' behaviour were identified. Impacts on wider business sustainability and individual wellbeing of staff should be considered when developing responses to any future pandemics. Recommendations are made for prioritizing employee engagement with colleagues, and the importance of strong leadership and clear messaging in promoting adherence to behavioural mitigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gartland
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail:
| | - Anna Coleman
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - David Fishwick
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK,Centre for Workplace Health, Health and Safety Executive Science and Research Centre, Buxton, Derbyshire, UK
| | - Sheena Johnson
- People, Management and Organisations Division, Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK,Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, UK,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Breakwell GM, Camilo C, Jaspal R, Lima ML. Influences of nationality and national identification on perceived dangerousness of COVID-19 variants and perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: A study of UK and Portuguese samples. J Soc Polit Psych 2022. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.7425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, both variants of the virus that causes the disease and vaccines developed to combat it have been identified with nationalities. Both social identity theory and identity process theory would predict that this would initiate intergroup differentiation processes aimed at optimizing ingroup value and personal identity enhancement. Our study examined whether people’s nationality and level of national identification influence their perception of dangerousness of variants and effectiveness of vaccines. We compared data collected by online survey in March 2021 from the UK (which was associated with both a variant and a vaccine) and Portugal (which was associated with neither). The Portuguese rated variants overall as more dangerous than did the UK sample. The Chinese variant was rated by both samples as the least dangerous and the UK sample rated the British variant as less dangerous than did the Portuguese. Higher national identification in the UK sample was associated with differentiating more between the British variant and the South African variant and differentiating it less from the Chinese variant. The UK sample rated the effectiveness of the British vaccine higher than did the Portuguese. They also evaluated it as more effective than the American, Chinese and Indian vaccines. In both samples, higher national identification was associated with lower ratings of effectiveness for vaccines originating in China or India. Our study suggests that identity processes associated with national identification do influence perceptions of vaccines and variants. This has significant practice and policy implications. Social representations of variants and vaccines in nationalistic terms can have complex and unexpected consequences.
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30
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Shahnawaz MG, Gupta K, Kharshiing KD, Kashyap D, Khursheed M, Khan NH, Uniyal R, Rehman U. Individual and group level risk factors in preventive health and panic buying behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic in India. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-17. [PMID: 35496360 PMCID: PMC9034255 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present research explored individual and group level risk factors in preventive health and panic buying behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, COVID-19 anxiety, and personal identity were considered individual-level risk factors. Group based identities such as family, religious groups, and identification with one's nation were considered as group level risk factors. Standardized scales have been used to measure all the constructs under study. Data were collected electronically from 305 Indian respondents. Hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS Version 22 was used to test the hypotheses. Results showed that personal identity and identification with the nation predicted preventive health behavior. Panic buying behavior was predicted by the location of the respondents (containment versus non-containment zones), perceived severity, and one's personal identity. The interplay of individual and social factors is reflective of both individual and collective agencies in the adoption of preventive health behaviors, while only individual-level factors led to panic buying behavior. The findings of this study have implications for curbing, managing, and reinforcing desirable and non-desirable behavior during the present pandemic as well as in the future as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaveri Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | | | - Drishti Kashyap
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Masrat Khursheed
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Neda Haseeb Khan
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Ritika Uniyal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Usama Rehman
- Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 20022 India
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31
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Lee SY, Yuen S, Or NHK, Cheng EW, Yue RPH. Pandemic vulnerability, policy feedback and support for immigration: Evidence from Asia. Br J Soc Psychol 2022; 61:1124-1143. [PMID: 35244226 PMCID: PMC9111603 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Past studies have shown that disease threat increases people's hostility towards immigrants. However, in our survey (N = 9571) conducted in five advanced Asian economies during the outbreak of COVID‐19, we found that COVID‐19 vulnerability was positively associated with support for immigration. Drawing on insight from policy feedback theories, we propose that the positive association is caused by the presence of widespread border crossing restrictions, which have changed the meaning and cost implications of COVID‐19. As the outbreak expands, the pandemic has become not just a threat to people's health but also a barrier to globalization. Consequently, people who are worried about the disease may see globalization processes, including migration, as signs of pandemic relief. We find supportive evidence in our analysis. First, the positive association between COVID‐19 vulnerability and support for immigration is more salient among respondents who considered restrictions on international travel to be stringent. Second, the positive association between COVID‐19 vulnerability and immigration attitude was mediated by perceived economic threat from the pandemic and contribution by immigrants towards the containment of the pandemic. These findings suggest that disease control measures adopted at the global level may alter certain widely accepted effects of disease threat on immigration attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Yau Lee
- The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Samson Yuen
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nick H K Or
- City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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32
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Continuance Intention of Online Healthcare Communities- The Mediation Mechanism of Social Interaction Ties: . J ORGAN END USER COM 2022; 34:0-0. [DOI: 10.4018/joeuc.302892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the continuance usage intention on online healthcare community (OHC) platform for patients and examine the "doctor-OHC-patient" relationship. The proposed model attempted to integrate social interaction ties, shared value, trust with the indirect effects on the relationship between the determinants and continuous usage intention of the OHC platform. The empirical results showed that perceived critical mass, social identity, and para-social interaction would strengthen continuance intention via the social interaction ties. In addition, this study found that the shared values and trust increase users' willingness to continue usage of OHC. This study provides OHC platform managers with an in-depth understanding of the "doctor-OHC-patient" online social interaction. The results of this study may also help hospitals, health policy makers, and related healthcare practitioners to improve the way they use the web for advocacy and guidance, and provide insight into the intent of promoting the ongoing use of OHC platforms.
