1
|
Gao X, Koven CD, Kueppers LM. Allometric relationships and trade-offs in 11 common Mediterranean-climate grasses. Ecol Appl 2024:e2976. [PMID: 38685864 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biomass allocation in plants is the foundation for understanding dynamics in ecosystem carbon balance, species competition, and plant-environment interactions. However, existing work on plant allometry has mainly focused on trees, with fewer studies having developed allometric equations for grasses. Grasses with different life histories can vary in their carbon investment by prioritizing the growth of specific organs to survive, outcompete co-occurring plants, and ensure population persistence. Further, because grasses are important fuels for wildfire, the lack of grass allocation data adds uncertainty to process-based models that relate plant physiology to wildfire dynamics. To fill this gap, we conducted a greenhouse experiment with 11 common California grasses varying in photosynthetic pathway and growth form. We measured plant sizes and harvested above- and belowground biomass throughout the life cycle of annual species, while for the establishment stage of perennial grasses to quantify allometric relationships for leaf, stem, and root biomass, as well as plant height and canopy area. We used basal diameter as a reference measure of plant size. Overall, basal diameter is the best predictor for leaf and stem biomass, height, and canopy area. Including height as another predictor can improve model accuracy in predicting leaf and stem biomass and canopy area. Fine root biomass is a function of leaf biomass alone. Species vary in their allometric relationships, with most variation occurring for plant height, canopy area, and stem biomass. We further explored potential trade-offs in biomass allocation across species between leaf and fine root, leaf and stem, and allocation to reproduction. Consistent with our expectation, we found that fast-growing plants allocated a greater fraction to reproduction. Additionally, plant height and specific leaf area negatively influenced the leaf-to-stem ratio. However, contrary to our hypothesis, there were no differences in root-to-leaf ratio between perennial and annual or C4 and C3 plants. Our study provides species-specific and functional-type-specific allometry equations for both above- and belowground organs of 11 common California grass species, enabling nondestructive biomass assessment in California grasslands. These allometric relationships and trade-offs in carbon allocation across species can improve ecosystem model predictions of grassland species interactions and environmental responses through differences in morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Gao
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Charles D Koven
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lara M Kueppers
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Golan G, Weiner J, Zhao Y, Schnurbusch T. Agroecological genetics of biomass allocation in wheat uncovers genotype interactions with canopy shade and plant size. New Phytol 2024; 242:107-120. [PMID: 38326944 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
How plants distribute biomass among organs influences resource acquisition, reproduction and plant-plant interactions, and is essential in understanding plant ecology, evolution, and yield production in agriculture. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating allocation responses to the environment are largely unknown. We studied recombinant lines of wheat (Triticum spp.) grown as single plants under sunlight and simulated canopy shade to investigate genotype-by-environment interactions in biomass allocation to the leaves, stems, spikes, and grains. Size-corrected mass fractions and allometric slopes were employed to dissect allocation responses to light limitation and plant size. Size adjustments revealed light-responsive alleles associated with adaptation to the crop environment. Combined with an allometric approach, we demonstrated that polymorphism in the DELLA protein is associated with the response to shade and size. While a gibberellin-sensitive allelic effect on stem allocation was amplified when plants were shaded, size-dependent effects of this allele drive allocation to reproduction, suggesting that the ontogenetic trajectory of the plant affects the consequences of shade responses for allocation. Our approach provides a basis for exploring the genetic determinants underlying investment strategies in the face of different resource constraints and will be useful in predicting social behaviours of individuals in a crop community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Golan
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Jacob Weiner
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Lan Y, Jiang C, Cui Y, He Y, Deng J, Lin M, Ye S. Leaf Traits Explain the Growth Variation and Nitrogen Response of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis and Dalbergia odorifera in Mixed Culture. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:988. [PMID: 38611517 PMCID: PMC11013580 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Mixed cultivation with legumes may alleviate the nitrogen (N) limitation of monoculture Eucalyptus. However, how leaf functional traits respond to N in mixed cultivation with legumes and how they affect tree growth are unclear. Thus, this study investigated the response of leaf functional traits of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (E. urophylla × E. grandis) and Dalbergia odorifera (D. odorifera) to mixed culture and N application, as well as the regulatory pathways of key traits on seedling growth. In this study, a pot-controlled experiment was set up, and seedling growth indicators, leaf physiology, morphological parameters, and N content were collected and analyzed after 180 days of N application treatment. The results indicated that mixed culture improved the N absorption and photosynthetic rate of E. urophylla × E. grandis, further promoting seedling growth but inhibiting the photosynthetic process of D. odorifera, reducing its growth and biomass. Redundancy analysis and path analysis revealed that leaf nitrogen content, pigment content, and photosynthesis-related physiological indicators were the traits most directly related to seedling growth and biomass accumulation, with the net photosynthetic rate explaining 50.9% and 55.8% of the variation in growth indicators for E. urophylla × E. grandis and D. odorifera, respectively. Additionally, leaf morphological traits are related to the trade-off strategy exhibited by E. urophylla × E. grandis and D. odorifera based on N competition. This study demonstrated that physiological traits related to photosynthesis are reliable predictors of N nutrition and tree growth in mixed stands, while leaf morphological traits reflect the resource trade-off strategies of different tree species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Yahui Lan
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Yuhong Cui
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Yaqin He
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Jiazhen Deng
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingye Lin
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Shaoming Ye
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (C.J.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (M.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen S, Huang K, Hu L, Wang P, Hu S. Precipitation- rather than temperature-driven pattern in belowground biomass and root:shoot ratio across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2024; 915:170158. [PMID: 38224890 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau faces dramatic global change, which can greatly affect its plant growth, biomass accumulation, and carbon cycling. However, it is still unclear how belowground plant biomass, which is the major part of vegetation biomass on the plateau, changes with different environmental factors, impeding accurate prediction of ecosystem carbon cycling under future global change scenarios. To reveal the patterns of belowground biomass and root:shoot ratio with environmental factors in different vegetation types on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we synthesized data for 158 sites from 167 publications, including 585 and 379 observations for above- and below-ground biomass, respectively. Data on temperature, precipitation, soil nitrogen content, evapotranspiration and solar radiation were collected from open databases. The results showed that precipitation, rather than temperature, was closely associated with other environmental factors including soil N and solar radiation. Also, both above- and below-ground biomass significantly increased with annual precipitation and its related environmental factors, while elevation-related coldness only slightly decreased aboveground biomass. In addition, the positive effect of precipitation on belowground biomass is more obvious in higher elevations (colder areas). As a result, root:shoot ratio significantly increased with precipitation in colder areas but not in warmer areas. Finally, the positive relationship between biomass and precipitation was stronger for dryer steppes than for wetter meadows and shrublands. Our findings indicate that precipitation, as well as the associated nitrogen availability and solar radiation, together are more important drivers than temperature for ecosystem productivity and biomass allocation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Given the heterogeneous trend of precipitation change on the plateau, productivity response to global change can be highly variable across different regions and vegetation types, which can consequently impact soil carbon dynamics and regional carbon cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Kailing Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China; Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lingyan Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee YJ, Park GE, Lee HI, Lee CB. Stand age-driven tree size variation and stand type regulate aboveground biomass in alpine-subalpine forests, South Korea. Sci Total Environ 2024; 915:170063. [PMID: 38218491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Alpine and subalpine forests in mountains worldwide are ecologically significant because of their unique biodiversity and increased vulnerability to climate change. This study was conducted to explore the possibilities and ways to preserve the ecological diversity of alpine-subalpine forests and their function as important carbon sinks. In this study, data from 664 plots (400 m2) were collected in the alpine-subalpine zones above 1000 m elevation in South Korea, we divided 664 plots into four stand types: conifer, conifer-dominant mixed, broadleaved-dominant mixed, and broadleaved stands. Abiotic drivers and forest successional stage-related factor including topographic, climatic drivers and stand age class were used. Biotic drivers including taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional, stand structural diversity, and community-weighted mean of functional traits were used to find independent variables controlling aboveground biomass (AGB) for each stand type. We employed multi-model averaging approach as well as piecewise structural equation modeling (pSEM) for the identification of the most influential variables affecting AGB in each stand type of alpine-subalpine forests and to quantify their interrelationships and strengths. The main results showed that tree size variation (i.e., DBH STD) induced by stand age had direct effects on AGB, with varying degrees of significance (β) ranging from 0.146 to 0.241 across all stand types in alpine-subalpine forests. Following these results, as forest succession progresses, tree species adapted to the specific environmental conditions, such as topography and climate, become dominant by creating their own niche, which increases AGB in each stand type. Additionally, climatic and topographic conditions played an important role in controlling biotic drivers depending on the stand type. In this study, we suggest that AGB should be managed and conserved depending on forest stand types according to forest succession. Furthermore, increasing size variation among tree individuals through proper forest treatments is important for increasing AGB in alpine-subalpine forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ju Lee
- Department of Climate Technology Convergence (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Major), Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneungro, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; Forest Carbon Graduate School, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneungro, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Eun Park
- Forest Ecology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-In Lee
- Department of Climate Technology Convergence (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Major), Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneungro, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; Forest Carbon Graduate School, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneungro, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bae Lee
