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Chaudary N, Hill RP, Milosevic M. Targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway to reduce radiation treatment side effects. Radiother Oncol 2024; 194:110194. [PMID: 38447871 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
High precision, image-guided radiotherapy (RT) has increased the therapeutic ratio, enabling higher tumor and lower normal tissue doses, leading to improved patient outcomes. Nevertheless, some patients remain at risk of developing serious side effects.In many clinical situations, the radiation tolerance of normal tissues close to the target volume limits the dose that can safely be delivered and thus the potential for tumor control and cure. This is particularly so in patients being re-treated for tumor progression or a second primary tumor within a previous irradiated volume, scenarios that are becoming more frequent in clinical practice.Various normal tissue 'radioprotective' drugs with the potential to reduce side effects have been studied previously. Unfortunately, most have failed to impact clinical practice because of lack of therapeutic efficacy, concern about concurrent tumor protection or excessive drug-related toxicity. This review highlights the evidence indicating that targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway can mitigate acute and late RT-induced injury and reduce treatment side effects in a manner that overcomes these previous translational challenges. Pre-clinical studies involving a broad range of normal tissues commonly affected in clinical practice, including skin, lung, the gastrointestinal tract and brain, have shown that CXCL12 signalling is upregulated by RT and attracts CXCR4-expressing inflammatory cells that exacerbate acute tissue injury and late fibrosis. These studies also provide convincing evidence that inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling during or after RT can reduce or prevent RT side effects, warranting further evaluation in clinical studies. Greater dialogue with the pharmaceutical industry is needed to prioritize the development and availability of CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitors for future RT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Chaudary
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Hill
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Milosevic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Kang EJ, Kim JH, Kim YE, Lee H, Jung KB, Chang DH, Lee Y, Park S, Lee EY, Lee EJ, Kang HB, Rhyoo MY, Seo S, Park S, Huh Y, Go J, Choi JH, Choi YK, Lee IB, Choi DH, Seo YJ, Noh JR, Kim KS, Hwang JH, Jeong JS, Kwon HJ, Yoo HM, Son MY, Kim YG, Lee DH, Kim TY, Kwon HJ, Kim MH, Kim BC, Kim YH, Kang D, Lee CH. The secreted protein Amuc_1409 from Akkermansia muciniphila improves gut health through intestinal stem cell regulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2983. [PMID: 38582860 PMCID: PMC10998920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila has received great attention because of its beneficial roles in gut health by regulating gut immunity, promoting intestinal epithelial development, and improving barrier integrity. However, A. muciniphila-derived functional molecules regulating gut health are not well understood. Microbiome-secreted proteins act as key arbitrators of host-microbiome crosstalk through interactions with host cells in the gut and are important for understanding host-microbiome relationships. Herein, we report the biological function of Amuc_1409, a previously uncharacterised A. muciniphila-secreted protein. Amuc_1409 increased intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and regeneration in ex vivo intestinal organoids and in vivo models of radiation- or chemotherapeutic drug-induced intestinal injury and natural aging with male mice. Mechanistically, Amuc_1409 promoted E-cadherin/β-catenin complex dissociation via interaction with E-cadherin, resulting in the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results demonstrate that Amuc_1409 plays a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis by regulating ISC activity in an E-cadherin-dependent manner and is a promising biomolecule for improving and maintaining gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Livestock Products Analysis Division, Division of Animal health, Daejeon Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment, Daejeon, 34146, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bo Jung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Chang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinhye Park
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Bum Kang
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Young Rhyoo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Seo
- School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Huh
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyeon Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Bok Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Seo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Jeong
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Measurement Science, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) School of Precision Measurement, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kwon
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Measurement Science, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) School of Precision Measurement, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Gu Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biological Engineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Chan Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- HealthBiome Inc., Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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P B A, Sudha SP, Mohan P, Patil N, Rahman A, Gundapuneedi BS, M H. Racecadotril Versus Loperamide in Acute Radiation Enteritis: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Phase 3, Noninferiority Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:616-625. [PMID: 37742773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is currently no gold standard for the management of acute radiation enteritis. We compared the efficacy and safety of Racecadotril, an anti-hypersecretory drug, versus Loperamide, an anti-motility agent, in acute radiation enteritis. METHODS AND MATERIALS We conducted a randomized, double-masked, non-inferiority trial at a single research institute. Patients receiving curative radiation for pelvic malignancies, who developed grade 2 or 3 diarrhea (as per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, v 4.0) were included in the study. Patients in the intervention arm received Racecadotril and placebo. Patients in the control arm received Loperamide and placebo. The primary outcome was the resolution of diarrhea, 48 hours after the start of treatment. RESULTS 162 patients were randomized between 2019 and 2022. On intention-to-treat analysis, 68/81 patients, 84%, (95% CI, 74.1%-91.2%) in the Racecadotril arm and 70/81, 86.4%, (95% CI, 77.0%-93.0%) in the Loperamide arm improved from grade 2 or 3 diarrhea to grade 1 or 0, (P= .66, χ2 test). The difference in proportion was 2.4% (95% CI: -8.5% to 13.4%). Since the upper boundary of the 95% CI crossed our non-inferiority margin of 10% (13.4%) we could not prove the non-inferiority of Racecadotril over Loperamide. Rebound constipation was more in the Loperamide arm compared to Racecadotril (17.3% vs 6.2%; P = .028) CONCLUSIONS: The non-inferiority of Racecadotril to Loperamide in acute radiation enteritis could not be demonstrated. However, Racecadotril can be the preferred drug of choice in acute radiation enteritis because Racecadotril does not affect bowel motility, achieved a high clinical success rate similar to that of Loperamide, and was associated with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith P B
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MVR Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kozhikode, Kerala.
| | | | | | - Ninad Patil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Varanasi.
| | - Asif Rahman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, JIPMER, Puducherry.
| | | | - Harish M
- Department of Radiation Oncology, JIPMER, Puducherry.
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Prebble AR, Latka B, Burdekin B, Leary D, Harris M, Regan D, Boss MK. Investigation of Gastrointestinal Toxicities Associated with Concurrent Abdominal Radiation Therapy and the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sunitinib in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1838. [PMID: 38339116 PMCID: PMC10855812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may be combined with radiation therapy (RT) to enhance tumor control; however, increased incidences of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity have been reported with this combination. We hypothesize that toxicity is due to compromised intestinal healing caused by inhibition of vascular repair and proliferation pathways. This study explores underlying tissue toxicity associated with abdominal RT and concurrent sunitinib in a mouse model. Four groups of CD-1 mice were treated with 12 Gy abdominal RT, oral sunitinib, abdominal RT + sunitinib, or sham treatment. Mice received oral sunitinib or the vehicle via gavage for 14 days. On day 7, mice were irradiated with 12 Gy abdominal RT or sham treated. Mice were euthanized on day 14 and intestinal tract was harvested for semiquantitative histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical quantification of proliferation (Ki67) and vascular density (CD31). Non-irradiated groups had stable weights while abdominal irradiation resulted in weight loss, with mice receiving RT + SUN having greater weight loss than mice receiving RT alone. Semiquantitative analysis showed significant increases in inflammation in irradiated groups. The difference in the density of CD31+ cells was significantly increased in RT alone compared to SUN alone. Ki67+ density was not significant. In summary, we identify a lack of angiogenic response in irradiated GI tissues when abdominal RT is combined with a TKI, which may correlate with clinical toxicities seen in canine and human patients receiving combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R. Prebble
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Bailey Latka
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA (B.B.)
| | - Braden Burdekin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA (B.B.)
| | - Del Leary
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Mac Harris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniel Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (M.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA (B.B.)
