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Wang Z, Yin G, Liao X, Zhou Z, Cao Y, Li X, Wu W, Zhang S, Lou Q. Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam extracts alleviate cadmium-induced renal fibrosis by targeting matrix metallopeptidase 9. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117824. [PMID: 38278375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam (Cornus officinalis) is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine and has a good clinical efficacy in kidney and liver diseases. Recent years, a number of studies reported the significant effects of Cornus officinalis on renal fibrosis. However, it is still unclear about the underlying specific mechanism, the bioactive ingredients, and the target gene regulatory network. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the impact of Cornus officinalis extract on cadmium-induced renal fibrosis, screened the bioactive ingredients of Cornus officinalis using a pharmacological sub-network analysis, and explored the regulatory effects of Cornus officinalis extracts on target gene matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9). METHODS Male C57BL/6N mice were treated with single or combinatorial agents such as saline, cadmium chloride, Cornus officinalis, Isoginkgetin and FSL-1. Isoginkgetin is a compound with anti-MMP9 activity. FSL-1 can induce MMP9 expression. Masson staining and Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses were used for assessing renal fibrosis. In addition, wound healing model was established using BUMPT (Boston university mouse proximal tubular) cells to investigate how Cornus officinalis affected cadmium-induced cell migration. The main Cornus officinalis bioactive compounds were identified by UHPLC-MS (Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry). The MMP9 target for Cornus officinalis active ingredients were confirmed through a pharmacological sub-network analysis. RESULTS Aqueous extracts of Cornus officinalis protected from renal dysfunction and kidney fibrosis induced by cadmium chloride in mice. In vitro experiments validated that Cornus officinalis extracts inhibited cell migration ability especially in cadmium chloride condition. The sub-network analysis and chemical components profiling technique revealed the active compounds of Cornus officinalis. Cellular thermal shift assay verified the binding abilities of three active components Daidzein, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine or Swertisin with matrix metalloproteinase-9. Gelatin zymography assay revealed that the activity of MMP9 was inhibited by the three active components. We further confirmed that MMP9 was involved in the process of Cornus officinalis extracts reducing renal fibrosis. Cornus officinalis attenuated the cadmium-induced renal fibrosis was correlated with decreased expression of MMP9, collagen I, α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) and vimentin. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that Cornus officinalis extracts could alleviate the cadmium chloride-induced renal fibrosis by targeting MMP9, and might provide new insights into the mechanism of treating renal fibrosis by Cornus officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghang Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Guanyi Yin
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Liao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Ziou Zhou
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Yaping Cao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Xuemiao Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Shuanglin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Qiang Lou
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, PR China; Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China.
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zhao M, Peng Z, Xu H, Huang H. Characterization of macrophages in ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury based on single-cell RNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111754. [PMID: 38428147 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disease, with macrophages playing a vital role in its progression. However, the mechanism of macrophage function remains unclear and strategies targeting macrophages in AKI are controversial. To address this issue, we used single-cell RNA-seq analysis to identify macrophage sub-types involved in ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI, and then screened for associated hub genes using intersecting bulk RNA-seq data. The single-cell and bulk RNA-seq datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Screening of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) and pseudo-bulk DEG analyses were used to identify common hub genes. Pseudotime and trajectory analyses were performed to investigate the progression of cell differentiation. CellChat analysis was performed to reveal the crosstalk between cell clusters. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were used to identify enriched pathways in the cell clusters. Immunofluorescence and RT-PCR were preformed to validate the expression of the identified hub genes. Four hub genes, Vim, S100a6, Ier3, and Ccr1, were identified in the infiltrated macrophages between normal samples and those 3 days after ischemia-reperfusion renal injury (IRI); all were associated with the progression of IRI-induced AKI. Increased expression of Vim, S100a6, Ier3, and Ccr1 in infiltrated macrophages may be associated with inflammatory responses and may mediate crosstalk between macrophages and renal tubular epithelial cells under IRI conditions. Our results reveal that Ier3 may be critical in AKI, and that Vim, S100a6, Ier3, and Ccr1 may act as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for IRI-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meifang Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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3
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Wang H, Gao L, Zhao C, Fang F, Liu J, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-03989-8. [PMID: 38498274 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-03989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including chronic glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy, are common chronic diseases characterized by structural damage and functional decline of the kidneys. The current treatment of CKD is symptom relief. Several studies have reported that the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is a pathway closely related to the pathological process of CKD. It can ameliorate kidney damage by inhibiting this signal pathway which is involved with inflammation, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and autophagy. This review highlights the role of activating or inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in CKD-induced inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy and EMT. We also summarize the latest evidence on treating CKD by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway, discuss the shortcomings and deficiencies of PI3K/Akt research in the field of CKD, and identify potential challenges in developing these clinical therapeutic CKD strategies, and provide appropriate solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China.
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Sun M, Song P, Zhao Y, Li B, Wang P, Cong Z, Hua S. Mechanisms of LPS-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in bEECs. Theriogenology 2024; 216:30-41. [PMID: 38154204 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
High-concentrate diets cause subacute ruminal acidosis, resulting in increased blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in cows. We found that the peak LPS in cows fed with high-concentrate diets coincides the period of embryo implantation in a large-scale dairy farm. As epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) should be tightly regulated during normal embryo implantation in cows, we speculated that increased LPS may cause abnormal EMT, thereby inhibiting embryo implantation in cows. To confirm that elevated LPS levels induce abnormal EMT in cows, we treated bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) with LPS for 48 h and analyzed the protein levels of ZEB1, a major EMT-related transcription factor, which is positively regulated by the TGFβ/SMAD3 pathway. In addition, we analyzed the changes in expression of three EMT-related genes (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin), and examined the morphology and migratory ability of the cells. The results showed that elevated LPS levels increased protein expression of ZEB1, vimentin, and N-cadherin, and reduced that of E-cadherin. Elevated LPS also increased bEECs migration rate, and induced the cells to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. Furthermore, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)-induced ZEB1 overexpression significantly decreased E-cadherin levels and increased N-cadherin levels. As LPS treatment also decreased the expression of Bta-miR-200b, we further found that Bta-miR-200b targets to the 3'UTR of ZEB1 through the confirmation of dual-luciferase reporter system. And the increased level of Bta-miR-200b by mimic enhanced the expression of E-cadherin and yet inhibited the expression of N-cadherin in protein, which exactly opposite to the results induced by LPS. In conclusion, LPS induced EMT in bEECs by upregulating ZEB1, while Bta-miR-200b could inhibit the occurrence of EMT by binding ZEB1 3'UTR. These results provide a new insight for low reproductive rate of dairy cows under the background of high-concentrate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengjie Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Cong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Song Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Coelho-Rato LS, Parvanian S, Modi MK, Eriksson JE. Vimentin at the core of wound healing. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:239-254. [PMID: 37748934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the large family of intermediate filaments (IFs), vimentin has emerged as a highly dynamic and versatile cytoskeletal protein involved in many key processes of wound healing. It is well established that vimentin is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during wound healing and metastasis, during which epithelial cells acquire more dynamic and motile characteristics. Moreover, vimentin participates in multiple cellular activities supporting growth, proliferation, migration, cell survival, and stress resilience. Here, we explore the role of vimentin at each phase of wound healing, with focus on how it integrates different signaling pathways and protects cells in the fluctuating and challenging environments that characterize a healing tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila S Coelho-Rato
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sepideh Parvanian
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mayank Kumar Modi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - John E Eriksson
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Euro-Bioimaging ERIC, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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6
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Philipp LM, Yesilyurt UU, Surrow A, Künstner A, Mehdorn AS, Hauser C, Gundlach JP, Will O, Hoffmann P, Stahmer L, Franzenburg S, Knaack H, Schumacher U, Busch H, Sebens S. Epithelial and Mesenchymal-like Pancreatic Cancer Cells Exhibit Different Stem Cell Phenotypes Associated with Different Metastatic Propensities. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:686. [PMID: 38398077 PMCID: PMC10886860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is mostly diagnosed at advanced or even metastasized stages, limiting the prognoses of patients. Metastasis requires high tumor cell plasticity, implying phenotypic switching in response to changing environments. Here, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), being associated with an increase in cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, and its reversion are important. Since it is poorly understood whether different CSC phenotypes exist along the EMT axis and how these impact malignancy-associated properties, we aimed to characterize CSC populations of epithelial and mesenchymal-like PDAC cells. Single-cell cloning revealed CSC (Holoclone) and non-CSC (Paraclone) clones from the PDAC cell lines Panc1 and Panc89. The Panc1 Holoclone cells showed a mesenchymal-like phenotype, dominated by a high expression of the stemness marker Nestin, while the Panc89 Holoclone cells exhibited a SOX2-dominated epithelial phenotype. The Panc89 Holoclone cells showed enhanced cell growth and a self-renewal capacity but slow cluster-like invasion. Contrarily, the Panc1 Holoclone cells showed slower cell growth and self-renewal ability but were highly invasive. Moreover, cell variants differentially responded to chemotherapy. In vivo, the Panc1 and Panc89 cell variants significantly differed regarding the number and size of metastases, as well as organ manifestation, leading to different survival outcomes. Overall, these data support the existence of different CSC phenotypes along the EMT axis in PDAC, manifesting different metastatic propensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Philipp
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Umut-Ulas Yesilyurt
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Surrow
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Mehdorn
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric Surgery, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Molecular Imaging North Competence Center, Clinic of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Kiel University, UKSH, Campus Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick Hoffmann
