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Yu Y, Lu C, Yu W, Lei Y, Sun S, Liu P, Bai F, Chen Y, Chen J. B Cells Dynamic in Aging and the Implications of Nutritional Regulation. Nutrients 2024; 16:487. [PMID: 38398810 PMCID: PMC10893126 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging negatively affects B cell production, resulting in a decrease in B-1 and B-2 cells and impaired antibody responses. Age-related B cell subsets contribute to inflammation. Investigating age-related alterations in the B-cell pool and developing targeted therapies are crucial for combating autoimmune diseases in the elderly. Additionally, optimal nutrition, including carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, and especially lipids, play a vital role in supporting immune function and mitigating the age-related decline in B cell activity. Research on the influence of lipids on B cells shows promise for improving autoimmune diseases. Understanding the aging B-cell pool and considering nutritional interventions can inform strategies for promoting healthy aging and reducing the age-related disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.Y.)
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2
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Suchanek O, Clatworthy MR. Homeostatic role of B-1 cells in tissue immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106294. [PMID: 37744333 PMCID: PMC10515722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, studies of tissue-resident immunity have mainly focused on innate immune cells and T cells, with limited data on B cells. B-1 B cells are a unique subset of B cells with innate-like properties, enriched in murine pleural and peritoneal cavities and distinct from conventional B-2 cells in their ontogeny, phenotype and function. Here we discuss how B-1 cells represent exemplar tissue-resident immune cells, summarizing the evidence for their long-term persistence & self-renewal within tissues, differential transcriptional programming shaped by organ-specific environmental cues, as well as their tissue-homeostatic functions. Finally, we review the emerging data supporting the presence and homeostatic role of B-1 cells across non-lymphoid organs (NLOs) both in mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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3
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Abstract
Immunity in a naïve organism is tightly controlled. Adequate proportions of the many immune cell subsets must be produced to mount efficient responses to eventual challenges. In addition, a functioning immune system is highly dynamic at steady state. Mature immune cells must be positioned properly and/or circulate to facilitate the detection of dangers. They must also be poised to promptly react to unusual encounters, while ignoring innocuous germs and self. Numerous regulatory mechanisms act at the molecular level to generate such an exquisite structure, including miRNA-mediated repression of protein synthesis. Notably, the miRNAs from the miR-142 locus are preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. Their importance is underscored by the deeply disturbed immune system seen upon inactivation of the locus in mice. In this review, we explore reported roles for the miR-142 miRNAs in the shaping of immunity in vertebrates, discussing in particular their contributions to the generation, migration and survival of hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Olson
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emmanuel Derudder
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Tan F, Xuan Y, Long L, Yu Y, Zhang C, Liang P, Wang Y, Chen M, Wen J, Chen G. Single-cell analysis of human prepuce reveals dynamic changes in gene regulation and cellular communications. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:514. [PMID: 37658288 PMCID: PMC10474653 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular and molecular dynamics of human prepuce are crucial for understanding its biological and physiological functions, as well as the prevention of related genital diseases. However, the cellular compositions and heterogeneity of human prepuce at single-cell resolution are still largely unknown. Here we systematically dissected the prepuce of children and adults based on the single-cell RNA-seq data of 90,770 qualified cells. RESULTS We identified 15 prepuce cell subtypes, including fibroblast, smooth muscle cells, T/natural killer cells, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and dendritic cells. The proportions of these cell types varied among different individuals as well as between children and adults. Moreover, we detected cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which could contribute to the unique functions of related cell types. The GRNs were also highly dynamic between the prepuce cells of children and adults. Our cell-cell communication network analysis among different cell types revealed a set of child-specific (e.g., CD96, EPO, IFN-1, and WNT signaling pathways) and adult-specific (e.g., BMP10, NEGR, ncWNT, and NPR1 signaling pathways) signaling pathways. The variations of GRNs and cellular communications could be closely associated with prepuce development in children and prepuce maintenance in adults. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we systematically analyzed the cellular variations and molecular changes of the human prepuce at single-cell resolution. Our results gained insights into the heterogeneity of prepuce cells and shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of prepuce development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tan
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
- Shanghai Skin Disease Clinical College, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Yuan Xuan
- Shanghai Skin Disease Clinical College, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Lan Long
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Pengchen Liang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yaoqun Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Clinical College, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Meiyu Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Clinical College, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jiling Wen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Geng Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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5
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Abstract
NF-κB signaling is essential to an effective innate and adaptive immune response. Many immune-specific functional and developmental outcomes depend in large on NF-κB. The formidable task of sorting out the mechanisms behind the regulation and outcome of NF-κB signaling remains an important area of immunology research. Here we briefly discuss the role of NF-κB in regulating cell fate decisions at various times in the path of B cell development, activation, and the generation of long-term humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Guldenpfennig
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mark Daniels
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Shimojima Y, Kishida D, Ichikawa T, Takamatsu R, Nomura S, Sekijima Y. Features of BAFF and APRIL receptors on circulating B cells in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:125-137. [PMID: 36794867 PMCID: PMC10324548 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the features of circulating B cells, their expressing receptors, serum levels of B-cell activation factor of the TNF family (BAFF), and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Blood samples from 24 patients with active AAV (a-AAV), 13 with inactive AAV (i-AAV), and 19 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. The proportion of B cells and their expressing BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), and B-cell maturation antigen were analyzed via flow cytometry. Serum levels of BAFF, APRIL, and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 were also evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proportion of plasmablasts (PB)/plasma cells (PC) and serum levels of BAFF, APRIL, IL-4, and IL-6 were significantly higher in a-AAV than in HC. Higher serum levels of BAFF, APRIL, and IL-4 were observed in i-AAV than in HC. Lower expression of BAFF-R on memory B cells and higher expression of TACI on CD19+ cells, immature B cells, and PB/PC were demonstrated in a-AAV and i-AAV than in HC. The population of memory B cells was positively associated with serum APRIL levels and BAFF-R expression in a-AAV. In conclusion, decreased expression of BAFF-R on memory B cells and increased expression of TACI on CD19+ cells, immature B cells, and PB/PC, as well as increased serum levels of BAFF and APRIL, were sustained even in the remission phase of AAV. Persistent aberrant signaling of BAFF/APRIL may contribute to disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shimojima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Dai Kishida
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Ichikawa
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Takamatsu
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shun Nomura
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sekijima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Koizumi H, Fujii W, Sanjoba C, Goto Y. BAFF induces CXCR5 expression during B cell differentiation in bone marrow. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101451. [PMID: 36926279 PMCID: PMC10011739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor (BAFF) plays an important role in antibody production through differentiation and maturation of B cells mainly in secondary lymphoid organs. On the other hand, the role of BAFF in the bone marrow, the primary lymphoid organ of B cell development, has not been well elucidated. Here, effects of BAFF in bone marrow B cell development were examined by using BAFF-deficient mice. When mRNA expression levels of B cell differentiation markers including Cd19, Bcl2, Igμ, Il7r and Cxcr5 were compared between bone marrow of wild-type and BAFF-KO mice, a lower level of Cxcr5 expression was found in the KO mice. Additionally, protein expression of CXCR5 on IgM+ cells in the bone marrow was decreased by BAFF deficiency. In vitro studies also confirmed the effect of BAFF on CXCR5 by IgM+ cells; culturing bone marrow cells from BAFF-KO mice with BAFF in vitro increased the proportion of CXCR5+ cells in IgM+ cells compared with non-treated bone marrow cells. In addition, BAFF synergized with TNF-α and IL-6 to increase the expression of CXCR5+ on IgM+ cells. The BAFF-mediated up-regulation of CXCR5 expression was reproduced by using CD19+ cells purified from BAFF-KO bone marrow cells, suggesting that BAFF directly affects B-lineage cells in bone marrow to promote CXCR5 expression. Together, this study suggests that BAFF has an important role in B cell differentiation in bone marrow by directly inducing CXCR5 expression which affect their migration to secondary lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Koizumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Sanjoba
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Ebrahimian T, Dierick F, Ta V, Kotsiopriftis M, O'Connor Miranda J, Mann KK, Orthwein A, Lehoux S. B cell-specific knockout of AID protects against atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8723. [PMID: 37253865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-naive IgM-producing B cells are atheroprotective, whereas mature B cells producing class-switched antibodies promote atherosclerosis. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which mediates class switch recombination (CSR), would thus be expected to foster atherosclerosis. Yet, AID also plays a major role in the establishment of B cell tolerance. We sought to define whether AID affects atherosclerotic plaque formation. We generated Ldlr-/- chimeras transplanted with bone marrow from Aicda-/- or wild-type (WT) mice, fed a HFD for 14 weeks. Decreased B cell maturation in Ldlr-/-Aicda-/- mice was demonstrated by 50% reduction in splenic and aortic BAFFR expression, a key signaling component of B2 cell maturation. This was associated with increased plasma IgM in Ldlr-/-Aicda-/- compared with Ldlr-/-WT animals. Importantly, Ldlr-/-Aicda-/- mice had reduced atherosclerotic lesion area (0.20 ± 0.03mm2) compared with Ldlr-/-WT (0.30 ± 0.04mm2, P < 0.05), although no differences in plaque composition were noted between groups. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased splenic B and T cell areas independent of cell number. AID depletion directly inhibits atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talin Ebrahimian