- Department of Climate Technology Convergence (Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Major), Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneungro, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; Forest Carbon Graduate School, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneungro, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea; Department of Forestry, Environment, and Systems, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneungro, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharifi Kalyani F, Babaei S, Zafarsohrabpour Y, Nosratti I, Gage K, Sadeghpour A. Investigating the impacts of airborne dust on herbicide performance on Amaranthus retroflexus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3785. [PMID: 38360846 PMCID: PMC10869696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dust pollution poses environmental hazards, affecting agriculture through reduced sunlight exposure, photosynthesis, crop yields, and food security. This study explores the interference of dust pollution on herbicide efficacy to control weeds in a semi-arid region. In a factorial experiment conducted in 2019 and replicated in 2020, the interaction of dust and various herbicide applications, including bentazon, sulfosulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, aminopyralid + florasulam, foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron + thiencarbazone, 2,4-D + MCPA, and acetochlor, in controlling Amaranthus retroflexus L. were assessed. Dust induced a 9.2% reduction in the total chlorophyll content of A. retroflexus, while herbicide application independently led to a 67.5% decrease. Contrary to expectations, herbicides performed better in dust, except bentazon, which caused a 28% drop in plant height and a 29% decrease in total biomass compared to non-dust conditions. Both herbicides and dust exerted suppressive effects on A. retroflexus's leaf and stem weights and overall biomass. Despite dust presence, tribenuron-methyl (95.8%), aminopyralid + florasulam (95.7%), sulfosulfuron (96.5%), and foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron + thiencarbazone (97.8%) effectively controlled A. retroflexus. These findings indicate that dust's effect on herbicide efficacy is herbicide-dependent but except bentazon, dust generally increased herbicide efficacy and amplified the control of A. retroflexus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Sharifi Kalyani
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sirwan Babaei
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Management Program, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| | - Yasin Zafarsohrabpour
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Iraj Nosratti
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Karla Gage
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Management Program, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Amir Sadeghpour
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Management Program, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ragland CJ, Shih KY, Dinneny JR. Choreographing root architecture and rhizosphere interactions through synthetic biology. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1370. [PMID: 38355570 PMCID: PMC10866969 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is driving extreme changes to the environment, posing substantial threats to global food security and bioenergy. Given the direct role of plant roots in mediating plant-environment interactions, engineering the form and function of root systems and their associated microbiota may mitigate these effects. Synthetic genetic circuits have enabled sophisticated control of gene expression in microbial systems for years and a surge of advances has heralded the extension of this approach to multicellular plant species. Targeting these tools to affect root structure, exudation, and microbe activity on root surfaces provide multiple strategies for the advancement of climate-ready crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carin J Ragland
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Y Shih
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mulatu A, Negash M, Asrat Z. Species-specific allometric models for reducing uncertainty in estimating above ground biomass at Moist Evergreen Afromontane Forest of Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1147. [PMID: 38212359 PMCID: PMC10784490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
An allometric equation is used to convert easily measured tree variables into biomass. However, limited species-specific biomass equations are available for native tree species grown in various biomes of Ethiopia. The available pantropic generic equation has resulted in biases owing to the uncertainty of the generic model estimation due to the difference in tree nature and response to growth conditions. The objective of the study is, thus, to develop a species-specific allometric equation for reducing uncertainty in biomass estimation at the Moist Evergreen Afromontane Forest in south-central Ethiopia. Five tree species were selected for model development, these selected trees were harvested and weighed in the field. The measured above-ground biomass data related to easily measured tree variables: diameter at stump height, diameter at breast height (dbh), crown diameter, and total tree height. The developed model evaluated and compared with previously published model by using measures of goodness of fit such as coefficient of determination (R2), total relative error, mean prediction error, root mean square error, and Akaike information criteria. The analysis showed that a model with dbh as a single predictor variable was selected as the best model for the estimation of above-ground biomass. It gives the highest R2 for Syzygium guineense (0.992) and the lowest for Bersama abyssinica (0.879). The additions of other tree variables did not improve the model The pantropic model by Brown overestimates the biomass by 9.6-77.8% while both Chave models resulted in an estimation error of 12-50.3%. Our findings indicated that species-specific allometric equations outperformed both site-specific and pantropic models in estimating above-ground biomass by giving 0.1% up to 7.9% estimation error for the respective tree species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Mulatu
- Ethiopia Forest Development, Dire Dawa Center, P.O. Box 1708, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
| | - Mesele Negash
- Hawassa University, Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia
| | - Zerihun Asrat
- Hawassa University, Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo X, Schrader J, Shi P, Jiao Y, Miao Q, Xue J, Niklas KJ. Leaf-age and petiole biomass play significant roles in leaf scaling theory. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1322245. [PMID: 38179478 PMCID: PMC10764501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1322245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Foliage leaves are essential for plant survival and growth, and how plants allocate biomass to their leaves reveals their economic and ecological strategies. Prior studies have shown that leaf-age significantly influences leaf biomass allocation patterns. However, unravelling the effects of ontogeny on partitioning biomass remains a challenge because it is confounded by the effects of environmental factors. Here, we aim to elucidate whether leaf-age affects the allocation to the lamina and petiole by examining leaves of known age growing in the same general environmental context. We sampled 2698 Photinia serratifolia leaves developing in the same environment from April to November 2021, representing eight leaf-ages (n > 300 for each leaf-age). Petiole and lamina biomass, and lamina area were measured to evaluate the scaling relationships using reduced major axis regression protocols. The bootstrap percentile method was used to determine the differences in scaling exponents among the different leaf-ages. ANOVA with Tukey's HSD was used to compare the ratios of petiole and lamina biomass to lamina area across the leaf-ages. Correlation tests were used to determine if exponents, intercepts, and ratios differed significantly across the different leaf-ages. The data indicated that (i) the ratio of petiole and lamina biomass to lamina area and the scaling exponent of lamina biomass versus lamina area correlate positively with leaf-age, and (ii) the scaling exponent of petiole biomass versus lamina area correlates negatively with leaf-age. Leaf maturation process involves an inverse proportional allocation between lamina and petiole biomass for expanding photosynthetic area. This phenomenon underscores the effect of leaf-age on biomass allocation and the importance of adopting an ontogenetic perspective when entertaining plant scaling theories and unravelling the principles governing shifts in biomass allocation throughout the leaf lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchen Guo
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Julian Schrader
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peijian Shi
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yabing Jiao
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinyue Miao
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhui Xue
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Karl J. Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jaeger FC, Handa IT, Paquette A, Parker WC, Messier C. Young temperate tree species show different fine root acclimation capacity to growing season water availability. Plant Soil 2023; 496:485-504. [PMID: 38510944 PMCID: PMC10948563 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background and aims Changes in water availability during the growing season are becoming more frequent due to climate change. Our study aimed to compare the fine-root acclimation capacity (plasticity) of six temperate tree species aged six years and exposed to high or low growing season soil water availability over five years. Methods Root samples were collected from the five upper strata of mineral soil to a total soil depth of 30 cm in monoculture plots of Acer saccharum Marsh., Betula papyrifera Marsh., Larix laricina K. Koch, Pinus strobus L., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and Quercus rubra L. established at the International Diversity Experiment Network with Trees (IDENT) field experiment in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Four replicates of each monoculture were subjected to high or low water availability treatments. Results Absorptive fine root density increased by 67% for Larix laricina, and 90% for Picea glauca, under the high-water availability treatment at 0-5 cm soil depth. The two late successional, slower growing tree species, Acer saccharum and Picea glauca, showed higher plasticity in absorptive fine root biomass in the upper 5 cm of soil (PIv = 0.36 & 0.54 respectively), and lower plasticity in fine root depth over the entire 30 cm soil profile compared to the early successional, faster growing tree species Betula papyrifera and Larix laricina. Conclusion Temperate tree species show contrasting acclimation responses in absorptive fine root biomass and rooting depth to differences in water availability. Some of these responses vary with tree species successional status and seem to benefit both early and late successional tree species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-023-06377-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florentin C. Jaeger
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - I. Tanya Handa
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - William C. Parker
- Forest Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. Marie, ON Canada
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Institut des Sciences de La Forêt tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Feng H, Guo J, Peng C, Kneeshaw D, Roberge G, Pan C, Ma X, Zhou D, Wang W. Nitrogen addition promotes terrestrial plants to allocate more biomass to aboveground organs: A global meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:3970-3989. [PMID: 37078965 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A significant increase in reactive nitrogen (N) added to terrestrial ecosystems through agricultural fertilization or atmospheric deposition is considered to be one of the most widespread drivers of global change. Modifying biomass allocation is one primary strategy for maximizing plant growth rate, survival, and adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether and how plant biomass allocation strategies change in response to increased N inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we synthesized 3516 paired observations of plant biomass and their components related to N additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Our meta-analysis reveals that N addition (ranging from 1.08 to 113.81 g m-2 year-1 ) increased terrestrial plant biomass by 55.6% on average. N addition has increased plant stem mass fraction, shoot mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction by 13.8%, 12.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, but with an associated decrease in plant reproductive mass (including flower and fruit biomass) fraction by 3.4%. We further documented a reduction in plant root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 27% (21.8%-32.1%) and 14.7% (11.6%-17.8%), respectively, in response to N addition. Meta-regression results showed that N addition effects on plant biomass were positively correlated with mean annual temperature, soil available phosphorus, soil total potassium, specific leaf area, and leaf area per plant. Nevertheless, they were negatively correlated with soil total N, leaf carbon/N ratio, leaf carbon and N content per leaf area, as well as the amount and duration of N addition. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that N addition may alter terrestrial plant biomass allocation strategies, leading to more biomass being allocated to aboveground organs than belowground organs and growth versus reproductive trade-offs. At the global scale, leaf functional traits may dictate how plant species change their biomass allocation pattern in response to N addition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants/Hainan Biological Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants/Hainan Biological Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Roberge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chang Pan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kurosawa Y, Mori S, Wang M, Pedro Ferrio J, Nishizono T, Yamaji K, Koyama K, Haruma T, Doyama K. Ontogenetic changes in root and shoot respiration, fresh mass and surface area of Fagus crenata. Ann Bot 2023; 131:313-322. [PMID: 36567503 PMCID: PMC9992930 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To date, studies on terrestrial plant ecology and evolution have focused primarily on the trade-off patterns in the allocation of metabolic production to roots and shoots in individual plants and the scaling of whole-plant respiration. However, few empirical studies have investigated the root : shoot ratio by considering scaling whole-plant respiration at various sizes throughout ontogeny. METHODS Here, using a whole-plant chamber system, we measured the respiration rates, fresh mass and surface area of entire roots and shoots from 377 Fagus crenata individuals, from germinating seeds to mature trees, collected from five different Japanese provenances. Non-linear regression analysis was performed for scaling of root and shoot respiration, fresh mass and surface area with body size. KEY RESULTS Whole-plant respiration increased rapidly in germinating seeds. In the seedling to mature tree size range, the scaling of whole-plant respiration to whole-plant fresh mass was expressed as a linear trend on the log-log coordinates (exponent slightly greater than 0.75). In the same body size range, root and shoot respiration vs. whole-plant fresh mass were modelled by upward-convex (exponent decreased from 2.35 to 0.638) and downward-convex trends (exponent increased from -0.918 to 0.864), respectively. The root fraction in whole-plant respiration, fresh mass and surface area shifted continuously throughout ontogeny, increasing in smaller seedlings during early growth stages and decreasing in larger trees. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a gradual shift in allocation priorities of metabolic energy from roots in seedlings to shoots in mature trees, providing insights into how roots contribute to shoot and whole-plant growth during ontogeny. The models of root : shoot ratio in relation to whole-plant physiology could be applied in tree growth modelling, and in linking the different levels of ecological phenomena, from individuals to ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mofei Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Systems and the Environment, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomohiro Nishizono
- Department of Forest Management, Forestry and Forest Product Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Toshikatsu Haruma
- Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kohei Doyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou T, Du W, Wang J, Zhang L, Gao J, Shi N, Wang L, Wu Y, Tian B. Divergent responses of plant functional traits and biomass allocation to slope aspects in four perennial herbs of the alpine meadow ecosystem. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1092821. [PMID: 36938032 PMCID: PMC10016094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Slope aspect can cause environmental heterogeneity over relatively short distances, which in turn affects plant distribution, community structure, and ecosystem function. However, the response and adaptation strategies of plants to slope aspects via regulating their physiological and morphological properties still remain poorly understood, especially in alpine ecosystems. Here, we selected four common species, including Bistorta macrophylla, Bistorta vivipara, Cremanthodium discoideum, and Deschampsia littoralis, to test how biomass allocation and functional traits of height, individual leaf area, individual leaf mass, and specific leaf area (SLA) respond to variation in slope aspect in the Minshan Mountain, eastern Tibetan Plateau. We found that the slope aspect affected SLA and stem, flower mass fraction with higher values at southwest slope aspect, which is potentially related to light environment. The low-temperature environment caused by the slope aspect facilitates the accumulation of root biomass especially at the northeast slope aspect. Cremanthodium discoideum and D. littoralis invested more in belowground biomass in southeast and southwest slope aspects, although a large number of significant isometric allocations were found in B. macrophylla and B. vivipara. Finally, we found that both biotic and abiotic factors are responsible for the variation in total biomass with contrasting effects across different species. These results suggest that slope aspect, as an important topographic variable, strongly influences plant survival, growth, and propagation. Therefore, habitat heterogeneity stemming from topographic factors (slope aspect) can prevent biotic homogenization and thus contribute to the improvement of diverse ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Du
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinniu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Mangkang Biodiversity and Ecological Station, Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor Network, Changdu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Shi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Mangkang Biodiversity and Ecological Station, Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor Network, Changdu, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Aba Teachers University, Wenchuan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Binghui Tian
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lei Z, Han J, Chen Y, Zhang W, Cai X, Liu F, Zhang Y. The effect of shift in physiological and anatomical traits on light use efficiency under cotton domestication. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e13884. [PMID: 36852897 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of crop domestication on photosynthetic productivity has been well-studied, but at present, none examines its impacts on leaf anatomy and, consequently, light use efficiency in cotton. We investigated leaf and vein anatomy traits, light use efficiency (LUE) and gas exchange in 26 wild and 30 domesticated genotypes of cotton grown under field conditions. The results showed that domestication resulted in a higher photosynthetic rate, higher stomatal conductance, and lower lamina mass per area. Higher LUE was underpinned by the thicker leaves, greater vein volume, elongated palisade and higher chlorophyll content, although there was no difference in the apparent quantum yield. The lower vein mass per area in domesticated genotypes contributed to the reduction of lamina mass per area, but there was no decrease in vein length per area. Our study suggests that domestication has triggered a considerable shift in physiological and anatomical traits to support the increase in LUE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangying Lei
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimei Han
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Soil and Crop Science Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yunrui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Asefa M, Worthy SJ, Cao M, Song X, Lozano YM, Yang J. Above- and below-ground plant traits are not consistent in response to drought and competition treatments. Ann Bot 2022; 130:939-950. [PMID: 36001733 PMCID: PMC9851322 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Our understanding of plant responses to biotic and abiotic drivers is largely based on above-ground plant traits, with little focus on below-ground traits despite their key role in water and nutrient uptake. Here, we aimed to understand the extent to which above- and below-ground traits are co-ordinated, and how these traits respond to soil moisture gradients and plant intraspecific competition. METHODS We chose seedlings of five tropical tree species and grew them in a greenhouse for 16 weeks under a soil moisture gradient [low (drought), medium and high (well-watered) moisture levels] with and without intraspecific competition. At harvest, we measured nine above- and five below-ground traits of all seedlings based on standard protocols. KEY RESULTS In response to the soil moisture gradient, above-ground traits are found to be consistent with the leaf economics spectrum, whereas below-ground traits are inconsistent with the root economics spectrum. We found high specific leaf area and total leaf area in well-watered conditions, while high leaf dry matter content, leaf thickness and stem dry matter content were observed in drought conditions. However, below-ground traits showed contrasting patterns, with high specific root length but low root branching index in the low water treatment. The correlations between above- and below-ground traits across the soil moisture gradient were variable, i.e. specific leaf area was positively correlated with specific root length, while it was negatively correlated with root average diameter across moisture levels. However, leaf dry matter content was unexpectedly positively correlated with both specific root length and root branching index. Intraspecific competition has influenced both above- and below-ground traits, but interacted with soil moisture to affect only below-ground traits. Consistent with functional equilibrium theory, more biomass was allocated to roots under drought conditions, and to leaves under sufficient soil moisture conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the response of below-ground traits to plant intraspecific competition and soil moisture conditions may not be inferred using above-ground traits, suggesting that multiple resource use axes are needed to understand plant ecological strategies. Lack of consistent leaf-root trait correlations across the soil moisture gradient highlight the multidimensionality of plant trait relationships which needs more exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengesha Asefa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, 196, Ethiopia
| | - Samantha J Worthy
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Xiaoyang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - Yudi M Lozano
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Duan M, Li L, Ding G, Ma Z. Leading nutrient foraging strategies shaping by root system characteristics along the elevations in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:2468-2479. [PMID: 35849054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to root and mycorrhizal associations that define resource acquisition strategy, there is a need to identify the leading dimension across root physiology, morphology, architecture and whole plant biomass allocation to better predict the plant's responses to multiple environmental constraints. Here, we developed a new framework for understanding the variation in roots and symbiotic fungi by quantifying multiple-scale characteristics, ranging from anatomy to the whole plant. We chose the rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) grown at three elevations to test our framework and to identify the key dimensions for resource acquisition. Results showed that the quantities of absorptive roots and root system architecture, rather than single root traits, played the leading role in belowground resource acquisition. As the elevation increased from the low to high elevation, root length growth, productivity and root mass fraction (RMF) increased by 2.9-, 2.3- and 13.8-fold, respectively. The contribution of RMF to the changes in total root length was 3.6-fold that of specific root length (SRL). Root architecture exhibited higher plasticity than anatomy and morphology. Further, mycorrhizal colonization was highly sensitive to rising elevations with a non-monotonic pattern. By contrast, both leaf biomass and specific leaf area (traits) co-varied with increasing elevation. In summary, rubber trees changed root system architecture by allocating more biomass and lowering the reliance on mycorrhizal fungi rather than improving single root efficiency in adapting to high elevation. Our framework is instructive for traits-based ecology; accurate assessments of forest carbon cycling in response to resource gradient should account for the leading dimension of root system architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Duan
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Li
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Gaigai Ding
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zeqing Ma