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33
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Wakefield JRH, Bowe M, Kellezi B. Who helps and why? A longitudinal exploration of volunteer role identity, between-group closeness, and community identification as predictors of coordinated helping during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Soc Psychol 2022; 61:907-923. [PMID: 35122285 PMCID: PMC9111824 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mutual aid groups have allowed community members to respond collectively to the COVID-19 pandemic, providing essential support to the vulnerable. While research has begun to explore the benefits of participating in these groups, there is a lack of work investigating who is likely to engage in this form of aid-giving, although early accounts suggest that existing volunteers have played a significant part in the mutual aid phenomena. Taking a social identity approach, the present study sought to identify what social psychological processes predict this continued engagement by exploring predictors of coordinated COVID-19 aid-giving for pre-existing volunteers. A two-wave longitudinal online survey study (N = 214) revealed that volunteer role identity among existing volunteers at T1 (pre-pandemic) was positively associated with volunteer-beneficiary between-group closeness at T1, which in turn was positively associated with community identification at T1. This in turn positively predicted coordinated COVID-19 aid-giving at T2 (3 months later). This paper therefore reveals the intra- and intergroup predictors of pandemic-related coordinated aid-giving in pre-existing volunteers. Implications for voluntary organisations and emergency voluntary aid provision are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mhairi Bowe
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Blerina Kellezi
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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34
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MacKinnon-Lee KA, Bahr M. Are you more impulsive with age? Examining age, marital status, and gender on cognitive ageing. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35107403 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2029741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding non-pathological cognitive aging processes remains a public health goal and research priority. Age-associated cognitive aging is a normal human process, however, individual differences may aid in the mitigation of cognitive aging. Assessing the role of certain protective factors (i.e., age, marital status, and gender) that influence age-related cognitive aging is imperative to slow down the progression of unwarranted cognitive aging. Participants aged over 18 (N = 123; 97 females and 26 males) recruited from Sydney, New South Wales, and Gold Coast, Queensland, completed an online neuropsychological test battery with computer-administered tasks, assessing impulsivity and working memory, which were entered as dependent variables. A 3(Age Group: 18-27 years; 28-61 years; 62+ years) x2(Marital Status: married; single) x2(Gender: male; female) Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) design was used to examine the relationship between age, marital status, and gender (entered as independent variables) on cognitive aging. Participants' total scores from psychometrically sound measures assessing depressive symptomology, personal wellbeing, resilience, and social network engagement, were entered as covariates. No significant effects were found from the independent variables included in the MANCOVA. A significant covariate effect for resilience and depressive symptomology on impulsivity was found. A multiple regression analysis was performed on the significant covariates, and revealed increased resilience and depressive symptomology to significantly predict greater impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Bahr
- Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Robina, Australia
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35
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Mourelatos E. How personality affects reaction. A mental health behavioral insight review during the Pandemic. Curr Psychol 2021; 42:8644-8665. [PMID: 34744405 PMCID: PMC8563358 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fear caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is changing our psychology and behavior. This ongoing negative event, imposing restrictions such as home isolation and social distancing, can result in heightened anxiety, depression and a sense of loneliness, with immediate effects on mental health. This study investigates adolescents’ reaction to the pandemic, by analyzing the behavioral mental health trends of depression, anxiety and sense of loneliness, in relation to personality traits. After controlling for demographics and family background, our results reveal strong relationships between several personality traits and psychological health indicators, during the pandemic in Greece. A total of 419 secondary school students (aged 12–18) were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Big Five Inventory for measuring personality (BFI) and the Children’s Loneliness Questionnaire (CLS) during two time periods within pandemic. Overall, it appears that depression increased significantly in line with the escalation of the pandemic, while anxiety decreased, with the strongest predictors being the personality variables of extraversion, neuroticism and openness. Surprisingly, the study also revealed that the level of extraversion has a positive effect on changes in anxiety, while a negative one on changes in depression. On the other hand, neuroticism and openness seem to negatively correlate with anxiety changes and positively with depression changes. These findings highlight the importance of considering these variables in addressing individuals’ mental health behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic and elucidate the literature by offering a deeper understanding of the strong relationship between personality, depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Mourelatos