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - France Dierick
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Vincent Ta
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Maria Kotsiopriftis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | | | - Koren K Mann
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lehoux
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3755, Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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9
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Sumi K, Masuda T, Kimura N, Akiyoshi Y, Obayashi K, Matsubara E. Cerebrospinal fluid B-cell activating factor levels as a novel biomarker in patients with neurosarcoidosis. J Neurol Sci 2023; 449:120668. [PMID: 37148776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurosarcoidosis (NS) is a severe complication of sarcoidosis. Patients with NS often have poor outcomes. To improve both the quality of life and prognosis in patients with NS, accurate and reliable methods for early diagnosis and determining the efficacy of treatment are needed. This study aims to investigate B-cell-activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and elucidate the relationship between CSF BAFF levels and various parameters of NS. METHODS We studied 20 patients with NS and 14 control subjects. We measured CSF BAFF levels in all subjects and investigated the relationship with clinical findings, serum and CSF measures, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. RESULTS CSF BAFF levels were significantly increased in patients with NS compared with controls (median 0.089 vs 0.04 ng/mL, p = 0.0005). CSF BAFF values were correlated with CSF findings-cell count, protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme, lysozyme, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and immunoglobulin G-but not with serum parameters. CSF BAFF levels were especially higher in patients with abnormal intraparenchymal lesions of the brain and abnormal spinal MRI findings. CSF BAFF levels decreased significantly after immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSION CSF BAFF may aid the quantitative evaluation of NS and may serve as a biomarker for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sumi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Teruaki Masuda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuko Akiyoshi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Konen Obayashi
- Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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10
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Rossi M, Anerillas C, Idda ML, Munk R, Shin CH, Donega S, Tsitsipatis D, Herman AB, Martindale JL, Yang X, Piao Y, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Fan J, Ferrucci L, Johnson PF, De S, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Pleiotropic effects of BAFF on the senescence-associated secretome and growth arrest. eLife 2023; 12:e84238. [PMID: 37083495 PMCID: PMC10121226 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells release a variety of cytokines, proteases, and growth factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Sustained SASP contributes to a pattern of chronic inflammation associated with aging and implicated in many age-related diseases. Here, we investigated the expression and function of the immunomodulatory cytokine BAFF (B-cell activating factor; encoded by the TNFSF13B gene), a SASP protein, in multiple senescence models. We first characterized BAFF production across different senescence paradigms, including senescent human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38, IMR-90) and monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1), and tissues of mice induced to undergo senescence. We then identified IRF1 (interferon regulatory factor 1) as a transcription factor required for promoting TNFSF13B mRNA transcription in senescence. We discovered that suppressing BAFF production decreased the senescent phenotype of both fibroblasts and monocyte-like cells, reducing IL6 secretion and SA-β-Gal staining. Importantly, however, the influence of BAFF on the senescence program was cell type-specific: in monocytes, BAFF promoted the early activation of NF-κB and general SASP secretion, while in fibroblasts, BAFF contributed to the production and function of TP53 (p53). We propose that BAFF is elevated across senescence models and is a potential target for senotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Maria Laura Idda
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research CouncilSassaryItaly
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Chang Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Stefano Donega
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
- Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA IRP, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Allison B Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA IRP, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Peter F Johnson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute IRPFrederickUnited States
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
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11
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Ibtehaj N, Bahauddin A, Ivannikov M, Rytting E, Jamaluddin M, Liang Y, Sun J, Haller SL, Wu X, Huda R. B cell-specific mAb-siRNA conjugates improve experimental myasthenia. J Autoimmun 2023; 135:102983. [PMID: 36640636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by muscle fatigue and weakness caused by autoantibody- and complement-mediated damage to the neuromuscular junction. This study sought to compare the efficacy of unique sets of monoclonal antibody-siRNA conjugates, individually (mono) or in combination (duo), against the crucial receptors predominantly or solely expressed on two subsets of B cells-plasma B cells and their precursor (transitional mature B) cells in a mouse model of MG. At the optimized doses, the conjugates, likely due to the combined activities of mAb and siRNA, substantially decreased the expression levels of CD268 (B cell-activating factor receptor) in mature B cells and CD269 (B-cell maturation antigen) in plasma cells concomitantly with reducing the levels of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-specific autoantibodies. PEGylation, but not pretreatment with an antibody against type 1 interferon receptor, further improved duoconjugate-induced reduction in the autoantibody levels. Our results show that the duoconjugate treatment significantly improved the clinical symptoms of MG, consistent with the preservation of bungarotoxin-bound functional AChRs. In the future, developing similar target-specific combination molecules can potentially turn into a new and effective therapeutic approach for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naazneen Ibtehaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Afrin Bahauddin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Maxim Ivannikov
- Optical Microscopy Core, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Erik Rytting
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mohammad Jamaluddin
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sherry L Haller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ruksana Huda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
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12
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Shater H, Fawzy M, Farid A, El-Amir A, Fouad S, Madbouly N. B-cell activating factor and A proliferation-inducing ligand in relation to intima-media thickness as biomarkers of premature atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:646-654. [PMID: 35580639 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of the serum B-cell activating factor (BAFF), A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and interleukin (IL)-21 with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) to evaluate their efficacy as non-invasive biomarkers for the risk of premature development of atherosclerosis. METHODS ELISA test was used to quantify serum BAFF, APRIL and IL-21 in 40 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 20 healthy controls (HCs). The obtained results were correlated with disease duration, anti-double stranded DNA, complement proteins levels, lipid profile, cIMT and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). RESULTS Serum BAFF, APRIL and IL-21 were significantly increased in SLE compared to HCs. Positive correlation was recorded between BAFF (r = 0.51) and APRIL (r = 0.52) with the cIMT. IL-21 correlated positively with SLEDAI (r = 0.33) and negatively with BAFF (r = -0.37) and APRIL (r = -0.44). According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that low-density lipoprotein, serum BAFF and APRIL values were independent factors for cIMT in SLE. To discriminate premature atherosclerosis in patients with SLE, BAFF ≥455 pg/ml yielded 88.9% sensitivity with 100% specificity while APRIL ≥600 pg/ml yielded 95% sensitivity with 100% specificity. IL-21 ≥240 pg/ml yielded 66.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSIONS Circulating BAFF and APRIL in patients with SLE were correlated to disease activity and cIMT, suggesting that they could be used as a peripheral blood biomarker for the occurrence of premature atherosclerosis in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Shater
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mary Fawzy
- Rheumatology and Immunology unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Farid
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza El-Amir
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa Fouad
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen Madbouly
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
Biologic agents may satisfy an unmet clinical need for treatment of refractory autoimmune hepatitis. The goals of this review are to present the types and results of biologic therapy for refractory autoimmune hepatitis, indicate opportunities to improve and expand biologic treatment, and encourage comparative clinical trials. English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. Rituximab (monoclonal antibodies against CD20 on B cells), infliximab (monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-alpha), low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 (regulatory T cell promoter), and belimumab (monoclonal antibodies against B cell activating factor) have induced laboratory improvement in small cohorts with refractory autoimmune hepatitis. Ianalumab (monoclonal antibodies against the receptor for B cell activating factor) is in clinical trial. These agents target critical pathogenic pathways, but they may also have serious side effects. Blockade of the B cell activating factor or its receptors may disrupt pivotal B and T cell responses, and recombinant interleukin 2 complexed with certain interleukin 2 antibodies may selectively expand the regulatory T cell population. A proliferation-inducing ligand that enhances T cell proliferation and survival is an unevaluated, potentially pivotal, therapeutic target. Fully human antibodies, expanded target options, improved targeting precision, more effective delivery systems, and biosimilar agents promise to improve efficacy, safety, and accessibility. In conclusion, biologic agents target key pathogenic pathways in autoimmune hepatitis, and early experiences in refractory disease encourage clarification of the preferred target, rigorous clinical trial, and comparative evaluations.