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Q, Wen J, Zhao CZ, Zhao LC, Ke D. The relationship between the main leaf traits and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Phragmites australis under different habitats of a salt marsh in Qinwangchuan, China. AoB Plants 2022; 14:plac054. [PMID: 36518220 PMCID: PMC9743465 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf morphological and photosynthetic physiological characteristics are key functional traits in the adaptability of plants to heterogeneous environments. Analysis of the correlation between leaf morphological traits and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of salt marsh plants is helpful to deepen our understanding of how salt marsh plants adjust their leaf structure and function to adapt to their environment. However, there have been few studies on the relationship between leaf morphology and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of plants in inland salt marshes under a habitat gradient. A Phragmites australis community was divided into three plots based on differences in the wetland habitat conditions: a remote water area (plot I, 400-550 m from the water margin), a middle water area (plot II, 200-350 m from the water margin) and a near water area (plot III, 0-150 m from the water margin). The relationship between leaf morphological traits and photosynthetic physiological parameters of P. australis in heterogeneous habitats was studied. The results showed that as the habitat conditions changed from plot I to plot III, the soil characteristics, above-ground characteristics of the community and the photosynthetically active radiation changed significantly (P < 0.05). Besides, there was a highly significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) between leaf dry weight (LDW) and net photosynthetic rate (P n), the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Y(II), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII) and photochemical quenching (QP); and between leaf area and P n, Y(II) and QP in the three habitats. Moreover, in plot I, P. australis tended to have small and thick leaves with a low LDW and specific leaf area. In plot III, leaves were large and thin to adapt to the change in habitat conditions. This study provides a scientific theoretical basis for understanding the ecological adaptation strategies of plants in the harsh environment of an inland salt marsh and the conservation and management of wetland plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Corresponding authors’ e-mail addresses: ;
| | - Jun Wen
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | | | - Lian-Chun Zhao
- College of Economics, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dan Ke
- College of Resource and Environment, Xichang University, Xichang 615013, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ulm F, Estorninho M, de Jesus JG, de Sousa Prado MG, Cruz C, Máguas C. From a Lose-Lose to a Win-Win Situation: User-Friendly Biomass Models for Acacia longifolia to Aid Research, Management and Valorisation. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2865. [PMID: 36365319 PMCID: PMC9658486 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Woody invasive species pose a big threat to ecosystems worldwide. Among them, Acacia longifolia is especially aggressive, fundamentally changing ecosystem structure through massive biomass input. This biomass is rarely harvested for usage; thus, these plants constitute a nuisance for stakeholders who invest time and money for control without monetary return. Simultaneously, there is an increased effort to valorise its biomass, e.g., for compost, growth substrate or as biofuel. However, to incentivise A. longifolia harvest and usage, stakeholders need to be able to estimate what can be obtained from management actions. Thus, the total biomass and its quality (C/N ratio) need to be predicted to perform cost-benefit analyses for usage and determine the level of invasion that has already occurred. Here, we report allometric biomass models for major biomass pools, as well as give an overview of biomass quality. Subsequently, we derive a simplified volume-based model (BM ~ 6.297 + 0.982 × Vol; BM = total dry biomass and Vol = plant volume), which can be applied to remote sensing data or with in situ manual measurements. This toolkit will help local stakeholders, forest managers or municipalities to predict the impact and valorisation potential of this invasive species and could ultimately encourage its management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ulm
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Estorninho
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Guedes de Jesus
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Goden de Sousa Prado
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Sousa Prado & Filhos, Agropecuária Lda, 7645-239 Vila Nova de Milfontes, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cruz
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- cE3c–Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE–Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu X, Ali I, Iqbal A, Ullah S, Yuan P, Xu A, Xie D, Zhou Y, Long X, Zhang H, Yu J, Guo Z, Liang H, Wei S, Jiang L. Allometric Characteristics of Rice Seedlings under Different Transplanted Hills and Row Spacing: Impacts on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield. Plants 2022; 11:2508. [PMID: 36235375 PMCID: PMC9573414 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of seedlings per hill and the configuration of plant row spacing are important management measures to improve rice yield. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of various seedlings per hill (1, 3, 6, and 9 seedlings hill−1) under four different rice verities (two conventional rice, two hybrid rice) on allometric characteristics, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield in 2020 at early and late season. Results showed that compared with nine seedlings per hill (wide row spacing), the number of effective panicles, yield, grain biomass allocation, grain-to-leaf ratio, grain nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE), N harvest index (NHI) of 1 seedling per hill increased by 21.8%, 10.91%, 10.5%, 32.25%, 17.03%, 9.67%, 6.5%, respectively. With the increase of seedlings per hill and the expansion of row spacing, stem biomass (SB) and reproductive biomass (RB) increased with the increase of above-ground biomass, mainly showing the relationship of isometric growth. Leaf biomass (LB) increased with above-ground biomass, mainly showing the relationship of allometric growth. The results suggested that under the same basic seedlings, transplanting 1 seedling per hill and dense planting was the most beneficial to improve rice yield.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li L, Deng X, Zhang T, Tian Y, Ma X, Wu P. Propagation Methods Decide Root Architecture of Chinese Fir: Evidence from Tissue Culturing, Rooted Cutting and Seed Germination. Plants 2022; 11:plants11192472. [PMID: 36235338 PMCID: PMC9573102 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The root is the main organ of a plant for absorbing resources and whose spatial distribution characteristics play an important role in the survival of seedlings after afforestation. Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is one of China’s most important plantation species. To clarify the effects of propagation methods on root growth and spatial distribution characteristics of Chinese fir trees, sampled trees cultivated by seed germination, tissue culture, and asexual cutting of Chinese fir were taken as the research objects. The root morphology, geometric configuration, and spatial distribution characteristics of different trees were analyzed. The influence of geometric root morphology on its spatial distribution pattern was explored by correlation analysis, and the resource acquisition characteristics reflected by the roots of Chinese fir trees with different propagation methods are discussed. The main results showed that the root mean diameter (1.56 mm, 0.95 mm, and 0.97 mm), root volume (2.98 m3, 10.25 m3, and 4.07 m3), root tip count (397, 522, and 440), main root branch angle (61°, 50° and 32°) and other geometric configurations of Chinese fir under seed germination, tissue culture and rooted cutting respectively, were significantly different, which resulted in different distribution characteristics of roots in space. Chinese fir seed germination had noticeable axial roots, and the growth advantage was obvious in the vertical direction. A fishtail branch structure (TI = 0.87) was constructed. The shallow root distribution of tissue culture and rooted cutting was obvious, and belonged to the fork branch structure (TI = 0.71 and 0.74, respectively). There was a tradeoff in the spatial growth of the root system of Chinese fir trees with different propagation methods to absorb nutrients from heterogeneous soil patches. A negative correlation was present between the root system and root amplitude. There was an opposite spatial growth trend of Chinese fir trees with different propagation methods in the vertical or horizontal direction. In conclusion, selecting suitable propagation methods to cultivate Chinese fir trees is beneficial to root development and the “ideal” configuration formation of resource acquisition to improve the survival rate of Chinese fir afforestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxin Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xianhua Deng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunlong Tian
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiangqing Ma
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-591-83780261
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Anton CB, DeCesare NJ, Peterson C, Hayes TA, Bishop CJ. Climate, habitat interactions, and mule deer resource selection on winter landscapes. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colby B. Anton
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | | | | | - Teagan A. Hayes
- Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Chad J. Bishop
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guo Z, Miao W, Lyu Y, Sun H, Fan D, Wang X. Are fine roots ‘leaves underground' in terms of allometry? A test in a tropical forest successional series in southwest China. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Guo
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry Univ. Haidian District Beijing China
| | - Wenhao Miao
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry Univ. Haidian District Beijing China
| | - Yueming Lyu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry Univ. Haidian District Beijing China
| | - Han Sun
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry Univ. Haidian District Beijing China
| | - Dayong Fan
- School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry Univ. Haidian District Beijing China
| | - Xiangping Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry Univ. Haidian District Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khan A, Shen F, Yang L, Xing W, Clothier B. Limited Acclimation in Leaf Morphology and Anatomy to Experimental Drought in Temperate Forest Species. Biology 2022; 11:biology11081186. [PMID: 36009813 PMCID: PMC9404820 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Climate change shown to have a significant impact on the forest ecosystem due to increased and more frequent occurrence of extreme drought. However, in order to successfully adjust to the xeric environments, plants can usually adopt a variety of adaptation strategies. Here, we investigated the morpho-anatomical traits and biomass allocation patterns as acclimation mechanisms in drought conditions. We found that the interrelation between leaf morphological and anatomical traits were equally affected by drought conditions across all species. This suggests that there is no convincing evidence to classify taxa based on drought resistance vs. drought tolerance. However, based on the biomass allocation pattern, we found that P. koraiensis and F. mandshurica had the higher RMF and total PB, but lower LFM, suggesting higher drought tolerance than those of the other species. Therefore, our dataset revealed some easily measurable traits, such as LMF, RMF, and PB, which demonstrated the seedling’s ability to cope with drought and which could be utilized to choose drought-tolerant species for reforestation in the temperate forest. Abstract Drought is a critical and increasingly common abiotic factor that has impacts on plant structures and functioning and is a challenge for the successful management of forest ecosystems. Here, we test the shifts in leaf morpho-anatomical or hydraulic traits and plant growth above ground caused by drought. A factorial experiment was conducted with two gymnosperms (Larix gmelinii and Pinus koraiensis) and two angiosperms (Fraxinus mandshurica and Tilia amurensis), tree species grown under three varying drought intensities in NE China. Considering all the species studied, the plant height (PH), root collar diameter (RCD), and plant biomass (PB) were significantly decreased by drought. The leaf thickness (LT) increased, while the leaf area (LA) decreased with drought intensity. In the gymnosperms, the mesophyll thickness (MT) increased, and the resin duct decreased, while in the angiosperms the palisade mesophyll thickness (PMT), the spongy mesophyll thickness (SMT), and the abaxial (ABE) and adaxial epidermis (ADE) thickness were increased by drought. The correlation analysis revealed that P. koraiensis and F. mandshurica had the higher RMF and total plant biomass, but the least LMF, suggesting drought tolerance. In contrast, the L. gmelinii had the least RMF and higher LMF, suggesting vulnerability to drought. Similarly, T. amurensis had the higher leaf size, which increased the evaporative demand and depleted the soil water quickly relative to the other species. The interrelation among the morpho-anatomical leaf traits was equally affected by drought across all the studied species, suggesting that there is no clear evidence to differentiate the taxa based on drought resistance vs. drought tolerance. Thus, we have identified some easily measurable traits (i.e., LMF, RMF, and PB) which evidenced the seedling’s ability to cope with drought and which therefore could be used as proxies in the selection of drought tolerant species for reforestation in the temperate forest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attaullah Khan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lixue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Brent Clothier
