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Votta C, Wang JY, Cavallini N, Savorani F, Capparotto A, Liew KX, Giovannetti M, Lanfranco L, Al-Babili S, Fiorilli V. Integration of rice apocarotenoid profile and expression pattern of Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases reveals a positive effect of β-ionone on mycorrhization. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 207:108366. [PMID: 38244387 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are susceptible to degrading processes initiated by oxidative cleavage reactions mediated by Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases that break their backbone, leading to products called apocarotenoids. These carotenoid-derived metabolites include the phytohormones abscisic acid and strigolactones, and different signaling molecules and growth regulators, which are utilized by plants to coordinate many aspects of their life. Several apocarotenoids have been recruited for the communication between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and as regulators of the establishment of AM symbiosis. However, our knowledge on their biosynthetic pathways and the regulation of their pattern during AM symbiosis is still limited. In this study, we generated a qualitative and quantitative profile of apocarotenoids in roots and shoots of rice plants exposed to high/low phosphate concentrations, and upon AM symbiosis in a time course experiment covering different stages of growth and AM development. To get deeper insights in the biology of apocarotenoids during this plant-fungal symbiosis, we complemented the metabolic profiles by determining the expression pattern of CCD genes, taking advantage of chemometric tools. This analysis revealed the specific profiles of CCD genes and apocarotenoids across different stages of AM symbiosis and phosphate supply conditions, identifying novel reliable markers at both local and systemic levels and indicating a promoting role of β-ionone in AM symbiosis establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Votta
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Cavallini
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Savorani
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Polytechnic of Turin, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Arianna Capparotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Kit Xi Liew
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Giovannetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; The Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy.
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Lawrence BT, Calle A, Saski CA, Melgar JC. Differential Gene Expression Patterns in Peach Roots under Non-Uniform Soil Conditions in Response to Organic Matter. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:70. [PMID: 38254960 PMCID: PMC10815151 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) amendments are often encouraged in sustainable agriculture programs but can create heterogeneous soil environments when applied to perennial crops such as peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). To better understand the responses of peach roots to non-uniform soil conditions, transcriptomic analysis was performed in a split-root study using uniform soil (the same soil type for all roots) or non-uniform soil (different soil types for each half of the root system) from either (1) autoclaved sand (S), (2) autoclaved sand with autoclaved compost (A), or (3) autoclaved sand with compost which included inherent biological soil life (B). Each uniform soil type (S, A, and B) was grouped and compared by uniform and non-uniform soil comparisons for a total of nine treatments. Comparisons revealed peach roots had differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene ontology terms between soil groups, with the S and B groups having a range of 106-411 DEGs and the A group having a range of 19-94 DEGs. Additionally, six modules were identified and correlated (p > 0.69) for six of the nine treatment combinations. This study broadly highlights the complexity of how OM and biological life in the rhizosphere interact with immediate and distant roots and sheds light on how non-homogenous soil conditions can influence peach root gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Lawrence
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Alejandro Calle
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Gardeny Park, Fruitcentre Building, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Christopher A. Saski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Melgar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 105 Collings Street, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Wu YH, Qin Y, Cai QQ, Liu M, He DM, Chen X, Wang H, Yan ZY. Effect the accumulation of bioactive constituents of a medicinal plant (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:597. [PMID: 38017446 PMCID: PMC10683245 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with various terrestrial plants and have attracted considerable interest as biofertilizers for improving the quality and yield of medicinal plants. Despite the widespread distribution of AMFs in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge's roots, research on the impact of multiple AMFs on biomass and active ingredient accumulations has not been conducted. In this study, the effects of five native AMFs (Glomus formosanum, Septoglomus constrictum, Rhizophagus manihotis, Acaulospora laevis, and Ambispora gerdemannii) and twenty-six communities on the root biomass and active ingredient concentrations of S. miltiorrhiza were assessed using the total factor design method. RESULTS Thirty-one treatment groups formed symbiotic relationships with S. miltiorrhiza based on the pot culture results, and the colonization rate ranged from 54.83% to 89.97%. AMF communities had higher colonization rates and total phenolic acid concentration than single AMF, and communities also appeared to have higher root fresh weight, dry weight, and total phenolic acid concentration than single inoculations. As AMF richness increased, there was a rising trend in root biomass and total tanshinone accumulations (ATTS), while total phenolic acid accumulations (ATP) showed a decreasing trend. This suggests that plant productivity was influenced by the AMF richness, with higher inoculation benefits observed when the communities contained three or four AMFs. Additionally, the affinities of AMF members were also connected to plant productivity. The inoculation effect of closely related AMFs within the same family, such as G. formosanum, S. constrictum, and R. manihotis, consistently yielded lower than that of mono-inoculation when any combinations were applied. The co-inoculation of S. miltiorrhiza with nearby or distant AMFs from two families, such as G. formosanum, R. manihotis, and Ac. laevis or Am. gerdemannii resulted in an increase of ATP and ATTS by more than 50%. AMF communities appear to be more beneficial to the yield of bioactive constituents than the single AMF, but overall community inoculation effects are related to the composition of AMFs and the relationship between members. CONCLUSION This study reveals that the AMF community has great potential to improve the productivity and the accumulation of bioactive constituents in S. miltiorrhiza, indicating that it is an effective way to achieve sustainable agricultural development through using the AMF community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhu-Yun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Sportes A, Hériché M, Mounier A, Durney C, van Tuinen D, Trouvelot S, Wipf D, Courty PE. Comparative RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of ten grapevine rootstocks: shared and specific sets of genes respond to mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza 2023; 33:369-385. [PMID: 37561219 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis improves water and nutrient uptake by plants and provides them other ecosystem services. Grapevine is one of the major crops in the world. Vitis vinifera scions generally are grafted onto a variety of rootstocks that confer different levels of resistance against different pests, tolerance to environmental stress, and influence the physiology of the scions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are involved in the root architecture and in the immune response to soil-borne pathogens. However, the fine-tuned regulation and the transcriptomic plasticity of rootstocks in response to mycorrhization are still unknown. We compared the responses of 10 different grapevine rootstocks to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) formed with Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198 using RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling. We have highlighted a few shared regulation mechanisms, but also specific rootstock responses to R. irregularis colonization. A set of 353 genes was regulated by AMS in all ten rootstocks. We also compared the expression level of this set of genes to more than 2000 transcriptome profiles from various grapevine varieties and tissues to identify a class of transcripts related to mycorrhizal associations in these 10 rootstocks. Then, we compared the response of the 351 genes upregulated by mycorrhiza in grapevine to their Medicago truncatula homologs in response to mycorrhizal colonization based on available transcriptomic studies. More than 97% of the 351 M. truncatula-homologous grapevine genes were expressed in at least one mycorrhizal transcriptomic study, and 64% in every single RNAseq dataset. At the intra-specific level, we described, for the first time, shared and specific grapevine rootstock genes in response to R. irregularis symbiosis. At the inter-specific level, we defined a shared subset of mycorrhiza-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Sportes
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mathilde Hériché
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Mounier
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Célien Durney
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Diederik van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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von Dahlen JK, Schulz K, Nicolai J, Rose LE. Global expression patterns of R-genes in tomato and potato. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1216795. [PMID: 37965025 PMCID: PMC10641715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1216795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction As key-players of plant immunity, the proteins encoded by resistance genes (R-genes) recognize pathogens and initiate pathogen-specific defense responses. The expression of some R-genes carry fitness costs and therefore inducible immune responses are likely advantageous. To what degree inducible resistance driven by R-genes is triggered by pathogen infection is currently an open question. Methods In this study we analyzed the expression of 940 R-genes of tomato and potato across 315 transcriptome libraries to investigate how interspecific interactions with microbes influence R-gene expression in plants. Results We found that most R-genes are expressed at a low level. A small subset of R-genes had moderate to high levels of expression and were expressed across many independent libraries, irrespective of infection status. These R-genes include members of the class of genes called NRCs (NLR required for cell death). Approximately 10% of all R-genes were differentially expressed during infection and this included both up- and down-regulation. One factor associated with the large differences in R-gene expression was host tissue, reflecting a considerable degree of tissue-specific transcriptional regulation of this class of genes. Discussion These results call into question the widespread view that R-gene expression is induced upon pathogen attack. Instead, a small core set of R-genes is constitutively expressed, imparting upon the plant a ready-to-detect and defend status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina K. von Dahlen
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- iGRAD-Plant Graduate School, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schulz
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Ceplas, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Nicolai
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura E. Rose
