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Kullaya VI, Temba GS, Vadaq N, Njau J, Boahen CK, Nkambule BB, Thibord F, Chen MH, Pecht T, Lyamuya F, Kumar V, Netea MG, Mmbaga BT, van der Ven A, Johnson AD, de Mast Q. Genetic and nongenetic drivers of platelet reactivity in healthy Tanzanian individuals. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:805-817. [PMID: 38029856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets play a key role in hemostasis, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. Platelet reactivity is highly variable between individuals. The drivers of this variability in populations from Sub-Saharan Africa remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the nongenetic and genetic determinants of platelet reactivity in healthy adults living in a rapidly urbanizing area in Northern Tanzania. METHODS Platelet activation and reactivity were measured by platelet P-selectin expression and the binding of fibrinogen in unstimulated blood and after ex vivo stimulation with adenosine diphosphate and PAR-1 and PAR-4 ligands. We then analyzed the associations of platelet parameters with host genetic and nongenetic factors, environmental factors, plasma inflammatory markers, and plasma metabolites. RESULTS Only a few associations were found between platelet reactivity parameters and plasma inflammatory markers and nongenetic host and environmental factors. In contrast, untargeted plasma metabolomics revealed a large number of associations with food-derived metabolites, including phytochemicals that were previously reported to inhibit platelet reactivity. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping identified 2 novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs903650 and rs4789332) that were associated with platelet reactivity at the genome-wide level (P < 5 × 10-8) as well as a number of variants in the PAR4 gene (F2RL3) that were associated with PAR4-induced reactivity. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered factors that determine variation in platelet reactivity in a population in East Africa that is rapidly transitioning to an urban lifestyle, including the importance of genetic ancestry and the gradual abandoning of the traditional East African diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesla I Kullaya
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Godfrey S Temba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nadira Vadaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Njau
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Collins K Boahen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Florian Thibord
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tal Pecht
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Furaha Lyamuya
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Pediatrics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Andre van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Zhang Y, Zeng M, Zhang X, Yu Q, Zeng W, Yu B, Gan J, Zhang S, Jiang X. Does an apple a day keep away diseases? Evidence and mechanism of action. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4926-4947. [PMID: 37701204 PMCID: PMC10494637 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apples and their products exemplify the recently reemphasized link between dietary fruit intake and the alleviation of human disease. Their consumption does indeed improve human health due to their high phytochemical content. To identify potentially relevant articles from clinical trials, some epidemiological studies and meta-analyses, and in vitro and in vivo studies (cell cultures and animal models), PubMed was searched from January 1, 2012, to May 15, 2022. This review summarized the potential effects of apple and apple products (juices, puree, pomace, dried apples, extracts rich in apple bioactives and single apple bioactives) on health. Apples and apple products have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, cancer, as well as mild cognitive impairment and promote hair growth, healing of burn wounds, improve the oral environment, prevent niacin-induced skin flushing, promote the relief of UV-induced skin pigmentation, and improve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis as well as cedar hay fever among others. These effects are associated with various mechanisms, such as vascular endothelial protection, blood lipids lowering, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-invasion, and antimetastatic effects. Meanwhile, it has provided an important reference for the application and development of medicine, nutrition, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Qun Yu
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Department of PathologyTianjin Union Medical CenterTianjinChina
| | - Bin Yu
- School of International EducationTianjin University of Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Department of PathologyTianjin Union Medical CenterTianjinChina
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
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Ablat N, Ablimit M, Abudoukadier A, Kadeer B, Maihemuti A, Bakewaiyi A, Tuerxun A, Aihemaiti A. Liver protection and hemostatic effects of medicinal plant Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst extract in a rat model. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 300:115739. [PMID: 36126784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst. (AE) is a Chinese medicinal herb that is traditionally used to treat various circulatory diseases. It exhibits certain effects, such as the promotion of blood circulation and cooling, rash clearance, and detoxification. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to explore the hepatoprotective and hemostatic effects of the ethyl acetate extract of AE in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were treated via oral gavage with different doses of the ethyl acetate extract of AE (3.5, 7, or 14 g kg-1·day-1) for 14 consecutive days, following which hemostatic and liver function tests were conducted. For the hemostatic tests, the platelet count, blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, platelet factor 4 (PF-4) secretion from blood platelets, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen levels were measured at the end of the treatment period. For the liver function tests, 0.25 mL/200 g (1.25 mL kg-1·day-1) of olive oil was injected into the abdominal cavity of the control rats, whereas 15% CCl4 plus olive oil (prescription: 7.5 mL CCl4 + 42.5 olive oil) was injected into that of the treated rats at 1 h after extract administration on day 6, 13, and 20. Additionally, food and water were withheld from all the animals. On the following day, the rats were anesthetized and their albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels among the groups were determined using a one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The platelet count and blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen and PF-4 secretion levels were significantly increased in the (3.5 g kg-1 day-1) AE group as compared to those in the control group (all p < 0.001; for the 7 and 14 g kg-1 day-1 AE groups, all p > 0.05, respectively). Although the PT and aPTT were not affected by the AE extract (all p > 0.05), the TT was reduced and the FIB levels were significantly increased in all AE groups (p < 0.05). Liver function tests showed that CCl4 caused significant liver damage, thereby decreasing the albumin, SOD, CAT, GSH, GST, GR, and GPx levels, while increasing the AST, ALT, ALP, SGOT, SGPT, GGT, LDH, ROS, and MDA levels (all p < 0.001). By contrast, treatment with the different doses of AE extract reversed the CCl4 effects on all these parameters. Compared with the levels in the CCl4 group, the GSH and GR levels in the three AE groups (3.5, 7, and 14 g kg-1·day-1) were significantly higher (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas the differences in the other parameters for these three groups were all at the significance levels of p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AE extracts administered orally exhibited hepatoprotective activity by affecting platelet production and blood coagulation and ameliorating liver function-damaging modifications. Specifically, a dosage of 3.5 g kg-1·day-1 resulted in the most optimal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuramatjan Ablat
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Mihray Ablimit
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Shache County Dunbag Township Health Center, 844700, China.
| | - Abudoureheman Abudoukadier
- Department of Cardiology, Urumqi City Friendship Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830049, China.
| | - Buhaiqiemu Kadeer
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| | - Abulaitijiang Maihemuti
- Department of Laboratory, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Alibati Bakewaiyi
- Department of Laboratory, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Atike Tuerxun
- Department of Pharmacy, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Hetian Region, Hetian, 848000, China.
| | - Adilijiang Aihemaiti
- Department of Laboratory, Uyghur Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhang D, Tan P, Xian B, Jiang H, Wu Q, Huang X, Zhang P, Xiao X, Pei J. Mechanism of platelet activation and potential therapeutic effects of natural drugs. Phytomedicine 2023; 108:154463. [PMID: 36347177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is one of the most concerning chronic diseases in the world. Many studies have shown that platelet overactivation is a very important factor in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. At present, the widely used antiplatelet drugs have some defects, such as drug resistance and adverse reactions. PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to summarize the main mechanisms and pathways of platelet activation, the main targets of antiplatelet aggregation, and the antiplatelet aggregation components of natural drugs and their mechanisms of action to provide new research ideas for the development and application of antiplatelet drugs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this review, we systematically searched the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI databases and selected studies based on predefined eligibility criteria. We then assessed their quality and extracted data. RESULTS ADP, AA, THR, AF, collagen, SDF-1α, and Ca2+ can induce platelet aggregation and trigger thrombosis. Natural drugs have a good inhibitory effect on platelet activation. More than 50 kinds of natural drugs and over 120 kinds of chemical compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, coumarins, and organic acids, have significantly inhibited platelet activation activity. The MAPK pathway, cGMP-PKG pathway, cAMP-PKA pathway, PI3K-AKT pathway, PTK pathway, PLC pathway, and AA pathway are the main mechanisms and pathways of platelet activation. CONCLUSION Natural drugs and their active ingredients have shown good activity and application prospects in anti-platelet aggregation. We hope that this review provides new research ideas for the development and application of antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huajuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xulong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Medical Supplies Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100036, China.
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Liver Disease, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 10039, China.