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Aysola V, Abd C, Kuo AH, Gupta N. Ezrin Promotes Antigen Receptor Diversity during B Cell Development by Supporting Ig H Chain Variable Gene Recombination. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:722-729. [DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genome-level rearrangements of Ig genes during B cell development are critical for generation of a diverse repertoire of BCRs that bind to a multitude of foreign Ags and some self Ags. Bone marrow B cell development involves a variety of cell–cell interactions, cell migration, and receptor signaling that likely benefit from the activity of membrane-cytoskeletal reorganizing proteins. However, the specific contribution of such proteins toward BCR repertoire diversification is poorly understood. Ezrin is a membrane-cytoskeletal linker protein that regulates mature B cell activation through spatial organization of the BCR. We employed next-generation sequencing to investigate whether Ezrin plays a role in IgH rearrangements and generation of BCR diversity in developing bone marrow B cells. BCR repertoire development occurred stochastically in B cell progenitors from both control and B cell conditional Ezrin-deficient mice. However, the loss of Ezrin resulted in fewer unique CDRs (CDR3s) in the BCRs and reduced Shannon entropy. Ezrin-deficient pre-B cells revealed similar utilization of joining (J) genes but significantly fewer variable (V) genes, thereby decreasing V-J combinatorial diversity. V-J junctional diversity, measured by CDR3 length and nucleotide additions and deletions, was not altered in Ezrin-deficient pre-B cells. Mechanistically, Ezrin-deficient cells showed a marked decrease in RAG1 gene expression, indicating a less efficient DNA recombination machinery. Overall, our results demonstrate that Ezrin shapes the BCR repertoire through combinatorial diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Aysola
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christina Abd
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alexander H. Kuo
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Neetu Gupta
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Alfaro R, Lorente S, Jimenez-Coll V, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Galián JA, Botella C, Moya-Quiles MR, Muro-Pérez M, de la Peña-Moral J, Minguela A, Legaz I, Muro M. Evaluating the Link between BAFF System Gene Expression and Acute Rejection Development in Kidney Transplantation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143956. [PMID: 35887720 PMCID: PMC9319040 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) system signaling is critical for B-cell homeostasis, effector functions, and tolerance maintenance in transplants, but it has not been studied in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The aim was to analyze the changes in BAFF system expression in KTRs with/without acute rejection (AR/NAR). The BAFF system expression was analyzed by qPCR in 40 KTRs. A meta-analysis of BAFF system expression and histological renal damage was identified by the Chronic Allograft Damage Index (CADI) and performed from the GEO database. Proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) expression increased at three- and six-months post-KT (p = 0.014 and p < 0.001). B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) expression increased at six-months post-KT (p = 0.038). BAFF expression remained stable in NAR-KTRs, but was increased in CADI concerning the No-CADI group at one year (p = 0.008). BCMA expression increased in the CADI group at one- (p = 0.001) and six-years post-KT (p = 0.024). At three months, the transmembrane activator and calcium modulator interactor (TACI) gene significantly elevated KTRs with DSAs (donor-specific antibody; p = 0.034). KTRs with DSAs significantly increase the B-cell activating factor receptor (R-BAFF; p = 0.021) and TACI (p = 0.018) between pre- and three-month post-KT. Changes in the expression of the BAFF system increase during post-KTR in the development of AR and chronic allograft damage, and could be an important pathological tool to detect and prevent kidney graft outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alfaro
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Santiago Lorente
- Nephrology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Víctor Jimenez-Coll
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - José Antonio Galián
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmen Botella
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - María Rosa Moya-Quiles
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Manuel Muro-Pérez
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Jesús de la Peña-Moral
- Pathology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (M.M.)
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Shen Z, Ma J, Peng R, Hu B, Zhao Y, Liu S, Hong J. Biomarkers in Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Implications for the Involvement of B Cells. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:749.e1-749.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ansari A, Sachan S, Jit BP, Sharma A, Coshic P, Sette A, Weiskopf D, Gupta N. An efficient immunoassay for the B cell help function of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4 + T cells. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100224. [PMID: 35571764 PMCID: PMC9085463 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The B cell "help" function of CD4+ T cells is an important mechanism of adaptive immunity. Here, we describe improved antigen-specific T-B cocultures for quantitative measurement of T cell-dependent B cell responses, with as few as ∼90 T cells. Utilizing M. tuberculosis (Mtb), we show that early priming and activation of CD4+ T cells is important for productive interaction between T and B cells and that similar effects are achieved by supplementing cocultures with monocytes. We find that monocytes promote survivability of B cells via BAFF and stem cell growth factor (SCGF)/C-type lectin domain family 11 member A (CLEC11A), but this alone does not fully recapitulate the effects of monocyte supplementation. Importantly, we demonstrate improved activation and immunological output of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific memory CD4+ T-B cell cocultures with the inclusion of monocytes. This method may therefore provide a more sensitive assay to evaluate the B cell help quality of memory CD4+ T cells, for example, after vaccination or natural infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgar Ansari
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shilpa Sachan
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bimal Prasad Jit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Poonam Coshic
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nimesh Gupta
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
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18
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Sari S, Cinar S, Yalcinkaya Y, Artim-Esen B, Ozluk Y, Gul A, Ocal L, Deniz G, Inanc M. The relationship between serum A proliferation-inducing ligand and B-cell activating factor levels with disease activity and organ involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2022; 31:555-564. [DOI: 10.1177/09612033221086123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We aim to investigate the association between serum B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) levels with disease activity and clinical findings in SLE patients. Methods Seventy-nine patients with SLE and 27 healthy controls were included into the study. Serum BAFF and APRIL levels were measured by using ELISA. In 19 patients with active disease at the time of the assessment, BAFF/APRIL levels were reassessed after 6 months of follow-up and disease activity was evaluated by using SLEDAI-2K. The relationship between renal histopathology index scores and lupus nephritis (LN) classes with serum BAFF/APRIL levels was examined in 16 patients who had recent renal involvement and underwent biopsy during the study. Results Although both BAFF/APRIL levels were higher in patients with SLE compared to the control group ( p < 0.001), no correlation was found between BAFF/APRIL levels and SLEDAI scores. Serum BAFF levels were higher in patients with renal disease activity ( p = 0.01), and there was a significant correlation between APRIL levels and proteinuria (r = 0.42, p = 0.02). A weak inverse correlation was observed between BAFF and C3 levels (r = 0.25, p = 0.02). No correlation was found between BAFF/APRIL levels and renal SLEDAI scores, renal histopathology, activity, and chronicity index scores. In the active disease group after treatment, there was no significant change in serum BAFF levels, but a significant increase in serum APRIL levels was observed. Conclusion These results suggest that both cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE and that serum BAFF can be valuable as a biomarker in SLE especially in patients with renal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Sari
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suzan Cinar
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yalcinkaya
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Artim-Esen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozluk
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lale Ocal
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Günnur Deniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Inanc
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects small sized blood vessels and can lead to serious complications in the lungs and kidneys. The prominent presence of ANCA autoantibodies in this disease implicates B cells in its pathogenesis, as these are the precursors of the ANCA-producing plasma cells (PCs). Further evidence supporting the potential role of B lineage cells in vasculitis are the increased B cell cytokine levels and the dysregulated B cell populations in patients. Confirmation of the contribution of B cells to pathology arose from the beneficial effect of anti-CD20 therapy (i.e., rituximab) in AAV patients. These anti-CD20 antibodies deplete circulating B cells, which results in amelioration of disease. However, not all patients respond completely, and this treatment does not target PCs, which can maintain ANCA production. Hence, it is important to develop more specific therapies for AAV patients. Intracellular signalling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets as they can show (disease-specific) alterations in certain B lineage cells, including pathogenic B cells, and contribute to differentiation and survival of PCs. Preliminary data on the inhibition of certain signalling molecules downstream of receptors specific for B lineage cells show promising therapeutic effects. In this narrative review, B cell specific receptors and their downstream signalling molecules that may contribute to pathology in AAV are discussed, including the potential to therapeutically target these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merino-Vico
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Piet van Hamburg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.M.-V.); (J.P.v.H.)
