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Peter JK, Umene R, Wu CH, Nakamura Y, Washimine N, Yamamoto R, Ngugi C, Linge K, Kweri JK, Inoue T. Renal macrophages induce hypertension and kidney fibrosis in Angiotensin II salt mice model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 715:149997. [PMID: 38678782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The immune system is involved in hypertension development with different immune cells reported to have either pro or anti-hypertensive effects. In hypertension, immune cells have been thought to infiltrate blood pressure-regulating organs, resulting in either elevation or reduction of blood pressure. There is controversy over whether macrophages play a detrimental or beneficial role in the development of hypertension, and the few existing studies have yielded conflicting results. This study aimed to determine the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) salt-induced hypertension on renal immune cells and to determine whether renal macrophages are involved in the induction of hypertension. Hypertension was induced by administration of Ang II and saline for two weeks. The effects of hypertension on kidney immune cells were assessed using flow cytometry. Macrophage infiltration in the kidney was assessed by immunohistochemistry and kidney fibrosis was assessed using trichrome stain and kidney real time-qPCR. Liposome encapsulated clodronate was used to deplete macrophages in C57BL/6J mice and investigate the direct role of macrophages in hypertension induction. Ang II saline mice group developed hypertension, had increased renal macrophages, and had increased expression of Acta2 and Col1a1 and kidney fibrotic areas. Macrophage depletion blunted hypertension development and reduced the expression of Acta2 and Col1a1 in the kidney and kidney fibrotic areas in Ang II saline group. The results of this study demonstrate that macrophages infiltrate the kidneys and increase kidney fibrosis in Ang II salt-induced hypertension, and depletion of macrophages suppresses the development of hypertension and decreases kidney fibrosis. This indicates that macrophages play a direct role in hypertension development. Hence macrophages have a potential to be considered as therapeutic target in hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kasyoki Peter
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan; Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya; Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
| | - Ryusuke Umene
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan.
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Yasuna Nakamura
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Norito Washimine
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Caroline Ngugi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
| | - Kavoo Linge
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
| | - Joseph K Kweri
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan.
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Nguyen BA, Alexander MR, Harrison DG. Immune mechanisms in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00838-w. [PMID: 38658669 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite current anti-hypertensive therapies, most individuals with hypertension fail to achieve adequate blood pressure control. Moreover, even with adequate control, a residual risk of cardiovascular events and associated organ damage remains. These findings suggest that current treatment modalities are not addressing a key element of the underlying pathology. Emerging evidence implicates immune cells as key mediators in the development and progression of hypertension. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the diverse roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in hypertension, highlighting key findings from human and rodent studies. We explore mechanisms by which these immune cells promote hypertensive pathophysiology, shedding light on their multifaceted involvement. In addition, we highlight advances in our understanding of autoimmunity, HIV and immune checkpoints that provide valuable insight into mechanisms of chronic and dysregulated inflammation in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew R Alexander
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David G Harrison
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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3
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Balhara M, Neikirk K, Marshall A, Hinton A, Kirabo A. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hypertension and Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024:10.1007/s11906-024-01300-9. [PMID: 38602583 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is a principal risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with its severity exacerbated by high sodium intake, particularly in individuals with salt-sensitive blood pressure. However, the mechanisms underlying hypertension and salt sensitivity are only partly understood. Herein, we review potential interactions in hypertension pathophysiology involving the immune system, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and proteostasis pathways; identify knowledge gaps; and discuss future directions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advancements by our research group and others reveal interactions within and between adaptive and innate immune responses in hypertension pathophysiology. The salt-immune-hypertension axis is further supported by the discovery of the role of dendritic cells in hypertension, marked by isolevuglandin (IsoLG) formation. Alongside these broadened understandings of immune-mediated salt sensitivity, the contributions of T cells to hypertension have been recently challenged by groups whose findings did not support increased resistance of Rag-1-deficient mice to Ang II infusion. Hypertension has also been linked to ER stress and the UPR. Notably, a holistic approach is needed because the UPR engages in crosstalk with autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome, and other proteostasis pathways, that may all involve hypertension. There is a critical need for studies to establish cause and effect relationships between ER stress and the UPR in hypertension pathophysiology in humans and to determine whether the immune system and ER stress function mainly to exacerbate or initiate hypertension and target organ injury. This review of recent studies proposes new avenues for future research for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balhara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212-8802, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212-8802, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, USA.
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Alvarez Quintero GS, Lima A, Roig P, Meyer M, de Kloet ER, De Nicola AF, Garay LI. Effects of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 238:106461. [PMID: 38219844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
There is growing evidence indicating that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression influences a wide variety of functions in metabolic and immune response. The present study explored if antagonism of the MR reduces neuroinflammation in the spinal cord of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Eplerenone (EPLE) (100 mg/kg dissolved in 30% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily from EAE induction (day 0) until sacrificed on day 17 post-induction. The MR blocker (a) significantly decreased the inflammatory parameters TLR4, MYD88, IL-1β, and iNOS mRNAs; (b) attenuated HMGB1, NLRP3, TGF-β mRNAs, microglia, and aquaporin4 immunoreaction without modifying GFAP. Serum IL-1β was also decreased in the EAE+EPLE group. Moreover, EPLE treatment prevented demyelination and improved clinical signs of EAE mice. Interestingly, MR was decreased and GR remained unchanged in EAE mice while EPLE treatment restored MR expression, suggesting that a dysbalanced MR/GR was associated with the development of neuroinflammation. Our results indicated that MR blockage with EPLE attenuated inflammation-related spinal cord pathology in the EAE mouse model of Multiple Sclerosis, supporting a novel therapeutic approach for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido S Alvarez Quintero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analia Lima
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulina Roig
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Meyer
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E R de Kloet
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Human Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura I Garay
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Human Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Gan L, Ye D, Feng Y, Pan H, Lu X, Wan J, Ye J. Immune cells and hypertension. Immunol Res 2024; 72:1-13. [PMID: 38044398 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death due to target organ injury from cardiovascular disease. Although there are many treatments, only one-sixth of hypertensive patients effectively control their blood pressure. Therefore, further understanding the pathogenesis of hypertension is essential for the treatment of hypertension. Much research shows that immune cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Here, we discuss the roles of different immune cells in hypertension. Many immune cells participate in innate and adaptive immune responses, such as monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, NK cells, and B and T lymphocytes. Immune cells infiltrate the blood vessels, kidneys, and hearts and cause damage. The mechanism is that immune cells secrete cytokines such as interleukin, interferon, and tumor necrosis factor, which affect the inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and kidney sodium water retention, and finally aggravate or reduce the dysfunction, remodeling, and fibrosis of the blood vessel, kidney, and heart to participate in blood pressure regulation. This article reviews the research progress on immune cells and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqi Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiyi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
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Gonzalez AL, Dungan MM, Smart CD, Madhur MS, Doran AC. Inflammation Resolution in the Cardiovascular System: Arterial Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Ischemic Heart Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:292-316. [PMID: 37125445 PMCID: PMC11071112 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Chronic inflammation has emerged as a major underlying cause of many prevalent conditions in the Western world, including cardiovascular diseases. Although targeting inflammation has emerged as a promising avenue by which to treat cardiovascular disease, it is also associated with increased risk of infection. Recent Advances: Though previously assumed to be passive, resolution has now been identified as an active process, mediated by unique immunoresolving mediators and mechanisms designed to terminate acute inflammation and promote tissue repair. Recent work has determined that failures of resolution contribute to chronic inflammation and the progression of human disease. Specifically, failure to produce pro-resolving mediators and the impaired clearance of dead cells from inflamed tissue have been identified as major mechanisms by which resolution fails in disease. Critical Issues: Drawing from a rapidly expanding body of experimental and clinical studies, we review here what is known about the role of inflammation resolution in arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease. For each, we discuss the involvement of specialized pro-resolving mediators and pro-reparative cell types, including T regulatory cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages. Future Directions: Pro-resolving therapies offer the promise of limiting chronic inflammation without impairing host defense. Therefore, it is imperative to better understand the mechanisms underlying resolution to identify therapeutic targets. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 292-316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azuah L. Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew M. Dungan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - C. Duncan Smart
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meena S. Madhur
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amanda C. Doran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Zhao L, Qu H, Ouyang J, Meng Y, Gao Z. Hypertension in non-obese children and BMI in adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38172674 PMCID: PMC10765895 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the association between hypertension(HTN) in non-obese children body mass index (BMI) in adulthood. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 1111 participants from the Bogalusa Heart Study was conducted, in which data on hypertension history during childhood in non-obese children, anthropometric and cardiovascular risk factors and other indicators from cross-sectional examinations in adulthood were collected. BMI was used as both a continuous and a categorical variable, and multivariate linear regression modelling and logistic regression modelling were used. RESULTS Of the 1111 participants finally enrolled, 40 (3.60%) had HTN during childhood. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lipid, glucose and insulin levels in childhood, and smoking status, alcohol intake, and disease history as adults, HTN among non-obese children was positively associated with BMI in adulthood (β = 2.64 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.88-4.40, P = 0.0033), and the odds of being overweight or obese was 3.71 times higher in the group with a history of hypertension in childhood than those without a history of HTN(95% CI: 1.11-12.46, P = 0.0337). CONCLUSION Among non-obese children, hypertension is at risk for higher levels of BMI in adulthood. Identifying and controlling blood pressure and childhood may aid in the prevention of adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jiahui Ouyang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yanyan Meng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China.