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Kriek N, Nock SH, Sage T, Khalifa B, Bye AP, Mitchell JL, Thomson S, McLaughlin MG, Jones S, Gibbins JM, Unsworth AJ. Cucurbitacins Elicit Anti-Platelet Activity via Perturbation of the Cytoskeleton and Integrin Function. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1115-1129. [PMID: 35253142 PMCID: PMC9385249 DOI: 10.1055/a-1788-5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are dietary compounds that have been shown to elicit a range of anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Originally identified as signal transducer and activator of transcription, STAT, inhibitors, a variety of mechanisms of action have since been described, including dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton and disruption of integrin function. Integrin outside-in signalling and cytoskeletal rearrangements are critical for the propagation of stable thrombus formation and clot retraction following platelet adhesion at the site of vessel damage. The effects of cucurbitacins on platelet function and thrombus formation are unknown. We report for the first time anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects of cucurbitacins B, E and I in human platelets. Treatment of platelets with cucurbitacins resulted in attenuation of platelet aggregation, secretion and fibrinogen binding following stimulation by platelet agonists. Cucurbitacins were also found to potently inhibit other integrin- and cytoskeleton-mediated events, including adhesion, spreading and clot retraction. Further investigation of cytoskeletal dynamics found treatment with cucurbitacins altered cofilin phosphorylation, enhanced activation and increased F actin polymerisation and microtubule assembly. Disruption to cytoskeletal dynamics has been previously shown to impair integrin activation, platelet spreading and clot retraction. Anti-platelet properties of cucurbitacins were found to extend to a disruption of stable thrombus formation, with an increase in thrombi instability and de-aggregation under flow. Our research identifies novel, anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic actions of cucurbitacins that appear to be linked to dysregulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neline Kriek
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie H. Nock
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Sage
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Badrija Khalifa
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P. Bye
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L. Mitchell
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Thomson
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G. McLaughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M. Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Irfan M, Kwon TH, Kwon HW, Rhee MH. Pharmacological actions of Dieckol on modulation of platelet functions and thrombus formation via integrin α IIbβ 3 and cAMP signaling. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106088. [PMID: 35038555 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dieckol is a phlorotannin that can be found in seaweeds, particularly in Eisenia bicyclis (brown algae) and is known to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties. It also possesses anti-thrombotic and pro-fibrinolytic activities; however, the mechanistic aspects of anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic activity are yet to be explored. STUDY DESIGN and Methodology: We investigated the pharmacological effects of dieckol on the modulation of platelet functions using human, rat, and mice models. Inhibitory effects of dieckol on platelet aggregation were assessed using platelet-rich plasma and washed platelets, followed by measurement of dense granule secretions, fibrinogen binding to integrin αIIbβ3, fibronectin adhesion assay, platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen, and clot retraction. Cyclic nucleotide signaling events were evaluated, such as cyclic-AMP production followed by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) stimulation. The in vivo anti-thrombotic potential was evaluated in mice using an acute pulmonary thromboembolism model and tail bleeding assay. RESULTS Dieckol markedly inhibited platelet aggregation and granule secretion; furthermore, it down-regulated integrin αIIbβ3-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling events, including platelet adhesion, spreading, and clot retraction, whereas it upregulated the cAMP-PKA-VASP pathway. Dieckol-treated mice significantly survived the thrombosis than vehicle treated mice, without affecting hemostasis. Histological examinations of lungs revealed minimum occluded vasculature in dieckol-treated mice. CONCLUSION Dieckol possesses strong anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic properties and is a potential therapeutic drug candidate to treat and prevent platelet-related cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, IL, USA
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Chuncheon Bio Industry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Woo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Far East University, Eumseong 27601, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Ablat N, Ablimit M, Abudoukadier A, Kadeer B, Yang L. Investigating the hemostatic effect of medicinal plant Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst extract in a mouse model. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 278:114306. [PMID: 34111535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst (AE) has been reported to be a potentially useful medicinal herb for the treatment of several circulatory diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. It shows effects such as "cooling of the blood," promotion of blood circulation, detoxification, and rash clearance. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the hemostatic effect of the ethyl acetate extract of AE in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we explored the effects of AE on bleeding time, blood coagulation time, platelet count, and blood coagulation parameters in normal Kunming mice. Different doses of the AE extract (5, 10, and 20 g kg-1·day-1) were administered to mice for 14 days. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na at 0.5%) and Yunnan Baiyao (0.8 g kg-1·day-1) were administered as negative and positive control treatments, respectively. Bleeding time, blood coagulation time, platelet count, blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, platelet factor 4 (PF-4) secretions from blood platelets, and blood coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB) levels were measured on day 15 of administration. RESULTS Bleeding and blood coagulation time were significantly lower and TT was shorter in the AE extract-treated groups than in the control groups. Furthermore, FIB levels and platelet count were higher, whereas blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, and PF-4 secretion from blood platelets were more obvious in the AE extract-treated groups than in the control group. However, no significant differences were detected for PT and aPTT between the extract-treated and control groups. CONCLUSIONS The ethyl acetate extract of AE showed potential hemostasis effects in mice by shortening the bleeding and coagulation time. In addition, the extract increased platelet count and induced blood platelet aggregation, blood platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, PF-4 secretion from blood platelets, and FIB level, while it shortened TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuramatjan Ablat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; School of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Henan Province, 463000, China.
| | - Mihray Ablimit
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Shache County Dunbag Township Health Center, 844700, China.
| | - Abudoureheman Abudoukadier
- Department of Cardiology, Urumqi City Friendship Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830049, China.
| | - Buhaiqiemu Kadeer
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, School of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Henan Province, 463000, China.
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Alatawi KA, Ravishankar D, Patra PH, Bye AP, Stainer AR, Patel K, Widera D, Vaiyapuri S. 1,8-Cineole Affects Agonists-Induced Platelet Activation, Thrombus Formation and Haemostasis. Cells 2021; 10:2616. [PMID: 34685597 PMCID: PMC8533741 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1,8-cineole, a monoterpenoid is a major component of eucalyptus oil and has been proven to possess numerous beneficial effects in humans. Notably, 1,8-cineole is the primary active ingredient of a clinically approved drug, Soledum® which is being mainly used for the maintenance of sinus and respiratory health. Due to its clinically valuable properties, 1,8-cineole has gained significant scientific interest over the recent years specifically to investigate its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the impact of 1,8-cineole on the modulation of platelet activation, thrombosis and haemostasis was not fully established. Therefore, in this study, we demonstrate the effects of 1,8-cineole on agonists-induced platelet activation, thrombus formation under arterial flow conditions and haemostasis in mice. 1,8-cineole largely inhibits platelet activation stimulated by glycoprotein VI (GPVI) agonists such as collagen and cross-linked collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL), while it displays minimal inhibitory effects on thrombin or ADP-induced platelet aggregation. It inhibited inside-out signalling to integrin αIIbβ3 and outside-in signalling triggered by the same integrin as well as granule secretion and intracellular calcium mobilisation in platelets. 1,8-cineole affected thrombus formation on collagen-coated surface under arterial flow conditions and displayed a minimal effect on haemostasis of mice at a lower concentration of 6.25 µM. Notably, 1,8-cineole was found to be non-toxic to platelets up to 50 µM concentration. The investigation on the molecular mechanisms through which 1,8-cineole inhibits platelet function suggests that this compound affects signalling mediated by various molecules such as AKT, Syk, LAT, and cAMP in platelets. Based on these results, we conclude that 1,8-cineole may act as a potential therapeutic agent to control unwarranted platelet reactivity under various pathophysiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahdr A. Alatawi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (K.A.A.); (D.R.); (P.H.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Divyashree Ravishankar
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (K.A.A.); (D.R.); (P.H.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Pabitra H. Patra
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (K.A.A.); (D.R.); (P.H.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Alexander P. Bye
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (A.P.B.); (A.R.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Alexander R. Stainer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (A.P.B.); (A.R.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (A.P.B.); (A.R.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Darius Widera
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (K.A.A.); (D.R.); (P.H.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Sakthivel Vaiyapuri
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK; (K.A.A.); (D.R.); (P.H.P.); (D.W.)