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Abstract
Aging is considered to be an important risk factor for several inflammatory diseases. B cells play a major role in chronic inflammatory diseases by antibody secretion, antigen presentation and T cell regulation. Different B cell subsets have been implicated in infections and multiple autoimmune diseases. Since aging decreases B cell numbers, affects B cell subsets and impairs antibody responses, the aged B cell is expected to have major impacts on the development and progression of these diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of B cells in health and disease settings, such as atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, we provide an overview of age-related changes in B cell development and function with respect to their impact in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill de Mol
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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21
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Czaja AJ. Review article: targeting the B cell activation system in autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:902-922. [PMID: 34506662 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B cell activation system, consisting of B cell activating factor and a proliferation-inducing ligand, may have pathogenic effects in autoimmune hepatitis. AIMS To describe the biological actions of the B cell activation system, indicate its possible role in autoimmune diseases, and evaluate its prospects as a therapeutic target in autoimmune hepatitis METHODS: English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. RESULTS The B cell activating factor is crucial for the maturation and survival of B cells, and it can co-stimulate T cell activation, proliferation, and survival. It can also modulate the immune response by inducing interleukin 10 production by regulatory B cells. A proliferation-inducing ligand modulates and diversifies the antibody response by inducing class-switch recombination in B cells. It can also increase the proliferation, survival, and antigen activation of T cells. These immune stimulatory actions can be modulated by inducing proliferation of regulatory T cells. The B cell activation system has been implicated in diverse autoimmune diseases, and therapeutic blockade is a management strategy now being evaluated in autoimmune hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS The B cell activation system has profound effects on B and T cell function in autoimmune diseases. Blockade therapy is being actively evaluated in autoimmune hepatitis. Clarification of the critical pathogenic components of the B cell activation system will improve the targeting, efficacy, and safety of blockade therapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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22
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Müller-Winkler J, Mitter R, Rappe JCF, Vanes L, Schweighoffer E, Mohammadi H, Wack A, Tybulewicz VLJ. Critical requirement for BCR, BAFF, and BAFFR in memory B cell survival. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211510. [PMID: 33119032 PMCID: PMC7604764 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are long-lived cells that form a critical part of immunological memory, providing rapid antibody responses to recurring infections. However, very little is known about signals controlling MBC survival. Previous work has shown that antigen is not required for MBC survival, but a requirement for the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) has not been tested. Other studies have shown that, unlike naive B cells, MBCs do not express BAFFR and their survival is independent of BAFF, the ligand for BAFFR. Here, using inducible genetic ablation, we show that survival of MBCs is critically dependent on the BCR and on signaling through the associated CD79A protein. Unexpectedly, we found that MBCs express BAFFR and that their survival requires BAFF and BAFFR; hence, loss of BAFF or BAFFR impairs recall responses. Finally, we show that MBC survival requires IKK2, a kinase that transduces BAFFR signals. Thus, MBC survival is critically dependent on signaling from BCR and BAFFR.
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Barnabei L, Laplantine E, Mbongo W, Rieux-Laucat F, Weil R. NF-κB: At the Borders of Autoimmunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716469. [PMID: 34434197 PMCID: PMC8381650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory response. In the first part of this review, we discuss the NF-κB inducers, signaling pathways, and regulators involved in immune homeostasis as well as detail the importance of post-translational regulation by ubiquitination in NF-κB function. We also indicate the stages of central and peripheral tolerance where NF-κB plays a fundamental role. With respect to central tolerance, we detail how NF-κB regulates medullary thymic epithelial cell (mTEC) development, homeostasis, and function. Moreover, we elaborate on its role in the migration of double-positive (DP) thymocytes from the thymic cortex to the medulla. With respect to peripheral tolerance, we outline how NF-κB contributes to the inactivation and destruction of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes as well as the differentiation of CD4+-T cell subsets that are implicated in immune tolerance. In the latter half of the review, we describe the contribution of NF-κB to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and autoinflammation. The recent discovery of mutations involving components of the pathway has both deepened our understanding of autoimmune disease and informed new therapeutic approaches to treat these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barnabei
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
| | - William Mbongo
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Robert Weil
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
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Sobieszczuk E, Szczudlik P, Kubiszewska J, Szyluk B, Lipowska M, Dutkiewicz M, Kostera-Pruszczyk A. Lower BAFF Levels in Myasthenic Patients Treated with Glucocorticoids. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:22. [PMID: 34338918 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a member of tumor necrosis factor family, activates B cells, promotes their survival and proliferation. BAFF is considered to have an influence on development of autoimmune diseases including myasthenia gravis (MG). We aimed to evaluate BAFF serum levels in MG patients, their potential connection with therapy and course of MG. Cross-sectional study. Two hundred eighteen adult patients with MG (67% women, age: 18-89 years, 82.6% AChR antibody seropositive (AChRAb(+)). Serum BAFF levels, their relationship with severity of clinical symptoms, therapy conducted, clinical and demographic features and other factors were analyzed. Patients with AChRAb(+) MG demonstrated significantly higher BAFF levels than MuSK-MG patients (831.2 ± 285.4 pg/ml vs. 745.6 ± 633.4 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.030). Serum BAFF levels in women were significantly higher than in men (855.9 ± 302.5 vs. 756.6 ± 289.4, respectively; p = 0.017). Mean serum BAFF level was significantly decreased in patients who were ever treated with corticosteroids (CS) (770.4 ± 327.8 pg/ml vs. 891.3 ± 246.1 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.001). Thymoma-MG patients demonstrated significantly lower BAFF levels (671.2 ± 244.9 vs. 833.5 ± 302.4, respectively; p = 0.044). Thymectomized patients did not differ in BAFF levels from the MG patients who had not undergone thymectomy. In multiple linear regression model, recent CS therapy and male sex were found to be independent predictors of lower BAFF levels. Serum BAFF level is decreased in patients treated with CS, which may suggest inhibiting influence of CS on BAFF-a potential mechanism contributing to the effectiveness of such therapy.
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Schweighoffer E, Tybulewicz VL. BAFF signaling in health and disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:124-131. [PMID: 34352467 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BAFF is a critical cytokine supporting the survival of mature naïve B cells, acting through the BAFFR receptor. Recent studies show that BAFF and BAFFR are also required for the survival of memory B cells, autoimmune B cells as well as malignant chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells. BAFFR cooperates with other receptors, notably the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), a process which is critical for the expansion of autoimmune and CLL cells. This crosstalk may be mediated by TRAF3 which interacts with BAFFR and with CD79A, a signalling subunit of the BCR and the downstream SYK kinase, inhibiting its activity. BAFF binding to BAFFR leads to degradation of TRAF3 which may relieve inhibition of SYK activity transducing signals to pathways required for B cell survival. BAFFR activates both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signalling and both pathways play important roles in the survival of B cells and CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Lj Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Immunology & Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
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26
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Chappaz S, McArthur K, Kealy L, Law CW, Tailler M, Lane RM, Lieschke A, Ritchie ME, Good-Jacobson KL, Strasser A, Kile BT. Homeostatic apoptosis prevents competition-induced atrophy in follicular B cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109430. [PMID: 34289356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is thought to play a central role in shaping the B cell lineage, its precise role in mature B cell homeostasis remains elusive. Using mice in which mature B cells are unable to undergo apoptotic cell death, we show that apoptosis constrains follicular B (FoB) cell lifespan but plays no role in marginal zone B (MZB) cell homeostasis. In these mice, FoB cells accumulate abnormally. This intensifies intercellular competition for BAFF, resulting in a contraction of the MZB cell compartment, and reducing the growth, trafficking, and fitness of FoB cells. Diminished BAFF signaling dampens the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, undermining FoB cell growth despite the concurrent triggering of a protective p53 response. Thus, MZB and FoB cells exhibit a differential requirement for the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Homeostatic apoptosis constrains the size of the FoB cell compartment, thereby preventing competition-induced FoB cell atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chappaz
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia.
| | - Kate McArthur
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Liam Kealy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Charity W Law
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Maximilien Tailler
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Rachael M Lane
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | | | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia; Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 SA, Australia.
