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Sarden N, Sinha S, Potts KG, Pernet E, Hiroki CH, Hassanabad MF, Nguyen AP, Lou Y, Farias R, Winston BW, Bromley A, Snarr BD, Zucoloto AZ, Andonegui G, Muruve DA, McDonald B, Sheppard DC, Mahoney DJ, Divangahi M, Rosin N, Biernaskie J, Yipp BG. A B1a-natural IgG-neutrophil axis is impaired in viral- and steroid-associated aspergillosis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabq6682. [PMID: 36475902 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lung naturally resists Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) in healthy individuals, but multiple conditions can disrupt this resistance, leading to lethal invasive infections. Core processes of natural resistance and its breakdown are undefined. We investigated three distinct conditions predisposing to lethal aspergillosis-severe SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection, influenza A viral pneumonia, and systemic corticosteroid use-in human patients and murine models. We found a conserved and essential coupling of innate B1a lymphocytes, Af-binding natural immunoglobulin G antibodies, and lung neutrophils. Failure of this axis concealed Af from neutrophils, allowing rapid fungal invasion and disease. Reconstituting the axis with immunoglobulin therapy reestablished resistance, thus representing a realistic pathway to repurpose currently available therapies. Together, we report a vital host resistance pathway that is responsible for protecting against life-threatening aspergillosis in the context of distinct susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sarden
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sarthak Sinha
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Kyle G Potts
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3JI, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carlos H Hiroki
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mortaza F Hassanabad
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Angela P Nguyen
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yuefei Lou
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Raquel Farias
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Brent W Winston
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amy Bromley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Brendan D Snarr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Amanda Z Zucoloto
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Graciela Andonegui
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Daniel A Muruve
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Braedon McDonald
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3JI, Canada
| | - Douglas J Mahoney
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3JI, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nicole Rosin
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Bryan G Yipp
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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2
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Gissler MC, Stachon P, Wolf D, Marchini T. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Associated Factors (TRAFs) in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:826630. [PMID: 35252400 PMCID: PMC8891542 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.826630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs) represent a family of cytoplasmic signaling adaptor proteins that regulate, bundle, and transduce inflammatory signals downstream of TNF- (TNF-Rs), interleukin (IL)-1-, Toll-like- (TLRs), and IL-17 receptors. TRAFs play a pivotal role in regulating cell survival and immune cell function and are fundamental regulators of acute and chronic inflammation. Lately, the inhibition of inflammation by anti-cytokine therapy has emerged as novel treatment strategy in patients with atherosclerosis. Likewise, growing evidence from preclinical experiments proposes TRAFs as potent modulators of inflammation in atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Yet, TRAFs show a highly complex interplay between different TRAF-family members with partially opposing and overlapping functions that are determined by the level of cellular expression, concomitant signaling events, and the context of the disease. Therefore, inhibition of specific TRAFs may be beneficial in one condition and harmful in others. Here, we carefully discuss the cellular expression and signaling events of TRAFs and evaluate their role in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. We also highlight metabolic effects of TRAFs and discuss the development of TRAF-based therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Colin Gissler
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dennis Wolf
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Li Z, Jiang J. The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates liver failure by activating procaspase-1 and pro-IL-1 β and regulating downstream CD40-CD40L signaling. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211036845. [PMID: 34551597 PMCID: PMC8485287 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211036845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this prospective case–control study, we explored the regulatory roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). Methods Thirty patients with HBV-ACLF, 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B, and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum protein levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, asparagine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin in patients with HBV-ACLF were increased. Transcript levels of NLRP3 and ASC and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and sCD40L were elevated in patients with HBV-ACLF. Expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway components procaspase-1 and pro-IL-1β was elevated in patients with HBV-ACLF. Conclusions This prospective case-control study demonstrated that significant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome occurs in patients with HBV-ACLF. The activated NLRP3 inflammasome mediated liver failure by stimulating procaspase-1 and pro-IL-1 β and regulating downstream CD40-CD40L signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
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4
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Suk Lee Y, Davila E, Zhang T, Milmoe HP, Vogel SN, Bromberg JS, Scalea JR. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are bound and inhibited by anti-thymocyte globulin. Innate Immun 2019; 25:46-59. [PMID: 30782043 PMCID: PMC6830891 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918820427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) inhibit T cell responses and are
relevant to cancer, autoimmunity and transplant biology. Anti-thymocyte globulin
(ATG) is a commonly used T cell depletion agent, yet the effect of ATG on MDSCs
has not been investigated. MDSCs were generated in Lewis Lung Carcinoma 1
tumor-bearing mice. MDSC development and function were assessed in
vivo and in vitro with and without ATG
administration. T cell suppression assays, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and arginase
activity assays were used to assess MDSC phenotype and function. MDSCs increased
dramatically in tumor-bearing mice and the majority of splenic MDSCs were of the
polymorphonuclear subset. MDSCs potently suppressed T cell proliferation.