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lea Stahmer
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sören Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrike Knaack
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
- Academic Affairs Office, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 23562 Kiel, Germany
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Rudman-Melnick V, Adam M, Stowers K, Potter A, Ma Q, Chokshi SM, Vanhoutte D, Valiente-Alandi I, Lindquist DM, Nieman ML, Kofron JM, Chung E, Park JS, Potter SS, Devarajan P. Single-cell sequencing dissects the transcriptional identity of activated fibroblasts and identifies novel persistent distal tubular injury patterns in kidney fibrosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:439. [PMID: 38172172 PMCID: PMC10764314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Examining kidney fibrosis is crucial for mechanistic understanding and developing targeted strategies against chronic kidney disease (CKD). Persistent fibroblast activation and tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury are key CKD contributors. However, cellular and transcriptional landscapes of CKD and specific activated kidney fibroblast clusters remain elusive. Here, we analyzed single cell transcriptomic profiles of two clinically relevant kidney fibrosis models which induced robust kidney parenchymal remodeling. We dissected the molecular and cellular landscapes of kidney stroma and newly identified three distinctive fibroblast clusters with "secretory", "contractile" and "vascular" transcriptional enrichments. Also, both injuries generated failed repair TECs (frTECs) characterized by decline of mature epithelial markers and elevation of stromal and injury markers. Notably, frTECs shared transcriptional identity with distal nephron segments of the embryonic kidney. Moreover, we identified that both models exhibited robust and previously unrecognized distal spatial pattern of TEC injury, outlined by persistent elevation of renal TEC injury markers including Krt8 and Vcam1, while the surviving proximal tubules (PTs) showed restored transcriptional signature. We also found that long-term kidney injuries activated a prominent nephrogenic signature, including Sox4 and Hox gene elevation, which prevailed in the distal tubular segments. Our findings might advance understanding of and targeted intervention in fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rudman-Melnick
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Division Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kaitlynn Stowers
- Division Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Potter
- Division Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Saagar M Chokshi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Davy Vanhoutte
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Diana M Lindquist
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Matthew Kofron
- Division Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eunah Chung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Abstract
The immortalized human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 is most commonly used to study renal cell physiology and human kidney diseases with tubulointerstitial fibrosis such as diabetic nephropathy, obstructive uropathy or allograft fibrosis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the main pathological process of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in vitro. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a key inducer of EMT. Several pro-fibrotic gene expression differences have been observed in a TGF-β-induced EMT model of HK-2 cells. However, growth conditions and medium formulations might greatly impact these differences. We investigated gene and protein expression of HK-2 cells cultured in six medium formulations. TGF-β1 increased the expression of ACTA2, TGFB1, COL4A1, EGR2, VIM and CTGF genes while reducing PPARG in all medium formulations. Interestingly, TGF-β1 treatment either increased or decreased EGR1, FN, IL6 and C3 gene expression, depending on medium formulations. The cell morphology was slightly affected, but immunoblots revealed TGFB1 and vimentin protein overexpression in all media. However, fibronectin expression as well as the nuclear translocation of EGR1 was medium dependent. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that, using the HK-2 in vitro model of EMT, the meticulous selection of appropriate cell culture medium formulation is essential to achieve reliable scientific results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gantsetseg Garmaa
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Anna Manzéger
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
- International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Samaneh Haghighi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kökény
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
- International Nephrology Research and Training Center, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
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9
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Jörgensen SK, Karnošová A, Mazzaferro S, Rowley O, Chen HJC, Robbins SJ, Christofides S, Merkle FT, Maletínská L, Petrik D. An analogue of the Prolactin Releasing Peptide reduces obesity and promotes adult neurogenesis. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:351-377. [PMID: 38177913 PMCID: PMC10897398 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic Adult Neurogenesis (hAN) has been implicated in regulating energy homeostasis. Adult-generated neurons and adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSCs) in the hypothalamus control food intake and body weight. Conversely, diet-induced obesity (DIO) by high fat diets (HFD) exerts adverse influence on hAN. However, the effects of anti-obesity compounds on hAN are not known. To address this, we administered a lipidized analogue of an anti-obesity neuropeptide, Prolactin Releasing Peptide (PrRP), so-called LiPR, to mice. In the HFD context, LiPR rescued the survival of adult-born hypothalamic neurons and increased the number of aNSCs by reducing their activation. LiPR also rescued the reduction of immature hippocampal neurons and modulated calcium dynamics in iPSC-derived human neurons. In addition, some of these neurogenic effects were exerted by another anti-obesity compound, Liraglutide. These results show for the first time that anti-obesity neuropeptides influence adult neurogenesis and suggest that the neurogenic process can serve as a target of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Karnošová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, 12108, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Simone Mazzaferro
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Oliver Rowley
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sarah J Robbins
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Florian T Merkle
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - David Petrik
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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10
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Nordbø OP, Landolt L, Eikrem Ø, Scherer A, Leh S, Furriol J, Apeland T, Mydel P, Marti H. Transcriptomic analysis reveals partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation as common pathogenic mechanisms in hypertensive nephrosclerosis and Type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15825. [PMID: 37813528 PMCID: PMC10562137 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN) and Type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To explore shared pathogenetic mechanisms, we analyzed transcriptomes of kidney biopsies from patients with HN or T2DN. Total RNA was extracted from 10 μm whole kidney sections from patients with HN, T2DN, and normal controls (Ctrl) (n = 6 for each group) and processed for RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed (log2 fold change >1, adjusted p < 0.05) genes (DEG) and molecular pathways were analyzed, and selected results were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ELISA on serum samples was performed on a related cohort consisting of patients with biopsy-proven HN (n = 13) and DN (n = 9), and a normal control group (n = 14). Cluster analysis on RNA sequencing data separated diseased and normal tissues. RNA sequencing revealed that 88% (341 out of 384) of DEG in HN were also altered in T2DN, while gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that over 90% of affected molecular pathways, including those related to inflammation, immune response, and cell-cycle regulation, were similarly impacted in both HN and T2DN samples. The increased expression of genes tied to interleukin signaling and lymphocyte activation was more pronounced in HN, while genes associated with extracellular matrix organization were more evident in T2DN. Both HN and T2DN tissues exhibited significant upregulation of genes connected with inflammatory responses, T-cell activity, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (p-EMT). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) further confirmed T-cell (CD4+ and CD8+ ) infiltration in the diseased tissues. Additionally, IHC revealed heightened AXL protein expression, a key regulator of inflammation and p-EMT, in both HN and T2DN, while serum analysis indicated elevated soluble AXL levels in patients with both conditions. These findings underline the shared molecular mechanisms between HN and T2DN, hinting at the potential for common therapeutic strategies targeting both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Petter Nordbø
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund HospitalHelse FonnaHaugesundNorway
| | - Lea Landolt
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Øystein Eikrem
- Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Sabine Leh
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of PathologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Jessica Furriol
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Piotr Mydel
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Hans‐Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of MedicineHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
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11
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Yakupova EI, Abramicheva PA, Bocharnikov AD, Andrianova NV, Plotnikov EY. Biomarkers of the End-Stage Renal Disease Progression: Beyond the GFR. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2023; 88:1622-1644. [PMID: 38105029 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease can progress to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) characterized by a high risk of morbidity and mortality. ESRD requires immediate therapy or even dialysis or kidney transplantation, therefore, its timely diagnostics is critical for many patients. ESRD is associated with pathological changes, such as inflammation, fibrosis, endocrine disorders, and epigenetic changes in various cells, which could serve as ESRD markers. The review summarizes information on conventional and new ESRD biomarkers that can be assessed in kidney tissue, blood, and urine. Some biomarkers are specific to a particular pathology, while others are more universal. Here, we suggest several universal inflammatory, fibrotic, hormonal, and epigenetic markers indicative of severe deterioration of renal function and ESRD progression for improvement of ESRD diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira I Yakupova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Polina A Abramicheva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey D Bocharnikov
- International School of Medicine of the Future, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Nadezda V Andrianova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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12
