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Mogi M, Ikegawa Y, Haga S, Hoshide S, Kario K. Hypertension facilitates age-related diseases. ~ Is hypertension associated with a wide variety of diseases?~. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1246-1259. [PMID: 38491107 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, a disease whose prevalence increases with age, induces pathological conditions of ischemic vascular disorders such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction due to accelerated arteriosclerosis and circulatory insufficiency of small arteries and sometimes causes hemorrhagic conditions such as cerebral hemorrhage and ruptured aortic aneurysm. On the other hand, as it is said that aging starts with the blood vessels, impaired blood flow associated with vascular aging is the basis for the development of many pathological conditions, and ischemic changes in target organs associated with vascular disorders result in tissue dysfunction and degeneration, inducing organ hypofunction and dysfunction. Therefore, we hypothesized that hypertension is associated with all age-related vascular diseases, and attempted to review the relationship between hypertension and diseases for which a relationship has not been previously well reported. Following our review, we hope that a collaborative effort to unravel age-related diseases from the perspective of hypertension will be undertaken together with experts in various specialties regarding the relationship of hypertension to all pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Ikegawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Haga
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hoshide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Ge D, Huang Y, Yao Q. The impact and mechanism of nerve injury on bone metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149699. [PMID: 38412668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
With an increasing understanding of the mechanisms of fracture healing, it has been found that nerve injury plays a crucial role in the process, but the specific mechanism is yet to be completely revealed. To address this issue and provide novel insights for fracture treatment, we compiled this review. This review aims to study the impact of nerve injury on fracture healing, exploring the role of neurotrophic factors in the healing process. We first revisited the effects of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) on the skeletal system, and further explained the phenomenon of significantly accelerated fracture healing under nerve injury conditions. Then, from the perspective of neurotrophic factors, we delved into the physiological functions and mechanisms of neurotrophic factors, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), Neuropeptides (NPs), and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in bone metabolism. These effects include direct actions on bone cells, improvement of local blood supply, regulation of bone growth factors, control of cellular signaling pathways, promotion of callus formation and bone regeneration, and synergistic or antagonistic effects with other endocrine factors, such as Sema3A and Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β). Finally, we discussed the treatments of fractures with nerve injuries and the future research directions in this review, suggesting that the relationship between nerve injury and fracture healing, as well as the role of nerve injury in other skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Huang
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals & Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing & Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Research Center of Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.
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Ma C, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Hu CH, Zheng CX, Jin Y, Sui BD. Autonomic neural regulation in mediating the brain-bone axis: mechanisms and implications for regeneration under psychological stress. QJM 2024; 117:95-108. [PMID: 37252831 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient regeneration of bone defects caused by disease or significant trauma is a major challenge in current medicine, which is particularly difficult yet significant under the emerging psychological stress in the modern society. Notably, the brain-bone axis has been proposed as a prominent new concept in recent years, among which autonomic nerves act as an essential and emerging skeletal pathophysiological factor related to psychological stress. Studies have established that sympathetic cues lead to impairment of bone homeostasis mainly through acting on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives with also affecting the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-lineage osteoclasts, and the autonomic neural regulation of stem cell lineages in bone is increasingly recognized to contribute to the bone degenerative disease, osteoporosis. This review summarizes the distribution characteristics of autonomic nerves in bone, introduces the regulatory effects and mechanisms of autonomic nerves on MSC and HSC lineages, and expounds the crucial role of autonomic neural regulation on bone physiology and pathology, which acts as a bridge between the brain and the bone. With the translational perspective, we further highlight the autonomic neural basis of psychological stress-induced bone loss and a series of pharmaceutical therapeutic strategies and implications toward bone regeneration. The summary of research progress in this field will add knowledge to the current landscape of inter-organ crosstalk and provide a medicinal basis for the achievement of clinical bone regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - C-H Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - C-X Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - B-D Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Zhao Y, Peng X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang L, Xu Y, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk Between the Neuroendocrine System and Bone Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:95-124. [PMID: 37459436 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The homeostasis of bone microenvironment is the foundation of bone health and comprises 2 concerted events: bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. In the early 21st century, leptin, an adipocytes-derived hormone, was found to affect bone homeostasis through hypothalamic relay and the sympathetic nervous system, involving neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. This discovery has provided a new perspective regarding the synergistic effects of endocrine and nervous systems on skeletal homeostasis. Since then, more studies have been conducted, gradually uncovering the complex neuroendocrine regulation underlying bone homeostasis. Intriguingly, bone is also considered as an endocrine organ that can produce regulatory factors that in turn exert effects on neuroendocrine activities. After decades of exploration into bone regulation mechanisms, separate bioactive factors have been extensively investigated, whereas few studies have systematically shown a global view of bone homeostasis regulation. Therefore, we summarized the previously studied regulatory patterns from the nervous system and endocrine system to bone. This review will provide readers with a panoramic view of the intimate relationship between the neuroendocrine system and bone, compensating for the current understanding of the regulation patterns of bone homeostasis, and probably developing new therapeutic strategies for its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaole Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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Xi Y, Pan W, Liu Y, Liu J, Xu G, Su Y, Chen D, Ye X. α-Lipoic acid loaded hollow gold nanoparticles designed for osteoporosis treatment: preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2023; 51:131-138. [PMID: 36912372 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2149542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease among the ageing society. Oxidative stress caused by excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the aetiology of osteoporosis. α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant in the body, which can eliminate excess ROS in the body and inhibits levels of oxidative stress in cells. Herein, we designed PEGylated hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) loaded with ALA (mPEG@HGNPs-ALA) to remove ROS in the treatment of osteoporosis. First, mPEG@HGNPs with a particle size of ∼63 nm has been successfully synthesized. By comparing the drug loading of mPEG@HGNPs, it was concluded that the optimal mass ratio of mPEG@HGNPs (calculated by the amount of gold) to ALA was ∼1:2. ABTS antioxidant assay showed that free radical removal ability. In vitro results revealed that the preparation had good biocompatibility. At the gold concentration of 1-150 μg/mL, the cell viability of mPEG@HGNPs was more than 100%, which indicated that it could promote the proliferation of osteoblasts. What's more, mPEG@HGNPs-ALA could effectively remove the ROS caused by H2O2 injury and improve the cell viability. According to these results, it can be considered that mPEG@HGNPs-ALA has the potential to treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Xi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanguo Su
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Singh K, Teyani RL, Moniri NH. Agonists and hydrogen peroxide mediate hyperoxidation of β2-adrenergic receptor in airway epithelial cells: Implications for tachyphylaxis to β2-agonists in constrictive airway disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115763. [PMID: 37865997 PMCID: PMC10842251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and other airway obstructive disorders are characterized by heightened inflammation and excessive airway epithelial cell reactive oxygen species (ROS), which give rise to a highly oxidative environment. After decades of use, β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists remain at the forefront of treatment options for asthma, however, chronic use of β2-agonists leads to tachyphylaxis to the bronchorelaxant effects, a phenomenon that remains mechanistically unexplained. We have previously demonstrated that β2AR agonism increases ROS generation in airway epithelial cells, which upholds proper receptor function via feedback oxidation of β2AR cysteine thiolates to Cys-S-sulfenic acids (Cys-SOH). Our previous results also demonstrate that prevention of normal redox cycling of this post-translational oxi-modification back to the thiol prevents proper receptor function. Given that Cys-S-sulfenic acids can be irreversibly overoxidized to Cys-S-sulfinic (Cys-SO2H) or S-sulfonic (Cys-SO3H) acids, which are incapable of further participation in redox reactions, we hypothesized that β2-agonist tachyphylaxis may be explained by hyperoxidation of β2AR to S-sulfinic acids. Here, using airway epithelial cell lines and primary small airway epithelial cells from healthy and asthma-diseased donors, we show that β2AR agonism generates H2O2 in a receptor and NAPDH oxidase-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that acute and chronic receptor agonism can facilitate β2AR S-sulfination, and that millimolar H2O2 concentrations are deleterious to β2AR-mediated cAMP formation, an effect that can be rescued to a degree in the presence of the cysteine-donating antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Our results reveal that the oxidative state of β2AR may contribute to receptor functionality and may, at least in part, explain β2-agonist tachyphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Razan L Teyani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207, USA.
