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Song Z, Wang KW, Hagar HTC, Chen HR, Kuan CY, Zhang K, Kuo MH. Hyperphosphorylated Tau Inflicts Intracellular Stress Responses that Are Mitigated by Apomorphine. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2653-2671. [PMID: 37919601 PMCID: PMC11043184 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-binding protein tau in the brain is a key pathological marker for Alzheimer's disease and additional neurodegenerative tauopathies. However, how hyperphosphorylated tau causes cellular dysfunction or death that underlies neurodegeneration remains an unsolved question critical for the understanding of disease mechanism and the design of efficacious drugs. Using a recombinant hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) synthesized by the PIMAX approach, we examined how cells responded to the cytotoxic tau and explored means to enhance cellular resistance to tau attack. Upon p-tau uptake, the intracellular calcium levels rose promptly. Gene expression analyses revealed that p-tau potently triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), ER stress-associated apoptosis, and pro-inflammation in cells. Proteomics studies showed that p-tau diminished heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an ER stress-associated anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress regulator, while stimulated the accumulation of MIOS and other proteins. p-Tau-induced ER stress-associated apoptosis and pro-inflammation are ameliorated by apomorphine, a brain-permeable prescription drug widely used to treat Parkinson's disease symptoms, and by overexpression of HO-1. Our results reveal probable cellular functions targeted by hyperphosphorylated tau. Some of these dysfunctions and stress responses have been linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. The observations that the ill effects of p-tau can be mitigated by a small compound and by overexpressing HO-1 that is otherwise diminished in the treated cells inform new directions of Alzheimer's disease drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Song
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kuang-Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hsiao-Tien Chien Hagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hong-Ru Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Present address: Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, 112304
| | - Chia-Yi Kuan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Min-Hao Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Peng Y, Chen Q, Xue YH, Jin H, Liu S, Du MQ, Yao SY. Ginkgo biloba and Its Chemical Components in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Chin Med 2024:1-42. [PMID: 38654507 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, remains unclear. The main manifestations of AD include cognitive and behavioral disorders, neuropsychiatric symptoms, neuroinflammation, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. However, current drugs for AD once the dementia stage has been reached only treat symptoms and do not delay progression, and the research and development of targeted drugs for AD have reached a bottleneck. Thus, other treatment options are needed. Bioactive ingredients derived from plants are promising therapeutic agents. Specifically, Ginkgo biloba (Gb) extracts exert anti-oxidant, anticancer, neuroplastic, neurotransmitter-modulating, blood fluidity, and anti-inflammatory effects, offering alternative options in the treatment of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. The main chemical components of Gb include flavonoids, terpene lactones, proanthocyanidins, organic acids, polysaccharides, and amino acids. Gb and its extracts have shown remarkable therapeutic effects on various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, with few adverse reactions. Thus, high-quality Gb extracts are a well-established treatment option for AD. In this review, we summarize the insights derived from traditional Chinese medicine, experimental models, and emerging clinical trials on the role of Gb and its chemical components in the treatment of the main clinical manifestations of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Xue
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Qiao Du
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional, Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
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Dar NJ, John U, Bano N, Khan S, Bhat SA. Oxytosis/Ferroptosis in Neurodegeneration: the Underlying Role of Master Regulator Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1507-1526. [PMID: 37725216 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxytosis/ferroptosis is an iron-dependent oxidative form of cell death triggered by lethal accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOHs) in membranes. Failure of the intricate PLOOH repair system is a principle cause of ferroptotic cell death. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is distinctly vital for converting PLOOHs in membranes to non-toxic alcohols. As such, GPX4 is known as the master regulator of oxytosis/ferroptosis. Ferroptosis has been implicated in a number of disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), etc.), ischemia/reperfusion injury, and kidney degeneration. Reduced function of GPX4 is frequently observed in degenerative disorders. In this study, we examine how diminished GPX4 function may be a critical event in triggering oxytosis/ferroptosis to perpetuate or initiate the neurodegenerative diseases and assess the possible therapeutic importance of oxytosis/ferroptosis in neurodegenerative disorders. These discoveries are important for advancing our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases because oxytosis/ferroptosis may provide a new target to slow the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawab John Dar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Urmilla John
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
- School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nargis Bano
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India
| | - Sameera Khan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ali Bhat
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India.
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Alla N, Palatheeya S, Challa SR, Kakarla R. Tangeretin confers neuroprotection, cognitive and memory enhancement in global cerebral ischemia in rats. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:9. [PMID: 38074289 PMCID: PMC10709536 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia is commonly associated with neurological deficits, including cognitive and memory impairments. The present study aims to investigate the neuroprotective, cognitive, and memory enhancement effects of Tangeretin, a flavonoid against global cerebral ischemia in rats. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and reperfusion injury method was used to induce global cerebral ischemia in rats. Motor, cognitive, and memory functions were evaluated using rotarod, grip strength, Y-maze, and Morris water maze. Further, acetylcholine esterase (AchE) enzyme activity, acetylcholine (Ach), oxidative stress markers (ROS, SOD, MDA, and CAT), inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α), and apoptotic markers (cytochrome C, caspase 9, and caspase 3) in BCCAO rats were measured following Tangeretin (5,10, and 20 mg/kg, oral) treatment. Our findings show that Tangeretin treatment significantly improved cognition and memory by enhancing Ach levels through the amelioration of AchE enzyme activity in BCCAO rats. Moreover, Tangeretin exhibited neuroprotective effects through the mitigation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the BCCAO rats. In summary, the current findings suggested that Tangeretin exhibited neuroprotection, cognitive and memory enhancement against global cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanarao Alla
- Department of Pharmacy, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh India
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Sujatha Palatheeya
- Department of Pharmacy, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh India
- Department of Pharmacy, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar, 509001 India
| | - Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Pharmacy, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh India
- Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520010 India
| | - Ramakrishna Kakarla
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh India
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Tang J, Yousaf M, Wu YP, Li QQ, Xu YQ, Liu DM. Mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides in the intervention of Alzheimer's disease: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127553. [PMID: 37865357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease. Despite several decades of research, the development of effective treatments and responses for Alzheimer's disease remains elusive. The utilization of polysaccharides for Alzheimer's disease became more popular due to their beneficial characteristics, notably their multi-target activity and low toxicity. This review mainly focuses on the researches of recent 5 years in the regulation of AD by naturally derived polysaccharides, systematically lists the possible intervention pathways of polysaccharides from different mechanisms, and explores the structure-activity relationship between polysaccharide structural activities, so as to provide references for the intervention and treatment of AD by polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin-Qin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Qian Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