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Liu L, Liu L, Liu R, Liu J, Cheng Q. Exosomal miR-21-5p derived from multiple myeloma cells promote renal epithelial-mesenchymal transition through targeting TGF-β/SMAD7 signalling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:711-718. [PMID: 36905209 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients combined with renal insufficiency is poor. Renal fibrosis is an important pathological cause for MM patients combined with renal insufficiency. It is reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells is an important mechanism in renal fibrosis. We speculated that EMT might play an important role in the renal insufficiency of MM with unclear mechanism. MM cells derived exosomes could affect the function of targeted cells by delivering microRNAs (miRNAs). Literature has shown that the expression of miR-21 is closely related to EMT. In this research, we found that co-culture of HK-2 cells (human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells) and exosomes derived from MM cells promoted the EMT of HK-2 cells, resulting in the down-regulation of epithelial-related marker (E-cadherin), and up-regulation of stroma-related marker (Vimentin). Meanwhile, the expression of SMAD7, one of the downstream targets in the TGF-β signalling pathway, was suppressed and the expression of TGF-β was increased. After transfecting the inhibitor of miR-21 in MM cells, the expression of miR-21 in exosomes secreted by MM cells was significantly decreased, and the co-culture of these treated exosomes and HK-2 cells inhibited the EMT of HK-2 cells. In conclusion, these findings showed that exosomal miR-21 derived from MM cells could promote renal EMT through targeting TGF-β/SMAD7 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Langni Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Liu Y, Cui J, Zhang J, Chen Z, Song Z, Bao D, Xiang R, Li D, Yang Y. Excess KLHL24 Impairs Skin Wound Healing through the Degradation of Vimentin. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1289-1298.e15. [PMID: 36716923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Start codon variants in ubiquitin ligase KLHL24 lead to a gain-of-function mutant KLHL24-ΔN28, which mediates the excessive degradation of keratin 15, desmin, and keratin 14, resulting in alopecia, cardiopathy, and epidermolysis bullosa syndrome. Patients with alopecia, cardiopathy, and epidermolysis bullosa syndrome normally present atrophic scars after wounds heal, which is rare in KRT14-related epidermolysis bullosa. The mechanisms underlying the formation of atrophic scars in epidermolysis bullosa of patients with alopecia, cardiopathy, and epidermolysis bullosa syndrome remain unclear. This study showed that KLHL24-ΔN28 impaired skin wound healing by excessively degrading vimentin. Heterozygous Klhl24c.3G>T knock-in mice displayed delayed wound healing and decreased wound collagen deposition. We identified vimentin as an unreported substrate of KLHL24. KLHL24-ΔN28 mediated the excessive degradation of vimentin, which failed to maintain efficient fibroblast proliferation and activation during wound healing. Furthermore, by mediating vimentin degradation, KLHL24 can hinder myofibroblast activation, which attenuated bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis. These findings showed the function of KLHL24 in regulating tissue remodeling, atrophic scarring, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Liu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongya Song
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Bao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyu Xiang
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Rudman-Melnick V, Adam M, Stowers K, Potter A, Ma Q, Chokshi SM, Vanhoutte D, Valiente-Alandi I, Lindquist DM, Nieman ML, Kofron JM, Potter SS, Devarajan P. Single-cell sequencing dissects the transcriptional identity of activated fibroblasts and identifies novel persistent distal tubular injury patterns in kidney fibrosis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2880248. [PMID: 37293022 PMCID: PMC10246229 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2880248/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Examining kidney fibrosis is crucial for mechanistic understanding and developing targeted strategies against chronic kidney disease (CKD). Persistent fibroblast activation and tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury are key CKD contributors. However, cellular and transcriptional landscapes of CKD and specific activated kidney fibroblast clusters remain elusive. Here, we analyzed single cell transcriptomic profiles of two clinically relevant kidney fibrosis models which induced robust kidney parenchymal remodeling. We dissected the molecular and cellular landscapes of kidney stroma and newly identified three distinctive fibroblast clusters with "secretory", "contractile" and "vascular" transcriptional enrichments. Also, both injuries generated failed repair TECs (frTECs) characterized by decline of mature epithelial markers and elevation of stromal and injury markers. Notably, frTECs shared transcriptional identity with distal nephron segments of the embryonic kidney. Moreover, we identified that both models exhibited robust and previously unrecognized distal spatial pattern of TEC injury, outlined by persistent elevation of renal TEC injury markers including Krt8, while the surviving proximal tubules (PTs) showed restored transcriptional signature. Furthermore, we found that long-term kidney injuries activated a prominent nephrogenic signature, including Sox4 and Hox gene elevation, which prevailed in the distal tubular segments. Our findings might advance understanding of and targeted intervention in fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mike Adam
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | | | | | - Qing Ma
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
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15
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Berr AL, Wiese K, Dos Santos G, Koch CM, Anekalla KR, Kidd M, Davis JM, Cheng Y, Hu YS, Ridge KM. Vimentin is required for tumor progression and metastasis in a mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02703-9. [PMID: 37161053 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin is highly expressed in metastatic cancers, and its expression correlates with poor patient prognoses. However, no causal in vivo studies linking vimentin and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression existed until now. We use three complementary in vivo models to show that vimentin is required for the progression of NSCLC. First, we crossed LSL-KrasG12D; Tp53fl/fl mice (KPV+/+) with vimentin knockout mice (KPV-/-) to demonstrate that KPV-/- mice have attenuated tumor growth and improved survival compared with KPV+/+ mice. Next, we therapeutically treated KPV+/+ mice with withaferin A (WFA), an agent that disrupts vimentin intermediate filaments (IFs). We show that WFA suppresses tumor growth and reduces tumor burden in the lung. Finally, luciferase-expressing KPV+/+, KPV-/-, or KPVY117L cells were implanted into the flanks of athymic mice to track cancer metastasis to the lung. In KPVY117L cells, vimentin forms oligomers called unit-length filaments but cannot assemble into mature vimentin IFs. KPV-/- and KPVY117L cells fail to metastasize, suggesting that cell-autonomous metastasis requires mature vimentin IFs. Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals that KPV-/- cells upregulate genes associated with ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death. KPV-/- cells have reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) levels, resulting in the accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides and increased ferroptosis. Together, our results demonstrate that vimentin is required for rapid tumor growth, metastasis, and protection from ferroptosis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Berr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristin Wiese
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gimena Dos Santos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clarissa M Koch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kishore R Anekalla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martha Kidd
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer M Davis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuan-Shih Hu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Falcón-Cama V, Montero-González T, Acosta-Medina EF, Guillen-Nieto G, Berlanga-Acosta J, Fernández-Ortega C, Alfonso-Falcón A, Gilva-Rodríguez N, López-Nocedo L, Cremata-García D, Matos-Terrero M, Pentón-Rol G, Valdés I, Oramas-Díaz L, Suarez-Batista A, Noa-Romero E, Cruz-Sui O, Sánchez D, Borrego-Díaz AI, Valdés-Carreras JE, Vizcaino A, Suárez-Alba J, Valdés-Véliz R, Bergado G, González MA, Hernandez T, Alvarez-Arzola R, Ramírez-Suárez AC, Casillas-Casanova D, Lemos-Pérez G, Blanco-Águila OR, Díaz A, González Y, Bequet-Romero M, Marín-Prida J, Hernández-Perera JC, Del Rosario-Cruz L, Marin-Díaz AP, González-Bravo M, Borrajero I, Acosta-Rivero N. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples, revealing cellular targets involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Arch Virol 2023; 168:96. [PMID: 36842152 PMCID: PMC9968404 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-host interactions involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, which might contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples of patients who died with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its relationship with host factors involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, using microscopy-based methods. The cases analyzed showed advanced stages of diffuse acute alveolar damage and fibrosis. We identified the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (NC) in a variety of cells, colocalizing with mitochondrial proteins, lipid droplets (LDs), and key host proteins that have been implicated in inflammation, tissue repair, and the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle (vimentin, NLRP3, fibronectin, LC3B, DDX3X, and PPARγ), pointing to vimentin and LDs as platforms involved not only in the viral life cycle but also in inflammation and pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 isolated from a patient´s nasal swab was grown in cell culture and used to infect hamsters. Target cells identified in human tissue samples included lung epithelial and endothelial cells; lipogenic fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) showing features of lipofibroblasts such as activated PPARγ signaling and LDs; lung FLCs expressing fibronectin and vimentin and macrophages, both with evidence of NLRP3- and IL1β-induced responses; regulatory cells expressing immune-checkpoint proteins involved in lung repair responses and contributing to inflammatory responses in the lung; CD34+ liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes expressing vimentin; renal interstitial cells; and the juxtaglomerular apparatus. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may directly interfere with critical lung, renal, and liver functions involved in COVID-19-pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Falcón-Cama
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba. .,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | - Emilio F Acosta-Medina
- Center for Advanced Studies of Cuba, Havana, Cuba. .,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Gerardo Guillen-Nieto
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Celia Fernández-Ortega
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Nathalie Gilva-Rodríguez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lilianne López-Nocedo
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daina Cremata-García
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mariuska Matos-Terrero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Giselle Pentón-Rol
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Iris Valdés
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Oramas-Díaz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Anamarys Suarez-Batista
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Enrique Noa-Romero
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Otto Cruz-Sui
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - José Suárez-Alba
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rodolfo Valdés-Véliz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gretchen Bergado
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Miguel A González
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tays Hernandez
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rydell Alvarez-Arzola
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Anna C Ramírez-Suárez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Dionne Casillas-Casanova
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gilda Lemos-Pérez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Mónica Bequet-Romero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Alina P Marin-Díaz
- International Orthopedic Scientific Complex 'Frank Pais Garcia', Havana, Cuba
| | - Maritza González-Bravo
- Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Nelson Acosta-Rivero
- Center for Protein Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Habana, Calle 25 entre J e I, #455, Plaza de la Revolucion, 10400, Havana, Cuba. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, INF 344, GO.1, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Lopez-Soler RI, Nikouee A, Kim M, Khan S, Sivaraman L, Ding X, Zang QS. Beclin-1 dependent autophagy improves renal outcomes following Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104652. [PMID: 36875088 PMCID: PMC9978333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy (IFTA) is the most common cause of long-term graft failure following renal transplant. One of the hallmarks of IFTA is the development of interstitial fibrosis and loss of normal renal architecture. In this study, we evaluated the role of autophagy initiation factor Beclin-1 in protecting against post-renal injury fibrosis. Methods Adult male wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were subjected to Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO), and kidney tissue samples were harvested at 72-hour, 1- and 3-week post-injury. The UUO-injured and uninjured kidney samples were examined histologically for fibrosis, autophagy flux, inflammation as well activation of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR). We compared WT mice with mice carrying a forced expression of constitutively active mutant form of Beclin-1, Becn1F121A/F121A . Results In all experiments, UUO injury induces a progressive development of fibrosis and inflammation. These pathological signs were diminished in Becn1F121A/F121A mice. In WT animals, UUO caused a strong blockage of autophagy flux, indicated by continuously increases in LC3II accompanied by an over 3-fold accumulation of p62 1-week post injury. However, increases in LC3II and unaffected p62 level by UUO were observed in Becn1F121A/F121A mice, suggesting an alleviation of disrupted autophagy. Beclin-1 F121A mutation causes a significant decrease in phosphorylation of inflammatory STING signal and limited production of IL6 and IFNγ, but had little effect on TNF-α, in response to UUO. Furthermore, activation of ISR signal cascade was detected in UUO-injured in kidneys, namely the phosphorylation signals of elF2S1 and PERK in addition to the stimulated expression of ISR effector ATF4. However, Becn1F121A/F121A mice did not reveal signs of elF2S1 and PERK activation under the same condition and had a dramatically reduced ATF level at 3-week post injury. Conclusions The results suggest that UUO causes a insufficient, maladaptive renal autophagy, which triggered downstream activation of inflammatory STING pathway, production of cytokines, and pathological activation of ISR, eventually leading to the development of fibrosis. Enhancing autophagy via Beclin-1 improved renal outcomes with diminished fibrosis, via underlying mechanisms of differential regulation of inflammatory mediators and control of maladaptive ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynold I. Lopez-Soler