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Ding Q, Zu X, Chen W, Xin J, Xu X, Lv Y, Wei X, Wang J, Wei Y, Li Z, Cai J, Du J, Zhang W. Astragalus polysaccharide promotes the regeneration of intestinal stem cells through HIF-1 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18058. [PMID: 38098246 PMCID: PMC10844761 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced intestinal injury is usually accompanied by high lethality. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are critical and responsible for the regeneration of the damaged intestine. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), one of the main active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus (AM), has a variety of biological functions. This study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of APS on IR-induced intestine injury via promoting the regeneration of ISCs. We have established models of IR-induced intestinal injury and our results showed that APS played great radioprotective effects on the intestine. APS improved the survival rate of irradiated mice, reversed the radiation damage of intestinal tissue, increased the survival rate of intestinal crypts, the number of ISCs and the expression of intestinal tight junction-related proteins after IR. Moreover, APS promoted the cell viability while inhibited the apoptosis of MODE-K. Through organoid experiments, we found that APS promoted the regeneration of ISCs. Remarkably, the results of network pharmacology, RNA sequencing and RT-PCR assays showed that APS significantly upregulated the HIF-1 signalling pathway, and HIF-1 inhibitor destroyed the radioprotection of APS. Our findings suggested that APS promotes the regeneration of ISCs through HIF-1 signalling pathway, and it may be an effective radioprotective agent for IR-induced intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ding
- School of PharmacyAnhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Chen
- School of PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiayun Xin
- School of PharmacyShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Xike Xu
- School of PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanhui Lv
- School of PharmacyShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Xintong Wei
- School of PharmacyShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Jie Wang
- School of PharmacyShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Yanping Wei
- School of PharmacyShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Zhanhong Li
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianming Cai
- Faculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medicine UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jicong Du
- Faculty of Naval MedicineNaval Medicine UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of PharmacyAnhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
- School of PharmacyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Jang B, Chung MG, Lee DS. Association between gut microbial change and acute gastrointestinal toxicity in patients with prostate cancer receiving definitive radiation therapy. Cancer Med 2023; 12:20727-20735. [PMID: 37921267 PMCID: PMC10709749 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective study investigated the association between gut microbial changes and acute gastrointestinal toxicities in prostate cancer patients receiving definitive radiation therapy (RT). METHODS Seventy-nine fecal samples were analyzed. Stool samples were collected at the following timepoints: pre-RT (prRT), 2 weeks after the start of RT (RT-2w), 5 weeks after the start of RT (RT-5w), 1 month after completion of RT (poRT-1 m), and 3 months after completion of RT (poRT-3 m). We computed the microbial community polarization index (MCPI) as an indicator of RT-induced dysbiosis. RESULTS Patients experiencing toxicity had lower alpha diversity, especially at RT-2w (p = 0.037) and RT-5w (p = 0.003). Compared to patients without toxicity, the MCPI in those experiencing toxicities was significantly elevated (p = 0.019). In terms of predicted metabolic pathways, we found linearly decreasing pathways, including carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes (p = 0.035) and the bacterial secretion system (p = 0.005), in patients who experienced toxicities. CONCLUSIONS We showed RT-induced dysbiosis among patients who experienced toxicities. Reduced diversity and elevated RT-related MCPI could be helpfully used for developing individualized RT approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum‐Sup Jang
- Department of Radiation OncologyCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Moon Gyu Chung
- Microbiome centerKorea Research Institute of Bio‐medical ScienceDaejeonKorea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
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Liu W, Fan X, Jian B, Wen D, Wang H, Liu Z, Li B. The signaling pathway of hypoxia inducible factor in regulating gut homeostasis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1289102. [PMID: 37965556 PMCID: PMC10641782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1289102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia represent a condition in which an adequate amount of oxygen supply is missing in the body, and it could be caused by a variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders. This review is focused on the role of hypoxia in the maintenance of the gut homeostasis and related treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The effects of hypoxia on the gut microbiome and its role on the intestinal barrier functionality are also covered, together with the potential role of hypoxia in the development of gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Finally, we discussed the potential of hypoxia-targeted interventions as a novel therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal disorders. In this review, we highlighted the importance of hypoxia in the maintenance of the gut homeostasis and the potential implications for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueni Fan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Boshuo Jian
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Hongzhuang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
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8
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Zhao X, Zhao J, Li D, Yang H, Chen C, Qin M, Wen Z, He Z, Xu L. Akkermansia muciniphila: A potential target and pending issues for oncotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106916. [PMID: 37690533 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of the development of metagenomic, metabolomic, and metatranscriptomic approaches, the intricate interactions between the host and various microbes are now being progressively understood. Numerous studies have demonstrated evident changes in gut microbiota during the process of a variety of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, aging, and cancers. Notably, gut microbiota is viewed as a potential source of novel therapeutics. Currently, Next-generation probiotics (NGPs) are gaining popularity as therapeutic agents that alter the gut microbiota and affect cancer development. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), a representative commensal bacterium, has received substantial attention over the past decade as a promising NGP. The components and metabolites of A. muciniphila can directly or indirectly affect tumorigenesis, in particular through its effects on antitumor immunosurveillance, including the stimulation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which also leads to better outcomes in a variety of situations, including the prevention and curation of cancers. In this article, we systematically summarize the role of A. muciniphila in tumorigenesis (involving gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal cancers) and in tumor therapy. In particular, we carefully discuss some critical scientific issues that need to be solved for the future using A. muciniphila as a representative beneficial bacterium in tumor treatment, which might provide bright clues and assistance for the application of drugs targeting A. muciniphila in clinical oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Han Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow Univeristy, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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9
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Feng Z, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Qu S, Du J, Gao F, Liu C, Wang Q, Cai J. Roxadustat protect mice from DSS-induced colitis in vivo by up-regulation of TLR4. Genomics 2023; 115:110585. [PMID: 36801437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is growing in the population. At present, the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear, and there is no effective and low-toxic therapeutic drug. The role of the PHD-HIF pathway in relieving DSS-induced colitis is gradually being explored. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were used as a model of DSS-induced colitis to explore the important role of Roxadustat in alleviating DSS-induced colitis. High-throughput RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR methods were used to screen and verify the key differential genes in the colon of mice between normal saline (NS) and Roxadustat groups. RESULTS Roxadustat could alleviate DSS-induced colitis. Compared with the mice in the NS group, TLR4 were significantly up-regulated in the Roxadustat group. TLR4 KO mice were used to verify the role of TLR4 in the alleviation of DSS-induced colitis by Roxadustat. CONCLUSION Roxadustat has a repairing effect on DSS-induced colitis, and may alleviate DSS-induced colitis by targeting the TLR4 pathway and promote intestinal stem cell proliferation.