ATG-treated mice developed 50% fewer MDSCs and these MDSCs were significantly
less suppressive of T cell proliferation. In vitro, ATG
directly bound 99.6% of MDSCs. CCR7, L-selectin and LFA-1 were expressed by both
T cells and MDSCs, and binding of LFA-1 was inhibited by ATG pre-treatment.
Arg-1 and PD-L1 transcript expression were reduced 30–40% and arginase activity
decreased in ATG-pretreated MDSCs. MDSCs were bound and functionally inhibited
by ATG. T cells and MDSCs expressed common Ags which were also targets of ATG.
ATG may be helpful in tumor models seeking to suppress MDSCs. Alternatively, ATG
may inadvertently inhibit important T cell regulatory events in autoimmunity and
transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Suk Lee
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Eduardo Davila
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Hugh P Milmoe
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joseph R Scalea
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
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5
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Aarts S, Reiche M, den Toom M, Gijbels M, Beckers L, Gerdes N, Lutgens E. Depletion of CD40 on CD11c + cells worsens the metabolic syndrome and ameliorates hepatic inflammation during NASH. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14702. [PMID: 31604965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-stimulatory CD40-CD40L dyad plays a central role in fine-tuning immune reactions, including obesity-induced inflammation. Genetic ablation of CD40L reduced adipose tissue inflammation, while absence of CD40 resulted in aggravated metabolic dysfunction in mice. During obesity, CD40 expressing CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages accumulate in adipose tissue and liver. We investigated the role of CD40+CD11c+ cells in the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). DC-CD40-ko mice (CD40fl/flCD11ccre) mice were subjected to obesity or NASH. Obesity and insulin resistance were induced by feeding mice a 54% high fat diet (HFD). NASH was induced by feeding mice a diet containing 40% fat, 20% fructose and 2% cholesterol. CD40fl/flCD11ccre mice fed a HFD displayed increased weight gain, increased adipocyte size, and worsened insulin resistance. Moreover, CD40fl/flCD11ccre mice had higher plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels and developed profound liver steatosis. Overall, regulatory T cell numbers were decreased in these mice. In NASH, absence of CD40 on CD11c+ cells slightly decreased liver inflammation but did not affect liver lipid accumulation. Our experiments suggest that CD40 expressing CD11c+ cells can act as a double-edged sword: CD40 expressing CD11c+ cells contribute to liver inflammation during NASH but are protective against the metabolic syndrome via induction of regulatory T cells.