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9
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Wang L, Huang G, Hou R, Qi D, Wu Q, Nie Y, Zuo Z, Ma R, Zhou W, Ma Y, Hu Y, Yang Z, Yan L, Wei F. Multi-omics reveals the positive leverage of plant secondary metabolites on the gut microbiota in a non-model mammal. Microbiome 2021; 9:192. [PMID: 34548111 PMCID: PMC8456708 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) that have been widely used for their health-promoting effects. However, little is known about overall flavonoid metabolism and the interactive effects between flavonoids and the gut microbiota. The flavonoid-rich bamboo and the giant panda provide an ideal system to bridge this gap. RESULTS Here, integrating metabolomic and metagenomic approaches, and in vitro culture experiment, we identified 97 flavonoids in bamboo and most of them have not been identified previously; the utilization of more than 70% flavonoid monomers was attributed to gut microbiota; the variation of flavonoid in bamboo leaves and shoots shaped the seasonal microbial fluctuation. The greater the flavonoid content in the diet was, the lower microbial diversity and virulence factor, but the more cellulose-degrading species. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows an unprecedented landscape of beneficial PSMs in a non-model mammal and reveals that PSMs remodel the gut microbiota conferring host adaptation to diet transition in an ecological context, providing a novel insight into host-microbe interaction. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Dunwu Qi
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yonggang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zuo
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Wenliang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhisong Yang
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Li Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fuwen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Zhang M, Zhu S, Ho CT, Huang Q. Citrus polymethoxyflavones as regulators of metabolic homoeostasis: Recent advances for possible mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Arafa EA, Shurrab NT, Buabeid MA. Therapeutic Implications of a Polymethoxylated Flavone, Tangeretin, in the Management of Cancer via Modulation of Different Molecular Pathways. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:4709818. [PMID: 33748757 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4709818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and abnormalities in neurotransmitter metabolism leading to toxicity. Because there have been no therapeutic strategies developed to target inflammation and oxidative stress, there is a continuing need for new and improved therapy. As a result, there has been increasing interest in complementary and alternative medicine with anticancer potential. Studies have shown that the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of citrus fruits are promising natural phytochemicals in the development of new anticancer agents. Tangeretin is a naturally polymethoxylated flavone compound extracted from the citrus peel that has shown significant intestinal absorption and adequate bioavailability, with the added benefit of promoting longevity. In addition, tangeretin is known to exhibit considerable selective toxicity to many types of cancer cell proliferation such as ovarian, brain, blood, and skin cancer. Evidence indicates that tangeretin acts through several mechanisms including growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, autophagy, antiangiogenesis, and estrogenic-like effects. Furthermore, tangeretin works through mitigating levels of inflammatory mediators in the immune system. Using tangeretin in combination with clinically applied anticancer drugs could be a good strategy for increasing the efficiency of these agents and protecting noncancerous cells from damage caused by chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to highlight the protective effects of a novel natural product, tangeretin against chemotherapeutic-induced toxicity. The development of chemoprevention strategies can lead to significant health care improvement in cancer survivors. Thus, study outcomes may attract more investigators to conduct tangeretin-related research and find out potentially significant impacts on health care of cancer patients and decreased health problems associated with chemotherapeutics-induced toxicity.
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12
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Olas B. A review of in vitro studies of the anti-platelet potential of citrus fruit flavonoids. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 150:112090. [PMID: 33636212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The citrus plants of the Rutaceae, such as oranges, grapefruits and mandarins, are cultivated worldwide. Their fruits and their juices are rich sources of flavonoids: for example, hesperidin and narirutin in oranges, and narirutin and naringin in grapefruits. Although these flavonoids have been found to potentially modulate blood platelet activity, most studies have been performed in vitro; in addition, the body of evidence regarding antiplatelet activity is relatively weak and the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood. More importantly, the concentrations of flavonoids studied in vitro (i.e. 3.125-300 μM) with washed blood platelets did not always correspond with their physiological concentrations in vivo, i.e. in whole blood after oral administration, and citrus fruit flavonoids are also characterized by low bioavailability. Therefore, more detailed studies on the antiplatelet potential of citrus flavonoids are needed, especially in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- University of Lodz, Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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13
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Huang M, Deng M, Nie W, Zou D, Wu H, Xu D. Naringenin Inhibits Platelet Activation and Arterial Thrombosis Through Inhibition of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722257. [PMID: 34475824 PMCID: PMC8406801 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus flavanoids intake can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Naringenin, a natural predominant flavonoid abundant in citrus fruits, possesses protective effects against atherothrombotic diseases. As platelet activation plays central roles in atherothrombogenesis, we studied the effects of naringenin on platelet activation, signaling, thrombosis and hemostasis. Naringenin dose-dependently inhibited agonist-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, and exhibited more-potent efficacy on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. It also suppressed platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP ex vivo. Naringenin inhibited ADP-induced platelet α-granule secretion, fibrinogen binding, intracellular calcium mobilization and platelet adhesion on collagen-coated surface. Naringenin also inhibited platelet spreading on fibrinogen and clot retraction, processes mediated by outside-in integrin signaling. Mechanism studies indicated that naringenin suppressed PI3K-mediated signaling and phosphodiesterase activity in platelets, in addition to increasing cGMP levels and VASP phosphorylation at Ser239. Furthermore, naringenin-induced VASP phosphorylation and inhibition of platelet aggregation were reversed by a PKA inhibitor treatment. Interestingly, naringenin inhibited thrombus formation in the (FeCl3)-induced rat carotid arterial thrombus model, but not cause a prolonged bleeding time in mice. This study suggests that naringenin may represent a potential antiplatelet agent targeting PI3K and cyclic nucleotide signaling, with a low bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manting Huang
- Department of Vascular Intervention, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhen Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Nie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dezhi Zou
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanlin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huanlin Wu, ; Danping Xu,
| | - Danping Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Huanlin Wu, ; Danping Xu,
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14
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Kang MK, Kim SI, Oh SY, Na W, Kang YH. Tangeretin Ameliorates Glucose-Induced Podocyte Injury through Blocking Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Caused by Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228577. [PMID: 33202982 PMCID: PMC7697471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury inevitably results in leakage of proteins from the glomerular filter and is vital in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury facilitate finding of new therapeutic targets for DN treatment and prevention. Tangeretin is an O-polymethoxylated flavone present in citrus peels with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study investigated the renoprotective effects of tangeretin on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-mediated podocyte injury and fibrosis through oxidative stress and hypoxia caused by hyperglycemia. Mouse podocytes were incubated in media containing 33 mM glucose in the absence and presence of 1–20 μM tangeretin for up to 6 days. The in vivo animal model employed db/db mice orally administrated with 10 mg/kg tangeretin for 8 weeks. Non-toxic tangeretin inhibited glucose-induced expression of the mesenchymal markers of N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin in podocytes. However, the reduced induction of the epithelial markers of E-cadherin and P-cadherin was restored by tangeretin in diabetic podocytes. Further, tangeretin enhanced the expression of the podocyte slit diaphragm proteins of nephrin and podocin down-regulated by glucose stimulation. The transmission electron microscopic images revealed that foot process effacement and loss of podocytes occurred in diabetic mouse glomeruli. However, oral administration of 10 mg/kg tangeretin reduced urine albumin excretion and improved foot process effacement of diabetic podocytes through inhibiting loss of slit junction and adherenes junction proteins. Glucose enhanced ROS production and HIF-1α induction in podocytes, leading to induction of oxidative stress and hypoxia. Similarly, in diabetic glomeruli reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and HIF-1α induction were observed. Furthermore, hypoxia-evoking cobalt chloride induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and loss of slit diaphragm proteins and junction proteins in podocytes, which was inhibited by treating submicromolar tangeretin. Collectively, these results demonstrate that tangeretin inhibited podocyte injury and fibrosis through blocking podocyte EMT caused by glucose-induced oxidative stress and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Kang
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2142 (Y.-H.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Young-Hee Kang
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2142 (Y.-H.K.)