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10
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Borakati A, Froghi F, Bhogal RH, Mavroeidis VK. Stereotactic radiotherapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1478-1489. [PMID: 36160742 PMCID: PMC9412934 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i8.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an aggressive malignancy with an increasing incidence worldwide and poor prognosis, despite several advances and continuous efforts to develop effective treatments. Complete surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment and offers a potentially curative option, but is only possible in less than a third of patients, owing to advanced disease. Chemotherapy is a well-established treatment in the adjuvant and palliative setting, however, confers limited benefit. Conventional radiotherapy is challenging due to local toxicity. With recent advances in stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), it is now possible to focus ablative beams of radiotherapy precisely aimed at tumours to minimise damage to surrounding viscera. This review details the history, technical background and application of SABR to iCCA, with directions for future research suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Borakati
- Department of Surgery, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1FR, United Kingdom
| | - Farid Froghi
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation Surgery, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Ricky H Bhogal
- Department of Academic Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileios K Mavroeidis
- Department of Academic Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom
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11
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Abot A, Fried S, Cani PD, Knauf C. Reactive Oxygen Species/Reactive Nitrogen Species as Messengers in the Gut: Impact on Physiology and Metabolic Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:394-415. [PMID: 34714099 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The role of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species as "friend" or "foe" messengers in the whole body is well characterized. Depending on the concentration in the tissue considered, these molecular actors exert beneficial or deleterious impacts leading to a pathological state, as observed in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Recent Advances: Among the tissues impacted by oxidation and inflammation in this pathological state, the intestine is a site of dysfunction that can establish diabetic symptoms, such as alterations in the intestinal barrier, gut motility, microbiota composition, and gut/brain axis communication. In the intestine, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (from the host and/or microbiota) are key factors that modulate the transition from physiological to pathological signaling. Critical Issues: Controlling the levels of intestinal reactive oxygen/nitrogen species is a complicated balance between positive and negative impacts that is in constant equilibrium. Here, we describe the synthesis and degradation of intestinal reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and their interactions with the host. The development of novel redox-based therapeutics that alter these processes could restore intestinal health in patients with metabolic disorders. Future Directions: Deciphering the mode of action of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in the gut of obese/diabetic patients could result in a future therapeutic strategy that combines nutritional and pharmacological approaches. Consequently, preventive and curative treatments must take into account one of the first sites of oxidative and inflammatory dysfunctions in the body, that is, the intestine. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 394-415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Abot
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.,International Research Project (IRP), European Lab "NeuroMicrobiota," Brussels, Belgium and Toulouse, France
| | - Steven Fried
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.,International Research Project (IRP), European Lab "NeuroMicrobiota," Brussels, Belgium and Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- International Research Project (IRP), European Lab "NeuroMicrobiota," Brussels, Belgium and Toulouse, France.,UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France.,International Research Project (IRP), European Lab "NeuroMicrobiota," Brussels, Belgium and Toulouse, France
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12
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Feng Z, Xu Q, He X, Wang Y, Fang L, Zhao J, Cheng Y, Liu C, Du J, Cai J. FG-4592 protects the intestine from irradiation-induced injury by targeting the TLR4 signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:271. [PMID: 35729656 PMCID: PMC9210818 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe ionizing radiation (IR)-induced intestinal injury associates with high mortality, which is a worldwide problem requiring urgent attention. In recent years, studies have found that the PHD-HIF signaling pathway may play key roles in IR-induced intestinal injury, and we found that FG-4592, the PHD inhibitor, has significant radioprotective effects on IR-induced intestinal injury. Methods In the presence or absence of FG-4592 treatment, the survival time, pathology, cell viability, cell apoptosis, and organoids of mice after irradiation were compared, and the mechanism was verified after transcriptome sequencing. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 19 software. Results Our results show that FG-4592 had significant radioprotective effects on the intestine. FG-4592 improved the survival of irradiated mice, inhibited the radiation damage of intestinal tissue, promoted the regeneration of intestinal crypts after IR and reduced the apoptosis of intestinal crypt cells. Through organoid experiments, it is found that FG-4592 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Moreover, the results of RNA sequencing and Western blot showed that FG-4592 significantly upregulated the TLR4 signaling pathway, and FG-4592 had no radioprotection on TLR4 KO mice, suggesting that FG-4592 may play protective role against IR by targeting TLR4. Conclusion Our work proves that FG-4592 may promote the proliferation and regeneration of ISCs through the targeted regulation of the TLR4 signaling pathway and ultimately play radioprotective roles in IR-induced injury. These results enrich the molecular mechanism of FG-4592 in protecting cells from IR-induced injury and provide new methods for the radioprotection of intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlan Feng
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinshu Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang He
- College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuedong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan Fang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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13
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Ma S, Fu X, Liu L, Liu Y, Feng H, Jiang H, Liu X, Liu R, Liang Z, Li M, Tian Z, Hu B, Bai Y, Liang B, Liu X. Iron-Dependent Autophagic Cell Death Induced by Radiation in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723801. [PMID: 34722507 PMCID: PMC8551752 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In radiation oncology, ionizing radiation is used to kill cancer cells, in other words, the induction of different types of cell death. To investigate this cellular death and the associated iron accumulation, the transfer, release, and participation of iron after radiation treatment was analyzed. We found that radiation-induced cell death varied in different breast cancer cells and autophagy was induced in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells (triple negative breast cancer cell line) rather than in MCF-7 and zr-75 cells. Iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO), the autophagy inhibitor 3MA, silencing of the autophagy-related genes ATG5, and Beclin 1 could decrease radiation induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells, while inhibitors of apoptosis such as Z-VAD-FMK, ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), and necroptosis inhibitor Necrostatin-1 showed no change. This suggests the occurrence of autophagic cell death. Furthermore, we found that iron accumulation and iron regulatory proteins, including transferrin (Tf), transferrin receptor (CD71), and Ferritin (FTH), increased after radiation treatment, and the silencing of transferrin decreased radiation-induced cell death. In addition, radiation increased lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and the release of lysosomal iron and cathepsins, while cathepsins silencing failed to change cell viability. Radiation-induced iron accumulation increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via the Fenton reaction and increased autophagy in a time-dependent manner. DFO, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and overexpression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) decreased ROS generation, autophagy, and cell death. To summarize, for the first time, we found that radiation-induced autophagic cell death was iron-dependent in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. These results provide new insights into the cell death process of cancers and might conduce to the development and application of novel therapeutic strategies for patients with apoptosis-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Fu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Feng
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Heya Jiang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengke Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhujun Tian
