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Chen D, Wu H, Wang X, Huang T, Jia J. Shared Genetic Basis and Causal Relationship Between Television Watching, Breakfast Skipping and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From a Comprehensive Genetic Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:836023. [PMID: 35399945 PMCID: PMC8988136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.836023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological investigations have established unhealthy lifestyles, such as excessive leisurely sedentary behavior (especially TV/television watching) and breakfast skipping, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the causal relationship is unclear. We aimed to understand how single nucleotide variants contribute to the co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyles and T2D, thereby providing meaningful insights into disease mechanisms. Methods Combining summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on TV watching (N = 422218), breakfast skipping (N = 193860) and T2D (N = 159208) in European pedigrees, we conducted comprehensive pairwise genetic analysis, including high-definition likelihood (HDL-method), cross-phenotype association studies (CPASSOC), GWAS-eQTL colocalization analysis and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS), to understand the genetic overlap between them. We also performed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis for causal inference using genetic instrumental variables, and two-step MR mediation analysis was used to assess any effects explained by body mass index, lipid traits and glycemic traits. Results HDL-method showed that T2D shared a strong genetic correlation with TV watching (rg = 0.26; P = 1.63×10-29) and skipping breakfast (rg = 0.15; P =2.02×10-6). CPASSOC identifies eight independent SNPs shared between T2D and TV watching, including one novel shared locus. TWAS and CPASSOC showed that shared genes were enriched in lung, esophageal, adipose, and thyroid tissues and highlighted potential shared regulatory pathways for lipoprotein metabolism, pancreatic β-cell function, cellular senescence and multi-mediator factors. MR showed TV watching had a causal effect on T2D (βIVW = 0.629, PIVW = 1.80×10-10), but no significant results were observed between breakfast skipping and T2D. Mediation analysis provided evidence that body mass index, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c and high-density lipoprotein are potential factors that mediate the causal relationship between TV and T2D. Conclusions Our findings provide strong evidence of shared genetics and causation between TV watching and T2D and facilitate our identification of common genetic architectures shared between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Iranzo-Tatay C, Hervas-Marin D, Rojo-Bofill LM, Garcia D, Vaz-Leal FJ, Calabria I, Beato-Fernandez L, Oltra S, Sandoval J, Rojo-Moreno L. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in anorexia nervosa discordant identical twins. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:15. [PMID: 35013117 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Up until now, no study has looked specifically at epigenomic landscapes throughout twin samples, discordant for Anorexia nervosa (AN). Our goal was to find evidence to confirm the hypothesis that epigenetic variations play a key role in the aetiology of AN. In this study, we quantified genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation using the Infinium Human DNA Methylation EPIC BeadChip array ("850 K") in DNA samples isolated from whole blood collected from a group of 7 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for AN. Results were then validated performing a genome-wide DNA methylation profiling using DNA extracted from whole blood of a group of non-family-related AN patients and a group of healthy controls. Our first analysis using the twin sample revealed 9 CpGs associated to a gene. The validation analysis showed two statistically significant CpGs with the rank regression method related to two genes associated to metabolic traits, PPP2R2C and CHST1. When doing beta regression, 6 of them showed statistically significant differences, including 3 CpGs associated to genes JAM3, UBAP2L and SYNJ2. Finally, the overall pattern of results shows genetic links to phenotypes which the literature has constantly related to AN, including metabolic and psychological traits. The genes PPP2R2C and CHST1 have both been linked to the metabolic traits type 2 diabetes through GWAS studies. The genes UBAP2L and SYNJ2 have been related to other psychiatric comorbidity.