- Institute of Population Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Ceplas, Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Geisler M, Buerki S, Serpe MD. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Alter Photosynthetic Responses to Drought in Seedlings of Artemisia tridentata. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2990. [PMID: 37631200 PMCID: PMC10458374 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of Artemisia tridentata, a keystone species of the sagebrush steppe, is often limited by summer drought. Symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants to cope with drought. We investigated this possible effect on A. tridentata seedlings inoculated with native AMF and exposed to drought in greenhouse and field settings. In greenhouse experiments, AMF colonization increased intrinsic water use efficiency under water stress and delayed the decrease in photosynthesis caused by drought, or this decrease occurred at a lower soil water content. In the field, we evaluated the effect of AMF inoculation on colonization, leaf water potential, survival, and inflorescence development. Inoculation increased AMF colonization, and the seedlings experienced water stress, as evidenced by water potentials between -2 and -4 MPa and reduced stomatal conductance. However, survival remained high, and no differences in water potentials or survival occurred between treatments. Only the percentage of plants with inflorescence was higher in inoculated than non-inoculated seedlings. Overall, the greenhouse results support that AMF colonization enhances drought tolerance in A. tridentata seedlings. Yet, the significance of these results in increasing survival in nature remains to be tested under more severe drought than the plants experienced in our field experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo D. Serpe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA
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Ran Z, Chen X, Li R, Duan W, Zhang Y, Fang L, Guo L, Zhou J. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the changes induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Panax quinquefolius L. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:4919-4933. [PMID: 36942522 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax quinquefolius L. is one of the most important foods and herbs because of its high nutritional value and medicinal potential. In our previous study we found that the ginsenoside content in P. quinquefolius was improved by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs). However, little research has been conducted on the molecular mechanisms in P. quinquefolius roots induced by AMFs colonization. To identify the metabolomic and transcriptomic mechanisms of P. quinquefolius induced by AMFs, non-mycorrhized (control) and mycorrhized (AMF) P. quinquefolius were used as experimental materials for comparative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome. RESULTS Compared with the control, 182 metabolites and 545 genes were significantly changed at the metabolic and transcriptional levels in AMFs treatment. The metabolic pattern of AMFs was changed, and the contents of ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg2), threonine, and glutaric acid were significantly increased. There were significant differences in the expression of genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, and the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. In addition, several transcription factors from the NAC, WRKY, and basic helix-loop-helix families were identified in AMFs versus the control. Furthermore, the combined analysis of 'transcriptomics-metabolomics' analysis showed that 'Plant hormone signal transduction', 'Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism' and 'Glutathione metabolism' pathways were the important enriched pathways in response to AMFs colonization. CONCLUSION Overall, these results provide new insights into P. quinquefolius response to AMFs, which improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of P. quinquefolius induced by AMFs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Ran
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Duan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Nasuelli M, Novello G, Gamalero E, Massa N, Gorrasi S, Sudiro C, Hochart M, Altissimo A, Vuolo F, Bona E. PGPB and/or AM Fungi Consortia Affect Tomato Native Rhizosphere Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1891. [PMID: 37630451 PMCID: PMC10458106 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes are one of the most important crops worldwide and also play a central role in the human diet. Microbial consortia are microorganism associations, often employed as bioinoculants, that can interact with the native rhizosphere microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a bacterial-based biostimulant (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) (PSBA) in combination, or not, with a commercial inoculum Micomix (Rhizoglomus irregulare, Funnelliformis mosseae, Funnelliformis caledonium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus) (MYC) on the native rhizosphere communities and on tomato production. The trial was carried out using Solanum lycopersicum in an open field as follows: control full NPK (CFD), control reduced NPK (CRD), MYC, PSBA, PSBA + MYC. Bacterial population in the different samples were characterized using a next generation sequencing approach. The bioinocula effect on the native rhizosphere microbiota resulted in significant variation both in alpha and beta diversity and in a specific signature associated with the presence of biostimulants, especially in the presence of co-inoculation (PSBA + MYC). In particular, the high initial biodiversity shifts in the community composition occurred and consisted in the increase in the abundance of genera correlated to the soil acidification and in an enhanced density of nitrogen-fixing microbes. The results also highlighted the well-known rhizosphere effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nasuelli
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica (DISSTE), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Susanna Gorrasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Cristina Sudiro
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Marie Hochart
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Adriano Altissimo
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica (DISSTE), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
- Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Campos C, Coito JL, Cardoso H, Marques da Silva J, Pereira HS, Viegas W, Nogales A. Dynamic Regulation of Grapevine's microRNAs in Response to Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and High Temperature. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:982. [PMID: 36903843 PMCID: PMC10005052 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses and can regulate plant interactions with beneficial soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). To determine if root inoculation with distinct AMF species affected miRNA expression in grapevines subjected to high temperatures, RNA-seq was conducted in leaves of grapevines inoculated with either Rhizoglomus irregulare or Funneliformis mosseae and exposed to a high-temperature treatment (HTT) of 40 °C for 4 h per day for one week. Our results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in a better plant physiological response to HTT. Amongst the 195 identified miRNAs, 83 were considered isomiRs, suggesting that isomiRs can be biologically functional in plants. The number of differentially expressed miRNAs between temperatures was higher in mycorrhizal (28) than in non-inoculated plants (17). Several miR396 family members, which target homeobox-leucine zipper proteins, were only upregulated by HTT in mycorrhizal plants. Predicted targets of HTT-induced miRNAs in mycorrhizal plants queried to STRING DB formed networks for Cox complex, and growth and stress-related transcription factors such as SQUAMOSA promoter-binding-like-proteins, homeobox-leucine zipper proteins and auxin receptors. A further cluster related to DNA polymerase was found in R. irregulare inoculated plants. The results presented herein provide new insights into miRNA regulation in mycorrhizal grapevines under heat stress and can be the basis for functional studies of plant-AMF-stress interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Campos
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - João Lucas Coito
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélia Cardoso
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- Department of Plant Biology/BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Sofia Pereira
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Wanda Viegas
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amaia Nogales
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Wang C, Huang R, Wang J, Jin J, Malik K, Niu X, Tang R, Hou W, Cheng C, Liu Y, Liu J. Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Elucidates the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Salt Resistance in Roots of Achnatherum inebrians Mediated by Epichloë gansuensis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1092. [PMID: 36294657 PMCID: PMC9605608 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinization of soil is a major environmental risk factor to plant functions, leading to a reduction of productivity of crops and forage. Epichloë gansuensis, seed-borne endophytic fungi, establishes a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with Achnatherum inebrians and confers salt tolerance in the host plants. In this study, analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was used to explore the potential molecular mechanism underlying the salt-adaptation of A. inebrians roots mediated by E. gansuensis. We found that E. gansuensis played an important role in the gene expression of the host’s roots and regulated multiple pathways involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, TCA cycle, secondary metabolism, and lipid metabolism in the roots of A. inebrians. Importantly, E. gansuensis significantly induced the biological processes, including exocytosis, glycolytic process, fructose metabolic process, and potassium ion transport in roots of host plants at transcriptional levels, and altered the pathways, including inositol phosphate metabolism, galactose metabolism, starch, and sucrose metabolism at metabolite levels under NaCl stress. These findings provided insight into the molecular mechanism of salt resistance in roots of A. inebrians mediated by E. gansuensis and could drive progress in the cultivation of new salt-resistance breeds with endophytes.
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11
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Wang L, Tang Z. How do arbuscular mycorrhizas affect reproductive functional fitness of host plants? Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:975488. [PMID: 36072330 PMCID: PMC9441947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in soil may be directly or indirectly involved in the reproductive process of sexually reproducing plants (seed plants), and affect their reproductive fitness. However, it is not clear how underground AM symbiosis affects plant reproductive function. Here, we reviewed the studies on the effects of AM symbiosis on plant reproductive fitness including both male function (pollen) and female function (seed). AM symbiosis regulates the development and function of plant sexual organs by affecting the nutrient using strategy and participating in the formation of hormone networks and secondary compounds in host plants. The nutrient supply (especially phosphorus supply) of AM symbiosis may be the main factor affecting plant's reproductive function. Moreover, the changes in hormone levels and secondary metabolite content induced by AM symbiosis can also affect host plants reproductive fitness. These effects can occur in pollen formation and transport, pollen tube growth and seed production, and seedling performance. Finally, we discuss other possible effects of AM symbiosis on the male and female functional fitness, and suggest several additional factors that may be involved in the influence of AM symbiosis on the reproductive fitness of host plants. We believe that it is necessary to accurately identify and verify the mechanisms driving the changes of reproductive fitness of host plant in symbiotic networks in the future. A more thorough understanding of the mechanism of AM symbiosis on reproductive function will help to improve our understanding of AM fungus ecological roles and may provide references for improving the productivity of natural and agricultural ecosystems.