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27
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Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor in atherosclerosis development and lipid-lowering drugs (i.e., statins) remain the treatment of choice. Despite effective reduction of LDL cholesterol in patients, a residual cardiovascular risk persists in some individuals, highlighting the need for further therapeutic intervention. Recently, the CANTOS trial paved the way toward the development of specific therapies targeting inflammation, a key feature in atherosclerosis progression. The pre-existence of multiple drugs modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses has significantly accelerated the number of translational studies applying these drugs to atherosclerosis. Additional preclinical research has led to the discovery of new therapeutic targets, offering promising perspectives for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. Currently, both drugs with selective targeting and broad unspecific anti-inflammatory effects have been tested. In this chapter, we aim to give an overview of current advances in immunomodulatory treatment approaches for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Deroissart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Wu Y, Xin M, Han Q, Wang J, Yin X, He J, Yin C. Extensive serum biomarker analysis in the prethrombotic state of recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6679-6694. [PMID: 34132454 PMCID: PMC8278118 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prethrombotic state (PTS) is a possible cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The aim of this study was to identify serum biomarkers for the detection of RSA with PTS (PSRSA). A Quantibody array 440 was used to screen novel serum‐based biomarkers for PSRSA/NRSA (RSA without PTS). Proteins differentially expressed in PSRSA were analysed using bioinformatics methods and subjected to a customized array and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) validation. We used receiver operating characteristic to calculate diagnostic accuracy, and machine learning methods to establish a biomarker model for evaluation of the identified targets. 20 targets were selected for validation using a customized array, and seven targets via ELISA. The decision tree model showed that IL‐24 was the first node and eotaxin‐3 was the second node distinguishing the PSRSA and NRSA groups (an accuracy rate of 100% and an AUC of 1). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) as the node distinguished the PSRSA and NC groups (an accuracy rate of 100% and an AUC of 1). EGF as the node distinguished the NRSA and NC groups (an accuracy rate of 96.5% and an AUC of 0.998). Serum DNAM‐1, BAFF, CNTF, LAG‐3, IL‐24, Eotaxin‐3 and EGF represent a panel of promising diagnostic biomarkers to detect the PSRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Xin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshang Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqin He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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29
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Madhur MS, Elijovich F, Alexander MR, Pitzer A, Ishimwe J, Van Beusecum JP, Patrick DM, Smart CD, Kleyman TR, Kingery J, Peck RN, Laffer CL, Kirabo A. Hypertension: Do Inflammation and Immunity Hold the Key to Solving this Epidemic? Circ Res 2021; 128:908-933. [PMID: 33793336 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elevated cardiovascular risk including stroke, heart failure, and heart attack is present even after normalization of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Underlying immune cell activation is a likely culprit. Although immune cells are important for protection against invading pathogens, their chronic overactivation may lead to tissue damage and high blood pressure. Triggers that may initiate immune activation include viral infections, autoimmunity, and lifestyle factors such as excess dietary salt. These conditions activate the immune system either directly or through their impact on the gut microbiome, which ultimately produces chronic inflammation and hypertension. T cells are central to the immune responses contributing to hypertension. They are activated in part by binding specific antigens that are presented in major histocompatibility complex molecules on professional antigen-presenting cells, and they generate repertoires of rearranged T-cell receptors. Activated T cells infiltrate tissues and produce cytokines including interleukin 17A, which promote renal and vascular dysfunction and end-organ damage leading to hypertension. In this comprehensive review, we highlight environmental, genetic, and microbial associated mechanisms contributing to both innate and adaptive immune cell activation leading to hypertension. Targeting the underlying chronic immune cell activation in hypertension has the potential to mitigate the excess cardiovascular risk associated with this common and deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena S Madhur
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S.M., M.R.A., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University (M.S.M., C.D.S., A.K.)
| | - Fernando Elijovich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew R Alexander
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S.M., M.R.A., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ashley Pitzer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeanne Ishimwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Justin P Van Beusecum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David M Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.S.M., M.R.A., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Charles D Smart
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University (M.S.M., C.D.S., A.K.)
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.R.K.)
| | - Justin Kingery
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY (J.K., R.N.P.).,Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania (J.K., R.N.P.)
| | - Robert N Peck
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY (J.K., R.N.P.).,Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania (J.K., R.N.P.).,Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU), Mwanza, Tanzania (R.N.P.)
| | - Cheryl L Laffer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (M.S.M., F.E., M.R.A., A.P., J.I., J.P.V.B., D.M.P., C.D.S., C.L.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University (M.S.M., C.D.S., A.K.)
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30
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Abstract
Biologics targeting inflammation-related molecules in the immune system have been developed to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and these RA treatments have provided revolutionary advances. Biologics may also be an effective treatment for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, particularly in patients with resistance to standard treatments. Despite the accumulation of clinical experience and the increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of vasculitis, it is becoming more difficult to cure vasculitis. The treatment of vasculitis with biologics has been examined in clinical trials, and this has also enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of vasculitis. A humanized anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody known as mepolizumab was recently demonstrated to provide clinical benefit in the management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in refractory and relapsing disease, and additional new drugs for vasculitis are being tested in clinical trials, while others are in abeyance. This review presents the new findings regarding biologics in addition to the conventional immunosuppressive therapy for ANCA-associated vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nozaki
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Japan
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31
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Chen Y, Dale BL, Alexander MR, Xiao L, Ao M, Pandey AK, Smart CD, Davis GK, Madhur MS. Class switching and high-affinity immunoglobulin G production by B cells is dispensable for the development of hypertension in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1217-1228. [PMID: 32609312 PMCID: PMC7983008 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Elevated serum immunoglobulins have been associated with experimental and human hypertension for decades but whether immunoglobulins and B cells play a causal role in hypertension pathology is unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the role of B cells and high-affinity class-switched immunoglobulins on hypertension and hypertensive end-organ damage to determine if they might represent viable therapeutic targets for this disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We purified serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) from mice exposed to vehicle or angiotensin (Ang) II to induce hypertension and adoptively transferred these to wild type (WT) recipient mice receiving a subpressor dose of Ang II. We found that transfer of IgG from hypertensive animals does not affect blood pressure, endothelial function, renal inflammation, albuminuria, or T cell-derived cytokine production compared with transfer of IgG from vehicle infused animals. As an alternative approach to investigate the role of high-affinity, class-switched immunoglobulins, we studied mice with genetic deletion of activation-induced deaminase (Aicda-/-). These mice have elevated levels of IgM but virtual absence of class-switched immunoglobulins such as IgG subclasses and IgA. Neither male nor female Aicda-/- mice were protected from Ang II-induced hypertension and renal/vascular damage. To determine if IgM or non-immunoglobulin-dependent innate functions of B cells play a role in hypertension, we studied mice with severe global B-cell deficiency due to deletion of the membrane exon of the IgM heavy chain (µMT-/-). µMT-/- mice were also not protected from hypertension or end-organ damage induced by Ang II infusion or deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that B cells and serum immunoglobulins do not play a causal role in hypertension pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bethany L Dale
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew R Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, VUMC, 2215 Garland Avenue, P415D MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mingfang Ao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, VUMC, 2215 Garland Avenue, P415D MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Arvind K Pandey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, VUMC, 2215 Garland Avenue, P415D MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles D Smart
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gwendolyn K Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, VUMC, 2215 Garland Avenue, P415D MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meena S Madhur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, VUMC, 2215 Garland Avenue, P415D MRB IV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
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32