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Boqi Hu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bing Liang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Ali HE, Radwan RR. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of resveratrol-loaded functionalized carbon nanotubes as a novel delivery system in radiation enteropathy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106002. [PMID: 34517108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced enteropathy is a major clinical challenge during radiotherapy. Resveratrol displays beneficial pharmacological activities; however, low oral bioavailability limits its effectiveness. This study aims at preparing methacrylic acid (MAAc) functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-MAAc) as carriers for pH triggered controlled release of resveratrol in an effort to improve the drug therapeutic potential. MWCNTs-MAAc were prepared using radiation technique and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In vitro drug release profile at different pH values was analyzed. Furthermore, the designed RES-MWCNTs-MAAc nanocomplex was evaluated against radiation-induced enteropathy in rats. Oral administration of RES-MWCNTs-MAAc restored colonic redox state and elevated antioxidant enzymes activities glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduced colonic inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferone-γ (IFN-γ) contents in addition to declining the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as evidenced by down-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 proteins expression accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2 protein expression. RES-MWCNTs-MAAc was more efficient than free resveratrol due to the delivery system that allowed prolonged resveratrol release at target site. Thus, this formulation could serve as a beneficial anti-inflammatory approach for patients during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E Ali
- Radiation Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha R Radwan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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15
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Yang YW, Meng X, Meng YY, Tang HK, Cheng MH, Zhang ZQ, Xu WQ, Long W. ceRNA regulatory network of FIH inhibitor as a radioprotector for gastrointestinal toxicity by activating the HIF-1 pathway. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2021; 25:173-185. [PMID: 34458003 PMCID: PMC8368776 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Given the relentless renewal ability of intestinal crypt-base stem cells, small intestine in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is more vulnerable to radiation-induced disruption. Through promoting epithelial integrity and reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been proved to exhibit radioprotective effects in the GI tract. Therefore, enhancing stability or transcriptional activity of HIFs might be a therapeutic strategy for developing radioprotectors. Factor inhibiting HIF (FIH or HIF-1AN) can hamper transcriptional capacity of HIF-1α via interacting with Asn803 in its C-terminal domain. Previously, we discovered promoting HIF-1α transcriptional activity in vitro by FIH inhibitor-N-oxalyl-D-phenylalanine (NOFD) exerts radioprotection on cells. However, the radioprotective effect of FIH inhibitor on the GI tract and its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network from the FIH/HIF axis has never been addressed. Here we verified radioprotection of NOFD for the GI tract by an animal model and performed whole-transcriptome analysis to fully elucidate the radioprotective mechanism from the FIH/HIF axis against GI syndrome. We identified two novel circular RNAs (circRNAs) (circRNA_2909 and circRNA_0323) and two long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (NONMMUT140549.1 and NONMMUT148249.1) that promote expression of HIF1A and NOS2 in the HIF-1 pathway by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs), especially mmu-miR-92a-1-5p. The de-repression of HIF-1α transcriptional capacity by inhibiting FIH proteomic activity suggests a new therapeutic strategy in alleviating radiation-induced GI syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hai-Kang Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ming-Hui Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zi-Qi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wen-Qing Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wei Long
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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16
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Prebble AR, Weishaar KM, Thamm DH, Leary D, LaRue SM, Martin T, Boss MK. Increased incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity in canine cancer patients treated with concurrent abdominal radiation therapy and toceranib phosphate. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:142-153. [PMID: 34310002 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used to treat human and canine cancers and may be combined with radiation therapy (RT) to enhance tumor control due their anticancer and antiangiogenic effects; however, recent case reports have emerged describing incidences of gastrointestinal toxicity when antiangiogenic therapies are combined with hypofractionated radiotherapy in human cancer patients. We evaluated the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity in dogs receiving concurrent hypofractionated abdominal RT and the TKI toceranib (TOC) compared to those receiving abdominal RT alone, TOC alone, or concurrent non-abdominal RT and TOC. Medical records of canine cancer patients were retrospectively reviewed and identified dogs were included in the following treatment categories: dogs which received RT to a portion of the abdomen and concurrent TOC (n = 19), abdominal RT alone (n-29), TOC alone (n = 20), or non-abdominal RT plus TOC (n = 9). Toxicities were graded using the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group - Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events criteria and compared to published data on TOC-associated GI toxicity. Patients receiving TOC while undergoing abdominal RT had significantly increased rates of any grade of diarrhea (p = 0.002), hyporexia (p = 0.0045), and vomiting (p = 0.003), as well as severe hyporexia (p = 0.003) when compared across the treatment groups. This retrospective study reveals significantly increased incidences of GI toxicity when abdominal RT is combined with TOC in canine patients. These findings are in-line with the clinical concerns reported for increased normal tissue toxicity in human patients when antiangiogenics are combined with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Prebble
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen M Weishaar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Del Leary
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan M LaRue
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Tiffany Martin
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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17
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Allwood JG, Wakeling LT, Bean DC. Fermentation and the microbial community of Japanese koji and miso: A review. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2194-2207. [PMID: 34056716 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Miso is a well-known traditional Japanese fermented food, with a characteristic savory flavor and aroma, known predominately as the seasoning in miso soup. Miso production involves a two-stage fermentation, where first a mold, such as Aspergillus oryzae, is inoculated onto a substrate to make koji. A subsequent fermentation, this time by bacteria and yeast, occurs when the koji is added to a salt and soybean mash, with the miso left to ferment for up to 2 years. The microbial community of miso is considered essential to the development of the unique taste, texture, and nutritional profile of miso. Despite the importance of microorganisms in the production of miso, very little research has been undertaken to characterize and describe the microbial process. In this review, we provide an overview of the two-stage fermentation process, describe what is currently known about the microbial communities involved and consider any potential health benefits associated with the consumption of miso, along with food safety concerns. As the popularity of miso continues to expand globally and is produced under new environmental conditions, understanding the microbiological processes involved will assist to ensure that global production of miso is safe as well as delicious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne G Allwood
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen Campus, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara T Wakeling
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen Campus, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - David C Bean