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8
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Guzik TJ, Nosalski R, Maffia P, Drummond GR. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-023-00964-1. [PMID: 38172242 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a global health problem, with >1.3 billion individuals with high blood pressure worldwide. In this Review, we present an inflammatory paradigm for hypertension, emphasizing the crucial roles of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines in disease initiation and progression. T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and natural killer cells are all implicated in hypertension. Neoantigens, the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased sympathetic outflow, as well as cytokines (including IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18 and IL-21) and a high-salt environment, can contribute to immune activation in hypertension. The activated immune cells migrate to target organs such as arteries (especially the perivascular fat and adventitia), kidneys, the heart and the brain, where they release effector cytokines that elevate blood pressure and cause vascular remodelling, renal damage, cardiac hypertrophy, cognitive impairment and dementia. IL-17 secreted by CD4+ T helper 17 cells and γδ T cells, and interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor secreted by immunosenescent CD8+ T cells, exert crucial effector roles in hypertension, whereas IL-10 and regulatory T cells are protective. Effector mediators impair nitric oxide bioavailability, leading to endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular contractility. Inflammatory effector mediators also alter renal sodium and water balance and promote renal fibrosis. These mechanisms link hypertension with obesity, autoimmunity, periodontitis and COVID-19. A comprehensive understanding of the immune and inflammatory mechanisms of hypertension is crucial for safely and effectively translating the findings to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Guzik
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Medicine and Omicron Medical Genomics Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland.
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence (CoRE) in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance ARUA & The Guild, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence (CoRE) in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance ARUA & The Guild, Glasgow, UK
- School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Barhoumi T, Todryk S. Role of monocytes/macrophages in renin-angiotensin system-induced hypertension and end organ damage. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1199934. [PMID: 37854465 PMCID: PMC10579565 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1199934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a central modulator of cardiovascular physiology. Pathophysiology of hypertension is commonly accompanied by hyper-activation of RAS. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are the gold standard treatment for hypertension. Recently, several studies highlighted the crucial role of immune system in hypertension. Angiotensin-II-induced hypertension is associated with low grade inflammation characterized by innate and adaptive immune system dysfunction. Throughout the progression of hypertension, monocyte/macrophage cells appear to have a crucial role in vascular inflammation and interaction with the arterial wall. Since myelomonocytic cells potentially play a key role in angiotensin-II-induced hypertension and organ damage, pharmacological targeting of RAS components in monocyte/macrophages may possibly present an innovative strategy for treatment of hypertension and related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tlili Barhoumi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen Todryk
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Qiu Y, Xu S, Chen X, Wu X, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Tu Q, Dong B, Liu Z, He J, Zhang X, Liu S, Su C, Huang H, Xia W, Tao J. NAD + exhaustion by CD38 upregulation contributes to blood pressure elevation and vascular damage in hypertension. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:353. [PMID: 37718359 PMCID: PMC10505611 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, which contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an indispensable cofactor in all living cells that is involved in fundamental biological processes. However, in hypertensive patients, alterations in NAD+ levels and their relation with blood pressure (BP) elevation and vascular damage have not yet been studied. Here we reported that hypertensive patients exhibited lower NAD+ levels, as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and aortas, which was parallel to vascular dysfunction. NAD+ boosting therapy with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplement reduced BP and ameliorated vascular dysfunction in hypertensive patients (NCT04903210) and AngII-induced hypertensive mice. Upregulation of CD38 in endothelial cells led to endothelial NAD+ exhaustion by reducing NMN bioavailability. Pro-inflammatory macrophages infiltration and increase in IL-1β generation derived from pro-inflammatory macrophages resulted in higher CD38 expression by activating JAK1-STAT1 signaling pathway. CD38 KO, CD38 inhibitors treatment, or adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated endothelial CD38 knockdown lowered BP and improved vascular dysfunction in AngII-induced hypertensive mice. The present study demonstrated for the first time that endothelial CD38 activation and subsequently accelerated NAD+ degradation due to enhanced macrophage-derived IL-1β production was responsible for BP elevation and vascular damage in hypertension. NAD+ boosting therapy can be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Qiu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Xu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhefu Liu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 518033, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 530022, Nanning, China.
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Systemic hypertension is the most common medical comorbidity affecting the adult population globally, with multiple associated outcomes including cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, vascular calcification, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and mortality. Despite advancements in the therapeutic field approximately one in every five adult patients with hypertension is classified as having treatment-resistant hypertension, indicating the need for studies to provide better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and the need for more therapeutic targets. Recent pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the role of the innate and adaptive immune system including various cell types and cytokines in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Moreover, pre-clinical studies have indicated the potential beneficial effects of immunosuppressant medications in the control of hypertension. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether such pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic alternatives are applicable to human subjects, while this area of research is undoubtedly a rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim B Peltek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Colvert CA, Hawkins KP, Semenikhina M, Stefanenko M, Pavlykivska O, Oates JC, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Palygin O, Van Beusecum JP. Endothelial mechanical stretch regulates the immunological synapse interface of renal endothelial cells in a sex-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F22-F37. [PMID: 37167273 PMCID: PMC10292970 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00258.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased mechanical endothelial cell stretch contributes to the development of numerous cardiovascular and renal pathologies. Recent studies have shone a light on the importance of sex-dependent inflammation in the pathogenesis of renal disease states. The endothelium plays an intimate and critical role in the orchestration of immune cell activation through upregulation of adhesion molecules and secretion of cytokines and chemokines. While endothelial cells are not recognized as professional antigen-presenting cells, in response to cytokine stimulation, endothelial cells can express both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and MHC II. MHCs are essential to forming a part of the immunological synapse interface during antigen presentation to adaptive immune cells. Whether MHC I and II are increased under increased mechanical stretch is unknown. Due to hypertension being multifactorial, we hypothesized that increased mechanical endothelial stretch promotes the regulation of MHCs and key costimulatory proteins on mouse renal endothelial cells (MRECs) in a stretch-dependent manner. MRECs derived from both sexes underwent 5%, 10%, or 15% uniaxial cyclical stretch, and immunological synapse interface proteins were determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblot analysis, and RNA sequencing. We found that increased endothelial mechanical stretch conditions promoted downregulation of MHC I in male MRECs but upregulation in female MRECs. Moreover, MHC II was upregulated by mechanical stretch in both male and female MRECs, whereas CD86 and CD70 were regulated in a sex-dependent manner. By bulk RNA sequencing, we found that increased mechanical endothelial cell stretch promoted differential gene expression of key antigen processing and presentation genes in female MRECs, demonstrating that females have upregulation of key antigen presentation pathways. Taken together, our data demonstrate that mechanical endothelial stretch regulates endothelial activation and immunological synapse interface formation in renal endothelial cells in a sex-dependent manner.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelial cells contribute to the development of renal inflammation and have the unique ability to express antigen presentation proteins. Whether increased endothelial mechanical stretch regulates immunological synapse interface proteins remains unknown. We found that antigen presentation proteins and costimulatory proteins on renal endothelial cells are modulated by mechanical stretch in a sex-dependent manner. Our data provide novel insights into the sex-dependent ability of renal endothelial cells to present antigens in response to endothelial mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alex Colvert
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kennedy P Hawkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Marharyta Semenikhina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Mariia Stefanenko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Olesia Pavlykivska
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jim C Oates
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Justin P Van Beusecum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
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13
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Ketkar H, Alqahtani M, Tang S, Parambath SP, Bakshi CS, Jain S. Chronically hypertensive transgenic mice expressing human AT1R haplotype-I exhibit increased susceptibility to Francisella tularensis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1173577. [PMID: 37266014 PMCID: PMC10229887 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1173577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related illnesses, including hypertension and accompanying metabolic disorders, compromise immunity and exacerbate infection-associated fatalities. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the key mechanism that controls blood pressure. Upregulation of RAS through angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R), a G-protein coupled receptor, contributes to the pathophysiological consequences leading to vascular remodeling, hypertension, and end-organ damage. Genetic variations that increase the expression of human AT1R may cause the above pathological outcomes associated with hypertension. Previously we have shown that our chronically hypertensive transgenic (TG) mice containing the haplotype-I variant (Hap-I, hypertensive genotype) of human AT1R (hAT1R) gene are more prone to develop the metabolic syndrome-related disorders as compared to the TG mice containing the haplotype-II variant (Hap-II, normotensive genotype). Since aging and an increased risk of hypertension can impact multiple organ systems in a complex manner, including susceptibility to various infections, the current study investigated the susceptibility and potential effect of acute bacterial infection using a Gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogen, Francisella tularensis in our hAT1R TG mice. Our results show that compared to Hap-II, F. tularensis-infected aged Hap-I TG mice have significantly higher mortality post-infection, higher bacterial load and lung pathology, elevated inflammatory cytokines and altered gene expression profile favoring hypertension and inflammation. Consistent with worsened phenotype in aged Hap-I mice post-Francisella infection, gene expression profiles from their lungs revealed significantly altered expression of more than 1,400 genes. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis identified genes associated with RAS and IFN-γ pathways regulating blood pressure and inflammation. These studies demonstrate that haplotype-dependent over-expression of the hAT1R gene leads to enhanced susceptibility and lethality due to F. tularensis LVS infection, which gets aggravated in aged animals. Clinically, these findings will help in exploring the role of AT1R-induced hypertension and enhanced susceptibility to infection-related respiratory diseases.