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15
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Zhao C, Li S, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Zhao F, Du X, Hou J, Zhang T, Shi C, Wang P, Huo R, Woodman OL, Qin CX, Xu H, Huang L. Current state and future perspective of cardiovascular medicines derived from natural products. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107698. [PMID: 33039419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of natural products (NPs) to cardiovascular medicine has been extensively documented, and many have been used for centuries. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past 40 years, approximately 50% of newly developed cardiovascular drugs were based on NPs, suggesting that NPs provide essential skeletal structures for the discovery of novel medicines. After a period of lower productivity since the 1990s, NPs have recently regained scientific and commercial attention, leveraging the wealth of knowledge provided by multi-omics, combinatorial biosynthesis, synthetic biology, integrative pharmacology, analytical and computational technologies. In addition, as a crucial part of complementary and alternative medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine has increasingly drawn attention as an important source of NPs for cardiovascular drug discovery. Given their structural diversity and biological activity NPs are one of the most valuable sources of drugs and drug leads. In this review, we briefly described the characteristics and classification of NPs in CVDs. Then, we provide an up to date summary on the therapeutic potential and the underlying mechanisms of action of NPs in CVDs, and the current view and future prospect of developing safer and more effective cardiovascular drugs based on NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Sen Li
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyun Huang
- Biology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States of America
| | - Luoqi Zhang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xia Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Jinli Hou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenjing Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ruili Huo
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China; Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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16
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Fardoun MM, Maaliki D, Halabi N, Iratni R, Bitto A, Baydoun E, Eid AH. Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1403-32. [PMID: 32556180 DOI: 10.1042/CS20200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.
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Chiangsaen P, Maneesai P, Kukongviriyapan U, Tong-un T, Ishida W, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Tangeretin ameliorates erectile and testicular dysfunction in a rat model of hypertension. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Fatima A, Siddique YH. Role of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Disorders with Special Emphasis on Tangeritin. CNSNDDT 2019; 18:581-597. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190916141934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are naturally occurring plant polyphenols found universally in all fruits, vegetables
and medicinal plants. They have emerged as a promising candidate in the formulation of treatment
strategies for various neurodegenerative disorders. The use of flavonoid rich plant extracts and
food in dietary supplementation have shown favourable outcomes. The present review describes the
types, properties and metabolism of flavonoids. Neuroprotective role of various flavonoids and the
possible mechanism of action in the brain against the neurodegeneration have been described in detail
with special emphasis on the tangeritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Fatima
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Babić I, Bojić M, Maleš Ž, Zadro R, Gojčeta K, Duka I, Rimac H, Jukić I. Influence of flavonoids' lipophilicity on platelet aggregation. Acta Pharm 2019; 69:607-19. [PMID: 31639087 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds present in a wide spectrum of plants that have a beneficial effect on human health. In the context of cardiovascular diseases related to plaque and thrombus formation, flavonoids exhibit an anti-aggregatory effect. Previously, it has been reported that all tested flavonoids exhibit an antiaggregatory effect on platelet aggregation when measured by impedance aggregometry on whole blood, in the test of aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). As not all flavonoids have the same targets within signaling pathways, an assumption of a common non-specific mechanism related to lipophilicity is to be considered. To test this hypothesis, reverse-phase thin layer chromatography was used to assess the lipophilicity of flavonoids; impedance aggregometry was used for testing of platelet aggregation and flow cytometry to monitor the influence of flavonoids on platelet activation. Lipophilicity analysis showed a highly negative correlation of logP and MINaAC for groups of flavones and flavanones. As determined by flow cytometry, the exposition of receptors necessary for the promotion of platelet activation and primary clot formation was diminished, i.e., lowered expression of the activated form of integrin αIIbβ3 was observed in the presence of flavanone. Platelet membrane stabilization by flavonoids as a mechanism of antiaggregatory effect has been supported by impedance aggregometry experiments when specific inhibitors of platelet aggregation signaling pathways (U73122, indomethacin, verapamil) were used in the presence of a weak (ADP) and a strong (TRAP-6) agonist of aggregation. While individual flavonoids can have specific targets within aggregation signaling pathways, all flavonoids share a common non-specific mechanism of platelet aggregation inhibition related to their lipophilicity and membrane stabilization that, to some extent, contributes to their antiaggregatory effect.
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20
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Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Bafandeh F. The Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Chrysin: A Narrative Review on Experimental Researches. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2019; 17:17-27. [PMID: 30648526 PMCID: PMC6865076 DOI: 10.2174/1871525717666190114145137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin is one of the flavonoids fruits, vegetables, and plant especially found in honey, it has been indicated that its cardiovascular protective effect is due to its antioxidative effects and anti-inflammatory activities. Chrysin exerts an antioxidant effect by enhancing the antioxidant system, suppressing pro-oxidant enzymes, scavenging free radicals and chelating redox active transition-metal ions. Chrysin decreases lipid synthesis and also increases its metabolism, thereby ameliorating blood lipid profile. Chrysin modulates vascular function by increasing the bioavailability of endothelial nitric oxide. Chrysin inhibits the development of atherosclerosis by decreasing vascular inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of chrysin may relate to its inhibitory effect on the nuclear transcriptional factor-kB signaling pathway. It also prevents vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and thrombogenesis. Altogether, chrysin may be effective as a natural agent for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases; however, several clinical trial studies should be done to confirm its protective effects on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bafandeh
- Department of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Ravishankar D, Albadawi DAI, Chaggar V, Patra PH, Williams HF, Salamah M, Vaiyapuri R, Dash PR, Patel K, Watson KA, Vaiyapuri S. Isorhapontigenin, a resveratrol analogue selectively inhibits ADP-stimulated platelet activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172627. [PMID: 31461638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Isorhapontigenin is a polyphenolic compound found in Chinese herbs and grapes. It is a methoxylated analogue of a stilbenoid, resveratrol, which is well-known for its various beneficial effects including anti-platelet activity. Isorhapontigenin possesses greater oral bioavailability than resveratrol and has also been identified to possess anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its effects on platelet function have not been reported previously. In this study, we report the effects of isorhapontigenin on the modulation of platelet function. Isorhapontigenin was found to selectively inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 1.85 μM although it displayed marginal inhibition on platelet aggregation induced by other platelet agonists at 100 μM. However, resveratrol exhibited weaker inhibition on ADP-induced platelet aggregation (IC50 > 100 μM) but inhibited collagen induced platelet aggregation at 50 μM and 100 μM. Isorhapontigenin also inhibited integrin αIIbβ3 mediated inside-out and outside-in signalling and dense granule secretion in ADP-induced platelet activation but interestingly, no effect was observed on α-granule secretion. Isorhapontigenin did not exert any cytotoxicity on platelets at the concentrations of up to 100 μM. Furthermore, it did not affect haemostasis in mice at the IC50 concentration (1.85 μM). In addition, the mechanistic studies demonstrated that isorhapontigenin increased cAMP levels and VASP phosphorylation at Ser157 and decreased Akt phosphorylation. This suggests that isorhapontigenin may interfere with cAMP and PI3K signalling pathways that are associated with the P2Y12 receptor. Molecular docking studies emphasised that isorhapontigenin has greater binding affinity to P2Y12 receptor than resveratrol. Our results demonstrate that isorhapontigenin has selective inhibitory effects on ADP-stimulated platelet activation possibly via P2Y12 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip R Dash
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Wang H, Ye Y, Wan W, Wang L, Li R, Li L, Yang L, Yang L, Gu Y, Dong L, Meng Z. Xinmailong Modulates Platelet Function and Inhibits Thrombus Formation via the Platelet αIIbβ3-Mediated Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:923. [PMID: 31507419 PMCID: PMC6716460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Xinmailong (XML), a bioactive composite extracted from Periplaneta americana, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure. However, it is unclear whether XML has antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. Methods: The effects of XML on agonist-induced platelet aggregation, adhesion and spreading, granule secretion, integrin α II bβ3 activation, and thrombus formation were evaluated. Phosphorylation of Syk, PLCγ2, Akt, GSK3β, and MAPK signaling molecules was also studied on agonist-induced platelets. In addition, the antithrombotic effects of XML were observed in vivo using an acute pulmonary thrombosis mouse model. Results: XML dose-dependently inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation and granule secretion induced by thrombin, collagen, and arachidonic acid (AA). XML also greatly reduced platelet adhesion and spreading on both collagen- and fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Biochemical analysis revealed that XML inhibited thrombin-, collagen-, and AA-induced phosphorylation of Syk, PLCγ2, Akt, GSK3β, and MAPK. Additionally, XML significantly inhibited in vivo thrombus formation in a collagen–epinephrine-induced acute pulmonary thrombosis mouse model. Conclusions and General Significance: Here, we provide the first report showing that XML inhibits platelet function and that it possesses antithrombotic activity. This suggests that XML could be a potential therapeutic candidate to prevent or treat platelet-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yujia Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Luqiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Longjun Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lai Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yajuan Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaohui Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Vallance TM, Ravishankar D, Albadawi DAI, Osborn HMI, Vaiyapuri S. Synthetic Flavonoids as Novel Modulators of Platelet Function and Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3106. [PMID: 31242657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world, and specifically, thrombotic conditions such as heart attacks and strokes are caused by unwarranted activation of platelets and subsequent formation of blood clots (thrombi) within the blood vessels during pathological circumstances. Therefore, platelets act as a primary therapeutic target to treat and prevent thrombotic conditions. Current treatments are limited due to intolerance, and they are associated with severe side effects such as bleeding complications. Hence, the development of novel therapeutic strategies for thrombotic diseases is an urgent priority. Flavonoids are naturally occurring plant-derived molecules that exert numerous beneficial effects in humans through modulating the functions of distinct cell types. However, naturally occurring flavonoids suffer from several issues such as poor solubility, lipophilicity, and bioavailability, which hinder their efficacy and potency. Despite these, flavonoids act as versatile templates for the design and synthesis of novel molecules for various therapeutic targets. Indeed, several synthetic flavonoids have recently been developed to improve their stability, bioavailability, and efficacy, including for the modulation of platelet function. Here, we provide insight into the actions of certain natural flavonoids along with the advantages of synthetic flavonoids in the modulation of platelet function, haemostasis, and thrombosis.