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Pae EK, Harper RM. Intermittent hypoxia in neonatal rodents affects facial bone growth. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282937. [PMID: 37819881 PMCID: PMC10566710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm human infants often show periodic breathing (PB) or apnea of prematurity (AOP), breathing patterns which are accompanied by intermittent hypoxia (IH). We examined cause-effect relationships between transient IH and reduced facial bone growth using a rat model. Neonatal pups from 14 timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to an IH condition, with oxygen altering between 10% and 21% every 4 min for 1 h immediately after birth, or to a litter-matched control group. The IH pups were compared with their age- and sex-matched control groups in body weight (WT), size of facial bones and nor-epinephrine (NE) levels in blood at 3, 4, and 5-weeks. Markedly increased activity of osteoclasts in sub-condylar regions of 3-week-old IH-treated animals appeared, as well as increased numbers of sympathetic nerve endings in the same region of tissue sections. Male IH-pups showed significantly higher levels of NE levels in sera at 3, 4 as well as 5-week-old time points. NE levels in 4- and-5-week-old female pups did not differ significantly. Intercondylar Width, Mandible Length and Intermolar Width measures consistently declined after IH insults in 3- and 4-week-old male as well as female animals. Three-week-old male IH-pups only showed a significantly reduced (p < 0.05) body weight compared to those of 3-week controls. However, female IH-pups were heavier than age-matched controls at all 3 time-points. Trabecular bone configuration, size of facial bones, and metabolism are disturbed after an IH challenge 1 h immediately after birth. The findings raise the possibility that IH, introduced by breathing patterns such as PB or AOP, induce significantly impaired bone development and metabolic changes in human newborns. The enhanced NE outflow from IH exposure may serve a major role in deficient bone growth, and may affect bone and other tissue influenced by that elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung-Kwon Pae
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MA, United States of America
| | - Ronald M. Harper
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Weerasinghe DK, Hodge JM, Pasco JA, Samarasinghe RM, Azimi Manavi B, Williams LJ. Antipsychotic-induced bone loss: the role of dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptor signalling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1184550. [PMID: 37305679 PMCID: PMC10248006 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1184550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics are commonly used in treating psychiatric disorders. These medications primarily target dopamine the serotonin receptors, they have some affinity to adrenergic, histamine, glutamate and muscarinic receptors. There is clinical evidence that antipsychotic use decreases BMD and increases fracture risk, with dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptor-signalling becoming an increasing area of focus where the presence of these receptors in osteoclasts and osteoblasts have been demonstrated. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are the most important cells in the bone remodelling and the bone regeneration process where the activity of these cells determine the bone resorption and formation process in order to maintain healthy bone. However, an imbalance in osteoclast and osteoblast activity can lead to decreased BMD and increased fracture risk, which is also believed to be exacerbated by antipsychotics use. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of first, second and third generation antipsychotics and the expression profiles of dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptors during osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Kavindi Weerasinghe
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason M. Hodge
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine—Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rasika M. Samarasinghe
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Behnaz Azimi Manavi
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lana J. Williams
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Conceição F, Sousa DM, Tojal S, Lourenço C, Carvalho-Maia C, Estevão-Pereira H, Lobo J, Couto M, Rosenkilde MM, Jerónimo C, Lamghari M. The Secretome of Parental and Bone Metastatic Breast Cancer Elicits Distinct Effects in Human Osteoclast Activity after Activation of β2 Adrenergic Signaling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040622. [PMID: 37189370 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), particularly through the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), has been linked with breast cancer (BC) and the development of metastatic BC, specifically in the bone. Nevertheless, the potential clinical benefits of exploiting β2-AR antagonists as a treatment for BC and bone loss-associated symptoms remain controversial. In this work, we show that, when compared to control individuals, the epinephrine levels in a cohort of BC patients are augmented in both earlier and late stages of the disease. Furthermore, through a combination of proteomic profiling and functional in vitro studies with human osteoclasts and osteoblasts, we demonstrate that paracrine signaling from parental BC under β2-AR activation causes a robust decrease in human osteoclast differentiation and resorption activity, which is rescued in the presence of human osteoblasts. Conversely, metastatic bone tropic BC does not display this anti-osteoclastogenic effect. In conclusion, the observed changes in the proteomic profile of BC cells under β-AR activation that take place after metastatic dissemination, together with clinical data on epinephrine levels in BC patients, provided new insights on the sympathetic control of breast cancer and its implications on osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Conceição
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M Sousa
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Tojal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lourenço
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Carvalho-Maia
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Estevão-Pereira
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Couto
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Treyball A, Bergeron AC, Brooks DJ, Langlais AL, Hashmi H, Nagano K, Barlow D, Neilson RJ, Roy TA, Nevola KT, Houseknecht KL, Baron R, Bouxsein ML, Guntur AR, Motyl KJ. Propranolol Promotes Bone Formation and Limits Resorption Through Novel Mechanisms During Anabolic Parathyroid Hormone Treatment in Female C57BL/6J Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:954-971. [PMID: 35122666 PMCID: PMC9098680 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although the nonselective β-blocker, propranolol, improves bone density with parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment in mice, the mechanism of this effect is unclear. To address this, we used a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches to address how propranolol influences bone remodeling in the context of PTH treatment. In female C57BL/6J mice, intermittent PTH and propranolol administration had complementary effects in the trabecular bone of the distal femur and fifth lumbar vertebra (L5 ), with combination treatment achieving microarchitectural parameters beyond that of PTH alone. Combined treatment improved the serum bone formation marker, procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP), but did not impact other histomorphometric parameters relating to osteoblast function at the L5 . In vitro, propranolol amplified the acute, PTH-induced, intracellular calcium signal in osteoblast-like cells. The most striking finding, however, was suppression of PTH-induced bone resorption. Despite this, PTH-induced receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) mRNA and protein levels were unaltered by propranolol, which led us to hypothesize that propranolol could act directly on osteoclasts. Using in situ methods, we found Adrb2 expression in osteoclasts in vivo, suggesting β-blockers may directly impact osteoclasts. Consistent with this, we found propranolol directly suppresses osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Taken together, this work suggests a strong anti-osteoclastic effect of nonselective β-blockers in vivo, indicating that combining propranolol with PTH could be beneficial to patients with extremely low bone density. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Treyball
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Audrey C Bergeron
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Audrie L Langlais
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Hina Hashmi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Barlow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Ryan J Neilson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Tyler A Roy
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Kathleen T Nevola
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen L Houseknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine J Motyl
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lin M, Xiao C, Bai H, Liu C. Mechanical loading alleviated the inhibition of β2-adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline on bone regeneration. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22033. [PMID: 34739146 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101045rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The long-term use of adrenergic medication in treating various conditions, such as asthma, increases the chances of bone fracture. Dynamic mechanical loading at a specific time is a method for improving bone quality and promoting healing. Therefore, we hypothesized that precisely controlling the mechanical environment can contribute to the alleviation of the negative effects of chronic treatment with the common asthma drug terbutaline, which is a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist that facilitates bone homeostasis and defect repair through its anabolic effect on osteogenic cells. Our in vitro results showed that terbutaline can directly inhibit osteogenesis by impairing osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Chronic treatment in vivo was simulated by administering terbutaline to C57BL/6J mice for 4 weeks before bone defect surgery and mechanical loading. We utilized a stabilized tibial defect model, which allowed the application of anabolic mechanical loading. During homeostasis, chronic terbutaline treatment reduced the bone formation rate, the fracture toughness of long bones, and the concentrations of bone formation markers in the sera. During defect repair, terbutaline decreased the bone volume, type H vessel, and total blood vessel volume. Terbutaline treatment reduced the number of osteogenic cells. Periostin, which was secreted mainly by Prrx1+ osteoprogenitors and F4/80+ macrophages, was inhibited by treating the bone defect with terbutaline. Interestingly, controlled mechanical loading facilitated the recovery of bone volume and periostin expression and the number of osteogenic cells within the defect. In conclusion, mechanical loading can rescue negative effects on new bone accrual and repair induced by chronic terbutaline treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minmin Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chufan Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoying Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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12