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Nayab DE, Din FU, Ali H, Kausar WA, Urooj S, Zafar M, Khan I, Shabbir K, Khan GM. Nano biomaterials based strategies for enhanced brain targeting in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: an up-to-date perspective. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:477. [PMID: 38087359 PMCID: PMC10716964 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons and their connecting axons gradually degenerate in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), leading to dysfunctionality of the neuronal cells and eventually their death. Drug delivery for the treatment of effected nervous system is notoriously complicated because of the presence of natural barriers, i.e., the blood-brain barrier and the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Palliative care is currently the standard care for many diseases. Therefore, treatment programs that target the disease's origin rather than its symptoms are recommended. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery platforms offer an innovative way to circumvent these obstacles and deliver medications directly to the central nervous system, thereby enabling treatment of several common neurological problems, i.e., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Interestingly, the combination of nanomedicine and gene therapy enables targeting of selective mutant genes responsible for the progression of NDs, which may provide a much-needed boost in the struggle against these diseases. Herein, we discussed various central nervous system delivery obstacles, followed by a detailed insight into the recently developed techniques to restore neurological function via the differentiation of neural stem cells. Moreover, a comprehensive background on the role of nanomedicine in controlling neurogenesis via differentiation of neural stem cells is explained. Additionally, numerous phytoconstituents with their neuroprotective properties and molecular targets in the identification and management of NDs are also deliberated. Furthermore, a detailed insight of the ongoing clinical trials and currently marketed products for the treatment of NDs is provided in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dur E Nayab
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Warda Arooj Kausar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shaiza Urooj
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Zafar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid- i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Han C, Wang J, Chen YL, Guan CP, Zhang YA, Wang MS. The role of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin administration on the risk of dementia in bladder cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1243588. [PMID: 37693645 PMCID: PMC10484104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1243588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous cohort studies have found an association between Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) administration and incident dementia. In the systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to summarize the current evidence of the effect of BCG use on the risk of developing dementia. Methods We searched six databases until 20 May 2023 for studies investigating the risk of dementia and BCG administration. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled in the meta-analysis. Meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analysis were conducted as well. Results Of the 4,043 records initially evaluated, five articles were included for final analysis, with a total of 45,407 bladder cancer (BC) patients. All five studies were evaluated and rated as with high quality, and a low possibility of publication bias was indicated. A significant association between BCG and the incidence of dementia in BC patients was found in all five studies. Although a high heterogeneity (I2 = 84.5%, p < 0.001) was observed, the pooled HR was 0.55 (0.42-0.73), indicating that BCG exposure or treatment reduced the risk of incident dementia by 45%. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis showed good robustness of the overall effect with no serious publication bias. Conclusion BCG administration is associated with a significantly lower risk of developing dementia. However, an epidemiological cohort is needed to establish a relationship between BCG use and incident dementia in the normal population. Once the relationship is confirmed, more people may benefit from the association. Systematic review registration identifier: CRD42023428317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Outpatient, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Li Chen
- Department of Lab Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Cui-Ping Guan
- Department of Lab Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-An Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mao-Shui Wang
- Department of Lab Medicine, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, China
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Bavarsad NH, Bagheri S, Kourosh-Arami M, Komaki A. Aromatherapy for the brain: Lavender's healing effect on epilepsy, depression, anxiety, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease: A review article. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18492. [PMID: 37554839 PMCID: PMC10404968 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases affect the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles. Herbal medicine has long been used to cure these diseases. One of these plants is lavender, which is composed of various compounds, including terpenes, such as linalool, limonene, triterpenes, linalyl acetate, alcohols, ketones, polyphenols, coumarins, cineole, and flavonoids. In this review, the literature was searched using scientific search engines and databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed) for papers published between 1982 and 2020 via keywords, including review, lavender, and neurological disorders. This plant exerts its healing effect on many diseases, such as anxiety and depression through an inhibitory effect on GABA. The anti-inflammatory effects of this plant have also been documented. It improves depression by regulating glutamate receptors and inhibiting calcium channels and serotonergic factors, such as SERT. Its antiepileptic mechanism is due to an increase in the inhibitory effect of GABA and potassium current and a decrease in sodium current. Therefore, many vegetable oils are also used in herbal medicine. In this review, the healing effect of lavender on several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, depression, anxiety, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease was investigated. All findings strongly support the traditional uses of lavender. More clinical studies are needed to investigate the effect of the plants' pharmacological active constituents on the treatment of life-threatening diseases in humans. The limitations of this study are the low quality and the limited number of clinical studies. Different administration methods of lavender are one of the limitations of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Hatami Bavarsad
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shokufeh Bagheri
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Wei W, Yao JX, Zhang TT, Wen JY, Zhang Z, Luo YM, Cao Y, Li H. Network pharmacology reveals that Berberine may function against Alzheimer's disease via the AKT signaling pathway. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1059496. [PMID: 37214397 PMCID: PMC10192713 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1059496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of berberine (BBR) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods 3 × Tg AD mice were treated with BBR for 3 months, then the open field test (OFT), the novel object recognition test (NOR) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test were performed to assess behavioral performance. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining were used to examine histopathological changes. The pharmacological and molecular properties of BBR were obtained from the TCMSP database. BBR-associated AD targets were identified using the PharmMapper (PM), the comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD), DisGeNet and the human gene database (GeneCards). Core networks and BBR targets for the treatment of AD were identified using PPI network and functional enrichment analyses. AutoDock software was used to model the interaction between BBR and potential targets. Finally, RT-qPCR, western blotting were used to validate the expression of core targets. Results Behavioral experiments, HE staining and Nissl staining have shown that BBR can improve memory task performance and neuronal damage in the hippocampus of AD mice. 117 BBR-associated targets for the treatment of AD were identified, and 43 genes were used for downstream functional enrichment analysis in combination with the results of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. 2,230 biological processes (BP) terms, 67 cell components (CC) terms, 243 molecular function (MF) terms and 118 KEGG terms were identified. ALB, EGFR, CASP3 and five targets in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway including AKT1, HSP90AA1, SRC, HRAS, IGF1 were selected by PPI network analysis, validated by molecular docking analysis and RT-q PCR as core targets for further analysis. Akt1 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in AD mice and significantly increased after BBR treatment (p < 0.05). Besides, AKT and ERK phosphorylation decreased in the model group, and BBR significantly increased their phosphorylation levels. Conclusion AKT1, HSP90AA1, SRC, HRAS, IGF1 and ALB, EGFR, CASP3 were core targets of BBR in the treatment of AD. BBR may exert a neuroprotective effect by modulating the ERK and AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-xiu Yao
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-ting Zhang
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-yu Wen
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-miao Luo