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Kaare M, Mikheim K, Lilleväli K, Kilk K, Jagomäe T, Leidmaa E, Piirsalu M, Porosk R, Singh K, Reimets R, Taalberg E, Schäfer MKE, Plaas M, Vasar E, Philips MA. High-Fat Diet Induces Pre-Diabetes and Distinct Sex-Specific Metabolic Alterations in Negr1-Deficient Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1148. [PMID: 34572334 PMCID: PMC8466019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the large GWAS studies, NEGR1 gene has been one of the most significant gene loci for body mass phenotype. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the role of NEGR1 in the maintenance of systemic metabolism, including glucose homeostasis, by using both male and female Negr1-/- mice receiving a standard or high fat diet (HFD). We found that 6 weeks of HFD leads to higher levels of blood glucose in Negr1-/- mice. In the glucose tolerance test, HFD induced phenotype difference only in male mice; Negr1-/- male mice displayed altered glucose tolerance, accompanied with upregulation of circulatory branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). The general metabolomic profile indicates that Negr1-/- mice are biased towards glyconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and higher protein catabolism, all of which are amplified by HFD. Negr1 deficiency appears to induce alterations in the efficiency of energy storage; reduced food intake could be an attempt to compensate for the metabolic challenge present in the Negr1-/- males, particularly during the HFD exposure. Our results suggest that the presence of functional Negr1 allows male mice to consume more HFD and prevents the development of glucose intolerance, liver steatosis, and excessive weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kaare
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.M.); (K.L.); (T.J.); (M.P.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (M.-A.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Kaie Mikheim
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.M.); (K.L.); (T.J.); (M.P.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (M.-A.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Kersti Lilleväli
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.M.); (K.L.); (T.J.); (M.P.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (M.-A.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Kalle Kilk
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Jagomäe
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.M.); (K.L.); (T.J.); (M.P.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (M.-A.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Laboratory Animal Center, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (R.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Este Leidmaa
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53129 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Maria Piirsalu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.M.); (K.L.); (T.J.); (M.P.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (M.-A.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Rando Porosk
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katyayani Singh
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.M.); (K.L.); (T.J.); (M.P.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (M.-A.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Riin Reimets
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Laboratory Animal Center, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (R.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Egon Taalberg
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael K. E. Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Mario Plaas
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Laboratory Animal Center, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (R.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.M.); (K.L.); (T.J.); (M.P.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (M.-A.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Mari-Anne Philips
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.M.); (K.L.); (T.J.); (M.P.); (K.S.); (E.V.); (M.-A.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.); (R.P.); (E.T.)
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Foulkes AS, Selvaggi C, Cao T, O'Reilly ME, Cynn E, Ma P, Lumish H, Xue C, Reilly MP. Nonconserved Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs Associate With Complex Cardiometabolic Disease Traits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:501-511. [PMID: 33176448 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcriptome profiling of human tissues has revealed thousands of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) at loci identified through large-scale genome-wide studies for complex cardiometabolic traits. This raises the question of whether genetic variation at nonconserved lincRNAs has any systematic association with complex disease, and if so, how different this pattern is from conserved lincRNAs. We evaluated whether the associations between nonconserved lincRNAs and 8 complex cardiometabolic traits resemble or differ from the pattern of association for conserved lincRNAs. Approach and Results: Our investigation of over 7000 lincRNA annotations from GENCODE Release 33-GRCh38.p13 for complex trait genetic associations leveraged several large, established meta-analyses genome-wide association study summary data resources, including GIANT (Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits), UK Biobank, GLGC (Global Lipids Genetics Consortium), Cardiogram (Coronary Artery Disease Genome Wide Replication and Meta-Analysis), and DIAGRAM (Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-Analysis)/DIAMANTE (Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic Association Studies). These analyses revealed that (1) nonconserved lincRNAs associate with a range of cardiometabolic traits at a rate that is generally consistent with conserved lincRNAs; (2) these findings persist across different definitions of conservation; and (3) overall across all cardiometabolic traits, approximately one-third of genome-wide association study-associated lincRNAs are nonconserved, and this increases to about two-thirds using a more stringent definition of conservation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the traditional notion of conservation driving prioritization for functional and translational follow-up of complex cardiometabolic genomic discoveries may need to be revised in the context of the abundance of nonconserved long noncoding RNAs in the human genome and their apparent predilection to associate with complex cardiometabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Foulkes
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.S.F., C.S., T.C.).,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S.F.).,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.S.F., T.C.)