- Section of Renal Transplantation, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Intra-Abdominal Transplantation, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Azadeh Nikouee
- Department of Surgery, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Matthew Kim
- Department of Surgery, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Saman Khan
- Department of Surgery, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Lakshmi Sivaraman
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiangzhong Ding
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Qun Sophia Zang
- Department of Surgery, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
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18
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Liang J, Liang J, Tan Q, Wang Z. ELAC2 Functions as a Key Gene in the Early Development of Placental Formation Based on WGCNA. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040613. [PMID: 36831280 PMCID: PMC9954566 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta plays a crucial role in mammalian fetal growth. The most important cell type in the placenta is the trophoblast cell. Many genes have been reported to play important functions in the differentiation of early placental trophoblast cells. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is a systematic biological method for describing the correlation patterns among genes across microarray samples. We used WGCNA to screen placental trophoblast development-related genes, and through experimental confirmation, we showed that, among these genes, ELAC2 may play an important regulatory role in the early development of mammalian placental formation. ELAC2 regulates early placental trophoblast differentiation by affecting cell migration and cell proliferation. In addition, ELAC2 may be involved in regulating cell migration processes in a manner that affects epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Liang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jingjie Liang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qiang Tan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572000, China
- Correspondence:
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19
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Liu N, Liu D, Cao S, Lei J. Silencing of adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 (AEBP1) alleviates renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro via inhibition of the β-catenin signaling pathway. Hum Cell 2023; 36:972-986. [PMID: 36738398 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the common final pathway in many renal diseases regardless of the underlying etiology. Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 (AEBP1) was reported to play a vital role in the development of organ fibrosis, but its role in renal fibrosis has not been reported. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible function of AEBP1 in renal fibrosis and the mechanism associated with the β-catenin signaling pathway. A total of 83 genes upregulated after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were screened from two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Among them, AEBP1 was enriched in collagen binding and the regulation of collagen fibril organization and was confirmed to be upregulated in UUO kidneys and TGF-β1-induced cells. Knockdown of AEBP1 ameliorated renal fibrosis via reducing collagen accumulation, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast transformation, as evidenced by decreases in the expression of collagen I and III, Col1a1, Col3a1, fibronectin, Snail, α-SMA, as well as collagen-specific staining of kidney tissues, whereas the E-cadherin was increased. Besides, AEBP1 silencing inhibited the expression of β-catenin in nucleus and β-catenin downstream proteins (Axin2, Myc, and Ccnd1). Continuously active β-catenin-S33Y further restored the inhibitory effect of AEBP1 silencing on renal fibrosis. These findings indicate that knockdown of AEBP1 could potentially slow down renal fibrosis by blocking the β-catenin signaling pathway, highlighting the potential of AEBP1 as a therapeutic target for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiquan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39#, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Dajun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39#, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110022, China.
| | - Shiyu Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Class of 2018, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39#, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110022, China
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20
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Willems A, Panchy N, Hong T. Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and MicroRNA Targeting Data to Improve Colorectal Cancer Survival Prediction. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36672162 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has proven to be difficult to treat as it is the second leading cause of cancer death for both men and women worldwide. Recent work has shown the importance of microRNA (miRNA) in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Here, we develop a metric based on miRNA-gene target interactions, previously validated to be associated with colorectal cancer. We use this metric with a regularized Cox model to produce a small set of top-performing genes related to colon cancer. We show that using the miRNA metric and a Cox model led to a meaningful improvement in colon cancer survival prediction and correct patient risk stratification. We show that our approach outperforms existing methods and that the top genes identified by our process are implicated in NOTCH3 signaling and general metabolism pathways, which are essential to colon cancer progression.
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21
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Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh S, Farajli Abbasi M, Ghasemi M, Bayat G, Davoodian N, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Poormoosavi SM, Rafizadeh M, Maleki M, Shirzad-Aski H, Kargar Jahromi H, Dadkhah M, Khalvati B, Safari T, Behmanesh MA, Khoshnam SE, Houshmand G, Talaei SA. Anesthesia and analgesia for common research models of adult mice. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:40. [PMID: 36514128 PMCID: PMC9746144 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems "anesthesia" and "analgesia" are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts. Not only this is an unethical practice, but also it may be one of the reasons for the proven suboptimal quality of many animal researches. This is a widespread problem among investigations on various species of animals. However, it could be imagined that it may be more prevalent for the most common species of laboratory animals, such as the laboratory mice. In this review, proper anesthetic/analgesic methods for routine procedures on laboratory mice are discussed. We considered the available literature and critically reviewed their anesthetic/analgesic methods. Detailed dosing and pharmacological information for the relevant drugs are provided and some of the drugs' side effects are discussed. This paper provides the necessary data for an informed choice of anesthetic/analgesic methods in some routine procedures on laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.415814.d0000 0004 0612 272XThe National Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research, Floor 13th, Complex A, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Eyvanak Blvd., Shahrake Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farajli Abbasi
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bayat
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Physiology-Pharmacology-Medical Physic, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Davoodian
- grid.412237.10000 0004 0385 452XEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Preclinical Core Facility (TPCF), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, England
| | - Seyedeh Mahsa Poormoosavi
- grid.512425.50000 0004 4660 6569Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Melika Rafizadeh
- grid.411600.2Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Maleki
- grid.449129.30000 0004 0611 9408Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski
- grid.411747.00000 0004 0418 0096Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Kargar Jahromi
- grid.444764.10000 0004 0612 0898Research Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- grid.411426.40000 0004 0611 7226Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- grid.413020.40000 0004 0384 8939Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Tahereh Safari
- grid.488433.00000 0004 0612 8339School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, PhD, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,grid.488433.00000 0004 0612 8339Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Behmanesh
- grid.512425.50000 0004 4660 6569Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Houshmand
- grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sayyed Alireza Talaei
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Du H, Le G, Hou L, Mao X, Liu S, Huang K. Nontoxic Concentration of Ochratoxin A Aggravates Renal Fibrosis Induced by Adriamycin/Cyclosporine A Nephropathy via TGF-β1/SMAD2/3. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:14005-14014. [PMID: 36278938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most common contaminant in food and feed, which causes nephrotoxicity. Studies revealed that a low level of OTA contamination could also cause physiological dysfunction. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an important public health problem with increasing morbidity. However, the potential effect of nontoxic OTA on CKD remains uncertain. In this study, adriamycin (ADR) and cyclosporine A (CSA) were used to stimulate glomerular nephropathy and tubular nephropathy, respectively. Renal injury was aggravated due to OTA (0.25 mg/kg) exposure in the mouse nephropathy models, assessing by renal histomorphology and the detection of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatine (SCr) levels. We noticed that nontoxic dosage of OTA increased the expression of fibrotic factors, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Vimentin in a nephropathic mouse, which indicated the exacerbation of ADR/CSA-induced renal fibrosis. We conducted in vitro experiments in glomerular mesangial cells and renal tubular epithelial cells. Nontoxic concentration of OTA was found to exacerbate the cytotoxicity of ADR/CSA and intensify renal fibrosis by activating TGF-β1/SMAD2/3. Thus, this study may provide convincing evidence for the prevention of CKD aggravation and the renewal of food hygiene standards in mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guannan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
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23
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Le G, Du H, Sylia A, Hou L, Muhmood A, Wei W, Huang K. Ochratoxin A induced differentiation nephrotoxicity in renal tubule and glomeruli via autophagy differential regulation. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 95:103973. [PMID: 36096441 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that mainly causes nephrotoxicity. The single nephrotoxicity of OTA exposure on glomeruli or renal tubule had been well documented, however, the comparison toxicity between it is still unclear. Here, C57BL/6 mice and two types of nephrocyte were treated with concentration-gradient OTA to explore its differentiation nephrotoxicity. Results showed that OTA induced nephrotoxicity in vivo and in vitro, manifested as the deteriorative kidney function in mice and the cut-down cell viability in nephrocyte. Besides, results of murine kidney pathological section and IC50 of two types nephrocyte indicated that OTA-induced toxicity in renal tubule was higher than its in glomeruli. In addition, OTA exposure induced autophagy signaling differentiation expression. It revealed that autophagy was implicated in OTA-induced differential nephrotoxicity in glomeruli and renal tubule. Altogether, we proved that OTA induces a differentiation nephrotoxicity in glomeruli and renal tubule, and it is related to autophagy differential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Le
- Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Heng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ardache Sylia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Azhar Muhmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Argeri R, Nishi EE, Kimura Lichtenecker DC, Gomes GN. Effects of maternal fructose intake on the offspring’s kidneys. Front Physiol 2022; 13:969048. [PMID: 36148312 PMCID: PMC9485812 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.969048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose overload is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. During pregnancy, these alterations may affect the maternal environment and predispose offspring to diseases. Aims: To evaluate the renal morphology and function of offspring of dams that received fructose overload during pregnancy and lactation. Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into the control (C) and fructose (F) groups. C received food and water ad libitum, and F received food and d-fructose solution (20%) ad libitum. The d-fructose offer started 1 week before mating and continued during pregnancy and lactation. The progeny were designated as control (C) or fructose (F); after weaning, half of the F received water to drink (FW), and half received d-fructose (FF). Blood pressure (BP) and renal function were evaluated. The expression of sodium transporters (NHE3-exchanger, NKCC2 and NCC-cotransporters, and ENaC channels) and markers of renal dysfunction, including ED1 (macrophage), eNOS, 8OHdG (oxidative stress), renin, and ACE 1 and 2, were evaluated. CEUA-UNIFESP: 2757270117. The FF group presented with reduced glomerular filtration rate and urinary osmolarity, increased BP, proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, and increased expression of transporters (NHE3, NCC, and ENaC), 8OHdG, renin, and ACE1. The FW group did not show increased BP and renal functional alterations; however, it presented glomerular hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, and increased expression of the transporters (NHE3, NKCC2, NCC, and ENaC), renin, and ACE1. These data suggest that fructose overload during fetal development alters renal development, resulting in the increased expression of renin, ACE1, and sodium transporters, thus predisposing to hypertension and renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Argeri
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Emy Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guiomar Nascimento Gomes
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Guiomar Nascimento Gomes,
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Elsakka EGE, Mokhtar MM, Hegazy M, Ismail A, Doghish AS. Megalin, a multi-ligand endocytic receptor, and its participation in renal function and diseases: A review. Life Sci 2022; 308:120923. [PMID: 36049529 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The endocytosis mechanism is a complicated system that is essential for cell signaling and survival. Megalin, a membrane-associated endocytic receptor, and its related proteins such as cubilin, the neonatal Fc receptor for IgG, and NaPi-IIa are important in receptors-mediated endocytosis. Physiologically, megalin uptakes plasma vitamins and proteins from primary urine, preventing their loss. It also facilitates tubular retrieval of solutes and endogenous components that may be involved in modulation and recovery from kidney injuries. Moreover, megalin is responsible for endocytosis of xenobiotics and drugs in renal tubules, increasing their half-life and/or their toxicity. Fluctuations in megalin expression and/or functionality due to changes in its regulatory mechanisms are associated with some sort of kidney injury. Also, it's an important component of several pathological conditions, including diabetic nephropathy and Dent disease. Thus, exploring the fundamental role of megalin in the kidney might help in the protection and/or treatment of multiple kidney-related diseases. Hence, this review aimed to explore the physiological roles of megalin in the kidney and their implications for kidney-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
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Cong B, Liu X, Chen J, Li H, Fan X. Effect of microRNA-663b on migration, invasion and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 40:386-393. [PMID: 38596953 PMCID: PMC9396422 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of microRNA-663b (miR-6636) on migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (OSCC). METHODS Use R Studio of gene expression omnibus (GEO) database to analyze expressions of miR-663b in the OSCC and adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-663b in tissues and cells. The transfection efficiency of HN30 cells with miR-663b knockout plasmid was detected. Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of the migration and invasion ability. Bioinformatics method was used to predict the targeted mRNA that may bind to miR-663b and double luciferase assay was used to verify the binding. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of EMT-related markers. RESULTS The expression of miR-663b was up-regulated in OSCC tissues and higher in HN30, CAL27 and SCC-9 cells than in HOEC cells (P<0.05). Knockout of miR-663b could inhibit migration and invasion of HN30 cells (P<0.05) and inhibit the occurrence of EMT. Bioinformatics prediction software predicts that SH3BP2 was the target gene of miR-663b, and patients with low SH3BP2 expression had a poor prognosis (P<0.05). MiR-663b could bind to SHBP2 (P<0.05). The expression of SH3BP2 was increased and the occurrence of EMT was inhibited in HN30 cells with miR-663b knocked out. CONCLUSIONS Knockout of miR-663b can inhibit the migration, invasion and EMT of OSCC by targeting SH3BP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiao Cong
- Dept.of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Dept.of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Dept.of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Medicine Research Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Dept.of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
- Medicine Research Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
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Chiang M, Chern E. More than Antibiotics: Latest Therapeutics in the Treatment and Prevention of Ocular Surface Infections. J Clin Med 2022; 11:4195. [PMID: 35887958 PMCID: PMC9323953 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular surface infections have been common issues for ophthalmologists for decades. Traditional strategies for infection include antibiotics, antiviral agents, and steroids. However, multiple drug-resistant bacteria have become more common with the prevalence of antibiotic use. Furthermore, an ideal treatment for an infectious disease should not only emphasize eliminating the microorganism but also maintaining clear and satisfying visual acuity. Immunogenetic inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and corneal scarring pose serious threats to vision, and they are not attenuated or prevented by traditional antimicrobial therapeutics. Herein, we collected information about current management techniques including stem-cell therapy, probiotics, and gene therapy as well as preventive strategies related to Toll-like receptors. Finally, we will introduce the latest research findings in ocular drug-delivery systems, which may enhance the bioavailability and efficiency of ocular therapeutics. The clinical application of improved delivery systems and novel therapeutics may support people suffering from ocular surface infections.
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Ruiter FAA, Morgan FLC, Roumans N, Schumacher A, Slaats GG, Moroni L, LaPointe VLS, Baker MB. Soft, Dynamic Hydrogel Confinement Improves Kidney Organoid Lumen Morphology and Reduces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Culture. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200543. [PMID: 35567354 PMCID: PMC9284132 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids offer a promising solution to renal failure, yet current organoid protocols often lead to off-target cells and phenotypic alterations, preventing maturity. Here, various dynamic hydrogel architectures are created, conferring a controlled and biomimetic environment for organoid encapsulation. How hydrogel stiffness and stress relaxation affect renal phenotype and undesired fibrotic markers are investigated. The authors observe that stiff hydrogel encapsulation leads to an absence of certain renal cell types and signs of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas encapsulation in soft, stress-relaxing hydrogels leads to all major renal segments, fewer fibrosis or EMT associated proteins, apical proximal tubule polarization, and primary cilia formation, representing a significant improvement over current approaches to culture kidney organoids. The findings show that engineering hydrogel mechanics and dynamics have a decided benefit for organoid culture. These structure-property-function relationships can enable the rational design of materials, bringing us closer to functional engraftments and disease-modeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A. A. Ruiter
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology‐Inspired Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Francis L. C. Morgan
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology‐Inspired Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Anika Schumacher
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology‐Inspired Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Gisela G. Slaats
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneCologne50937Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneCologne50931Germany
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L. S. LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology‐Inspired Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Complex Tissue EngineeringMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERthe Netherlands
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Karoii DH, Azizi H, Amirian M. Signaling Pathways and Protein-Protein Interaction of Vimentin in Invasive and Migration Cells: A Review. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:165-174. [PMID: 35749708 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The vimentin (encoded by VIM) is one of the 70 human intermediate filaments (IFs), building highly dynamic and cell-type-specific web networks in the cytoplasm. Vim-/- mice exhibit process defects associated with cell differentiation, which can have implications for understanding cancer and disease. This review showed recent reports from studies that unveiled vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs) as an essential component of the cytoskeleton, followed by a description of vimentin's physiological functions and process reports in VIF signaling pathway and gene network studies. The main focus of the discussion is on vital signaling pathways associated with how VIF coordinates invasion cells and migration. The current research will open up multiple processes to research the function of VIF and other IF proteins in cellular and molecular biology, and they will lead to essential insights into different VIF levels for the invasive metastatic cancer cells. Enrich GO databases used Gene Ontology and Pathway Enrichment Analysis. Estimation with STRING online was to predict the functional and molecular interactions of proteins-protein with Cytoscape analysis to search and select the master genes. Using Cytoscape and STRING analysis, we presented eight genes, RhoA, Smad3, Akt1, Cdk2, Rock1, Rock2, Mapk1, and Mapk8, as the essential protein-protein interaction with vimentin involved in the invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Hashemi Karoii
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Amirian
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Hsieh YH, Tsai JP, Ting YH, Hung TW, Chao WW. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the phosphorylated-AKT mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2022; 13:4641-4652. [PMID: 35373225 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00204c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression via renal fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial feature of renal fibrosis. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with a wide range of desirable biological activities. In this study, we investigated whether RA exerted anti-renal fibrosis effects and its related mechanisms in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were orally administered RA (10 and 20 mg kg-1 d-1) for 7 consecutive days before and after UUO surgery. The mice were then sacrificed to collect the blood and kidneys. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining were used to evaluate the renal injury and function. Immunohistochemical analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of EMT markers. In vitro studies were performed using the IS-stimulated NRK-52E cell line. Here, the pathological changes, collagen deposition, and mRNA and protein expression levels of profibrotic factors and fibrotic markers were found to be significantly elevated in the kidneys of UUO mice. We found that RA administration significantly ameliorated UUO-induced kidney damage by reversing abnormal serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. It was found that RA treatment decreased the expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, fibronectin, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vimentin and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) while increasing the E-cadherin expression in both UUO kidneys and IS-treated NRK-52E cells. Our results demonstrate that RA may be a promising therapeutic agent for renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Ting
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wan Chao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