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Chhabra S, Mehan S. Matrine exerts its neuroprotective effects by modulating multiple neuronal pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1471-1499. [PMID: 37103719 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that misfolding, clumping, and accumulation of proteins in the brain may be common causes and pathogenic mechanism for several neurological illnesses. This causes neuronal structural deterioration and disruption of neural circuits. Research from various fields supports this idea, indicating that developing a single treatment for several severe conditions might be possible. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants play an essential part in maintaining the brain's chemical equilibrium by affecting the proximity of neurons. Matrine is a tetracyclo-quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the plant Sophora flavescens Aiton. Matrine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and various other neurological disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated that matrine protects neurons by altering multiple signalling pathways and crossing the blood-brain barrier. As a result, matrine may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of a variety of neurocomplications. This work aims to serve as a foundation for future clinical research by reviewing the current state of matrine as a neuroprotective agent and its potential therapeutic application in treating neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Future research will answer many concerns and lead to fascinating discoveries that could impact other aspects of matrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Thoithoisana Devi S, Devika Chanu K, Singh NB, Chaudhary SK, Keithellakpam OS, Singh KB, Mukherjee PK, Sharma N. Chemical Profiling and Therapeutic Evaluation of Standardized Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Terminalia chebula Fruits Collected from Different Locations in Manipur against Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072901. [PMID: 37049666 PMCID: PMC10096451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula Retz. (Fam. Combretaceae), locally called Manahei, is a well-known medicinal plant that grows wildly in Manipur, a Northeastern state of India. It is used as a mild laxative, an anti-inflammatory agent, and a remedy for piles, colds, and ulcers by ethnic communities of the state. The hydroalcoholic extract obtained from four fruit samples of T. chebula collected from different locations in Manipur were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for their chemical constituents and evaluated for their anticancer activity against the colon cancer cell HCT 116. GC-MS analysis results indicated significant variation in the composition and percentage of major compounds present in the extracts. 1,2,3-Benzenetriol was the most abundant chemical constituent present in all four extracts of T. chebula, ranging from 20.95 to 43.56%. 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and catechol were commonly present in all extracts. Two marker compounds, gallic acid and ellagic acid, were also quantified usingHPTLC in all four extracts of T. chebula. The highest content of gallic acid (22.44 ± 0.056 µg/mg of dried extract) was observed in TCH, and that of ellagic acidwas found in TYH (11.265 ± 0.089 µg/mg of dried extract). The IC50 value of TYH for the DPPH and ABTS assays (12.16 ± 0.42 and 7.80 ± 0.23 µg/mL) was found to be even lower than that of Trolox (18 ± 0.44 and 10.15 ± 0.24 µg/mL), indicating its strong antioxidant properties among the four extracts of T. chebula. The MTT assay determined the effect of T. chebula extracts on the viability of HCT 116 cells. TYH showed the highest activity with anIC50 value of 52.42 ± 0.87 µg/mL, while the lowest activity was observed in TCH (172.05 ± 2.0 µg/mL). The LDH assay confirmed the cytotoxic effect of TYH in HCT 116 cells. TYH was also found to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCT 116 cells after 48 h of treatment. Our study provides insight into the diversity of T. chebula in Manipur and its potential activity against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soibam Thoithoisana Devi
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
- Department of Zoology, Manipur University (MU), Imphal 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Khaidem Devika Chanu
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneshwar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Nameirakpam Bunindro Singh
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Chaudhary
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Ojit Singh Keithellakpam
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | | | - Pulok K. Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An Autonomous Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Goverment of India), Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8974622314
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Kandeel M, Morsy MA, Abd El-Lateef HM, Marzok M, El-Beltagi HS, Al Khodair KM, Albokhadaim I, Venugopala KN. Cognitive- and memory-enhancing effects of Augmentin in Alzheimer’s rats through regulation of gene expression and neuronal cell apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1154607. [PMID: 36969860 PMCID: PMC10033694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1154607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia among older persons. This study looked at how Augmentin affected behavior, gene expression, and apoptosis in rats in which AD had been induced by scopolamine.Methods: The rats were divided into five groups: control, sham, memantine, Augmentin, and pre-Augmentin (the last group received Augmentin before scopolamine administration and was treated with memantine). A Morris water maze was utilized to measure spatial memory in the animals, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry were employed to analyze gene expression and neuronal cell apoptosis, respectively.Results: Memantine and Augmentin increased spatial memory in healthy rats. The use of scopolamine impaired spatial memory. Both Augmentin and memantine improved spatial memory in AD rats, particularly in the group that received memantine; however, the outcomes were more substantial when Augmentin was administered before scopolamine was given to induce AD. Furthermore, the expression of presenilin-2 (PSEN2) and inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (ITPKB) increased, whereas the expression of DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5) fell in the AD-treated groups; however, the results were more substantial after combination therapy. According to flow cytometry studies, Augmentin pre-treatment reduced apoptosis in AD rats.Discussion: The results showed that administering Augmentin to AD rats before memantine improved their spatial memory, reduced neuronal cell death, upregulated protective genes, and suppressed genes involved in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mahmoud Kandeel,
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Marzok
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khalid M. Al Khodair
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Albokhadaim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Acero N, Ortega T, Villagrasa V, Leon G, Muñoz-Mingarro D, Castillo E, González-Rosende ME, Borrás S, Rios JL, Bosch-Morell F, Martínez-Solís I. Phytotherapeutic alternatives for neurodegenerative dementias: Scientific review, discussion and therapeutic proposal. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1176-1211. [PMID: 36690605 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative dementias have been increasing. There is no curative therapy and conventional drug treatment can cause problems for patients. Medicinal plants traditionally used for problems associated with ageing are emerging as a therapeutic resource. The main aim is to give a proposal for use and future research based on scientific knowledge and tradition. A literature search was conducted in several searchable databases. The keywords used were related to neurodegenerative dementias, ageing and medicinal plants. Boolean operators and filters were used to focus the search. As a result, there is current clinical and preclinical scientific information on 49 species used in traditional medicine for ageing-related problems, including neurodegenerative dementias. There are preclinical and clinical scientific evidences on their properties against protein aggregates in the central nervous system and their effects on neuroinflammation, apoptosis dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, gabaergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems alterations, monoamine oxidase alterations, serotonin depletion and oestrogenic protection. In conclusion, the potential therapeutic effect of the different medicinal plants depends on the type of neurodegenerative dementia and its stage of development, but more clinical and preclinical research is needed to find better, safer and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Acero
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Pharmacy Faculty, San Pablo-CEU University, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Ortega
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Villagrasa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Leon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Muñoz-Mingarro
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty, San Pablo-CEU University, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarna Castillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Eugenia González-Rosende
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Borrás
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rios
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bosch-Morell
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez-Solís
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.,ICBiBE-Botanical Garden, University of Valencia, Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Zhou X, Tang X, Li T, Li D, Gong Z, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zhang B. Inhibition of VDAC1 Rescues Aβ (1-42)-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ferroptosis via Activation of AMPK and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:6739691. [PMID: 36816741 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6739691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in neurons. Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is a major protein in the mitochondrial outer membrane. It has been reported that VDAC1 associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis. However, the mechanism by which VDAC1 regulates mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis of neurons in AD remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the mechanism of action of VDAC1 in mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in neurons of the AD model. In this study, we determined cell viability after treatment with Aβ 1-42 via the MTT assay. The SOD, MDA, ROS, and MMP production was measured via the SOD kit, MDA kit, DCFDA staining, and JC-1 staining. The memory abilities of mice were detected via the Morris water maze test. The expression of AMPK/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and GPX4 regulated by VDAC1 was detected via western blotting. Our present study showed that PC12 cells had decreased cell viability, increased LDH release, and decreased GPX4 expression after Aβ 1-42 treatment. Meanwhile, Aβ 1-42 induced MMP and SOD downregulation and increased MDA and ROS generation in PC12 cells. In addition, the expression of VDAC1 is increased in the brain tissue of AD mice and Aβ 1-42-treated PC12 cells. Further investigation of the role of VDAC1 in regulating AD found that all effects induced by Aβ 1-42 were reversed by inhibition of VDAC1. Additionally, inhibition of VDAC1 activates the AMPK/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that inhibition of VDAC1 alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in AD neurons by activating AMPK/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin.