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen Campus, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Dengler F, Sova S, Salo AM, Mäki JM, Koivunen P, Myllyharju J. Expression and Roles of Individual HIF Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Isoenzymes in the Regulation of the Hypoxia Response Pathway along the Murine Gastrointestinal Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4038. [PMID: 33919829 PMCID: PMC8070794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4H) control hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a powerful mechanism regulating cellular adaptation to decreased oxygenation. The gastrointestinal epithelium subsists in "physiological hypoxia" and should therefore have an especially well-designed control over this adaptation. Thus, we assessed the absolute mRNA expression levels of the HIF pathway components, Hif1a, HIF2a, Hif-p4h-1, 2 and 3 and factor inhibiting HIF (Fih1) in murine jejunum, caecum and colon epithelium using droplet digital PCR. We found a higher expression of all these genes towards the distal end of the gastrointestinal tract. We detected mRNA for Hif-p4h-1, 2 and 3 in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Hif-p4h-2 had significantly higher expression levels compared to Hif-p4h-1 and 3 in colon and caecum epithelium. To test the roles each HIF-P4H isoform plays in the gut epithelium, we measured the gene expression of classical HIF target genes in Hif-p4h-1-/-, Hif-p4h-2 hypomorph and Hif-p4h-3-/- mice. Only Hif-p4h-2 hypomorphism led to an upregulation of HIF target genes, confirming a predominant role of HIF-P4H-2. However, the abundance of Hif-p4h-1 and 3 expression in the gastrointestinal epithelium implies that these isoforms may have specific functions as well. Thus, the development of selective inhibitors might be useful for diverging therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Dengler
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sofia Sova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Antti M. Salo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Joni M. Mäki
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
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19
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Cheng Y, Du J, Liu R, Dong S, Cai J, Gao F, Liu C. Novel chimeric TLR2/NOD2 agonist CL429 exhibited significant radioprotective effects in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3785-3792. [PMID: 33609010 PMCID: PMC8051721 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe ionizing radiation causes the acute lethal damage of haematopoietic system and gastrointestinal tract. Here, we found CL429, the novel chimeric TLR2/NOD2 agonist, exhibited significant radioprotective effects in mice. CL429 increased mice survival, protected mice against the lethal damage of haematopoietic system and gastrointestinal tract. CL429 was more effective than equivalent amounts of monospecific (TLR2 or NOD2) and combination (TLR2 + NOD2) of molecules in preventing radiation‐induced death. The radioprotection of CL429 was mainly mediated by activating TLR2 and partially activating NOD2. CL429‐induced radioprotection was largely dependent on the activation of TLR2‐MyD88‐NF‐κB signalling pathway. In conclusion, the data suggested that the co‐activation of TLR2 and NOD2 could induce significant synergistic radioprotective effects and CL429 might be a potential high‐efficiency selective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruling Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suhe Dong
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Brinkmann K, Waring P, Glaser SP, Wimmer V, Cottle DL, Tham MS, Nhu D, Whitehead L, Delbridge AR, Lessene G, Smyth IM, Herold MJ, Kelly GL, Grabow S, Strasser A. BCL-XL exerts a protective role against anemia caused by radiation-induced kidney damage. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105561. [PMID: 33236795 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of gene-targeted mice identified the roles of the different pro-survival BCL-2 proteins during embryogenesis. However, little is known about the role(s) of these proteins in adults in response to cytotoxic stresses, such as treatment with anti-cancer agents. We investigated the role of BCL-XL in adult mice using a strategy where prior bone marrow transplantation allowed for loss of BCL-XL exclusively in non-hematopoietic tissues to prevent anemia caused by BCL-XL deficiency in erythroid cells. Unexpectedly, the combination of total body γ-irradiation (TBI) and genetic loss of Bcl-x caused secondary anemia resulting from chronic renal failure due to apoptosis of renal tubular epithelium with secondary obstructive nephropathy. These findings identify a critical protective role of BCL-XL in the adult kidney and inform on the use of BCL-XL inhibitors in combination with DNA damage-inducing drugs for cancer therapy. Encouragingly, the combination of DNA damage-inducing anti-cancer therapy plus a BCL-XL inhibitor could be tolerated in mice, at least when applied sequentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Brinkmann
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Paul Waring
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Stefan P Glaser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Verena Wimmer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Denny L Cottle
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ming Shen Tham
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Duong Nhu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Alex Rd Delbridge
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cell Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Stephanie Grabow
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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21
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Afifi ANAM, Powerski M, Jechorek D, Brunner TB, Weigt J, Venerito M. Radiation-induced damage in the upper gastrointestinal tract: clinical presentation, diagnostic tests and treatment options. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2020; 48-49:101711. [PMID: 33317797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2020.101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced damage of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract results from radiation of GI tumors or structures adjacent to the GI tract. Radiation-induced damages of the upper GI tract may be acute or delayed, and ranges from lack of appetite, mucosal inflammation (i.e. esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis) to ulcers, which may be complicated by perforation, penetration, bleeding and stenosis. Radiation-related factors as well as individual patient predisposing factors may increase susceptibility to post-radiation damage. High quality evidence for the treatment of radiation-induced GI damage is scarce and the management is often extrapolated from studies on GI lesions of different etiology. Treatment depends on severity and localization of the radiation-induced damage, and ranges from supportive and dietary measures to endoscopic interventions or surgery. Modern radiation techniques may decrease the incidence and severity of the radiation-induced upper gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed N A M Afifi
- Universitätsklinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Germany
| | - Maciej Powerski
- Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas B Brunner
- Universitätsklinik für Strahlentherapie, Otto-von-Guericke Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Weigt
- Universitätsklinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Germany
| | - Marino Venerito
- Universitätsklinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Germany.
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22
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Zhou W, Chen K, Lu Q, Luo Y, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Zhuo Z, Guo K, Wang J, Chen H, Sha W. The Protective Effect of Rosavin from Rhodiola rosea on Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000652. [PMID: 33089958 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive constituents from Rhodiola rosea L. (RRL) exhibit multiple pharmacological effects on diverse diseases. However, whether they are suitable for the treatment of radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate their roles and mechanisms in the RIII rat model. The radioprotective effects of the four bioactive constituents of RRL (salidroside, herbacetin, rosavin and arbutin) were evaluated by the cell viability of irradiated IEC-6 cells. Intestinal tissues were collected for histological analysis, localized inflammation and oxidative stress assessments. Our work showed that salidroside, rosavin and arbutin improved the cell viability of the irradiated IEC-6 cells, with the highest improvement in 12.5 μM rosavin group. The rosavin treatment significantly improved survival rate and intestinal damage in irradiated rats by modulating the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Our work indicated that rosavin may be the optimal constituent of RRL for RIII treatment, providing an attractive candidate for radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhou
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Kequan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Quan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Kehang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Sha
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, P. R. China
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23
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Du J, Zhang P, Cheng Y, Liu R, Liu H, Gao F, Shi C, Liu C. General principles of developing novel radioprotective agents for nuclear emergency. Radiation Medicine and Protection 2020; 1:120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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24
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Singhal R, Shah YM. Oxygen battle in the gut: Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in metabolic and inflammatory responses in the intestine. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10493-10505. [PMID: 32503843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a highly proliferative and regenerative tissue. The intestine also harbors a large and diverse microbial population collectively called the gut microbiome (microbiota). The microbiome-intestine cross-talk includes a dynamic exchange of gaseous signaling mediators generated by bacterial and intestinal metabolisms. Moreover, the microbiome initiates and maintains the hypoxic environment of the intestine that is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and adaptive immune responses in the mucosal cells of the intestine. The response to hypoxia is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). In hypoxic conditions, the HIF activation regulates the expression of a cohort of genes that promote adaptation to hypoxia. Physiologically, HIF-dependent genes contribute to the aforementioned maintenance of epithelial barrier function, nutrient absorption, and immune regulation. However, chronic HIF activation exacerbates disease conditions, leading to intestinal injury, inflammation, and colorectal cancer. In this review, we aim to outline the major roles of physiological and pathological hypoxic conditions in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and in the onset and progression of disease with a major focus on understanding the complex pathophysiology of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Singhal