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6
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Reiche ME, den Toom M, Willemsen L, van Os B, Gijbels MJJ, Gerdes N, Aarts SABM, Lutgens E. Deficiency of T cell CD40L has minor beneficial effects on obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000829. [PMID: 31908798 PMCID: PMC6936585 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction increases the risk of multiple diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The importance of the co-stimulatory CD40-CD40L dyad in diet-induced obesity (DIO), with opposing phenotypes arising when either the receptor (aggravating) or the ligand (protective) is deleted, has been described previously. The functions of CD40 and CD40L are cell type dependent. As co-stimulation via T cell-mediated CD40L is essential for driving inflammation, we here investigate the role of T cell CD40L in DIO. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl mice on a C57BL/6 background were generated and subjected to DIO by administration of 15 weeks of high fat diet (HFD). RESULTS HFD-fed CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl mice had similar weight gain, adipocyte sizes, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels as their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Insulin and glucose tolerance were comparable, although CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl mice did have a decreased plasma insulin concentration, suggesting a minor improvement of insulin resistance. Furthermore, although the degree of hepatosteatosis was similar in both genotypes, the gene expression of fatty acid synthase 1 and ATP-citrate lyase had decreased, whereas expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α had increased in livers of CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl mice, suggesting decreased hepatic lipid uptake in absence of T cell CD40L.Moreover, CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl mice displayed significantly lower numbers of effector memory CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells in blood and lymphoid organs compared with WT. However, immune cell composition and inflammatory status of the adipose tissue was similar in CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl and WT mice. CONCLUSIONS T cell CD40L deficiency results in a minor improvement of insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in DIO, despite the strong decrease in effector T cells and regulatory T cells in blood and lymphoid organs. Our data indicate that other CD40L-expressing cell types are more relevant in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe E Reiche
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van Os
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Suzanne A B M Aarts
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany
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7
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Merz J, Albrecht P, von Garlen S, Ahmed I, Dimanski D, Wolf D, Hilgendorf I, Härdtner C, Grotius K, Willecke F, Heidt T, Bugger H, Hoppe N, Kintscher U, von Zur Mühlen C, Idzko M, Bode C, Zirlik A, Stachon P. Purinergic receptor Y 2 (P2Y 2)- dependent VCAM-1 expression promotes immune cell infiltration in metabolic syndrome. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:45. [PMID: 30338362 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sterile inflammation of visceral fat, provoked by dying adipocytes, links the metabolic syndrome to cardiovascular disease. Danger-associated molecular patterns, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are released by activated or dying cells and orchestrate leukocyte infiltration and inflammation via the purinergic receptor P2Y2. The gene expression of ATP receptor P2Y2 did not change in several tissues in the course of obesity, but was increased within epididymal fat. Adipose tissue from P2Y 2 -/- mice consuming high-fat diet (HFD) contained less crown-like structures with a reduced frequency of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). This was likely due to decreased leukocyte migration because of missing VCAM-1 exposition on P2Y2 deficient hypertrophic adipose tissue endothelial cells. Accordingly, P2Y 2 -/- mice showed blunted traits of the metabolic syndrome: they gained less weight compared to P2Y 2 +/+ controls, while intake of food and movement behaviour remained unchanged. Liver and adipose tissue were smaller in P2Y 2 -/- animals. Insulin tolerance testing (ITT) performed in obese P2Y 2 -/- mice revealed a better insulin sensitivity as well as lower plasma C-peptide and cholesterol levels. We demonstrate that interfering with somatic P2Y2 signalling prevents excessive immune cell deposition in diet-induced obesity (DIO), both attenuating adipose tissue inflammation and ameliorating the metabolic phenotype. Thus, blocking the P2Y2 cascade may be a promising strategy to limit metabolic disease and its sequelae.
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8
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Petta I, Fraussen J, Somers V, Kleinewietfeld M. Interrelation of Diet, Gut Microbiome, and Autoantibody Production. Front Immunol 2018; 9:439. [PMID: 29559977 PMCID: PMC5845559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells possess a predominant role in adaptive immune responses via antibody-dependent and -independent functions. The microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract is currently being intensively investigated due to its profound impact on various immune responses, including B cell maturation, activation, and IgA antibody responses. Recent findings have demonstrated the interplay between dietary components, gut microbiome, and autoantibody production. "Western" dietary patterns, such as high fat and high salt diets, can induce alterations in the gut microbiome that in turn affects IgA responses and the production of autoantibodies. This could contribute to multiple pathologies including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the influence of various dietary components on B cell function and (auto)antibody production in relation to the gut microbiota, with a particular focus on the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Petta
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Judith Fraussen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Veerle Somers
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, and School of Life Sciences, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Hasselt, Belgium
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9
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Zhong JX, Chen J, Rao X, Duan L. Dichotomous roles of co-stimulatory molecules in diabetes mellitus. Oncotarget 2018; 9:2902-2911. [PMID: 29416823 PMCID: PMC5788691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have established the importance of immune dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus, including typ1 and typ2 diabetes, and it is worth noting that T cell activation acts a key role in the pathogenesis of loss of β cell mass, adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Regarding as an important checkpoint in the process of T cell activation, co-stimulatory molecules interaction between antigen present cells and T cells have been identified the critical role in the development of diabetes mellitus. Thus, blockage of co-stimulatory dyads interaction between antigen present cells and T cells was supposed to a potential of therapeutic strategies. However, studies also showed that inhibition or deletion of some co-stimulatory molecules do not always reduce the development of diabetes, and even exacerbate the disease activity. Here, in this context, we highlight the dichotomous role of co-stimulatory molecules interaction in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xin Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430061
| | - Jie Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
- Basic Medical Department of Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361102
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 44106
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China 361003
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10
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Wolf D, Stachon P, Bode C, Zirlik A. Inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis. Hamostaseologie 2017; 34:63-71. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-13-09-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SummaryThroughout the last two decades inflammation has been recognized as the central mechanism underlying atherogenesis. A multitude of basic science work demonstrates the pivotal role of inflammatory processes during every step of atherosclerotic plaque formation: From initiation via propagation to complication.This review describes some of the key mechanisms involved with a particular focus on the diverse group of inflammatory cells and their subsets that distinctly contribute to atherogenic and anti-atherogenic phenomena. Furthermore, we summarize the controlling action of a tight network of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines orchestrating the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effector functions. Finally, the current status of clinical trials evaluating anti-inflammatory/ immune-modulatory treatment strategies is summarized and an outlook for future therapeutic implications is provided.