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15
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Zhang P, Wang T, Zhu X, Feng L, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang X, Cui T, Li M. Jiedu Yizhi Formula Improves Cognitive Function by Regulating the Gut Dysbiosis and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:49-62. [PMID: 36627886 PMCID: PMC9826640 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s393773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of JDYZF in treating AD from the perspective of inflammation and intestinal microflora. METHODS A total of 24 APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into four groups: model (n = 6), JDYZF low-dose (n = 6), JDYZF high-dose (n = 6), and positive drug (n = 6), six C57 mice were used as the control group. The body weights and diets of all mice were examined daily. After 8 weeks of administration, the learning and memory of mice were evaluated by the Morris water maze test. The histopathological changes of hippocampus, liver and kidney in mice were observed by HE staining after being euthanized. The expression of p-tau in hippocampus tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. After that, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to investigate the relationship between JDYZF and intestinal microbiota. Finally, a comparison of TLR4, p65, p-p65, iκB, p-iκB, and IL-1β protein expression in the hippocampus tissue of mice in each group was measured by Western blot. RESULTS The results showed that APP/PS1 mice taking JDYZF orally were generally in good condition. Compared with the control group, JDYZF significantly improved learning and memory ability in ethology. Histology showed that JDYZF improved the hippocampal structure of mice and inhibited the deposition of p-tau. JDYZF treatment could regulate the gut microbiota of APP/PS1 mice by increasing the richness of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Actinobacteria and reducing that of Alistipes and Muribaculaceae. It also significantly inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the brain. In addition, no obvious toxic reactions were found in the liver and kidney of APP/PS1 mice after taking JDYZF for 8 weeks. CONCLUSION The findings revealed that JDYZF improved cognitive ability and alleviated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in APP/PS1 mice, and the modulating the gut microbiota presented here may help illuminate its activation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianye Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Zhu
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiale Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqiang Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingquan Li
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Mingquan Li, Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15543120222, Email
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Khleifat KM, Al-Tawarah NM, Al-Kafaween MA, Al-Ksasbeh W, Qaralleh H, Alqaraleh M, Al-Hamaideh KD, Al-Saraireh YM, AlSarayreh A, Al Qaisi Y, Mohd Hilmi AB. Memory Enhancing and Neurogenesis Activity of Honey Bee Venom in the Symptoms of Amnesia: Using Rats with Amnesia-like Alzheimer's Disease as a Model. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:190-201. [PMID: 37317907 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230614143027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by amnesia that affects millions of people worldwide. This study aims to explore the effectiveness capacities of bee venom (BV) for the enhancement of the memory process in a rat model with amnesia-like AD. METHODS The study protocol contains two successive phases, nootropic and therapeutic, in which two BV doses (D1; 0.25 and D2: 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) were used. In the nootropic phase, treatment groups were compared statistically with a normal group. Meanwhile, in the therapeutic phase, BV was administered to scopolamine (1mg/kg) to induce amnesia-like AD in a rat model in which therapeutic groups were compared with a positive group (donepezil; 1mg/kg i.p.). Behavioral analysis was performed after each phase by Working Memory (WM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM) assessments using radial arm maze (RAM) and passive avoidance tests (PAT). Neurogenic factors; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Doublecortin (DCX) were measured in plasma using ELISA and Immunohistochemistry analysis of hippocampal tissues, respectively. RESULTS During the nootropic phase, treatment groups demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in RAM latency times, spatial WM errors, and spatial reference errors compared with the normal group. In addition, the PA test revealed a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of LTM after 72 hours in both treatment groups; D1 and D2. In the therapeutic phase, treatment groups reflected a significant (P < 0.05) potent enhancement in the memory process compared with the positive group; less spatial WM errors, spatial reference errors, and latency time during the RAM test, and more latency time after 72 hours in the light room. Moreover, results presented a marked increase in the plasma level of BDNF, as well as increased hippocampal DCX-positive data in the sub-granular zone within the D1 and D2 groups compared with the negative group (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION This study revealed that injecting BV enhances and increases the performance of both WM and LTM. Conclusively, BV has a potential nootropic and therapeutic activity that enhances hippocampal growth and plasticity, which in turn improves WM and LTM. Given that this research was conducted using scopolamine-induced amnesia-like AD in rats, it suggests that BV has a potential therapeutic activity for the enhancement of memory in AD patients in a dose-dependent manner but further investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Khleifat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Nafe M Al-Tawarah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Al-Kafaween
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - We'am Al-Ksasbeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Haitham Qaralleh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Moath Alqaraleh
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khawla D Al-Hamaideh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Yousef M Al-Saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Ahmad AlSarayreh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Yaseen Al Qaisi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Abu Bakar Mohd Hilmi
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Jiang WR, Wu W, Yang LJ, Yang W, Tian Q, Yao ZH. Alteration of Cognitive Function in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Mice Is Related to Dysfunction of the Neuroimmune System. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:815-839. [PMID: 37334607 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging have aging-related cognitive dysfunction with a high incidence. These neurological diseases cause serious cognitive problems in patients' daily life. But the cognitive dysfunction mechanism in-depth of aging is far less known than that of AD. OBJECTIVE To reveal the different mechanisms of AD and aging-related cognitive dysfunction, we compared the mechanisms of aging and AD through analysis of differentially expressed genes. METHODS Mice were divided into four groups (3-month C57BL, 16-month C57BL, 3-month 3xTg AD mice, and 16-month 3xTg AD mice) according to genotype and age. The Morris water maze was employed to investigate the spatial cognition of mice. Differential expressions of genes of AD and aging were analyzed through RNA sequencing and GO, KEGG, Reactome analysis, and the dynamic change trend analysis. Microglia was stained with immunofluorescence and its numbers were counted for analysis. RESULTS The cognitive function of elderly mice were worse through testing with the Morris water maze. The cognitive function of 16-month 3xTg AD mice were worse than 16-month C57BL mice. The alteration tendencies of DE genes were uncovered, and microglia numbers increased during aging and AD progression through immunofluorescence. CONCLUSION These results suggest that immune-related pathways might play a critical role in aging and AD-related cognitive dysfunction. Our research will help to provide some new potential targets for treating cognitive dysfunction in aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Rong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jie Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanzhexi Yang
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Necroptosis is a type of precisely regulated necrotic cell death activated in caspase-deficient conditions. Multiple factors initiate the necroptotic signaling pathway, including toll-like receptor 3/4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), dsRNA viruses, and T cell receptors. Presently, TNF-induced necroptosis via the phosphorylation of three key proteins, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, is the best-characterized process. Necroptosis induced by Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP-1) and toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (TRIF) plays a significant role in infectious diseases, such as influenza A virus, Zika virus, and herpesvirus infection. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the close association of necroptosis with multiple diseases, and disrupting necroptosis has been confirmed to be effective for treating (or managing) these diseases. The central nervous system (CNS) exhibits unique physiological structures and immune characteristics. Necroptosis may occur without the sequential activation of signal proteins, and the necroptosis of supporting cells has more important implications in disease development. Additionally, necroptotic signals can be activated in the absence of necroptosis. Here, we summarize the role of necroptosis and its signal proteins in CNS diseases and characterize typical necroptosis regulators to provide a basis for the further development of therapeutic strategies for treating such diseases. In the present review, relevant information has been consolidated from recent studies (from 2010 until the present), excluding the patents in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ting Han
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Jiang Y, Lin Y, Tan Y, Shen X, Liao M, Wang H, Lu N, Han F, Xu N, Tang C, Song J, Tao R. Electroacupuncture ameliorates cerebrovascular impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice via melatonin signaling. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:917-931. [PMID: 36382345 PMCID: PMC9928543 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cerebrovascular impairment contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it still lacks effective intervention in clinical practice. Here, we investigated the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in cerebrovascular repair in 3xTg-AD mice and its mechanism. METHODS 3xTg-AD mice were employed to evaluate the protective effect of EA at ST36 acupoint (EAST36). Behavioral tests were performed to assess neurological disorders. Laser speckle contrast imaging, immunostaining, and Western blot were applied to determine EAST36-boosted cerebrovascular repair. The mechanism was explored in 3xTg mice and endothelial cell cultures by melatonin signaling modulation. RESULTS EAST36 at 20/100 Hz effectively alleviated the olfactory impairment and anxiety behavior and boosted cerebrovascular repair in AD mice. EAST36 attenuated cerebral microvascular degeneration in AD mice by modulating endothelial cell viability and injury. Consequently, the Aβ deposits and neural damage in AD mice were reversed after EAST36. Mechanistically, we revealed that EAST36 restored melatonin levels in AD mice. Melatonin supplement mimicked the EAST36 effect on cerebrovascular protection in AD mice and endothelial cell cultures. Importantly, blockage of melatonin signaling by antagonist blunted EAST36-induced cerebrovascular recovery and subsequent neurological improvement. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided strong evidence to support EAST36 as a potential nonpharmacological therapy against cerebrovascular impairment in AD. Further study is necessary to better understand how EAST36 treatment drives melatonin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Jiang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunshi Lin