- Sustainable Production, New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Azuma WA, Kawai K, Tanabe T, Nakahata R, Hiura T. Intraspecific variation in growth‐related traits—from leaf to whole‐tree—in three provenances of
Cryptomeria japonica
canopy trees grown in a common garden. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wakana A. Azuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Kiyosada Kawai
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Otsu Japan
- Forestry Division Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) Tsukuba Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanabe
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Ryo Nakahata
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsutom Hiura
- Department of Ecosystem Studies The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Phenotypic integration is a concept related to the cascade of trait relationships from the lowest organizational levels, i.e. genes, to the highest, i.e. whole-organism traits. However, the cause-and-effect linkages between traits are notoriously difficult to determine. In particular, we still lack a mathematical framework to model the relationships involved in the integration of phenotypic traits. Here, we argue that allometric models developed in ecology offer testable mathematical equations of trait relationships across scales. We first show that allometric relationships are pervasive in biology at different organizational scales and in different taxa. We then present mechanistic models that explain the origin of allometric relationships. In addition, we emphasized that recent studies showed that natural variation does exist for allometric parameters, suggesting a role for genetic variability, selection and evolution. Consequently, we advocate that it is time to examine the genetic determinism of allometries, as well as to question in more detail the role of genome size in subsequent scaling relationships. More broadly, a possible-but so far neglected-solution to understand phenotypic integration is to examine allometric relationships at different organizational levels (cell, tissue, organ, organism) and in contrasted species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Vasseur
- CEFE, University Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, University Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, University Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun Z, Prachanun N, Sonsuthi A, Chanthorn W, Brockelman WY, Nathalang A, Lin L, Bongers F. Whole-Plant Seedling Functional Traits Suggest Lianas Also Support “Fast-Slow” Plant Economics Spectrum. Forests 2022; 13:990. [DOI: 10.3390/f13070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lianas are predicted to perform better than trees during seasonal drought among tropical forests, which has substantial implications for tree and forest dynamics. Here, we use whole-plant trait comparison to test whether lianas allocated on the resource acquisitive end of the continuum of woody plant strategies. We measured morphological and biomass allocation traits for seedlings of 153 species of trees and lianas occurring in a tropical forest in Thailand during the dry season. We first compared trait differences between lianas and trees directly, and then classified all species based on their trait similarities. We found that liana seedlings had significantly higher specific leaf areas and specific stem lengths than co-occurring tree seedlings. Trait similarity classification resulted in a liana-dominated cluster and a tree-dominated cluster. Compared to the tree-dominated cluster, species in the liana-dominated cluster were characterized by a consistent pattern of lower dry matter content and cheaper and more efficient per dry mass unit investment in both above- and below-ground organs. The consistency of all organs operating in tandem for dry matter content, together with optimized investment in them per mass unit, implied that the lianas and trees can be highly overlapped on the strategy gradient of the resource acquisition continuum.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun SS, Liu XP, Zhao XY, Medina-Roldánd E, He YH, Lv P, Hu HJ. Annual Herbaceous Plants Exhibit Altered Morphological Traits in Response to Altered Precipitation and Drought Patterns in Semiarid Sandy Grassland, Northern China. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:756950. [PMID: 35812936 PMCID: PMC9260268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.756950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events and severe drought are predicted to increase in semiarid areas due to global climate change. Plant morphological traits can reflect plant responses to a changing environment, such as altered precipitation or drought patterns. In this study, we examined the response of morphological traits of root, stem, leaf and reproduction meristems of annual herbaceous species to altered precipitation and drought patterns in a semiarid sandy grassland. The study involved a control treatment (100% of background precipitation) and the following six altered precipitation treatments: (1) P(+): precipitation increased by 30%, (2) P(++): precipitation increased by 60%, (3) P(-): precipitation decreased by 30%, (4) P(--): precipitation decreased by 60%, (5) drought 1 (D1): 46-day drought from May 1st to June 15th, and (6) drought 2 (D2): 46-day drought from July 1st to August 15th. P(++) significantly increased root length, flower length-to-width ratio, both P(+) and P(++) significantly increased stem length and flower number in the plant growing seasons, while all of them decreased under P(-) and P(--). The annual herbaceous plants marginally increased the number of second-level stem branches and stem diameter in order to better resist the severe drought stress under P(--). P(+) and P(++) increased the root, stem, leaf, and flower dry weight, with the flower dry weight accounting for a larger proportion than the other aboveground parts. Under D2, the plants used the limited water resources more efficiently by increasing the root-to-shoot ratio compared with P(-), P(--) and D1, which reflects biomass allocation to belowground increased. The linear mixed-effects models and redundancy analysis showed that the root-to-shoot ratio and the dry weight of various plant components were significantly affected by morphological traits and altered precipitation magnitude. Our results showed that the herbaceous species have evolved morphological trait responses that allow them to adapt to climate change. Such differences in morphological traits may ultimately affect the growing patterns of annual herbaceous species, enhancing their drought-tolerant capacity in semiarid sandy grassland during the ongoing climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Sun
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ping Liu
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhao
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Eduardo Medina-Roldánd
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hui He
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Hu
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Piponiot C, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Davies SJ, Allen D, Bourg NA, Burslem DFRP, Cárdenas D, Chang-Yang CH, Chuyong G, Cordell S, Dattaraja HS, Duque Á, Ediriweera S, Ewango C, Ezedin Z, Filip J, Giardina CP, Howe R, Hsieh CF, Hubbell SP, Inman-Narahari FM, Itoh A, Janík D, Kenfack D, Král K, Lutz JA, Makana JR, McMahon SM, McShea W, Mi X, Bt Mohamad M, Novotný V, O'Brien MJ, Ostertag R, Parker G, Pérez R, Ren H, Reynolds G, Md Sabri MD, Sack L, Shringi A, Su SH, Sukumar R, Sun IF, Suresh HS, Thomas DW, Thompson J, Uriarte M, Vandermeer J, Wang Y, Ware IM, Weiblen GD, Whitfeld TJS, Wolf A, Yao TL, Yu M, Yuan Z, Zimmerman JK, Zuleta D, Muller-Landau HC. Distribution of biomass dynamics in relation to tree size in forests across the world. New Phytol 2022; 234:1664-1677. [PMID: 35201608 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree size shapes forest carbon dynamics and determines how trees interact with their environment, including a changing climate. Here, we conduct the first global analysis of among-site differences in how aboveground biomass stocks and fluxes are distributed with tree size. We analyzed repeat tree censuses from 25 large-scale (4-52 ha) forest plots spanning a broad climatic range over five continents to characterize how aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality vary with tree diameter. We examined how the median, dispersion, and skewness of these size-related distributions vary with mean annual temperature and precipitation. In warmer forests, aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality were more broadly distributed with respect to tree size. In warmer and wetter forests, aboveground biomass and woody productivity were more right skewed, with a long tail towards large trees. Small trees (1-10 cm diameter) contributed more to productivity and mortality than to biomass, highlighting the importance of including these trees in analyses of forest dynamics. Our findings provide an improved characterization of climate-driven forest differences in the size structure of aboveground biomass and dynamics of that biomass, as well as refined benchmarks for capturing climate influences in vegetation demographic models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Piponiot
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
- UR Forests and Societies, Cirad, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Stuart J Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - David Allen
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Norman A Bourg
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - David F R P Burslem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Dairon Cárdenas
- Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas Sinchi, Bogota, DC, Colombia
| | - Chia-Hao Chang-Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, 80424
| | - George Chuyong
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Susan Cordell
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | | | - Álvaro Duque
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sisira Ediriweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Corneille Ewango
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, BP 2012, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Zacky Ezedin
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jonah Filip
- Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Christian P Giardina
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Robert Howe
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, 54311-7001, USA
| | - Chang-Fu Hsieh
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Akira Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 5588585, Japan
| | - David Janík
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Kenfack
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology, Silva Tarouca Research Institute, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - James A Lutz
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Jean-Remy Makana
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, BP 2012, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - William McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093
| | - Mohizah Bt Mohamad
- Research Development and Innovation Division, Forest Department Sarawak, Bangunan Baitul Makmur 2, Medanraya, Petrajaya, Kuching, 93050, Malaysia
| | - Vojtěch Novotný
- Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Geoffrey Parker
- Forest Ecology Group, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Rolando Pérez
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
| | - Haibao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093
| | - Glen Reynolds
- The Royal Society SEARRP (UK/Malaysia), Danum Valley Field Centre, Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Danial Md Sabri
- Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, 52109, Malaysia
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ankur Shringi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Raman Sukumar
- Centre for Ecological Sciences and Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - I-Fang Sun
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974301
| | - Hebbalalu S Suresh
- Centre for Ecological Sciences and Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Duncan W Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0SB, UK
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - John Vandermeer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yunquan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004
| | - Ian M Ware
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - George D Weiblen
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - Amy Wolf
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, 54311-7001, USA
| | - Tze Leong Yao
- Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, 52109, Malaysia
| | - Mingjian Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- CAS Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Daniel Zuleta
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Helene C Muller-Landau
