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Jin P, Duan X, Li L, Zhou P, Zou C, Xie K. Cellular senescence in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e542. [PMID: 38660685 PMCID: PMC11042538 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging exhibits several hallmarks in common with cancer, such as cellular senescence, dysbiosis, inflammation, genomic instability, and epigenetic changes. In recent decades, research into the role of cellular senescence on tumor progression has received widespread attention. While how senescence limits the course of cancer is well established, senescence has also been found to promote certain malignant phenotypes. The tumor-promoting effect of senescence is mainly elicited by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which facilitates the interaction of senescent tumor cells with their surroundings. Targeting senescent cells therefore offers a promising technique for cancer therapy. Drugs that pharmacologically restore the normal function of senescent cells or eliminate them would assist in reestablishing homeostasis of cell signaling. Here, we describe cell senescence, its occurrence, phenotype, and impact on tumor biology. A "one-two-punch" therapeutic strategy in which cancer cell senescence is first induced, followed by the use of senotherapeutics for eliminating the senescent cells is introduced. The advances in the application of senotherapeutics for targeting senescent cells to assist cancer treatment are outlined, with an emphasis on drug categories, and the strategies for their screening, design, and efficient targeting. This work will foster a thorough comprehension and encourage additional research within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Cheng‐Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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2
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Ray Das S, Delahunt B, Lasham A, Li K, Wright D, Print C, Slatter T, Braithwaite A, Mehta S. Combining TP53 mutation and isoform has the potential to improve clinical practice. Pathology 2024:S0031-3025(24)00087-4. [PMID: 38594116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The clinical importance of assessing and combining data on TP53 mutations and isoforms is discussed in this article. It gives a succinct overview of the structural makeup and key biological roles of the isoforms. It then provides a comprehensive summary of the roles that p53 isoforms play in cancer development, therapy response and resistance. The review provides a summary of studies demonstrating the role of p53 isoforms as potential prognostic indicators. It further provides evidence on how the presence of TP53 mutations may affect one or more of these activities and the association of p53 isoforms with clinicopathological data in various tumour types. The review gives insight into the present diagnostic hurdles for identifying TP53 isoforms and makes recommendations to improve their evaluation. In conclusion, this review offers suggestions for enhancing the identification and integration of TP53 isoforms in conjunction with mutation data within the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalita Ray Das
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Annette Lasham
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Te Aka Mātauranga Matepukupuku (Centre for Cancer Research), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Wright
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Te Aka Mātauranga Matepukupuku (Centre for Cancer Research), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tania Slatter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antony Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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3
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Levine AJ. Improving T cell killing and understanding senescence: Possible roles for TP53 in cancer immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402533121. [PMID: 38466858 PMCID: PMC10962976 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402533121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold J. Levine
- Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ08540
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Al-Danakh A, Safi M, Jian Y, Yang L, Zhu X, Chen Q, Yang K, Wang S, Zhang J, Yang D. Aging-related biomarker discovery in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348189. [PMID: 38590525 PMCID: PMC11000233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Older patients with cancer, particularly those over 75 years of age, often experience poorer clinical outcomes compared to younger patients. This can be attributed to age-related comorbidities, weakened immune function, and reduced tolerance to treatment-related adverse effects. In the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) era, age has emerged as an influential factor impacting the discovery of predictive biomarkers for ICI treatment. These age-linked changes in the immune system can influence the composition and functionality of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) that play a crucial role in the cancer response. Older patients may have lower levels of TIICs infiltration due to age-related immune senescence particularly T cell function, which can limit the effectivity of cancer immunotherapies. Furthermore, age-related immune dysregulation increases the exhaustion of immune cells, characterized by the dysregulation of ICI-related biomarkers and a dampened response to ICI. Our review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the impact of age on ICI-related biomarkers and ICI response. Understanding these mechanisms will facilitate the development of treatment approaches tailored to elderly individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Danakh
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mohammed Safi
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuli Jian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinqing Zhu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kangkang Yang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Deyong Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Surgery, Healinghands Clinic, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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5
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Yu PJ, Zhou M, Liu Y, Du J. Senescent T Cells in Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0219. [PMID: 38502582 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-induced alterations in human immunity are often considered deleterious and are referred to as immunosenescence. The immune system monitors the number of senescent cells in the body, while immunosenescence may represent the initiation of systemic aging. Immune cells, particularly T cells, are the most impacted and involved in age-related immune function deterioration, making older individuals more prone to different age-related diseases. T-cell senescence can impact the effectiveness of immunotherapies that rely on the immune system's function, including vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapies. The research and practice of using senescent T cells as therapeutic targets to intervene in age-related diseases are in their nascent stages. Therefore, in this review, we summarize recent related literature to investigate the characteristics of senescent T cells as well as their formation mechanisms, relationship with various aging-related diseases, and means of intervention. The primary objective of this article is to explore the prospects and possibilities of therapeutically targeting senescent T cells, serving as a valuable resource for the development of immunotherapy and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Roselle C, Horikawa I, Chen L, Kelly AR, Gonzales D, Da T, Wellhausen N, Rommel PC, Baker D, Suhoski M, Scholler J, O'Connor RS, Young RM, Harris CC, June CH. Enhancing chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy by modulating the p53 signaling network with Δ133p53α. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317735121. [PMID: 38408246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317735121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell dysfunction is a major barrier to achieving lasting remission in hematologic cancers, especially in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We have shown previously that Δ133p53α, an endogenous isoform of the human TP53 gene, decreases in expression with age in human T cells, and that reconstitution of Δ133p53α in poorly functional T cells can rescue proliferation [A. M. Mondal et al., J. Clin. Invest. 123, 5247-5257 (2013)]. Although Δ133p53α lacks a transactivation domain, it can form heterooligomers with full-length p53 and modulate the p53-mediated stress response [I. Horikawa et al., Cell Death Differ. 24, 1017-1028 (2017)]. Here, we show that constitutive expression of Δ133p53α potentiates the anti-tumor activity of CD19-directed CAR T cells and limits dysfunction under conditions of high tumor burden and metabolic stress. We demonstrate that Δ133p53α-expressing CAR T cells exhibit a robust metabolic phenotype, maintaining the ability to execute effector functions and continue proliferating under nutrient-limiting conditions, in part due to upregulation of critical biosynthetic processes and improved mitochondrial function. Importantly, we show that our strategy to constitutively express Δ133p53α improves the anti-tumor efficacy of CAR T cells generated from CLL patients that previously failed CAR T cell therapy. More broadly, our results point to the potential role of the p53-mediated stress response in limiting the prolonged antitumor functions required for complete tumor clearance in patients with high disease burden, suggesting that modulation of the p53 signaling network with Δ133p53α may represent a translationally viable strategy for improving CAR T cell therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Antigens, CD19
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Roselle
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Izumi Horikawa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Linhui Chen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andre R Kelly
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Donna Gonzales
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Tong Da
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nils Wellhausen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Philipp C Rommel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Daniel Baker
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Megan Suhoski
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - John Scholler
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Roddy S O'Connor
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Regina M Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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7
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Li R, Li Y, Zuo H, Pei G, Huang S, Hou Y. Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Accelerates Cell Senescence and Suppresses SIRT1 in Human Neural Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:189. [PMID: 38397428 PMCID: PMC10886734 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As a lifelong source of neurons, neural stem cells (NSCs) serve multiple crucial functions in the brain. The senescence of NSCs may be associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study reveals a noteworthy finding, indicating that the AD-associated pathogenic protein amyloid-β (Aβ) substantially enhances senescence-related characteristics of human NSCs. These characteristics encompass the enhanced expression of p16 and p21, the upregulation of genes associated with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), increased SA-β-gal activity, and the activation of the DNA damage response. Further studies revealed that Aβ treatment significantly downregulates the SIRT1 protein which plays a crucial role in regulating the aging process and decreases downstream PGC-1α and FOXO3. Subsequently, we found that SIRT1 overexpression significantly alleviates a range of Aβ-induced senescent markers in human NSCs. Taken together, our results uncover that Aβ accelerates cellular senescence in human NSCs, making SIRT1 a highly promising therapeutic target for senescent NSCs which may contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyao Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (R.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (R.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Liangzhu Laboratory of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Haowei Zuo
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (R.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100100, China
| | - Shichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yujun Hou
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (R.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
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Yin P, Chen M, Rao M, Lin Y, Zhang M, Xu R, Hu X, Chen R, Chai W, Huang X, Yu H, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Tang P. Deciphering Immune Landscape Remodeling Unravels the Underlying Mechanism for Synchronized Muscle and Bone Aging. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304084. [PMID: 38088531 PMCID: PMC10837389 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Evidence from numerous studies has revealed the synchronous progression of aging in bone and muscle; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To this end, human muscles and bones are harvested and the aging-associated transcriptional dynamics of two tissues in parallel using single-cell RNA sequencing are surveyed. A subset of lipid-associated macrophages (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, TREM2+ Macs) is identified in both aged muscle and bone. Genes responsible for muscle dystrophy and bone loss, such as secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), are also highly expressed in TREM2+ Macs, suggesting its conserved role in aging-related features. A common transition toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes in aged CD4+ T cells across tissues is also observed, activated by the nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1). CD4+ T cells in aged muscle experience Th1-like differentiation, whereas, in bone, a skewing toward Th17 cells is observed. Furthermore, these results highlight that degenerated myocytes produce BAG6-containing exosomes that can communicate with Th17 cells in the bone through its receptor natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 (NCR3). This communication upregulates CD6 expression in Th17 cells, which then interact with TREM2+ Macs through CD6-ALCAM signaling, ultimately stimulating the transcription of SPP1 in TREM2+ Macs. The negative correlation between serum exosomal BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6) levels and bone mineral density further supports its role in mediating muscle and bone synchronization with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbin Yin
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Ming Chen
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Man Rao
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
- Analytical Biosciences LimitedBeijing100191China
| | - Yuan Lin
- The Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin150086China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Ren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Xueda Hu
- Analytical Biosciences LimitedBeijing100191China
| | - Ruijing Chen
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Wei Chai
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Haikuan Yu
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development StudiesNational School of DevelopmentPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central LaboratoryHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanya572013China
| | - Yi Li
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Senior Department of OrthopedicsThe Fourth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing100048China
- National Clinical Research Center for OrthopedicsSports Medicine & RehabilitationBeijing100048China
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9
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Kasamatsu T. Implications of Senescent T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5835. [PMID: 38136380 PMCID: PMC10742305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell senescence is thought to result from the age-related loss of the ability to mount effective responses to pathogens and tumor cells. In addition to aging, T-cell senescence is caused by repeated antigenic stimulation and chronic inflammation. Moreover, we demonstrated that T-cell senescence was induced by treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents. The characteristics of therapy-induced senescent T (TIS-T) cells and general senescent T cells are largely similar. Senescent T cells demonstrate an increase in the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase-positive population, cell cycle arrest, secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotypic factors, and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, senescent T cells downregulate the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD27 and CD28 and upregulate natural killer cell-related molecules. Moreover, TIS-T cells showed increased PD-1 expression. However, the loss of proliferative capacity and decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecules associated with T-cell senescence cause a decrease in T-cell immunocompetence. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of senescent T-cells, including therapy-induced senescent T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8514, Gunma, Japan
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10
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Liu J, Liu J, Qin G, Li J, Fu Z, Li J, Li M, Guo C, Zhao M, Zhang Z, Li F, Zhao X, Wang L, Zhang Y. MDSCs-derived GPR84 induces CD8 + T-cell senescence via p53 activation to suppress the antitumor response. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007802. [PMID: 38016719 PMCID: PMC10685939 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS G-protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) marks a subset of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) with stronger immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Yet, how GPR84 endowed the stronger inhibition of MDSCs to CD8+ T cells function is not well established. In this study, we aimed to identify the underlying mechanism behind the immunosuppression of CD8+ T cells by GPR84+ MDSCs. METHODS The role and underlying mechanism that MDSCs or exosomes (Exo) regulates the function of CD8+ T cells were investigated using immunofluorescence, fluorescence activating cell sorter (FACS), quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, ELISA, Confocal, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), etc. In vivo efficacy and mechanistic studies were conducted with wild type, GPR84 and p53 knockout C57/BL6 mice. RESULTS Here, we showed that the transfer of GPR84 from MDSCs to CD8+ T cells via the Exo attenuated the antitumor response. This inhibitory effect was also observed in GPR84-overexpressed CD8+ T cells, whereas depleting GPR84 elevated CD8+ T cells proliferation and function in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq analysis of CD8+ T cells demonstrated the activation of the p53 signaling pathway in CD8+ T cells treated with GPR84+ MDSCs culture medium. While knockout p53 did not induce senescence in CD8+ T cells treated with GPR84+ MDSCs. The per cent of GPR84+ CD8+ T cells work as a negative indicator for patients' prognosis and response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that the transfer of GPR84 from MDSCs to CD8+ T cells induces T-cell senescence via the p53 signaling pathway, which could explain the strong immunosuppression of GPR84 endowed to MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jieyao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Caijuan Guo
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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11
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Fu Z, Xu H, Yue L, Zheng W, Pan L, Gao F, Liu X. Immunosenescence and cancer: Opportunities and challenges. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36045. [PMID: 38013358 PMCID: PMC10681516 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As individuals age, cancer becomes increasingly common. This continually rising risk can be attributed to various interconnected factors that influence the body's susceptibility to cancer. Among these factors, the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues and the subsequent decline in immune cell function and proliferative potential are collectively referred to as immunosenescence. Reduced T-cell production, changes in secretory phenotypes, increased glycolysis, and the generation of reactive oxygen species are characteristics of immunosenescence that contribute to cancer susceptibility. In the tumor microenvironment, senescent immune cells may promote the growth and spread of tumors through multiple pathways, thereby affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy. In recent years, immunosenescence has gained increasing attention due to its critical role in tumor development. However, our understanding of how immunosenescence specifically impacts cancer immunotherapy remains limited, primarily due to the underrepresentation of elderly patients in clinical trials. Furthermore, there are several age-related intervention methods, including metformin and rapamycin, which involve genetic and pharmaceutical approaches. This article aims to elucidate the defining characteristics of immunosenescence and its impact on malignant tumors and immunotherapy. We particularly focus on the future directions of cancer treatment, exploring the complex interplay between immunosenescence, cancer, and potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Fu
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hailong Xu
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lanping Yue
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Linkang Pan
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fangyi Gao
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xingshan Liu
- Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
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12
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Harris C, Joruiz S, Von Muhlinen N, Horikawa I, Gilbert M. Distinct functions of wild-type and R273H mutant Δ133p53α differentially regulate glioblastoma aggressiveness and therapy-induced senescence. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3370608. [PMID: 37986881 PMCID: PMC10659536 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3370608/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Mutations effects on p53 isoforms' activities remain largely unknown, although they are mutated in 92% of TP53 mutant cancers. Therefore, exploring the effect of mutations on p53 isoforms activities is a critical, albeit unexplored area in the p53 field. In this article, we report for the first time a mutant Δ133p53α-specific pathway which increases IL4I1 and IDO1 expression and activates AHR, a tumor-promoting mechanism. Accordingly, mutant Δ133p53α R273H increases glioblastoma cancer cells proliferation and invasion while the WT does not. Furthermore, while WT Δ133p53α reduces apoptosis to promote DNA repair, the mutant also reduces apoptosis but fails to maintain genomic stability.Furthermore, both WT and mutant Δ133p53α reduce cellular senescence in a senescence inducer-dependent manner (temozolomide or radiation) because they regulate different senescence-associated target genes. Hence, WT Δ133p53α rescues temozolomide-induced but not radiation-induced senescence, while mutant Δ133p53α R273H rescues radiation-induced but not temozolomide-induced senescence. Lastly, using TCGA data, we determined that IL4I1, IDO1 and AHR are significantly higher in GBMs compared to LGGs. IL4I1 expression is increased in mutant TP53 LGGs and GBMs, although only significantly in LGG. Importantly, high expression of all three genes in LGG and IL4I1 in GBM is significantly associated with poorer patients' survival. These data show that, compared to WT Δ133p53α, R273H mutation reorientates its activities toward carcinogenesis and activates the oncogenic IL4I1/IDO1/AHR pathway, a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in GBM by combining drugs specifically modulating Δ133p53α expression and IDO1/Il4I1/AHR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark Gilbert
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
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13