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuhang Tan
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinkai Shen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Meihua Liao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyDalian UniversityDalianChina
| | - Nannan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Juxian Song
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Rongrong Tao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and MoxibustionGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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20
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Paramanick D, Singh VD, Singh VK. Neuroprotective effect of phytoconstituents via nanotechnology for treatment of Alzheimer diseases. J Control Release 2022; 351:638-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Qin Y, Chen F, Tang Z, Ren H, Wang Q, Shen N, Lin W, Xiao Y, Yuan M, Chen H, Bu T, Li Q, Huang L. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort as a medicinal and edible plant foods: Antioxidant, anti-aging and neuroprotective properties in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1049890. [PMID: 36386171 PMCID: PMC9643709 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1049890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (CX) is a medicinal and edible plant including a variety of active substances, which may be an available resource for the treatment of related diseases. To expand the medicinal uses of CX, this study aims to explore the antioxidant, anti-aging and neuroprotective effects of the Ligusticum chuanxiong leaves (CXL) and rhizome (CXR) extracts. We first characterize CX phytochemical spectrum by LC-MS as well as antioxidant capacity. Acute toxicity, anti-oxidative stress capacity, lifespan and healthspan was evaluated in C elegans N2. Neuroprotective effect was evaluated in vitro and in vivo (C elegans CL4176 and CL2355). In this study, we detected 74 and 78 compounds from CXR and CXL, respectively, including phthalides, alkaloids, organic acids, terpenes, polyphenols and others. Furthermore, we found that CXs not only protect against oxidative stress, but also prolong the lifespan, alleviate lipofuscin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and improve movement level, antioxidant enzyme activity in C elegans N2. However, only CXR reduced the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ)-induced paralysis phenotype in CL4176s and alleviated chemosensory behavior dysfunction in CL2355s. In addition, CXR treatment reduced the production of Aβ and ROS, enhanced SOD activity in CL4176s. The possible mechanism of anti-aging of CXL and CXR is to promote the expression of related antioxidant pathway genes, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduce the accumulation of ROS, which is dependent on DAF-16 and HSF-1 (only in CXR). CXR was able to activate antioxidase-related (sod-3 and sod-5) and heat shock protein genes (hsp-16.1 and hsp-70) expression, consequently ameliorating proteotoxicity related to Aβ aggregation. In summary, these findings demonstrate the antioxidant, anti-aging and neuroprotective (only in CXR) activities of the CX, which provide an important pharmacological basis for developing functional foods and drugs to relieve the symptoms of aging and AD. However, the material basis of neuroprotective activity and antiaging effects need to be elucidated, and the relationship between these activities should also be clarified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China,*Correspondence: Zizhong Tang,
| | - Hongjiao Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Nayu Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Wenjie Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yirong Xiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University Hospital, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
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22
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Rhaman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Mim M, Noor alam M, Nepovimova E, Valis M, Kuca K, Sharma R. Exploring the role of nanomedicines for the therapeutic approach of central nervous system dysfunction: At a glance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:989471. [PMID: 36120565 PMCID: PMC9478743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.989471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, research scientists, molecular biologists, and pharmacologists have placed a strong emphasis on cutting-edge nanostructured materials technologies to increase medicine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The application of nanoscience for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington’s disease (HD), brain cancer, and hemorrhage has the potential to transform care. Multiple studies have indicated that nanomaterials can be used to successfully treat CNS disorders in the case of neurodegeneration. Nanomedicine development for the cure of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system is critical. Nanoparticles may act as a drug transporter that can precisely target sick brain sub-regions, boosting therapy success. It is important to develop strategies that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and improve the effectiveness of medications. One of the probable tactics is the use of different nanoscale materials. These nano-based pharmaceuticals offer low toxicity, tailored delivery, high stability, and drug loading capacity. They may also increase therapeutic effectiveness. A few examples of the many different kinds and forms of nanomaterials that have been widely employed to treat neurological diseases include quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and micelles. These unique qualities, including sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to traverse the BBB when employed in nano-sized particles, make these nanoparticles useful for imaging studies and treatment of NDs. Multifunctional nanoparticles carrying pharmacological medications serve two purposes: they improve medication distribution while also enabling cell dynamics imaging and pharmacokinetic study. However, because of the potential for wide-ranging clinical implications, safety concerns persist, limiting any potential for translation. The evidence for using nanotechnology to create drug delivery systems that could pass across the BBB and deliver therapeutic chemicals to CNS was examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rhaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mobasharah Mim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Noor alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
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Li J, Zou B, Cheng XY, Yang XH, Li J, Zhao CH, Ma RX, Tian JX, Yao Y. Therapeutic effects of total saikosaponins from Radix bupleuri against Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940999. [PMID: 35935875 PMCID: PMC9351603 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly, with amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein as the main pathological feature. Nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that primarily exists in the cytosol of hippocampal neurons, and it is considered as an important regulator of autophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Total saikosaponins (TS) is the main bioactive component of Radix bupleuri (Chaihu). In this study, it was found that TS could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and reduce Aβ generation and senile plaque deposition via activating Nrf2 and downregulating the expression of β-secretase 1 (BACE1). In addition, TS can enhance autophagy by promoting the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II, increasing the degradation of p62 and NDP52 and the clearance of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and reducing the expression of p-tau. It can also downregulate the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to inhibit the activation of glial cells and reduce the release of inflammatory factors. In vitro experiments using PC12 cells induced by Aβ, TS could significantly inhibit the aggregation of Aβ and reduce cytotoxicity. It was found that Nrf2 knock-out weakened the inhibitory effect of TS on BACE1 and NF-κB transcription in PC12 cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of TS on BACE1 transcription was achieved by promoting the binding of Nrf2 and the promoter of BACE1 ARE1. Results showed that TS downregulated the expression of BACE1 and NF-κB through Nrf2, thereby reducing the generation of Aβ and inhibiting neuroinflammation. Furthermore, TS can ameliorate synaptic loss and alleviate oxidative stress. In gut microbiota analysis, dysbiosis was demonstrated in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, indicating a potential link between gut microbiota and AD. Furthermore, TS treatment reverses the gut microbiota disorder in APP/PS1 mice, suggesting a therapeutic strategy by remodeling the gut microbe. Collectively, these data shows that TS may serve as a potential approach for AD treatment. Further investigation is needed to clarify the detailed mechanisms underlying TS regulating gut microbiota and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Characteristic Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin-He Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Xia Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yao Yao, ; Ji-Xiang Tian,
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yao Yao, ; Ji-Xiang Tian,
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24
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Chen F, Liu Q. Demystifying phytoconstituent-derived nanomedicines in their immunoregulatory and therapeutic roles in inflammatory diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114317. [PMID: 35533788 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, phytoconstituents have appeared as critical mediators for immune regulations among various diseases, both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. These bioactive molecules, showing a broad range of biological functions, would hold tremendous promise for developing new therapeutics. The discovery of phytoconstituents' capability of functionally regulating immune cells and associating cytokines, suppressing systemic inflammation, and remodeling immunity have rapidly promoted the idea of their employment as anti-inflammatory agents. In this review, we discuss various roles of phyto-derived medicines in the field of inflammatory diseases, including chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and acute inflammatory disease such as COVID-19. Nevertheless, traditional phyto-derived medicines often concurred with their clinical administration limitations, such as their lack of cell specificity, inefficient cytoplasmic delivery, and rapid clearance by the immune system. As alternatives, phyto-derived nano-approaches may provide significant benefits. Both unmodified and engineered nanocarriers present the potential to serve as phytoconstituent delivery systems to improve therapeutic physio-chemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles. Thus, the development of phytoconstituents' nano-delivery designs, their new and perspective approaches for therapeutical applications are elaborated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqian Chen
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, Suite 216, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States.