- Department of Economics, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Economics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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36
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Bottemanne H, Friston KJ. An active inference account of protective behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2021; 21:1117-29. [PMID: 34652601 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Newly emerging infectious diseases, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19), create new challenges for public healthcare systems. Before effective treatments, countering the spread of these infections depends on mitigating, protective behaviours such as social distancing, respecting lockdown, wearing masks, frequent handwashing, travel restrictions, and vaccine acceptance. Previous work has shown that the enacting protective behaviours depends on beliefs about individual vulnerability, threat severity, and one’s ability to engage in such protective actions. However, little is known about the genesis of these beliefs in response to an infectious disease epidemic, and the cognitive mechanisms that may link these beliefs to decision making. Active inference (AI) is a recent approach to behavioural modelling that integrates embodied perception, action, belief updating, and decision making. This approach provides a framework to understand the behaviour of agents in situations that require planning under uncertainty. It assumes that the brain infers the hidden states that cause sensations, predicts the perceptual feedback produced by adaptive actions, and chooses actions that minimize expected surprise in the future. In this paper, we present a computational account describing how individuals update their beliefs about the risks and thereby commit to protective behaviours. We show how perceived risks, beliefs about future states, sensory uncertainty, and outcomes under each policy can determine individual protective behaviours. We suggest that these mechanisms are crucial to assess how individuals cope with uncertainty during a pandemic, and we show the interest of these new perspectives for public health policies.
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37
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Hopfer S, Fields EJ, Lu Y, Ramakrishnan G, Grover T, Bai Q, Huang Y, Li C, Mark G. The social amplification and attenuation of COVID-19 risk perception shaping mask wearing behavior: A longitudinal twitter analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257428. [PMID: 34555060 PMCID: PMC8460003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Twitter represents a mainstream news source for the American public, offering a valuable vehicle for learning how citizens make sense of pandemic health threats like Covid-19. Masking as a risk mitigation measure became controversial in the US. The social amplification risk framework offers insight into how a risk event interacts with psychological, social, institutional, and cultural communication processes to shape Covid-19 risk perception. METHODS Qualitative content analysis was conducted on 7,024 mask tweets reflecting 6,286 users between January 24 and July 7, 2020, to identify how citizens expressed Covid-19 risk perception over time. Descriptive statistics were computed for (a) proportion of tweets using hyperlinks, (b) mentions, (c) hashtags, (d) questions, and (e) location. RESULTS Six themes emerged regarding how mask tweets amplified and attenuated Covid-19 risk: (a) severity perceptions (18.0%) steadily increased across 5 months; (b) mask effectiveness debates (10.7%) persisted; (c) who is at risk (26.4%) peaked in April and May 2020; (d) mask guidelines (15.6%) peaked April 3, 2020, with federal guidelines; (e) political legitimizing of Covid-19 risk (18.3%) steadily increased; and (f) mask behavior of others (31.6%) composed the largest discussion category and increased over time. Of tweets, 45% contained a hyperlink, 40% contained mentions, 33% contained hashtags, and 16.5% were expressed as a question. CONCLUSIONS Users ascribed many meanings to mask wearing in the social media information environment revealing that COVID-19 risk was expressed in a more expanded range than objective risk. The simultaneous amplification and attenuation of COVID-19 risk perception on social media complicates public health messaging about mask wearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Hopfer
- Department of Health, Society & Behavior, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Emilia J. Fields
- Department of Health, Society & Behavior, Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Yuwen Lu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Ganesh Ramakrishnan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ted Grover
- Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Quishi Bai
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Yicong Huang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Gloria Mark
- Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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38
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Kislyakov PA, Shmeleva EA. Prosocial Orientation of Russians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Caring for Others and Yourself. Front Psychol 2021; 12:629467. [PMID: 34305706 PMCID: PMC8295751 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.629467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the potentially devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital to identify psychosocial and moral resources. The care, preservation, protection, and well-being of social communities are attributes of prosocial behavior that can be such a resource. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of prosocial orientation of Russian youth during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to identify strategies for prosocial behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 447 people. The study was conducted in May 2020 in the form of an online survey of subjects using Google Forms ("Moral Foundations Questionnaire method" and "Portrait Values Questionnaire"). The research made it possible to establish that Russians were dominated by norms of care, fairness, purity; values of benevolence-universalism, security, and self-direction. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prosocial orientation of Russians may manifest itself in the following behavioral strategies: proactive prosocial strategy of "caring for others" (true altruism, expressed in forms of volunteering, helping a stranger, and charity despite the risk of contracting a coronavirus infection); egoistic strategy of prosocial behavior "self-care through caring for others" (volunteering based on self-development; helping a stranger to improve your own psychological well-being); conventional prosocial strategy "self-care" (self-isolation and preventive behavior). In the long run, it is necessary to identify personal and environmental resources that allowed people to effectively implement a prosocial self-isolation strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as various forms of volunteerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A. Kislyakov
- Department of Psychology, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
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Drury J, Rogers MB, Marteau TM, Yardley L, Reicher S, Stott C. Re-opening live events and large venues after Covid-19 'lockdown': Behavioural risks and their mitigations. Saf Sci 2021; 139:105243. [PMID: 34720424 PMCID: PMC8545776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the behavioural risks and possible mitigations for re-opening large venues for sports and music events when Covid-19 infection rates and hospitalizations begin to decline. We describe the key variables that we suggest will affect public behaviour relevant to the spread of the virus, drawing upon four sources: (1) relevant evidence and recommendations from the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Behaviours produced for the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE); (2) research evidence from non-pandemic conditions; (3) research on behaviour during the pandemic; and (4) relevant theory. We first outline some basic risks and a framework for understanding collective behaviour at live events. We then survey some trends in UK public behaviour observed over 2020 and how these might interact with the opening of live events and venues. We present a range of mitigation strategies, based on the framework for collective behaviour and on what is known about non-pharmaceutical (i.e. behavioural) interventions in relation to Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Drury
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - M Brooke Rogers
- Department of War Studies, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Theresa M Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Lucy Yardley
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephen Reicher
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Clifford Stott
- School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
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Jewett RL, Mah SM, Howell N, Larsen MM. Social Cohesion and Community Resilience During COVID-19 and Pandemics: A Rapid Scoping Review to Inform the United Nations Research Roadmap for COVID-19 Recovery. Int J Health Serv 2021; 51:325-336. [PMID: 33827308 PMCID: PMC8204038 DOI: 10.1177/0020731421997092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shock events uncover deficits in social cohesion and exacerbate existing social inequalities at the household, community, local, regional, and national levels. National and regional government recovery planning requires careful stakeholder engagement that centers on marginalized people, particularly women and marginalized community leaders. The aim of this rapid scoping review was to inform the United Nations Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery, based on Pillar 5 of the United Nations Framework for the Immediate Socioeconomic Response to COVID-19: Social Cohesion and Community Resilience. We present a summary of key concepts across the literature that helped situate this review. The results include a description of the state of the science and a review of themes identified as being crucial to sustainable and equitable recovery planning by the United Nations. The role of social cohesion during a disaster, particularly its importance for upstream planning and relationship building before a disaster occurs, is not well understood and is a promising area of future research. Understanding the applicability of social cohesion measurement methodologies and outcomes across different communities and geographies, as well as the development of new and relevant instruments and techniques, is urgently needed in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mandi M. Larsen