| | - Caitlin Selvaggi
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.S.F., C.S., T.C.)
| | - Tingyi Cao
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (A.S.F., C.S., T.C.).,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.S.F., T.C.)
| | - Marcella E O'Reilly
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (M.E.O., E.C., H.L., C.X., M.P.R.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Esther Cynn
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (M.E.O., E.C., H.L., C.X., M.P.R.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Puyang Ma
- Data Science Institute, Stanford University, CA (P.M.)
| | - Heidi Lumish
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (M.E.O., E.C., H.L., C.X., M.P.R.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (M.E.O., E.C., H.L., C.X., M.P.R.), Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine (M.E.O., E.C., H.L., C.X., M.P.R.), Columbia University, New York, NY.,Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences (M.P.R.), Columbia University, New York, NY
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5
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Vogelezang S, Bradfield JP, Ahluwalia TS, Curtin JA, Lakka TA, Grarup N, Scholz M, van der Most PJ, Monnereau C, Stergiakouli E, Heiskala A, Horikoshi M, Fedko IO, Vilor-Tejedor N, Cousminer DL, Standl M, Wang CA, Viikari J, Geller F, Íñiguez C, Pitkänen N, Chesi A, Bacelis J, Yengo L, Torrent M, Ntalla I, Helgeland Ø, Selzam S, Vonk JM, Zafarmand MH, Heude B, Farooqi IS, Alyass A, Beaumont RN, Have CT, Rzehak P, Bilbao JR, Schnurr TM, Barroso I, Bønnelykke K, Beilin LJ, Carstensen L, Charles MA, Chawes B, Clément K, Closa-Monasterolo R, Custovic A, Eriksson JG, Escribano J, Groen-Blokhuis M, Grote V, Gruszfeld D, Hakonarson H, Hansen T, Hattersley AT, Hollensted M, Hottenga JJ, Hyppönen E, Johansson S, Joro R, Kähönen M, Karhunen V, Kiess W, Knight BA, Koletzko B, Kühnapfel A, Landgraf K, Langhendries JP, Lehtimäki T, Leinonen JT, Li A, Lindi V, Lowry E, Bustamante M, Medina-Gomez C, Melbye M, Michaelsen KF, Morgen CS, Mori TA, Nielsen TRH, Niinikoski H, Oldehinkel AJ, Pahkala K, Panoutsopoulou K, Pedersen O, Pennell CE, Power C, Reijneveld SA, Rivadeneira F, Simpson A, Sly PD, Stokholm J, Teo KK, Thiering E, Timpson NJ, Uitterlinden AG, van Beijsterveldt CEM, van Schaik BDC, Vaudel M, Verduci E, Vinding RK, Vogel M, Zeggini E, Sebert S, Lind MV, Brown CD, Santa-Marina L, Reischl E, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, Meyre D, Wheeler E, Ong K, Nohr EA, Vrijkotte TGM, Koppelman GH, Plomin R, Njølstad PR, Dedoussis GD, Froguel P, Sørensen TIA, Jacobsson B, Freathy RM, Zemel BS, Raitakari O, Vrijheid M, Feenstra B, Lyytikäinen LP, Snieder H, Kirsten H, Holt PG, Heinrich J, Widén E, Sunyer J, Boomsma DI, Järvelin MR, Körner A, Davey Smith G, Holm JC, Atalay M, Murray C, Bisgaard H, McCarthy MI, Jaddoe VWV, Grant SFA, Felix JF. Novel loci for childhood body mass index and shared heritability with adult cardiometabolic traits. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008718. [PMID: 33045005 PMCID: PMC7581004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of childhood body mass index (BMI), and the extent to which the well-known associations of childhood BMI with adult diseases are explained by shared genetic factors, are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of BMI in 61,111 children aged between 2 and 10 years. Twenty-five independent loci reached genome-wide significance in the combined discovery and replication analyses. Two of these, located near NEDD4L and SLC45A3, have not previously been reported in relation to either childhood or adult BMI. Positive genetic correlations of childhood BMI with birth weight and adult BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure and type 2 diabetes were detected (Rg ranging from 0.11 to 0.76, P-values <0.002). A negative genetic correlation of childhood BMI with age at menarche was observed. Our results suggest that the biological processes underlying childhood BMI largely, but not completely, overlap with those underlying adult BMI. The well-known observational associations of BMI in childhood with cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood may reflect partial genetic overlap, but in light of previous evidence, it is also likely that they are explained through phenotypic continuity of BMI from childhood into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Vogelezang
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan P. Bradfield
- Quantinuum Research LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John A. Curtin
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter J. van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Monnereau
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evie Stergiakouli
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anni Heiskala
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Iryna O. Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana L. Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carol A. Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research–Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Loic Yengo
- University Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maties Torrent
- Area de Salut de Menorca ib-salut, Menorca, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Øyvind Helgeland
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saskia Selzam