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Sobhani N, Mondani G, Roviello G, Catalano M, Sirico M, D'Angelo A, Scaggiante B, Generali D. Cancer management during the COVID-19 world pandemic. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3427-3444. [PMID: 37642709 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Since 2019, the world has been experiencing an outbreak of a novel beta-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2. The worldwide spread of this virus has been a severe challenge for public health, and the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. As of June 8, 2023, the virus' rapid spread had caused over 767 million infections and more than 6.94 million deaths worldwide. Unlike previous SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreaks, the COVID-19 outbreak has led to a high death rate in infected patients; this has been caused by multiorgan failure, which might be due to the widespread presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors-functional receptors of SARS-CoV-2-in multiple organs. Patients with cancer may be particularly susceptible to COVID-19 because cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy) suppress the immune system. Thus, patients with cancer and COVID-19 may have a poor prognosis. Knowing how to manage the treatment of patients with cancer who may be infected with SARS-CoV-2 is essential. Treatment decisions must be made on a case-by-case basis, and patient stratification is necessary during COVID-19 outbreaks. Here, we review the management of COVID-19 in patients with cancer and focus on the measures that should be adopted for these patients on the basis of the organs or tissues affected by cancer and by the tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Giuseppina Mondani
- Royal Infirmary Hospital, Foresterhill Health Campus, Foresterhill Rd, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- Royal Infirmary Hospital, Foresterhill Health Campus, Foresterhill Rd, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AX, UK
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, 26100, Cremona, Italy
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14
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Groen K, Steffens Reinhardt L, Bourdon JC, Avery-Kiejda KA. It is not all about the alpha: elevated expression of p53β variants is associated with lower probability of survival in a retrospective melanoma cohort. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:228. [PMID: 37794430 PMCID: PMC10548590 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer and despite improvements in treatment outcomes, melanoma claimed 57,043 lives in 2020. In most malignancies, p53 mutation rates are above 50% and provide prognostic indications. However, in melanoma where less than a quarter of cases harbour a p53 mutation, the significance of the tumour suppressor may be questioned. Instead, p53 isoforms, which modulate p53's canonical function, may be of greater clinical importance. METHODS The expression of p53 isoforms was evaluated in 123 melanoma specimens by immunohistochemistry using p53 isoform-specific antibodies (DO-1, KJC8, KJC40, and KJC133). To determine whether TP53 mutations may be driving p53 isoform expression, TP53 was sequenced in 30 FFPE melanoma samples. RESULTS The C-terminally truncated p53β isoforms (KJC8) were found to be the most highly expressed p53 isoforms compared to all other isoforms. Further, elevated KJC8 staining was found to correlate with reduced probability of melanoma-specific survival, while KJC40 staining (Δ40p53) positively correlated with reduced melanoma thickness. TAp53 isoforms (p53 retaining both transactivation domains, DO-1), were the second highest p53 isoforms expressed across all samples. Elevated DO-1 staining was also associated with worse survival outcomes and more advanced stages of cancer. Given that the isoforms are likely to work in concert, composite isoform profiles were generated. Composite biomarker profiles revealed that elevated TAp53 (DO-1) and p53β (KJC8) expression, accompanied by low Δ40p53 (KJC40) and Δ133p53 (KJC133) expression was associated with the worst survival outcomes. Supporting the lack of predictive biomarker potential of TP53 in melanoma, no clinicopathological or p53 isoform expression associations could be linked to TP53 status. CONCLUSIONS Given the lack of prognostic biomarker potential derived from TP53 status, this study highlights how p53 isoform expression might progress this field and, pending further validation, may provide additional information to treating oncologists that might be factored into treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Groen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 3 West, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Luiza Steffens Reinhardt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 3 West, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 3 West, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
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15
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Kasamatsu T, Awata-Shiraiwa M, Ishihara R, Murakami Y, Masuda Y, Gotoh N, Oda T, Yokohama A, Matsumura I, Handa H, Tsukamoto N, Murakami H, Saitoh T. Sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents induce senescence in T cells and upregulation of PD-1 expression. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2695-2703. [PMID: 36913034 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest, usually in response to internal and/or external stress, including telomere dysfunction, abnormal cellular growth, and DNA damage. Several chemotherapeutic drugs, such as melphalan (MEL) and doxorubicin (DXR), induce cellular senescence in cancer cells. However, it is not clear whether these drugs induce senescence in immune cells. We evaluated the induction of cellular senescence in T cells were derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in healthy donors using sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents. The PBMNCs were kept overnight in RPMI 1640 medium with 2% phytohemagglutinin and 10% fetal bovine serum and then cultured in RPMI 1640 with 20 ng/mL IL-2 and sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic drugs (2 μM MEL and 50 nM DXR) for 48 h. Sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents induced phenotypes associated with senescence, such as the formation of γH2AX nuclear foci, cell proliferation arrest, and induction of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, (control vs. MEL, DXR; median mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) 1883 (1130-2163) vs. 2233 (1385-2254), 2406.5 (1377-3119), respectively) in T cells. IL6 and SPP1 mRNA, which are senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, were significantly upregulated by sublethal doses of MEL and DXR compared to the control (P = 0.043 and 0.018, respectively). Moreover, sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents significantly enhanced the expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on CD3 + CD4 + and CD3 + CD8 + T cells compared to the control (CD4 + T cells; P = 0.043, 0.043, and 0.043, respectively, CD8 + T cells; P = 0.043, 0.043, and 0.043, respectively). Our results suggest that sub-lethal doses of chemotherapeutic agents induce senescence in T cells and tumor immunosuppression by upregulating PD-1 expression on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan.
| | - Maaya Awata-Shiraiwa
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Rei Ishihara
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Yuta Masuda
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Oda
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ikuko Matsumura
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0034, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0034, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tsukamoto
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, 191-1 Kawamagari-Cho, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0823, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
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16
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Liu Z, Liang Q, Ren Y, Guo C, Ge X, Wang L, Cheng Q, Luo P, Zhang Y, Han X. Immunosenescence: molecular mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:200. [PMID: 37179335 PMCID: PMC10182360 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection susceptibility, poor vaccination efficacy, age-related disease onset, and neoplasms are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging (known as immunosenescence). During aging, organisms tend to develop a characteristic inflammatory state that expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory markers, termed inflammaging. This chronic inflammation is a typical phenomenon linked to immunosenescence and it is considered the major risk factor for age-related diseases. Thymic involution, naïve/memory cell ratio imbalance, dysregulated metabolism, and epigenetic alterations are striking features of immunosenescence. Disturbed T-cell pools and chronic antigen stimulation mediate premature senescence of immune cells, and senescent immune cells develop a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype that exacerbates inflammaging. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be addressed, it is well documented that senescent T cells and inflammaging might be major driving forces in immunosenescence. Potential counteractive measures will be discussed, including intervention of cellular senescence and metabolic-epigenetic axes to mitigate immunosenescence. In recent years, immunosenescence has attracted increasing attention for its role in tumor development. As a result of the limited participation of elderly patients, the impact of immunosenescence on cancer immunotherapy is unclear. Despite some surprising results from clinical trials and drugs, it is necessary to investigate the role of immunosenescence in cancer and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qimeng Liang
- Nephrology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 4500052, Henan, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ge
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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17
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Steffens Reinhardt L, Groen K, Newton C, Avery-Kiejda KA. The role of truncated p53 isoforms in the DNA damage response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188882. [PMID: 36977456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 is activated following genotoxic stress and regulates the expression of target genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR). The discovery that p53 isoforms alter the transcription of p53 target genes or p53 protein interactions unveiled an alternative DDR. This review will focus on the role p53 isoforms play in response to DNA damage. The expression of the C-terminally truncated p53 isoforms may be modulated via DNA damage-induced alternative splicing, whereas alternative translation plays an important role in modulating the expression of N-terminally truncated isoforms. The DDR induced by p53 isoforms may enhance the canonical p53 DDR or block cell death mechanisms in a DNA damage- and cell-specific manner, which could contribute to chemoresistance in a cancer context. Thus, a better understanding of the involvement of p53 isoforms in the cell fate decisions could uncover potential therapeutic targets in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Steffens Reinhardt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kira Groen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheryl Newton
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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18
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Wang X, Guo S, Zhou H, Sun Y, Gan J, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Zhang C, Wang P, Zhi H, Gao Y, Chen X, Ning S. Pan-cancer transcriptomic analysis identified six classes of immunosenescence genes revealed molecular links between aging, immune system and cancer. Genes Immun 2023. [PMID: 36807625 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that significantly impacts the immune system. The aging-related decline of the immune system, termed immunosenescence, can lead to disease development, including cancer. The perturbation of immunosenescence genes may characterize the associations between cancer and aging. However, the systematical characterization of immunosenescence genes in pan-cancer remains largely unexplored. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the expression of immunosenescence genes and their roles in 26 types of cancer. We developed an integrated computational pipeline to identify and characterize immunosenescence genes in cancer based on the expression profiles of immune genes and clinical information of patients. We identified 2218 immunosenescence genes that were significantly dysregulated in a wide variety of cancers. These immunosenescence genes were divided into six categories based on their relationships with aging. Besides, we assessed the importance of immunosenescence genes in clinical prognosis and identified 1327 genes serving as prognostic markers in cancers. BTN3A1, BTN3A2, CTSD, CYTIP, HIF1AN, and RASGRP1 were associated with ICB immunotherapy response and served as prognostic factors after ICB immunotherapy in melanoma. Collectively, our results furthered the understanding of the relationship between immunosenescence and cancer and provided insights into immunotherapy for patients.