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Li H, Liu B, Wu J, Yu H, Huang H, Chen X, Chen B, Wu S, Ma J, Liu W, Chen X, Lan L, He Z, Zhang H. The inhibitory effect of tachyplesin I on thrombosis and its mechanisms. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1672-1679. [PMID: 31108023 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic diseases are major cause of cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to investigate the effect of tachyplesin I on platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Platelet aggregation was analysed with a whole blood aggregometer. The mice were employed to investigate the effect of tachyplesin I on thrombosis in vivo. Tachyplesin I inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, tachyplesin I significantly reduced thrombosis in carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis model by intraperitoneal injection (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg) or intragastric administration (15, 30 or 60 mg/kg). Tachyplesin I also prolonged the bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT). The results revealed that tachyplesin I inhibited platelet aggregation and thrombosis by interfering the PI3K/AKT pathway. Tachyplesin I did not show significantly toxicity to mice under 300 mg/kg via intravenous injection. The results show that tachyplesin I inhibits thrombosis and has low toxicity. It is suggested that tachyplesin I has the potential to develop a new anti-thrombotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huajun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingyao Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liubo Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhan He
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Xu S, Kong YG, Jiao WE, Yang R, Qiao YL, Xu Y, Tao ZZ, Chen SM. Tangeretin promotes regulatory T cell differentiation by inhibiting Notch1/Jagged1 signaling in allergic rhinitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:402-412. [PMID: 31030096 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Tangeretin demonstrates broad anti-inflammatory effects. The present study aimed to assess whether tangeretin functions in regulating T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and alleviating allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR animal model was constructed to monitor the changes in the allergic symptom score, OVA-specific IgE titers, histopathological characteristics and T-helper cell (Th1, Th2, and Th17)-related cytokine levels under tangeretin or dexamethasone (DXM) administration. The expression levels of Notch1/Jagged1 and FOXP3, and the proportion of Tregs in the spleens of these animals, were also detected. Furthermore, purified naive CD4 + T cells were utilized to assess the effects of tangeretin on Notch1 expression and their differentiation in vitro. RESULTS Both tangeretin and DXM administration alleviated airway inflammation, decreased the production of serum OVA-induced IgE, but only tangeretin administration restored the balance of cytokine profiles compared with those in the AR group. The abundance of splenic CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + Treg cells and the transcription factor FOXP3 were significantly increased under tangeretin treatment, either in AR mice or in naïve CD4 + T-cell differentiation, followed by a concomitant reduction in Notch1/Jagged1 expression. However, as a positive control, the treatment of allergic rhinitis with dexamethasone was not related to the expression of Notch1/Jagged1 or the differentiation of Treg cells. CONCLUSION Tangeretin could promote regulatory T cell responses by inhibiting Notch1/Jagged1 expression, followed by promoting FOXP3/Treg cell differentiation and thus could serve as a novel curative therapeutic for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yong-Gang Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wo-Er Jiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yue-Long Qiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jie-Fang Road, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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26
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Mahmoud AM, Hernández Bautista RJ, Sandhu MA, Hussein OE. Beneficial Effects of Citrus Flavonoids on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019; 2019:5484138. [PMID: 30962863 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5484138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing over time. CVD is a comorbidity in diabetes and contributes to premature death. Citrus flavonoids possess several biological activities and have emerged as efficient therapeutics for the treatment of CVD. Citrus flavonoids scavenge free radicals, improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, modulate lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation, suppress inflammation and apoptosis, and improve endothelial dysfunction. The intake of citrus flavonoids has been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. Although citrus flavonoids exerted multiple beneficial effects, their mechanisms of action are not completely established. In this review, we summarized recent findings and advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of citrus flavonoids against oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Further studies and clinical trials to assess the efficacy and to explore the underlying mechanism(s) of action of citrus flavonoids are recommended.
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Lopez JJ, El Haouari M, Jardin I, Alonso N, Regodon S, Diez-Bello R, Redondo PC, Rosado JA. Flavonoids and Platelet-Derived Thrombotic Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:7035-7047. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180417170218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
:
Thrombotic disorders are characterized by an increase in the probability of the
formation of unnecessary thrombi that might be due to the activation of the coagulation cascade
or the circulating platelets. Platelets or thrombocytes play an essential role in hemostasis
but abnormal platelet function leads to the development of a number of cardiovascular
complications, including thrombotic disorders. Under pathological conditions, platelets are
associated with the development of different thrombotic disorders, including atherosclerosis,
arterial thrombosis and stroke, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; therefore,
platelets are the target of a number of anti-thrombotic strategies. Flavonoids, a large group
of polyphenols ubiquitously expressed in fruits and vegetables that have attracted considerable
attention because of their benefits in human health, including the reduction of the risk
of cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids have been reported to reduce platelet activity by attenuating
agonist-induced GPIIb/IIIa receptor activation, mobilization of intracellular free
Ca2+, granule exocytosis, as well as activation of different signaling molecules such as mitogen-
activated protein kinases or phospholipases. This review summarizes the current studies
concerning the modulation of platelet activation by flavonoids, giving especial attention to
those events associated to thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J. Lopez
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mohammed El Haouari
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Laboratoire des Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement et Modélisation (LMSNEM), Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1223, Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Isaac Jardin
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Nieves Alonso
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Infanta Cristina, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio Regodon
- Department of Animal Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Diez-Bello
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro C. Redondo
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan A. Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
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You Y, Zhang Q, Zhang XG, Liu L, Zhang QL, Ding SL, Chen Y, Wang JY, Wang L, Liang RX, Liao FL, Wang YH. Effects of water-soluble tomato concentrate on platelet aggregation. World J Tradit Chin Med 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_35_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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29
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Irfan M, Jeong D, Kwon HW, Shin JH, Park SJ, Kwak D, Kim TH, Lee DH, Park HJ, Rhee MH. Ginsenoside-Rp3 inhibits platelet activation and thrombus formation by regulating MAPK and cyclic nucleotide signaling. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 109:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Ravishankar D, Salamah M, Akimbaev A, Williams HF, Albadawi DAI, Vaiyapuri R, Greco F, Osborn HMI, Vaiyapuri S. Impact of specific functional groups in flavonoids on the modulation of platelet activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9528. [PMID: 29934595 PMCID: PMC6015034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids exert innumerable beneficial effects on cardiovascular health including the reduction of platelet activation, and thereby, thrombosis. Hence, flavonoids are deemed to be a molecular template for the design of novel therapeutic agents for various diseases including thrombotic conditions. However, the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids with platelets is not fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to advance the current knowledge on structure-activity relationships of flavonoids through a systematic analysis of structurally-related flavones. Here, we investigated a panel of 16 synthetic flavones containing hydroxy or methoxy groups at C-7,8 positions on the A-ring, with a phenyl group or its bioisosteres as the B-ring, along with their thio analogues possessing a sulfur molecule at the 4th carbon position of the C-ring. The antiplatelet efficacies of these compounds were analysed using human isolated platelets upon activation with cross-linked collagen-related peptide by optical aggregometry. The results demonstrate that the hydroxyl groups in flavonoids are important for optimum platelet inhibitory activities. In addition, the 4-C=O and B ring phenyl groups are less critical for the antiplatelet activity of these flavonoids. This structure-activity relationship of flavonoids with the modulation of platelet function may guide the design, optimisation and development of flavonoid scaffolds as antiplatelet agents.