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14
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Abstract
Vascular age is determined by functional and structural changes in the arterial wall. When measured by its proxy, pulse wave velocity, it has been shown to predict cardiovascular and total mortality. Disconcordance between chronological and vascular age might represent better or worse vascular health. Cell senescence is caused by oxidative stress and sustained cell replication. Senescent cells acquire senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dysregulation of coagulation and leucocyte infiltration are observed in the aging endothelium. All of these mechanisms lead to increased vascular calcification and stiffness. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can involve the vascular endothelium. It enters cells using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors, which are abundant in endothelial cells. The damage this virus does to the endothelium can be direct or indirect. Indirect damage is caused by hyperinflammation. Direct damage results from effects on ACE-2 receptors. The reduction of ACE-2 levels seen during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection might cause vasoconstriction and oxidative stress. COVID-19 and vascular aging share some pathways. Due to the novelty of the virus, there is an urgent need for studies that investigate its long-term effects on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignas Badaras
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania,Ignas Badaras, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius
University, M. K. Ciurlionio g. 21/27, LT-03101, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania.
| | - Agnė Laučytė-Cibulskienė
- Department of Nephrology, Skåne University
Hospital, Malmö, Sweden,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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15
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Chittimalli K, Jahan J, Sakamuri A, Weyrick H, Winkle W, Adkins S, Vetter SW, Jarajapu YPR. Reversal of aging-associated increase in myelopoiesis and expression of alarmins by angiotensin-(1-7). Sci Rep 2023; 13:2543. [PMID: 36782016 PMCID: PMC9925828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation largely due to increased myelopoiesis, which in turn increases risk for vascular disease. We have previously shown evidence for the therapeutic potential of Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) in reversing vasoreparative dysfunction in aging. This study tested the hypothesis that ischemic vascular repair in aging by Ang-(1-7) involves attenuation of myelopoietic potential in the bone marrow and decreased mobilization of inflammatory cells. Young or Old male mice of age 3-4 and 22-24 months, respectively, received Ang-(1-7) (1 µg/kg/min, s.c.) for four weeks. Myelopoiesis was evaluated in the bone marrow (BM) cells by carrying out the colony forming unit (CFU-GM) assay followed by flow cytometry of monocyte-macrophages. Expression of pro-myelopoietic factors and alarmins in the hematopoietic progenitor-enriched BM cells was evaluated. Hindlimb ischemia (HLI) was induced by femoral ligation, and mobilization of monocytes into the blood stream was determined. Blood flow recovery was monitored by Laser Doppler imaging and infiltration of inflammatory cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. BM cells from Old mice generated a higher number of monocytes (Ly6G-CD11b+Ly6Chi) and M1 macrophages (Ly6ChiF4/80+) compared to that of Young, which was reversed by Ang-(1-7). Gene expression of selected myelopoietic factors, alarmins (S100A8, S100A9, S100A14 and HMGb1) and the receptor for alarmins, RAGE, was higher in the Old hematopoietic progenitor-enriched BM cells compared to the Young. Increased expressions of these factors were decreased by Ang-(1-7). Ischemia-induced mobilization of monocytes was higher in Old mice with decreased blood flow recovery and increased infiltration of monocyte-macrophages compared to the Young, all of which were reversed by Ang-(1-7). Enhanced ischemic vascular repair by Ang-(1-7) in aging is largely by decreasing the generation and recruitment of inflammatory monocyte-macrophages to the areas of ischemic injury. This is associated with decreased alarmin signaling in the BM-hematopoietic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Chittimalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Jesmin Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Anil Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Hope Weyrick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Wink Winkle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Steven Adkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Stefan W Vetter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Yagna P R Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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16
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Li Z, He Y, He H, Zhou W, Li M, Lu A, Che T, Shen S. Purification identification and function analysis of ACE inhibitory peptide from Ulva prolifera protein. Food Chem 2023; 401:134127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Zhang Z, Zhao L, Zhou X, Meng X, Zhou X. Role of inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress in hypertension: New insights and potential therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1098725. [PMID: 36703963 PMCID: PMC9871625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1098725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is regarded as the most prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which have become a primary cause of death, and recent research has demonstrated that chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Both innate and adaptive immunity are now known to promote the elevation of blood pressure by triggering vascular inflammation and microvascular remodeling. For example, as an important part of innate immune system, classically activated macrophages (M1), neutrophils, and dendritic cells contribute to hypertension by secreting inflammatory cy3tokines. In particular, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) produced by activated T lymphocytes contribute to hypertension by inducing oxidative stress injury and endothelial dysfunction. However, the regulatory T cells and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) may have a protective role in hypertension. Although inflammation is related to hypertension, the exact mechanisms are complex and unclear. The present review aims to reveal the roles of inflammation, immunity, and oxidative stress in the initiation and evolution of hypertension. We envisage that the review will strengthen public understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension and may provide new insights and potential therapeutic strategies for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Meng
- *Correspondence: Xianliang Zhou, ; Xu Meng,
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18
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Zhu L, Chen S, Liu N, Cui Q, Ma M, Liu Z, Xing Y, Zhang Y, Wang J. Elevated plasma macrophage migration inhibitor factor is associated with hypertension and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:68-73. [PMID: 35027653 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that the macrophage migration inhibitor factor is associated with endothelial dysfunction and ventricular remodelling. The aim of this study was to explore the potential relationship between plasma macrophage migration inhibitor factor levels and hypertension and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. A total of 308 participants (including 187 uncomplicated hypertensive patients and 121 healthy controls) were enroled from 2017 to 2019. The association between macrophage migration inhibitor factors and hypertension and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy was estimated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Elevated macrophage migration inhibitor factor was associated with the development of hypertension (second tertile: adjusted OR, 2.27, 95% CI, 1.24-4.16, P = 0.008; third tertile: adjusted OR, 5.43, 95% CI, 2.75-10.71, P < 0.001; compared with the first tertile). In addition, we assessed the association between macrophage migration inhibitor factor and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients (n = 187). Plasma macrophage migration inhibitor factor was significantly correlated with hypertensive left ventricular mass index (r = 0.580, P < 0.001). In patients with hypertension, an elevated macrophage migration inhibitor factor was significantly associated with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (second tertile: adjusted OR, 3.20, 95% CI, 1.17-8.78, P = 0.024; third tertile: adjusted OR, 24.95, 95% CI, 8.72-71.41, P < 0.001; compared with the first tertile). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that macrophage migration inhibitor factor had reasonable predictive accuracy for the development of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (area under curve 0.84, 95% CI 0.78-0.90, P < 0.001). Our data indicated that elevated macrophage migration inhibitor factor is associated with hypertension and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy.