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11
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Rupprecht B, Wolf D, Hergeth S, Hoppe N, Dufner B, Schulte L, Michel N, Bukosza N, Marchini T, Jäckel M, Stachon P, Hilgendorf I, Zeschky K, Schleicher R, Langer HF, von zur Muhlen C, Bode C, Peter K, Willecke F, Tiwari S, Zirlik A. Interruption of classic CD40L-CD40 signalling but not of the novel CD40L-Mac-1 interaction limits arterial neointima formation in mice. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:379-89. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-08-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe co-stimulatory immune molecule CD40L figures prominently in a variety of inflammatory conditions including arterial disease. Recently, we made the surprising finding that CD40L mediates atherogenesis independently of its classic receptor CD40 via a novel interaction with the leukocyte integrin Mac-1. Here, we hypothesised that selective blockade of the CD40L-Mac-1 interaction may also retard restenosis. We induced neointima formation in C57/BL6 mice by ligation of the left carotid artery. Mice were randomised to daily intraperitoneal injections of either cM7, a small peptide selectively inhibiting the CD40L-Mac-1 interaction, scM7, a scrambled control peptide, or saline for 28 days. Interestingly, cM7-treated mice developed neointima of similar size compared with mice receiving the control peptide or saline as assessed by computer-assisted analysis of histological cross sections. These data demonstrate that the CD40L-Mac-1 interaction is not required for the development of restenosis. In contrast, CD40-deficient mice subjected to carotid ligation in parallel, developed significantly reduced neointimal lesions compared with respective wild-type controls (2872 ± 843 µm² vs 35469 ± 11870 µm²). Flow cytometry in CD40-deficient mice revealed reduced formation of platelet-granulocyte and platelet-inflammatory monocyte-aggregates. In vitro, supernatants of CD40-deficient platelet-leukocyte aggregates attenuated proliferation and increased apoptosis of smooth muscle cells. Unlike in the setting of atherosclerosis, CD40L mediates neointima formation via its classic receptor CD40 rather than via its recently described novel interaction with Mac-1. Therefore, selective targeting of CD40L-Mac-1 binding does not appear to be a favorable strategy to fight restenosis.