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25
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Zhang K, Jiang Y, Wang B, Li T, Shang D, Zhang X. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: A Potential Treatment Targeting Pathological Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:4645021. [PMID: 35757508 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4645021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes up a large proportion of acute brain injuries and is a major cause of disability globally. Its complicated etiology and pathogenesis mainly include primary injury and secondary injury over time, which can cause cognitive deficits, physical disabilities, mood changes, and impaired verbal communication. Recently, mesenchymal stromal cell- (MSC-) based therapy has shown significant therapeutic potential to target TBI-induced pathological processes, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the main pathological processes of TBI and summarize the underlying mechanisms of MSC-based TBI treatment. We also discuss research progress in the field of MSC therapy in TBI as well as major shortcomings and the great potential shown.
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26
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Li Q, Rubin L, Silva M, Li S, Yang C, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. Current Progress on Neuroprotection Induced by Artemisia, Ginseng, Astragalus, and Ginkgo Traditional Chinese Medicines for the Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:3777021. [PMID: 35746960 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3777021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the occurrence of diverse degenerative changes in various tissues and organs and with an increased incidence of neurological disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, the search for effective components derived from medicinal plants in delaying aging and preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases has been increasing and the number of related publications shows a rising trend. Here, we present a concise, updated review on the preclinical and clinical research progress in the assessment of the therapeutic potential of different traditional Chinese medicines and derived active ingredients and their effect on the signaling pathways involved in AD neuroprotection. Recognized by their multitargeting ability, these natural compounds hold great potential in developing novel drugs for AD.
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27
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Yang S, Wang L, Xie Z, Zeng Y, Xiong Q, Pei T, Wei D, Cheng W. The Combination of Salidroside and Hedysari Radix Polysaccharide Inhibits Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis via the PKC/ERK Pathway. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022; 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35795284 PMCID: PMC9252633 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9475703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is a widely recognized pathological marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Salidroside and Hedysari Radix polysaccharide (HRP) were extracted from Chinese herb medicine Rhodiola rosea L and Hedysarum polybotrys Hand-Mazz, respectively. The neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of the combination of salidroside and Hedysari Radix polysaccharide (CSH) against Aβ25–35 induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. Objective. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects and pharmacological mechanisms of CSH on Aβ25–35-induced HT22 cells. Materials and Methods. HT22 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of salidroside or HRP for 24 h, followed by exposed to 20 μm Aβ25–35 in the presence of salidroside or RHP for another 24 h. In a CSH protective assay, HT22 cells were pretreated with 40 μm salidroside and 20 μg/mL HRP for 24 h. The cell viability assay, cell morphology observation, determination of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell apoptosis rate were performed. The mRNA expression of protein kinase C-beta (PKCβ), Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, Cyt-C, PKCβ, phospho-ERK1/2, Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured by Western blot. Results. CSH treatment increased cell viability, MMP, and decreased ROS generation in Aβ25–35-induced HT22 cells. PKCβ and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were elevated by CSH while Bax was decreased. CSH increased the protein expression levels of PKCβ, Bcl-2, and phospho-ERK1/2, and decreased those of Bax, Cyt-C, and cleaved caspase-3. Conclusions. CSH treatment have protective effects against Aβ25–35-induced cytotoxicity through decreasing ROS levels, increasing MMP, inhibiting early apoptosis, and regulating PKC/ERK pathway in HT22 cells. CSH may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Flores-Cordero JA, Pérez-Pérez A, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Alba G, Flores-Barragán A, Sánchez-Margalet V. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Leptin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5202. [PMID: 35563589 PMCID: PMC9099768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem, affecting many people due to excessive saturated fat consumption, lack of exercise, or a sedentary lifestyle. Leptin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue that increases in obesity and has central actions not only at the hypothalamic level but also in other regions and nuclei of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These regions express the long form of leptin receptor LepRb, which is the unique leptin receptor capable of transmitting complete leptin signaling, and are the first regions to be affected by chronic neurocognitive deficits, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In this review, we discuss different leptin resistance mechanisms that could be implicated in increasing the risk of developing AD, as leptin resistance is frequently associated with obesity, which is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and obesity is considered a risk factor for AD. Key players of leptin resistance are SOCS3, PTP1B, and TCPTP whose signalling is related to inflammation and could be worsened in AD. However, some data are controversial, and it is necessary to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of the AD-causing pathological processes and how altered leptin signalling affects such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Av. Sánchez Pizjuan 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.F.-C.); (A.P.-P.); (C.J.-C.); (G.A.); (A.F.-B.)