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith M. Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammed H. Zafarmand
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Ismaa Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Akram Alyass
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Robin N. Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Christian T. Have
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Rzehak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Biocrues-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Theresia M. Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisbeth Carstensen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bo Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities; systemic approaches research unit, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Pitie- Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique hôpital de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ricardo Closa-Monasterolo
- Pediatrics, Nutrition and Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joaquin Escribano
- Pediatrics, Nutrition and Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Groen-Blokhuis
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Neonatal Department, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew T. Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mette Hollensted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Raimo Joro
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bridget A. Knight
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kühnapfel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jaakko T. Leinonen
- Institute For Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aihuali Li
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Virpi Lindi
- University of Eastern Finland Library Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Estelle Lowry
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kim F. Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla S. Morgen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Insitute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tenna R. H. Nielsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J. Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalliope Panoutsopoulou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- World Health Organization, WHO Collaborating Centre for Children’s Health and Environment, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kook K. Teo
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging NCHA), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Barbera D. C. van Schaik
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Vaudel
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca K. Vinding
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mads V. Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher D. Brown
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Publica-CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
- Subdirección Salud Pública de Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Frithioff-Bøjsøe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Ong
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit & Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, England
| | - Ellen A. Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard H. Koppelman
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - George D. Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199—European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
- Section of Genomics of Common Disease, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Babette S. Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center—Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick G. Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute For Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute and Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Clare Murray
- Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Neonatal Department, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Janine F. Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Ruzicka F, Dutoit L, Czuppon P, Jordan CY, Li X, Olito C, Runemark A, Svensson EI, Yazdi HP, Connallon T. The search for sexually antagonistic genes: Practical insights from studies of local adaptation and statistical genomics. Evol Lett 2020; 4:398-415. [PMID: 33014417 PMCID: PMC7523564 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation-in which alleles favored in one sex are disfavored in the other-is predicted to be common and has been documented in several animal and plant populations, yet we currently know little about its pervasiveness among species or its population genetic basis. Recent applications of genomics in studies of SA genetic variation have highlighted considerable methodological challenges to the identification and characterization of SA genes, raising questions about the feasibility of genomic approaches for inferring SA selection. The related fields of local adaptation and statistical genomics have previously dealt with similar challenges, and lessons from these disciplines can therefore help overcome current difficulties in applying genomics to study SA genetic variation. Here, we integrate theoretical and analytical concepts from local adaptation and statistical genomics research-including F ST and F IS statistics, genome-wide association studies, pedigree analyses, reciprocal transplant studies, and evolve-and-resequence experiments-to evaluate methods for identifying SA genes and genome-wide signals of SA genetic variation. We begin by developing theoretical models for between-sex F ST and F IS, including explicit null distributions for each statistic, and using them to critically evaluate putative multilocus signals of sex-specific selection in previously published datasets. We then highlight new statistics that address some of the limitations of F ST and F IS, along with applications of more direct approaches for characterizing SA genetic variation, which incorporate explicit fitness measurements. We finish by presenting practical guidelines for the validation and evolutionary analysis of candidate SA genes and discussing promising empirical systems for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ruzicka