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12
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Sillo F, Brunetti C, Marroni F, Vita F, Dos Santos Nascimento LB, Vizzini A, Mello A, Balestrini R. Systemic effects of Tuber melanosporum inoculation in two Corylus avellana genotypes. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:1463-1480. [PMID: 35137225 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Roots of the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), i.e., one of the most economically important nut species, form symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, including truffles. Although physical interactions only occur in roots, the presence of mycorrhizal fungi can lead to metabolic changes at a systemic level, i.e., in leaves. However, how root colonization by ECM fungi modifies these processes in the host plant has so far not been widely studied. This work aimed to investigate the response in two C. avellana genotypes, focusing on leaves from plants inoculated with the black truffle Tuber melanosporum Vittad. Transcriptomic profiles of leaves of colonized plants were compared with those of non-colonized plants, as well as sugar and polyphenolic content. Results suggested that T. melanosporum has the potential to support plants in stressed conditions, leading to the systemic regulation of several genes involved in signaling and defense responses. Although further confirmation is needed, our results open new perspectives for future research aimed to highlight novel aspects in ECM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Strada della Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Vita
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mello
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Strada della Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
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13
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Zhao Y, Cartabia A, Lalaymia I, Declerck S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Mycorrhiza 2022; 32:221-256. [PMID: 35556179 PMCID: PMC9184413 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are an important source of therapeutic compounds used in the treatment of many diseases since ancient times. Interestingly, they form associations with numerous microorganisms developing as endophytes or symbionts in different parts of the plants. Within the soil, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most prevalent symbiotic microorganisms forming associations with more than 70% of vascular plants. In the last decade, a number of studies have reported the positive effects of AMF on improving the production and accumulation of important active compounds in medicinal plants.In this work, we reviewed the literature on the effects of AMF on the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The major findings are as follows: AMF impact the production of secondary metabolites either directly by increasing plant biomass or indirectly by stimulating secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. The magnitude of the impact differs depending on the plant genotype, the AMF strain, and the environmental context (e.g., light, time of harvesting). Different methods of cultivation are used for the production of secondary metabolites by medicinal plants (e.g., greenhouse, aeroponics, hydroponics, in vitro and hairy root cultures) which also are compatible with AMF. In conclusion, the inoculation of medicinal plants with AMF is a real avenue for increasing the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites of pharmacological, medical, and cosmetic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanYan Zhao
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Cartabia
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ismahen Lalaymia
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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14
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Wang Y, He X, Yu F. Non-host plants: Are they mycorrhizal networks players? Plant Divers 2022; 44:127-134. [PMID: 35505991 PMCID: PMC9043302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) that connect individual plants of the same or different species together play important roles in nutrient and signal transportation, and plant community organization. However, about 10% of land plants are non-mycorrhizal species with roots that do not form any well-recognized types of mycorrhizas; and each mycorrhizal fungus can only colonize a limited number of plant species, resulting in numerous non-host plants that could not establish typical mycorrhizal symbiosis with a specific mycorrhizal fungus. If and how non-mycorrhizal or non-host plants are able to involve in CMNs remains unclear. Here we summarize studies focusing on mycorrhizal-mediated host and non-host plant interaction. Evidence has showed that some host-supported both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) hyphae can access to non-host plant roots without forming typical mycorrhizal structures, while such non-typical mycorrhizal colonization often inhibits the growth but enhances the induced system resistance of non-host plants. Meanwhile, the host growth is also differentially affected, depending on plant and fungi species. Molecular analyses suggested that the AMF colonization to non-hosts is different from pathogenic and endophytic fungi colonization, and the hyphae in non-host roots may be alive and have some unknown functions. Thus we propose that non-host plants are also important CMNs players. Using non-mycorrhizal model species Arabidopsis, tripartite culture system and new technologies such as nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry and multi-omics, to study nutrient and signal transportation between host and non-host plants via CMNs may provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying benefits of intercropping and agro-forestry systems, as well as plant community establishment and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Wang
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xinhua He
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Fuqiang Yu
- The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Massa S, Pagliarello R, Cemmi A, Di Sarcina I, Bombarely A, Demurtas OC, Diretto G, Paolini F, Petzold HE, Bliek M, Bennici E, Del Fiore A, De Rossi P, Spelt C, Koes R, Quattrocchio F, Benvenuto E. Modifying Anthocyanins Biosynthesis in Tomato Hairy Roots: A Test Bed for Plant Resistance to Ionizing Radiation and Antioxidant Properties in Space. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:830931. [PMID: 35283922 PMCID: PMC8909381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.830931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression manipulation of specific metabolic pathways can be used to obtain bioaccumulation of valuable molecules and desired quality traits in plants. A single-gene approach to impact different traits would be greatly desirable in agrospace applications, where several aspects of plant physiology can be affected, influencing growth. In this work, MicroTom hairy root cultures expressing a MYB-like transcription factor that regulates the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Petunia hybrida (PhAN4), were considered as a testbed for bio-fortified tomato whole plants aimed at agrospace applications. Ectopic expression of PhAN4 promoted biosynthesis of anthocyanins, allowing to profile 5 major derivatives of delphinidin and petunidin together with pelargonidin and malvidin-based anthocyanins, unusual in tomato. Consistent with PhAN4 features, transcriptomic profiling indicated upregulation of genes correlated to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Interestingly, a transcriptome reprogramming oriented to positive regulation of cell response to biotic, abiotic, and redox stimuli was evidenced. PhAN4 hairy root cultures showed the significant capability to counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and protein misfolding upon high-dose gamma irradiation, which is among the most potent pro-oxidant stress that can be encountered in space. These results may have significance in the engineering of whole tomato plants that can benefit space agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Massa
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pagliarello
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessia Cemmi
- Fusion and Nuclear Safety Technologies Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Sarcina
- Fusion and Nuclear Safety Technologies Department, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Olivia Costantina Demurtas
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Paolini
- 'Regina Elena' National Cancer Institute, HPV-UNIT, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Functional Departmental Area, Rome, Italy
| | - H Earl Petzold
- School of Plants and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mattijs Bliek
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Bennici
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Del Fiore
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Agrifood Sustainability, Quality, and Safety Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Rossi
- Energy Efficiency Unit Department - Northern Area Regions Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
| | - Cornelis Spelt
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald Koes
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Quattrocchio
- Department of Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Benvenuto
- Department for Sustainability, Biotechnology and Agro-Industry Division - Biotec Laboratory, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, Italy
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16
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Pellegrino E, Nuti M, Ercoli L. Multiple Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Consortia Enhance Yield and Fatty Acids of Medicago sativa: A Two-Year Field Study on Agronomic Traits and Tracing of Fungal Persistence. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:814401. [PMID: 35237288 PMCID: PMC8882620 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.814401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are promoted as biofertilizers due to potential benefits in crop productivity, and macro- and microelement uptake. However, crop response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation is context-dependent, and AMF diversity and field establishment and persistence of inoculants can greatly contribute to variation in outcomes. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that multiple and local AMF inoculants could enhance alfalfa yield and fatty acids (FA) compared to exotic isolates either single or in the mixture. We aimed also to verify the persistence of inoculated AMF, and which component of the AMF communities was the major driver of plant traits. Therefore, a field experiment of AMF inoculation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with three single foreign isolates, a mixture of the foreign isolates (FMix), and a highly diverse mixture of local AMF (LMix) was set up. We showed that AMF improved alfalfa yield (+ 68%), nutrient (+ 147% N content and + 182% P content in forage), and FA content (+ 105%). These positive effects persisted for at least 2 years post-inoculation and were associated with enhanced AMF abundance in roots. Consortia of AMF strains acted in synergy, and the mixture of foreign AMF isolates provided greater benefits compared to local consortia (+ 20% forage yield, + 36% forage N content, + 18% forage P content, + 20% total FA in forage). Foreign strains of Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis persisted in the roots of alfalfa 2 years following inoculation, either as single inoculum or as a component of the mixture. Among inoculants, F. mosseae BEG12 and AZ225C and the FMix exerted a higher impact on the local AMF community compared with LMix and R. irregularis BEG141. Finally, the stimulation of the proliferation of a single-taxa (R. irregularis cluster1) induced by all inoculants was the main determinant of the host benefits. Crop productivity and quality as well as field persistence of inoculated AMF support the use of mixtures of foreign AMF. On the other hand, local mixtures showed a lower impact on native AMF. These results pave the way for extending the study on the effect of AMF mixtures for the production of high-quality forage for the animal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Nuti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Ercoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Ntana F, Johnson SR, Hamberger B, Jensen B, Jørgensen HJL, Collinge DB. Regulation of Tomato Specialised Metabolism after Establishment of Symbiosis with the Endophytic Fungus Serendipita indica. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010194. [PMID: 35056642 PMCID: PMC8778627 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialised metabolites produced during plant-fungal associations often define how symbiosis between the plant and the fungus proceeds. They also play a role in the establishment of additional interactions between the symbionts and other organisms present in the niche. However, specialised metabolism and its products are sometimes overlooked when studying plant-microbe interactions. This limits our understanding of the specific symbiotic associations and potentially future perspectives of their application in agriculture. In this study, we used the interaction between the root endophyte Serendipita indica and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to explore how specialised metabolism of the host plant is regulated upon a mutualistic symbiotic association. To do so, tomato seedlings were inoculated with S. indica chlamydospores and subjected to RNAseq analysis. Gene expression of the main tomato specialised metabolism pathways was compared between roots and leaves of endophyte-colonised plants and tissues of endophyte-free plants. S. indica colonisation resulted in a strong transcriptional response in the leaves of colonised plants. Furthermore, the presence of the fungus in plant roots appears to induce expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of lignin-derived compounds, polyacetylenes, and specific terpenes in both roots and leaves, whereas pathways producing glycoalkaloids and flavonoids were expressed in lower or basal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Ntana
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.N.); (B.J.); (H.J.L.J.)
| | - Sean R. Johnson
- New England Biolabs, Inc., 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA;
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Birgit Jensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.N.); (B.J.); (H.J.L.J.)
| | - Hans J. L. Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.N.); (B.J.); (H.J.L.J.)