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium is an early inflammatory response and is mainly controlled by the β2-integrins. However, the role of integrin CD11b/CD18 in the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular dysfunction is unclear. METHODS Hypertension was established by angiotensin II (490 ng/kg·per min) or deoxycorticosterone acetate salt. Hypertensive responses were studied in CD11b-deficient (CD11b-/-) mice, bone marrow transplanted and wild-type (WT) mice that were administered anti-CD11b neutralizing antibody or agonist leukadherin-1. Blood pressure was monitored with tail-cuff method and radiotelemetry. Blood and vascular inflammatory cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Aortic remodeling and function were examined using histology and aortic ring analysis. Cell adhesion and migration were evaluated in vitro. The relationship between circulating CD11b+ immune cells and hypertension was analyzed in patients with hypertension. RESULTS We found that CD11b and CD18 expression as well as the CD45+CD11b+CD18+ myeloid cells were highly increased in the aorta of angiotensin II-infused mice. Ablation or pharmacological inhibition of CD11b in mice significantly alleviated hypertension, aortic remodeling, superoxide generation, vascular dysfunction, and the infiltration of CD11b+ macrophages through reducing macrophage adhesion and migration. These effects were confirmed in WT mice reconstituted with CD11b-deficient bone marrow cells. Conversely, angiotensin II-induced hypertensive response was exacerbated by CD11b agonist leukadherin-1. Notably, circulating CD45+CD11b+CD18+ myeloid cells and the ligand levels in hypertensive patients were significantly higher than in normotensive controls. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a critical significance of CD11b+ myeloid cells in hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Targeting CD11b may represent a novel therapeutic option for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China (Q.-Y.L., J.B., H.-H.L.)
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China (Q.-Y.L., J.B., H.-H.L.)
| | - Yun-Long Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.-L.Z., H.-H.L.)
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China (Q.-Y.L., J.B., H.-H.L.).,Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.-L.Z., H.-H.L.)
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20
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Ertuglu LA, Mutchler AP, Yu J, Kirabo A. Inflammation and oxidative stress in salt sensitive hypertension; The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1096296. [PMID: 36620210 PMCID: PMC9814168 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1096296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-sensitivity of blood pressure is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and affects approximately half of the hypertensive population. While the precise mechanisms of salt-sensitivity remain unclear, recent findings on body sodium homeostasis and salt-induced immune cell activation provide new insights into the relationship between high salt intake, inflammation, and hypertension. The immune system, specifically antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, are directly implicated in salt-induced renal and vascular injury and hypertension. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome drive high sodium-mediated activation of APCs and T cells and contribute to the development of renal and vascular inflammation and hypertension. In this review, we summarize the recent insights into our understanding of the mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension and discuss the role of inflammasome activation as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A. Ertuglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United Staes,*Correspondence: Annet Kirabo, ; Lale A. Ertuglu,
| | - Ashley Pitzer Mutchler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Annet Kirabo, ; Lale A. Ertuglu,
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21
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Comeau KD, Shokoples BG, Schiffrin EL. Sex Differences in the Immune System in Relation to Hypertension and Vascular Disease. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:1828-1843. [PMID: 35597532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide. Despite intensive research into the mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension, it remains difficult to control blood pressure in a large proportion of patients. Young men have a higher prevalence of hypertension compared with age-matched women, and this holds true until approximately the fifth decade of life. Following the onset of menopause, the incidence of hypertension among women begins to surpass that of men. The immune system has been demonstrated to play a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension, and biological sex and sex hormones can affect the function of innate and adaptive immune cell populations. Recent studies in male and female animal models of hypertension have begun to unravel the relationship among sex, immunity, and hypertension. Hypertensive male animals show a bias toward proinflammatory T-cell subsets, including interleukin (IL) 17-producing TH17 cells, and increased renal infiltration of T cells and inflammatory macrophages. Conversely, premenopausal female animals are largely protected from hypertension, and have a predilection for anti-inflammatory T regulatory cells and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10. Menopause abrogates female protection from hypertension, which may be due to changes among anti-inflammatory T regulatory cell populations. Since development of novel treatments for hypertension has plateaued, determining the role of sex in the pathophysiology of hypertension may open new therapeutic avenues for both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Comeau
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brandon G Shokoples
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we focus on immune cell activation in obesity and cardiovascular disease, highlighting specific immune cell microenvironments present in individuals with atherosclerosis, non-ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and infectious diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity and cardiovascular disease are intimately linked and often characterized by inflammation and a cluster of metabolic complications. Compelling evidence from single-cell analysis suggests that obese adipose tissue is inflammatory and infiltrated by almost all immune cell populations. How this inflammatory tissue state contributes to more systemic conditions such as cardiovascular and infectious disease is less well understood. However, current research suggests that changes in the adipose tissue immune environment impact an individual's ability to combat illnesses such as influenza and SARS-CoV2. Obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent globally and is often associated with type 2 diabetes and heart disease. An increased inflammatory state is a major contributor to this association. Widespread chronic inflammation in these disease states is accompanied by an increase in both innate and adaptive immune cell activation. Acutely, these immune cell changes are beneficial as they sustain homeostasis as inflammation increases. However, persistent inflammation subsequently damages tissues and organs throughout the body. Future studies aimed at understanding the unique immune cell populations in each tissue compartment impacted by obesity may hold potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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23
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Sims BM, Goodlett BL, Allbee ML, Pickup EJ, Chiasson VL, Arenaz CM, Henley MR, Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Mitchell BM. Time restricted feeding decreases renal innate immune cells and blood pressure in hypertensive mice. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1960-8. [PMID: 35822591 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal innate immune cell accumulation and inflammation are associated with hypertension. Time restricted feeding (TRF) has been reported to decrease inflammation and blood pressure. Whether TRF can decrease blood pressure by decreasing renal innate immune cells in hypertension is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We determined whether TRF can decrease blood pressure in two separate mouse models of hypertension, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride-induced hypertension (LHTN) and salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHTN). Once hypertension was established after 2 days, TRF (12-h food/12-h no food) for 4 weeks significantly decreased systolic blood pressure in both LHTN and SSHTN mice despite no differences in the amount of food eaten or body weight between groups. Activated macrophages and dendritic cells in the kidneys of both LHTN and SSHTN mice were decreased significantly in mice that underwent TRF. This was associated with an improvement in kidney function (decreased serum creatinine, decreased fractional excretion of sodium, and increased creatinine clearance) which achieved significance in LHTN mice and trended towards improvement in SSHTN mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that TRF can significantly decrease renal innate immune cells and blood pressure in two mouse models of hypertension.
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24
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Wang H, Tian Y, Zhang Q, Liu W, Meng L, Jiang X, Xin Y. Essential role of Nrf2 in sulforaphane-induced protection against angiotensin II-induced aortic injury. Life Sci 2022; 306:120780. [PMID: 35839861 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the primary factors underlying angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced aortic damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important antioxidative stress factor. Sulforaphane (SFN), which is naturally found in cruciferous vegetables, is an Nrf2 agonist that is safe for oral administration. Here, we aimed to explore the potential of SFN in protecting against Ang II-induced aortic damage by upregulating Nrf2 expression via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β)/Fyn pathway. MAIN METHODS AND KEY FINDINGS Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J and Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice were injected with Ang II to induce aortic inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac remodeling (increased fibrosis and wall thickness). SFN treatment prevented aortic damage via Nrf2 activation in the WT mice. However, the protective effect of SFN on Ang II-induced aortic damage and upregulation of genes downstream of Nrf2 were not observed in Nrf2-KO mice. SFN induced the upregulation of aortic Nrf2 and inhibited the accumulation of ERK, GSK-3β, and Fyn in the nuclei. SIGNIFICANCE These results revealed that Nrf2 plays a central role in protecting against Ang II-induced aortic injury. Furthermore, SFN prevented Ang II-induced aortic damage by activating Nrf2 through the ERK/GSK-3β/Fyn pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Qihe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wenyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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25
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Ertuglu LA, Kirabo A. Dendritic Cell Epithelial Sodium Channel in Inflammation, Salt-Sensitive Hypertension, and Kidney Damage. Kidney360 2022; 3:1620-1629. [PMID: 36245645 PMCID: PMC9528365 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001272022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to different individual BP responses to changes in dietary salt remain elusive. Research in the last two decades revealed that the immune system plays a critical role in the development of hypertension and related end organ damage. Moreover, sodium accumulates nonosmotically in human tissue, including the skin and muscle, shifting the dogma on body sodium balance and its regulation. Emerging evidence suggests that high concentrations of extracellular sodium can directly trigger an inflammatory response in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to hypertension and vascular and renal injury. Importantly, sodium entry into APCs is mediated by the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Although the role of the ENaC in renal regulation of sodium excretion and BP is well established, these new findings imply that the ENaC may also exert BP modulatory effects in extrarenal tissue through an immune-dependent pathway. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive hypertension with a particular focus on the roles of APCs and the extrarenal ENaC.