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedin9054New Zealand
| | - Peter Czuppon
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRASorbonne UniversitéParis75252France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, CNRS, Collège de FrancePSL Research UniversityParis75231France
| | - Crispin Y. Jordan
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH8 9XDUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiang‐Yi Li
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchatelCH‐2000Switzerland
| | - Colin Olito
- Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSE‐22362Sweden
| | - Anna Runemark
- Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSE‐22362Sweden
| | | | | | - Tim Connallon
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia
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7
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Alsulami S, Nyakotey DA, Dudek K, Bawah AM, Lovegrove JA, Annan RA, Ellahi B, Vimaleswaran KS. Interaction between Metabolic Genetic Risk Score and Dietary Fatty Acid Intake on Central Obesity in a Ghanaian Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1906. [PMID: 32605047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial condition arising from the interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors. We aimed to assess the impact of lifestyle and genetic factors on obesity-related traits in 302 healthy Ghanaian adults. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using a 3 day repeated 24 h dietary recall and global physical activity questionnaire, respectively. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct 4-SNP, 8-SNP and 12-SNP genetic risk scores (GRSs). The 4-SNP GRS showed significant interactions with dietary fat intakes on waist circumference (WC) (Total fat, Pinteraction = 0.01; saturated fatty acids (SFA), Pinteraction = 0.02; polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), Pinteraction = 0.01 and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), Pinteraction = 0.01). Among individuals with higher intakes of total fat (>47 g/d), SFA (>14 g/d), PUFA (>16 g/d) and MUFA (>16 g/d), individuals with ≥3 risk alleles had a significantly higher WC compared to those with <3 risk alleles. This is the first study of its kind in this population, suggesting that a higher consumption of dietary fatty acid may have the potential to increase the genetic susceptibility of becoming centrally obese. These results support the general dietary recommendations to decrease the intakes of total fat and SFA, to reduce the risk of obesity, particularly in individuals with a higher genetic predisposition to central obesity.
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8
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Lumish HS, O'Reilly M, Reilly MP. Sex Differences in Genomic Drivers of Adipose Distribution and Related Cardiometabolic Disorders: Opportunities for Precision Medicine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:45-60. [PMID: 31747800 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the human genetics, epidemiology, and molecular pathophysiology of sex differences in central obesity, adipose distribution, and related cardiometabolic disorders. Distribution of fat is important for cardiometabolic health, with peripheral fat depots having a protective effect and central visceral fat depots conferring a detrimental effect on health. There are important sex differences in fat distribution that are masked when studying body mass index as a measure of obesity. From epidemiological, murine, and in vitro studies, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the sex differences in adipose distribution, including sex hormonal effects, cell-intrinsic properties, and the microenvironment in fat depots. More recently, human genetics have revealed hundreds of loci for central obesity providing disruptive opportunities for mechanistic discoveries and clinical translation. A striking feature is that over one-third of these loci have reproducible but poorly understood sexual dimorphic associations with central obesity, most having stronger effects in women. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms of adipose distribution and its sexual dimorphism in humans provides a unique opportunity to promote the use of precision medicine for early identification of at-risk individuals, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for central obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi S Lumish
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (H.S.L., M.O., M.P.R.)
| | - Marcella O'Reilly
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (H.S.L., M.O., M.P.R.)
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (H.S.L., M.O., M.P.R.).,Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.P.R.)