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS),
Jacobs University
Bremen, Germany
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41
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Zhang H, Yang J, Li Y, Ren G, Mu L, Cai Y, Luo Q, Zhou Y. The Patterns and Predictors of Loneliness for the Chinese Medical Students Since Post-Lockdown to New Normal With COVID-19. Front Public Health 2021; 9:679178. [PMID: 34277545 PMCID: PMC8281249 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.679178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related quarantine has had unique psychological challenges for medical students, particularly loneliness. In this study, we demonstrated the patterns and predictors of loneliness in medical students since post-lockdown to new normal with COVID-19. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used in this study. Face-to-face online questionnaires of UCLA Loneliness Scale and psychological characteristics scales were completed by 1,478 participants. Latent profile analysis and multinominal logistic regressions were performed. Results: Three latent profile models were identified in this study: low loneliness (52.3%), interpersonal sensitivity loneliness (3.5%), and high loneliness (44.1%). Sophomore (Est = 1.937; p < 0.05) and junior students (Est = 2.939; p < 0.05), neuroticism (Est = 2.475; p < 0.05), high arousal symptoms (Est = 2.618; p < 0.01), and the quality of support from friends (Est = 2.264; p < 0.05) were the risk factors for high loneliness profile. In addition, sophomore (Est = 2.065; p < 0.05) and junior students (Est = 2.702; p < 0.01), openness (Est = 2.303; p < 0.05), and conscientiousness personality (Est = −2.348; p < 0.05) were the predictors of an interpersonal sensitive loneliness profile. Good peer relationship (Est = −2.266; p < 0.05) and other support (Est = −2.247; p < 0.05) were protective factors for low loneliness profile. Limitations: Participants were selected from one medical university; the generalizability is limited. Conclusions: Timely loneliness-focused interventions should be targeted on the different profiles and predictors of loneliness in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gaoyue Ren
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Mu
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunjiang Cai
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiusha Luo
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqiu Zhou
- School of Nursing, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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O'Connor C, O'Connell N, Burke E, Dempster M, Graham CD, Scally G, Zgaga L, Nolan A, Nicolson G, Mather L, Barry J, Crowley P, Darker CD. Bordering on crisis: A qualitative analysis of focus group, social media, and news media perspectives on the Republic of Ireland-Northern Ireland border during the 'first wave' of the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Sci Med 2021; 282:114111. [PMID: 34147919 PMCID: PMC8412461 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE International border controls were among the earliest and most effective of measures to constrain transmission of COVID-19. However, such measures are complex when established borders are open yet politically contested, as for the border that divides the Republic of Ireland (ROI) from Northern Ireland (NI). Understanding how this border affected the everyday lives of both populations during the pandemic is important for informing the continued development of effective responses to COVID-19 and future health crises. OBJECTIVE This multi-methods study aimed to explore public perspectives on how the ROI-NI border affected experiences of and responses to the 'first wave' of the pandemic. METHOD The study collated data from focus groups (n = 8), news articles (n = 967), and Twitter posts (n = 356) on the island of Ireland, which mentioned the ROI-NI border in relation to COVID-19. Thematic analysis was used to explore the range of perspectives on the role played by the border during the early months of the pandemic. RESULTS Analysis identified three themes: Cross-Border Interdependencies illustrated the complexity and challenges of living near the border; Interpretations of Cross-Border Policy Disparities showed that lay publics perceived NI and ROI policy approaches as discordant and politicised; and Responses to Cross-Border Policy Disparities revealed alternating calls to either strengthen border controls, or pursue a unified all-island approach. CONCLUSIONS Results reveal clear public appetite for greater synchronisation of cross-border pandemic responses, emphasise the specific vulnerability of communities living near the border, and highlight the risk of long-term socio-political repercussions of border management decisions taken during the pandemic. Findings will inform implementation of pandemic responses and public health policies in jurisdictions that share a porous land border.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola O'Connell
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Emma Burke
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Martin Dempster
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | | | - Gabriel Scally
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, England, UK.