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12
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Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is the primary energy reservoir organ, and thereby plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and regulation of metabolism. AT expands in response to chronic overnutrition or aging and becomes a major source of inflammation that has marked influence on systemic metabolism. The chronic, sterile inflammation that occurs in the AT during the development of obesity or in aging contributes to onset of devastating diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular pathologies. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation in the visceral AT of humans and animals is a critical trigger for the development of metabolic syndrome. This work underscores the well-supported conclusion that the inflammatory immune response and metabolic pathways in the AT are tightly interwoven by multiple layers of relatively conserved mechanisms. During the development of diet-induced obesity or age-associated adiposity, cells of the innate and the adaptive immune systems infiltrate and proliferate in the AT. Macrophages, which dominate AT-associated immune cells in mouse models of obesity, but are less dominant in obese people, have been studied extensively. However, cells of the adaptive immune system, including T cells and B cells, contribute significantly to AT inflammation, perhaps more in humans than in mice. Lymphocytes regulate recruitment of innate immune cells into AT, and produce cytokines that influence the helpful-to-harmful inflammatory balance that, in turn, regulates organismal metabolism. This review describes inflammation, or more precisely, metabolic inflammation (metaflammation) with an eye toward the AT and the roles lymphocytes play in regulation of systemic metabolism during obesity and aging. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1307-1337, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena P Bharath
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Blanche C Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Center of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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13
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Lepreux S, Villeneuve J, Dewitte A, Bérard AM, Desmoulière A, Ripoche J. CD40 signaling and hepatic steatosis: Unanticipated links. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:357-369. [PMID: 27989689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity predisposes to an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic steatosis is the key pathological feature of NAFLD and has emerged as a metabolic disorder in which innate and adaptive arms of the immune response play a central role in disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed unexpected relationships between CD40 signaling and hepatic steatosis in high fat diet rodent models. CD154, the ligand of CD40, is a mediator of inflammation and controls several critical events of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the light of these reports, we discuss potential links between CD40 signaling and hepatic steatosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoine Dewitte
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation II, CHU de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Annie M Bérard
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jean Ripoche
- INSERM U1026, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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14
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van Dam AD, van Beek L, Pronk ACM, van den Berg SM, Van den Bossche J, de Winther MPJ, Koning F, van Kooten C, Rensen PCN, Boon MR, Verbeek JS, van Dijk KW, van Harmelen V. IgG is elevated in obese white adipose tissue but does not induce glucose intolerance via Fcγ-receptor or complement. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:260-269. [PMID: 28852207 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In obesity, B cells accumulate in white adipose tissue (WAT) and produce IgG, which may contribute to the development of glucose intolerance. IgG signals by binding to Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and by activating the complement system. The aim of our study was to investigate whether activation of FcγR and/or complement C3 mediates the development of high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance. METHODS We studied mice lacking all four FcγRs (FcγRI/II/III/IV-/-), only the inhibitory FcγRIIb (FcγRIIb-/-), only the central component of the complement system C3 (C3-/-), and mice lacking both FcγRs and C3 (FcγRI/II/III/IV/C3-/-). All mouse models and wild-type controls were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks to induce obesity. Glucose metabolism was assessed and adipose tissue was characterized for inflammation and adipocyte functionality. RESULTS In obese WAT of wild-type mice, B cells (+142%, P<0.01) and IgG (+128% P<0.01) were increased compared to lean WAT. Macrophages of FcγRI/II/III/IV-/-mice released lower levels of cytokines compared to wild-type mice upon IgG stimulation. Only C3-/- mice showed reduced HFD-induced weight gain as compared to controls (-18%, P<0.01). Surprisingly, FcγRI/II/III/IV-/- mice had deteriorated glucose tolerance (AUC +125%, P<0.001) despite reduced leukocyte number (-30%, P<0.05) in gonadal WAT (gWAT), whereas glucose tolerance and leukocytes within gWAT in the other models were unaffected compared to controls. Although IgG in gWAT was increased (+44 to +174%, P<0.05) in all mouse models lacking FcγRIIb, only FcγRI/II/III/IV/C3-/- mice exhibited appreciable alterations in immune cells in gWAT, for example, increased macrophages (+36%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lack of FcγRs reduces the activity of macrophages upon IgG stimulation, but neither FcγR nor C3 deficiency protects against HFD-induced glucose intolerance or reduces adipose tissue inflammation. This indicates that if obesity-induced IgG contributes to the development of glucose intolerance, this is not mediated by FcγR or complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D van Dam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L van Beek