| | - David B. Collinge
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.N.); (B.J.); (H.J.L.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35333356
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18
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Francesca S, Vitale L, Arena C, Raimondi G, Olivieri F, Cirillo V, Paradiso A, de Pinto MC, Maggio A, Barone A, Rigano MM. The efficient physiological strategy of a novel tomato genotype to adapt to chronic combined water and heat stress. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:62-74. [PMID: 34605594 PMCID: PMC9293464 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency of high temperature shocks and water shortages, pointing to the need to develop novel tolerant varieties and to understand the mechanisms employed to withstand combined abiotic stresses. Two tomato genotypes, a heat-tolerant Solanum lycopersicum accession (LA3120) and a novel genotype (E42), previously selected as a stable yielding genotype under high temperatures, were exposed to single and combined water and heat stress. Plant functional traits, pollen viability and physiological (leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence emission measurements) and biochemical (antioxidant content and antioxidant enzyme activity) measurements were carried out. A Reduced Representation Sequencing approach allowed exploration of the genetic variability of both genotypes to identify candidate genes that could regulate stress responses. Both abiotic stresses had a severe impact on plant growth parameters and on the reproductive phase of development. Growth parameters and leaf gas exchange measurements revealed that the two genotypes used different physiological strategies to overcome individual and combined stresses, with E42 having a more efficient capacity to utilize the limiting water resources. Activation of antioxidant defence mechanisms seemed to be critical for both genotypes to counteract combined abiotic stresses. Candidate genes were identified that could explain the different physiological responses to stress observed in E42 compared with LA3120. Results here obtained have shown how new tomato genetic resources can be a valuable source of traits for adaptation to combined abiotic stresses and should be used in breeding programmes to improve stress tolerance in commercial varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Francesca
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”PorticiItaly
| | - L. Vitale
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food SciencesNational Research CouncilInstitute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanPorticiItaly
| | - C. Arena
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
- BATCenter ‐ Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro‐Environmental TechnologyPorticiItaly
| | - G. Raimondi
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”PorticiItaly
| | - F. Olivieri
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”PorticiItaly
| | - V. Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”PorticiItaly
| | - A. Paradiso
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Bari “Aldo Moro”BariItaly
| | - M. C. de Pinto
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Bari “Aldo Moro”BariItaly
| | - A. Maggio
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”PorticiItaly
| | - A. Barone
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”PorticiItaly
| | - M. M. Rigano
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”PorticiItaly
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19
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Cheng C, Wang J, Hou W, Malik K, Zhao C, Niu X, Liu Y, Huang R, Li C, Nan Z. Elucidating the Molecular Mechanisms by which Seed-Borne Endophytic Fungi, Epichloë gansuensis, Increases the Tolerance of Achnatherum inebrians to NaCl Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413191. [PMID: 34947985 PMCID: PMC8706252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed-borne endophyte Epichloë gansuensis enhance NaCl tolerance in Achnatherum inebrians and increase its biomass. However, the molecular mechanism by which E. gansuensis increases the tolerance of host grasses to NaCl stress is unclear. Hence, we firstly explored the full-length transcriptome information of A. inebrians by PacBio RS II. In this work, we obtained 738,588 full-length non-chimeric reads, 36,105 transcript sequences and 27,202 complete CDSs from A. inebrians. We identified 3558 transcription factors (TFs), 15,945 simple sequence repeats and 963 long non-coding RNAs of A. inebrians. The present results show that 2464 and 1817 genes were differentially expressed by E. gansuensis in the leaves of E+ and E− plants at 0 mM and 200 mM NaCl concentrations, respectively. In addition, NaCl stress significantly regulated 4919 DEGs and 502 DEGs in the leaves of E+ and E− plants, respectively. Transcripts associated with photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, amino acids metabolism, flavonoid biosynthetic process and WRKY TFs were differentially expressed by E. gansuensis; importantly, E. gansuensis up-regulated biology processes (brassinosteroid biosynthesis, oxidation–reduction, cellular calcium ion homeostasis, carotene biosynthesis, positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis) of host grass under NaCl stress, which indicated an increase in the ability of host grasses’ adaptation to NaCl stress. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the molecular mechanism for E. gansuensis to increase the tolerance to salt stress in the host, which provides a theoretical basis for the molecular breed to create salt-tolerant forage with endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.C.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (R.H.); (C.L.); (Z.N.)
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.C.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (R.H.); (C.L.); (Z.N.)
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Wenpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.C.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (R.H.); (C.L.); (Z.N.)
| | - Kamran Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Chengzhou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
- Tibetan Medicine Research Center, College of Tibetan Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xueli Niu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China;
| | - Yinglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.C.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (R.H.); (C.L.); (Z.N.)
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.C.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (R.H.); (C.L.); (Z.N.)
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.C.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (R.H.); (C.L.); (Z.N.)
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.C.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (R.H.); (C.L.); (Z.N.)
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
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Sportes A, Hériché M, Boussageon R, Noceto PA, van Tuinen D, Wipf D, Courty PE. A historical perspective on mycorrhizal mutualism emphasizing arbuscular mycorrhizas and their emerging challenges. Mycorrhiza 2021; 31:637-653. [PMID: 34657204 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza, one of the oldest interactions on earth (~ 450 million years old) and a first-class partner for plants to colonize emerged land, is considered one of the most pervasive ecological relationships on the globe. Despite how important and old this interaction is, its discovery was very recent compared to the long story of land plant evolution. The story of the arbuscular mycorrhiza cannot be addressed apart from the history, controversies, and speculations about mycorrhiza in its broad sense. The chronicle of mycorrhizal research is marked by multiple key milestones such as the initial description of a "persistent epiderm and pellicular wall structure" by Hartig; the introduction of the "Symbiotismus" and "Mycorrhiza" concepts by Frank; the description of diverse root-fungal morphologies; the first description of arbuscules by Gallaud; Mosse's pivotal statement of the beneficial nature of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis; the impact of molecular tools on the taxonomy of mycorrhizal fungi as well as the development of in vitro root organ cultures for producing axenic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). An appreciation of the story - full of twists and turns - of the arbuscular mycorrhiza, going from the roots of mycorrhiza history, along with the discovery of different mycorrhiza types such as ectomycorrhiza, can improve research to help face our days' challenge of developing sustainable agriculture that integrates the arbuscular mycorrhiza and its ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Sportes
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mathilde Hériché
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Raphaël Boussageon
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Noceto
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Diederik van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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Noceto PA, Bettenfeld P, Boussageon R, Hériché M, Sportes A, van Tuinen D, Courty PE, Wipf D. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, a key symbiosis in the development of quality traits in crop production, alone or combined with plant growth-promoting bacteria. Mycorrhiza 2021; 31:655-669. [PMID: 34633544 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture is currently undergoing rapid changes in the face of the continuing growth of world population and many ensuing environmental challenges. Crop quality is becoming as important as crop yield and can be characterised by several parameters. For fruits and vegetables, quality descriptors can concern production cycle (e.g. conventional or organic farming), organoleptic qualities (e.g. sweet taste, sugar content, acidity) and nutritional qualities (e.g. mineral content, vitamins). For other crops, however, the presence of secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins or certain terpenes in the targeted tissues is of interest as well, especially for their human health properties. All plants are constantly interacting with microorganisms. These microorganisms include arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as well as certain soil bacteria that provide ecosystem services related to plant growth, nutrition and quality parameters. This review is an update of current research on the single and combined (co-inoculation) use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in crop production, with a focus on their positive impacts on crop quality traits (e.g. nutritional value, organoleptic properties). We also highlight the need to dissect mechanisms regulating plant-symbionts and symbiont-symbiont interactions, to develop farming practices and to study a broad range of interactions to optimize the symbiotic potential of root-associated microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Noceto
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Bettenfeld
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire Résistance Induite Et Bioprotection Des Plantes EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Raphael Boussageon
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mathilde Hériché
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Antoine Sportes
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Diederik van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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Simkin AJ. Carotenoids and Apocarotenoids in Planta: Their Role in Plant Development, Contribution to the Flavour and Aroma of Fruits and Flowers, and Their Nutraceutical Benefits. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112321. [PMID: 34834683 PMCID: PMC8624010 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and apocarotenoids are diverse classes of compounds found in nature and are important natural pigments, nutraceuticals and flavour/aroma molecules. Improving the quality of crops is important for providing micronutrients to remote communities where dietary variation is often limited. Carotenoids have also been shown to have a significant impact on a number of human diseases, improving the survival rates of some cancers and slowing the progression of neurological illnesses. Furthermore, carotenoid-derived compounds can impact the flavour and aroma of crops and vegetables and are the origin of important developmental, as well as plant resistance compounds required for defence. In this review, we discuss the current research being undertaken to increase carotenoid content in plants and research the benefits to human health and the role of carotenoid derived volatiles on flavour and aroma of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; or
- Crop Science and Production Systems, NIAB-EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
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23
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Pasković I, Soldo B, Goreta Ban S, Radić T, Lukić M, Urlić B, Mimica M, Brkić Bubola K, Colla G, Rouphael Y, Major N, Šimpraga M, Ban D, Palčić I, Franić M, Grozić K, Lukić I. Fruit quality and volatile compound composition of processing tomato as affected by fertilisation practices and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi application. Food Chem 2021; 359:129961. [PMID: 33945985 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different fertilisation treatments with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on AMF root colonisation, fruit yield, nutrient and total phenol contents, volatile compound composition, and sensory attributes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were investigated. Mineral, organic, and mineral + organic fertiliser application positively affected tomato yield (35%-50%) and phosphorus concentration (24%-29%) compared with controls. AMF application had a significant impact on the total nitrogen (+9%), manganese (+12%), and hydrophilic phenol (+8%) contents in the fruit. Volatile compounds were affected by the interactive effects of fertilisation and AMF application. The response of tomato fruit sensory quality indicators was relatively modest, with only a few sensory characteristics affected to a lesser extent. Although tomato showed susceptibility to field-native AMF, particular combinations of fertilisation and AMF inoculation were more effective at improving the quality parameters of tomatoes under field conditions applied in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pasković
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Deparment of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Barbara Soldo
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Deparment of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tomislav Radić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marina Lukić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Deparment of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Branimir Urlić
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Matea Mimica
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, R. Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Karolina Brkić Bubola
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Deparment of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- University of Tuscia, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Sciences, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Nikola Major
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Deparment of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Maja Šimpraga
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dean Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Deparment of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Palčić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Deparment of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Franić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Deparment of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Grozić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Deparment of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Igor Lukić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Deparment of Agriculture and Nutrition, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Francesca S, Cirillo V, Raimondi G, Maggio A, Barone A, Rigano MM. A Novel Protein Hydrolysate-Based Biostimulant Improves Tomato Performances under Drought Stress. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:783. [PMID: 33923424 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses adversely affect crop production causing yield reductions in important crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Among the different abiotic stresses, drought is considered to be the most critical one, since limited water availability negatively impacts plant growth and development, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The aim of this study was to understand how biostimulants may interact with critical physiological response mechanisms in tomato under limited water availability and to define strategies to improve tomato performances under drought stress. We investigated the physiological responses of the tomato genotype ‘E42’ grown in open fields under optimal conditions (100% irrigation) and limited water availability (50% irrigation) treated or not with a novel protein hydrolysate-based biostimulant (CycoFlow, Agriges, BN, Italy). Plants treated with the protein hydrolysate showed a better water status and pollen viability, which also resulted in higher yield under drought stress compared to untreated plants. The treatment with the biostimulant had also an effect on antioxidant contents and activity in leaves and fruits depending on the level of irrigation provided. Altogether, these results indicate that the application of protein hydrolysates on tomato improved plant performances under limited water availability and in different experimental fields.