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McDonald SJ, Sharkey JM, Sun M, Kaukas LM, Shultz SR, Turner RJ, Leonard AV, Brady RD, Corrigan F. Beyond the Brain: Peripheral Interactions after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 37:770-781. [PMID: 32041478 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability, and there are currently no pharmacological treatments known to improve patient outcomes. Unquestionably, contributing toward a lack of effective treatments is the highly complex and heterogenous nature of TBI. In this review, we highlight the recent surge of research that has demonstrated various central interactions with the periphery as a potential major contributor toward this heterogeneity and, in particular, the breadth of research from Australia. We describe the growing evidence of how extracranial factors, such as polytrauma and infection, can significantly alter TBI neuropathology. In addition, we highlight how dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and the systemic inflammatory response induced by TBI can have profound pathophysiological effects on peripheral organs, such as the heart, lung, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, spleen, and bone. Collectively, this review firmly establishes TBI as a systemic condition. Further, the central and peripheral interactions that can occur after TBI must be further explored and accounted for in the ongoing search for effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J McDonald
- Department Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica M Sharkey
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lola M Kaukas
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renee J Turner
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna V Leonard
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frances Corrigan
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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13
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Soraya Z, Ghollasi M, Halabian R, Eftekhari E, Tabasi A, Salimi A. Donepezil hydrochloride as a novel inducer for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on PLLA scaffolds in vitro. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100112. [PMID: 34170068 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, bone defects caused by illness or trauma have been the most common traumatic injuries in humans and treatment of orthopedic infections has always been a serious challenge to experts in the world. In this project, poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffolds were synthesized as a nontoxic, eco-friendly, and cost-effective scaffold by the electrospinning technique. Then, the impact of PLLA on the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was assayed in the presence and absence of donepezil hydrochloride (DH) which was prescribed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Also, hMSCs were seeded on PLLA scaffold in the presence (PLLA-DH) and absence of 1 μg mL-1 of DH under osteogenic induction media. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was assessed by specific bone-related tests including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red and von Kossa staining, calcium content assay. Also, Osteocalcin and osteopontin were evaluated as osteogenic proteins as well as ALP, osteonectin, osteocalcin, collagen type I (Col-I) and Runx2 as osteogenic genes via immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Real-time PCR analyses. The obtained data showed the higher ALP enzyme activity and biomineralization, more intensity during von Kossa staining as well as the increase in the expression rate of osteogenic related gene and protein markers in differentiated hMSCs on PLLA-DH. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the combination of PLLA scaffold with DH provides a scope to develop a suitable matrix in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Soraya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghollasi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Eftekhari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tabasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Hong H, Hosomichi J, Maeda H, Ishida Y, Usumi-Fujita R, Yoshida KI, Ono T. Selective β2-Adrenoceptor Blockade Rescues Mandibular Growth Retardation in Adolescent Rats Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:676270. [PMID: 34220541 PMCID: PMC8247478 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.676270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the sympathoadrenal system is associated with sleep apnea-related symptoms and metabolic dysfunction induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH). IH can induce hormonal imbalances and growth retardation of the craniofacial bones. However, the relationship between IH and β2-adrenergic receptor signaling in the context of skeletal growth regulation is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of β2-adrenergic receptors in IH-induced mandibular growth retardation and bone metabolic alterations. Male 7-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to IH for 3 weeks. IH conditions were established using original customized hypoxic chambers; IH was induced at a rate of 20 cycles per hour (oxygen levels changed from 4 to 21% in one cycle) for 8 h per day during the 12 h “lights on” period. The rats received intraperitoneal administration of a β2-adrenergic antagonist (butoxamine) or saline. To exclude dietary effects on general growth, the normoxic rats with saline, normoxic rats with butoxamine, and IH rats with butoxamine were subjected to food restriction to match the body weight gains between IH and other three groups. Body weight, heart rate, blood pressure, and plasma concentrations of leptin, serotonin, and growth hormone were measured. Bone growth and metabolism were evaluated using radiography, microcomputed tomography, and immunohistochemical staining. Plasma leptin levels were significantly increased, whereas that of serotonin and growth hormone were significantly decreased following IH exposure. Leptin levels recovered following butoxamine administration. Butoxamine rescued IH-induced mandibular growth retardation, with alterations in bone mineral density at the condylar head of the mandible. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly lower expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in the condylar head of IH-exposed rats. Conversely, recovery of RANKL expression was observed in IH-exposed rats administered with butoxamine. Collectively, our findings suggest that the activation of β2-adrenergic receptors and leptin signaling during growth may be involved in IH-induced skeletal growth retardation of the mandible, which may be mediated by concomitant changes in RANKL expression at the growing condyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Hong
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Hosomichi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Maeda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Usumi-Fujita
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Tjandra PM, Paralkar MP, Osipov B, Chen YJ, Zhao F, Ripplinger CM, Christiansen BA. Systemic bone loss following myocardial infarction in mice. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:739-749. [PMID: 32965732 PMCID: PMC8218775 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) and osteoporotic fracture are leading causes of morbidity and mortality, and epidemiological evidence linking their incidence suggests possible crosstalk. MI can exacerbate atherosclerosis through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation and β3 adrenoreceptor-mediated release of hematopoietic stem cells, leading to monocytosis. We hypothesized that this same pathway initiates systemic bone loss following MI, since osteoclasts differentiate from monocytes. In this study, MI was created with left anterior descending artery ligation in 12-week-old male mice (n = 24) randomized to β3 -adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist (SR 59230A) treatment or no treatment for 10 days postoperatively. Additional mice (n = 21, treated and untreated) served as unoperated controls. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and body composition were quantified at baseline and 10 days post-MI using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; circulating monocyte levels were quantified and the L5 vertebral body and femur were analyzed with microcomputed tomography 10 days post-MI. We found that MI led to circulating monocyte levels increases, BMD and BMC decreases at the femur and lumbar spine in MI mice (-6.9% femur BMD, -3.5% lumbar BMD), and trabecular bone volume decreases in MI mice compared with control mice. β3 -AR antagonist treatment appeared to diminish the bone loss response (-5.3% femur BMD, -1.2% lumbar BMD), though these results were somewhat inconsistent. Clinical significance: These results suggest that MI leads to systemic bone loss, but that the SNS may not be a primary modulator of this response; bone loss and increased fracture risk may be important clinical comorbidities following MI or other ischemic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla M. Tjandra
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Manali P. Paralkar
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Osipov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yi-Je Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis Health, Davis, California, USA
| | - Fengdong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Crystal M. Ripplinger
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis Health, Davis, California, USA
| | - Blaine A. Christiansen
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
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16
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Wan Q, Qin W, Ma Y, Shen M, Li J, Zhang Z, Chen J, Tay FR, Niu L, Jiao K. Crosstalk between Bone and Nerves within Bone. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2003390. [PMID: 33854888 PMCID: PMC8025013 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
For the past two decades, the function of intrabony nerves on bone has been a subject of intense research, while the function of bone on intrabony nerves is still hidden in the corner. In the present review, the possible crosstalk between bone and intrabony peripheral nerves will be comprehensively analyzed. Peripheral nerves participate in bone development and repair via a host of signals generated through the secretion of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, axon guidance factors and neurotrophins, with additional contribution from nerve-resident cells. In return, bone contributes to this microenvironmental rendezvous by housing the nerves within its internal milieu to provide mechanical support and a protective shelf. A large ensemble of chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues works in harmony with bone marrow stromal cells in the regulation of intrabony nerves. The crosstalk between bone and nerves is not limited to the physiological state, but also involved in various bone diseases including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, psychological stress-related bone abnormalities, and bone related tumors. This crosstalk may be harnessed in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds for repair of bone defects or be targeted for treatment of diseases related to bone and peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian‐Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Wen‐Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Yu‐Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Min‐Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Zi‐Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Ji‐Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- College of Graduate StudiesAugusta UniversityAugustaGA30912USA
| | - Li‐Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
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17