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19
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Liu L, Mondal AM, Liu X. Crosstalk of moderate ROS and PARP-1 contributes to sustainable proliferation of conditionally reprogrammed keratinocytes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23262. [PMID: 36424367 PMCID: PMC10078201 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Conditionally reprogrammed cell (CRC) technique is a promising model for biomedical and toxicological research. In the present study, our data first demonstrated an increased level of PARP-1 in conditionally reprogrammed human foreskin keratinocytes (CR-HFKs). We then found that PARP inhibitor ABT-888 (ABT), reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), or combination (ABT + NAC) were able to inhibit cell proliferation, ROS, PARP-1, and ROS related protein, NRF2, and NOX1. Interestingly, knockdown of endogenous PARP-1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, indicating that the increased PARP-1 expression was critical for CR. Importantly, we found that a moderate level of ROS contributed the cell proliferation and increased PARP-1 since knockdown of PARP-1 also inhibited the ROS. The similar inhibition of cell proliferation, ROS, and expression of PARP-1 and NRF2 proteins was observed when CR-HFKs were treated with hydroquinone (HQ), a key component from skin-lightening products. Moreover, the treatment of HQ plus treatment of ABT, NAC, or combination can further inhibit cell proliferation, ROS, expression of PARP-1, and NRF2 proteins. PARP-1 knockdown inhibited the population doubling (PDL) and treatment of HQ inhibited the PDL further, as well as the change of ROS. Finally, we discovered that pathways including cyclin D1, NRF2, Rb and pRb, CHK2, and p53, were involved in cell proliferation inhibition with HQ. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that crosstalk between ROS and PARP-1 involves in the cell proliferation in CR-HFKs, and that inhibition of CR-HFK proliferation with HQ is through modulating G1 cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Liu
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown, Washington, USA.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, Dongguan, China
| | - Abdul M Mondal
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown, Washington, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown, Washington, USA.,Wexner Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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20
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Gabai Y, Assouline B, Ben-Porath I. Senescent stromal cells: roles in the tumor microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:28-41. [PMID: 36208990 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence forms a barrier to tumorigenesis, by inducing cell cycle arrest in damaged and mutated cells. However, once formed, senescent cells often emit paracrine signals that can either promote or suppress tumorigenesis. There is evidence that, in addition to cancer cells, subsets of tumor stromal cells, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, undergo senescence. Such senescent stromal cells can influence cancer development and progression and represent potential targets for therapy. However, understanding of their characteristics and roles is limited and few studies have dissected their functions in vivo. Here, we discuss current knowledge and pertinent questions regarding the presence of senescent stromal cells in cancers, the triggers that elicit their formation, and their potential roles within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Gabai
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Assouline
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ittai Ben-Porath
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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21
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Ju SH, Ku BJ. Effects of rosuvastatin/ezetimibe on senescence of CD8+ T-cell in type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia: A study protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31691. [PMID: 36451471 PMCID: PMC9704954 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decade ago, systemic inflammation became widely recognized as an etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and complications thereof. Senescent CD8 + T cells of T2DM patients exhibit increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced expression of cytotoxic molecules, contributing to systemic inflammation. Recently, many anti-inflammatory roles played by statins and ezetimibe (cholesterol-lowering drugs) have been reported. We will explore the effects of statin/ezetimibe therapy on CD8 + T cell senescence in patients with T2DM and hypercholesterolemia. METHODS This 2-group, parallel, randomized, controlled clinical trial will recruit 108 subjects with T2DM and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels ≥100 mg/dL and randomly assign them to rosuvastatin/ezetimibe and rosuvastatin groups at a 1:1 ratio. Blood samples will be drawn at baseline and after 12 weeks of medication. The primary outcomes will be the LDL-C-lowering effects after 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes will be changes in the senescent (CD28 - CD57+) CD8 + T cell proportions; the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, cytotoxic molecules, interleukin-1, transforming growth factor-β, fasting glucose, and HbA1c; and biochemical indices of kidney, liver, and muscle function. Symptoms and signs of predictable adverse events (myopathy and hepatitis) will be routinely monitored. DISCUSSION We will evaluate the effects of statin/ezetimibe on CD8 + T cell senescence. Statin/ezetimibe may exert a beneficial immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeon Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * Correspondence: Bon Jeong Ku, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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22
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Rutella S, Vadakekolathu J, Mazziotta F, Reeder S, Yau TO, Mukhopadhyay R, Dickins B, Altmann H, Kramer M, Knaus HA, Blazar BR, Radojcic V, Zeidner JF, Arruda A, Wang B, Abbas HA, Minden MD, Tasian SK, Bornhäuser M, Gojo I, Luznik L. Immune dysfunction signatures predict outcomes and define checkpoint blockade-unresponsive microenvironments in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e159579. [PMID: 36099049 PMCID: PMC9621145 DOI: 10.1172/jci159579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundImmune exhaustion and senescence are dominant dysfunctional states of effector T cells and major hurdles for the success of cancer immunotherapy. In the current study, we characterized how acute myeloid leukemia (AML) promotes the generation of senescent-like CD8+ T cells and whether they have prognostic relevance.METHODSWe analyzed NanoString, bulk RNA-Seq and single-cell RNA-Seq data from independent clinical cohorts comprising 1,896 patients treated with chemotherapy and/or immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).ResultsWe show that senescent-like bone marrow CD8+ T cells were impaired in killing autologous AML blasts and that their proportion negatively correlated with overall survival (OS). We defined what we believe to be new immune effector dysfunction (IED) signatures using 2 gene expression profiling platforms and reported that IED scores correlated with adverse-risk molecular lesions, stemness, and poor outcomes; these scores were a more powerful predictor of OS than 2017-ELN risk or leukemia stem cell (LSC17) scores. IED expression signatures also identified an ICB-unresponsive tumor microenvironment and predicted significantly shorter OS.ConclusionThe IED scores provided improved AML-risk stratification and could facilitate the delivery of personalized immunotherapies to patients who are most likely to benefit.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02845297.FUNDINGJohn and Lucille van Geest Foundation, Nottingham Trent University's Health & Wellbeing Strategic Research Theme, NIH/NCI P01CA225618, Genentech-imCORE ML40354, Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP8-2297-3-494).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jayakumar Vadakekolathu
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Mazziotta
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Reeder
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tung-On Yau
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rupkatha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Dickins
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Altmann
- Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kramer
- Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanna A. Knaus
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vedran Radojcic
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua F. Zeidner
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Arruda
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bofei Wang
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine and
| | - Hussein A. Abbas
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine and
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark D. Minden
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah K. Tasian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivana Gojo
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Diorio C, Murray R, Naniong M, Barrera L, Camblin A, Chukinas J, Coholan L, Edwards A, Fuller T, Gonzales C, Grupp SA, Ladd A, Le M, Messana A, Musenge F, Newman H, Poh YC, Poulin H, Ryan T, Shraim R, Tasian SK, Vincent T, Young L, Zhang Y, Ciaramella G, Gehrke J, Teachey DT. Cytosine base editing enables quadruple-edited allogeneic CART cells for T-ALL. Blood 2022; 140:619-629. [PMID: 35560156 PMCID: PMC9373016 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapies require multiple gene edits to be clinically tractable. Most allogeneic CARTs have been created using gene editing techniques that induce DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs), resulting in unintended on-target editing outcomes with potentially unforeseen consequences. Cytosine base editors (CBEs) install C•G to T•A point mutations in T cells, with between 90% and 99% efficiency to silence gene expression without creating DSBs, greatly reducing or eliminating undesired editing outcomes following multiplexed editing as compared with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Using CBE, we developed 7CAR8, a CD7-directed allogeneic CART created using 4 simultaneous base edits. We show that CBE, unlike CRISPR-Cas9, does not impact T-cell proliferation, lead to aberrant DNA damage response pathway activation, or result in karyotypic abnormalities following multiplexed editing. We demonstrate 7CAR8 to be highly efficacious against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) using multiple in vitro and in vivo models. Thus, CBE is a promising technology for applications requiring multiplexed gene editing and can be used to manufacture quadruple-edited 7CAR8 cells, with high potential for clinical translation for relapsed and refractory T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diorio
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | | | | | | | | | - John Chukinas
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Tori Fuller
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Stephan A Grupp
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Haley Newman
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | | | | | - Theresa Ryan
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rawan Shraim
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Tiffaney Vincent
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | - David T Teachey
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and
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Rao L, Zhang K, Luo H, He S, Li Y, Liu C, Yang Y, Wang D. The ability of inflammatory markers to recognize infection in cancer patients with fever at admission. Immunol Res 2022. [PMID: 35764901 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Infection is one of the main causes of death in cancer patients. Accurate identification of fever caused by infection could avoid unnecessary antibiotic treatment and hospitalization. This study evaluated the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and other commonly used inflammatory markers in suspected infected adult cancer patients with fever, for better use of antibiotics. This research retrospective analyzed the clinical data of 102 adult cancer patients with fever and compared the serum levels of commonly used inflammatory markers for different fever reasons. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses were performed. In adult cancer patients with fever, the serum PCT, CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 levels of infected patients were significantly higher than uninfected patients (median 1.19 ng/ml vs 0.14 ng/ml, 93.11 mg/l vs 56.55 mg/l, 123.74 pg/ml vs 47.35 pg/ml, 8.74 pg/ml vs 3.22 pg/ml; Mann-Whitney p = 0.000, p = 0.009, p = 0.004, p = 0.000, respectively). The ROC area under the curve(AUC) was 0.769 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.681-0.857; p = 0.000) for PCT, 0.664 (95% CI 0.554-0.775; p = 0.009) for CRP, 0.681(95% CI 0.576-0.785; p = 0.004) for IL-6, and 0.731(95% CI 0.627-0.834; p = 0.000) for IL-10. PCT had specificity of 96.67% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 97.6%, when the cut-off value is set as 0.69 ng/ml. The serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels also had significant differences between the infected and uninfected cancer patients with advanced disease (median 128.92 pg/ml vs 36.40 pg/ml, 8.05 pg/ml vs 2.92 pg/ml; Mann-Whitney p = 0.003, p = 0.001, respectively). For the patients with neutropenia, IL-6 and IL-10 had higher AUC of 0.811 and 0.928, respectively. With a cut-off of 9.10 pg/ml, IL-10 had the highest sensitivity 83.33% and specificity 100%. In adult cancer patients, PCT had the best performance compared to CRP, IL-6, and IL-10 in differentiating infected from uninfected causes of fever, with high specificity and PPV. IL-6 and IL-10 might be useful in cancer patients with severe bloodstream infections and advanced disease. However, for patients with neutropenia, IL-10 might be more valuable than PCT in diagnosing infection.