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Irfan M, Jeong D, Saba E, Kwon HW, Shin JH, Jeon BR, Kim S, Kim SD, Lee DH, Nah SY, Rhee MH. Gintonin modulates platelet function and inhibits thrombus formation via impaired glycoprotein VI signaling. Platelets 2018; 30:589-598. [PMID: 29870296 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1479033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng (P. ginseng), one of the most valuable medicinal plants, is known for its healing and immunobooster properties and has been widely used in folk medicine against cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and heart attack. In this study, we explored the anti-platelet activity of gintonin (a recently discovered non-saponin fraction of ginseng) against agonist-induced platelet activation. In vitro effects of gintonin on agonist-induced human and rat platelet aggregation, granule secretion, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) mobilization were examined. Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation techniques were used to estimate the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and interaction of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signaling pathway molecules such as Src family kinases (SFK), tyrosine kinase Syk, and PLCγ2. In vivo effects were studied using acute pulmonary thromboembolism model in mice. Gintonin remarkably inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and suppressed granule secretion, [Ca2+]i mobilization, and fibrinogen binding to integrin αIIbβ3 in a dose-dependent manner and clot retraction. Gintonin attenuated the activation of MAPK molecules and PI3K/Akt pathway. It also inhibited SFK, Syk, and PLCγ2 activation and protected mice from thrombosis. Gintonin inhibited agonist-induced platelet activation and thrombus formation through impairment in GPVI signaling molecules, including activation of SFK, Syk, PLCγ2, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt; suggesting its therapeutic potential against platelet related CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Jeong
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Evelyn Saba
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Woo Kwon
- b Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science , Far East University , Eumseong , Korea
| | - Jung-Hae Shin
- c Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering , Inje University , Gyungnam , Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Jeon
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kim
- d Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Kim
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Lee
- e Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science , Korea Nazarene University , Cheonan, Chungnam , Republic of Korea.,f Molecular Diagnostics Research Institute , Namseoul University , Cheonan, Chungnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- g Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Konkuk University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, in response to injury and stress, is central to a broad constellation of cardiovascular diseases. Fibrosis decreases myocardial wall compliance due to extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, leading to impaired systolic and diastolic function and causing arrhythmogenesis. Although some conventional drugs, such as β-blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, have been shown to alleviate cardiac fibrosis in clinical trials, these traditional therapies do not tend to target all the fibrosis-associated mechanisms, and do not hamper the progression of cardiac fibrosis in patients with heart failure. Polyphenols are present in vegetables, fruits, and beverages and had been proposed as attenuators of cardiac fibrosis in different models of cardiovascular diseases. Together with results found in the literature, we can show that some polyphenols exert anti-fibrotic and myocardial protective effects by mediating inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrotic molecular signals. This review considers an overview of the mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis, illustrates their involvement in different animal models of cardiac fibrosis treated with some polyphenols and projects the future direction and therapeutic potential of polyphenols on cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Ying Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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Irfan M, Kwon TH, Yun BS, Park NH, Rhee MH. Eisenia bicyclis (brown alga) modulates platelet function and inhibits thrombus formation via impaired P 2Y 12 receptor signaling pathway. Phytomedicine 2018; 40:79-87. [PMID: 29496178 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sea weeds have been used since ancient times in Asian countries, especially in Korea, Japan, and China, as both edible sea vegetables and traditional medicinal tonics due to their health benefits. Eisenia bicyclis has been studied for anti-allergic and anti-cancer effects; however, its effects on the cardiovascular system, especially on platelet function, are yet to be explored. Therefore, we examined the effect of E. bicyclis on platelet function. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS E. bicyclis extract (EBE) was prepared and in vitro effects on ADP-induced platelet aggregation, granule secretion, intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) mobilization, fibrinogen binding to integrin αIIbβ3 and clot retraction were evaluated. Phosphorylation levels of MAPK signaling molecules and P2Y12 receptor downstream signaling pathway components were studied. In vivo effects were studied using an arteriovenous (AV) shunt model. RESULTS EBE markedly inhibited in vitro ADP-induced platelet aggregation, granule secretion (ATP release and P-selectin expression), [Ca2+]i mobilization, fibrinogen binding to integrin αIIbβ3, and clot retraction; attenuated MAPK pathway activation; and inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt, PLCγ2, and Src. The extract significantly inhibited in vivo thrombus weight in an AV shunt model. CONCLUSION E. bicyclis inhibits agonist-induced platelet activation and thrombus formation through modulation of the P2Y12 receptor downstream signaling pathway, suggesting its therapeutic potential in ethnomedicinal applications as an anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic compound to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Chuncheon Bio Industry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology and Advanced Institute of Environmental and Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Nyun-Ho Park
- Department of Research & Development, Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bio-Industry, Gyeongbuk 36315, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Elhennawy MG, Lin HS. Determination of Tangeretin in Rat Plasma: Assessment of Its Clearance and Absolute Oral Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2017; 10:pharmaceutics10010003. [PMID: 29286295 PMCID: PMC5874816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tangeretin (TAN) is a dietary polymethoxylated flavone that possesses a broad scope of pharmacological activities. A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated in this study to quantify TAN in plasma of Sprague-Dawley rats. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 15 ng/mL; the intra- and inter-day assay variations expressed in the form of relative standard deviation (RSD) were all less than 10%; and the assay accuracy was within 100 ± 15%. Subsequently, pharmacokinetic profiles of TAN were explored and established. Upon single intravenous administration (10 mg/kg), TAN had rapid clearance (Cl = 94.1 ± 20.2 mL/min/kg) and moderate terminal elimination half-life (t1/2 λz = 166 ± 42 min). When TAN was given as a suspension (50 mg/kg), poor but erratic absolute oral bioavailability (mean value < 3.05%) was observed; however, when TAN was given in a solution prepared with randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (50 mg/kg), its plasma exposure was at least doubled (mean bioavailability: 6.02%). It was obvious that aqueous solubility hindered the oral absorption of TAN and acted as a barrier to its oral bioavailability. This study will facilitate further investigations on the medicinal potentials of TAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Gamal Elhennawy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Hai-Shu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Ravishankar D, Salamah M, Attina A, Pothi R, Vallance TM, Javed M, Williams HF, Alzahrani EMS, Kabova E, Vaiyapuri R, Shankland K, Gibbins J, Strohfeldt K, Greco F, Osborn HMI, Vaiyapuri S. Ruthenium-conjugated chrysin analogues modulate platelet activity, thrombus formation and haemostasis with enhanced efficacy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5738. [PMID: 28720875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant increase in cardiovascular disease rate coupled with significant drawbacks of existing therapies emphasise the necessity to improve therapeutic strategies. Natural flavonoids exert innumerable pharmacological effects in humans. Here, we demonstrate the effects of chrysin, a natural flavonoid found largely in honey and passionflower on the modulation of platelet function, haemostasis and thrombosis. Chrysin displayed significant inhibitory effects on isolated platelets, however, its activity was substantially reduced under physiological conditions. In order to increase the efficacy of chrysin, a sulfur derivative (thio-chrysin), and ruthenium-complexes (Ru-chrysin and Ru-thio-chrysin) were synthesised and their effects on the modulation of platelet function were evaluated. Indeed, Ru-thio-chrysin displayed a 4-fold greater inhibition of platelet function and thrombus formation in vitro than chrysin under physiologically relevant conditions such as in platelet-rich plasma and whole blood. Notably, Ru-thio-chrysin exhibited similar efficacy to chrysin in the modulation of haemostasis in mice. Increased bioavailability and cell permeability of Ru-thio-chrysin compared to chrysin were found to be the basis for its enhanced activity. Together, these results demonstrate that Ru-thio-coupled natural compounds such as chrysin may serve as promising templates for the development of novel anti-thrombotic agents.