More than 27 yr ago, the vimentin knockout (Vim-/- ) mouse was reported to develop and reproduce without an obvious phenotype, implying that this major cytoskeletal protein was nonessential. Subsequently, comprehensive and careful analyses have revealed numerous phenotypes in Vim-/- mice and their organs, tissues, and cells, frequently reflecting altered responses in the recovery of tissues following various insults or injuries. These findings have been supported by cell-based experiments demonstrating that vimentin intermediate filaments (IFs) play a critical role in regulating cell mechanics and are required to coordinate mechanosensing, transduction, signaling pathways, motility, and inflammatory responses. This review highlights the essential functions of vimentin IFs revealed from studies of Vim-/- mice and cells derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - John E Eriksson
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland
- Euro-Bioimaging European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), FIN-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
| | - Robert D Goldman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Tokuda K, Yamanaka Y, Kosugi K, Nishimura H, Okada Y, Tsukamoto M, Tajima T, Suzuki H, Kawasaki M, Uchida S, Nakamura E, Wang KY, Sakai A. Development of a novel knee contracture mouse model by immobilization using external fixation. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:169-182. [PMID: 33602048 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1892088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Several studies have used animal models to examine knee joint contracture; however, few reports detail the construction process of a knee joint contracture model in a mouse. The use of mouse models is beneficial, as genetically modified mice can be used to investigate the pathogenesis of joint contracture. Compared to others, mouse models are associated with a lower cost to evaluate therapeutic effects. Here, we describe a novel knee contracture mouse model by immobilization using external fixation. METHODS The knee joints of mice were immobilized by external fixation using a splint and tape. The passive extension range of motion (ROM), histological and immunohistochemical changes, and expression levels of fibrosis-related genes at 2 and 4 weeks were compared between the immobilized (Im group) and non-immobilized (Non-Im group) groups. RESULTS The extension ROM at 4 weeks was significantly lower in the Im group than in the Non-Im group (p < 0.01). At 2 and 4 weeks, the thickness and area of the joint capsule were significantly greater in the Im group than in the Non-Im group (p < 0.01 in all cases). At 2 weeks, the mRNA expression levels of the fibrosis-related genes, except for the transforming growth factor-β1, and the protein levels of cellular communication network factor 2 and vimentin in the joint capsule were significantly higher in the Im group (p < 0.01 in all cases). CONCLUSION This mouse model may serve as a useful tool to investigate the etiology of joint contracture and establish new treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Tokuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kosugi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Soshi Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Wakamatsu Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akinori Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
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Tajima K, Yagi H, Morisaku T, Nishi K, Kushige H, Kojima H, Higashi H, Kuroda K, Kitago M, Adachi S, Natsume T, Nishimura K, Oya M, Kitagawa Y. An organ-derived extracellular matrix triggers in situ kidney regeneration in a preclinical model. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:18. [PMID: 35228532 PMCID: PMC8885654 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It has not been considered that nephrons regenerate in adult mammals. We present that an organ-derived extracellular matrix in situ induces nephron regeneration in a preclinical model. A porcine kidney-derived extracellular matrix was sutured onto the surface of partial nephrectomy (PN)-treated kidney. Twenty-eight days after implantation, glomeruli, vessels, and renal tubules, characteristic of nephrons, were histologically observed within the matrix. No fibrillogenesis was observed in the matrix nor the matrix-sutured kidney, although this occurred in a PN kidney without the matrix, indicating the structures were newly induced by the matrix. The expression of renal progenitor markers, including Sall1, Six2, and WT-1, within the matrix supported the induction of nephron regeneration by the matrix. Furthermore, active blood flow was observed inside the matrix using computed tomography. The matrix provides structural and functional foundations for the development of cell-free scaffolds with a remarkably low risk of immune rejection and cancerization.
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Paulin D, Lilienbaum A, Kardjian S, Agbulut O, Li Z. Vimentin: Regulation and pathogenesis. Biochimie 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Gui Z, Suo C, Tao J, Wang Z, Zheng M, Fei S, Chen H, Sun L, Han Z, Ju X, Zhang H, Gu M, Tan R. Everolimus Alleviates Renal Allograft Interstitial Fibrosis by Inhibiting Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Not Only via Inducing Autophagy but Also via Stabilizing IκB-α. Front Immunol 2022; 12:753412. [PMID: 35140705 PMCID: PMC8818677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) is the major cause of late graft loss in long-term renal transplantation. In our previous study, we found that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a significant event in the progression of renal allograft tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and impaired autophagic flux plays a critical role in renal allograft fibrosis. Everolimus (EVR) has been reported to be widely used to prevent the progression of organ fibrosis and graft rejection. However, the pharmacological mechanism of EVR in kidney transplantation remains to be determined. We used CAD rat model and the human kidney 2 (HK2) cell line treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and EVR to examine the role of EVR on TNF-α-induced EMT and transplanted renal interstitial fibrosis. Here, we found that EVR could attenuate the progression of EMT and renal allograft interstitial fibrosis, and also activate autophagy in vivo. To explore the mechanism behind it, we detected the relationship among EVR, autophagy level, and TNF-α-induced EMT in HK2 cells. Our results showed that autophagy was upregulated upon mTOR pathway inhibition by EVR, which could significantly reduce expression of TNF-α-induced EMT. However, the inhibition of EVR on TNF-α-induced EMT was partly reversed following the addition of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. In addition, we found that TNF-α activated EMT through protein kinase B (Akt) as well as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway according to the RNA sequencing, and EVR’s effect on the EMT was only associated with IκB-α stabilization instead of the Akt pathway. Together, our findings suggest that EVR may retard impaired autophagic flux and block NF-κB pathway activation, and thereby prevent progression of TNF-α-induced EMT and renal allograft interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Gui
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanjian Suo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Fei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Ju
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengcheng Zhang
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ruoyun Tan, ; Min Gu, ; Hengcheng Zhang,
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruoyun Tan, ; Min Gu, ; Hengcheng Zhang,
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruoyun Tan, ; Min Gu, ; Hengcheng Zhang,
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Fan X, Xu M, Chen X, Ren Q, Fan Y, Wang R, Chen J, Cui L, Wang Z, Sun X, Guo N. Proteomic profiling and correlations with clinical features reveal biomarkers indicative of diabetic retinopathy with diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001391. [PMID: 36277688 PMCID: PMC9581084 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are complications of diabetes and place serious health and economic burdens on society. However, the identification and characterization of early biomarkers for DKD, especially for nonproliferative DR (NPDR) patients with DKD, are still needed. This study aimed to demonstrate the plasma proteomic profiles of NPDR+DKD and NPDR patients and identify potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of DKD. Fifteen plasma samples from the NPDR group and nine from the NPDR+DKD group were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to identify the differentially expressed proteins between the two groups. Functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction and clinical feature correlation analyses revealed the target protein candidates, which were verified using ELISA and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. In total, 410 proteins were detected in plasma; 15 were significantly upregulated and 7 were downregulated in the NPDR+DKD group. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that DKD is closely related to cell adhesion and immunity pathways. β-2-Microglobulin (B2M) and vimentin (VIM) were upregulated in NPDR+DKD, enriched as hub proteins and strongly correlated with clinical features. ELISA showed that B2M (p<0.001) and VIM (p<0.0001) were significantly upregulated in NPDR+DKD compared with NPDR. In ROC analysis, B2M and VIM could distinguish DKD from NPDR with area under the curve values of 0.9000 (p < 0.0001) and 0.9950. Our proteomic study revealed alterations in the proteomic profile and identified VIM and B2M as early biomarkers of DKD, laying the foundation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao’e Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao’e Fan,
| | - Manhong Xu
- Department of Vitreoretinal and Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research Center of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Vitreoretinal and Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research Center of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianfeng Ren
- Department of Pathology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Zhengmin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Nannan Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
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Mathew AP, Uthaman S, Bae EH, Lee JY, Park IK. Vimentin Targeted Nano-gene Carrier for Treatment of Renal Diseases. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e333. [PMID: 34931497 PMCID: PMC8688343 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, and there is no permanent treatment for reversing kidney failure; thus, early diagnosis and effective treatment are required. Gene therapy has outstanding potential; however, the lack of safe gene delivery vectors, a reasonable transfection rate, and kidney targeting ability limit its application. Nanoparticles can offer innovative ways to diagnose and treat kidney diseases as they facilitate targetability and therapeutic efficacy. METHODS Herein, we developed a proximal renal tubule-targeting gene delivery system based on alternative copolymer (PS) of sorbitol and polyethyleneimine (PEI), modified with vimentin-specific chitobionic acid (CA), producing PS-conjugated CA (PSC) for targeting toward vimentin-expressing cells in the kidneys. In vitro studies were used to determine cell viability, transfection efficiency, serum influence, and specific uptake in the human proximal renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2). Finally, the targeting efficiency of the prepared PSC gene carriers was checked in a murine model of Alport syndrome. RESULTS Our results suggested that the prepared polyplex showed low cytotoxicity, enhanced transfection efficiency, specific uptake toward HK-2 cells, and excellent targeting efficiency toward the kidneys. CONCLUSION Collectively, from these results it can be inferred that the PSC can be further evaluated as a potential gene carrier for the kidney-targeted delivery of therapeutic genes for treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuja Pulickal Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Engineering, Gwangju, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Korea.
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Lin CH, Wan C, Liu WS, Wang HH. PM2.5 Induces Early Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Human Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells through Activation of IL-6/STAT3 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12734. [PMID: 34884542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter exposure has been known as a potential risk for the global burden of disease, such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm) is associated with increased risk of kidney disease, but the mechanisms underlying the renal injury caused by PM2.5 remain to be elucidated. This study investigated the effects of PM2.5 on human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells by monolayer and 3D spheroid cultures and explored the potential mechanisms. The typical morphology of HK-2 cells showed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in reduced adhesion and enhanced migration after PM2.5 exposure, and was accompanied by decreased E-cadherin expression and increased vimentin and α-SMA expressions. Exposure to PM2.5 in the HK-2 cells could lead to an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and cause the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is involved in EMT features of HK-2 cells. Furthermore, blocking IL-6/STAT3 signaling by an IL-6 neutralizing antibody or STAT3 inhibitor was sufficient to reverse PM2.5-induced EMT characteristics of the HK-2 cells. Our study suggests that PM2.5 could induce early renal tubule cell injury, contributing to EMT change, and the induction of IL-6/STAT3 pathway may play an important role in this process.