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Francesca S, Cirillo V, Raimondi G, Maggio A, Barone A, Rigano MM. A Novel Protein Hydrolysate-Based Biostimulant Improves Tomato Performances under Drought Stress. Plants (Basel) 2021. [PMID: 33923424 DOI: 10.3390/iecps2020-08883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses adversely affect crop production causing yield reductions in important crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Among the different abiotic stresses, drought is considered to be the most critical one, since limited water availability negatively impacts plant growth and development, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The aim of this study was to understand how biostimulants may interact with critical physiological response mechanisms in tomato under limited water availability and to define strategies to improve tomato performances under drought stress. We investigated the physiological responses of the tomato genotype 'E42' grown in open fields under optimal conditions (100% irrigation) and limited water availability (50% irrigation) treated or not with a novel protein hydrolysate-based biostimulant (CycoFlow, Agriges, BN, Italy). Plants treated with the protein hydrolysate showed a better water status and pollen viability, which also resulted in higher yield under drought stress compared to untreated plants. The treatment with the biostimulant had also an effect on antioxidant contents and activity in leaves and fruits depending on the level of irrigation provided. Altogether, these results indicate that the application of protein hydrolysates on tomato improved plant performances under limited water availability and in different experimental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Francesca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Raimondi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Balestrini R, Brunetti C, Cammareri M, Caretto S, Cavallaro V, Cominelli E, De Palma M, Docimo T, Giovinazzo G, Grandillo S, Locatelli F, Lumini E, Paolo D, Patanè C, Sparvoli F, Tucci M, Zampieri E. Strategies to Modulate Specialized Metabolism in Mediterranean Crops: From Molecular Aspects to Field. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062887. [PMID: 33809189 PMCID: PMC7999214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites (SMs) play an important role in the interaction with the environment and are part of the plant defense response. These natural products are volatile, semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds produced from common building blocks deriving from primary metabolic pathways and rapidly evolved to allow a better adaptation of plants to environmental cues. Specialized metabolites include terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, tannins, resins, etc. that can be used as phytochemicals, food additives, flavoring agents and pharmaceutical compounds. This review will be focused on Mediterranean crop plants as a source of SMs, with a special attention on the strategies that can be used to modulate their production, including abiotic stresses, interaction with beneficial soil microorganisms and novel genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-01165-02927
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Maria Cammareri
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Sofia Caretto
- CNR-Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Valeria Cavallaro
- CNR-Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Monica De Palma
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- CNR-Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Franca Locatelli
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Erica Lumini
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Dario Paolo
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Cristina Patanè
- CNR-Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Elisa Zampieri
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
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Cirillo V, D’Amelia V, Esposito M, Amitrano C, Carillo P, Carputo D, Maggio A. Anthocyanins are Key Regulators of Drought Stress Tolerance in Tobacco. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:139. [PMID: 33578910 PMCID: PMC7916658 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses will be one of the major challenges for worldwide food supply in the near future. Therefore, it is important to understand the physiological mechanisms that mediate plant responses to abiotic stresses. When subjected to UV, salinity or drought stress, plants accumulate specialized metabolites that are often correlated with their ability to cope with the stress. Among them, anthocyanins are the most studied intermediates of the phenylpropanoid pathway. However, their role in plant response to abiotic stresses is still under discussion. To better understand the effects of anthocyanins on plant physiology and morphogenesis, and their implications on drought stress tolerance, we used transgenic tobacco plants (AN1), which over-accumulated anthocyanins in all tissues. AN1 plants showed an altered phenotype in terms of leaf gas exchanges, leaf morphology, anatomy and metabolic profile, which conferred them with a higher drought tolerance compared to the wild-type plants. These results provide important insights for understanding the functional reason for anthocyanin accumulation in plants under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (M.E.); (C.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Vincenzo D’Amelia
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Marco Esposito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (M.E.); (C.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Chiara Amitrano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (M.E.); (C.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (M.E.); (C.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (V.C.); (M.E.); (C.A.); (D.C.)
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Vats S, Bansal R, Rana N, Kumawat S, Bhatt V, Jadhav P, Kale V, Sathe A, Sonah H, Jugdaohsingh R, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Unexplored nutritive potential of tomato to combat global malnutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1003-1034. [PMID: 33086895 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1832954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tomato, a widely consumed vegetable crop, offers a real potential to combat human nutritional deficiencies. Tomatoes are rich in micronutrients and other bioactive compounds (including vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals) that are known to be essential or beneficial for human health. This review highlights the current state of the art in the molecular understanding of the nutritional aspects, conventional and molecular breeding efforts, and biofortification studies undertaken to improve the nutritional content and quality of tomato. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies, which offer a deeper understanding of the molecular regulation of the tomato's nutrients, are discussed. The potential uses of the wastes from the tomato processing industry (i.e., the peels and seed extracts) that are particularly rich in oils and proteins are also discussed. Recent advancements with CRISPR/Cas mediated gene-editing technology provide enormous opportunities to enhance the nutritional content of agricultural produces, including tomatoes. In this regard, genome editing efforts with respect to biofortification in the tomato plant are also discussed. The recent technological advancements and knowledge gaps described herein aim to help explore the unexplored nutritional potential of the tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vacha Bhatt
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MS, India
| | - Pravin Jadhav
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Vijay Kale
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Atul Sathe
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
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29
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Schubert R, Werner S, Cirka H, Rödel P, Tandron Moya Y, Mock HP, Hutter I, Kunze G, Hause B. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhization on Fruit Quality in Industrialized Tomato Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7029. [PMID: 32987747 PMCID: PMC7582891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrialized tomato production faces a decrease in flavors and nutritional value due to conventional breeding. Moreover, tomato production heavily relies on nitrogen and phosphate fertilization. Phosphate uptake and improvement of fruit quality by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well-studied. We addressed the question of whether commercially used tomato cultivars grown in a hydroponic system can be mycorrhizal, leading to improved fruit quality. Tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis were grown under different phosphate concentrations and in substrates used in industrial tomato production. Changes in fruit gene expression and metabolite levels were checked by RNAseq and metabolite determination, respectively. The tests revealed that reduction of phosphate to 80% and use of mixed substrate allow AM establishment without affecting yield. By comparing green fruits from non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to possibly be involved in processes regulating fruit maturation and nutrition. Red fruits from mycorrhizal plants showed a trend of higher BRIX values and increased levels of carotenoids in comparison to those from non-mycorrhizal plants. Free amino acids exhibited up to four times higher levels in red fruits due to AM, showing the potential of mycorrhization to increase the nutritional value of tomatoes in industrialized production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, 06120 Halle, Germany; (R.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Stephanie Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, 06120 Halle, Germany; (R.S.); (S.W.)
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Hillary Cirka
- INOQ GmbH, 29465 Schnega, Germany; (H.C.); (P.R.); (I.H.)
| | - Philipp Rödel
- INOQ GmbH, 29465 Schnega, Germany; (H.C.); (P.R.); (I.H.)
| | - Yudelsy Tandron Moya
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (Y.T.M.); (H.-P.M.); (G.K.)
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (Y.T.M.); (H.-P.M.); (G.K.)
| | - Imke Hutter
- INOQ GmbH, 29465 Schnega, Germany; (H.C.); (P.R.); (I.H.)
| | - Gotthard Kunze
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (Y.T.M.); (H.-P.M.); (G.K.)
| | - Bettina Hause
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, 06120 Halle, Germany; (R.S.); (S.W.)