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Conceição F, Sousa DM, Paredes J, Lamghari M. Sympathetic activity in breast cancer and metastasis: partners in crime. Bone Res 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33547275 PMCID: PMC7864971 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of patients with advanced breast cancer present skeletal complications that severely compromise their quality of life. Breast cancer cells are characterized by a strong tropism to the bone niche. After engraftment and colonization of bone, breast cancer cells interact with native bone cells to hinder the normal bone remodeling process and establish an osteolytic "metastatic vicious cycle". The sympathetic nervous system has emerged in recent years as an important modulator of breast cancer progression and metastasis, potentiating and accelerating the onset of the vicious cycle and leading to extensive bone degradation. Furthermore, sympathetic neurotransmitters and their cognate receptors have been shown to promote several hallmarks of breast cancer, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, immune escape, and invasion of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we assembled the current knowledge concerning the complex interactions that take place in the tumor microenvironment, with a special emphasis on sympathetic modulation of breast cancer cells and stromal cells. Notably, the differential action of epinephrine and norepinephrine, through either α- or β-adrenergic receptors, on breast cancer progression prompts careful consideration when designing new therapeutic options. In addition, the contribution of sympathetic innervation to the formation of bone metastatic foci is highlighted. In particular, we address the remarkable ability of adrenergic signaling to condition the native bone remodeling process and modulate the bone vasculature, driving breast cancer cell engraftment in the bone niche. Finally, clinical perspectives and developments on the use of β-adrenergic receptor inhibitors for breast cancer management and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Conceição
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M. Sousa
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226FMUP—Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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18
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Pahk K, Kwon HW, Joung C, Kim S. Stress-Related Amygdala Metabolic Activity Is Associated With Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot 18F-FDG PET/CT Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:719265. [PMID: 34475851 PMCID: PMC8406934 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.719265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress is associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the underlying mechanism of stress-related brain neural activity with osteoporosis is not fully elucidated. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is an established method to evaluate the metabolic activity of brain amygdala, a region involved in stress. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between metabolic activity of amygdala (AmygA) and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 115 postmenopausal women who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for routine health screening were enrolled in this study. AmygA was defined as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of amygdala divided by the mean SUV of temporal lobe. The levels of psychological stress were measured using the Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form (PWI-SF). RESULTS The participants with osteoporosis exhibited significantly higher AmygA than without osteoporosis (0.81 ± 0.16 vs. 0.61 ± 0.13, p < 0.001). The AmygA value of 0.69 was suggested as an optimal cut-off value to identify participant with osteoporosis (sensitivity; 79.1%, specificity; 83.3%, area under the curve; 0.841, p < 0.001). Furthermore, AmygA showed significant association with osteoporosis in postmenopausal woman by multivariate analysis. Psychological stress scale (PWI-SF) was well correlated with AmygA and AmygA was highest in high stress risk-, intermediate in moderate stress risk-, and lowest in healthy group. CONCLUSIONS AmygA measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT is associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Our results provide the possibility that stress-related neurobiological activity involving amygdala is linked with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Amygdala/diagnostic imaging
- Amygdala/metabolism
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/psychology
- Female
- Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacokinetics
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/etiology
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/metabolism
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/psychology
- Pilot Projects
- Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
- Postmenopause/metabolism
- Postmenopause/psychology
- Republic of Korea
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/diagnostic imaging
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisoo Pahk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanmin Joung
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sungeun Kim,
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19
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Abstract
Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analogue used in the treatment of cancers and viral infections. It has teratogenic potential and causes a variety of birth defects in fetuses. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural antioxidant offers protection against the developmental toxicity induced by drug- or toxicant-exposure or pathological conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effect of ALA against Ara-C induced developmental toxicity in rat fetus. Pregnant rats divided into five groups and received normal saline, ALA200 mg/kg, Ara-C12.5 mg/kg, Ara-C25 mg/kg and, Ara-C25 mg/kg plus ALA200 mg/kg respectively from gestational day (GD) 8 to GD14 and sacrificed on GD21. Ara-C treatment led to a significant and dose-dependent decrease in food intake, weight gain, placental weight, and an increase in oxidative stress in pregnant rats. Further, the in-utero exposure to Ara-C led to an increase in fetal mortality, resorptions, oxidative stress, external morphological anomalies and limb abnormalities, and impaired ossification. Co-administration of ALA resulted in amelioration of the footprints of Ara-C induced toxicity in pregnant rats as well as the fetus. These findings indicate that the ALA supplementation offers protection against developmental toxicity caused by Ara-C prenatal exposure in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanachary Namoju
- Department of Pharmacology, 78997GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Bhaskar Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technical University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naga Kavitha Chilaka
- Department of Pharmacology, 78997GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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20
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Abstract
Our understanding of the skeletal system has been expanded upon the recognition of several neural pathways that serve important roles in bone metabolism and skeletal homeostasis, as bone tissue is richly innervated. Considerable evidence provided by in vitro, animal and human studies have further elucidated the importance of a host of hormones and local factors, including neurotransmitters, in modulating bone metabolism and osteo-chondrogenic differentiation, both peripherally and centrally. Various cells of the musculoskeletal system not only express receptors for these neurotransmitters, but also influence their endogenous levels in the skeleton. As with a number of physiological systems in nature, a neuronal pathway regulating bone turnover will be neutralized by another pathway exerting an opposite effect. These neuropeptides are also critically involved in articular cartilage homeostasis and pathogenesis of degenerative joint disorders, such as osteoarthritis. In the present Review, data on the role of several neuronal populations in nerve-dependent skeletal metabolism is examined, and the molecular events involved are explored, which may reveal broader relationships between two apparently unrelated organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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21
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Tong X, Ganta RR, Liu Z. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates autophagy, inflammation and immunity and contributes to osteoclast differentiation and functionabs. Biol Cell 2020; 112:251-264. [PMID: 32445585 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells, responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclast differentiation and function requires a series of cytokines to remove the old bone, which coordinates with the induction of bone remodelling by osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Studies have demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) play a negative regulatory role in osteoclast differentiation and function. Research involving AMPK, a nutrient and energy sensor, has primarily focused on osteoclast differentiation and function; thus, its role in autophagy, inflammation and immunity remains poorly understood. Autophagy is a conservative homoeostatic mechanism of eukaryotic cells, and response to osteoclast differentiation and function; however, how it interacts with inflammation remains unclear. Additionally, based on the regulatory function of different AMPK subunits for osteoclast differentiation and function, its activation is regulated by upstream factors to perform bone metabolism. This review summarises the critical role of AMPK-mediated autophagy, inflammation and immunity by upstream and downstream signalling during receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation and function. This pathway may provide therapeutic targets for bone-related diseases, as well as function as a biomarker for bone homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishuai Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66502, USA.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Roman R Ganta
- Center of Excellence for Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66502, USA
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
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22
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Rambacher KM, Moniri NH. Cysteine redox state regulates human β2-adrenergic receptor binding and function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2934. [PMID: 32076070 PMCID: PMC7031529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchoconstrictive airway disorders such as asthma are characterized by inflammation and increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which produce a highly oxidative environment. β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists are a mainstay of clinical therapy for asthma and provide bronchorelaxation upon inhalation. We have previously shown that β2AR agonism generates intracellular ROS, an effect that is required for receptor function, and which post-translationally oxidizes β2AR cysteine thiols to Cys-S-sulfenic acids (Cys-S-OH). Furthermore, highly oxidative environments can irreversibly oxidize Cys-S-OH to Cys-S-sulfinic (Cys-SO2H) or S-sulfonic (Cys-SO3H) acids, which are incapable of further participating in homeostatic redox reactions (i.e., redox-deficient). The aim of this study was to examine the vitality of β2AR-ROS interplay and the resultant functional consequences of β2AR Cys-redox in the receptors native, oxidized, and redox-deficient states. Here, we show for the first time that β2AR can be oxidized to Cys-S-OH in situ, moreover, using both clonal cells and a human airway epithelial cell line endogenously expressing β2AR, we show that receptor redox state profoundly influences β2AR orthosteric ligand binding and downstream function. Specifically, homeostatic β2AR redox states are vital toward agonist-induced cAMP formation and subsequent CREB and G-protein-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation, in addition to β-arrestin-2 recruitment and downstream arrestin-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation and internalization. On the contrary, redox-deficient β2AR states exhibit decreased ability to signal via either Gαs or β-arrestin. Together, our results demonstrate a β2AR-ROS redox axis, which if disturbed, interferes with proper receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyn M Rambacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA30341, United States
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA30341, United States.