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A C M Pronk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C van Kooten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M R Boon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J S Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Willems van Dijk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V van Harmelen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Horváthová M, Ilavská S, Štefíková K, Szabová M, Krivošíková Z, Jahnová E, Tulinská J, Spustová V, Gajdoš M. The Cell Surface Markers Expression in Postmenopausal Women and Relation to Obesity and Bone Status. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14070751. [PMID: 28696349 PMCID: PMC5551189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The age-related changes and hormonal deprivation in postmenopausal women are associated with the immune response alteration. The excessive fat accumulation, local and systemic inflammation may lead to dysregulation in immune function and relevant health problems, including obesity and osteoporosis. We analyzed the expression of cell surface markers in the venous blood specimens, stained with fluorophores-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and analysed by multicolour flow cytometry. The significant changes of cytotoxic, naive, and memory T-lymphocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) were in postmenopausal women versus fertile women. Body mass index (BMI) affected markedly the cell surface expression of CD265/RANK. Osteoporosis is linked to reduced percentage of plasmacytoid DCs, and elevated natural Treg cells (p < 0.05). The confounding factors such as women age, BMI, bone mineral density (BMD), waist size and tissue fat affect the expression of RANK on myeloid DCs and CD40L on T-lymphocytes that might be the immunophenotypic modulators after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Horváthová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Silvia Ilavská
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Kornélia Štefíková
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Michaela Szabová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zora Krivošíková
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Jahnová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Tulinská
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Viera Spustová
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Gajdoš
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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16
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Wolf D, Bukosza N, Engel D, Poggi M, Jehle F, Anto Michel N, Chen YC, Colberg C, Hoppe N, Dufner B, Boon L, Blankenbach H, Hilgendorf I, von Zur Muhlen C, Reinöhl J, Sommer B, Marchini T, Febbraio MA, Weber C, Bode C, Peter K, Lutgens E, Zirlik A. Inflammation, but not recruitment, of adipose tissue macrophages requires signalling through Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) in diet-induced obesity (DIO). Thromb Haemost 2016; 117:325-338. [PMID: 27853810 DOI: 10.1160/th16-07-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell accumulation is a prerequisite for adipose tissue inflammation. The leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, αMβ2) is a classic adhesion receptor critically regulating inflammatory cell recruitment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a genetic deficiency and a therapeutic modulation of Mac-1 regulate adipose tissue inflammation in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). C57Bl6/J mice genetically deficient (Mac-1-/-) or competent for Mac-1 (WT) consumed a high fat diet for 20 weeks. Surprisingly, Mac-1-/- mice presented with increased diet-induced weight gain, decreased insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and in the liver in insulin-clamps, insulin secretion deficiency and elevated glucose levels in fasting animals, and dyslipidaemia. Unexpectedly, accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) was unaffected, while gene expression indicated less inflamed adipose tissue and macrophages in Mac-1-/- mice. In contrast, inflammatory gene expression at distant locations, such as in skeletal muscle, was not changed. Treatment of ATMs with an agonistic anti-Mac-1 antibody, M1/70, induced pro-inflammatory genes in cell culture. In vivo, treatment with M1/70 induced a hyper-inflammatory phenotype with increased expression of IL-6 and MCP-1, whereas accumulation of ATMs did not change. Finally, inhibition of Mac-1's adhesive interaction to CD40L by the peptide inhibitor cM7 did not affect myeloid cell accumulation in adipose tissue. We present the surprising finding that adhesive properties of the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 are not required for macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. Instead, Mac-1 modulates inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. These findings question the net effect of integrin blockade in cardio-metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karlheinz Peter
- Prof. Dr. Karlheinz Peter, Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, P. O. Box 6492. St. Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia, Tel.: +61 3 8532 1490, Fax: +61 3 8532 1100, E-mail:
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17
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction are lipid-driven inflammatory pathologies responsible for a major part of cardiovascular complications. Immune cell activation as well as interactions between the different immune cells is dependent on and controlled by a variety of co-stimulatory signals. These co-stimulatory signals can either aggravate or ameliorate the disease depending on the stage of the disease, the cell-types involved and the signal transduction cascades initiated. This review focuses on the diverse roles of the most established co-stimulatory molecules of the B7 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) families, ie the CD28/CTLA4-CD80/CD86 and CD40L/CD40 dyads in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and obesity. In addition, we will explore their potential as therapeutic targets in both atherosclerosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zirlik