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ann Nolan
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dubin, Ireland.
| | - Gail Nicolson
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Luke Mather
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joseph Barry
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | - Catherine D Darker
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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Adam-troian J, Bagci SC. The pathogen paradox: Evidence that perceived COVID-19 threat is associated with both pro- and anti-immigrant attitudes. International Review of Social Psychology 2021; 34:11. [DOI: 10.5334/irsp.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Bearth A, Luchsinger L, Siegrist M. Reactions of older Swiss adults to the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal survey on the acceptance of and adherence to public health measures. Soc Sci Med 2021; 280:114039. [PMID: 34051558 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE An important public health strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic was the protection of people at risk of severe progressions of an infection; namely, older people and people with pre-existing conditions. OBJECTIVE To improve public health communication, it is vital to understand, which sociodemographic and psychological factors drive older people's acceptance of and compliance with public health measures. METHOD This goal was pursued in this three-wave longitudinal online study with older adults, collected between March and June during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 (N = 327; first and second wave during the national lockdown; third wave: after the lifting of most lockdown measures). RESULTS The results show that overall acceptance of and adherence to the public health measures were high among older adults and even more so for people with pre-existing conditions (e.g., cancer, type II diabetes). However, some infringements of the measures were observed, and the longitudinal analyses suggest that increases in social trust positively influenced acceptance of measures over time, while trivialising beliefs and health fears impacted older adults' compliance with protective measures over time. CONCLUSIONS This study offers insights into the behavioural responses of older adults to an ongoing threat and the associated uncertainty that is part of public communication about the pandemic and protective measures.
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Fritsche I, Masson T. Collective climate action: When do people turn into collective environmental agents? Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 42:114-9. [PMID: 34130199 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Effectively protecting the climate requires the action of groups. In the present review article, we aim to understand when individuals turn into collective climate actors. We first discuss pertinent models of group-based action and their relevance for explaining climate action. Then, we review recent research on how collective climate action is driven by ingroup identification, social norms, group-based emotions, and collective efficacy. Finally, we focus on when and why people feel a sense of collective agency aiming at inspiring a novel research agenda on collective climate action.
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Cruwys T, Stevens M, Donaldson JL, Cárdenas D, Platow MJ, Reynolds KJ, Fong P. Perceived COVID-19 risk is attenuated by ingroup trust: evidence from three empirical studies. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:869. [PMID: 33952235 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The social identity model of risk taking proposes that people take more risks with ingroup members because they trust them more. While this can be beneficial in some circumstances, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic it has the potential to undermine an effective public health response if people underestimate the risk of contagion posed by ingroup members, or overestimate the risk of vaccines or treatments developed by outgroup members. Methods Three studies (two prospective surveys, one experiment) with community-based adults tested the potential for the social identity model of risk taking to explain risk perception and risk taking in the context of COVID-19. Results Study 1 was a two-wave study with a pre-COVID baseline, and found that people who identified more strongly as a member of their neighborhood pre-COVID tended to trust their neighbors more, and perceive interacting with them during COVID-19 lockdown to be less risky. Study 2 (N = 2033) replicated these findings in a two-wave nationally representative Australian sample. Study 3 (N = 216) was a pre-registered experiment which found that people indicated greater willingness to take a vaccine, and perceived it to be less risky, when it was developed by an ingroup compared to an outgroup source. We interpret this as evidence that the tendency to trust ingroup members more could be harnessed to enhance the COVID-19 response. Conclusions Across all three studies, ingroup members were trusted more and were perceived to pose less health risk. These findings are discussed with a focus on how group processes can be more effectively incorporated into public health policy, both for the current pandemic and for future contagious disease threats.
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Neville FG, Templeton A, Smith JR, Louis WR. Social norms, social identities and the COVID-19 pandemic: Theory and recommendations. Soc Personal Psychol Compass 2021; 15:e12596. [PMID: 34230834 PMCID: PMC8250129 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sustained mass behaviour change is needed to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic, but many of the required changes run contrary to existing social norms (e.g., physical closeness with in-group members). This paper explains how social norms and social identities are critical to explaining and changing public behaviour. Recommendations are presented for how to harness these social processes to maximise adherence to COVID-19 public health guidance. Specifically, we recommend that public health messages clearly define who the target group is, are framed as identity-affirming rather than identity-contradictory, include complementary injunctive and descriptive social norm information, are delivered by in-group members and that support is provided to enable the public to perform the requested behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Templeton
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Reifegerste D, Wiedicke A, Temmann LJ, Scherr S. Mut zur Lücke. Verantwortungszuschreibungen auf der Ebene sozialer Beziehungen als neuer Bereich der Framing-Forschung zu Gesundheitsthemen. Publizistik 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11616-021-00652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungFrames der Verantwortungszuschreibung (Responsibility Frames) in der Medienberichterstattung betonen sowohl spezifische Ursachen als auch spezifische Lösungen für ein Thema. Die Forschung zum Responsibility Framing von Medieninhalten und deren Wirkungen untersucht diese Betonung bislang zumeist auf zwei verschiedenen Ebenen: der Individualebene und der gesellschaftlichen Ebene. Diese Betrachtungsweise vernachlässigt allerdings die wichtige mittlere Ebene des sozialen Umfelds der Menschen. Hier befinden sich zentrale Akteur*innen (wie Familie, Freund*innen oder Kolleg*innen), die als Ursache oder Lösung zu einem Problem beitragen können, was insbesondere bei Gesundheitsproblemen deutlich wird. Das Ziel des Beitrags ist es daher, die Ebene sozialer Beziehungen in das Konzept des Responsibility Framings zu integrieren. Dafür verknüpfen wir zentrale Elemente der sozialen Netzwerktheorie (Akteur*innen und ihre Funktionen für das Individuum) und der Attributionstheorie mit den Framing-Konzepten. Darauf aufbauend werden Konsequenzen für die zukünftige Forschung der Kommunikationswissenschaft abgeleitet.