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Abstract
Simple Summary The well-known tumor suppressor protein p53 plays important roles in tumor prevention through transcriptional regulation of its target genes. Reactivation of p53 activity has been a potent strategy for cancer treatment. Accumulating evidences indicate that p53 isoforms truncated/modified in the N- or C-terminus can modulate the p53 pathway in a p53-dependent or p53-independent manner. It is thus imperative to characterize the roles of the p53 isoforms in cancer development. This review illustrates how p53 isoforms participate in tumor development and/or suppression. It also summarizes the knowledge about the p53 isoforms as promising cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Abstract This review aims to summarize the implications of the major isoforms of the tumor suppressor protein p53 in aggressive cancer development. The current knowledge of p53 isoforms, their involvement in cell-signaling pathways, and their interactions with other cellular proteins or factors suggests the existence of an intricate molecular network that regulates their oncogenic function. Moreover, existing literature about the involvement of the p53 isoforms in various cancers leads to the proposition of therapeutic solutions by altering the cellular levels of the p53 isoforms. This review thus summarizes how the major p53 isoforms Δ40p53α/β/γ, Δ133p53α/β/γ, and Δ160p53α/β/γ might have clinical relevance in the diagnosis and effective treatments of cancer.
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26
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Steffens Reinhardt L, Groen K, Morten BC, Bourdon JC, Avery-Kiejda KA. Cytoplasmic p53β Isoforms Are Associated with Worse Disease-Free Survival in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6670. [PMID: 35743117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations are associated with tumour progression, resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. However, in breast cancer, TP53′s overall mutation frequency is lower than expected (~25%), suggesting that other mechanisms may be responsible for the disruption of this critical tumour suppressor. p53 isoforms are known to enhance or disrupt p53 pathway activity in cell- and context-specific manners. Our previous study revealed that p53 isoform mRNA expression correlates with clinicopathological features and survival in breast cancer and may account for the dysregulation of the p53 pathway in the absence of TP53 mutations. Hence, in this study, the protein expression of p53 isoforms, transactivation domain p53 (TAp53), p53β, Δ40p53, Δ133p53 and Δ160p53 was analysed using immunohistochemistry in a cohort of invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 108). p53 isoforms presented distinct cellular localisation, with some isoforms being expressed in tumour cells and others in infiltrating immune cells. Moreover, high levels of p53β, most likely to be N-terminally truncated β variants, were significantly associated with worse disease-free survival, especially in tumours with wild-type TP53. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that analysed the endogenous protein levels of p53 isoforms in a breast cancer cohort. Our findings suggest that p53β may be a useful prognostic marker.
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Madeddu C, Donisi C, Liscia N, Lai E, Scartozzi M, Macciò A. EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Resistance to Immunotherapy: Role of the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6489. [PMID: 35742933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. About 10–30% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbor mutations of the EGFR gene. The Tumor Microenvironment (TME) of patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations displays peculiar characteristics and may modulate the antitumor immune response. EGFR activation increases PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, inducing T cell apoptosis and immune escape. EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) strengthen MHC class I and II antigen presentation in response to IFN-γ, boost CD8+ T-cells levels and DCs, eliminate FOXP3+ Tregs, inhibit macrophage polarization into the M2 phenotype, and decrease PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Thus, targeted therapy blocks specific signaling pathways, whereas immunotherapy stimulates the immune system to attack tumor cells evading immune surveillance. A combination of TKIs and immunotherapy may have suboptimal synergistic effects. However, data are controversial because activated EGFR signaling allows NSCLC cells to use multiple strategies to create an immunosuppressive TME, including recruitment of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Tregs and the production of inhibitory cytokines and metabolites. Therefore, these mechanisms should be characterized and targeted by a combined pharmacological approach that also concerns disease stage, cancer-related inflammation with related systemic symptoms, and the general status of the patients to overcome the single-drug resistance development.
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28
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Guan L, Crasta KC, Maier AB. Assessment of cell cycle regulators in human peripheral blood cells as markers of cellular senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101634. [PMID: 35460888 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence has gained increasing interest during recent years, particularly due to causal involvement in the aging process corroborated by multiple experimental findings. Indeed, cellular senescence considered to be one of the hallmarks of aging, is defined as a stable growth arrest predominantly mediated by cell cycle regulators p53, p21 and p16. Senescent cells have frequently been studied in the peripheral blood of humans due to its accessibility. This review summarizes ex vivo studies describing cell cycle regulators as markers of senescence in human peripheral blood cells, along with detection methodologies and associative studies examining demographic and clinical characteristics. The utility of techniques such as the quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), microarray, RNA sequencing and nCounter technologies for detection at the transcriptional level, along with Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry at the translational level, will be brought up at salient points throughout this review. Notably, housekeeping genes or proteins serving as controls such as GAPDH and β-Actin, were found not to be stably expressed in some contexts. As such, optimization and validation of such genes during experimental design were recommended. In addition, the expression of cell cycle regulators was found to vary not only between different types of blood cells such as T cells and B cells but also between stages of cellular differentiation such as naïve T cells and highly differentiated T cells. On the other hand, the associations of the presence of cell cycle regulators with demographics (age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status), clinical characteristics (body mass index, specific diseases, disease-related parameters) and lifestyle vary in groups of participants. One envisions that increased understanding and insights into the assessment of cell cycle regulators as markers of senescence in human peripheral blood cells will help inform prognostication and clinical intervention in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuan Guan
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Karen C Crasta
- Healthy Longevity Translational Researc h Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A⁎STAR), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Singapore.
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Healthy Longevity Translational Researc h Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands.
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Sun Y, Wang X, Liu T, Zhu X, Pan X. The multifaceted role of the SASP in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:74. [PMID: 35642067 PMCID: PMC9153125 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global population of older individuals is growing, and ageing is a key risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal accumulation of senescent cells can cause potentially deleterious effects on the organism with age. As a vital marker of cellular senescence, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a novel mechanism to link cellular senescence with atherosclerosis. MAIN BODY In this review, we concretely describe the characteristics of the SASP and its regulation mechanisms. Importantly, we provide novel perspectives on how the SASP can promote atherosclerosis. The SASP from different types of senescent cells have vital roles in atherosclerosis progression. As a significant mediator of the harmful effects of senescent cells, it can play a pro-atherogenic role by producing inflammation and immune dysfunction. Furthermore, the SASP can deliver senescence signals to the surrounding vascular cells, gradually contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. Finally, we focus on a variety of novel therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce the burden of atherosclerosis in elderly individuals by targeting senescent cells and inhibiting the regulatory mechanisms of the SASP. CONCLUSION This review systematically summarizes the multiple roles of the SASP in atherosclerosis and can contribute to the exploration of new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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30
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du Plessis M, Fourie C, Riedemann J, de Villiers WJS, Engelbrecht AM. Cancer and Covid-19: Collectively catastrophic. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 63:78-89. [PMID: 34794863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has spread rapidly across the globe, resulting in more than 3 million deaths worldwide. The symptoms of Covid-19 are usually mild and non-specific, however in some cases patients may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic inflammation. Individuals with inflammatory or immunocompromising illnesses, such as cancer, are more susceptible to develop ARDS and have higher rates of mortality. This is mediated through an initial hyperstimulated immune response which results in elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a subsequent cytokine storm. This potentiates positive feedback loops which are unable to be balanced by anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, elevated levels of IL-1β, as a result of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as well as IL-6 and TNF-α amongst many others, contribute to the progression of various cancer types. Furthermore, Covid-19 progression is associated with the depletion of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, B cell and natural killer cell numbers. Collectively, a Covid-19-dependent pro-inflammatory profile and immune suppression promotes the optimal microenvironment for tumourigenesis, initiation and immune evasion of malignant cells, tumour progression and metastasis as well as cancer recurrence. There are, however, therapeutic windows of opportunity that may combat both Covid-19 and cancer to improve patient outcomes.
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31
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Elashiry M, Elsayed R, Cutler CW. Exogenous and Endogenous Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes: Lessons Learned for Immunotherapy and Disease Pathogenesis. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010115. [PMID: 35011677 PMCID: PMC8750541 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune therapeutic exosomes, derived exogenously from dendritic cells (DCs), the 'directors' of the immune response, are receiving favorable safety and tolerance profiles in phase I and II clinical trials for a growing number of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. DC-derived exosomes (EXO), the focus of this review, can be custom tailored with immunoregulatory or immunostimulatory molecules for specific immune cell targeting. Moreover, the relative stability, small size and rapid uptake of EXO by recipient immune cells offer intriguing options for therapeutic purposes. This necessitates an in-depth understanding of mechanisms of EXO biogenesis, uptake and routing by recipient immune cells, as well as their in vivo biodistribution. Against this backdrop is recognition of endogenous exosomes, secreted by all cells, the molecular content of which is reflective of the metabolic state of these cells. In this regard, exosome biogenesis and secretion is regulated by cell stressors of chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis, including dysbiotic microbes, reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. Such cell stressors can promote premature senescence in young cells through the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Pathological exosomes of the SASP amplify inflammatory signaling in stressed cells in an autocrine fashion or promote inflammatory signaling to normal neighboring cells in paracrine, without the requirement of cell-to-cell contact. In summary, we review relevant lessons learned from the use of exogenous DC exosomes for immune therapy, as well as the pathogenic potential of endogenous DC exosomes.