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26
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Huang C, Lin Z, Liu X, Ding Q, Cai J, Zhang Z, Rose P, Zhu YZ, Georgieva M. HDAC4 Inhibitors as Antivascular Senescence Therapeutics. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022; 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35814270 PMCID: PMC9259336 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3087916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable consequence of life, and during this process, the epigenetic landscape changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation increases. Inevitably, these changes are common in many age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. In the current research, histone deacetylation 4 (HDAC4) was studied as a potential therapeutic target in vascular senescence. HDAC4 is a specific class II histone deacetylation protein that participates in epigenetic modifications and deacetylation of heat shock proteins and various transcription factors. There is increasing evidence to support that HDAC4 is a potential therapeutic target, and developments in the synthesis and testing of HDAC4 inhibitors are now gaining interest from academia and the pharmaceutical industry.
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27
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Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Smith HL, Arenaz CM, Goodlett BL, McDermott JG, Mitchell BM. Update on Immune Mechanisms in Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:842-851. [PMID: 35704473 PMCID: PMC9527774 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of immune cells in the initiation and maintenance of hypertension is undeniable. Several studies have established the association between hypertension, inflammation, and immune cells from the innate and adaptive immune systems. Here, we provide an update to our 2017 American Journal of Hypertension review on the overview of the cellular immune responses involved in hypertension. Further, we discuss the activation of immune cells and their contribution to the pathogenesis of hypertension in different in vivo models. We also highlight existing gaps in the field of hypertension that need attention. The main goal of this review is to provide a knowledge base for translational research to develop therapeutic strategies that can improve cardiovascular health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina M Arenaz
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Bethany L Goodlett
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Justin G McDermott
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
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Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Wilcox BK, Goodlett BL, Murphy MM, Mitchell BM. Hypertension Induces Gonadal Macrophage Imbalance, Inflammation, Lymphangiogenesis, and Dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022:CS20220117. [PMID: 35532133 DOI: 10.1042/CS20220117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is associated with gonadal dysfunction and impaired reproductive health in both men and women. An imbalance in the systemic and renal pro-inflammatory (M1)/anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage ratio, increased inflammation, and inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis have been observed in animals with HTN. However, the impact of HTN on gonadal macrophages, inflammation, and lymphatics remains obscure. We hypothesized that salt-sensitive HTN (SSHTN) and HTN alters gonadal macrophage polarization, which is associated with inflammation, inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis and reproductive dysfunction. Flow cytometry analyses revealed a significant increase in M1 macrophages in the testes of SSHTN and nitric oxide synthase inhibition-induced HTN (LHTN) mice, with a concurrent decrease in M2 macrophages in SSHTN mice yet an increase in M2 macrophages in LHTN mice. Ovaries from SSHTN mice exhibited increase in M1 and a decrease in M2 macrophages, while ovaries from LHTN mice had a significant increase in M2 and a decrease in M1 macrophages. Gene expression patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines revealed gonadal inflammation in all hypertensive mice. Increased lymphatic vessel density in the gonads of both male and female hypertensive mice was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining for LYVE-1. HTN adversely affected the expression pattern of steroidogenic enzymes, hormone receptors, and secretory proteins in both the testes and ovaries. In line with these results, male hypertensive mice also presented with decreased sperm concentration, and increased percentage of sperm with abnormal morphology, damaged acrosome, and non-functional mitochondrial activity. These data demonstrate that HTN alters gonadal macrophage polarization, which is associated with gonadal inflammation, inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis, and dysfunction.
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Hengel FE, Benitah JP, Wenzel UO. Mosaic theory revised: inflammation and salt play central roles in arterial hypertension. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:561-576. [PMID: 35354938 PMCID: PMC9061754 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosaic theory of hypertension was advocated by Irvine Page ~80 years ago and suggested that hypertension resulted from the close interactions of different causes. Increasing evidence indicates that hypertension and hypertensive end-organ damage are not only mediated by the proposed mechanisms that result in hemodynamic injury. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology and contributes to the deleterious consequences of arterial hypertension. Sodium intake is indispensable for normal body function but can be detrimental when it exceeds dietary requirements. Recent data show that sodium levels also modulate the function of monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and different T-cell subsets. Some of these effects are mediated by changes in the microbiome and metabolome due to high-salt intake. The purpose of this review is to propose a revised and extended version of the mosaic theory by summarizing and integrating recent advances in salt, immunity, and hypertension research. Salt and inflammation are placed in the middle of the mosaic because both factors influence each of the remaining pieces.
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Sydorchuk AR, Sydorchuk LP, Gutnitska AF, Dzhuryak VS, Kryvetska II, Sydorchuk RI, Ursuliak YV, Iftoda OM. Endothelium function biomarkers and carotid intima-media thickness changes in relation to NOS3 (rs2070744) and GNB3 (rs5443) genes polymorphism in the essential arterial hypertension. Endocr Regul 2022; 56:104-14. [PMID: 35489051 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of the present study was to clarify the endothelial function biomarkers and carotid "intima media" thickness (IMT) changes in relation to GNB3 (rs5443) and NOS3 (rs2070744) genes polymorphism in the essential arterial hypertension (EAH). Methods. One-hundred EAH patients (48 - control) participated in the case-control study. Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1), total NO metabolites (NO2 -+NO3 -), transcriptional activity of NOS3 gene, endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD BA), and carotid IMT were studied. GNB3 (rs5443) and NOS3 (rs2070744) genotyping was performed by TaqMan probes (CFX96™Real-Time PCR). Results. The connection of NOS3 (rs2070744) with decreased total NO metabolites (F=71.11; p<0.001), reduced NOS3 genes transcription activity (F=8.71; p<0.001) and increased sVCAM-1 (F=6.96; p=0.002), especially in the C-allele carriers (particularly in CC-genotype patients with lower NO - 16.46% and 40.88%; p<0.001), lowered the transcription activity of NOS3 gene - 46.03% 7 times (p<0.001), and become higher sVCAM-1 - 35.48% and 89.48% (p<0.001), respectively. ANOVA did not confirm the association of GNB3 (rs5443) gene with endothelial function and carotid IMT. Severe EAH was associated with increased carotid IMT - 50.0% (p<0.001) and 57.14% (p=0.007), wider carotid arteries - 17.36% (p=0.012) and 21.79% (p=0.004), and decreased NOS3 genes transcription activity - 34.54% (p=0.003). Atherosclerotic plaques were unilateral - 24.77% (χ2=5.35; p=0.021) or bilateral - 27.62% (χ2=5.79; p=0.016). IMT---gt---0.9 mm was followed by a higher BP (p<0.001), FMD BA 11.80% decrease with compensatory increase in carotid arteries diameters - 17.38% and 21.99% (p<0.001) and sVCAM-1 by 20.49% (p=0.005). Conclusion. NOS3 (rs2070744), but not GNB3 (rs5443), gene associated with the essential arterial hypertension severity relying upon the endothelial function impairment and NOS3 genes reduced transcription activity.