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Hariri BM, McMahon DB, Chen B, Freund JR, Mansfield CJ, Doghramji LJ, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, Reed DR, Jiang P, Lee RJ. Flavones modulate respiratory epithelial innate immunity: Anti-inflammatory effects and activation of the T2R14 receptor. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8484-8497. [PMID: 28373278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis has a significant impact on patient quality of life, creates billions of dollars of annual healthcare costs, and accounts for ∼20% of adult antibiotic prescriptions in the United States. Because of the rise of resistant microorganisms, there is a critical need to better understand how to stimulate and/or enhance innate immune responses as a therapeutic modality to treat respiratory infections. We recently identified bitter taste receptors (taste family type 2 receptors, or T2Rs) as important regulators of sinonasal immune responses and potentially important therapeutic targets. Here, we examined the immunomodulatory potential of flavones, a class of flavonoids previously demonstrated to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Some flavones are also T2R agonists. We found that several flavones inhibit Muc5AC and inducible NOS up-regulation as well as cytokine release in primary and cultured airway cells in response to several inflammatory stimuli. This occurs at least partly through inhibition of protein kinase C and receptor tyrosine kinase activity. We also demonstrate that sinonasal ciliated epithelial cells express T2R14, which closely co-localizes (<7 nm) with the T2R38 isoform. Heterologously expressed T2R14 responds to multiple flavones. These flavones also activate T2R14-driven calcium signals in primary cells that activate nitric oxide production to increase ciliary beating and mucociliary clearance. TAS2R38 polymorphisms encode functional (PAV: proline, alanine, and valine at positions 49, 262, and 296, respectively) or non-functional (AVI: alanine, valine, isoleucine at positions 49, 262, and 296, respectively) T2R38. Our data demonstrate that T2R14 in sinonasal cilia is a potential therapeutic target for upper respiratory infections and that flavones may have clinical potential as topical therapeutics, particularly in T2R38 AVI/AVI individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Danielle R Reed
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
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Cirillo P, Conte S, Cimmino G, Pellegrino G, Ziviello F, Barra G, Sasso FC, Borgia F, De Palma R, Trimarco B. Nobiletin inhibits oxidized-LDL mediated expression of Tissue Factor in human endothelial cells through inhibition of NF-κB. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 128:26-33. [PMID: 28017776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flavonoids are nutrients usually included in human diet with several significant biological activities. Nobiletin is a flavonoid that, besides having anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral activity, seems to exert protective effects on cardiovascular system. Several studies investigated nobiletin as a natural drug to antagonize the atherosclerotic disease. On the contrary, literature about its potential role in modulating the main acute complication of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, is still scanty. Several studies have indicated that Tissue Factor (TF) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular thrombotic events by triggering the formation of intracoronary thrombi. Oxidized-LDL have an important role in promoting athero-thrombotic events. This study investigates whether nobiletin might exert protective cardiovascular effects by preventing the oxidized-LDL mediated expression of TF in human endothelial cells in vitro. Moreover, we have studied whether the nobiletin effects might be modulated by the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS In HUVEC, ox-LDL induced TF-mRNA transcription as demonstrated by real time PCR and expression of functionally active TF as demonstrated by Western-blot, FACS analysis and pro-coagulant activity assay. Nobiletin prevented these ox-LDL-mediated effects by exerting antioxidant effects, finally leading to inhibition of the transcription factor NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that nobiletin might be a potential antithrombotic agent of dietary origin. This flavonoid, through its antioxidant proprieties, might potentially exert an antithrombotic activity by inhibiting TF expression/activity in a cell population never investigated before in this context and that is normally represented in vessel wall such as endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Naples, "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefano Conte
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Pellegrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Naples, "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Ziviello
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Naples, "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giusi Barra
- Department of Internal and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Naples, "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Internal and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy; IBP-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Naples, "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Zaragozá C, Monserrat J, Mantecón C, Villaescusa L, Zaragozá F, Álvarez-Mon M. Antiplatelet activity of flavonoid and coumarin drugs. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 87:139-149. [PMID: 27616636 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are used as phlebotonic drugs, but their mechanism of action remains unknown. Since platelet activity and platelet-endothelial cell interactions are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, this work examines whether different flavonoid and coumarin drugs are able to inhibit platelet aggregation. This specific case of coumarins, the antiplatelet effect is not linked with a possible interaction over blood coagulation since this effect only dicoumarols have it. The antiplatelet capacity of polyphenols was assayed using peripheral blood platelets from healthy controls. The distribution of the different platelets subsets was quantified by flow cytometry, using the calcium ionophore as a pro-aggregant. The number of GPIIb/IIIa receptors occupied by the drugs was assayed by flow cytometry using two CD61 surface fluorescein antibodies. All the polyphenols tested inhibited platelet aggregation. A percentage antiplatelet activity of 88.91±7.98% was recorded for naringin, 48.43±8.84% for naringenin, 53.83±7.87% for esculetin, 54.65±6.91% for fraxetin, and 25.75±4.12% for coumarin. Naringin showed significantly greater percentage occupation of GPIIb/IIIa receptors than did naringenin (14.82±0.81% vs. 3.90±0.55%), and esculetin returned significantly higher values than fraxetin and coumarin (12.47±0.97 vs. 7.53±0.49 and 7.90±0.69 respectively). All drugs show important antiplatelet activity. Naringin was the best antiplatelet compound, showing the greatest antiplatelet activity and the highest percentage binding of GPIIb/IIIa receptors. However, any of the compounds used could be used in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zaragozá
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Pharmacology Unit, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Laboratory of Immune System Diseases and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carolina Mantecón
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Pharmacology Unit, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucinda Villaescusa
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Pharmacology Unit, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Zaragozá
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Pharmacology Unit, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Laboratory of Immune System Diseases and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain; Immune System Diseases and Oncology Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Citrus flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with significant biological properties. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the ability of citrus flavonoids to modulate lipid metabolism, other metabolic parameters related to the metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. Citrus flavonoids, including naringenin, hesperitin, nobiletin, and tangeretin, have emerged as potential therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic dysregulation. Epidemiological studies reveal an association between the intake of citrus flavonoid-containing foods and a decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Studies in cell culture and animal models, as well as a limited number of clinical studies, reveal the lipid-lowering, insulin-sensitizing, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties of citrus flavonoids. In animal models, supplementation of rodent diets with citrus flavonoids prevents hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance primarily through inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and increased fatty acid oxidation. Citrus flavonoids blunt the inflammatory response in metabolically important tissues including liver, adipose, kidney, and the aorta. The mechanisms underlying flavonoid-induced metabolic regulation have not been completely established, although several potential targets have been identified. In mouse models, citrus flavonoids show marked suppression of atherogenesis through improved metabolic parameters as well as through direct impact on the vessel wall. Recent studies support a role for citrus flavonoids in the treatment of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Larger human studies examining dose, bioavailability, efficacy, and safety are required to promote the development of these promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Mulvihill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7; ; .,Current address: Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3L9;
| | - Amy C Burke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7; ;
| | - Murray W Huff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7; ; .,Department of Medicine, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