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Zhang XQ, Bai L, Sun HB, Yang C, Cai BY. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Effect of Funneliformis mosseae in Soybean Roots Differential Expression Genes and Proteins. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3631-3643. [PMID: 32804513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycine max is easily infected with root rot in continuous cropping systems, which can severely affect crop yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can reduce the incidence of root rot and increase plant height and biomass indices. However, the molecular changes that occur during soybean symbiosis with AMF remain largely unknown. To better understand the molecular mechanism underlying soybean symbiosis with AMF, we performed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to explore the changes in protein expression during a high-incidence period (79 days) in asymbiotic and symbiotic plants and to identify the key proteins that regulate the mechanism of soybean symbiosis with AMF. A total of 10 104 genes were identified in the CK-vs-F comparison, and 11 562 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the AF group compared with the F group. A total of 9488 proteins were identified, with 256 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the CK-vs-F comparison and 651 DEPs in the F-vs-AF comparison. Key pathways and DEPs were found to be involved in processes associated with "phenylalanine metabolism", "plant hormone signal transduction", "plant-pathogen interaction", and "metabolic pathways". The expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK), and other defense-related proteins was upregulated by Funneliformis mosseae, indicating that inoculation promotes the development of soybean and increases disease resistance. Our results suggest that symbiosis promotes the growth and development of soybean and increases disease resistance. This study provides new insight into the molecular basis of the mechanism by which AMF affect plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qi Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Bai
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Bing Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-Yan Cai
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, East University of Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
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31
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Ding H, Mo S, Qian Y, Yuan G, Wu X, Ge C. Integrated proteome and transcriptome analyses revealed key factors involved in tomato (
Solanum lycopersicum
) under high temperature stress. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Ding
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Shuangrong Mo
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Ying Qian
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Guibo Yuan
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Cailin Ge
- Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
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32
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Xie Y, Ying J, Xu L, Wang Y, Dong J, Chen Y, Tang M, Li C, M'mbone Muleke E, Liu L. Genome-wide sRNA and mRNA transcriptomic profiling insights into dynamic regulation of taproot thickening in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:373. [PMID: 32770962 PMCID: PMC7414755 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taproot is the main edible organ and ultimately determines radish yield and quality. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying taproot thickening awaits further investigation in radish. Here, RNA-seq was performed to identify critical genes involved in radish taproot thickening from three advanced inbred lines with different root size. RESULTS A total of 2606 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were shared between 'NAU-DY' (large acicular) and 'NAU-YB' (medium obovate), which were significantly enriched in 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis', 'glucosinolate biosynthesis', and 'starch and sucrose metabolism' pathway. Meanwhile, a total of 16 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were shared between 'NAU-DY' and 'NAU-YH' (small circular), whereas 12 miRNAs exhibited specific differential expression in 'NAU-DY'. Association analysis indicated that miR393a-bHLH77, miR167c-ARF8, and miR5658-APL might be key factors to biological phenomenon of taproot type variation, and a putative regulatory model of taproot thickening and development was proposed. Furthermore, several critical genes including SUS1, EXPB3, and CDC5 were characterized and profiled by RT-qPCR analysis. CONCLUSION This integrated study on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional profiles could provide new insights into comprehensive understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying taproot thickening in root vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jiali Ying
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mingjia Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Everlyne M'mbone Muleke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement (East China) of MOA, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Yao M, Chen W, Kong J, Zhang X, Shi N, Zhong S, Ma P, Gallusci P, Jackson S, Liu Y, Hong Y. METHYLTRANSFERASE1 and Ripening Modulate Vivipary during Tomato Fruit Development. Plant Physiol 2020; 183:1883-1897. [PMID: 32503901 PMCID: PMC7401104 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vivipary, wherein seeds germinate prior to dispersal while still associated with the maternal plant, is an adaptation to extreme environments. It is normally inhibited by the establishment of dormancy. The genetic framework of vivipary has been well studied; however, the role of epigenetics in vivipary remains unknown. Here, we report that silencing of METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (SlMET1) promoted precocious seed germination and seedling growth within the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) epimutant Colorless non-ripening (Cnr) fruits. This was associated with decreases in abscisic acid concentration and levels of mRNA encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid-dioxygenase (SlNCED), which is involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis. Differentially methylated regions were identified in promoters of differentially expressed genes, including SlNCED SlNCED knockdown also induced viviparous seedling growth in Cnr fruits. Strikingly, Cnr ripening reversion suppressed vivipary. Moreover, neither SlMET1/SlNCED-virus-induced gene silencing nor transgenic SlMET1-RNA interference produced vivipary in wild-type tomatoes; the latter affected leaf architecture, arrested flowering, and repressed seed development. Thus, a dual pathway in ripening and SlMET1-mediated epigenetics coordinates the blockage of seed vivipary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Yao
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Junhua Kong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Nongnong Shi
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Silin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Philippe Gallusci
- UMR EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stephen Jackson
- Warwick-Hangzhou RNA Signaling Joint Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Yule Liu
- Centre for Plant Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Warwick-Hangzhou RNA Signaling Joint Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Worcester-Hangzhou Joint Molecular Plant Health Laboratory, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, United Kingdom
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Emmanuel OC, Babalola OO. Productivity and quality of horticultural crops through co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting bacteria. Microbiol Res 2020; 239:126569. [PMID: 32771873 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Associations between plants and microorganisms exist in nature, and they can either be beneficial or detrimental to host plants. Promoting beneficial plant-microbe interaction for increased crop yield and quality is one pathway to eco-friendly and sustainable crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are microorganisms that are beneficial to horticultural crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi establish symbioses with plant roots which help to improve nutrient uptake by the host plant and alter its physiology to withstand external abiotic factors and pathogens. Plant growth promoting bacteria promote plant growth either directly by aiding resource acquisition and controlling the levels of plant hormones or indirectly by reducing the inhibitory effects of phytopathogens. Co-inoculation of both organisms combines the benefits of each for increased crop productivity. Even though the co-inoculation of PGPB and AMF have been shown to enhance the yield and quality of crops, its benefits have fully not been exploited for horticultural crops. In this review, the response of horticultural crops to co-inoculation with PGPB and AMF with particular interest to the impact on the yield and crop quality was discussed. We explained some of the mechanisms responsible for the synergy between AMF and PGPB in plant growth promotion. Finally, suggestions on areas that need to be researched further to exploit and improve the effects of these organisms were highlighted.
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Chialva M, Lanfranco L, Guazzotti G, Santoro V, Novero M, Bonfante P. Gigaspora margarita and Its Endobacterium Modulate Symbiotic Marker Genes in Tomato Roots under Combined Water and Nutrient Stress. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E886. [PMID: 32674305 PMCID: PMC7412303 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As members of the plant microbiota, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may be effective in enhancing plant resilience to drought, one of the major limiting factors threatening crop productivity. AMF host their own microbiota and previous data demonstrated that endobacteria thriving in Gigaspora margarita modulate fungal antioxidant responses. Here, we used the G. margarita-Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum system to test whether the tripartite interaction between tomato, G. margarita and its endobacteria may improve plant resilience to combined water/nutrient stress. Tomato plants were inoculated with spores containing endobacteria (B+) or not (B-), and exposed to combined water/nutrient stress. Plants traits, AM colonization and expression of AM marker genes were measured. Results showed that mycorrhizal frequency was low and no growth effect was observed. Under control conditions, B+ inoculated plants were more responsive to the symbiosis, as they showed an up-regulation of three AM marker genes involved in phosphate and lipids metabolism compared with B- inoculated or not-inoculated plants. When combined stress was imposed, the difference between fungal strains was still evident for one marker gene. These results indicate that the fungal endobacteria finely modulate plant metabolism, even in the absence of growth response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Chialva
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Gianluca Guazzotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Veronica Santoro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.); (M.N.); (P.B.)
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Miozzi L, Vaira AM, Brilli F, Casarin V, Berti M, Ferrandino A, Nerva L, Accotto GP, Lanfranco L. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Primes Tolerance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Tomato. Viruses 2020; 12:E675. [PMID: 32580438 PMCID: PMC7354615 DOI: 10.3390/v12060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants can establish symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) able to promote plant nutrition and prime systemic plant defenses against pathogens attack; the mechanism involved is known as mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR). However, studies on the effect of AMF on viral infection, still limited and not conclusive, indicate that AMF colonization may have a detrimental effect on plant defenses against viruses, so that the term "mycorrhiza-induced susceptibility" (MIS) has been proposed for these cases. To expand the case studies to a not yet tested viral family, that is, Bromoviridae, we investigated the effect of the colonization by the AMF Funneliformis mosseae on cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection in tomato by phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional analyses. Our results showed that the establishment of a functional AM symbiosis is able to limit symptoms development. Physiological and transcriptomic data highlighted that AMF mitigates the drastic downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes and the reduction of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate caused by CMV infection. In parallel, an increase of salicylic acid level and a modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes, toward a limitation of ROS accumulation, was specifically observed in CMV-infected mycorrhizal plants. Overall, our data indicate that the AM symbiosis influences the development of CMV infection in tomato plants and exerts a priming effect able to enhance tolerance to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miozzi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Unit of Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
| | - Valerio Casarin
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Mara Berti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy;
| | - Luca Nerva
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Accotto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Francesca S, Arena C, Hay Mele B, Schettini C, Ambrosino P, Barone A, Rigano MM. The Use of a Plant-Based Biostimulant Improves Plant Performances and Fruit Quality in Tomato Plants Grown at Elevated Temperatures. Agronomy 2020; 10:363. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses can cause a substantial decline in fruit quality due to negative impacts on plant growth, physiology and reproduction. The objective of this study was to verify if the use of a biostimulant based on plant and yeast extracts, rich in amino acids and that contains microelements (boron, zinc and manganese) can ensure good crop yield and quality in tomato plants grown at elevated temperatures (up to 42 °C). We investigated physiological responses of four different tomato landraces that were cultivated under plastic tunnel and treated with the biostimulant CycoFlow. The application of the biostimulant stimulated growth (plants up to 48.5% taller) and number of fruits (up to 105.3%). In plants treated with the biostimulant, antioxidants contents were higher compared to non-treated plants, both in leaves and in fruits. In particular, the content of ascorbic acid increased after treatments with CycoFlow. For almost all the traits studied, the effect of the biostimulant depended on the genotype it was applied on. Altogether, the use of the biostimulant on tomato plants led to better plant performances at elevated temperatures, that could be attributed also to a stronger antioxidant defence system, and to a better fruit nutritional quality.