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jiménez-Leyva A, Orozco-Avitia J, Gutiérrez A, Vargas G, Sánchez E, Muñoz E, Esqueda M. Functional plasticity of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum through multiple traits. AoB Plants 2022; 14:plac017. [PMID: 35774379 PMCID: PMC9237842 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of functional traits still has not been studied enough in model plant species, even less so in little-known species. This experiment was carried out under the extreme heat of Sonoran Desert, using shading nets and under conditions where the availability of water and nutrients was not a stress factor. We evaluated how the low, intermediate and high sunlight regimes impact survival and promote multiple alterations on phenological and ecophysiological response of cultivated Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum plants. Extremely warm temperatures promoted a high heat sum in degrees days throughout plants development. Most plants grown in high sunlight regimes did not survive; under intermediate sunlight regimes survival was high and plants developed vegetative and reproductively; but under low sunlight regimes plants survival was high; however, they developed just vegetatively. Photosynthetic response to light suggests that plants are physiologically acclimated to low and intermediate irradiance, whereas the CO2 assimilation curves suggest contrasting photosynthetic capacity traits. Under the intermediate sunlight regimes, plants strengthened their performance through multiple functional traits (e.g. CO2 and water diffusion traits, photosynthetic capacity, respiration, among others). Consequently, their biomass gain was faster and proportionally higher by 76 % with an investment of 14 % in fruits development. The principal components analysis extracted the main explanatory functional traits: photosynthetic nitrogen allocation, stomatal limitation, mesophyll conductance, Rubisco maximum carboxylation velocity, among others. In conclusion, phenological response and multiple functional traits determine plants acclimation to sunlight regimes and extremely warm temperatures in short term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jiménez-Leyva
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304, México
| | - Jesús Orozco-Avitia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304, México
| | - Aldo Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304, México
| | - Georgina Vargas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304, México
| | - Esteban Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Av. 4ta Sur 3820, Fracc. Vencedores del Desierto, Delicias, Chihuahua C.P. 33089, México
| | - Ezequiel Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Av. 4ta Sur 3820, Fracc. Vencedores del Desierto, Delicias, Chihuahua C.P. 33089, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cabon A, Kannenberg SA, Arain A, Babst F, Baldocchi D, Belmecheri S, Delpierre N, Guerrieri R, Maxwell JT, McKenzie S, Meinzer FC, Moore DJP, Pappas C, Rocha AV, Szejner P, Ueyama M, Ulrich D, Vincke C, Voelker SL, Wei J, Woodruff D, Anderegg WRL. Cross-biome synthesis of source versus sink limits to tree growth. Science 2022; 376:758-761. [PMID: 35549405 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm4875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Uncertainties surrounding tree carbon allocation to growth are a major limitation to projections of forest carbon sequestration and response to climate change. The prevalence and extent to which carbon assimilation (source) or cambial activity (sink) mediate wood production are fundamentally important and remain elusive. We quantified source-sink relations across biomes by combining eddy-covariance gross primary production with extensive on-site and regional tree ring observations. We found widespread temporal decoupling between carbon assimilation and tree growth, underpinned by contrasting climatic sensitivities of these two processes. Substantial differences in assimilation-growth decoupling between angiosperms and gymnosperms were determined, as well as stronger decoupling with canopy closure, aridity, and decreasing temperatures. Our results reveal pervasive sink control over tree growth that is likely to be increasingly prominent under global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Cabon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Altaf Arain
- McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Soumaya Belmecheri
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91405 Orsay, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Justin T Maxwell
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Shawn McKenzie
- McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - David J P Moore
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christoforos Pappas
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada.,Département Science et Technologie, Téluq, Université du Québec, Bureau 1105, Montréal, Quebec H2S 3L5, Canada
| | - Adrian V Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Paul Szejner
- Geology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Danielle Ulrich
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Caroline Vincke
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Steven L Voelker
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Jingshu Wei
- Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
| | - David Woodruff
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chandregowda MH, Tjoelker MG, Pendall E, Zhang H, Churchill AC, Power SA. Root trait shifts towards an avoidance strategy promote productivity and recovery in
C
3
and
C
4
pasture grasses under drought. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha H. Chandregowda
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Amber C. Churchill
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
- Department of Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behaviour University of Minnesota 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave St. Paul MN USA
| | - Sally A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Delerue F, Scattolin M, Atteia O, Cohen GJV, Franceschi M, Mench M. Biomass partitioning of plants under soil pollution stress. Commun Biol 2022; 5:365. [PMID: 35440753 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polluted sites are ubiquitous worldwide but how plant partition their biomass between different organs in this context is unclear. Here, we identified three possible drivers of biomass partitioning in our controlled study along pollution gradients: plant size reduction (pollution effect) combined with allometric scaling between organs; early deficit in root surfaces (pollution effect) inducing a decreased water uptake; increased biomass allocation to roots to compensate for lower soil resource acquisition consistent with the optimal partitioning theory (plant response). A complementary meta-analysis showed variation in biomass partitioning across published studies, with grass and woody species having distinct modifications of their root: shoot ratio. However, the modelling of biomass partitioning drivers showed that single harvest experiments performed in previous studies prevent identifying the main drivers at stake. The proposed distinction between pollution effects and plant response will help to improve our knowledge of plant allocation strategies in the context of pollution. An empirical study with different levels of soil pollution and a meta-analysis provide insight into the drivers of plant biomass partitioning under soil pollution stress.
Collapse
|
33
|
Thakur D, Münzbergová Z. Rhizome trait scaling relationships are modulated by growth conditions and are linked to plant fitness. Ann Bot 2022; 129:529-540. [PMID: 35180294 PMCID: PMC9007095 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Rhizomes are important organs allowing many clonal plants to persist and reproduce under stressful climates with longer rhizomes, indicating enhanced ability of the plants to spread vegetatively. We do not, however, know either how rhizome construction costs change with increasing length or how they vary with environmental conditions. METHODS We analysed the rhizome length vs. mass scaling relationship, the plasticity in the scaling relationships, their genetic basis and how scaling relationships are linked to plant fitness. We used data from 275 genotypes of a clonal grass Festuca rubra originating from 11 localities and cultivated under four contrasting climates. Data were analysed using standard major axis regression, mixed-effect regression models and a structural equation model. KEY RESULTS Rhizome construction costs increased (i.e. lower specific rhizome length) with increasing length. The trait scaling relationships were modulated by cultivation climate, and its effects also interacted with the climate of origin of the experimental plants. With increasing length, increasing moisture led to a greater increase in rhizome construction costs. Plants with lower rhizome construction costs showed significantly higher fitness. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that rhizome scaling relationships are plastic, but also show genetic differentiation and are linked to plant fitness. Therefore, to persist under variable environments, modulation in scaling relationships could be an important plant strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thakur
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Volkov I, Tovo A, Anfodillo T, Rinaldo A, Maritan A, Banavar JR. Seeing the forest for the trees through metabolic scaling. PNAS Nexus 2022; 1:pgac008. [PMID: 36712800 PMCID: PMC9802057 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that when power scaling occurs for an individual tree and in a forest, there is great resulting simplicity notwithstanding the underlying complexity characterizing the system over many size scales. Our scaling framework unifies seemingly distinct trends in a forest and provides a simple yet promising approach to quantitatively understand a bewilderingly complex many-body system with imperfectly known interactions. We show that the effective dimension, D tree , of a tree is close to 3, whereas a mature forest has D forest approaching 1. We discuss the energy equivalence rule and show that the metabolic rate-mass relationship is a power law with an exponent D/(D + 1) in both cases leading to a Kleiber's exponent of 3/4 for a tree and 1/2 for a forest. Our work has implications for understanding carbon sequestration and for climate science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Volkov
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, 20052 Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna Tovo
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Anfodillo
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Università di Padova, 35020 Agripolis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldo
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Erktan A, Roumet C, Munoz F. Dissecting fine root diameter distribution at the community level captures root morphological diversity. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Erktan
- AMAP, INRA, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Montpellier Montpellier France
- J.F. Blumenbach Inst. of Zoology and Anthropology, Univ. of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | | | - François Munoz
- AMAP, INRA, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Montpellier Montpellier France
- Univ. Grenoble‐Alpes, LIPhy Grenoble
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Farooq TH, Xincheng X, Shakoor A, Rashid MHU, Bashir MF, Nawaz MF, Kumar U, Shahzad SM, Yan W. Spatial distribution of carbon dynamics and nutrient enrichment capacity in different layers and tree tissues of Castanopsis eyeri natural forest ecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:10250-10262. [PMID: 34519003 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystem carbon (C) storage primarily includes vegetation layers C storage, litter C storage, and soil C storage. The precise assessment of forest ecosystem C storage is a major concern that has drawn widespread attention in global climate change worldwide. This study explored the C storage of different layers of the forest ecosystem and the nutrient enrichment capacity of the vegetation layer to the soil in the Castanopsis eyeri natural forest ecosystem (CEF) present in the northeastern Hunan province, central China. The direct field measurements were used for the estimations. Results illustrate that trunk biomass distribution was 48.42% and 62.32% in younger and over-mature trees, respectively. The combined biomass of the understory shrub, herb, and litter layers was 10.46 t·hm-2, accounting for only 2.72% of the total forest biomass. On average, C content increased with the tree age increment. The C content of tree, shrub, and herb layers was 45.68%, 43.08%, and 35.76%, respectively. Litter C content was higher in the undecomposed litter (44.07 %). Soil C content continually decreased as the soil depth increased, and almost half of soil C was stored in the upper soil layer. Total C stored in CEF was 329.70 t·hm-2 and it follows the order: tree layer > soil layer > litter layer > shrub layer > herb layer, with C storage distribution of 51.07%, 47.80%, 0.78%, 0.25%, and 0.10%, respectively. Macronutrient enrichment capacity from vegetation layers to soil was highest in the herb layer and lowest in the tree layer, whereas no consistent patterns were observed for trace elements. This study will help understand the production mechanism and ecological process of the C. eyeri natural forest ecosystem and provide the basics for future research on climate mitigation, nutrient cycling, and energy exchange in developing and utilizing sub-tropical vegetation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, a Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Xen Xincheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Muhammad Haroon U Rashid