- Prof. Andreas Zirlik, Atherogenesis Research Group, Heart Center Freiburg University, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Germany, E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of atherosclerosis, the main underlying disease of CVD, will enable improved preventive and therapeutic options, thus potentially limiting the burden of vascular disease in aging societies. A large body of evidence illustrates the contribution of platelets to processes beyond their traditionally recognized role as mediators in thrombosis and hemostasis. Recent advances in molecular biology help to understand the complexity of atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS This article outlines the role of platelets as modulators of immune responses in the context of atherosclerosis. It provides a short overview of interactions between platelets and endothelial cells or immune cells via direct cell contact or soluble factors during atherogenesis. By means of some well examined, exemplary pathways (e.g. CD40/CD40L dyad), this article will discuss recent discoveries in immune-related function of platelets. We also focus on the relationship between platelets and the lipid metabolism highlighting potential consequences to atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. SUMMARY A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of platelet-related immune activity allows their utilization as powerful diagnostic tools or targets of therapeutic intervention. Those findings might help to develop new classes of drugs which may supplement or replace classical anticoagulants and help clinicians to tackle CVD more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiwand Ahmadsei
- aInstitute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany bDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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19
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Chng MH, Alonso MN, Barnes SE, Nguyen KD, Engleman EG. Adaptive Immunity and Antigen-Specific Activation in Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:593075. [PMID: 26146464 DOI: 10.1155/2015/593075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease that is strongly tied to obesity and often preceded by insulin resistance (IR). It has been established that chronic inflammation of hypertrophic adipose tissue depots in obese individuals leads to obesity-associated IR and is mediated by cells of the innate immune system, particularly macrophages. More recently, cells of the adaptive immune system, B and T lymphocytes, have also emerged as important regulators of glucose homeostasis, raising the intriguing possibility that antigen-driven immune responses play a role in disease. In this review, we critically evaluate the roles that various B and T cell subsets play in IR, and then we examine the data suggesting that antigen-driven mechanisms, such as antigen presentation and costimulation, may drive the activity of these lymphocytes.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bürger
- aInstitute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) bDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany cDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Dewitte A, Tanga A, Villeneuve J, Lepreux S, Ouattara A, Desmoulière A, Combe C, Ripoche J. New frontiers for platelet CD154. Exp Hematol Oncol 2015; 4:6. [PMID: 25763299 PMCID: PMC4355125 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-015-0001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of platelets extends beyond hemostasis. The pivotal role of platelets in inflammation has shed new light on the natural history of conditions associated with acute or chronic inflammation. Beyond the preservation of vascular integrity, platelets are essential to tissue homeostasis and platelet-derived products are already used in the clinics. Unanticipated was the role of platelets in the adaptative immune response, allowing a renewed conceptual approach of auto-immune diseases. Platelets are also important players in cancer growth and dissemination. Platelets fulfill most of their functions through the expression of still incompletely characterized membrane-bound or soluble mediators. Among them, CD154 holds a peculiar position, as platelets represent a major source of CD154 and as CD154 contributes to most of these new platelet attributes. Here, we provide an overview of some of the new frontiers that the study of platelet CD154 is opening, in inflammation, tissue homeostasis, immune response, hematopoiesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Dewitte
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France ; Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation II, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Annabelle Tanga
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, 08003 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | | | - Alexandre Ouattara
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation II, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Christian Combe
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France ; Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Ripoche
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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22
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease associated with obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and chronic inflammation. Animal studies indicate that IR can be caused and/or exacerbated by systemic and/or tissue-specific alterations in lymphocyte differentiation and function. Human studies also indicate that obesity-associated inflammation promotes IR. Nevertheless, clinical trials with anti-inflammatory therapies have yielded modest impacts on established T2D. Unlike mouse models, where obesity is predominantly associated with IR, 20-25% of obese humans are metabolically healthy with high insulin sensitivity. The uncoupling of obesity from IR in humans but not in animal models advocates for a more comprehensive understanding of mediators and mechanisms of human obesity-promoted IR, and better integration of knowledge from human studies into animal experiments to efficiently pursue T2D prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche C Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- Obesity Immunology Group, Education and Research Centre, St Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Yi Z, Bishop GA. Regulatory role of CD40 in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Adipocyte 2015; 4:65-9. [PMID: 26167405 DOI: 10.4161/adip.32214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive nutrient intake in obesity triggers the accumulation of various types of immune cells in adipose tissue, particularly visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This can result in chronic inflammation which disrupts insulin effects on adipocytes and muscle cells and culminates in development of insulin resistance. The interplay between immune cells and adipose tissue is a key event for the development of insulin resistance that precedes type 2 diabetes. CD40, a well-documented costimulatory receptor, is required for efficient systemic adaptive