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Torres N, Hilbert G, Antolín MC, Goicoechea N. Aminoacids and Flavonoids Profiling in Tempranillo Berries Can Be Modulated by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E400. [PMID: 31597352 PMCID: PMC6843615 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo is cultivated over the world for its wine of high quality. The association of Tempranillo with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induced the accumulation of phenolics and carotenoids in leaves, affected the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) during berry ripening, and modulated some characteristics and quality aspects of grapes. The objective of this study was to elucidate if AMF influenced the profiles and the content of primary and secondary metabolites determinants for berry quality in Tempranillo. (2) Methods: Fruit-bearing cuttings inoculated with AMF or uninoculated were cultivated under controlled conditions. (3) Results: Mycorrhizal symbiosis modified the profile of metabolites in Tempranillo berries, especially those of the primary compounds. The levels of glucose and amino acids clearly increased in berries of mycorrhized Tempranillo grapevines, including those of the aromatic precursor amino acids. However, mycorrhizal inoculation barely influenced the total amount and the profiles of anthocyanins and flavonols in berries. (4) Conclusions: Mycorrhizal inoculation of Tempranillo grapevines may be an alternative to the exogenous application of nitrogen compounds in order to enhance the contents of amino acids in grapes, which may affect the aromatic characteristics of wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareth Torres
- Department of Environmental Biology, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Schools of Sciences and Pharmacy and Nutrition,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 75338 Paris, France.
| | - María Carmen Antolín
- Department of Environmental Biology, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Schools of Sciences and Pharmacy and Nutrition,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Department of Environmental Biology, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Schools of Sciences and Pharmacy and Nutrition,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Balestrini R, Rosso LC, Veronico P, Melillo MT, De Luca F, Fanelli E, Colagiero M, di Fossalunga AS, Ciancio A, Pentimone I. Transcriptomic Responses to Water Deficit and Nematode Infection in Mycorrhizal Tomato Roots. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1807. [PMID: 31456765 PMCID: PMC6700261 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate changes include the intensification of drought in many parts of the world, increasing its frequency, severity and duration. However, under natural conditions, environmental stresses do not occur alone, and, in addition, more stressed plants may become more susceptible to attacks by pests and pathogens. Studies on the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis on tomato response to water deficit showed that several drought-responsive genes are differentially regulated in AM-colonized tomato plants (roots and leaves) during water deficit. To date, global changes in mycorrhizal tomato root transcripts under water stress conditions have not been yet investigated. Here, changes in root transcriptome in the presence of an AM fungus, with or without water stress (WS) application, have been evaluated in a commercial tomato cultivar already investigated for the water stress response during AM symbiosis. Since root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne incognita) are obligate endoparasites and cause severe yield losses in tomato, the impact of the AM fungal colonization on RKN infection at 7 days post-inoculation was also evaluated. Results offer new information about the response to AM symbiosis, highlighting a functional redundancy for several tomato gene families, as well as on the tomato and fungal genes involved in WS response during symbiosis, underlying the role of the AM fungus. Changes in the expression of tomato genes related to nematode infection during AM symbiosis highlight a role of AM colonization in triggering defense responses against RKN in tomato. Overall, new datasets on the tomato response to an abiotic and biotic stress during AM symbiosis have been obtained, providing useful data for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Balestrini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura C Rosso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Pasqua Veronico
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Melillo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca De Luca
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Fanelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Colagiero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Aurelio Ciancio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
| | - Isabella Pentimone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Turin, Italy
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Fernández I, Cosme M, Stringlis IA, Yu K, de Jonge R, van Wees SM, Pozo MJ, Pieterse CMJ, van der Heijden MGA. Molecular dialogue between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana switches from initial detection to antagonism. New Phytol 2019; 223:867-881. [PMID: 30883790 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 29% of all vascular plant species are unable to establish an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. Despite this, AM fungi (Rhizophagus spp.) are enriched in the root microbiome of the nonhost Arabidopsis thaliana, and Arabidopsis roots become colonized when AM networks nurtured by host plants are available. Here, we investigated the nonhost-AM fungus interaction by analyzing transcriptional changes in Rhizophagus, Arabidopsis and the host plant Medicago truncatula while growing in the same mycorrhizal network. In early interaction stages, Rhizophagus activated the Arabidopsis strigolactone biosynthesis genes CCD7 and CCD8, suggesting that detection of AM fungi is not completely impaired. However, in colonized Arabidopsis roots, fungal nutrient transporter genes GintPT, GintAMT2, GintMST2 and GintMST4, essential for AM symbiosis, were not activated. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis pointed to activation of costly defenses in colonized Arabidopsis roots. Moreover, Rhizophagus colonization caused a 50% reduction in shoot biomass, but also led to enhanced systemic immunity against Botrytis cinerea. This suggests that early signaling between AM fungi and Arabidopsis is not completely impaired and that incompatibility appears at later interaction stages. Moreover, Rhizophagus-mediated defenses coincide with reduced Arabidopsis growth, but also with systemic disease resistance, highlighting the multifunctional role of AM fungi in host and nonhost interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Fernández
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Cosme
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ioannis A Stringlis
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ke Yu
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - SaskiaC M van Wees
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Plant-Soil-Interactions, Agroscope, Zürich, 8046, Switzerland
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Miozzi L, Vaira AM, Catoni M, Fiorilli V, Accotto GP, Lanfranco L. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Plant Friend or Foe in the Fight Against Viruses? Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1238. [PMID: 31231333 PMCID: PMC6558290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots establish interactions with several beneficial soil microorganisms including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In addition to promoting plant nutrition and growth, AMF colonization can prime systemic plant defense and enhance tolerance to a wide range of environmental stresses and below-ground pathogens. A protective effect of the AMF against above-ground pathogens has also been described in different plant species, but it seems to largely rely on the type of attacker. Viruses are obligate biotrophic pathogens able to infect a large number of plant species, causing massive losses in crop yield worldwide. Despite their economic importance, information on the effect of the AM symbiosis on viral infection is limited and not conclusive. However, several experimental evidences, obtained under controlled conditions, show that AMF colonization may enhance viral infection, affecting susceptibility, symptomatology and viral replication, possibly related to the improved nutritional status and to the delayed induction of pathogenesis-related proteins in the mycorrhizal plants. In this review, we give an overview of the impact of the AMF colonization on plant infection by pathogenic viruses and summarize the current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. For the cases where AMF colonization increases the susceptibility of plants to viruses, the term "mycorrhiza-induced susceptibility" (MIS) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miozzi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Catoni
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Accotto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Yuan J, Zhang W, Sun K, Tang MJ, Chen PX, Li X, Dai CC. Comparative Transcriptomics and Proteomics of Atractylodes lancea in Response to Endophytic Fungus Gilmaniella sp. AL12 Reveals Regulation in Plant Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1208. [PMID: 31191508 PMCID: PMC6546907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal endophyte Gilmaniella sp. AL12 can establish a beneficial association with the medicinal herb Atractylodes lancea, and improve plant growth and sesquiterpenoids accumulation, which is termed “double promotion.” Our previous studies have uncovered the underling primary mechanism based on some physiological evidences. However, a global understanding of gene or protein expression regulation in primary and secondary metabolism and related regulatory processes is still lacking. In this study, we employed transcriptomics and proteomics of Gilmaniella sp. AL12-inoculated and Gilmaniella sp. AL12-free plants to study the impact of endophyte inoculation at the transcriptional and translational levels. The results showed that plant genes involved in plant immunity and signaling were suppressed, similar to the plant response caused by some endophytic fungi and biotroph pathogen. The downregulated plant immunity may contribute to plant-endophyte beneficial interaction. Additionally, genes and proteins related to primary metabolism (carbon fixation, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism) tended to be upregulated after Gilmaniella sp. AL12 inoculation, which was consistent with our previous physiological evidences. And, Gilmaniella sp. AL12 upregulated genes involved in terpene skeleton biosynthesis, and upregulated genes annotated as β-farnesene synthase and β-caryophyllene synthase. Based on the above results, we proposed that endophyte-plant associations may improve production (biomass and sesquiterpenoids accumulation) by increasing the source (photosynthesis), expanding the sink (glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle), and enhancing the metabolic flux (sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis pathway) in A. lancea. And, this study will help to further clarify plant-endophyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Piao-Xue Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center Rice Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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D'Amelia V, Raiola A, Carputo D, Filippone E, Barone A, Rigano MM. A basic Helix-Loop-Helix (SlARANCIO), identified from a Solanum pennellii introgression line, affects carotenoid accumulation in tomato fruits. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3699. [PMID: 30842571 PMCID: PMC6403429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits is influenced by environmental stimuli and hormonal signals. However, information on the relative regulatory mechanisms are scanty since many molecular players of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway are still unknown. Here, we reported a basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor, named SlARANCIO (SlAR), whose silencing influences carotenoid accumulation in tomato fruits. The SlAR gene was found in the S. pennellii introgression line (IL) 12-4SL that holds the carotenoid QTL lyc12.1. We observed that the presence of the wild region in a cultivated genetic background led to a decrease in total carotenoid content of IL12-4SL fruits. To get insights into the function of SlAR, a quick reverse genetic approach was carried out. Virus-induced gene silencing of SlAR in S. lycopersicum M82 and MicroTom fruits reproduced the same phenotype observed in IL12-4SL, i.e. decreased content of lycopene and total carotenoids. Vice versa, the overexpression of SlAR in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves increased the content of total carotenoids and chlorophylls. Our results, combined with public transcriptomic data, highly suggest that SlAR acts indirectly on the carotenoid pathway and advances current knowledge on the molecular regulators controlling lyc12.1 and, potentially, precursors of carotenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo D'Amelia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Assunta Raiola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Edgardo Filippone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Maria Manuela Rigano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy.