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Li A, Cunanan J, Khalili H, Plageman T, Ask K, Khan A, Hunjan A, Drysdale T, Bridgewater D. Shroom3, a Gene Associated with CKD, Modulates Epithelial Recovery after AKI. Kidney360 2021; 3:51-62. [PMID: 35368578 PMCID: PMC8967620 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0003802021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Ischemia-induced AKI resulting in tubular damage can often progress to CKD and is a common cause of nephrology consultation. After renal tubular epithelial damage, molecular and cellular mechanisms are activated to repair and regenerate the damaged epithelium. If these mechanisms are impaired, AKI can progress to CKD. Even in patients whose kidney function returns to normal baseline are more likely to develop CKD. Genome-wide association studies have provided robust evidence that genetic variants in Shroom3, which encodes an actin-associated protein, are associated with CKD and poor outcomes in transplanted kidneys. Here, we sought to further understand the associations of Shroom3 in CKD. Methods Kidney ischemia was induced in wild-type (WT) and Shroom3 heterozygous null mice (Shroom3Gt/+ ) and the mechanisms of cellular recovery and repair were examined. Results A 28-minute bilateral ischemia in Shroom3Gt/+ mice resulted in 100% mortality within 24 hours. After 22-minute ischemic injury, Shroom3Gt/+ mice had a 16% increased mortality, worsened kidney function, and significantly worse histopathology, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis after injury. The cortical tubular damage in Shroom3Gt/+ was associated with disrupted epithelial redifferentiation, disrupted Rho-kinase/myosin signaling, and disorganized apical F-actin. Analysis of MDCK cells showed the levels of Shroom3 are directly correlated to apical organization of actin and actomyosin regulators. Conclusion These findings establish that Shroom3 is required for epithelial repair and redifferentiation through the organization of actomyosin regulators, and could explain why genetic variants in Shroom3 are associated with CKD and allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Li
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joanna Cunanan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Hadiseh Khalili
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ahsan Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ashmeet Hunjan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Thomas Drysdale
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Darren Bridgewater
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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El-Kady MM, Naggar RA, Guimei M, Talaat IM, Shaker OG, Saber-Ayad M. Early Renoprotective Effect of Ruxolitinib in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070608. [PMID: 34202668 PMCID: PMC8308627 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is still one of the unresolved major complications of diabetes mellitus, which leads ultimately to end-stage renal disease in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients. Available drugs that suppress the renin-angiotensin system have partially minimized the disease impact. Yet, there is an unmet need for new therapeutic interventions to protect the kidneys of diabetic patients. In DN, glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis are mediated through several pathways, of which JAK/STAT is a key one. The current study explored the potential renoprotective effect of the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (at doses of 0.44, 2.2, and 4.4 mg·kg-1) compared to that of enalapril at a dose of 10 mg·kg-1, in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus over 8 weeks. The effect of ruxolitinib was assessed by determining urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, serum level of cystatin, and levels of TGF-β1, NF-κB, and TNF-α in renal tissue homogenates by biochemical assays, the glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis scores by histological analysis, and fibronectin, TGF-β1, and Vimentin levels by immunohistochemical staining with the respective antibodies. Our results revealed a significant early favorable effect of a two-week ruxolitinib treatment on the renal function, supported by a decline in the proinflammatory biomarkers of DKD. This pre-clinical study suggests that the renoprotective effect of ruxolitinib in the long term should be investigated in animals, as this drug may prove to be a potential option for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. El-Kady
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11559, Egypt;
| | - Reham A. Naggar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12411, Egypt;
| | - Maha Guimei
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt; (M.G.); (I.M.T.)
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt; (M.G.); (I.M.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Olfat G. Shaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Cairo 11559, Egypt
- Correspondence: (O.G.S.); (M.S.-A.)
| | - Maha Saber-Ayad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (O.G.S.); (M.S.-A.)
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Shi Y, Yan F, Wang F, Pan L. MiR-128-3p suppresses tumor proliferation and metastasis via targeting CDC6 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101534. [PMID: 33991762 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. The present study devotes efforts to discover the role of miR-128-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS MiR-128-3p and cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) expressions in HCC tissue (n = 50) and adjacent normal tissue (n = 50) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). MTT assay and flow cytometry were applied to measure the viability and cell cycle distribution of HuH7 and HCCLM3 cells, respectively. The potential binding sites of miR-128-3p on CDC6 were predicted with Targetscan 7.2 and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Expression analysis of CDC6 and survival analysis in HCC were performed by GEPIA2. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect HCC cell migration and invasion, respectively. Expressions of miR-128-3p and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (MMP2, MMP9, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin and Vimentin) were quantified using qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS MiR-128-3p mRNA expression was lower in HCC tissue than in adjacent normal tissues. HCC cell viability was suppressed and cell cycle was arrested in G0/S phase by miR-128-3p mimic. CDC6 was targeted by miR-128-3p and had higher expression in HCC tissue. The promotive effects of overexpressed CDC6 on HCC cell viability, migration and invasion were reversed by up-regulating miR-128-3p. And the effects of overexpressed CDC6 on inhibiting E-Cadherin expression yet promoting MMP2, MMP9, N-Cadherin and Vimentin expressions in HCC cells were reversed by up-regulating miR-128-3p. CONCLUSION MiR-128-3p may suppress HCC cell proliferation and metastasis via targeting CDC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinchang People's Hospital, China; School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, China
| | - Fuguo Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinchang People's Hospital, China; Wuhan University, China
| | - Fangping Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinchang People's Hospital, China; Wenzhou Medical College, China
| | - Linfeng Pan
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, China; Department of General Surgery, Xinchang People's Hospital, China.
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Zeng J, Li D, Li Z, Zhang J, Zhao X. Dendrobium officinale Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis via Inhibiting EMT Signaling Pathway in HFD/STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:864-872. [PMID: 32378562 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a major contributor for diabetic cardiomyopathy and Dendrobium officinale possessed therapeutic effects on hyperglycemia and diabetic cardiomyopathy. To further investigate the possible mechanisms of the Dendrobium officinale on diabetic myocardial fibrosis in mice. Water-soluble extracts of Dendrobium officinale (DOE) from dry stem was analyzed by HPLC and phenol-sulfuric acid method. Diabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg) for 4 consecutive days after intragastric administration of a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks. The groups were as follows: control group, model group, DOE low, medium, high dose group (75, 150, 300 mg/kg) and Metformin positive group (125 mg/kg). The results showed that DOE dose-dependently lower serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and grew the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) after 12 weeks of daily administration with DOE. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Sirius red staining showed obvious amelioration of cardiac injury and fibrosis. In addition, the result of immunoblot indicated that DOE increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (p-IRS1) and E-cadherin and repressed the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), Twist, Snail1 and Vimentin. The present findings suggested that DOE ameliorated HFD/STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The possible mechanism mainly associated with DOE accelerating lipid transport, inhibiting insulin resistant and suppressing fibrosis induced by epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University
| | - Dongning Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University
| | - Zhubo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University
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Patel A, Anderson G, Galea GL, Balys M, Sowden JC. A molecular and cellular analysis of human embryonic optic fissure closure related to the eye malformation coloboma. Development 2020; 147:dev193649. [PMID: 33158926 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ocular coloboma is a congenital eye malformation, resulting from a failure in optic fissure closure (OFC) and causing visual impairment. There has been little study of the epithelial fusion process underlying closure in the human embryo and coloboma aetiology remains poorly understood. We performed RNAseq of cell populations isolated using laser capture microdissection to identify novel human OFC signature genes and probe the expression profile of known coloboma genes, along with a comparative murine analysis. Gene set enrichment patterns showed conservation between species. Expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition was transiently enriched in the human fissure margins during OFC at days 41-44. Electron microscopy and histological analyses showed that cells transiently delaminate at the point of closure, and produce cytoplasmic protrusions, before rearranging to form two continuous epithelial layers. Apoptosis was not observed in the human fissure margins. These analyses support a model of human OFC in which epithelial cells at the fissure margins undergo a transient epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition, facilitating cell rearrangement to form a complete optic cup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aara Patel
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Gabriel L Galea
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Monika Balys
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jane C Sowden
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Sarkar S, Saha P, Seth RK, Mondal A, Bose D, Kimono D, Albadrani M, Mukherjee A, Porter DE, Scott GI, Xiao S, Brooks B, Ferry J, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Chatterjee S. Higher intestinal and circulatory lactate associated NOX2 activation leads to an ectopic fibrotic pathology following microcystin co-exposure in murine fatty liver disease. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 238:108854. [PMID: 32781293 PMCID: PMC7541568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies implicated an increased risk of intestinal fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our previous studies have shown that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure led to altered gut microbiome and increased abundance of lactate producing bacteria and intestinal inflammation in underlying NAFLD. This led us to further investigate the effects of the MC-LR, a PP2A inhibitor in activating the TGF-β fibrotic pathway in the intestines that might be mediated by increased lactate induced redox enzyme NOX2. Exposure to MC-LR led to higher lactate levels in circulation and in the intestinal content. The higher lactate levels were associated with NOX2 activation in vivo that led to increased Smad2/3-Smad4 co-localization and high alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunoreactivity in the intestines. Mechanistically, primary mouse intestinal epithelial cells treated with lactate and MC-LR separately led to higher NOX2 activation, phosphorylation of TGFβR1 receptor and subsequent Smad 2/3-Smad4 co-localization inhibitable by apocynin (NOX2 inhibitor), FBA (a peroxynitrite scavenger) and DMPO (a nitrone spin trap), catalase and superoxide dismutase. Inhibition of NOX2-induced redox signaling also showed a significant decrease in collagen protein thus suggesting a strong redox signaling induced activation of an ectopic fibrotic manifestation in the intestines. In conclusion, the present study provides mechanistic insight into the role of microcystin in dysbiosis-linked lactate production and subsequently advances our knowledge in lactate-induced NOX2 exacerbation of the cell differentiation and fibrosis in the NAFLD intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Sarkar
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Punnag Saha
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Ratanesh K Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Ayan Mondal
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Diana Kimono
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Muayad Albadrani
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Dwayne E Porter
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Geoff I Scott
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Shuo Xiao
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, USA
| | - John Ferry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology(,) University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology(,) University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA.