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29
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Nguyen TPN, Kumar M, Fedele E, Bonanno G, Bonifacino T. MicroRNA Alteration, Application as Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approaches in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094718. [PMID: 35563107 PMCID: PMC9104163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential post-transcriptional gene regulators involved in various neuronal and non-neuronal cell functions and play a key role in pathological conditions. Numerous studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are dysregulated in major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Huntington’s disease. Hence, in the present work, we constructed a comprehensive overview of individual microRNA alterations in various models of the above neurodegenerative diseases. We also provided evidence of miRNAs as promising biomarkers for prognostic and diagnostic approaches. In addition, we summarized data from the literature about miRNA-based therapeutic applications via inhibiting or promoting miRNA expression. We finally identified the overlapping miRNA signature across the diseases, including miR-128, miR-140-5p, miR-206, miR-326, and miR-155, associated with multiple etiological cellular mechanisms. However, it remains to be established whether and to what extent miRNA-based therapies could be safely exploited in the future as effective symptomatic or disease-modifying approaches in the different human neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. P. Nhung Nguyen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.P.N.N.); (M.K.); (G.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Mandeep Kumar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.P.N.N.); (M.K.); (G.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.P.N.N.); (M.K.); (G.B.); (T.B.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.P.N.N.); (M.K.); (G.B.); (T.B.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (T.P.N.N.); (M.K.); (G.B.); (T.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Genoa, Italy
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Mat Zian NFA, Swain P, Mohd Faudzi SM, Zakaria N, Wan Ibrahim WN, Abu Bakar N, Shaari K, Stanslas J, Choi TI, Kim CH. Mapping Molecular Networks within Clitoria ternatea Linn. against LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in Microglial Cells, with Molecular Docking and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment in Zebrafish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040467. [PMID: 35455463 PMCID: PMC9032563 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea Linn. (CT), or butterfly pea, is an Ayurvedic plant traditionally used as a brain tonic. Recently, it was reported to be of use in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders, i.e., as an antistress treatment and antidepressant. In the present study, we report a detailed phytochemical profile of the ethyl acetate fraction of the flower of CT (CTF_EA) with significant neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory properties in both LPS-activated BV-2 and SK-N-SH cells. Concurrently, the molecular network (MN) derived from the CTF_EA metabolome allows putative identification of flavonol 3-O-glycosides, hydrocinnamic acids, and primary metabolites. Molecular docking studies suggest that CTF_EA preferentially targets iNOS, resulting in a decrease in nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, no toxic effects on normal embryonic development, blood vessel formation, and apoptosis are observed when CTF_EA is tested for in vivo toxicity in zebrafish models. The overall preliminary results suggest the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of CT and provide scientific support for the efficacy of this medicinal plant at local and traditional levels. However, studies on the targeted isolation of bioactive metabolites, in-depth pharmacological efficacy, and safety in mammalian models are urgently needed to expand our understanding of this plant before it is developed into a promising therapeutic agent for brain-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Farah Adni Mat Zian
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.F.A.M.Z.); (W.N.W.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Puspanjali Swain
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.S.); (T.-I.C.)
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.F.A.M.Z.); (W.N.W.I.); (K.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.F.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Norzalina Zakaria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.F.A.M.Z.); (W.N.W.I.); (K.S.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Noraini Abu Bakar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.F.A.M.Z.); (W.N.W.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.S.); (T.-I.C.)
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (P.S.); (T.-I.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.F.); (C.-H.K.)
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Islam F, Khadija JF, Harun-or-rashid M, Rahaman MS, Nafady MH, Islam MR, Akter A, Emran TB, Wilairatana P, Mubarak MS, Rai SN. Bioactive Compounds and Their Derivatives: An Insight into Prospective Phytotherapeutic Approach against Alzheimer’s Disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022; 2022:1-22. [PMID: 35450410 PMCID: PMC9017558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative brain disorder that causes cellular response alterations, such as impaired cholinergic mechanism, amyloid-beta (Aβ) AD aggregation, neuroinflammation, and several other pathways. AD is still the most prevalent form of dementia and affects many individuals across the globe. The exact cause of the disorder is obscure. There are yet no effective medications for halting, preventing, or curing AD's progress. Plenty of natural products are isolated from several sources and analyzed in preclinical and clinical settings for neuroprotective effects in preventing and treating AD. In addition, natural products and their derivatives have been promising in treating and preventing AD. Natural bioactive compounds play an active modulatory role in the pathological molecular mechanisms of AD development. This review focuses on natural products from plant sources and their derivatives that have demonstrated neuroprotective activities and maybe promising to treat and prevent AD. In addition, this article summarizes the literature pertaining to natural products as agents in the treatment of AD. Rapid metabolism, nonspecific targeting, low solubility, lack of BBB permeability, and limited bioavailability are shortcomings of most bioactive molecules in treating AD. We can use nanotechnology and nanocarriers based on different types of approaches.
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Xiang K, Liu Y, Sun L. Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Recovery. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:728799. [PMID: 35185512 PMCID: PMC8847709 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.728799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-dementia condition, marked by the enhanced risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia, together with falls, disability, and abnormal movements. The research studies revealed the distinct neurological and non-neurological clinical gait irregularities during dementia and accelerated functional decline, such as postural and balance impairments, memory loss, cognitive failure, and metabolic dysfunctions. The disabling characteristics of MCR comprise altered afferent sensory and efferent motor responses, together with disrupted visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive components. The pathological basis of MCR relates with the frontal lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), gray matter atrophy in the pre-motor and pre-frontal cortex, abnormal cholinergic functioning, inflammatory responses, and genetic factors. Further, cerebrovascular lesions and cardiovascular disorders exacerbate the disease pathology. The diagnosis of MCR is carried out through neuropsychological tests, biomarker assays, imaging studies, questionnaire-based evaluation, and motor function tests, including walking speed, dual-task gait tests, and ambulation ability. Recovery from MCR may include cognitive, physical, and social activities, exercise, diet, nutritional supplements, symptomatic drug treatment, and lifestyle habits that restrict the disease progression. Psychotherapeutic counseling, anti-depressants, and vitamins may support motor and cognitive improvement, primarily through the restorative pathways. However, an in-depth understanding of the association of immobility, dementia, and cognitive stress with MCR requires additional clinical and pre-clinical studies. They may have a significant contribution in reducing MCR syndrome and the risk for dementia. Overall, the current review informs the vital connection between gait performance and cognition in MCR and highlights the usefulness of future research in the discernment and treatment of dementiating illness.
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Küpeli Akkol E, Bardakcı H, Yücel Ç, Şeker Karatoprak G, Karpuz B, Khan H. A New Perspective on the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Sleep Deprivation-Related Consequences: Can Curcumin Help? Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:6168199. [PMID: 35069976 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6168199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, as well as sleep-wake rhythm disorders, are characteristic symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that may head the other clinical signs of this neurodegenerative disease. Age-related structural and physiological changes in the brain lead to changes in sleep patterns. Conditions such as AD affect the cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, locus coeruleus, and the hypothalamus, thus changing the sleep-wake cycle. Sleep disorders likewise adversely affect the course of the disease. Since the sleep quality is important for the proper functioning of the memory, impaired sleep is associated with problems in the related areas of the brain that play a key role in learning and memory functions. In addition to synthetic drugs, utilization of medicinal plants has become popular in the treatment of neurological diseases. Curcuminoids, which are in a diarylheptanoid structure, are the main components of turmeric. Amongst them, curcumin has multiple applications in treatment regimens of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and aging. Besides, curcumin has been reported to be effective in different types of neurodegenerative diseases. Scientific studies exclusively showed that curcumin leads significant improvements in the pathological process of AD. Yet, its low solubility hence low bioavailability is the main therapeutic limitation of curcumin. Although previous studies have focused different types of advanced nanoformulations of curcumin, new approaches are needed to solve the solubility problem. This review summarizes the available scientific data, as reported by the most recent studies describing the utilization of curcumin in the treatment of AD and sleep deprivation-related consequences.