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31
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Emamat H, Mousavi SH, Kargar Shouraki J, Hazrati E, Mirghazanfari SM, Samizadeh E, Hosseini M, Hadi V, Hadi S. The effect of Nigella sativa oil on vascular dysfunction assessed by flow-mediated dilation and vascular-related biomarkers in subject with cardiovascular disease risk factors: A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2236-2245. [PMID: 35412685 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a marker of vascular function. Beneficial cardiometabolic effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) have been observed. We evaluated the effect of N. sativa oil on FMD, plasma nitrite, and nitrate (NOx) as nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and inflammatory markers in subjects with CVD risk factors. Fifty participants were randomly assigned to either the N. sativa (two capsules of 500 mg N. sativa oil) or the placebo group (two capsules of 500 mg mineral oil), for 2 months. The brachial FMD, plasma NOx, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured. FMD and plasma NOx levels was significantly increased in the N. sativa group compared to the placebo group (changes: 2.97 ± 2.11% vs. 0.71 ± 3.19%, p < 0.001 for FMD and 4.73 ± 7.25 μmol/L vs. 0.99 ± 5.37 μmol/L, p = 0.036 for plasma NOx). However, there was no significant difference in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels between groups. Therefore, N. sativa oil improves vascular NO and FMD in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. However, more studies are warranted to confirm the beneficial impacts of the N. sativa oil on vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Emamat
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Kargar Shouraki
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hazrati
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences
| | - Esmaeil Samizadeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Nutritionist, Emam Reza Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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32
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dos Passos Junior RR, Bomfim GF, Giachini FR, Tostes RC, Lima VV. O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Modification: Linking Hypertension and the Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852115. [PMID: 35371030 PMCID: PMC8967968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins dynamically regulates protein function, localization, stability, and interactions. This post-translational modification is intimately linked to cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. An increasing number of studies suggest that components of innate and adaptive immunity, active players in the pathophysiology of hypertension, are targets for O-GlcNAcylation. In this review, we highlight the potential roles of O-GlcNAcylation in the immune system and discuss how those immune targets of O-GlcNAcylation may contribute to arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Rodrigues dos Passos Junior
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda R. Giachini
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Victor Vitorino Lima,
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33
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Abstract
The lymphatic vessels play an essential role in maintaining immune and fluid homeostasis and in the transport of dietary lipids. The discovery of lymphatic endothelial cell-specific markers facilitated the visualization and mechanistic analysis of lymphatic vessels over the past two decades. As a result, lymphatic vessels have emerged as a crucial player in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, as demonstrated by worsened disease progression caused by perturbations to lymphatic function. In this review, we discuss the major findings on the role of lymphatic vessels in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshnapriya Balasubbramanian
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas 77807, USA
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34
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Yin L, Bai J, Yu WJ, Liu Y, Li HH, Lin QY. Blocking VCAM-1 Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Vascular Remodeling in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:825459. [PMID: 35222039 PMCID: PMC8866968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of monocytes to the vascular endothelium frequently leads to an inflammatory response, which contributes to hypertension and vascular remodeling. Vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) plays an important role in leukocyte adhesion and migration during inflammatory diseases. However, its role in angiotensin (Ang) II -induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction remains largely unknown. Wild-type (WT) mice were administered a VCAM-1 neutralizing antibody (0.1 or 0.2 mg/mouse/day) or IgG control and then infused with Ang II (490 ng kg−1 min−1) or saline continuously for 14 days. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured with a tail-cuff system, pathological changes in the aorta were assessed by histological staining, and vascular relaxation was analyzed an aortic ring assay. Our results indicated that compared with saline infusion, Ang II infusion significantly upregulated VCAM-1 expression in the mouse aorta and serum. Moreover, Ang II infusion markedly increased arterial hypertension, wall thickness, fibrosis, infiltration of Mac-2+ macrophages, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and vascular relaxation dysfunction. Conversely, blockade of VCAM-1 with a neutralizing antibody substantially alleviated these effects. In vitro experiments further confirmed that the VCAM-1 neutralizing antibody inhibited Ang II-induced macrophage adhesion and migration and DNA damage and oxidative stress in endothelial cells (ECs). In conclusion, these results indicate that blockade of VCAM-1 exerts a protective effect against Ang II-induced arterial hypertension and dysfunction by regulating monocytes adhesion and infiltration into the endothelium and represents a novel therapeutic approach for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqingqing Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei-Jia Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui-Hua Li, ; Qiu-Yue Lin,
| | - Qiu-Yue Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Hui-Hua Li, ; Qiu-Yue Lin,
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35
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Abstract
Low-grade inflammatory processes and related oxidative stress may have a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and hypertension-mediated organ damage. Innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, as well as unconventional T lymphocytes like γδ T cells contribute to hypertension and may trigger vascular inflammation. Adaptive immunity has been demonstrated to participate in elevation of blood pressure and in vascular and kidney injury. In particular, effector T lymphocytes (Th1, Th2, and Th17) may play a relevant role in promoting hypertension and microvascular remodeling, whereas T-regulatory lymphocytes may have a protective role. Effector cytokines produced by these immune cells lead to increased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and contribute to target organ damage in hypertension. A possible role of immune cell subpopulations in the development and regression of microvascular remodeling has also been proposed in humans with hypertension. The present review summarizes the key immune mechanisms that may participate in the pathophysiology of hypertension-mediated inflammation and vascular remodeling; advances in this field may provide the basis for novel therapeutics for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Rizzoni
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (D.R., C.D.C.).,Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Italy (D.R.)
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (D.R., C.D.C.)
| | - Piotr Szczepaniak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.S., T.J.G.).,Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (P.S., T.J.G.)
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Québec, Canada (P.P., E.L.S.)
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Québec, Canada (P.P., E.L.S.).,Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada (E.L.S.)
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.S., T.J.G.).,Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (P.S., T.J.G.)
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Wang C, Wu H, Xing Y, Ye Y, He F, Yin Q, Li Y, Shang F, Shyy JYJ, Yuan ZY. Endothelial-derived extracellular microRNA-92a promotes arterial stiffness by regulating phenotype changes of vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:344. [PMID: 35013491 PMCID: PMC8748448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plasticity are critically involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and arterial stiffness. MicroRNAs can mediate the cellular communication between vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and neighboring cells. Here, we investigated the role of endothelial-derived extracellular microRNA-92a (miR-92a) in promoting arterial stiffness by regulating EC-VSMC communication. Serum miR-92a level was higher in hypertensive patients than controls. Circulating miR-92a level was positively correlated with pulse wave velocity (PWV), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) level, but inversely with serum nitric oxide (NO) level. In vitro, angiotensin II (Ang II)-increased miR-92a level in ECs mediated a contractile-to-synthetic phenotype change of co-cultured VSMCs. In Ang II-infused mice, locked nucleic acid-modified antisense miR-92a (LNA-miR-92a) ameliorated PWV, SBP, DBP, and impaired vasodilation induced by Ang II. LNA-miR-92a administration also reversed the increased levels of proliferative genes and decreased levels of contractile genes induced by Ang II in mouse aortas. Circulating serum miR-92a level and PWV were correlated in these mice. These findings indicate that EC miR-92a may be transported to VSMCs via extracellular vesicles to regulate phenotype changes of VSMCs, leading to arterial stiffness.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Communication
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Exosomes/genetics
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Exosomes/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phenotype
- Prospective Studies
- Vascular Stiffness
- Vasodilation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanming Xing
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulan Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an GaoXin Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangzhou He
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujin Li
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwestern University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fenqing Shang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Cortez A, Muxfeldt E. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and hypertension: An overview. Hipertens Riesgo Vasc 2021:S1889-1837(21)00074-X. [PMID: 34969653 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been increasingly studied through early inflammatory biomarkers. The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is the main chemokine implicated in the inflammatory endothelial process, attracting monocytes and macrophages to the atherosclerotic plaque. METHODS We reviewed the main observational studies that have analyzed serum MCP-1 in patients with hypertension regardless of CVD, relating them to target organ damage (TOD). RESULTS As endothelial dysfunction continues and TOD accumulates, MCP-1 has been perpetuated at higher levels. The relationship between this chemokine and the increase in comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and coronary artery disease, became clearer from the observational studies. However, patients with such morbidities use medications with potential anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION There is no normal threshold of MCP-1 for the healthy population, nor a uniform curve pattern, due to a balance between genetic factors, age, gender, comorbidities, TOD, and anti-inflammatory effects of drugs. In fact, MCP-1 seems to have a promising role as a tool for further improvement in cardiovascular risk stratification, as prognostic studies have demonstrated an association with fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes, regardless of other clinical and laboratory predictors.