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Aradottir Pind AA, Molina Estupiñan JL, Magnusdottir GJ, Del Giudice G, Jonsdottir I, Bjarnarson SP. LT-K63 Enhances B Cell Activation and Survival Factors in Neonatal Mice That Translates Into Long-Lived Humoral Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:527310. [PMID: 33193301 PMCID: PMC7644473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.527310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants enhance magnitude and duration of immune responses induced by vaccines. In this study we assessed in neonatal mice if and how the adjuvant LT-K63 given with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Pnc1-TT, could affect the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) superfamily members, known to be involved in the initiation and maintenance of antibody responses; B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and their ligands, BAFF, and a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL). Initially we assessed the maturation status of different B cell populations and their expression of BAFF-R and BCMA. Neonatal mice had dramatically fewer B cells than adult mice and the composition of different subsets within the B cell pool differed greatly. Proportionally newly formed B cells were most abundant, but they had diminished BAFF-R expression which could explain low proportions of marginal zone and follicular B cells observed. Limited BCMA expression was also detected in neonatal pre-plasmablasts/plasmablasts. LT-K63 enhanced vaccine-induced BAFF-R expression in splenic marginal zone, follicular and newly formed B cells, leading to increased plasmablast/plasma cells, and their enhanced expression of BCMA in spleen and bone marrow. Additionally, the induction of BAFF and APRIL expression occurred early in neonatal mice immunized with Pnc1-TT either with or without LT-K63. However, BAFF+ and APRIL+ cells in spleens were maintained at a higher level in mice that received the adjuvant. Furthermore, the early increase of APRIL+ cells in bone marrow was more profound in mice immunized with vaccine and adjuvant. Finally, we assessed, for the first time in neonatal mice, accessory cells of the plasma cell niche in bone marrow and their secretion of APRIL. We found that LT-K63 enhanced the frequency and APRIL expression of eosinophils, macrophages, and megakaryocytes, which likely contributed to plasma cell survival, even though APRIL+ cells showed a fast decline. All this was associated with enhanced, sustained vaccine-specific antibody-secreting cells in bone marrow and persisting vaccine-specific serum antibodies. Our study sheds light on the mechanisms behind the adjuvanticity of LT-K63 and identifies molecular pathways that should be triggered by vaccine adjuvants to induce sustained humoral immunity in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audur Anna Aradottir Pind
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jenny Lorena Molina Estupiñan
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudbjorg Julia Magnusdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stefania P Bjarnarson
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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33
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Hashemzadeh K, Fatemipour M, Zahra Mirfeizi S, Jokar M, Shariati Sarabi Z, Hatef Fard MR, Rafatpanah H, Khodashahi M. Serum B cell activating factor (BAFF) and sarcoidosis activity. Arch Rheumatol 2020; 36:72-79. [PMID: 34046571 PMCID: PMC8140877 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2021.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to determine the relationship between the severity of sarcoidosis and serum B-cell activating factor (BAFF) concentrations. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2015 and March 2018 on 55 patients with sarcoidosis (16 males, 39 females; mean age, 39.9; range 25 to 60 years) and 28 healthy subjects (7 males, 20 females; mean age, 39; range 25 to 60 years). The sarcoidosis patients were divided into active chronic sarcoidosis and acute sarcoidosis groups. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was based on clinical, radiological, and pathologic findings. Also, the diagnosis of the active disease was based on the level of angiotensin-converting enzyme, active skin, eye, and lung lesions. Scadding score was also measured, and other patient information was collected by pre-designed questionnaires. Results The most involved organs were the skin (92.7%) and joints (92.3%), respectively. The mean BAFF concentration in both active chronic sarcoidosis (p=0.001) and acute sarcoidosis (p=0.001) groups was significantly higher than the control group, but the mean level of BAFF in these two groups was not significantly different (p=0.351). Between two groups of patients, only calcium (p=0.001) and forced vital capacity (p=0.021) were higher in the acute group of sarcoidosis. Also, among the factors associated with active chronic sarcoidosis and acute sarcoidosis, none was significantly correlated with BAFF. Conclusion Serum BAFF concentration was higher in patients with sarcoidosis, while this was not significantly different from increasing severity of symptoms. There was no significant difference in BAFF levels between acute sarcoidosis and active chronic types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Hashemzadeh
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Fatemipour
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyede Zahra Mirfeizi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadhasan Jokar
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Shariati Sarabi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Department of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mandana Khodashahi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Irure-Ventura J, San Segundo D, Rodrigo E, Merino D, Belmar-Vega L, Ruiz San Millán JC, Valero R, Benito A, López-Hoyos M. High Pretransplant BAFF Levels and B-cell Subset Polarized towards a Memory Phenotype as Predictive Biomarkers for Antibody-Mediated Rejection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030779. [PMID: 31991734 PMCID: PMC7037386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AbMR) is one of the leading causes of graft loss in kidney transplantation and B cells play an important role in the development of it. A B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a cytokine involved in B cell ontogeny. Here, we analyzed whether B cell maturation and the effect of B cell soluble factors, such as BAFF could be involved in AbMR. Serum BAFF levels and B and T cell subpopulations were analyzed 109 kidney transplant patients before transplantation and at 6 and 12 months after kidney transplantation. Pretransplant serum BAFF levels as well as memory B cell subpopulations were significantly higher in those patients who suffered clinical AbMR during the first 12 months after kidney transplantation. Similar results were observed in the prospective analysis of patients with subclinical antibody-mediated rejection detected in the surveillance biopsy performed at 12 months after kidney transplantation. A multivariate analysis confirmed the independent role of BAFF in the development of AbMR, irrespective of other classical variables. Pretransplant serum BAFF levels could be an important non-invasive biomarker for the prediction of the development of AbMR and posttransplant increased serum BAFF levels contribute to AbMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Irure-Ventura
- Immunology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain; (J.I.-V.); (D.S.S.)
| | - David San Segundo
- Immunology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain; (J.I.-V.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Emilio Rodrigo
- Nephrology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain, (L.B.-V.); (J.C.R.S.M.); (R.V.)
| | - David Merino
- Health Research Institute-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain; (D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Lara Belmar-Vega
- Nephrology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain, (L.B.-V.); (J.C.R.S.M.); (R.V.)
| | - Juan Carlos Ruiz San Millán
- Nephrology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain, (L.B.-V.); (J.C.R.S.M.); (R.V.)
| | - Rosalía Valero
- Nephrology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain, (L.B.-V.); (J.C.R.S.M.); (R.V.)
| | - Adalberto Benito
- Health Research Institute-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain; (D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Immunology Department. University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain; (J.I.-V.); (D.S.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.-H.); Tel.: +34-942-202520 (ext. 73225)
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Hamilton JA, Hsu HC, Mountz JD. Autoreactive B cells in SLE, villains or innocent bystanders? Immunol Rev 2019; 292:120-138. [PMID: 31631359 PMCID: PMC6935412 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current concepts for development of autoreactive B cells in SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) focus on extrinsic stimuli and factors that provoke B cells into tolerance loss. Traditionally, major tolerance loss pathways are thought to be regulated by factors outside the B cell including autoantigen engagement of the B-cell receptor (BCR) with simultaneous type I interferon (IFN) produced by dendritic cells, especially plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Later, in autoreactive follicles, B-cells encounter T-follicular helper cells (Tfh) that produce interleukin (IL)-21, IL-4 and pathogenic cytokines, IL-17 and IFN gamma (IFNɣ). This review discusses these mechanisms and also highlights recent advances pointing to the peripheral transitional B-cell stage as a major juncture where transient autocrine IFNβ expression by developing B-cells imprints a heightened susceptibility to external factors favoring differentiation into autoantibody-producing plasmablasts. Recent studies highlight transitional B-cell heterogeneity as a determinant of intrinsic resistance or susceptibility to tolerance loss through the shaping of B-cell responsiveness to cytokines and other environment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John D Mountz
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Gordon C, Bassi R, Chang P, Kao A, Jayne D, Wofsy D, Fleuranceau-Morel P. Integrated safety profile of atacicept: an analysis of pooled data from the atacicept clinical trial programme. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2019; 3:rkz021. [PMID: 31528843 PMCID: PMC6735746 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the overall safety profile of atacicept, we conducted an integrated analysis of pooled safety data from all 17 clinical studies to date. Methods Three data sets were used to investigate safety endpoints: a double-blind placebo-controlled set (n = 1568), an SLE set (n = 761) and a full analysis set (n = 1845; including all 17 studies). Results Of 1568 patients in the double-blind placebo-controlled-set, 30.8% received placebo, and 8.2, 24.5 and 36.5% received atacicept 25, 75 and 150 mg, respectively. Treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) rates (adjusted by treatment-exposure) were generally higher with atacicept vs placebo, but no consistent association was found between atacicept dose and specific TEAEs or mortality. Serious infection and serious TEAE rates were similar for atacicept and placebo. The TEAE-related discontinuation rates were higher with atacicept vs placebo (16.1 vs 10.9/100 patient-years). In the full analysis set, 11 deaths occurred during treatment. Across indications, exposure-adjusted mortality rates/100 patient-years (95% CI) were 3.60 (0.90, 14.38), 0.34 (0.05, 2.43) and 1.18 (0.49, 2.82) with atacicept 25, 75 and 150 mg, respectively, and 0.44 (0.06, 3.12) with placebo. In SLE patients, exposure-adjusted mortality rates were 1.45 (0.54, 3.87) with atacicept 150 mg and 0.78 (0.29, 2.07) across all atacicept-treated patients. No deaths occurred with atacicept 75 mg or placebo. In the SLE and double-blind placebo-controlled sets, pharmacodynamic effects of atacicept were not associated with increased infection rates. Conclusion The results of this integrated safety analysis support further development and evaluation of atacicept in selected patients for whom potential benefits might outweigh risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roberto Bassi
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (A Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Peter Chang
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (A Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Amy Kao
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (A Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Billerica, MA, USA
| | - David Jayne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Wofsy
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Fleuranceau-Morel
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (A Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Billerica, MA, USA
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Paiano J, Harland M, Strainic MG, Nedrud J, Hussain W, Medof ME. Follicular B2 Cell Activation and Class Switch Recombination Depend on Autocrine C3ar1/C5ar1 Signaling in B2 Cells. J Immunol 2019; 203:379-388. [PMID: 31217324 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of complement in B2 cell responses has been regarded as occurring strictly via complement components in plasma. In this study, we show that Ab production and class switch recombination (CSR) depend on autocrine C3a and C5a receptor (C3ar1/C5ar1) signaling in B2 cells. CD40 upregulation, IL-6 production, growth in response to BAFF or APRIL, and AID/Bcl-6 expression, as well as follicular CD4+ cell CD21 production, all depended on this signal transduction. OVA immunization of C3ar1-/-C5ar1-/- mice elicited IgM Ab but no other isotypes, whereas decay accelerating factor (Daf1)-/- mice elicited more robust Ab production and CSR than wild-type (WT) mice. Comparable differences occurred in OVA-immunized μMT recipients of WT, C3ar1-/-C5ar1-/- , and Daf1-/- B2 cells and in hen egg lysozyme-immunized μMT recipients of MD4 B2 cells on each genetic background. B2 cells produced factor I and C3 and autophosphorylated CD19. Immunized C3-/-C5-/- recipients of WT MD4 bone marrow efficiently produced Ab. Thus, B2 cell-produced complement participates in B2 cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Paiano