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uttam Kumar
- Institute of Applied Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Wende Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bartušková A, Lubbe FC, Qian J, Herben T, Klimešová J. The effect of moisture, nutrients and disturbance on storage organ size and persistence in temperate herbs. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Bartušková
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic
| | | | - Jianqiang Qian
- College of Forestry Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sun Y, Wang Y, Yan Z, He L, Ma S, Feng Y, Su H, Chen G, Feng Y, Ji C, Shen H, Fang J. Above- and belowground biomass allocation and its regulation by plant density in six common grassland species in China. J Plant Res 2022; 135:41-53. [PMID: 34669087 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Above- and belowground biomass allocation is an essential plant functional trait that reflects plant survival strategies and affects belowground carbon pool estimation in grasslands. However, due to the difficulty of distinguishing living and dead roots, estimation of biomass allocation from field-based studies currently show large uncertainties. In addition, the dependence of biomass allocation on plant species, functional type as well as plant density remains poorly addressed. Here, we conducted greenhouse manipulation experiments to study above- and belowground biomass allocation and its density regulation for six common grassland species with different functional types (i.e., C3 vs C4; annuals vs perennials) from temperate China. To explore the density regulation on the biomass allocation, we used five density levels: 25, 100, 225, 400, and 625 plant m-2. We found that mean root to shoot ratio (R/S) values ranged from 0.04 to 0.92 across the six species, much lower than those obtained in previous field studies. We also found much lower R/S values in annuals than in perennials (C. glaucum and S. viridis vs C. squarrosa, L. chinensis, M. sativa and S. grandis) and in C4 plants than in C3 plants (C. squarrosa vs L. chinensis, M. sativa and S. grandis). In addition to S. grandis, plant density had significant effects on the shoot and root biomass fraction and R/S for the other five species. Plant density also affected the allometric relationships between above- and belowground biomass significantly. Our results suggest that R/S values obtained from field investigations may be severely overestimated and that R/S values vary largely across species with different functional types. Our findings provide novel insights into approximating the difficult-to-measure belowground living biomass in grasslands, and highlight that species composition and intraspecific competition will regulate belowground carbon estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Sun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yupin Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhengbing Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luoshu He
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuhao Feng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haojie Su
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yinping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Župunski M, Arsenov D, Borišev M, Nikolić N, Pajević S. Should I GROW or should I SLOW: A meta-analysis of fast-growing tree-species grown in cadmium perturbed environment. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13594. [PMID: 34766630 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Variations in soil chemical composition may lead to disturbances in plant growth and survival. Which strategies of biomass allocation fast-growing species acquire to overcome the disturbances in the rhizosphere remains an open research challenge. We conducted a series of greenhouse pot experiments to collect enough experimental evidence to elucidate the answer. A tiered analytical approach was applied to collected data to fingerprint both the intraspecies and interspecies differences. We investigated the biomass allocation patterns in Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus × euramericana, Populus deltoides, Salix alba, Salix matsudana Koidz., and Salix viminalis L. (18 fast-growing genotypes in total) under cadmium-free and cadmium-perturbed soil conditions. Further, we explored the intraspecific and interspecific differences between tested plants and looked for different strategies employed under perturbed conditions. We show that fast-growing species tend to strengthen their roots toward the Cd triggered perturbances in the rhizosphere and allocate more biomass to that plant organ/part. Intraspecies analyses pointed to differences in resource use efficiency and acquisition strategy based on specific leaf area, pointing toward P. deltoides genotypes PE19/66 and PD3, and S. alba B44 as strong, fast-growing oriented genotypes. Others exhibited more or less a conservative resource use and acquisition strategy under perturbed conditions. Our study highlights the intraspecies and interspecies specificity of fast-growing species to Cd occurrence in the rhizosphere. Association of growth traits and Cd-related traits tested with structural equation model highlighted the shoots bioconcentration index as a proxy-trait which directly interplay with the functional traits performance and modify the biomass shift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Župunski
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Milan Borišev
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nikolić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hiltbrunner E, Arnaiz J, Körner C. Biomass allocation and seasonal non-structural carbohydrate dynamics do not explain the success of tall forbs in short alpine grassland. Oecologia 2021; 197:1063-1077. [PMID: 34047842 PMCID: PMC8591020 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The majority of alpine plants are of small stature. Through their small size alpine plants are decoupled from the free atmospheric circulation and accumulate solar heat. However, a few alpine species do not follow that "rule" and protrude with their aboveground structures from the microclimatic shelter of the main canopy boundary layer. We aim at explaining the phenomenon of being tall by exploring the biomass production and carbon relations of four pairs of small and tall phylogenetically related taxa in alpine grassland. We compared species and stature-specific biomass allocation, shifts in non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations in different tissues throughout the season, and we used 13C labels to track carbon transfer from leaves to belowground structures. Small and tall herbs did not differ in their above- to belowground biomass allocation. The NSC composition (starch, fructan, simple sugars) and allocation did not show a stature-specific pattern, except for higher concentrations of simple sugars in tall species during their extended shoot growth. In relative terms, tall species had higher NSC pools in rhizomes, whereas small species had higher NSC pools in roots. Our findings do not place tall alpine forbs in an exceptional category in terms of biomass allocation and carbohydrate storage. The tall versus small stature of the examined herbs does not seem to be associated with specific adjustments in carbon relations. 13C pulse labelling revealed early C autonomy in young, unfolding leaves of the tall species, which are thus independent of the carbon reserves in the massive belowground organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hiltbrunner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas Arnaiz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Körner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lei ZY, Wang H, Wright IJ, Zhu XG, Niinemets Ü, Li ZL, Sun DS, Dong N, Zhang WF, Zhou ZL, Liu F, Zhang YL. Enhanced photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and increased nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic machinery under cotton domestication. Photosynth Res 2021; 150:239-250. [PMID: 34669149 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Domestication involves dramatic phenotypic and physiological diversifications due to successive selection by breeders toward high yield and quality. Although photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is a major trait for understanding leaf nitrogen economy, it is unclear whether PNUE of cotton has been improved under domestication. Here, we investigated the effect of domestication on nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic machinery and PNUE in 25 wild and 37 domesticated cotton genotypes. The results showed that domesticated genotypes had higher nitrogen content per mass (Nm), net photosynthesis under saturated light (Asat), and PNUE but similar nitrogen content per area (Na) compared with wild genotypes. As expected, in both genotypes, PNUE was positively related to Asat but negatively correlated with Na. However, the relative contribution of Asat to PNUE was greater than the contribution from Na. Domesticated genotypes had higher nitrogen allocation to light-harvesting (NL, nitrogen in light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex), to bioenergetics (Nb, total nitrogen of cytochrome f, ferredoxin NADP reductase, and the coupling factor), and to Rubisco (Nr) than wild genotypes; however, the two genotype groups did not differ in PNUEp, the ratio of Asat to Np (itself the sum of NL, Nb, and Nr). Our results suggest that more nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic machinery has boosted Asat under cotton domestication. Improving the efficiency of nitrogen use in photosynthetic machinery might be future aim to enhance Asat of cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Ying Lei
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zi-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Wang-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gonzalez‐Akre E, Piponiot C, Lepore M, Herrmann V, Lutz JA, Baltzer JL, Dick CW, Gilbert GS, He F, Heym M, Huerta AI, Jansen PA, Johnson DJ, Knapp N, Král K, Lin D, Malhi Y, McMahon SM, Myers JA, Orwig D, Rodríguez‐Hernández DI, Russo SE, Shue J, Wang X, Wolf A, Yang T, Davies SJ, Anderson‐Teixeira KJ. allodb
: An R package for biomass estimation at globally distributed extratropical forest plots. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gonzalez‐Akre
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal VA USA
| | - Camille Piponiot
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal VA USA
- Forest Global Earth Observatory Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Panama
- UR Forests and Societies Cirad Univ Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Mauro Lepore
- Forest Global Earth Observatory Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
| | - Valentine Herrmann
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal VA USA
| | - James A. Lutz
- Wildland Resources Department Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | | | | | - Gregory S. Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Fangliang He
- Biodiversity & Landscape Modeling Group University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Michael Heym
- Faculty of Forest Science and Resource Management Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Alejandra I. Huerta
- Deptartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Patrick A. Jansen
- Forest Global Earth Observatory Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Panama
- Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen Netherlands
| | - Daniel J. Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Nikolai Knapp
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Leipzig Germany
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems Eberswalde Germany
| | - Kamil Král
- Department of Forest Ecology Silva Tarouca Research Institute Brno Czech Republic
| | - Dunmei Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco‐Environment, Ministry of Education Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabrina E. Russo
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln Lincoln NE USA
| | - Jessica Shue
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater MD USA
| | - Xugao Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Amy Wolf
- Natural & Applied Sciences University of Wisconsin Green Bay WI USA
| | - Tonghui Yang
- Forestry Institute Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science Ningbo China
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- Forest Global Earth Observatory Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Panama
| | - Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal VA USA
- Forest Global Earth Observatory Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama Panama