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23
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Brady RD, Wong KR, Robinson DL, Mychasiuk R, McDonald SJ, D'Cunha RA, Yamakawa GR, Sun M, Wark JD, Lee PVS, O'Brien TJ, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Shultz SR. Bone Health in Rats With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in the Absence of Anti-Epileptic Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1278. [PMID: 31749702 PMCID: PMC6842946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Epilepsy patients often exhibit reduced bone mineral density and are at an increased risk of bone fracture. Whether these bone abnormalities are due to the use of anti-epileptic drugs (AED’s) or the disease itself is unknown. For example, although decreased bone health in epilepsy patients is generally attributed to the use of AED’s, seizures can also trigger a number of physiological processes that have the potential to affect bone. Therefore, to assess whether bone abnormalities occur in epilepsy in the absence of AED’s, the current study investigated mechanical characteristics and trabecular bone morphology in rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Ten-week old male Wistar rats underwent kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE; n = 7) or a sham procedure (n = 9). Rats were implanted with EEG recording electrodes at nine weeks post-SE, and video-EEG was continuously recorded for one week at 10- and 22-weeks post-SE to confirm that SE rats had spontaneous seizures. Open-field testing to assess locomotion was conducted at 23-weeks post-SE. At 24-weeks post-SE, rats were euthanized and tibia were extracted to determine trabecular morphology by micro-computed tomography (µCT), while femurs were used to investigate mechanical properties via 3-point bending. Results: All post-SE rats had spontaneous seizures at 10- and 22-weeks post-SE, while none of the sham rats had seizures. µCT trabecular analysis of tibia revealed no differences in total volume, bone volume, bone volume fraction, trabecular number, or trabecular separation between post-SE or sham rats, although post-SE rats did have increased trabecular thickness. There were also no group differences in total distance travelled in the open field suggesting that activity levels did not account for the increased trabecular thickness. In addition, no differences in mechanical properties of femurs were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: There was a lack of overt bone abnormalities in rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy in the absence of AED treatment. Although further studies are still needed, these findings may have important implications towards understanding the source (e.g., AED treatments) of bone abnormalities in epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ker Rui Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale L Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan A D'Cunha
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Vee Sin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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24
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Rambacher KM, Moniri NH. The β2-adrenergic receptor-ROS signaling axis: An overlooked component of β2AR function? Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 171:113690. [PMID: 31697929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists are clinically used to elicit rapid bronchodilation for the treatment of bronchospasms in pulmonary diseases such as asthma and COPD, both of which exhibit characteristically high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS); likely secondary to over-expression of ROS generating enzymes and chronically heightened inflammation. Interestingly, β2AR has long-been linked to ROS, yet the involvement of ROS in β2AR function has not been as vigorously studied as other aspects of β2AR signaling. Herein, we discuss the existing body of evidence linking β2AR activation to intracellular ROS generation and importantly, the role of ROS in regulating β2AR function. The reciprocal interplay of the β2AR and ROS appear to endow this receptor with the ability to self-regulate signaling efficacy and ligand binding, hereby unveiling a redox-axis that may be unfavorably altered in pathological states contributing to both disease progression and therapeutic drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyn M Rambacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Nader H Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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25
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Liang H, Zeng Y, Feng Y, Wu H, Gong P, Yao Q. Selective β2-adrenoreceptor signaling regulates osteoclastogenesis via modulating RANKL production and neuropeptides expression in osteocytic MLO-Y4 cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7238-7247. [PMID: 30387222 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) signaling on bone cells is the major contributor in the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on bone turnover. However, it remains unclear whether receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-Β ligand (RANKL) modulation and neuropeptides expression in osteocytes are responsible for the mechanism. This study used β2-AR stimulation to investigate cell cycle and proliferation, the gene and protein expression of RANKL, and osteoprotegerin (OPG), as well as neuropeptides regulation in osteocytic MLO-Y4 cells. Clenbuterol (CLE; a β2-AR agonist) slightly promoted the growth of MLO-Y4 cells in a concentration-dependent effect but had no effect on the proliferation index. And the concentration of 10-8 M showed a significant increase in the S-phase fraction on day 3 in comparison with the control. Additionally, CLE-promoted osteoclast formation and bone resorption in osteocytic MLO-Y4 cell-RAW264.7 cell cocultures. RANKL expression level and the ratio of RANKL to OPG in MLO-Y4 cells were enhanced in CLE treatment but were rescued by blocking β2-AR signaling. However, neuropeptide Y and α-calcitonin gene-related peptide, two neurogenic markers, were inhibited in CLE treatment of MLO-Y4 cells, which was reversed by a β2-AR blocker. The results indicate that osteocytic β2-AR plays an important role in the regulation of RANKL/OPG and neuropeptides expression, and β2-AR signaling in osteocytes can be used as a new valuable target for osteoclast-related pathologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunzhi Feng
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanjiang Wu
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Dental Implant Center, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Yao
- Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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26
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27
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Kelly RR, McDonald LT, Jensen NR, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC. Impacts of Psychological Stress on Osteoporosis: Clinical Implications and Treatment Interactions. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:200. [PMID: 31024360 PMCID: PMC6465575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant biochemical and physiological effects of psychological stress are beginning to be recognized as exacerbating common diseases, including osteoporosis. This review discusses the current evidence for psychological stress-associated mental health disorders as risk factors for osteoporosis, the mechanisms that may link these conditions, and potential implications for treatment. Traditional, alternative, and adjunctive therapies are discussed. This review is not intended to provide therapeutic recommendations, but, rather, the goal of this review is to delineate potential interactions of psychological stress and osteoporosis and to highlight potential multi-system implications of pharmacological interventions. Review of the current literature identifies several potentially overlapping mechanistic pathways that may be of interest (e.g., glucocorticoid signaling, insulin-like growth factor signaling, serotonin signaling) for further basic and clinical research. Current literature also supports the potential for cross-effects of therapeutics for osteoporosis and mental health disorders. While studies examining a direct link between osteoporosis and chronic psychological stress are limited, the studies reviewed herein suggest that a multi-factorial, personalized approach should be considered for improved patient outcomes in populations experiencing psychological stress, particularly those at high-risk for development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Kelly
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lindsay T McDonald
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nathaniel R Jensen
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sara J Sidles
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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28
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Abstract
It is from the discovery of leptin and the central nervous system as a regulator of bone remodeling that the presence of autonomic nerves within the skeleton transitioned from a mere histological observation to the mechanism whereby neurons of the central nervous system communicate with cells of the bone microenvironment and regulate bone homeostasis. This shift in paradigm sparked new preclinical and clinical investigations aimed at defining the contribution of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves to the process of bone development, bone mass accrual, bone remodeling, and cancer metastasis. The aim of this article is to review the data that led to the current understanding of the interactions between the autonomic and skeletal systems and to present a critical appraisal of the literature, bringing forth a schema that can put into physiological and clinical context the main genetic and pharmacological observations pointing to the existence of an autonomic control of skeletal homeostasis. The different types of nerves found in the skeleton, their functional interactions with bone cells, their impact on bone development, bone mass accrual and remodeling, and the possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Skeletal Medicine and Biology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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29
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Hamajima K, Hamamura K, Chen A, Yokota H, Mori H, Yo S, Kondo H, Tanaka K, Ishizuka K, Kodama D, Hirai T, Miyazawa K, Goto S, Togari A. Suppression of osteoclastogenesis via α2-adrenergic receptors. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:407-416. [PMID: 29725523 PMCID: PMC5920467 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is known to regulate osteoclast development. However, the involvement of α2-adrenergic receptors (α2-ARs) in osteoclastogenesis is not well understood. In the present study, their potential role in osteoclastogenesis was investigated. Guanabenz, clonidine and xylazine were used as agonists of α2-ARs, while yohimbine and idazoxan were employed as antagonists. Using RAW264.7 pre-osteoclast and primary bone marrow cells, the mRNA expression of the osteoclast-related genes nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K was evaluated following induction with receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). TRAP staining was also conducted to assess effects on osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow cells in vitro. Administration of 5–20 µM guanabenz (P<0.01, for RANKL-only treatment), 20 µM clonidine (P<0.05, for RANKL-only treatment) and 20 µM xylazine (P<0.05, for RANKL-only treatment) attenuated RANKL-induced upregulation of NFATc1, TRAP and cathepsin K mRNA. Furthermore, the reductions in these mRNAs by 10 µM guanabenz and 20 µM clonidine in the presence of RANKL were attenuated by 20 µM yohimbine or idazoxan (P<0.05). The administration of 5–20 µM guanabenz (P<0.01, for RANKL-only treatment) and 10–20 µM clonidine (P<0.05, for RANKL-only treatment) also decreased the number of TRAP-positive multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that α2-ARs may be involved in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Hamajima
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hironori Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Shoyoku Yo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kodama
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takao Hirai