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Micah Harland
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Michael G Strainic
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - John Nedrud
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wasim Hussain
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - M Edward Medof
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Eibel H, Winkler T, Ceredig R. Editorial: Making Science Fun - A Tribute to Our Colleague and Friend, Prof. Antonius G. Rolink (1953-2017). Front Immunol 2019; 9:2915. [PMID: 30619279 PMCID: PMC6306044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Eibel
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rhodri Ceredig
- Discipline of Physiology, College of Medicine and Nursing Health Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Idda M, Lodde V, McClusky W, Martindale J, Yang X, Munk R, Steri M, Orrù V, Mulas A, Cucca F, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Cooperative translational control of polymorphic BAFF by NF90 and miR-15a. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:12040-12051. [PMID: 30272251 PMCID: PMC6294513 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in untranslated regions (UTRs) of disease-associated mRNAs can alter protein production. We recently identified a genetic variant in the 3'UTR of the TNFSF13B gene, encoding the cytokine BAFF (B-cell-activating factor), that generates an alternative polyadenylation site yielding a shorter, more actively translated variant, BAFF-var mRNA. Accordingly, individuals bearing the TNFSF13B variant had higher circulating BAFF and elevated risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms controlling the enhanced translation of BAFF-var mRNA. We identified nuclear factor 90 (NF90, also known as ILF3) as an RNA-binding protein that bound preferentially the wild-type (BAFF-WT mRNA) but not BAFF-var mRNA in human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells. NF90 selectively suppressed BAFF translation by recruiting miR-15a to the 3'UTR of BAFF-WT mRNA. Our results uncover a paradigm whereby an autoimmunity-causing BAFF polymorphism prevents NF90-mediated recruitment of microRNAs to suppress BAFF translation, raising the levels of disease-associated BAFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Idda
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Valeria Lodde
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Waverly G McClusky
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Abstract
The BAFF-receptor (BAFFR) is encoded by the TNFRSF13C gene and is one of the main pro-survival receptors in B cells. Its function is impressively documented in humans by a homozygous deletion within exon 2, which leads to an almost complete block of B cell development at the stage of immature/transitional B cells. The resulting immunodeficiency is characterized by B-lymphopenia, agammaglobulinemia, and impaired humoral immune responses. However, different from mutations affecting pathway components coupled to B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, BAFFR-deficient B cells can still develop into IgA-secreting plasma cells. Therefore, BAFFR deficiency in humans is characterized by very few circulating B cells, very low IgM and IgG serum concentrations but normal or high IgA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian R Smulski
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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41
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Mcclure M, Gopaluni S, Jayne D, Jones R. B cell therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis: current and emerging treatment options. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:580-91. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Ando M, Goto A, Takeno Y, Yamasue M, Komiya K, Umeki K, Nureki SI, Miyazaki E, Kadota JI. Significant elevation of the levels of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in patients with sarcoidosis. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:2833-8. [PMID: 29936689 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plays an important role in the survival and differentiation of B-cells and production of antibodies. Recent studies show that the serum BAFF levels are elevated in patients with sarcoidosis; however, they have not studied the relationship of the finding with the clinical features of the disease. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the BAFF and to elucidate the relationship between BAFF levels and the disease activity or severity of sarcoidosis. Eighty-eight patients with sarcoidosis and 21 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the present study. The BAFF levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To assess the disease severity, we examined the number of affected organs, Schadding stages, respiratory function impairment (RFI), and the scoring system developed by Wasfi et al. The serum BAFF levels in sarcoidosis patients were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers (median 1553.0 vs 984.6 pg/ml, p < 0.001). There were positive correlations between the serum BAFF level and disease activity markers. In addition, there were positive correlations between the BAFF levels and the disease severity score in both the serum (R = 0.367, p < 0.001) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (R = 0.376, p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that the BAFF levels in both the serum and BALF were positively correlated with the disease activity markers and disease severity. BAFF may be useful as an indicator of both the disease activity and severity.
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Wilhelmson AS, Lantero Rodriguez M, Stubelius A, Fogelstrand P, Johansson I, Buechler MB, Lianoglou S, Kapoor VN, Johansson ME, Fagman JB, Duhlin A, Tripathi P, Camponeschi A, Porse BT, Rolink AG, Nissbrandt H, Turley SJ, Carlsten H, Mårtensson IL, Karlsson MCI, Tivesten Å. Testosterone is an endogenous regulator of BAFF and splenic B cell number. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2067. [PMID: 29802242 PMCID: PMC5970247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency in men is associated with increased risk for autoimmunity and increased B cell numbers through unknown mechanisms. Here we show that testosterone regulates the cytokine BAFF, an essential survival factor for B cells. Male mice lacking the androgen receptor have increased splenic B cell numbers, serum BAFF levels and splenic Baff mRNA. Testosterone deficiency by castration causes expansion of BAFF-producing fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in spleen, which may be coupled to lower splenic noradrenaline levels in castrated males, as an α-adrenergic agonist decreases splenic FRC number in vitro. Antibody-mediated blockade of the BAFF receptor or treatment with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine revert the increased splenic B cell numbers induced by castration. Among healthy men, serum BAFF levels are higher in men with low testosterone. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized regulation of BAFF by testosterone and raises important questions about BAFF in testosterone-mediated protection against autoimmunity. Testosterone deficiency is associated with autoimmunity and increased B cell numbers, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here the authors show that testosterone may modulate the production of B cell survival factor BAFF by fibroblastic reticular cells via regulation of splenic neurotransmitter levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Wilhelmson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC); Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløesvej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marta Lantero Rodriguez
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Vita Stråket 11, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Johansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew B Buechler
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Steve Lianoglou
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Varun N Kapoor
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan B Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda Duhlin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Alessandro Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo T Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC); Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløesvej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Antonius G Rolink
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Nissbrandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Vita Stråket 11, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Chiu YH, Chung CH, Lin KT, Lin CS, Chen JH, Chen HC, Huang RY, Wu CT, Liu FC, Chien WC. Predictable biomarkers of developing lymphoma in patients with Sjögren syndrome: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50098-50108. [PMID: 28177920 PMCID: PMC5564832 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is commonly known to be correlated with lymphoma. This study included 16,396 individuals in the SS cohort and 65,584 individuals in the non-SS cohort, all of whom were enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance database between 2000 and 2010. We evaluated the risk factors of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the primary SS cohort by applying a Cox multivariable proportional-hazards model. We increased the correlation of patients with SS and NHL, with an adjusted HR of 4.314 (95% CI 2.784 – 6.685). Of the 16,396 SS patients, 66 individuals had salivary gland slices without NHL development, while the other 16,330 individuals that did not have salivary gland slices revealed 30 individuals that developed NHL. Of the 16,396 SS patients, 128 individuals underwent immunomodulator agent therapy (including hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, cyclosporine, methotrexate, and rituximab) without NHL development. None of the 30 individuals that developed NHL from SS received immunomodulator agents. We found that patients with SS were at an increased risk of developing NHL, with the most common NHL subgroup being diffused large B-cell lymphoma. SS patients who were candidates for salivary gland slices or immunomodulator agents were associated with a lower risk of developing lymphoma over time. We recommend that patients at a higher risk upon diagnosis of SS receive close follow-up and aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergies, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Tze Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergies, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Yeong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tsung Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergies, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Tanabe S, Yamashita T. B-1a lymphocytes promote oligodendrogenesis during brain development. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:506-16. [PMID: 29507409 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During brain development, the immune system mediates neurogenesis, gliogenesis and synapse formation. However, it remains unclear whether peripheral lymphocytes contribute to brain development. Here we identified the subtypes of lymphocytes that are present in neonatal mouse brains and investigated their functions. We found that B-1a cells, a subtype of B cells, were abundant in the neonatal mouse brain and infiltrated into the brain in a CXCL13-CXCR5-dependent manner. B-1a cells promoted the proliferation of oligodendrocyte-precursor cells (OPCs) in vitro, and depletion of B-1a cells from developing brains resulted in a reduction of numbers of OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, neutralizing Fcα/μR, the receptor for the Fc region of IgM secreted by B-1a cells, inhibited OPC proliferation and reduced the proportion of myelinated axons in neonatal mouse brains. Our results demonstrate that B-1a cells infiltrate into the brain and contribute to oligodendrogenesis and myelination by promoting OPC proliferation via IgM-Fcα/μR signaling.