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49
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Dennis AS, Moravec PL, Kim A, Dennis AR. Assessment of the Effectiveness of Identity-Based Public Health Announcements in Increasing the Likelihood of Complying With COVID-19 Guidelines: Randomized Controlled Cross-sectional Web-Based Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e25762. [PMID: 33819910 PMCID: PMC8045778 DOI: 10.2196/25762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public health campaigns aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19 are important in reducing disease transmission, but traditional information-based campaigns have received unexpectedly extreme backlash. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether customizing of public service announcements (PSAs) providing health guidelines to match individuals’ identities increases their compliance. Methods We conducted a within- and between-subjects, randomized controlled cross-sectional, web-based study in July 2020. Participants viewed two PSAs: one advocating wearing a mask in public settings and one advocating staying at home. The control PSA only provided information, and the treatment PSAs were designed to appeal to the identities held by individuals; that is, either a Christian identity or an economically motivated identity. Participants were asked about their identity and then provided a control PSA and treatment PSA matching their identity, in random order. The PSAs were of approximately 100 words. Results We recruited 300 social media users from Amazon Mechanical Turk in accordance with usual protocols to ensure data quality. In total, 8 failed the data quality checks, and the remaining 292 were included in the analysis. In the identity-based PSA, the source of the PSA was changed, and a phrase of approximately 12 words relevant to the individual’s identity was inserted. A PSA tailored for Christians, when matched with a Christian identity, increased the likelihood of compliance by 12 percentage points. A PSA that focused on economic values, when shown to individuals who identified as economically motivated, increased the likelihood of compliance by 6 points. Conclusions Using social media to deliver COVID-19 public health announcements customized to individuals’ identities is a promising measure to increase compliance with public health guidelines. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry 22331899; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN22331899.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Dennis
- Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Patricia L Moravec
- McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Antino Kim
- Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Alan R Dennis
- Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Fong P, Cruwys T, Robinson SL, Haslam SA, Haslam C, Mance PL, Fisher CL. Evidence that loneliness can be reduced by a whole-of-community intervention to increase neighbourhood identification. Soc Sci Med 2021; 277:113909. [PMID: 33866082 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Social identification with the people in one's neighbourhood has a wide variety of benefits for individual and community health and wellbeing. In particular, previous research shows that residents' social identification with their neighbourhood is protective of mental health. However, researchers are only just beginning to design and evaluate interventions that directly target social identification on health grounds. OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study evaluated a whole-of-community intervention at scale (Neighbour Day, 2019), in which Australian residents were encouraged to build social connections in their local community. Neighbour Day is a campaign that seeks to raise public awareness of the importance of connecting with neighbours and had a reach of approximately 300,000 people in 2019. METHODS Participants were 437 hosts of neighbourhood events held across 276 diverse suburbs across Australia. Participants were surveyed at three-time points; before and after Neighbour Day, as well as at six-month follow up. RESULTS Hosting a Neighbour Day event led to a significant increase in neighbourhood social identification, which was sustained six months later. This increase in social identification predicted increased social cohesion, reduced loneliness and improved wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that neighbourhood identification is an effective target mechanism to curb loneliness and social fragmentation in the community. Implications are discussed with a focus on how social identity-building interventions can be effectively implemented in community settings to benefit public health.
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