- Laboratory of Medical Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Akifumi Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
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Duan W, Haque M, Kearney MT, Lopez MJ. Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Activate Distinct Osteogenesis Signaling Pathways in Adult Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:592-603. [PMID: 28877641 PMCID: PMC5653142 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic cell signaling pathway disruption varies among bone diseases. This investigation was designed to identify adipose-derived multipotent stromal cell (ASC) and bone graft scaffold combinations for local, targeted restoration of gene expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Human ASC osteogenesis on bone graft materials was quantified following culture in stromal (S), osteogenic (O), or osteogenic for 48 h followed by stromal medium (OS) to test the two-part hypothesis: (1) identical ASC isolates on distinct bone graft scaffolds demonstrate unique viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression in the same culture conditions; (2) identical ASC-bone graft scaffold combinations have different cell viability, differentiation, ECM production, and gene expression when cultured in S, O, or OS medium. Three commercially available bone graft scaffold materials, type I bovine collagen (C), hydroxyapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (HT), and β-tricalcium phosphate + type I bovine collagen (CT) were evaluated. Passage 3 ASCs were loaded onto scaffold blocks with a spinner flask bioreactor, and constructs were cultured up to 28 days. Cell viability, gene expression (alkaline phosphatase [ALPL], osteoprotegerin [TNFRSF11B], osteocalcin [BGLAP], cannabinoid receptors type I [CNR1] and II [CNR2], receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa β ligand [TNFSF11]), as well as ECM DNA, collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, and protein content were quantified. Matrix organization was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Effects of scaffold, medium, or culture duration on cell viability were minimal. Significantly higher initial ALPL expression decreased with time, while BGLAP expression increased in HT constructs in O medium, and the constructs had the most abundant ECM components and ultrastructural organization. There was a similar, although delayed, pattern of gene expression and greater ECM collagen with less organization in C constructs in O medium. Higher CNR1 expression in C versus higher TNFRSF11B/TNFSF11 expression in HT constructs throughout the study support stimulation of unique osteogenic signaling pathways by identical cell isolates. These results suggest that bone scaffold composition may be used to selectively target specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways in ASC constructs to stimulate ECM deposition based on therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- 1 Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Masudul Haque
- 1 Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michael T Kearney
- 2 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Mandi J Lopez
- 1 Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Eimar H, Saltaji H, Ghorashi S, Isfeld D, MacLean JE, Gozal D, Graf D, Flores-Mir C. Association between sleep apnea and low bone mass in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1835-1852. [PMID: 28101630 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We performed a systematic review of the literature to assess the association between sleep apnea and bone metabolism diseases including osteoporosis in adult population. Results from clinical trials suggest that the association between sleep apnea and low bone mass in adults is possible. INTRODUCTION This study aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the potential association between sleep apnea and low bone mass in adults. METHODS Electronic searches of five databases were performed. The inclusion criteria consisted of studies in humans that assessed potential associations between sleep apnea and bone metabolic diseases in an adult population. For diagnosis of sleep apnea overnight polysomnography, home polygraphy, or validated records from healthcare databases were considered. Reduced bone density, osteoporosis, serum/urinary levels for markers of bone formation and resorption, or risk of fractures caused without history of trauma were considered indicators of low bone mass. A random-effects model meta-analysis was applied when possible. RESULTS Of the 963 relevant references, 12 studies met our inclusion criteria and were assessed to be of medium to low bias. Nine out of 12 studies reported an association between sleep apnea and low bone mass (increased bone resorption markers, reduced bone density, and higher risk of osteoporosis). Two studies did not report a significant association, whereas one study reported an increase of bone density in sleep apnea patients compared to non-sleep apnea patients. Meta-analysis of 2 studies (n = 112,258 patients) showed that sleep apnea was a significant risk factor for osteoporosis (odds ratio (OR), 1.92; 95%CI, 1.24 to 2.97; I2 = 66%); females only had an OR of 2.56 (95% CI, 1.96 to 3.34; I2 = 0%) while the OR in males was 2.03 (95% CI, 1.24 to 3.35; I2 = 38%). CONCLUSIONS An association between sleep apnea and low bone mass in adults is plausible, but supporting evidence has a risk of bias and is inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eimar
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - H Saltaji
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | | | - D Isfeld
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - J E MacLean
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - D Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - D Graf
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - C Flores-Mir
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
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Grässel S, Muschter D. Peripheral Nerve Fibers and Their Neurotransmitters in Osteoarthritis Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050931. [PMID: 28452955 PMCID: PMC5454844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the nociceptive nervous system for maintaining tissue homeostasis has been known for some time, and it has also been suggested that organogenesis and tissue repair are under neuronal control. Changes in peripheral joint innervation are supposed to be partly responsible for degenerative alterations in joint tissues which contribute to development of osteoarthritis. Various resident cell types of the musculoskeletal system express receptors for sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters, allowing response to peripheral neuronal stimuli. Among them are mesenchymal stem cells, synovial fibroblasts, bone cells and chondrocytes of different origin, which express distinct subtypes of adrenoceptors (AR), receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Some of these cell types synthesize and secrete neuropeptides such as SP, and they are positive for tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of catecholamines. Sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters are involved in the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which manifests mainly in the joints. In addition, they seem to play a role in pathogenesis of priori degenerative joint disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA). Altogether it is evident that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are critical for joint tissue and bone homeostasis. They modulate articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial tissue properties in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, in addition to their classical neurological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Exp. Orthopedics, ZMB/Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Dominique Muschter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Exp. Orthopedics, ZMB/Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Al-Subaie AE, Laurenti M, Abdallah MN, Tamimi I, Yaghoubi F, Eimar H, Makhoul N, Tamimi F. Propranolol enhances bone healing and implant osseointegration in rats tibiae. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:1160-1170. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Al-Subaie
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
- College of Dentistry; University of Dammam; Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | | | | | - Farid Yaghoubi
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Hazem Eimar
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Nicholas Makhoul
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
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Brady RD, Shultz SR, Sun M, Romano T, van der Poel C, Wright DK, Wark JD, O'Brien TJ, Grills BL, McDonald SJ. Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Bone Loss in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:2154-2160. [PMID: 25686841 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the influence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on bone homeostasis; however, pathophysiological mechanisms involved in TBI have potential to be detrimental to bone. The current study assessed the effect of experimental TBI in rats on the quantity and quality of two different weight-bearing bones, the femur and humerus. Rats were randomly assigned into either sham or lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) groups. Open-field testing to assess locomotion was conducted at 1, 4, and 12 weeks post-injury, with the rats killed at 1 and 12 weeks post-injury. Bones were analyzed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), histomorphometric analysis, and three-point bending. pQCT analysis revealed that at 1 and 12 weeks post-injury, the distal metaphyseal region of femora from FPI rats had reduced cortical content (10% decrease at 1 week, 8% decrease at 12 weeks; p < 0.01) and cortical thickness (10% decrease at 1 week, 11% decrease at 12 weeks p < 0.001). There was also a 23% reduction in trabecular bone volume ratio at 1 week post-injury and a 27% reduction at 12 weeks post-injury in FPI rats compared to sham (p < 0.001). There were no differences in bone quantity and mechanical properties of the femoral midshaft between sham and TBI animals. There were no differences in locomotor outcomes, which suggested that post-TBI changes in bone were not attributed to immobility. Taken together, these findings indicate that this rat model of TBI was detrimental to bone and suggests a link between TBI and altered bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tania Romano
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris van der Poel
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- 3 Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia .,4 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian L Grills
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Schiavone S, Morgese MG, Mhillaj E, Bove M, De Giorgi A, Cantatore FP, Camerino C, Tucci P, Maffulli N, Cuomo V, Trabace L. Chronic Psychosocial Stress Impairs Bone Homeostasis: A Study in the Social Isolation Reared Rat. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:152. [PMID: 27375486 PMCID: PMC4896906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress is a key player in the onset and aggravation of mental diseases, including psychosis. Although a strong association between this psychiatric condition and other medical co-morbidities has been recently demonstrated, few data on the link between psychosis and bone homeostasis are actually available. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chronic psychosocial stress induced by 4 or 7 weeks of social isolation in drug-naïve male Wistar rats could alter bone homeostasis in terms of bone thickness, mineral density and content, as well as markers of bone formation and resorption (sclerostin, cathepsin K, and CTX-I). We found that bone mineral density was increased in rats exposed to 7 weeks of social isolation, while no differences were detected in bone mineral content and area. Moreover, 7 weeks of social isolation lead to increase of femur thickness with respect to controls, suggesting the development of a hyperostosis condition. Isolated rats showed no changes in sclerostin levels, a marker of bone formation, compared to grouped animals. Conversely, bone resorption markers were significantly altered after 7 weeks of social isolation in terms of decrease in cathepsin K and increase of CTX-I. No alterations were found after 4 weeks of isolation rearing. Our observations suggest that chronic psychosocial stress might affect bone homeostasis, more likely independently from drug treatment. Thus, the social isolation model might help to identify possible new therapeutic targets to treat the burden of chronic psychosocial stress and to attempt alternative therapy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria G Morgese