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Silvestri A, Fiorilli V, Miozzi L, Accotto GP, Turina M, Lanfranco L. In silico analysis of fungal small RNA accumulation reveals putative plant mRNA targets in the symbiosis between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and its host plant. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:169. [PMID: 30832582 PMCID: PMC6399891 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small RNAs (sRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules (20-30 nt) that regulate gene expression at transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels in many eukaryotic organisms, through a mechanism known as RNA interference (RNAi). Recent studies have highlighted that they are also involved in cross-kingdom communication: sRNAs can move across the contact surfaces from "donor" to "receiver" organisms and, once in the host cells of the receiver, they can target specific mRNAs, leading to a modulation of host metabolic pathways and defense responses. Very little is known about RNAi mechanism and sRNAs occurrence in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), an important component of the plant root microbiota that provide several benefits to host plants, such as improved mineral uptake and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. RESULTS Taking advantage of the available genomic resources for the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis we described its putative RNAi machinery, which is characterized by a single Dicer-like (DCL) gene and an unusual expansion of Argonaute-like (AGO-like) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene families. In silico investigations of previously published transcriptomic data and experimental assays carried out in this work provided evidence of gene expression for most of the identified sequences. Focusing on the symbiosis between R. irregularis and the model plant Medicago truncatula, we characterized the fungal sRNA population, highlighting the occurrence of an active sRNA-generating pathway and the presence of microRNA-like sequences. In silico analyses, supported by host plant degradome data, revealed that several fungal sRNAs have the potential to target M. truncatula transcripts, including some specific mRNA already shown to be modulated in roots upon AMF colonization. CONCLUSIONS The identification of RNAi-related genes, together with the characterization of the sRNAs population, suggest that R. irregularis is equipped with a functional sRNA-generating pathway. Moreover, the in silico analysis predicted 237 plant transcripts as putative targets of specific fungal sRNAs suggesting that cross-kingdom post-transcriptional gene silencing may occur during AMF colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Silvestri
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Miozzi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection – CNR Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10131 Torino, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Accotto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection – CNR Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10131 Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection – CNR Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10131 Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Calafiore R, Aliberti A, Ruggieri V, Olivieri F, Rigano MM, Barone A. Phenotypic and Molecular Selection of a Superior Solanum pennellii Introgression Sub-Line Suitable for Improving Quality Traits of Cultivated Tomatoes. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:190. [PMID: 30853967 PMCID: PMC6395448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Solanum pennellii Introgression Line (IL) population can be exploited to identify favorable alleles that can improve yield and fruit quality traits in commercial tomato varieties. Over the past few years, we have selected ILs that exhibit increased content of antioxidant compounds in the fruit compared to the cultivar M82, which represents the genetic background in which the different wild regions of the S. pennellii ILs were included. Recently, we have identified seven sub-lines of the IL7-3 accumulating different amounts of antioxidants in the ripe fruit. Since the wild region carried on chromosome 7 induces a low fruit production in IL7-3, the first aim of the present work was to evaluate yield performances of the selected sub-lines in three experimental fields located in the South of Italy. Another aim was to confirm in the same lines the high levels of antioxidants and evaluate other fruit quality traits. On red ripe fruit, the levels of soluble solids content, firmness, and ascorbic acid (AsA) were highly variable among the sub-lines grown in three environmental conditions, evidencing a significant genotype by environment interaction for soluble solids and AsA content. Only one sub-line (coded R182) exhibited a significantly higher firmness, even though no differences were observed for this trait between the parental lines M82 and IL7-3. The same sub-line showed significantly higher AsA content compared to M82, thus resembling IL7-3. Even though IL7-3 always exhibited a significantly lower yield, all the sub-lines showed yield variability over the three trials. Interestingly, the sub-line R182, selected for its better performances in terms of fruit quality, in all the trials showed a production comparable to that of the control line M82. A group of species-specific molecular markers was tested on R182 and on the parental genotypes in order to better define the wild genomic regions carried by the elite line R182. In these regions three candidate genes that could increase the level of AsA in the fruit were identified. In the future, the line R182 could be used as pre-breeding material in order to obtain new varieties improved for nutritional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amalia Barone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Chialva M, Fangel JU, Novero M, Zouari I, di Fossalunga AS, Willats WGT, Bonfante P, Balestrini R. Understanding Changes in Tomato Cell Walls in Roots and Fruits: The Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E415. [PMID: 30669397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifications in cell wall composition, which can be accompanied by changes in its structure, were already reported during plant interactions with other organisms, such as the mycorrhizal fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are among the most widespread soil organisms that colonize the roots of land plants, where they facilitate mineral nutrient uptake from the soil in exchange for plant-assimilated carbon. In AM symbiosis, the host plasma membrane invaginates and proliferates around all the developing intracellular fungal structures, and cell wall material is laid down between this membrane and the fungal cell surface. In addition, to improve host nutrition and tolerance/resistance to environmental stresses, AM symbiosis was shown to modulate fruit features. In this study, Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMMP) technique was used to verify the impact of the AM symbiosis on the tomato cell wall composition both at local (root) and systemic level (fruit). Multivariate data analyses were performed on the obtained datasets looking for the effects of fertilization, inoculation with AM fungi, and the fruit ripening stage. Results allowed for the discernment of cell wall component modifications that were correlated with mycorrhizal colonization, showing a different tomato response to AM colonization and high fertilization, both at the root and the systemic level.
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Fiorilli V, Wang JY, Bonfante P, Lanfranco L, Al-Babili S. Apocarotenoids: Old and New Mediators of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1186. [PMID: 31611899 PMCID: PMC6776609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilize hormones and other small molecules to trigger and coordinate their growth and developmental processes, adapt and respond to environmental cues, and communicate with surrounding organisms. Some of these molecules originate from carotenoids that act as universal precursors of bioactive metabolites arising through oxidation of the carotenoid backbone. This metabolic conversion produces a large set of compounds known as apocarotenoids, which includes the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs) and different signaling molecules. An increasing body of evidence suggests a crucial role of previously identified and recently discovered carotenoid-derived metabolites in the communication with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the establishment of the corresponding symbiosis, which is one of the most relevant plant-fungus mutualistic interactions in nature. In this review, we provide an update on the function of apocarotenoid hormones and regulatory metabolites in AM symbiosis, highlighting their effect on both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jian You Wang
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Luisa Lanfranco, ; Salim Al-Babili,
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Luisa Lanfranco, ; Salim Al-Babili,
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Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which is used for both processing and fresh markets, is a major crop species that is the top ranked vegetable produced over the world. Tomato is also a model species for research in genetics, fruit development and disease resistance. Genetic resources available in public repositories comprise the 12 wild related species and thousands of landraces, modern cultivars and mutants. In addition, high quality genome sequences are available for cultivated tomato and for several wild relatives, hundreds of accessions have been sequenced, and databases gathering sequence data together with genetic and phenotypic data are accessible to the tomato community. Major breeding goals are productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and fruit sensorial and nutritional quality. New traits, including resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses and root architecture, are increasingly being studied. Several major mutations and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying traits of interest in tomato have been uncovered to date and, thanks to new populations and advances in sequencing technologies, the pace of trait discovery has considerably accelerated. In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing (GE) already proved its remarkable efficiency in tomato for engineering favorable alleles and for creating new genetic diversity by gene disruption, gene replacement, and precise base editing. Here, we provide insight into the major tomato traits and underlying causal genetic variations discovered so far and review the existing genetic resources and most recent strategies for trait discovery in tomato. Furthermore, we explore the opportunities offered by CRISPR/Cas9 and their exploitation for trait editing in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Rothan
- INRA and University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Isidore Diouf
- INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, CS60094, F-84143, Montfavet, France
| | - Mathilde Causse
- INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, CS60094, F-84143, Montfavet, France
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Clark S, Yu F, Gu L, Min XJ. Expanding Alternative Splicing Identification by Integrating Multiple Sources of Transcription Data in Tomato. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:689. [PMID: 31191588 PMCID: PMC6546887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important vegetable and fruit crop. Its genome was completely sequenced and there are also a large amount of available expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and short reads generated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies. Mapping transcripts including mRNA sequences, ESTs, and RNA-seq reads to the genome allows identifying pre-mRNA alternative splicing (AS), a post-transcriptional process generating two or more RNA isoforms from one pre-mRNA transcript. We comprehensively analyzed the AS landscape in tomato by integrating genome mapping information of all available mRNA and ESTs with mapping information of RNA-seq reads which were collected from 27 published projects. A total of 369,911 AS events were identified from 34,419 genomic loci involving 161,913 transcripts. Within the basic AS events, intron retention is the prevalent type (18.9%), followed by alternative acceptor site (12.9%) and alternative donor site (7.3%), with exon skipping as the least type (6.0%). Complex AS types having two or more basic event accounted for 54.9% of total AS events. Within 35,768 annotated protein-coding gene models, 23,233 gene models were found having pre-mRNAs generating AS isoform transcripts. Thus the estimated AS rate was 65.0% in tomato. The list of identified AS genes with their corresponding transcript isoforms serves as a catalog for further detailed examination of gene functions in tomato biology. The post-transcriptional information is also expected to be useful in improving the predicted gene models in tomato. The sequence and annotation information can be accessed at plant alternative splicing database (http://proteomics.ysu.edu/altsplice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, United States
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, United States
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiang Jia Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiang Jia Min,
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Chialva M, Salvioli di Fossalunga A, Daghino S, Ghignone S, Bagnaresi P, Chiapello M, Novero M, Spadaro D, Perotto S, Bonfante P. Native soils with their microbiotas elicit a state of alert in tomato plants. New Phytol 2018; 220:1296-1308. [PMID: 29424928 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated soil microbial biodiversity, but understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to soil microbiota remains in its infancy. Here, we focused on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), testing the hypothesis that plants grown on native soils display different responses to soil microbiotas. Using transcriptomics, proteomics, and biochemistry, we describe the responses of two tomato genotypes (susceptible or resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) grown on an artificial growth substrate and two native soils (conducive and suppressive to Fusarium). Native soils affected tomato responses by modulating pathways involved in responses to oxidative stress, phenol biosynthesis, lignin deposition, and innate immunity, particularly in the suppressive soil. In tomato plants grown on steam-disinfected soils, total phenols and lignin decreased significantly. The inoculation of a mycorrhizal fungus partly rescued this response locally and systemically. Plants inoculated with the fungal pathogen showed reduced disease symptoms in the resistant genotype in both soils, but the susceptible genotype was partially protected from the pathogen only when grown on the suppressive soil. The 'state of alert' detected in tomatoes reveals novel mechanisms operating in plants in native soils and the soil microbiota appears to be one of the drivers of these plant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Chialva
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Daghino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Ghignone
- Department for Sustainable Plant Protection, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Bagnaresi
- Genomics Research Centre CRA-GPG, via S. Protaso, 302, I-29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Spadaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DiSAFA) and AGROINNOVA - Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agroenvironmental Sector, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, I-10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
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