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Pansy K, Uhl B, Krstic J, Szmyra M, Fechter K, Santiso A, Thüminger L, Greinix H, Kargl J, Prochazka K, Feichtinger J, Deutsch AJ. Immune Regulatory Processes of the Tumor Microenvironment under Malignant Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13311. [PMID: 34948104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical regulator of tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Since immune cells represent a large fraction of the TME, they play a key role in mediating pro- and anti-tumor immune responses. Immune escape, which suppresses anti-tumor immunity, enables tumor cells to maintain their proliferation and growth. Numerous mechanisms, which have been intensively studied in recent years, are involved in this process and based on these findings, novel immunotherapies have been successfully developed. Here, we review the composition of the TME and the mechanisms by which immune evasive processes are regulated. In detail, we describe membrane-bound and soluble factors, their regulation, and their impact on immune cell activation in the TME. Furthermore, we give an overview of the tumor/antigen presentation and how it is influenced under malignant conditions. Finally, we summarize novel TME-targeting agents, which are already in clinical trials for different tumor entities.
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Mehta S, Campbell H, Drummond CJ, Li K, Murray K, Slatter T, Bourdon JC, Braithwaite AW. Adaptive homeostasis and the p53 isoform network. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53085. [PMID: 34779563 PMCID: PMC8647153 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms have developed processes to sense and address environmental changes to maintain a stable internal state (homeostasis). When activated, the p53 tumour suppressor maintains cell and organ integrity and functions in response to homeostasis disruptors (stresses) such as infection, metabolic alterations and cellular damage. Thus, p53 plays a fundamental physiological role in maintaining organismal homeostasis. The TP53 gene encodes a network of proteins (p53 isoforms) with similar and distinct biochemical functions. The p53 network carries out multiple biological activities enabling cooperation between individual cells required for long‐term survival of multicellular organisms (animals) in response to an ever‐changing environment caused by mutation, infection, metabolic alteration or damage. In this review, we suggest that the p53 network has evolved as an adaptive response to pathogen infections and other environmental selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hamish Campbell
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Catherine J Drummond
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kaisha Murray
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Tania Slatter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Dundee Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Antony W Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Visram A, Kourelis TV. Aging-associated immune system changes in multiple myeloma: The dark side of the moon. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100494. [PMID: 34837796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of the elderly. Changes that occur in the immune system with aging, also known as immunosenescence, have been associated with decreased tumor immunosurveillance and are thought to contribute to the development of MM and other cancers in the elderly. Once MM establishes itself in the bone marrow, immunosenescence related changes have been observed in the immune tumor microenvironment (iTME) and are driven by the malignant cells. The efficacy of novel immunotherapies used to treat MM has been blunted by detrimental iTME changes that occur at later disease stages and are, to some extent, driven by prior therapies. In this review, we discuss general changes that occur in the immune system with aging as well as our current knowledge of immunosenescence in MM. We discuss the differences and overlap between T cell senescence and exhaustion as well as potential methods to prevent or reverse immunosenescence. We focus predominantly on T cell immunosenescence which has been better evaluated in this disease and is more pertinent to novel MM immunotherapies. Our lack of understanding of the drivers of immunosenescence at each stage of the disease, from precursor stages to heavily pretreated MM, represents a major barrier to improving the efficacy of novel and existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Visram
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taxiarchis V Kourelis
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United States.
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Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena M, Del Rincón-Loza I, Martín-Antonio B. Tumor Secretome to Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy: Reduce Me Before I Make You My Partner. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717850. [PMID: 34447383 PMCID: PMC8382692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells are common immune cell sources administered to treat cancer patients. In detail, whereas CAR-T cells induce outstanding responses in a subset of hematological malignancies, responses are much more deficient in solid tumors. Moreover, NK cells have not shown remarkable results up to date. In general, immune cells present high plasticity to change their activity and phenotype depending on the stimuli they receive from molecules secreted in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Consequently, immune cells will also secrete molecules that will shape the activities of other neighboring immune and tumor cells. Specifically, NK cells can polarize to activities as diverse as angiogenic ones instead of their killer activity. In addition, tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages, which is required to remove dying tumor cells after the attack of NK cells or CAR-T cells, can be avoided in the TME. In addition, chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatments can induce senescence in tumor cells modifying their secretome to a known as “senescence-associated secretory phenotype” (SASP) that will also impact the immune response. Whereas the SASP initially attracts immune cells to eliminate senescent tumor cells, at high numbers of senescent cells, the SASP becomes detrimental, impacting negatively in the immune response. Last, CAR-T cells are an attractive option to overcome these events. Here, we review how molecules secreted in the TME by either tumor cells or even by immune cells impact the anti-tumor activity of surrounding immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Del Rincón-Loza
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Antonio
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Diaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Tsai YY, Su CH, Tarn WY. p53 Activation in Genetic Disorders: Different Routes to the Same Destination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9307. [PMID: 34502215 PMCID: PMC8430931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is critical for preventing neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Inappropriate activation of p53, however, has been observed in a number of human inherited disorders that most often affect development of the brain, craniofacial region, limb skeleton, and hematopoietic system. Genes related to these developmental disorders are essentially involved in transcriptional regulation/chromatin remodeling, rRNA metabolism, DNA damage-repair pathways, telomere maintenance, and centrosome biogenesis. Perturbation of these activities or cellular processes may result in p53 accumulation in cell cultures, animal models, and perhaps humans as well. Mouse models of several p53 activation-associated disorders essentially recapitulate human traits, and inactivation of p53 in these models can alleviate disorder-related phenotypes. In the present review, we focus on how dysfunction of the aforementioned biological processes causes developmental defects via excessive p53 activation. Notably, several disease-related genes exert a pleiotropic effect on those cellular processes, which may modulate the magnitude of p53 activation and establish or disrupt regulatory loops. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for genetic disorders associated with p53 misactivation.
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Salminen A. Immunosuppressive network promotes immunosenescence associated with aging and chronic inflammatory conditions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1553-1569. [PMID: 34432073 PMCID: PMC8384586 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The functional competence of the immune system gradually declines with aging, a process called immunosenescence. The age-related remodelling of the immune system affects both adaptive and innate immunity. In particular, a chronic low-grade inflammation, termed inflammaging, is associated with the aging process. Immunosenescence not only is present in inflammaging state, but it also occurs in several pathological conditions in conjunction with chronic inflammation. It is known that persistent inflammation stimulates a counteracting compensatory immunosuppression intended to protect host tissues. Inflammatory mediators enhance myelopoiesis and induce the generation of immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) which in mutual cooperation stimulates the immunosuppressive network. Immunosuppressive cells, especially MDSCs, regulatory T cells (Treg), and M2 macrophages produce immunosuppressive factors, e.g., TGF-β, IL-10, ROS, arginase-1 (ARG1), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which suppress the functions of CD4/CD8T and B cells as well as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells. The immunosuppressive armament (i) inhibits the development and proliferation of immune cells, (ii) decreases the cytotoxic activity of CD8T and NK cells, (iii) prevents antigen presentation and antibody production, and (iv) suppresses responsiveness to inflammatory mediators. These phenotypes are the hallmarks of immunosenescence. Immunosuppressive factors are able to control the chromatin landscape, and thus, it seems that the immunosenescence state is epigenetically regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Breton Y, Barat C, Tremblay MJ. The balance between p53 isoforms modulates the efficiency of HIV-1 infection in macrophages. J Virol 2021;:JVI0118821. [PMID: 34379507 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01188-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several host factors influence HIV-1 infection and replication. The p53-mediated antiviral role in monocytes-derived macrophages (MDMs) was previously highlighted. Indeed, an increase in p53 level results in a stronger restriction against HIV-1 early replication steps through SAMHD1 activity. In this study, we investigated the potential role of some p53 isoforms in HIV-1 infection. Transfection of isoform-specific siRNA induces distinctive effects on the virus life cycle. For example, in contrast to a siRNA targeting all isoforms, a knockdown of Δ133p53 transcripts reduces virus replication in MDMs that is correlated with a decrease in phosphorylated inactive SAMHD1. Combination of Δ133p53 knockdown and Nutlin-3, a pharmacological inhibitor of MDM2 that stabilizes p53, further reduces susceptibility of MDMs to HIV-1 infection, thus suggesting an inhibitory role of Δ133p53 towards p53 antiviral activity. In contrast, p53β knockdown in MDMs increases the viral production independently of SAMHD1. Moreover, experiments with a Nef-deficient virus show that this viral protein plays a protective role against the antiviral environment mediated by p53. Finally, HIV-1 infection affects the expression pattern of p53 isoforms by increasing p53β and p53γ mRNA levels while stabilizing the protein level of p53α and some isoforms from the p53β subclass. The balance between the various p53 isoforms is therefore an important factor in the overall susceptibility of macrophages to HIV-1 infection, fine-tuning the p53 response against HIV-1. This study brings a new understanding of the complex role of p53 in virus replication processes in myeloid cells. Importance As of today, HIV-1 is still considered as a global pandemic without a functional cure, partly because of the presence of stable viral reservoirs. Macrophages constitute one of these cell reservoirs, contributing to the viral persistence. Studies investigating the host factors involved in cell susceptibility to HIV-1 infection might lead to a better understanding of the reservoir formation and will eventually allow the development of an efficient cure. Our team previously showed the antiviral role of p53 in macrophages, which acts by compromising the early steps of HIV-1 replication. In this study, we demonstrate the involvement of p53 isoforms, which regulates p53 activity and define the cellular environment influencing viral replication. In addition, the results concerning the potential role of p53 in antiviral innate immunity could be transposed to other fields of virology and suggest that knowledge in oncology can be applied to HIV-1 research.