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9
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Laskar RS, Muller DC, Li P, Machiela MJ, Ye Y, Gaborieau V, Foll M, Hofmann JN, Colli L, Sampson JN, Wang Z, Bacq-Daian D, Boland A, Abedi-Ardekani B, Durand G, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Robinot N, Blanche H, Prokhortchouk E, Skryabin KG, Burdett L, Yeager M, Radojevic-Skodric S, Savic S, Foretova L, Holcatova I, Janout V, Mates D, Rascu S, Mukeria A, Zaridze D, Bencko V, Cybulski C, Fabianova E, Jinga V, Lissowska J, Lubinski J, Navratilova M, Rudnai P, Świątkowska B, Benhamou S, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Trichopoulou A, Riboli E, Overvad K, Panico S, Ljungberg B, Sitaram RT, Giles GG, Milne RL, Severi G, Bruinsma F, Fletcher T, Koppova K, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Banks RE, Selby PJ, Easton DF, Pharoah P, Andreotti G, Beane Freeman LE, Koutros S, Albanes D, Männistö S, Weinstein S, Clark PE, Edwards TL, Lipworth L, Carol H, Freedman ML, Pomerantz MM, Cho E, Kraft P, Preston MA, Wilson KM, Michael Gaziano J, Sesso HD, Black A, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Anema JG, Kahnoski RJ, Lane BR, Noyes SL, Petillo D, Teh BT, Peters U, White E, Anderson GL, Johnson L, Luo J, Chow WH, Moore LE, Choueiri TK, Wood C, Johansson M, McKay JD, Brown KM, Rothman N, Lathrop MG, Deleuze JF, Wu X, Brennan P, Chanock SJ, Purdue MP, Scelo G. Sex specific associations in genome wide association analysis of renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1589-1598. [PMID: 31231134 PMCID: PMC6777615 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has an undisputed genetic component and a stable 2:1 male to female sex ratio in its incidence across populations, suggesting possible sexual dimorphism in its genetic susceptibility. We conducted the first sex-specific genome-wide association analysis of RCC for men (3227 cases, 4916 controls) and women (1992 cases, 3095 controls) of European ancestry from two RCC genome-wide scans and replicated the top findings using an additional series of men (2261 cases, 5852 controls) and women (1399 cases, 1575 controls) from two independent cohorts of European origin. Our study confirmed sex-specific associations for two known RCC risk loci at 14q24.2 (DPF3) and 2p21(EPAS1). We also identified two additional suggestive male-specific loci at 6q24.3 (SAMD5, male odds ratio (ORmale) = 0.83 [95% CI = 0.78-0.89], Pmale = 1.71 × 10-8 compared with female odds ratio (ORfemale) = 0.98 [95% CI = 0.90-1.07], Pfemale = 0.68) and 12q23.3 (intergenic, ORmale = 0.75 [95% CI = 0.68-0.83], Pmale = 1.59 × 10-8 compared with ORfemale = 0.93 [95% CI = 0.82-1.06], Pfemale = 0.21) that attained genome-wide significance in the joint meta-analysis. Herein, we provide evidence of sex-specific associations in RCC genetic susceptibility and advocate the necessity of larger genetic and genomic studies to unravel the endogenous causes of sex bias in sexually dimorphic traits and diseases like RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhina S Laskar
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - David C Muller
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Matthieu Foll
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leandro Colli
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, , Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, , Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | | | - Geoffroy Durand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Helene Blanche
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
| | - Egor Prokhortchouk
- Center 'Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin G Skryabin
- Center 'Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Slavisa Savic
- Department of Urology, University Hospital "Dr D. Misovic" Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Rascu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anush Mukeria
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - David Zaridze
- Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Bencko
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Eleonora Fabianova
- Regional Authority of Public Health in BanskaBystrica, BanskaBystrica, Slovakia
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Rudnai
- National Public Health Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Simone Benhamou
- INSERM U946, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8200, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Geraldine Cancel-Tassin
- Sorbonne Université, GRC no. 5, ONCOTYPE-URO, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- Sorbonne Université, GRC no. 5, ONCOTYPE-URO, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Paris, France
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Borje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raviprakash T Sitaram
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council of Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council of Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council of Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Inserm U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Facultés de Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council of Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
| | - Kvetoslava Koppova