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mhillaj
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo De Giorgi
- Dual Diagnosis Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Locale della Provincia di Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Camerino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Sapienza" University of RomeRome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of BariBari, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of SalernoSalerno, Italy; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondon, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cuomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
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Ohshima H. Oral biosciences: The annual review 2015. J Oral Biosci 2016; 58:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yuan H, Niu LN, Jiao K, Pei DD, Pramanik C, Li JY, Messer R, Kumar S, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Revival of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate-induced inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function by water-soluble microfibrous borate glass. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:312-325. [PMID: 26678828 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a serious skeletal complication associated with the long-term oral or intravenous use of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs). Here, we investigated the effects of an ionic cocktail prepared from water-soluble microfibrous borate glass on neutralizing the inhibitory effects of two heterocyclic N-BPs, risedronate or zoledronic acid, on osteoclastogenesis, apoptosis of differentiated osteoclasts and osteoclast function. Cell growth and proliferation assays were first performed on RAW 264.7 cells to optimize the concentrations of the ionic cocktail and N-BPs to be used for static cell culture. The pre-osteoclasts were then stimulated with RANKL to differentiate into osteoclasts. The effects of the ionic cocktail and N-BPs on osteoclast differentiation, apoptosis and function were subsequently examined using 3 series of experiments conducted at the gene, protein, morphological and functional levels. After concentration optimization, the ionic cocktail was found to partially reverse N-BP-induced inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, stimulation of osteoclasts apoptosis and reduction of osteoclast resorptive activity. Ultrastructural examination of osteoclasts that had been exposed to either N-BP identified classical features of late apoptosis and secondary necrosis, while osteoclasts exposed simultaneously to the concentration-optimized ionic cocktail and N-BPs exhibited only signs of early apoptosis that were possibly reversible. Taken together, the results of the 4 series of experiments indicate that the ionic cocktail produced from dissolution of borate glass dressings has the potential to rescue the adverse effects of heterocyclic N-BPs on osteoclast differentiation and function. These results warrant further confirmation using dynamic cell culture and small animal BRONJ models. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Long-term oral and intravenous use of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) may result in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) due to the suppression of normal bone turnover. There is no effective treatment for such a complication to date. This work reported the use of an ionic cocktail derived from water-soluble microfibrous borate glass to revert heterocyclic N-BP-induced inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, stimulation of osteoclasts apoptosis and reduction of osteoclasts resorption in static cell culture condition. This ionic cocktail may have the potential to be further developed into a new adjunctive treatment for BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Dan Pei
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chandrani Pramanik
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ji-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Regina Messer
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - David H Pashley
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Franklin R Tay
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease associated with decreased bone density that afflicts millions of people worldwide. Current pharmacological treatments are limited, costly, and linked to several negative side effects. These factors are driving current interest in the clinical use of naturally occurring bioactive compounds to mitigate bone loss. Alpha-lipoic acid, a potent antioxidant and essential member of mitochondrial dehydrogenases, has shown considerable promise as an antiosteoclastogenic agent due to its potent reactive oxygen species-scavenging capabilities along with a proven clinical safety record. Collectively, current data indicate that alpha-lipoic acid protects from bone loss via a 2-pronged mechanism involving inhibition of osteoclastogenic reactive oxygen species generation and upregulation of redox gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Roberts
- J.L. Roberts and R. Moreau are with the Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- J.L. Roberts and R. Moreau are with the Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Tascau L, Gardner T, Anan H, Yongpravat C, Cardozo CP, Bauman WA, Lee FY, Oh DS, Tawfeek HA. Activation of Protein Kinase A in Mature Osteoblasts Promotes a Major Bone Anabolic Response. Endocrinology 2016; 157:112-26. [PMID: 26488807 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) regulates osteoblast cell function in vitro and is activated by important bone mass modulating agents. We determined whether PKA activation in osteoblasts is sufficient to mediate a bone anabolic response. Thus, a mouse model conditionally expressing a constitutively active PKA (CA-PKA) in osteoblasts (CA-PKA-OB mouse) was developed by crossing a 2.3-kb α1 (I)-collagen promoter-Cre mouse with a floxed-CA-PKA mouse. Primary osteoblasts from the CA-PKA-OB mice exhibited higher basal PKA activity than those from control mice. Microcomputed tomographic analysis revealed that CA-PKA-OB female mice had an 8.6-fold increase in femoral but only 1.16-fold increase in lumbar 5 vertebral bone volume/total volume. Femur cortical thickness and volume were also higher in the CA-PKA-OB mice. In contrast, alterations in many femoral microcomputed tomographic parameters in male CA-PKA-OB mice were modest. Interestingly, the 3-dimensional structure model index was substantially lower both in femur and lumbar 5 of male and female CA-PKA-OB mice, reflecting an increase in the plate to rod-like structure ratio. In agreement, femurs from female CA-PKA-OB mice had greater load to failure and were stiffer compared with those of control mice. Furthermore, the CA-PKA-OB mice had higher levels of serum bone turnover markers and increased osteoblast and osteoclast numbers per total tissue area compared with control animals. In summary, constitutive activation of PKA in osteoblasts is sufficient to increase bone mass and favorably modify bone architecture and improve mechanical properties. PKA activation in mature osteoblasts is, therefore, an important target for designing anabolic drugs for treating diseases with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Tascau
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Thomas Gardner
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Hussein Anan
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Charlie Yongpravat
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - William A Bauman
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Francis Y Lee
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Daniel S Oh
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Hesham A Tawfeek
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
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Muschter D, Schäfer N, Stangl H, Straub RH, Grässel S. Sympathetic Neurotransmitters Modulate Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoclast Activity in the Context of Collagen-Induced Arthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139726. [PMID: 26431344 PMCID: PMC4592252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive synovial osteoclastogenesis is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Concomitantly, local synovial changes comprise neuronal components of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Here, we wanted to analyze if collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) alters bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity, and how sympathetic neurotransmitters participate in this process. Therefore, BMMs from Dark Agouti rats at different CIA stages were differentiated into osteoclasts in vitro and osteoclast number, cathepsin K activity, matrix resorption and apoptosis were analyzed in the presence of acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and assay-dependent, adenylyl cyclase activator NKH477. We observed modulation of neurotransmitter receptor mRNA expression in CIA osteoclasts without affecting protein level. CIA stage-dependently altered marker gene expression associated with osteoclast differentiation and activity without affecting osteoclast number or activity. Neurotransmitter stimulation modulated osteoclast differentiation, apoptosis and activity. VIP, NA and adenylyl cyclase activator NKH477 inhibited cathepsin K activity and osteoclastogenesis (NKH477, 10(-6) M NA) whereas ACh mostly acted pro-osteoclastogenic. We conclude that CIA alone does not affect metabolism of in vitro generated osteoclasts whereas stimulation with NA, VIP plus specific activation of adenylyl cyclase induced anti-resorptive effects probably mediated via cAMP signaling. Contrary, we suggest pro-osteoclastogenic and pro-resorptive properties of ACh mediated via muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Muschter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, BioPark I, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Nicole Schäfer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Hubert Stangl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Rainer H. Straub
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, BioPark I, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Jiao K, Niu LN, Li QH, Ren GT, Zhao CM, Liu YD, Tay FR, Wang MQ. β2-Adrenergic signal transduction plays a detrimental role in subchondral bone loss of temporomandibular joint in osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12593. [PMID: 26219508 DOI: 10.1038/srep12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study tested whether activation of the sympathetic tone by aberrant joint loading elicits abnormal subchondral bone remodeling in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis. Abnormal dental occlusion was created in experimental rats, which were then intraperitoneally injected by saline, propranolol or isoproterenol. The norepinephrine contents, distribution of sympathetic nerve fibers, expression of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) and remodeling parameters in the condylar subchondral bone were investigated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from condylar subchondral bones were harvested for comparison of their β-ARs, pro-osteoclastic gene expressions and pro-osteoclastic function. Increases in norepinephrine level, sympathetic nerve fiber distribution and β2-AR expression were observed in the condylar subchondral bone of experimental rats, together with subchondral bone loss and increased osteoclast activity. β-antagonist (propranolol) suppressed subchondral bone loss and osteoclast hyperfunction while β-agonist (isoproterenol) exacerbated those responses. MSCs from experimental condylar subchondral bone expressed higher levels of β2-AR and RANKL; norepinephrine stimulation further increased their RANKL expression and pro-osteoclastic function. These effects were blocked by inhibition of β2-AR or the PKA pathway. RANKL expression by MSCs decreased after propranolol administration and increased after isoproterenol administration. It is concluded that β2-AR signal-mediated subchondral bone loss in TMJ osteoarthritisis associated with increased RANKL secretion by MSCs.