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Hsieh YH, Syu RJ, Lee CC, Lin SH, Lee CH, Cheng CW, Tsai JP. Arecoline induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in HK2 cells by upregulating the ERK-mediated signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:1007-1014. [PMID: 32441858 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arecoline, a component of betel nuts, is a known carcinogen that causes oral cancers among those who chew betel nuts. Betel nut chewing is also associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the role of arecoline in this association is unclear. This in vitro study investigates the effects of arecoline on cultured human kidney (HK2) cells. We observed that arecoline had no effect on cell viability but increased cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that arecoline treatment caused a dose-dependent decrease in E-cadherin expression and dose-dependent increases in N-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA, and collagen expression; reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed dose-dependent increases in α-SMA and collagen mRNA. Arecoline treatment upregulated the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase through epithelial mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis in HK2 cells. These findings demonstrate that arecoline plays a role in inducing the epithelial mesenchymal transition and fibrogenesis in renal tubule cells and suggest that arecoline promotes the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Jiang Syu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Che Lee
- Department of Medicine Research, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Huey Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Permana S, Putri Fityanti R, Norahmawati E, Iskandar A, Anggraini Mulyadi ED, Tri Endharti A. Coelomic Fluid of Eisenia fetida Ameliorates Cetuximab to Reduce K-Ras and Vimentin Expression through Promoting RUNX3 in an AOM/DSS-Induced Colitis Associated Colon Cancer. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020; 2020:9418520. [PMID: 32765634 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9418520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a major risk factor that increases the occurrence of colorectal cancer. In colorectal cancer due to colitis, intestinal inflammation plays an important role which causes DNA damage. The aim of this study is to investigate the anticancer effect of coelomic fluid of Eisenia fetida (CFEF) and cetuximab combinations. Colitis associated colon cancer was induced in BALB/c mice by DSS/AOM. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: group 1 received vehicle (control), groups 2–6 received DSS/AOM, groups 3–5 received cetuximab + CFEF (30, 60, or 120 mg/kgBW), and group 6 received CFEF only. After the 12th week of treatments, the colon tissues were removed for histological examination and immune-fluorescence. Intestinal Epithelial Cells (CECs) were analyzed by flow cytometer. Administration of CFEF significantly decreased the severity of DSS/AOM-induced CAC in a dose-dependent manner. The combinations of CFEF-cetuximab were revealed by histological change. The CFEF significantly reduced the severity scores (P < 0.05). The combinations of CFEF-cetuximab significantly inhibited K-Ras and vimentin expressions, whereas the percentage of RUNX3 significantly increased in CECs. The increasing of RUNX3 could prevent EMT, so that it can decrease K-Ras and vimentin to suppressed cell invasion and migration by CFEF. Our results suggest that CFEF has the therapeutic potential to CAC.
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Ramos I, Stamatakis K, Oeste CL, Pérez-Sala D. Vimentin as a Multifaceted Player and Potential Therapeutic Target in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4675. [PMID: 32630064 PMCID: PMC7370124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that plays key roles in integration of cytoskeletal functions, and therefore in basic cellular processes such as cell division and migration. Consequently, vimentin has complex implications in pathophysiology. Vimentin is required for a proper immune response, but it can also act as an autoantigen in autoimmune diseases or as a damage signal. Although vimentin is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein, it can also appear at extracellular locations, either in a secreted form or at the surface of numerous cell types, often in relation to cell activation, inflammation, injury or senescence. Cell surface targeting of vimentin appears to associate with the occurrence of certain posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation and/or oxidative damage. At the cell surface, vimentin can act as a receptor for bacterial and viral pathogens. Indeed, vimentin has been shown to play important roles in virus attachment and entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), dengue and encephalitis viruses, among others. Moreover, the presence of vimentin in specific virus-targeted cells and its induction by proinflammatory cytokines and tissue damage contribute to its implication in viral infection. Here, we recapitulate some of the pathophysiological implications of vimentin, including the involvement of cell surface vimentin in interaction with pathogens, with a special focus on its role as a cellular receptor or co-receptor for viruses. In addition, we provide a perspective on approaches to target vimentin, including antibodies or chemical agents that could modulate these interactions to potentially interfere with viral pathogenesis, which could be useful when multi-target antiviral strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos
- Department of Neurology and Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Konstantinos Stamatakis
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC. Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.S.); (C.L.O.)
| | - Clara L. Oeste
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC. Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (K.S.); (C.L.O.)
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Rianto F, Kuma A, Ellis CL, Hassounah F, Rodriguez EL, Wang XH, Sands JM, Klein JD. UT-A1/A3 knockout mice show reduced fibrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1160-F1166. [PMID: 32174141 PMCID: PMC7294340 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00008.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a major contributor to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. A low-protein diet can reduce the progression of chronic kidney disease and reduce the development of renal fibrosis, although the mechanism is not well understood. Urea reabsorption into the inner medulla is regulated by inner medullary urea transporter (UT)-A1 and UT-A3. Inhibition or knockout of UT-A1/A3 will reduce interstitial urea accumulation, which may be beneficial in reducing renal fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, the effect of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was compared in wild-type (WT) and UT-A1/A3 knockout mice. UUO causes increased extracellular matrix associated with increases in transforming growth factor-β, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In WT mice, UUO increased the abundance of three markers of fibrosis: transforming growth factor-β, vimentin, and α-SMA. In contrast, in UT-A1/A3 knockout mice, the increase following UUO was significantly reduced. Consistent with the Western blot results, immunohistochemical staining showed that the levels of vimentin and α-SMA were increased in WT mice with UUO and that the increase was reduced in UT-A1/A3 knockout mice with UUO. Masson's trichrome staining showed increased collagen in WT mice with UUO, which was reduced in UT-A1/A3 knockout mice with UUO. We conclude that reduced UT activity reduces the severity of renal fibrosis following UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitra Rianto
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Akihiro Kuma
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Carla L Ellis
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Faten Hassounah
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eva L Rodriguez
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaonan H Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hashish EA, Elgaml SA, El-Fattah A, Shalaby SI, Abdelaziz S. β-Amyrin supplementation ameliorates the toxic effect of glycerol in the kidney of rat model. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:930-937. [PMID: 32081053 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120907136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common life-threatening complication. In this study, β-amyrin is hypothesized to exert a potential nephroprotective effect against glycerol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal control, β-amyrin treated (50 mg kg-1 body weight) for 14 days, glycerol 25% (10 ml kg-1 BW volume/volume in sterile saline, intramuscular), and β-amyrin + glycerol-treated rats. Assessing kidney function was done through the measurement of serum urea and creatinine (SCr). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was done to measure the changes in the gap junction protein and intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. Renal tissue histopathology was also observed. Glycerol exhibited significant elevation in the SCr and urea with significant upregulation of connexin43, vimentin, and nestin. The levels of all disrupted parameters were improved by the pre-administration of β-amyrin. The β-amyrin exerts significant improvement of the biochemical parameters with a restoration of the renal tissue histopathological picture. Significant downregulation of the expression levels of the gap junction protein and IFPs mRNA was also seen. Collectively, the administration of β-amyrin showed a promising effect for a protection against glycerol-induced AKI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Hashish
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkyia, Egypt
| | - S A Elgaml
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkyia, Egypt
| | - Aha El-Fattah
- Department of Veterinary Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkyia, Egypt
| | - S I Shalaby
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkyia, Egypt
| | - S Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkyia, Egypt
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Wang K, Zu C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Huan X, Wang L. Blocking TG2 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through inhibiting EMT. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 276:103402. [PMID: 32006666 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is a central mechanism for the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, to identify the key target molecules regulating the EMT process is considered as an important direction for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been recently found to play an important role in the regulation of inflammation and the generation of extracellular matrix. Here, our study focuses on the roles of TG2 in pulmonary fibrosis and EMT. METHODS at first, the expression of TG2 and the EMT-related markers like E-cadherin, Vimentin, and α-SMA were detected with Western Blotting, immunohistochemistry and other methods in the mice with pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Further, MLE 12 cells were used to study the effects on EMT of the inhibition of TG2 in vitro. Finally, GK921, an inhibitor against TG2, was used to show its function in both prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice. RESULTS bleomycin succeeded to induce pulmonary fibrosis in mice, with increased TG2 expression, EMT and Akt activation. Knock-down of TG2 by siRNA technique in MLE 12 cell (a mouse alveolar epithelial cell line) and GK921 (an inhibitor of TG2) all inhibited the EMT process, however SC79, an activator of Akt rescued above inhibition. Finally, GK921 alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in mice induced by bleomycin. CONCLUSION Blocking TG2 reduces bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuihua Zu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Huan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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