- Regional Authority of Public Health in BanskaBystrica, BanskaBystrica, Slovakia
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosamonde E Banks
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter J Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Preston
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and VA Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Howard D Sesso
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John G Anema
- Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Brian R Lane
- Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sabrina L Noyes
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - David Petillo
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily White
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lisa Johnson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lee E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher Wood
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - James D McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Kevin M Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark G Lathrop
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, , Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
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10
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Castillejo-Lopez C, Pjanic M, Pirona AC, Hetty S, Wabitsch M, Wadelius C, Quertermous T, Arner E, Ingelsson E. Detailed Functional Characterization of a Waist-Hip Ratio Locus in 7p15.2 Defines an Enhancer Controlling Adipocyte Differentiation. iScience 2019; 20:42-59. [PMID: 31557715 PMCID: PMC6817687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined CAGE sequencing in human adipocytes during differentiation with data from genome-wide association studies to identify an enhancer in the SNX10 locus on chromosome 7, presumably involved in body fat distribution. Using reporter assays and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human cell lines, we characterized the role of the enhancer in adipogenesis. The enhancer was active during adipogenesis and responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline. The allele associated with increased waist-hip ratio in human genetic studies was associated with higher enhancer activity. Mutations of the enhancer resulted in less adipocyte differentiation. RNA sequencing of cells with disrupted enhancer showed reduced expression of established adipocyte markers, such as ADIPOQ and LPL, and identified CHI3L1 on chromosome 1 as a potential gene involved in adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, we identified and characterized an enhancer in the SNX10 locus and outlined its plausible mechanisms of action and downstream targets. An enhancer active during adipogenesis is located in an obesity GWAS locus The enhancer responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline Mutation of the enhancer by CRISPR-Cas9 decreased adipocyte differentiation Knockout of CHI3L1 decreased adipocyte differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Castillejo-Lopez
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Chiara Pirona
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erik Arner
- Laboratory for Applied Regulatory Genomics Network Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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11
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Viitasalo A, Schnurr TM, Pitkänen N, Hollensted M, Nielsen TRH, Pahkala K, Lintu N, Lind MV, Atalay M, Frithioff-Bøjsøe C, Fonvig CE, Grarup N, Kähönen M, Larnkjaer A, Pedersen O, Holm JC, Michaelsen KF, Lakka TA, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Hansen T, Kilpeläinen TO. Genetic predisposition to higher body fat yet lower cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2007-16. [PMID: 31332278 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most obese children show cardiometabolic impairments, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Yet some obese children retain a normal cardiometabolic profile. The mechanisms underlying this variability remain largely unknown. We examined whether genetic loci associated with increased insulin sensitivity and relatively higher fat storage on the hip than on the waist in adults are associated with a normal cardiometabolic profile despite higher adiposity in children. METHODS We constructed a genetic score using variants previously linked to increased insulin sensitivity and/or decreased waist-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and examined the associations of this genetic score with adiposity and cardiometabolic impairments in a meta-analysis of six cohorts, including 7391 European children aged 3-18 years. RESULTS The genetic score was significantly associated with increased degree of obesity (higher BMI-SDS beta = 0.009 SD/allele, SE = 0.003, P = 0.003; higher body fat mass beta = 0.009, SE = 0.004, P = 0.031), yet improved body fat distribution (lower WHRadjBMI beta = -0.014 SD/allele, SE = 0.006, P = 0.016), and favorable concentrations of blood lipids (higher HDL cholesterol: beta = 0.010 SD/allele, SE = 0.003, P = 0.002; lower triglycerides: beta = -0.011 SD/allele, SE = 0.003, P = 0.001) adjusted for age, sex, and puberty. No differences were detected between prepubertal and pubertal/postpubertal children. The genetic score predicted a normal cardiometabolic profile, defined by the presence of normal glucose and lipid concentrations, among obese children (OR = 1.07 CI 95% 1.01-1.13, P = 0.012, n = 536). CONCLUSIONS Genetic predisposition to higher body fat yet lower cardiometabolic risk exerts its influence before puberty.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafqat Ahmad