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Saghafian-hedengren S, Söderström I, Sverremark-ekström E, Nilsson A. Insights into defective serological memory after acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treatment: The role of the plasma cell survival niche, memory B-cells and gut microbiota in vaccine responses. Blood Rev 2018; 32:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
The B cell-stimulating molecules, BAFF (B cell activating factor) and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand), are critical factors in the maintenance of the B cell pool and humoral immunity. In addition, BAFF and APRIL are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of human autoimmune diseases, with elevated levels of these cytokines detected in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), IgA nephropathy, Sjögren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. As such, both molecules are rational targets for new therapies in B cell-driven autoimmune diseases, and several inhibitors of BAFF or BAFF and APRIL together have been investigated in clinical trials. These include the BAFF/APRIL dual inhibitor, atacicept, and the BAFF inhibitor, belimumab, which is approved as an add-on therapy for patients with active SLE. Post hoc analyses of these trials indicate that baseline serum levels of BAFF and BAFF/APRIL correlate with treatment response to belimumab and atacicept, respectively, suggesting a role for the two molecules as predictive biomarkers. It will, however, be important to refine future testing to identify active forms of BAFF and APRIL in the circulation, as well as to distinguish between homotrimer and heteromer configurations. In this review, we discuss the rationale for dual BAFF/APRIL inhibition versus single BAFF inhibition in autoimmune disease, by focusing on the similarities and differences between the physiological and pathogenic roles of the two molecules. A summary of the preclinical and clinical data currently available is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Samy
- a EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Stephen Wax
- a EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Bertrand Huard
- b Institute for Advanced Biosciences , University Grenoble Alpes , INSERM U1209, Grenoble , France
| | | | - Pascal Schneider
- d Department of Biochemistry , University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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48
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Abstract
The number of mature B cells is carefully controlled by signalling from receptors that support B cell survival. The best studied of these are the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and BAFFR. Recent work has shown that signalling from these receptors is closely linked, involves the CD19 co-receptor, and leads to activation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways, ERK1, ERK2 and ERK5 MAP kinases, and PI-3 kinases. Importantly, studies show that investigation of the importance of signalling molecules in cell survival requires the use of inducible gene deletions within mature B cells. This overcomes the limitations of many earlier studies using constitutive gene deletions which were unable to distinguish between requirements for a protein in development versus survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Lj Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Bertocci B, Lecoeuche D, Sterlin D, Kühn J, Gaillard B, De Smet A, Lembo F, Bole-Feysot C, Cagnard N, Fadeev T, Dahan A, Weill JC, Reynaud CA. Klhl6 Deficiency Impairs Transitional B Cell Survival and Differentiation. J Immunol 2017; 199:2408-2420. [PMID: 28807996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Klhl6 belongs to the KLHL gene family, which is composed of an N-terminal BTB-POZ domain and four to six Kelch motifs in tandem. Several of these proteins function as adaptors of the Cullin3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. In this article, we report that Klhl6 deficiency induces, as previously described, a 2-fold reduction in mature B cells. However, we find that this deficit is centered on the inability of transitional type 1 B cells to survive and to progress toward the transitional type 2 B cell stage, whereas cells that have passed this step generate normal germinal centers (GCs) upon a T-dependent immune challenge. Klhl6-deficient type 1 B cells showed a 2-fold overexpression of genes linked with cell proliferation, including most targets of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome complex, a set of genes whose expression is precisely downmodulated upon culture of splenic transitional B cells in the presence of BAFF. These results thus suggest a delay in the differentiation process of Klhl6-deficient B cells between the immature and transitional stage. We further show, in the BL2 Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, that KLHL6 interacts with Cullin3, but also that it binds to HBXIP/Lamtor5, a protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and cytokinesis. Finally, we report that KLHL6, which is recurrently mutated in B cell lymphomas, is an off-target of the normal somatic hypermutation process taking place in GC B cells in both mice and humans, thus leaving open whether, despite the lack of impact of Klhl6 deficiency on GC B cell expansion, mutants could contribute to the oncogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bertocci
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France;
| | - Damiana Lecoeuche
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Delphine Sterlin
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Julius Kühn
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University Medicine Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Baptiste Gaillard
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Annie De Smet
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Frederique Lembo
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068-CNRS UMR7258, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Plateforme de Génomique, Imagine Institut des Maladies Génétiques-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM 1163 and INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, Université Paris Descartes-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Tatiana Fadeev
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Auriel Dahan
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France;
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50
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Comarmond C, Garrido M, Pol S, Desbois AC, Costopoulos M, Le Garff-Tavernier M, Si Ahmed SN, Alric L, Fontaine H, Bellier B, Maciejewski A, Rosenzwajg M, Klatzmann D, Musset L, Poynard T, Cacoub P, Saadoun D. Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy Restores Immune Tolerance to Patients With Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Cryoglobulinemia Vasculitis. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:2052-2062.e2. [PMID: 28274850 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies are effective in patients with hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (HCV-CV). We analyzed blood samples from patients with HCV-CV before and after DAA therapy to determine mechanisms of these drugs and their effects on cellular immunity. METHODS We performed a prospective study of 27 consecutive patients with HCV-CV (median age, 59 y) treated with DAA therapy (21 patients received sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 24 weeks, 4 patients received sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir for 12 weeks, and 2 patients received sofosbuvir plus simeprevir for 12 weeks) in Paris, France. Blood samples were collected from these patients before and after DAA therapy, and also from 12 healthy donors and 12 individuals with HCV infection without CV. HCV load, cryoglobulins, and cytokines were quantified by flow cytometry, cytokine multiplex assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Twenty-four patients (88.9%) had a complete clinical response of CV to DAA therapy at week 24, defined by improvement of all the affected organs and the absence of relapse. Compared with healthy donors and patients with HCV infection without CV, patients with HCV-CV, before DAA therapy, had a lower percentage of CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ regulatory T cells (P < .01), but higher proportions of IgM+CD21-/low memory B cells (P < .05), CD4+IFNγ+ cells (P < .01), CD4+IL17A+ cells (P < .01), and CD4+CXCR5+interleukin 21+ follicular T-helper (Tfh) cells (P < .01). In patients with HCV-CV, there was a negative correlation between numbers of IgM+CD21-/low memory B cells and T-regulatory cells (P = .03), and positive correlations with numbers of Tfh cells (P = .03) and serum levels of cryoglobulin (P = .01). DAA therapy increased patients' numbers of T-regulatory cells (1.5% ± 0.18% before therapy vs 2.1% ± 0.18% after therapy), decreased percentages of IgM+CD21-/low memory B cells (35.7% ± 6.1% before therapy vs 14.9% ± 3.8% after therapy), and decreased numbers of Tfh cells (12% ± 1.3% before therapy vs 8% ± 0.9% after therapy). Expression levels of B lymphocyte stimulator receptor 3 and programmed cell death 1 on B cells increased in patients with HCV-CV after DAA-based therapy (mean fluorescence units, 37 ± 2.4 before therapy vs 47 ± 2.6 after therapy, P < .01; and 29 ± 7.3 before therapy vs 48 ± 9.3 after therapy, P < .05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In a prospective clinical trial of patients with HCV-CV, DAA-based therapy restored disturbances in peripheral B- and T-cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Comarmond
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (département hospitalo-unniversitaire i2B), Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, unité mixte de recherche 7211, Paris, France; INSERM, unité mixte de recherche_S 959, Paris, France; centre national de recherche et de santé, FRE3632, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Garrido
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (département hospitalo-unniversitaire i2B), Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, unité mixte de recherche 7211, Paris, France; INSERM, unité mixte de recherche_S 959, Paris, France; centre national de recherche et de santé, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Department of Hepatology, assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Claire Desbois
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (département hospitalo-unniversitaire i2B), Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, unité mixte de recherche 7211, Paris, France; INSERM, unité mixte de recherche_S 959, Paris, France; centre national de recherche et de santé, FRE3632, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Myrto Costopoulos
- Biological Hematology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Purpan, unité mixte de recherche 152, institut de recherche pour le développement Toulouse 3 University, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- Department of Hepatology, assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Bellier
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (département hospitalo-unniversitaire i2B), Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, unité mixte de recherche 7211, Paris, France; INSERM, unité mixte de recherche_S 959, Paris, France; centre national de recherche et de santé, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Anna Maciejewski
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (département hospitalo-unniversitaire i2B), Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, unité mixte de recherche 7211, Paris, France; INSERM, unité mixte de recherche_S 959, Paris, France; centre national de recherche et de santé, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Rosenzwajg
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (département hospitalo-unniversitaire i2B), Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, unité mixte de recherche 7211, Paris, France; INSERM, unité mixte de recherche_S 959, Paris, France; centre national de recherche et de santé, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (département hospitalo-unniversitaire i2B), Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, unité mixte de recherche 7211, Paris, France; INSERM, unité mixte de recherche_S 959, Paris, France; centre national de recherche et de santé, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Musset
- Department of Immunology, unité fonctionnelle d'Immunochimie et d'Autoimmunité, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Poynard
- Department of Hepatology, unité mixte de recherche_S 938, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (département hospitalo-unniversitaire i2B), Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, unité mixte de recherche 7211, Paris, France; INSERM, unité mixte de recherche_S 959, Paris, France; centre national de recherche et de santé, FRE3632, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - David Saadoun
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (département hospitalo-unniversitaire i2B), Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, unité mixte de recherche 7211, Paris, France; INSERM, unité mixte de recherche_S 959, Paris, France; centre national de recherche et de santé, FRE3632, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Paris, France.
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