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA .,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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25
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Xiao HW, Cui M, Li Y, Dong JL, Zhang SQ, Zhu CC, Jiang M, Zhu T, Wang B, Wang HC, Fan SJ. Gut microbiota-derived indole 3-propionic acid protects against radiation toxicity via retaining acyl-CoA-binding protein. Microbiome 2020; 8:69. [PMID: 32434586 PMCID: PMC7241002 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have proved fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an efficacious remedy to mitigate acute radiation syndrome (ARS); however, the mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Here, we aimed to tease apart the gut microbiota-produced metabolites, underpin the therapeutic effects of FMT to radiation injuries, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS FMT elevated the level of microbial-derived indole 3-propionic acid (IPA) in fecal pellets from irradiated mice. IPA replenishment via oral route attenuated hematopoietic system and gastrointestinal (GI) tract injuries intertwined with radiation exposure without precipitating tumor growth in male and female mice. Specifically, IPA-treated mice represented a lower system inflammatory level, recuperative hematogenic organs, catabatic myelosuppression, improved GI function, and epithelial integrity following irradiation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and subsequent analyses showed that irradiated mice harbored a disordered enteric bacterial pattern, which was preserved after IPA administration. Notably, iTRAQ analysis presented that IPA replenishment retained radiation-reprogrammed protein expression profile in the small intestine. Importantly, shRNA interference and hydrodynamic-based gene delivery assays further validated that pregnane X receptor (PXR)/acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) signaling played pivotal roles in IPA-favored radioprotection in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These evidences highlight that IPA is a key intestinal microbiota metabolite corroborating the therapeutic effects of FMT to radiation toxicity. Owing to the potential pitfalls of FMT, IPA might be employed as a safe and effective succedaneum to fight against accidental or iatrogenic ionizing ARS in clinical settings. Our findings also provide a novel insight into microbiome-based remedies toward radioactive diseases. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jia-Li Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shu-Qin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chang-Chun Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Mian Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hai-Chao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Sai-Jun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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26
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Nowrouzi A, Sertorio MG, Akbarpour M, Knoll M, Krunic D, Kuhar M, Schwager C, Brons S, Debus J, Wells SI, Wells JM, Abdollahi A. Personalized Assessment of Normal Tissue Radiosensitivity via Transcriptome Response to Photon, Proton and Carbon Irradiation in Patient-Derived Human Intestinal Organoids. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020469. [PMID: 32085439 PMCID: PMC7072449 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity often limits the curative treatment of cancer. Moreover, normal tissue relative biological effectiveness data for high-linear energy transfer particles are urgently needed. We propose a strategy based on transcriptome analysis of patient-derived human intestinal organoids (HIO) to determine molecular surrogates for radioresponse of gastrointestinal (GI) organs at risk in a personalized manner. HIO were generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), which were derived from skin biopsies of three patients, including two patients with FANCA deficiency as a paradigm for enhanced radiosensitivity. For the two Fanconi anemia (FA) patients (HIO-104 and 106, previously published as FA-A#1 IND-iPS1 and FA-A#2 IND-iPS3), FANCA expression was reconstituted as a prerequisite for generation of HIO via lentiviral expression of a doxycycline inducible construct. For radiosensitivity analysis, FANCA deficient and FANCA rescued as well as wtHIO were sham treated or irradiated with 4Gy photon, proton or carbon ions at HIT, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining of HIO for 53BP1-foci was performed 1 h post IR and gene expression analyses was performed 12 and 48 h post IR. 53BP1-foci numbers and size correlated with the higher RBE of carbon ions. A FANCA dependent differential gene expression in response to radiation was found (p < 0.01, ANOVA; n = 1071 12 h; n = 1100 48 h). Pathways associated with FA and DNA-damage repair i.e., transcriptional coupled nucleotide excision repair, homology-directed repair and translational synthesis were found to be differentially regulated in FANCA deficient HIO. Next, differential regulated genes were investigated as a function of radiation quality (RQ, p < 0.05, ANOVA; n = 742 12 h; n = 553 48 h). Interestingly, a gradual increase or decrease of gene expression was found to correlate with the three main qualities, from photon to proton and carbon irradiation. Clustering separated high-linear energy transfer irradiation with carbons from proton and photon irradiation. Genes associated with dual incision steps of TC-NER were differentially regulated in photon vs. proton and carbon irradiation. Consequently, SUMO3, ALC1, POLE4, PCBP4, MUTYH expression correlated with the higher RBE of carbon ions. An interaction between the two studied parameters FA and RQ was identified (p < 0.01, 2-way ANOVA n = 476). A comparison of genes regulated as a function of FA, RQ and RBE suggest a role for p53 interacting genes BRD7, EWSR1, FBXO11, FBXW8, HMGB1, MAGED2, PCBP4, and RPS27 as modulators of FA in response to radiation. This proof of concept study demonstrates that patient tailored evaluation of GI response to radiation is feasible via generation of HIO and comparative transcriptome profiling. This methodology can now be further explored for a personalized assessment of GI radiosensitivity and RBE estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nowrouzi
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.A.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-34638
| | - Mathieu G. Sertorio
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.G.S.); (S.I.W.)
| | - Mahdi Akbarpour
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.A.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximillian Knoll
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.A.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Matthew Kuhar
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.K.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Christian Schwager
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.A.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Brons
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.A.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.G.S.); (S.I.W.)
| | - James M. Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (M.K.); (J.M.W.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.A.); (M.K.); (C.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Radwan RR, Karam HM. Resveratrol attenuates intestinal injury in irradiated rats via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:223-230. [PMID: 31633274 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced enteritis is one of the greatest challenges in radiotherapy. The current study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of resveratrol, which exhibits anti-inflammatory property, against radiation-induced intestinal injury in rats and to explore the underlying mechanism. Rats were exposed to a single dose of 5 Gy. Resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered to irradiated rats over 3 weeks. Results showed that resveratrol ameliorated the intestinal oxidative stress parameters; malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione (GSH) level, and catalase (CAT) activity compared to irradiated group. Furthermore, resveratrol reduced the contents of inflammatory cytokines; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κB), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in intestine. Western blotting analysis revealed that resveratrol down-regulated the proteins expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in intestinal tissues of irradiated rats and thus reduced the inflammatory mediator production. These results were confirmed by histopathological investigation. In conclusion, resveratrol attenuated intestinal inflammation following irradiation via modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and thereby could be a promising adjuvant in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha R Radwan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Karam