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Ko CY, Xu JH, Chang YW, Lo YM, Wu JSB, Huang WC, Shen SC. Effects of α-Lipoic Acid on Phagocytosis of Oligomeric Beta-Amyloid1–42 in BV-2 Mouse Microglial Cells. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:788723. [PMID: 35095473 PMCID: PMC8790469 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.788723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the enhancing effect of vitamin-like alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on phagocytosis of oligomeric beta-amyloid (oAβ)1–42 in BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Methods: An in vitro model was established to investigate phagocytosis of oAβ1–42 in BV-2 cells. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the morphology of prepared oAβ1–42 was spherical particles. BV-2 cells treated with ALA were incubated with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labeled oAβ1–42 (FAM-oAβ1–42) for 24 h, followed by flow cytometer analysis, western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis to assess the in vitro phagocytosis ability of oAβ1–42. Results: Alpha-lipoic acid significantly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the CD36 receptor in BV-2 cells. ICC analysis showed that ALA significantly elevated CD36 protein expression in BV-2 cells both with and without oAβ1–42 treatment. Results from the flow cytometry analysis indicated that the CD36 receptor inhibitor significantly attenuated ALA-promoted phagocytosis of FAM-oAβ1–42 in BV-2 cells. Moreover, ICC analysis revealed that ALA caused the translocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), which is known to regulate the expression of CD36 mRNA in BV-2 cells. ALA also elevated both the mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 in BV-2 cells. Conclusion: We postulated that ALA enhances oAβ1–42 phagocytosis by upregulating the COX-2/15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2/PPAR-γ/CD36 pathway in BV-2 cells. Finally, future studies should be conducted with an in vivo study to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Department of Tumor Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - James Swi-Bea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Szu-Chuan Shen,
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Lyu Z, Li Q, Yu Z, Chan Y, Fu L, Li Y, Zhang C. Yi-Zhi-Fang-Dai Formula Exerts Neuroprotective Effects Against Pyroptosis and Blood-Brain Barrier-Glymphatic Dysfunctions to Prevent Amyloid-Beta Acute Accumulation After Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:791059. [PMID: 34975487 PMCID: PMC8714930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The dysfunctional blood–brain barrier (BBB)–glymphatic system is responsible for triggering intracerebral amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) accumulation and acts as the key link between ischemic stroke and dementia dominated by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, pyroptosis in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is demonstrated as a considerable mechanism causing BBB–glymphatic dysfunctions and Aβ acute accumulation in the brain. Targeting glial pyroptosis to protect BBB–glymphatic functions after cerebral I/R could offer a new viewpoint to prevent Aβ accumulation and poststroke dementia. Yi-Zhi-Fang-Dai formula (YZFDF) is an herbal prescription used to cure dementia with multiple effects of regulating inflammatory responses and protecting the BBB against toxic Aβ-induced damage. Hence, YZFDF potentially possesses neuroprotective effects against cerebral I/R injury and the early pathology of poststroke dementia, which evokes our current study. Objectives: The present study was designed to confirm the potential efficacy of YZFDF against cerebral I/R injury and explore the possible mechanism associated with alleviating Aβ acute accumulation. Methods: The models of cerebral I/R injury in rats were built by the method of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). First, neurological function assessment and cerebral infarct measurement were used for confirming the efficacy of YZFDF on cerebral I/R injury, and the optimal dosage (YZFDF-H) was selected to conduct the experiments, which included Western blotting detections of pyroptosis, Aβ1-42 oligomers, and NeuN, immunofluorescence observations of glial pyroptosis, aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), and Aβ locations, brain water content measurement, SMI 71 (a specific marker for BBB)/AQP-4 immunohistochemistry, and Nissl staining to further evaluate BBB–glymphatic functions and neuronal damage. Results: YZFDF obviously alleviated neurological deficits and cerebral infarct after cerebral I/R in rats. Furthermore, YZFDF could inactivate pyroptosis signaling via inhibiting caspase-1/11 activation and gasdermin D cleavage, ameliorate glial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation, protect against BBB collapse and AQP-4 depolarization, prevent Aβ acute accumulation and Aβ1-42 oligomers formation, and reduce neuronal damage and increase neurons survival after reperfusion. Conclusion: Our study indicated that YZFDF could exert neuroprotective effects on cerebral I/R injury and prevent Aβ acute accumulation in the brain after cerebral I/R associated with inhibiting neuroinflammation-related pyroptosis and BBB–glymphatic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkuan Lyu
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyue Li
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghai Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Chan
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Geriatrics Department of Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- International Medical Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Vernuccio L, Catanese G, Inzerillo F, Salemi G, Barbagallo M. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114080. [PMID: 34836334 PMCID: PMC8624903 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such as genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in dementia cases is expected due largely to the aging of the world population. There are no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia, which underscores the crucial role of prevention. A relationship among diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with cognitive function has been intensively studied with mounting evidence supporting the role of these determinants in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, which is a chief cause of disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have been investigated in this regard, with some encouraging and other disappointing results. This review presents the current evidence for the effects of dietary patterns, dietary components, some supplements, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social engagement on the prevention or delay of the onset of age-related cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; +39-0916554828
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Vernuccio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Catanese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Flora Inzerillo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
- UOC of Neurology, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
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Kwon CY, Lee B. Herbal Medicine for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713287. [PMID: 34385925 PMCID: PMC8353144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dementia is a global health concern, causing serious health and socioeconomic burdens with population aging. The associated symptoms of dementia, called behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), are factors contributing to the socioeconomic burden of dementia. Recently, herbal medicine (HM) has attracted attention as a potential complementary therapy for BPSD. Therefore, this systematic review was aimed at analyzing the effectiveness (or efficacy), safety, and research status of HM in BPSD management through a comprehensive review. Methods: Thirteen electronic databases were searched comprehensively. Related clinical studies published until December 28, 2020, were collected. The methodological quality was evaluated using tools such as the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool according to the study design. The effectiveness (or efficacy) was analyzed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) only, and when sufficient homogeneity was assured, effect estimates were presented as mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR), with 95% confidence interval (CIs), through a meta-analysis. Results: A total of 52 clinical studies, including 36 RCTs, were included in this review. As an adjunctive therapy, HM showed statistically significant benefits in BPSD severity assessed by the Behavior Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale (combined with psychotropic drugs: MD = −3.48, 95% CI: −3.96 to −2.99; with anti-dementia drugs: MD = −2.81, 95% CI: −3.17 to −2.45) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (with anti-dementia drugs: MD = −3.23, 95% CI: −4.06 to −2.40). Adverse events were significantly less frequent in the HM group (RR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.88). However, the methodological quality of the RCTs included in this systematic review was not optimal overall. Conclusion: According to the findings of this review, HM may be associated with additional benefits in BPSD treatment, particularly when used as an adjunct to conventional medications, including psychotropic and anti-dementia drugs. However, considering the methodological quality of the included RCTs, this clinical evidence is not robust. Nevertheless, dementia is a global health concern, and considering the limitations of conventional psychotropic drugs for BPSD, a major cause of the disease burden, HM appears to be a promising complementary therapy that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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