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Chang A, Kim-Fuchs C, Le CP, Hollande F, Sloan EK. Neural Regulation of Pancreatic Cancer: A Novel Target for Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1292-312. [PMID: 26193320 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is known to play a pivotal role in driving cancer progression and governing response to therapy. This is of significance in pancreatic cancer where the unique pancreatic tumor microenvironment, characterized by its pronounced desmoplasia and fibrosis, drives early stages of tumor progression and dissemination, and contributes to its associated low survival rates. Several molecular factors that regulate interactions between pancreatic tumors and their surrounding stroma are beginning to be identified. Yet broader physiological factors that influence these interactions remain unclear. Here, we discuss a series of preclinical and mechanistic studies that highlight the important role chronic stress plays as a physiological regulator of neural-tumor interactions in driving the progression of pancreatic cancer. These studies propose several approaches to target stress signaling via the β-adrenergic signaling pathway in order to slow pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis. They also provide evidence to support the use of β-blockers as a novel therapeutic intervention to complement current clinical strategies to improve cancer outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Callaway DA, Jiang JX. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in osteoclastogenesis, skeletal aging and bone diseases. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:359-70. [PMID: 25804315 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are cells derived from bone marrow macrophages and are important in regulating bone resorption during bone homeostasis. Understanding what drives osteoclast differentiation and activity is important when studying diseases characterized by heightened bone resorption relative to formation, such as osteoporosis. In the last decade, studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are crucial components that regulate the differentiation process of osteoclasts. However, there are still many unanswered questions that remain. This review will examine the mechanisms by which ROS can be produced in osteoclasts as well as how it may affect osteoclast differentiation and activity through its actions on osteoclastogenesis signaling pathways. In addition, the contribution of ROS to the aging-associated disease of osteoporosis will be addressed and how targeting ROS may lead to the development of novel therapeutic treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Callaway
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
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Yoshida Y, Shimizu I, Katsuumi G, Jiao S, Suda M, Hayashi Y, Minamino T. p53-Induced inflammation exacerbates cardiac dysfunction during pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2015;85:183-198. [PMID: 26055447 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rates of death and disability caused by severe heart failure are still unacceptably high. There is evidence that the sterile inflammatory response has a critical role in the progression of cardiac remodeling in the failing heart. The p53 signaling pathway has been implicated in heart failure, but the pathological link between p53 and inflammation in the failing heart is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a critical role of p53-induced inflammation in heart failure. Expression of p53 was increased in cardiac endothelial cells and bone marrow cells in response to pressure overload, leading to up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) expression by endothelial cells and integrin expression by bone marrow cells. Deletion of p53 from endothelial cells or bone marrow cells significantly reduced ICAM1 or integrin expression, respectively, as well as decreasing cardiac inflammation and ameliorating systolic dysfunction during pressure overload. Conversely, overexpression of p53 in bone marrow cells led to an increase of integrin expression and cardiac inflammation that reduced systolic function. Norepinephrine markedly increased p53 expression in endothelial cells and macrophages. Reducing β2-adrenergic receptor expression in endothelial cells or bone marrow cells attenuated cardiac inflammation and improved systolic dysfunction during pressure overload. These results suggest that activation of the sympathetic nervous system promotes cardiac inflammation by up-regulating ICAM1 and integrin expression via p53 signaling to exacerbate cardiac dysfunction. Inhibition of p53-induced inflammation may be a novel therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
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Abstract
In prostate to bone metastases, the "vicious cycle" paradigm has been traditionally used to illustrate how metastases manipulate the bone forming osteoblasts and resorbing osteoclasts in order to yield factors that facilitate growth and establishment. However, recent advances have illustrated that the cycle is far more complex than this simple interpretation. In this review, we will discuss the role of exosomes and hematopoietic/mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) that facilitate the establishment and activation of prostate metastases and how cells including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophages, T cells, and nerve cells contribute to the momentum of the vicious cycle. The increased complexity of the tumor-bone microenvironment requires a system level approach. The evolution of computational models to interrogate the tumor-bone microenvironment is also discussed, and the application of this integrated approach should allow for the development of effective therapies to treat and cure prostate to bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Cook
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr., SRB-3, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Togari A, Kondo H, Hirai T, Kodama D, Arai M, Goto S. [Regulation of bone metabolism by sympathetic nervous system]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2015; 145:140-145. [PMID: 25765496 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.145.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Swift JM, Swift SN, Allen MR, Bloomfield SA. Beta-1 adrenergic agonist treatment mitigates negative changes in cancellous bone microarchitecture and inhibits osteocyte apoptosis during disuse. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106904. [PMID: 25211027 PMCID: PMC4161377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays an important role in mediating bone remodeling. However, the exact role that beta-1 adrenergic receptors (beta1AR) have in this process has not been elucidated. We have previously demonstrated the ability of dobutamine (DOB), primarily a beta1AR agonist, to inhibit reductions in cancellous bone formation and mitigate disuse-induced loss of bone mass. The purpose of this study was to characterize the independent and combined effects of DOB and hindlimb unloading (HU) on cancellous bone microarchitecture, tissue-level bone cell activity, and osteocyte apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-mos, were assigned to either normal cage activity (CC) or HU (n = 18/group) for 28 days. Animals were administered either daily DOB (4 mg/kg BW/d) or an equal volume of saline (VEH) (n = 9/gp). Unloading resulted in significantly lower distal femur cancellous BV/TV (−33%), Tb.Th (−11%), and Tb.N (−25%) compared to ambulatory controls (CC-VEH). DOB treatment during HU attenuated these changes in cancellous bone microarchitecture, resulting in greater BV/TV (+29%), Tb.Th (+7%), and Tb.N (+21%) vs. HU-VEH. Distal femur cancellous vBMD (+11%) and total BMC (+8%) were significantly greater in DOB- vs. VEH-treated unloaded rats. Administration of DOB during HU resulted in significantly greater osteoid surface (+158%) and osteoblast surface (+110%) vs. HU-VEH group. Furthermore, Oc.S/BS was significantly greater in HU-DOB (+55%) vs. CC-DOB group. DOB treatment during unloading fully restored bone formation, resulting in significantly greater bone formation rate (+200%) than in HU-VEH rats. HU resulted in an increased percentage of apoptotic cancellous osteocytes (+85%), reduced osteocyte number (−16%), lower percentage of occupied osteocytic lacunae (−30%) as compared to CC-VEH, these parameters were all normalized with DOB treatment. Altogether, these data indicate that beta1AR agonist treatment during disuse mitigates negative changes in cancellous bone microarchitecture and inhibits increases in osteocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Swift
- Departments of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sibyl N. Swift
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Susan A. Bloomfield
- Departments of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Niedermair T, Kuhn V, Doranehgard F, Stange R, Wieskötter B, Beckmann J, Salmen P, Springorum HR, Straub RH, Zimmer A, Grifka J, Grässel S. Absence of substance P and the sympathetic nervous system impact on bone structure and chondrocyte differentiation in an adult model of endochondral ossification. Matrix Biol 2014; 38:22-35. [PMID: 25063231 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers (SNF) innervate bone and epiphyseal growth plate. The role of neuronal signals for proper endochondral ossification during skeletal growth is mostly unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of the absence of sensory neurotransmitter substance P (SP) and the removal of SNF on callus differentiation, a model for endochondral ossification in adult animals, and on bone formation. METHODS In order to generate callus, tibia fractures were set in the left hind leg of wild type (WT), tachykinin 1-deficient (Tac1-/-) mice (no SP) and animals without SNF. Locomotion was tested in healthy animals and touch sensibility was determined early after fracture. Callus tissue was prepared for immunofluorescence staining for SP, neurokinin1-receptor (NK1R), tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) and adrenergic receptors α1, α2 and β2. At the fracture site, osteoclasts were stained for TRAP, osteoblasts were stained for RUNX2, and histomorphometric analysis of callus tissue composition was performed. Primary murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMM), osteoclasts, and osteoblasts were tested for differentiation, activity, proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. Femoral fractures were set in the left hind leg of all the three groups for mechanical testing and μCT-analysis. RESULTS Callus cells stained positive for SP, NK1R, α1d- and α2b adrenoceptors and remained β2-adrenoceptor and TH-negative. Absence of SP and SNF did not change the general locomotion but reduces touch sensitivity after fracture. In mice without SNF, we detected more mesenchymal callus tissue and less cartilaginous tissue 5 days after fracture. At day 13 past fracture, we observed a decrease of the area covered by hypertrophic chondrocytes in Tac1-/- mice and mice without SNF, a lower number of osteoblasts in Tac1-/- mice and an increase of osteoclasts in mineralized callus tissue in mice without SNF. Apoptosis rate and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts isolated from Tac1-/- and sympathectomized mice were partly altered in vitro. Mechanical testing of fractured- and contralateral legs 21 days after fracture, revealed an overall reduced mechanical bone quality in Tac1-/- mice and mice without SNF. μCT-analysis revealed clear structural alteration in contralateral and fractured legs proximal of the fracture site with respect to trabecular parameters, bone mass and connectivity density. Notably, structural parameters are altered in fractured legs when related to unfractured legs in WT but not in mice without SP and SNF. CONCLUSION The absence of SP and SNF reduces pain sensitivity and mechanical stability of the bone in general. The micro-architecture of the bone is profoundly impaired in the absence of intact SNF with a less drastic effect in SP-deficient mice. Both sympathetic and sensory neurotransmitters are indispensable for proper callus differentiation. Importantly, the absence of SP reduces bone formation rate whereas the absence of SNF induces bone resorption rate. Notably, fracture chondrocytes produce SP and its receptor NK1 and are positive for α-adrenoceptors indicating an endogenous callus signaling loop. We propose that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are essential for proper bone formation in addition to their classical neurological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Niedermair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fatemeh Doranehgard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Stange
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Britta Wieskötter
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Salmen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute for Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany.
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Blin-Wakkach C, Rouleau M, Wakkach A. Roles of osteoclasts in the control of medullary hematopoietic niches. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:29-37. [PMID: 24998177 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow is the major site of hematopoiesis in mammals. The bone marrow environment plays an essential role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by providing specialized niches in which these cells are maintained. Many cell types participate to the composition and regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches, integrating complex signals from the bone, immune and nervous systems. Among these cells, the bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs) have been described as main regulators of HSC niches. They are not limited to carving space for HSCs, but they also provide signals that affect the molecular and cellular niche components. However, their exact role in HSC niches remains unclear because of the variety of models, signals and conditions used to address the question. The present review will discuss the importance of the implication of OCLs focusing on the formation of HSC niches, the maintenance of HSCs in these niches and the mobilization of HSCs from the bone marrow. It will underline the importance of OCLs in HSC niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France.
| | - Matthieu Rouleau
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France
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