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González-Osuna L, Sierra-Cristancho A, Rojas C, Cafferata EA, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Cárdenas AM, Vernal R. Premature Senescence of T-cells Favors Bone Loss During Osteolytic Diseases. A New Concern in the Osteoimmunology Arena. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1150-1161. [PMID: 34341698 PMCID: PMC8279535 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a biological process triggered in response to time-accumulated DNA damage, which prioritizes cell survival over cell function. Particularly, senescent T lymphocytes can be generated prematurely during chronic inflammatory diseases regardless of chronological aging. These senescent T lymphocytes are characterized by the loss of CD28 expression, a co-stimulatory receptor that mediates antigen presentation and effective T-cell activation. An increased number of premature senescent CD4+CD28- T lymphocytes has been frequently observed in osteolytic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and osteomyelitis. Indeed, CD4+CD28- T lymphocytes produce higher levels of osteoclastogenic molecular mediators directly related to pathologic bone loss, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, and receptor-activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), as compared with regular CD4+CD28+ T lymphocytes. In addition, premature senescent CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes have been negatively associated with bone healing and regeneration by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation and mesenchymal stromal cell survival. Therefore, accumulated evidence supports the role of senescent T lymphocytes in osteoimmunology. Moreover, premature senescence of T-cells seems to be associated with the functional imbalance between the osteolytic T-helper type-17 (Th17) and bone protective T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes, as well as the phenotypic instability of Treg lymphocytes responsible for its trans-differentiation into RANKL-producing exFoxp3Th17 cells, a key cellular phenomenon directly related to bone loss. Herein, we present a framework for the understanding of the pathogenic characteristics of T lymphocytes with a premature senescent phenotype; and particularly, we revise and discuss their role in the osteoimmunology of osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis González-Osuna
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alfredo Sierra-Cristancho
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Emilio A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.
| | - Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Angélica M Cárdenas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Health Sciences Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Legscha KJ, Antunes Ferreira E, Chamoun A, Lang A, Awwad MHS, Ton GNHQ, Galetzka D, Guezguez B, Hundemer M, Bourdon JC, Munder M, Theobald M, Echchannaoui H. Δ133p53α enhances metabolic and cellular fitness of TCR-engineered T cells and promotes superior antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001846. [PMID: 34112738 PMCID: PMC8194333 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor microenvironment-associated T cell senescence is a key limiting factor for durable effective cancer immunotherapy. A few studies have demonstrated the critical role of the tumor suppressor TP53-derived p53 isoforms in cellular senescence process of non-immune cells. However, their role in lymphocytes, in particular tumor-antigen (TA) specific T cells remain largely unexplored. Methods Human T cells from peripheral blood were retrovirally engineered to coexpress a TA-specific T cell receptor and the Δ133p53α-isoform, and characterized for their cellular phenotype, metabolic profile and effector functions. Results Phenotypic analysis of Δ133p53α-modified T cells revealed a marked reduction of the T-cell inhibitory molecules (ie, CD160 and TIGIT), a lower frequency of senescent-like CD57+ and CD160+ CD8+ T cell populations, and an increased number of less differentiated CD28+ T cells. Consistently, we demonstrated changes in the cellular metabolic program toward a quiescent T cell state. On a functional level, Δ133p53α-expressing T cells acquired a long-term proliferative capacity, showed superior cytokine secretion and enhanced tumor-specific killing in vitro and in mouse tumor model. Finally, we demonstrated the capacity of Δ133p53α to restore the antitumor response of senescent T cells isolated from multiple myeloma patients. Conclusion This study uncovered a broad effect of Δ133p53α isoform in regulating T lymphocyte function. Enhancing fitness and effector functions of senescent T cells by modulation of p53 isoforms could be exploited for future translational research to improve cancer immunotherapy and immunosenescence-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jan Legscha
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edite Antunes Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonios Chamoun
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Munder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hakim Echchannaoui
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Mainz, Germany
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Beck J, Turnquist C, Horikawa I, Harris C. Targeting cellular senescence in cancer and aging: roles of p53 and its isoforms. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1017-1029. [PMID: 32619002 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence and the associated secretory phenotype (SASP) promote disease in the aged population. Targeting senescent cells by means of removal, modulation of SASP or through cellular reprogramming represents a novel therapeutic avenue for treating cancer- and age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration, pulmonary fibrosis and renal disease. Cellular senescence is partly regulated by the TP53 gene, a critical tumor suppressor gene which encodes 12 or more p53 protein isoforms. This review marks a significant milestone of 40 years of Carcinogenesis publication history and p53 research and 15 years of p53 isoform research. The p53 isoforms are produced through initiation at alternative transcriptional and translational start sites and alternative mRNA splicing. These truncated p53 isoform proteins are endogenously expressed in normal human cells and maintain important functional roles, including modulation of full-length p53-mediated cellular senescence, apoptosis and DNA repair. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and functions of cellular senescence and SASP in health and disease, the regulation of cellular senescence by p53 isoforms, and the therapeutic potential of targeting cellular senescence to treat cancer- and age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Beck
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Casmir Turnquist
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,University of Oxford Medical School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Izumi Horikawa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Curtis Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Horvat A, Tadijan A, Vlašić I, Slade N. p53/p73 Protein Network in Colorectal Cancer and Other Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2885. [PMID: 34207603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family of proteins comprises p53, p63, and p73, which share high structural and functional similarity. The two distinct promoters of each locus, the alternative splicing, and the alternative translation initiation sites enable the generation of numerous isoforms with different protein-interacting domains and distinct activities. The co-expressed p53/p73 isoforms have significant but distinct roles in carcinogenesis. Their activity is frequently impaired in human tumors including colorectal carcinoma due to dysregulated expression and a dominant-negative effect accomplished by some isoforms and p53 mutants. The interactions between isoforms are particularly important to understand the onset of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic response. The understanding of the p53/p73 network can contribute to the development of new targeted therapies. Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor protein is crucial for cell growth control and the maintenance of genomic stability. Later discovered, p63 and p73 share structural and functional similarity with p53. To understand the p53 pathways more profoundly, all family members should be considered. Each family member possesses two promoters and alternative translation initiation sites, and they undergo alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms. The resulting isoforms have important roles in carcinogenesis, while their expression is dysregulated in several human tumors including colorectal carcinoma, which makes them potential targets in cancer treatment. Their activities arise, at least in part, from the ability to form tetramers that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate the transcription of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological activities and regulation of the p53/p73 isoforms, highlighting their role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The analysis of the expression patterns of the p53/p73 isoforms in human cancers provides an important step in the improvement of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interactions among the p53 family members which could modulate normal functions of the canonical p53 in tumor tissue are described. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of clinical studies to assess the significance of combining the deregulation of different members of the p53 family to define the outcome of the disease.