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu B, Han F, Xing K, Zhang A, Rengel Z. The Response of Plants and Mycorrhizal Fungi to Nutritionally-Heterogeneous Environments Are Regulated by Nutrient Types and Plant Functional Groups. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:734641. [PMID: 34868118 PMCID: PMC8634332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient type and plant functional group are both important in influencing proliferation of roots or hyphae and their benefit to plant growth in nutritionally heterogeneous environments. However, the studies quantifying relative importance of roots vs. hyphae affecting the plant response to nutrient heterogeneity are lacking. Here, we used meta-analysis based on 879 observations from 66 published studies to evaluate response patterns of seven variables related to growth and morphological traits of plants and mycorrhizal fungi in nutritionally heterogeneous environments. We found that phosphorus [P] and organic fertilizer [OF] supply significantly increased shoot (+18.1 and +25.9%, respectively) and root biomass (+31.1 and +23.0%, respectively) and root foraging precision (+11.8 and +20.4%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference among functional groups of herbs (grasses, forbs, and legumes), between herbs and woody species, and between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species in the shoot, root and mycorrhizal fungi responses to nutrient heterogeneity, except for root biomass and root foraging precision among grasses, forbs, and legumes, and mycorrhizal hyphal foraging precision between AM and ECM tree species. Root diameter was uncorrelated with neither root foraging precision nor mycorrhizal hyphal foraging precision, regardless of mycorrhizal type or nutrient type. These results suggest that plant growth and foraging strategies are mainly influenced by nutrient type, among other factors including plant functional type and mycorrhizal type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bitao Liu
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Fei Han
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Kaixiong Xing
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska‐Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon‐Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. New Phytol 2021; 232:973-1122. [PMID: 34608637 PMCID: PMC8518129 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T. Freschet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSHCentre PACA, site AgroparcINRAE84914Avignon cedex 9France
| | - Colleen M. Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Louise H. Comas
- USDA‐ARS Water Management Research Unit2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320Fort CollinsCO80526USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna1190Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of Botany CASDukelska 13537901TrebonCzech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesParkowa 562‐035KórnikPoland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG‐2)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHD‐52425JülichGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | | | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Plant SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska‐Zadworna
- Department of General BotanyInstitute of Experimental BiologyFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 661-614PoznańPoland
| | - A. Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee,DD2 5DAUK
- School of Science and EngineeringUniversity of DundeeDundee,DD1 4HNUK
| | | | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and BiogeochemistrySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1085Amsterdam1081 HVthe Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Ina C. Meier
- Functional Forest EcologyUniversity of HamburgHaidkrugsweg 122885BarsbütelGermany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 476700 AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University935 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyONP3E 2C6Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental SciencesCMLLeiden UniversityLeiden2300 RAthe Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAEAMAPCIRAD, IRDCNRSUniversity of MontpellierMontpellier34000France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical BotanyDepartment of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL33199USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 21-23Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia140 E. Green StreetAthensGA30602USA
| | - Larry M. York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for ClimateUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem StudiesMillbrookNY12545USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of BotanyInstitute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Goiás1974690-900Goiânia, GoiásBrazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley (Perth)WA 6009Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawley (Perth)WAAustralia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - M. Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree ScienceMorton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53LisleIL60532USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon-Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. New Phytol 2021. [PMID: 34608637 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572.hal-03379708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T Freschet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSH, Centre PACA, site Agroparc, INRAE, 84914, Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Louise H Comas
- USDA-ARS Water Management Research Unit, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelska 135, 37901, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Johannes A Postma
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas S Adams
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee,, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee,, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Haidkrugsweg 1, 22885, Barsbütel, Germany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAE, AMAP, CIRAD, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sarah A Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, 19, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kume A, Kamachi H, Onoda Y, Hanba YT, Hiwatashi Y, Karahara I, Fujita T. How plants grow under gravity conditions besides 1 g: perspectives from hypergravity and space experiments that employ bryophytes as a model organism. Plant Mol Biol 2021; 107:279-291. [PMID: 33852087 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved and grown under the selection pressure of gravitational force at 1 g on Earth. In response to this selection pressure, plants have acquired gravitropism to sense gravity and change their growth direction. In addition, plants also adjust their morphogenesis in response to different gravitational forces in a phenomenon known as gravity resistance. However, the gravity resistance phenomenon in plants is poorly understood due to the prevalence of 1 g gravitational force on Earth: not only it is difficult to culture plants at gravity > 1 g(hypergravity) for a long period of time but it is also impossible to create a < 1 genvironment (μg, micro g) on Earth without specialized facilities. Despite these technical challenges, it is important to understand how plants grow in different gravity conditions in order to understand land plant adaptation to the 1 g environment or for outer space exploration. To address this, we have developed a centrifugal device for a prolonged duration of plant culture in hypergravity conditions, and a project to grow plants under the μg environment in the International Space Station is also underway. Our plant material of choice is Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens, one of the pioneer plants on land and a model bryophyte often used in plant biology. In this review, we summarize our latest findings regarding P. patens growth response to hypergravity, with reference to our on-going "Space moss" project. In our ground-based hypergravity experiments, we analyzed the morphological and physiological changes and found unexpected increments of chloroplast size and photosynthesis rate, which might underlie the enhancement of growth and increase in the number of gametophores and rhizoids. We further discussed our approaches at the cellular level and compare the gravity resistance in mosses and that in angiosperms. Finally, we highlight the advantages and perspectives from the space experiments and conclude that research with bryophytes is beneficial to comprehensively and precisely understand gravitational responses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kume
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamachi
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuko T Hanba
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiwatashi
- School of Food Industrial Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Ichirou Karahara
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schrader J, Wright IJ, Kreft H, Westoby M. A roadmap to plant functional island biogeography. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2851-2870. [PMID: 34423523 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Island biogeography is the study of the spatio-temporal distribution of species, communities, assemblages or ecosystems on islands and other isolated habitats. Island diversity is structured by five classes of process: dispersal, establishment, biotic interactions, extinction and evolution. Classical approaches in island biogeography focused on species richness as the deterministic outcome of these processes. This has proved fruitful, but species traits can potentially offer new biological insights into the processes by which island life assembles and why some species perform better at colonising and persisting on islands. Functional traits refer to morphological and phenological characteristics of an organism or species that can be linked to its ecological strategy and that scale up from individual plants to properties of communities and ecosystems. A baseline hypothesis is for traits and ecological strategies of island species to show similar patterns as a matched mainland environment. However, strong dispersal, environmental and biotic-interaction filters as well as stochasticity associated with insularity modify this baseline. Clades that do colonise often embark on distinct ecological and evolutionary pathways, some because of distinctive evolutionary forces on islands, and some because of the opportunities offered by freedom from competitors or herbivores or the absence of mutualists. Functional traits are expected to be shaped by these processes. Here, we review and discuss the potential for integrating functional traits into island biogeography. While we focus on plants, the general considerations and concepts may be extended to other groups of organisms. We evaluate how functional traits on islands relate to core principles of species dispersal, establishment, extinction, reproduction, biotic interactions, evolution and conservation. We formulate existing knowledge as 33 working hypotheses. Some of these are grounded on firm empirical evidence, others provide opportunities for future research. We organise our hypotheses under five overarching sections. Section A focuses on plant functional traits enabling species dispersal to islands. Section B discusses how traits help to predict species establishment, successional trajectories and natural extinctions on islands. Section C reviews how traits indicate species biotic interactions and reproduction strategies and which traits promote intra-island dispersal. Section D discusses how evolution on islands leads to predictable changes in trait values and which traits are most susceptible to change. Section E debates how functional ecology can be used to study multiple drivers of global change on islands and to formulate effective conservation measures. Islands have a justified reputation as research models. They illuminate the forces operating within mainland communities by showing what happens when those forces are released or changed. We believe that the lens of functional ecology can shed more light on these forces than research approaches that do not consider functional differences among species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schrader
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Holger Kreft
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gaudio N, Violle C, Gendre X, Fort F, Mahmoud R, Pelzer E, Médiène S, Hauggaard‐Nielsen H, Bedoussac L, Bonnet C, Corre‐Hellou G, Couëdel A, Hinsinger P, Steen Jensen E, Journet E, Justes E, Kammoun B, Litrico I, Moutier N, Naudin C, Casadebaig P. Interspecific interactions regulate plant reproductive allometry in cereal–legume intercropping systems. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Gaudio
- AGIRUniversité de ToulouseINRAE Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- UMR 5175 CEFE Univ. MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRD Montpellier France
| | | | - Florian Fort
- UMR 5175 CEFE Univ. MontpellierCNRSEPHEInstitut AgroIRD Montpellier France
| | - Rémi Mahmoud
- AGIRUniversité de ToulouseINRAE Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Elise Pelzer
- Université Paris‐SaclayAgroParisTechINRAEUMR Agronomie Thiverval‐Grignon France
| | - Safia Médiène
- Université Paris‐SaclayAgroParisTechINRAEUMR Agronomie Thiverval‐Grignon France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Hinsinger
- Eco&SolsUniversité de MontpellierINRAE, CIRADInstitut AgroIRD Montpellier France
| | - Erik Steen Jensen
- Cropping Systems EcologyDepartment of Biosystems and Technology Alnarp Sweden
| | - Etienne‐Pascal Journet
- AGIRUniversité de ToulouseINRAE Castanet‐Tolosan France
- LIPMEUniversité de ToulouseCNRS Castanet‐Tolosan France
| | - Eric Justes
- AGIRUniversité de ToulouseINRAE Castanet‐Tolosan France
- CIRADPersyst Department Montpellier France
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Naudin
- USC ESA‐INRAE LEVAEcole Supérieure d’Agricultures Angers Cedex France
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- Han‐Jian Hu
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Kang Xu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Ling‐Chao He
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Gen‐Xuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|