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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Lee CL, Daniel AR, Holbrook M, Brownstein J, Silva Campos LD, Hasapis S, Ma Y, Borst LB, Badea CT, Kirsch DG. Sensitization of Vascular Endothelial Cells to Ionizing Radiation Promotes the Development of Delayed Intestinal Injury in Mice. Radiat Res 2019; 192:258-266. [PMID: 31265788 PMCID: PMC6776243 DOI: 10.1667/rr15371.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to ionizing radiation can cause acute and delayed injury. However, critical cellular targets that regulate the development of radiation-induced GI injury remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of vascular endothelial cells in controlling acute and delayed GI injury after total-abdominal irradiation (TAI). To address this, we used genetically engineered mice in which endothelial cells are sensitized to radiation due to the deletion of the tumor suppressor p53. Remarkably, we found that VE-cadherin-Cre; p53FL/FL mice, in which both alleles of p53 are deleted in endothelial cells, were not sensitized to the acute GI radiation syndrome, but these mice were highly susceptible to delayed radiation enteropathy. Histological examination indicated that VE-cadherin-Cre; p53FL/FL mice that developed delayed radiation enteropathy had severe vascular injury in the small intestine, which was manifested by hemorrhage, loss of microvessels and tissue hypoxia. In addition, using dual-energy CT imaging, we showed that VE-cadherin-Cre; p53FL/FL mice had a significant increase in vascular permeability of the small intestine in vivo 28 days after TAI. Together, these findings demonstrate that while sensitization of endothelial cells to radiation does not exacerbate the acute GI radiation syndrome, it is sufficient to promote the development of late radiation enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Andrea R Daniel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Matt Holbrook
- Department of Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Jeremy Brownstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | | | - Stephanie Hasapis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Luke B Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
| | - Cristian T Badea
- Department of Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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29
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Jiang Z, You Q, Zhang X. Medicinal chemistry of metal chelating fragments in metalloenzyme active sites: A perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:172-197. [PMID: 30684796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous metal-containing enzymes (metalloenzymes) have been considered as drug targets related to diseases such as cancers, diabetes, anemia, AIDS, malaria, bacterial infection, fibrosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibitors of the metalloenzymes have been developed independently, most of which are mimics of substrates of the corresponding enzymes. However, little attention has been paid to the interactions between inhibitors and active site metal ions. This review is focused on different metal binding fragments and their chelating properties in the metal-containing active binding pockets of metalloenzymes. We have enumerated over one hundred of inhibitors targeting various metalloenzymes and identified over ten kinds of fragments with different binding patterns. Furthermore, we have investigated the inhibitors that are undergoing clinical evaluation in order to help looking for more potential scaffolds bearing metal binding fragments. This review will provide deep insights for the rational design of novel inhibitors targeting the metal-containing binding sites of specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Jiang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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30
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Zhang P, Du J, Zhao H, Cheng Y, Dong S, Yang Y, Li B, Gao F, Sun X, Cai J, Liu C. Radioprotective effects of roxadustat (FG-4592) in haematopoietic system. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:349-356. [PMID: 30334352 PMCID: PMC6307774 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation often causes severe injuries to radiosensitive tissues, especially haematopoietic system. Novel radioprotective drugs with low toxicity and high effectiveness are required. Prolyl hydroxylases domain (PHD) inhibitors have been reported to protect against radiation‐induced gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effects of a PHD inhibitor, roxadustat (FG‐4592), against radiation‐induced haematopoietic injuries in vitro and in vivo. Methods Tissue injuries were evaluated by Haematoxilin‐Eosin (HE) staining assay. HSCs were determined by flow cytometry with the Lin−Sca‐1+c‐Kit+ (LSK) phenotype. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/PI staining assay. Immunofluorescence was performed to measure radiation‐induced DNA damage. A western blot assay was used to detect the changes of proteins related to apoptosis. Results We found that FG‐4592 pretreatment increased survival rate of irradiated mice and protected bone marrow and spleen from damages. Number of bone marrow cells (BMCs) and LSK cells were also increased both in irradiated mice and recipients after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). FG‐4592 also protected cells against radiation‐induced apoptosis and double strand break of DNA. Conclusions Our data showed that FG‐4592 exhibited radioprotective properties in haematopoietic system both in vivo and in vitro through up‐regulating HIF‐1α, indicating a potential role of FG‐4592 as a novel radioprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hainan Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suhe Dong
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Navy Aviation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Successful anticancer strategies require a differential response between tumor and normal tissue (i.e., a therapeutic ratio). In fact, improving the effectiveness of a cancer therapeutic is of no clinical value in the absence of a significant increase in the differential response between tumor and normal tissue. Although radiation dose escalation with the use of intensity modulated radiation therapy has permitted the maximum tolerable dose for most locally advanced cancers, improvements in tumor control without damaging normal adjacent tissues are needed. As a means of increasing the therapeutic ratio, several new approaches are under development. Drugs targeting signal transduction pathways in cancer progression and more recently, immunotherapeutics targeting specific immune cell subsets have entered the clinic with promising early results. Radiobiological research is underway to address pressing questions as to the dose per fraction, irradiated tumor volume and time sequence of the drug administration. To exploit these exciting novel strategies, a better understanding is needed of the cellular and molecular pathways responsible for both cancer and normal tissue and organ response, including the role of radiation-induced accelerated senescence. This review will highlight the current understanding of promising biologically targeted therapies to enhance the radiation therapeutic ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jenrow
- Department of Psychology/Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Stephen L Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are important regulators of gene expression and transcription. It is well established that impaired non-coding RNA expression especially the one of long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs is involved in a number of pathological conditions including cancer. Non-coding RNAs are responsible for the development of resistance to anticancer treatments as they regulate drug resistance-related genes, affect intracellular drug concentrations, induce alternative signaling pathways, alter drug efficiency via blocking cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage response. Furthermore, they can prevent therapeutic-induced cell death and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and elicit non-cell autonomous mechanisms of resistance. In this review, we summarize the role of non-coding RNAs for different mechanisms resulting in drug resistance (e.g., drug transport, drug metabolism, cell cycle regulation, regulation of apoptotic pathways, cancer stem cells, and EMT) in the context of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C. Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Jalili-Firoozinezhad S, Prantil-Baun R, Jiang A, Potla R, Mammoto T, Weaver JC, Ferrante TC, Kim HJ, Cabral JMS, Levy O, Ingber DE. Modeling radiation injury-induced cell death and countermeasure drug responses in a human Gut-on-a-Chip. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:223. [PMID: 29445080 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies on human intestinal injury induced by acute exposure to γ-radiation commonly rely on use of animal models because culture systems do not faithfully mimic human intestinal physiology. Here we used a human Gut-on-a-Chip (Gut Chip) microfluidic device lined by human intestinal epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells to model radiation injury and assess the efficacy of radiation countermeasure drugs in vitro. Exposure of the Gut Chip to γ-radiation resulted in increased generation of reactive oxygen species, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation, as well as villus blunting, disruption of tight junctions, and compromise of intestinal barrier integrity. In contrast, pre-treatment with a potential prophylactic radiation countermeasure drug, dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG), significantly suppressed all of these injury responses. Thus, the human Gut Chip may serve as an in vitro platform for studying radiation-induced cell death and associate gastrointestinal acute syndrome, in addition to screening of novel radio-protective medical countermeasure drugs.