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Kim TH, Lee KM, Hong ND, Jung YS. Anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effect of a traditional herbal medicine Kyung-Ok-Ko. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 178:172-179. [PMID: 26657497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), a traditional herbal prescription, contains six main ingredients; Rehmannia glutinosa var. purpurae, Lycium chinense, Aquillaria agallocha, Poria cocos, Panax ginseng, and honey. KOK has been widely taken as a traditional oriental medicine for improving blood circulation or age-related symptoms, such as dementia and stroke. However, the effect of KOK on platelet activity has not been clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the effect of KOK on platelet function, we evaluated its effect on functional markers of platelet activation such as aggregation and shape change. As a mechanism study for the effect of KOK, we examined its effect on granule secretion, intracellular Ca(2+) increase, and PLCγ and Akt activation. To investigate the effect of orally administered KOK (0.5, 1, 2 g/kg), we examined its ex vivo effect on platelet aggregation in rat, and its in vivo anti-thrombotic effect in mice thromboembolism model. Furthermore, the effect of KOK on bleeding time was examined to estimate its potential side effect. RESULTS KOK (0.3, 1, 3, 10 mg/ml) inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and shape change in rat platelets in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanism for the anti-platelet effect of KOK seems to involve the inhibition of ATP release, intracellular Ca(2+) elevation, and the phosphorylation of PLCγ and Akt. In rat ex vivo study, KOK (2 g/kg, p.o. for 1 day, and 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg, p.o. for 7 days) also had significant inhibitory effects on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. In addition, KOK showed a significant protective effect against thrombosis attack in mice. The prolongation of bleeding time by KOK was much less than that by ASA, suggesting a beneficial potential of KOK than ASA in view of side effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that KOK elicits remarkable anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects with less side effect of bleeding, and therefore, it may have a therapeutic potential for the prevention of platelet-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mee Lee
- R&D Center, Kwang Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 621-1 Jangdang-dong, Pyongtaek-si, Kyonggi-do 459-020, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Doo Hong
- R&D Center, Kwang Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 621-1 Jangdang-dong, Pyongtaek-si, Kyonggi-do 459-020, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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Yang L, Chen X, Wang S, Fei Y, Wang D, Li Y, He G, Wu Q, Chu S, Fang W. N2 extenuates experimental ischemic stroke through platelet aggregation inhibition. Thromb Res 2015; 136:1310-7. [PMID: 26553017 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) can induce the platelet aggregation and lead to thrombosis. This will cause the low-reflow phenomenon after ischemic stroke and aggravate the damage of brain issues. Therefore, it is potential to develop the drugs inhibiting TXA2 pathway to treat cerebral ischemia. AIM This study aims to prove the protective effect of N2 (4-(2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) ethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid) on focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury through platelet aggregation inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) is used as the animal model. Neurological deficit score, Morris water maze, postural reflex test, Limb-use asymmetry test, infarct volume, and water content were performed to evaluate the protective effect of N2 in MCAO/R rats. 9, 11-dieoxy-11α, 9α-methanoepoxyprostaglandin F2α (U46619) or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was used as the inducer of platelet aggregation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS N2 can improve the motor function, learning and memory ability in MCAO/R rats while reducing the infarct volume. N2 can inhibit TXA2 formation but promote PGI2, and can inhibit platelet aggregation induced by U46619 and ADP. Further, N2 inhibits thrombosis with a minor adverse effect of bleeding than Clopidogrel. In conclusion, N2 can produce the protective effect on MCAO/R brain injury through inhibiting TXA2 formation, platelet aggregation and thrombosis.
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Vaiyapuri S, Roweth H, Ali MS, Unsworth AJ, Stainer AR, Flora GD, Crescente M, Jones CI, Moraes LA, Gibbins JM. Pharmacological actions of nobiletin in the modulation of platelet function. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4133-45. [PMID: 25988959 PMCID: PMC4543618 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The discovery that flavonoids are capable of inhibiting platelet function has led to their investigation as potential antithrombotic agents. However, despite the range of studies on the antiplatelet properties of flavonoids, little is known about the mechanisms by which flavonoids inhibit platelet function. In this study, we aimed to explore the pharmacological effects of a polymethoxy flavonoid, nobiletin, in the modulation of platelet function. Experimental Approach The ability of nobiletin to modulate platelet function was explored by using a range of in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches. Aggregation, dense granule secretion and spreading assays were performed using washed platelets. Fibrinogen binding, α-granule secretion and calcium mobilization assays were performed using platelet-rich plasma and whole blood was used in impedance aggregometry and thrombus formation experiments. The effect of nobiletin in vivo was assessed by measuring tail bleeding time using C57BL/6 mice. Key Results Nobiletin was shown to suppress a range of well-established activatory mechanisms, including platelet aggregation, granule secretion, integrin modulation, calcium mobilization and thrombus formation. Nobiletin extended bleeding time in mice and reduced the phosphorylation of PKB (Akt) and PLCγ2 within the collagen receptor (glycoprotein VI)-stimulated pathway, in addition to increasing the levels of cGMP and phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, a protein whose activity is associated with inhibitory cyclic nucleotide signalling. Conclusions and Implications This study provides insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms through which nobiletin modulates haemostasis and thrombus formation. Therefore, nobiletin may represent a potential antithrombotic agent of dietary origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Vaiyapuri
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Harvey Roweth
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Marfoua S Ali
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Amanda J Unsworth
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alexander R Stainer
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Gagan D Flora
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Marilena Crescente
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Chris I Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Leonardo A Moraes
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Kim TH, Kim HM, Park SW, Jung YS. Inhibitory effects of yuzu and its components on human platelet aggregation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:149-55. [PMID: 25767683 PMCID: PMC4354316 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that yuzu has an anti-platelet effect in rat blood. In the present study, we examined whether the anti-platelet effect of yuzu can be extended to human blood by investigating its ability to inhibit aggregations induced by various agonists in human platelet rich plasma (PRP). This study also investigated the underlying mechanism of yuzu focusing on ADP granule secretion, TXB2 formations, and PLCγ/Akt signaling. The results from this study showed that ethanolic yuzu extract (YE), and its components, hesperidin and naringin, inhibited human platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. YE, hesperidin and naringin also inhibited TXB2 formation and ADP release. The phosphorylation of PLCγ and Akt was significantly inhibited by YE, heperidin and naringin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that YE, heperidin and naringin has anti-platelet effects in rat ex vivo studies, and lower side effects in mice tail bleeding time studies. The results from this study suggest that YE, hesperidin and naringin can inhibit human platelet aggregation, at least partly through the inhibition of PLCγ and Akt, leading to a decrease in TXB2 formation and granule secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Park
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea ; College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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Vaiyapuri S, Sage T, Rana RH, Schenk MP, Ali MS, Unsworth AJ, Jones CI, Stainer AR, Kriek N, Moraes LA, Gibbins JM. EphB2 regulates contact-dependent and contact-independent signaling to control platelet function. Blood 2015; 125:720-30. [PMID: 25370417 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-06-585083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eph kinases, EphA4 and EphB1, and their ligand, ephrinB1, have been previously reported to be present in platelets where they contribute to thrombus stability. Although thrombus formation allows for Eph-ephrin engagement and bidirectional signaling, the importance specifically of Eph kinase or ephrin signaling in regulating platelet function remained unidentified. In the present study, a genetic approach was used in mice to establish the contribution of signaling orchestrated by the cytoplasmic domain of EphB2 (a newly discovered Eph kinase in platelets) in platelet activation and thrombus formation. We conclude that EphB2 signaling is involved in the regulation of thrombus formation and clot retraction. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic tail of this Eph kinase regulates initial platelet activation in a contact-independent manner in the absence of Eph-ephrin ligation between platelets. Together, these data demonstrate that EphB2 signaling not only modulates platelet function within a thrombus but is also involved in the regulation of the function of isolated platelets in a contact-independent manner.
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Sahihi M, Ghayeb Y. An investigation of molecular dynamics simulation and molecular docking: Interaction of citrus flavonoids and bovine β-lactoglobulin in focus. Comput Biol Med 2014; 51:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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