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van der Heijden CDCC, Bode M, Riksen NP, Wenzel UO. The role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in immune cells in in cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3135-3151. [PMID: 34935128 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation and immune cell activation are important mechanisms in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, targeted immunosuppression is a promising novel therapy to lower cardiovascular risk. In this review, we identify the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) on immune cells as a potential target to modulate inflammation. The MR is present in almost all cells of the cardiovascular system, including immune cells. Activation of the MR in innate and adaptive immune cells induces inflammation which can contribute to CVD, by inducing endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Moreover, it accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation and destabilization and impairs tissue regeneration after ischemic events. Identifying the molecular targets for these non-renal actions of the MR provide promising novel cardiovascular drug targets for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), which are currently mainly applied in hypertension and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlies Bode
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich O Wenzel
- III. Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a disorder that affects 11% of the world's population, is characterized by an acceleration in skeletal, immune, renal, and cardiovascular aging that increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality by 10- to 20-fold, compared to that in individuals with normal renal function. For more than two decades, the progressive impairment in renal capacity to maintain normal circulating levels of the hormonal form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or calcitriol) was considered the main contributor to the reduced survival of CKD patients. Accordingly, calcitriol administration was the treatment of choice to attenuate the progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and its adverse impact on bone health and vascular calcification. The development of calcitriol analogs, designed to mitigate the resistance to calcitriol suppression of PTH associated with CKD progression, demonstrated survival benefits unrelated to the control of SHPT or skeletal health. The exhaustive search for the pathophysiology behind survival benefits associated with active vitamin D analogs has identified novel anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-aging actions of the vitamin D endocrine system. A major paradigm shift regarding the use of calcitriol or active vitamin D analogs to improve survival in CKD patients emerged upon demonstration of a high prevalence of vitamin D (not calcitriol) deficiency at all stages of CKD and, more significantly, that maintaining serum levels of the calcitriol precursor, 25(OH)vitamin D, above 23 ng/ml delayed CKD progression. The cause of vitamin D deficiency in CKD, however, is unclear since vitamin D bioactivation to 25(OH)D occurs mostly at the liver. Importantly, neither calcitriol nor its analogs can correct vitamin D deficiency. The goals of this chapter are to present our current understanding of the pathogenesis of vitamin D deficiency in CKD and of the causal link between defective vitamin D bioactivation to calcitriol and the onset of molecular pathways that promote CKD progression independently of the degree of SHPT. An understanding of these mechanisms will highlight the need for identification of novel sensitive biomarkers to assess the efficacy of interventions with vitamin D and/or calcitriol(analogs) to ameliorate CKD progression in a PTH-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S. Dusso
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kevin T. Bauerle
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Van Beusecum JP, Barbaro NR, Smart CD, Patrick DM, Loperena R, Zhao S, de la Visitacion N, Ao M, Xiao L, Shibao CA, Harrison DG. Growth Arrest Specific-6 and Axl Coordinate Inflammation and Hypertension. Circ Res 2021; 129:975-991. [PMID: 34565181 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Van Beusecum
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.P.V.B., N.R.B., D.M.P., N.d.l.V., M.A., L.X., C.A.S., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Natalia R Barbaro
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.P.V.B., N.R.B., D.M.P., N.d.l.V., M.A., L.X., C.A.S., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Charles D Smart
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (C.D.S., D.G.H.)
| | - David M Patrick
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.P.V.B., N.R.B., D.M.P., N.d.l.V., M.A., L.X., C.A.S., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Divison of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (D.M.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Roxana Loperena
- Vanderbilt Institute of Clinical and Translational Research (R.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Vanderbilt Center for Quantitative Sciences (S.Z.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nestor de la Visitacion
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.P.V.B., N.R.B., D.M.P., N.d.l.V., M.A., L.X., C.A.S., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Mingfang Ao
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.P.V.B., N.R.B., D.M.P., N.d.l.V., M.A., L.X., C.A.S., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Liang Xiao
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.P.V.B., N.R.B., D.M.P., N.d.l.V., M.A., L.X., C.A.S., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Cyndya A Shibao
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.P.V.B., N.R.B., D.M.P., N.d.l.V., M.A., L.X., C.A.S., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David G Harrison
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (J.P.V.B., N.R.B., D.M.P., N.d.l.V., M.A., L.X., C.A.S., D.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (C.D.S., D.G.H.)
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Deng L, Liu W, Xu Q, Guo R, Zhang D, Ni J, Li L, Cai X, Fan G, Zhao Y. Tianma Gouteng Decoction regulates oxidative stress and inflammation in AngII-induced hypertensive mice via transcription factor EB to exert anti-hypertension effect. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112383. [PMID: 34736077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the important causes of cardiovascular diseases, and the imbalance of vascular homeostasis caused by oxidative stress and endothelial inflammation occurs throughout hypertension pathogenesis. Therefore, inhibiting oxidative stress and endothelial inflammation is important for treating hypertension. Tianma Gouteng Decoction (TGD) is a Chinese herbal medicine that is commonly used to treat hypertension in China, and demonstrates clinically effective antihypertensive effects. However, its blood pressure reduction mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we further determined the antihypertensive effects of TGD and revealed its underlying mechanism. We established an AngII-induced hypertension mice model, which was treated with TGD for six weeks. We monitored blood pressure, heart rate, and body weight every week. After six weeks, we detected changes in the structure and function of the heart, the structure of blood vessels, and vasomotor factors. We also detected the expression of oxidative stress and inflammation-related genes. We found that TGD can significantly reduce blood pressure, improve cardiac structure and function, and reverse vascular remodeling, which could be due to the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. We also found that the effect of inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation could be related to the up-regulation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) expression by TGD. Therefore, we used AAV9 to knock down TFEB and observe the role of TFEB in TGD's antihypertensive and cardiovascular protection properties. We found that after TFEB knockdown, the protective effect of TGD on blood pressure and cardiovascular remodeling in AngII-induced hypertensive mice was inhibited, and that it was unable to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, our study demonstrated for the first time that TGD could exert anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects through TFEB and reverse the cardiovascular remodeling caused by hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Deng
- Second affiliated hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Second affiliated hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- Second affiliated hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Qinhuangdao Haigang Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyue Cai
- Second affiliated hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingqiang Zhao
- Second affiliated hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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42
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Kotla S, Zhang A, Imanishi M, Ko KA, Lin SH, Gi YJ, Moczygemba M, Isgandarova S, Schadler KL, Chung C, Milgrom SA, Banchs J, Yusuf SW, Amaya DN, Guo H, Thomas TN, Shen YH, Deswal A, Herrmann J, Kleinerman ES, Entman ML, Cooke JP, Schifitto G, Maggirwar SB, McBeath E, Gupte AA, Krishnan S, Patel ZS, Yoon Y, Burks JK, Fujiwara K, Brookes PS, Le NT, Hamilton DJ, Abe JI. Nucleus-mitochondria positive feedback loop formed by ERK5 S496 phosphorylation-mediated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation provokes persistent pro-inflammatory senescent phenotype and accelerates coronary atherosclerosis after chemo-radiation. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102132. [PMID: 34619528 PMCID: PMC8502954 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is higher in cancer survivors than in the general population. Several cancer treatments are recognized as risk factors for CVD, but specific therapies are unavailable. Many cancer treatments activate shared signaling events, which reprogram myeloid cells (MCs) towards persistent senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and consequently CVD, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to provide mechanistic insights and potential treatments by investigating how chemo-radiation can induce persistent SASP. We generated ERK5 S496A knock-in mice and determined SASP in myeloid cells (MCs) by evaluating their efferocytotic ability, antioxidation-related molecule expression, telomere length, and inflammatory gene expression. Candidate SASP inducers were identified by high-throughput screening, using the ERK5 transcriptional activity reporter cell system. Various chemotherapy agents and ionizing radiation (IR) up-regulated p90RSK-mediated ERK5 S496 phosphorylation. Doxorubicin and IR caused metabolic changes with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion and ensuing mitochondrial stunning (reversible mitochondria dysfunction without showing any cell death under ATP depletion) via p90RSK-ERK5 modulation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, which formed a nucleus-mitochondria positive feedback loop. This feedback loop reprogramed MCs to induce a sustained SASP state, and ultimately primed MCs to be more sensitive to reactive oxygen species. This priming was also detected in circulating monocytes from cancer patients after IR. When PARP activity was transiently inhibited at the time of IR, mitochondrial stunning, priming, macrophage infiltration, and coronary atherosclerosis were all eradicated. The p90RSK-ERK5 module plays a crucial role in SASP-mediated mitochondrial stunning via regulating PARP activation. Our data show for the first time that the nucleus-mitochondria positive feedback loop formed by p90RSK-ERK5 S496 phosphorylation-mediated PARP activation plays a crucial role of persistent SASP state, and also provide preclinical evidence supporting that transient inhibition of PARP activation only at the time of radiation therapy can prevent future CVD in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Young Jin Gi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Margie Moczygemba
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sevinj Isgandarova
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keri L Schadler
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah A Milgrom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jose Banchs
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Syed Wamique Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diana N Amaya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huifang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamlyn N Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardio Oncology Clinic, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eugenie S Kleinerman
- Department of Pediatric Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elena McBeath
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anisha A Gupte
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Yisang Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Center Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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43
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Van Beusecum JP, Moreno H, Harrison DG. Innate immunity and clinical hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2021. [PMID: 34689174 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has supported a role of inflammation and immunity in the genesis of hypertension. In humans and experimental models of hypertension, cells of the innate and adaptive immune system enter target tissues, including vessels and the kidney, and release powerful mediators including cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species that cause tissue damage, fibrosis and dysfunction. These events augment the blood pressure elevations in hypertension and promote end-organ damage. Factors that activate immune cells include sympathetic outflow, increased sodium within microenvironments where these cells reside, and signals received from the vasculature. In particular, the activated endothelium releases reactive oxygen species and interleukin (IL)-6 which in turn stimulate transformation of monocytes to become antigen presenting cells and produce cytokines like IL-1β and IL-23, which further affect T cell function to produce IL-17A. Genetic deletion or neutralization of these cytokines ameliorates hypertension and end-organ damage. In this review, we will consider in depth features of the hypertensive milieu that lead to these events and consider new treatment approaches to limit the untoward effects of inflammation in hypertension.