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Elsayed R, Elashiry M, Liu Y, El-Awady A, Hamrick M, Cutler CW. Porphyromonas gingivalis Provokes Exosome Secretion and Paracrine Immune Senescence in Bystander Dendritic Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:669989. [PMID: 34141629 PMCID: PMC8204290 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.669989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease of ageing or inflammaging, and is comorbid with other more severe age-related chronic diseases. With advanced age comes an increase in accumulation of senescent cells that release soluble and insoluble pro-inflammatory factors collectively termed the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In the present report, we examined whether immune cells typical of those at the oral mucosa-microbe interface, are vulnerable to cellular senescence (CS) and the role of dysbiotic oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) from young (yDCs) and old (oDCs) mice were co-cultured in vitro with CS inducer doxorubicin or P.gingivalis (Pg), plus or minus senolytic agent rapamycin. CS profiling revealed elevated CS mediators SA-β-Gal, p16 INK4A, p53, and p21Waf1/Clip1 in oDCs, or yDCs in response to doxorubicin or P. gingivalis, reversible with rapamycin. Functional studies indicate impaired maturation function of oDCs, and yDC exposed to P. gingivalis; moreover, OVA-driven proliferation of CD4+ T cells from young OTII transgenic mice was impaired by oDCs or yDCs+Pg. The SASP of DCs, consisting of secreted exosomes and inflammasome-related cytokines was further analyzed. Exosomes of DCs cocultured with P. gingivalis (PgDCexo) were purified, quantitated and characterized. Though typical in terms of size, shape and phenotype, PgDCexo were 2-fold greater in number than control DCs, with several important distinctions. Namely, PgDCexo were enriched in age-related miRNAs, and miRNAs reported to disrupt immune homeostasis through negative regulation of apoptosis and autophagy functions. We further show that PgDCexo were enriched in P. gingivalis fimbrial adhesin protein mfa1 and in inflammasome related cytokines IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6. Functionally PgDCexo were readily endocytosed by recipient yDCs, amplifying functional impairment in maturation and ability to promote Ova-driven proliferation of OTII CD4+ T cells from young mice. In conclusion P. gingivalis induces premature (autocrine) senescence in DCs by direct cellular invasion and greatly amplifies senescence, in paracrine, of bystander DCs by secretion of inflammatory exosomes. The implications of this pathological pathway for periodontal disease in vivo is under investigation in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya Elsayed
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mahmoud Elashiry
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ahmed El-Awady
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher W. Cutler
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Christopher W. Cutler,
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Yeo GEC, Ng MH, Nordin FB, Law JX. Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rejuvenation of the Aging Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5749. [PMID: 34072224 PMCID: PMC8198707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth of the geriatric population has been made possible with advancements in pharmaceutical and health sciences. Hence, age-associated diseases are becoming more common. Aging encompasses deterioration of the immune system, known as immunosenescence. Dysregulation of the immune cell production, differentiation, and functioning lead to a chronic subclinical inflammatory state termed inflammaging. The hallmarks of the aging immune system are decreased naïve cells, increased memory cells, and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising solution to halt immunosenescence as the cells have excellent immunomodulatory functions and low immunogenicity. This review compiles the present knowledge of the causes and changes of the aging immune system and the potential of MSC transplantation as a regenerative therapy for immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras 56000, Malaysia; (G.E.C.Y.); (M.H.N.); (F.B.N.)
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45
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Zhang J, He T, Xue L, Guo H. Senescent T cells: a potential biomarker and target for cancer therapy. EBioMedicine 2021; 68:103409. [PMID: 34049248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of T cells to eradicate tumour cells in the tumour microenvironment is mainly due to the dysfunction of T cells. Senescent T cells, with defects in proliferation and effector functions, accumulate in ageing, chronic viral infections, and autoimmune disorders where antigen stimulation persists. Increasing evidence suggests that inducing T cell senescence is a key strategy used by malignant tumours to evade immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize the general features, functional regulation, and signalling network of senescent T cells in tumour development and highlight their potential as prognostic biomarkers in multiple cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Moreover, we discuss possible therapeutic strategies for preventing or rejuvenating senescence in tumour-specific T cells. Understanding these critical issues may provide novel strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Abstract
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a serious public health concern. Patients with cancer have been disproportionately affected by this pandemic. Increasing evidence has documented that patients with malignancies are highly susceptible to severe infections and mortality from COVID-19. Recent studies have also elucidated the molecular relationship between the two diseases, which may not only help optimize cancer care during the pandemic but also expand the treatment for COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the clinical and molecular similarities between cancer and COVID-19 and summarize the four major signaling pathways at the intersection of COVID-19 and cancer, namely, cytokine, type I interferon (IFN-I), androgen receptor (AR), and immune checkpoint signaling. In addition, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of repurposing anticancer treatment for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yujun Wei
- Anhui Anlong Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230041, China
| | - Jiang Ren
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Ungerleider K, Beck J, Lissa D, Turnquist C, Horikawa I, Harris BT, Harris CC. Astrocyte senescence and SASP in neurodegeneration: tau joins the loop. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:752-764. [PMID: 33818291 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1909260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau accumulation is a core component of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. While tau's impact on neurons is a major area of research, the effect of extracellular tau on astrocytes is largely unknown. This article summarizes our recent studies showing that astrocyte senescence plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases and integrates extracellular tau into the regulatory loop of senescent astrocyte-mediated neurotoxicity. Human astrocytes in vitro undergoing senescence were shown to acquire the inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and toxicity to neurons, which may recapitulate aging- and disease-associated neurodegeneration. Here, we show that human astrocytes exposed to extracellular tau in vitro also undergo cellular senescence and acquire a neurotoxic SASP (e.g. IL-6 secretion), with oxidative stress response (indicated by upregulated NRF2 target genes) and a possible activation of inflammasome (indicated by upregulated ASC and IL-1β). These findings suggest that senescent astrocytes induced by various conditions and insults, including tau exposure, may represent a therapeutic target to inhibit or delay the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss the pathological activity of extracellular tau in microglia and astrocytes, the disease relevance and diversity of tau forms, therapeutics targeting senescence in neurodegeneration, and the roles of p53 and its isoforms in astrocyte-mediated neurotoxicity and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Ungerleider
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Beck
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Layfette, Indiana, USA
| | - Delphine Lissa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Casmir Turnquist
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,University of Oxford Medical School, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Izumi Horikawa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brent T Harris
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hu D, Yuan S, Zhong J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Liu L, Li J, Wen F, Liu J, Zhang J. Cellular senescence and hematological malignancies: From pathogenesis to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107817. [PMID: 33587950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence constitutes a permanent state of cell cycle arrest in proliferative cells induced by different stresses. The exploration of tumor pathogenesis and therapies has been a research hotspot in recent years. Cellular senescence is a significant mechanism to prevent the proliferation of potential tumor cells, but it can also promote tumor growth. Increasing evidence suggests that cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis and development of hematological malignancies, including leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Cellular senescence is associated with functional decline of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and increased risk of hematological malignancies. Moreover, the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has a crucial regulatory effect in the process of these diseases. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in the BM microenvironment establishes a protumor environment that supports the proliferation and survival of tumor cells. Therefore, a series of therapeutic strategies targeting cellular senescence have been gradually developed, including the induction of cellular senescence and elimination of senescent cells. This review systematically summarizes the emerging information describing the roles of cellular senescence in tumorigenesis and potential clinical applications, which may be beneficial for designing rational therapeutic strategies for various hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shunling Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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DeLeo AB, Appella E. The p53 Saga: Early Steps in the Development of Tumor Immunotherapy. J Immunol 2021; 204:2321-2328. [PMID: 32312843 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This year marks the 40th anniversary of the initial identification of p53 as a transformation-related Ag, which was the result of our effort to identify an antigenically distinct tumor Ag of a chemically induced mouse tumor and develop a cancer vaccine. Many researchers at the time viewed this effort as folly. Since then, its characterization has progressed from being an attractive cancer vaccine candidate to recognition as a key player in regulating critical pathways controlling the cell cycle and oncogenesis. Advances in molecular immunology and oncology have enhanced the role of p53 in both fields. It is now apparent that p53 plays a critical role in controlling immune recognition and responses in normal tissues as well as the tumor microenvironment. Together with the advances in clinical implementation of p53-based cancer immunotherapy, they highlight the importance of p53 in many areas of basic and translational cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert B DeLeo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232; and
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
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50
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Zhao T, Ye S, Tang Z, Guo L, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Yang C, Peng J, Chen J. Loss-of-function of p53 isoform Δ113p53 accelerates brain aging in zebrafish. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:151. [PMID: 33542214 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress has been demonstrated as potentially critical for induction and maintenance of cellular senescence, and been considered as a contributing factor in aging and in various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In response to low-level ROS stress, the expression of Δ133p53, a human p53 isoform, is upregulated to promote cell survival and protect cells from senescence by enhancing the expression of antioxidant genes. In normal conditions, the basal expression of Δ133p53 prevents human fibroblasts, T lymphocytes, and astrocytes from replicative senescence. It has been also found that brain tissues from AD and ALS patients showed decreased Δ133p53 expression. However, it is uncharacterized if Δ133p53 plays a role in brain aging. Here, we report that zebrafish Δ113p53, an ortholog of human Δ133p53, mainly expressed in some of the radial glial cells along the telencephalon ventricular zone in a full-length p53-dependent manner. EDU-labeling and cell lineage tracing showed that Δ113p53-positive cells underwent cell proliferation to contribute to the neuron renewal process. Importantly, Δ113p53M/M mutant telencephalon possessed less proliferation cells and more senescent cells compared to wild-type (WT) zebrafish telencephalon since 9-months old, which was associated with decreased antioxidant genes expression and increased level of ROS in the mutant telencephalon. More interestingly, unlike the mutant fish at 5-months old with cognition ability, Δ113p53M/M zebrafish, but not WT zebrafish, lost their learning and memory ability at 19-months old. The results demonstrate that Δ113p53 protects the brain from aging by its antioxidant function. Our finding provides evidence at the organism level to show that depletion of Δ113p53/Δ133p53 may result in long-term ROS stress, and finally lead to age-related diseases, such as AD and ALS in humans.
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