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Martos-Benítez FD, Soto-García A, Gutiérrez-Noyola A. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients requiring intensive care unit admission: a prospective study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:717-723. [PMID: 29362918 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was aimed to describe the characteristics of cancer patients admitted to the oncological ICU and to identify clinical features associated with outcomes. METHODS This is a prospective study (January 2014 to December 2015) of 522 cancer patients consecutively admitted to the oncological ICU. Patients with a length of oncological ICU stay ≤ 1 day were excluded. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained at oncological ICU admission. The primary outcome of interest was hospital mortality. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for hospital mortality. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 492 (94.3%) patients with solid tumours and 30 patients (5.7%) with haematological malignancies. Advanced cancer was observed in 53.3%. Unplanned admission accounted for 25.3%. Hospital mortality rate was 13.0% (n = 68), and it was higher for patients with unplanned admission than those for electively admitted patients (35.6% vs. 5.4; p < 0.0001). Stage IV of cancer (OR 5.28; 95% CI 2.71-10.28; p < 0.0001), patients from the emergency department (OR 3.33; 95% CI 1.68-6.61; p = 0.001), unplanned admission (OR 7.99; 95% CI 4.45-14.33; p < 0.0001), non-malignancy-related admission (OR 5.80; 95% CI 3.26-10.32; p < 0.0001), sepsis (OR 4.81; 95% CI 2.28-10.16; p < 0.0001), chemotherapy-induced adverse event (OR 5.64; 95% CI 2.33-13.66; p < 0.0001), and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 18.70; 95% CI 9.93-35.21; p < 0.0001) were independently associated with increased hospital mortality in multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS ICU admission of cancer patients should be based on potential chance of recovering from the acute problem. Clinical predictor for mortality could support this purpose (UIN: researchregistry3484).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Soto-García
- Oncological Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, Havana, Cuba
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Dutta A, Gupta ML, Verma S. Podophyllotoxin and rutin in combination prevents oxidative stress mediated cell death and advances revival of mice gastrointestine following lethal radiation injury. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:103-117. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1418982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajaswrata Dutta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
| | - Savita Verma
- Division of Radioprotective Drug Development Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi, India
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Toullec A, Buard V, Rannou E, Tarlet G, Guipaud O, Robine S, Iruela-Arispe ML, François A, Milliat F. HIF-1α Deletion in the Endothelium, but Not in the Epithelium, Protects From Radiation-Induced Enteritis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 5:15-30. [PMID: 29276749 PMCID: PMC5738457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Radiation therapy in the pelvic area is associated with side effects that impact the quality of life of cancer survivors. Interestingly, the gastrointestinal tract is able to adapt to significant changes in oxygen availability, suggesting that mechanisms related to hypoxia sensing help preserve tissue integrity in this organ. However, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent responses to radiation-induced gut toxicity are unknown. Radiation-induced intestinal toxicity is a complex process involving multiple cellular compartments. Here, we investigated whether epithelial or endothelial tissue-specific HIF-1α deletion could affect acute intestinal response to radiation. METHODS Using constitutive and inducible epithelial or endothelial tissue-specific HIF-1α deletion, we evaluated the consequences of epithelial or endothelial HIF-1α deletion on radiation-induced enteritis after localized irradiation. Survival, radiation-induced tissue injury, molecular inflammatory profile, tissue hypoxia, and vascular injury were monitored. RESULTS Surprisingly, epithelium-specific HIF-1α deletion does not alter radiation-induced intestinal injury. However, irradiated VECad-Cre+/-HIF-1αFL/FL mice present with lower radiation-induced damage, showed a preserved vasculature, reduced hypoxia, and reduced proinflammatory response compared with irradiated HIF-1αFL/FL mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate in vivo that HIF-1α impacts radiation-induced enteritis and that this role differs according to the targeted cell type. Our work provides a new role for HIF-1α and endothelium-dependent mechanisms driving inflammatory processes in gut mucosae. Results presented show that effects on normal tissues have to be taken into account in approaches aiming to modulate hypoxia or hypoxia-related molecular mechanisms.
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Key Words
- EndoMT, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- Endothelium
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HIF-1α
- HIF-1αFl/FL, HIF-1α floxed mice
- HIMEC, human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IL, interleukin
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- ROSA, ROSA26R LacZ reporter mice
- Radiation
- Sham-IR, sham-irradiation
- TBI, total body irradiation
- VECad-Cre, VE-cadherin-Cre mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Toullec
- Research Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiopathology, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Research Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiopathology, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Emilie Rannou
- Research Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiopathology, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Georges Tarlet
- Research Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiopathology, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Guipaud
- Research Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiopathology, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Agnès François
- Research Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiopathology, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Research Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiopathology, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Fabien Milliat, PhD, Research Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiopathology, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.Research Laboratory of Radiobiology and RadiopathologyInstitute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety92265 Fontenay-aux-RosesFrance
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Singh VK, Hanlon BK, Santiago PT, Seed TM. A review of radiation countermeasures focusing on injury-specific medicinals and regulatory approval status: part III. Countermeasures under early stages of development along with 'standard of care' medicinal and procedures not requiring regulatory approval for use. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:885-906. [PMID: 28657400 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1332440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Terrorist attacks, with their intent to maximize psychological and economic damage as well as inflicting sickness and death on given targeted populations, are an ever-growing worldwide concern in government and public sectors as they become more frequent, violent, and sensational. If given the chance, it is likely that terrorists will use radiological or nuclear weapons. To thwart these sinister efforts, both physical and medical countermeasures against these weapons are currently being researched and developed so that they can be utilized by the first responders, military, and medical providers alike. This is the third article of a three-part series in which we have reviewed additional radiation countermeasures that are currently under early preclinical phases of development using largely animal models and have listed and discussed clinical support measures, including agents used for radiation-induced emesis, as well as countermeasures not requiring Food and Drug Administration approval. CONCLUSIONS Despite the significant progress that has been made in this area during the last several years, additional effort is needed in order to push promising new agents, currently under development, through the regulatory pipeline. This pipeline for new promising drugs appears to be unreasonably slow and cumbersome; possible reasons for this inefficiency are briefly discussed. Significant and continued effort needs to be afforded to this research and development area, as to date, there is no approved radioprotector that can be administered prior to high dose radiation exposure. This represents a very significant, unmet medical need and a significant security issue. A large number of agents with potential to interact with different biological targets are under development. In the next few years, several additional radiation countermeasures will likely receive Food and Drug Administration approval, increasing treatment options for victims exposed to unwanted ionizing irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- a Division of Radioprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A
| | - Briana K Hanlon
- a Division of Radioprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A
| | - Paola T Santiago
- a Division of Radioprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A
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Hofer M, Hoferová Z, Falk M. Pharmacological Modulation of Radiation Damage. Does It Exist a Chance for Other Substances than Hematopoietic Growth Factors and Cytokines? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1385. [PMID: 28657605 PMCID: PMC5535878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent times, cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors have been at the center of attention for many researchers trying to establish pharmacological therapeutic procedures for the treatment of radiation accident victims. Two granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-based radiation countermeasures have been approved for the treatment of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. However, at the same time, many different substances with varying effects have been tested in animal studies as potential radioprotectors and mitigators of radiation damage. A wide spectrum of these substances has been studied, comprising various immunomodulators, prostaglandins, inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, agonists of adenosine cell receptors, herbal extracts, flavonoids, vitamins, and others. These agents are often effective, relatively non-toxic, and cheap. This review summarizes the results of animal experiments, which show the potential for some of these untraditional or new radiation countermeasures to become a part of therapeutic procedures applicable in patients with the acute radiation syndrome. The authors consider β-glucan, 5-AED (5-androstenediol), meloxicam, γ-tocotrienol, genistein, IB-MECA (N⁶-(3-iodobezyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide), Ex-RAD (4-carboxystyryl-4-chlorobenzylsulfone), and entolimod the most promising agents, with regards to their contingent use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hofer
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Hoferová
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Falk
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Hofer M, Hoferová Z, Depeš D, Falk M. Combining Pharmacological Countermeasures to Attenuate the Acute Radiation Syndrome-A Concise Review. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050834. [PMID: 28534834 PMCID: PMC6154336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of combined pharmacological approaches in the treatment of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is to obtain an effective therapy producing a minimum of undesirable side effects. This review summarizes important data from studies evaluating the efficacy of combining radioprotective agents developed for administration prior to irradiation and therapeutic agents administered in a post-irradiation treatment regimen. Many of the evaluated results show additivity, or even synergism, of the combined treatments in comparison with the effects of the individual component administrations. It can be deduced from these findings that the research in which combined treatments with radioprotectors/radiomitigators are explored, tested, and evaluated is well-founded. The requirement for studies highly emphasizing the need to minimize undesirable side effects of the radioprotective/radiomitigating therapies is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hofer
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Hoferová
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Depeš
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Falk
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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