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44
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Dhande IS, Doris PA. Genomics and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2433-2454. [PMID: 34570903 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cardiovascular diseases are associated with inflammatory responses within the blood vessels and end organs. The origin of this inflammation has not been certain, and neither is its relationship to disease clear. There is a need to determine whether this association is causal or coincidental to the processes leading to cardiovascular disease. These processes are themselves complex: many cardiovascular diseases arise in conjunction with the presence of sustained elevation of blood pressure. Inflammatory processes have been linked to hypertension, and causality has been suggested. Evidence of causality poses the difficult challenge of linking the integrated and multifaceted biology of blood pressure regulation with vascular function and complex elements of immune system function. These include both, innate and adaptive immunity, as well as interactions between the host immune system and the omnipresent microorganisms that are encountered in the environment and that colonize and exist in commensal relationship with the host. Progress has been made in this task and has drawn on experimental approaches in animals, much of which have focused on hypertension occurring with prolonged infusion of angiotensin II. These laboratory studies are complemented by studies that seek to inform disease mechanism by examining the genomic basis of heritable disease susceptibility in human populations. In this realm too, evidence has emerged that implicates genetic variation affecting immunity in disease pathogenesis. In this article, we survey the genetic and genomic evidence linking high blood pressure and its end-organ injuries to immune system function and examine evidence that genomic factors can influence disease risk. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-22, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha S Dhande
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter A Doris
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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45
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2021 Distinguished Scientists of the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2021; 78:1158-60. [PMID: 34455815 DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jama HA, Muralitharan RR, Xu C, O'Donnell JA, Bertagnolli M, Broughton BRS, Head GA, Marques FZ. Rodent models of hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:918-937. [PMID: 34363610 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP), or hypertension, is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease. As a multifactorial and systemic disease that involves multiple organs and systems, hypertension remains a challenging disease to study. Models of hypertension are invaluable to support the discovery of the specific genetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying essential hypertension, as well as to test new possible treatments to lower BP. Rodent models have proven to be an invaluable tool for advancing the field. In this review, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of rodent models of hypertension through a systems approach. We highlight the ways how target organs and systems including the kidneys, vasculature, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), immune system and the gut microbiota influence BP in each rodent model. We also discuss often overlooked hypertensive conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and hypertensive-pregnancy disorders, providing an important resource for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi A Jama
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rikeish R Muralitharan
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chudan Xu
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne A O'Donnell
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mariane Bertagnolli
- Laboratory of Maternal-child Health, Hospital Sacre-Coeur Research Center, CIUSSS Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bradley R S Broughton
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Birk M, Baum E, Zadeh JK, Manicam C, Pfeiffer N, Patzak A, Helmstädter J, Steven S, Kuntic M, Daiber A, Gericke A. Angiotensin II Induces Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Mouse Ophthalmic Arteries via Involvement of AT1 Receptors and NOX2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081238. [PMID: 34439486 PMCID: PMC8389243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various age-dependent ocular diseases. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that Ang II induces endothelial dysfunction in mouse ophthalmic arteries and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Ophthalmic arteries were exposed to Ang II in vivo and in vitro to determine vascular function by video microscopy. Moreover, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified and the expression of prooxidant redox genes and proteins was determined. The endothelium-dependent artery responses were blunted after both in vivo and in vitro exposure to Ang II. The Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, candesartan, and the ROS scavenger, Tiron, prevented Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction. ROS levels and NOX2 expression were increased following Ang II incubation. Remarkably, Ang II failed to induce endothelial dysfunction in ophthalmic arteries from NOX2-deficient mice. Following Ang II incubation, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was mainly mediated by cytochrome P450 oxygenase (CYP450) metabolites, while the contribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) pathways became negligible. These findings provide evidence that Ang II induces endothelial dysfunction in mouse ophthalmic arteries via AT1R activation and NOX2-dependent ROS formation. From a clinical point of view, the blockade of AT1R signaling and/or NOX2 may be helpful to retain or restore endothelial function in ocular blood vessels in certain ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Birk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ewa Baum
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
- Department of Social Sciences and the Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Rokietnicka 7, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jenia Kouchek Zadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Caroline Manicam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Johanna Helmstädter
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Building 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (J.H.); (S.S.); (M.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (J.K.Z.); (C.M.); (N.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-613-117-8276
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Troncoso MF, Ortiz-Quintero J, Garrido-Moreno V, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Guerrero-Moncayo A, Chiong M, Castro PF, García L, Gabrielli L, Corbalán R, Garrido-Olivares L, Lavandero S. VCAM-1 as a predictor biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166170. [PMID: 34000374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a protein that canonically participates in the adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes to the interstitium during inflammation. VCAM-1 expression, together with soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) induced by the shedding of VCAM-1 by metalloproteinases, have been proposed as biomarkers in immunological diseases, cancer, autoimmune myocarditis, and as predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (HF), endothelial injury in patients with coronary artery disease, and arrhythmias. This revision aims to discuss the role of sVCAM-1 as a biomarker to predict the occurrence, development, and preservation of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayarling Francisca Troncoso
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jafet Ortiz-Quintero
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Bioanalysis & Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Valeria Garrido-Moreno
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Guerrero-Moncayo
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Corbalán
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Garrido-Olivares
- Division of Surgery, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Liberale L, Montecucco F, Tardif JC, Libby P, Camici GG. Inflamm-ageing: the role of inflammation in age-dependent cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2974-2982. [PMID: 32006431 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing worldwide increase in life expectancy portends a rising prevalence of age-related cardiovascular (CV) diseases in the coming decades that demands a deeper understanding of their molecular mechanisms. Inflammation has recently emerged as an important contributor for CV disease development. Indeed, a state of chronic sterile low-grade inflammation characterizes older organisms (also known as inflamm-ageing) and participates pivotally in the development of frailty, disability, and most chronic degenerative diseases including age-related CV and cerebrovascular afflictions. Due to chronic activation of inflammasomes and to reduced endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms, inflamm-ageing contributes to the activation of leucocytes, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells, thus accelerating vascular ageing and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, inflamm-ageing promotes the development of catastrophic athero-thrombotic complications by enhancing platelet reactivity and predisposing to plaque rupture and erosion. Thus, inflamm-ageing and its contributors or molecular mediators might furnish targets for novel therapeutic strategies that could promote healthy ageing and conserve resources for health care systems worldwide. Here, we discuss recent findings in the pathophysiology of inflamm-ageing, the impact of these processes on the development of age-related CV diseases, results from clinical trials targeting its components and the potential implementation of these advances into daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, v.le Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, v.le Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montreal, Rue Bélanger 5000, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Francis Street 75, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Emamat H, Asadian S, Zahedmehr A, Ghanavati M, Nasrollahzadeh J. The effect of barberry (Berberis vulgaris) consumption on flow-mediated dilation and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2607-2615. [PMID: 33350540 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is considered as an important cardiovascular risk factor and evidence suggests that hypertension and endothelial dysfunction reinforce each other. Polyphenol-rich foods, such as barberry can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate the effects of barberry consumption on vascular function and inflammatory markers in hypertensive subject. In this randomized controlled parallel trial, 84 hypertensive subjects of both genders (aged 54.06 ± 10.19 years; body mass index 28.02 ± 2.18 kg/m2 ) were randomly allocated to consume barberry (10 g/day dried barberry) or placebo for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, changes in brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and plasma macrophage/monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Compared to placebo (n = 42), barberry consumption (n = 42) improved FMD (B [95% CI] was 6.54% [4.39, 8.70]; p < .001) and decreased plasma ICAM-1 (B [95% CI] was -1.61 ng/ml [-2.74, -0.48]; p = .006). MCP-1 was significantly lower in the barberry group compared with the placebo group (B [95% CI] was -37.62 pg/ml [-72.07, -3.17]; p = .033). Our results indicate that barberry consumption improves FMD and has a beneficial effect on plasma ICAM-1 and MCP-1 in hypertensive patients. This trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (IRCT) with number IRCT20160702028742N8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Emamat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Asadian
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahedmehr
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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