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Preventive Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shafqat Ahmad
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13
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Kouvari M, Yannakoulia M, Souliotis K, Panagiotakos DB. Challenges in Sex- and Gender-Centered Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease: Implications of Genetic, Metabolic, and Environmental Paths. Angiology 2018; 69:843-853. [PMID: 29430964 DOI: 10.1177/0003319718756732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a "male" privilege has been a commonly held concept. However, emerging data describe another reality. Heterogeneities have been convincingly demonstrated regarding CVD manifestations, risk factor burden, and prognosis between males and females. The aim of the present narrative review was to highlight sex- and gender-related discrepancies in primary and secondary CVD prevention, underscoring plausible underlying mechanisms. Manifestation of CVD in women is characterized by atypical symptoms/signs and inadequately studied pathophysiology features challenging accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Regarding CVD risk assessment, the burden and effect size of conventional, novel, and female-specific risk factors needs better clarification. Hitherto outcomes are nonconsistent, while most importantly, the interpretation of the attendant metabolic paths remains a challenge; the interactions among genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors are of high complexity regulated by genomic and nongenomic sex hormones effects. To deal with these key points, the National Institutes of Health currently calls upon investigators to provide a sex- and gender-specific reporting in all health research hypotheses. The implementation of high-quality studies addressing these issues is an imperative need to maximize cost-effectiveness in prevention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Kouvari
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Souliotis
- 2 Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Korinthos, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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14
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Giuranna J, Diebels I, Hinney A. Polygene Varianten und Epigenetik bei Adipositas. MED GENET-BERLIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-017-0156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch molekulargenetische Analysen wurde eine kleine Anzahl von Hauptgenen identifiziert, die Übergewicht (Body Mass Index, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) und Adipositas (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) bei Menschen mit bedingen können. Die zugrunde liegenden Mutationen sind selten. Die genetische Prädisposition zur Entwicklung einer Adipositas ist meist polygener Natur.
Ziel der Arbeit
Darstellung der polygenen Formen der Adipositas und epigenetischer Befunde.
Material und Methoden
Literaturübersicht.
Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Metaanalysen genomweiter Assoziationsstudien (GWAMA) haben bisher mehr als 100 Polygene oder polygene Loci identifiziert, die genomweit mit dem BMI assoziiert sind. Jedes einzelne Polygen leistet nur einen kleinen Beitrag zur Entwicklung einer Adipositas. Effektstärken liegen im Bereich von ca. 100 g bis 1,5 kg. Eine Reihe solcher prädisponierenden Genvarianten (Allele) findet sich bei adipösen Probanden. Allerdings tragen auch normalgewichtige und schlanke Individuen diese Allele, wenn auch in geringerer Frequenz. Diese Allele können durch statistische Analysen als Adipositas-Risikoallele identifiziert und validiert werden. Vor Kurzem haben sogenannte Cross-Disorder- und Cross-Phänotyp-Analysen zur Identifizierung von Genen geführt, die nicht allein durch Analysen der einzelnen Erkrankungen/Phänotypen nachgewiesen werden konnten. Funktionelle in-vitro- und in-vivo-Studien der GWAS-abgeleiteten Polygene könnten zu einem besseren Verständnis der molekulargenetischen Mechanismen der Körpergewichtsregulation führen. Erste genomweite Methylierungsmusteranalysen und Studien zu metastabilen Epiallelen tragen zudem zu einem besseren Verständnis der Pathomechanismen der Adipositas bei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Giuranna
- Aff1 0000 0001 2187 5445 grid.5718.b Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR) Universität Duisburg-Essen Virchowstr. 171 45147 Essen Deutschland
| | - Inga Diebels
- Aff1 0000 0001 2187 5445 grid.5718.b Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR) Universität Duisburg-Essen Virchowstr. 171 45147 Essen Deutschland
| | - Anke Hinney
- Aff1 0000 0001 2187 5445 grid.5718.b Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR) Universität Duisburg-Essen Virchowstr. 171 45147 Essen Deutschland
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