immune responses. However, we and other groups recently showed that CD40 unexpectedly ameliorates inflammation in VAT and accordingly attenuates obesity-induced insulin resistance. Specifically, although CD40 is typically considered to play its principal immune roles on B lymphocytes and myeloid cells, we found that CD40(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes were major contributors to the protective effect. This unexpected inhibitory role of CD40 on CD8(+) T cell activation in VAT may reflect unique features of this microenvironment. Additional knowledge gaps include whether CD40 also plays roles in mucosal immunity that control the homeostasis of gut microbiota, and human metabolic diseases. Potential therapeutic approaches, including stimulating CD40 signaling and/or manipulating specific CD40 signaling pathways in the VAT microenvironment, may open new avenues for treatment of obesity-induced insulin resistance, and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Key Words
- Ab, antibody
- CD40
- CD40KO, CD40 deficiency
- DIO, diet induced obesity
- HFD, high fat diet
- HIGM, Hyper-IgM syndrome
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IR, insulin resistance
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- LFD, low fat diet
- MCP-1, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1
- Mφ, macrophage
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
- Rag1, recombination activating gene 1
- T cell
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- Treg, regulatory T cells
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- VAT, visceral adipose tissue
- gut microbiota
- insulin resistance
- mucosal immunity
- obesity
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Abstract
In the past two decades, numerous experimental and clinical studies have established the importance of inflammation and immunity in the development of obesity and its metabolic complications, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this context, T cells orchestrate inflammatory processes in metabolic organs, such as the adipose tissue (AT) and liver, thereby mediating obesity-related metabolic deterioration. Costimulatory molecules, which are present on antigen-presenting cells and naïve T cells in the AT, are known to mediate the crosstalk between the adaptive and innate immune system and to direct T-cell responses in inflammation. In this Perspectives in Diabetes article, we highlight the newest insights in immune cell interactions in obesity and discuss the role of costimulatory dyads in its pathogenesis. Moreover, the potential of therapeutic strategies that target costimulatory molecules in the metabolic syndrome is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and Paul-Langerhans-Institute, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, and Paul-Langerhans-Institute, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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25
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van den Berg SM, Seijkens TTP, Kusters PJH, Zarzycka B, Beckers L, den Toom M, Gijbels MJJ, Chatzigeorgiou A, Weber C, de Winther MPJ, Chavakis T, Nicolaes GAF, Lutgens E. Blocking CD40-TRAF6 interactions by small-molecule inhibitor 6860766 ameliorates the complications of diet-induced obesity in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:782-90. [PMID: 25394307 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune processes contribute to the development of obesity and its complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Approaches that target the inflammatory response are promising therapeutic strategies for obesity. In this context, we recently demonstrated that the interaction between the costimulatory protein CD40 and its downstream adaptor protein tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) promotes adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice in the course of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS Here we evaluated the effects of a small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) of the CD40-TRAF6 interaction, SMI 6860766, on the development of obesity and its complications in mice that were subjected to DIO. RESULTS Treatment with SMI 6860766 did not result in differences in weight gain, but improved glucose tolerance. Moreover, SMI 6860766 treatment reduced the amount of CD45(+) leucocytes in the epididymal adipose tissue by 69%. Especially, the number of adipose tissue CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, as well as macrophages, was significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that small-molecule-mediated inhibition of the CD40-TRAF6 interaction is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metabolic complications of obesity by improving glucose tolerance, by reducing the accumulation of immune cells to the adipose tissue and by skewing of the immune response towards a more anti-inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P J H Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Zarzycka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J J Gijbels
- 1] Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Pathology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands [3] Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht,The Netherlands
| | - A Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Weber
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands [2] Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany
| | - M P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - G A F Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Lutgens
- 1] Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany
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Winkels H, Weber C, Lutgens E, Gerdes N. Atherosclerosis: cell biology and lipoproteins focus on iNKT cells and CD40/CD40L in atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders. Curr Opin Lipidol 2014; 25:408-9. [PMID: 25186203 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Winkels
- aInstitute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany bDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation in visceral adipose tissue is considered a key element for induction of insulin resistance in obesity. CD40 is required for efficient systemic adaptive immune responses and is implicated in various inflammatory conditions. However, its role in modulating immunity in the microanatomical niches of adipose tissue remains largely undefined. Here, we show that, in contrast to its well-documented costimulatory effects, CD40 regulates development of insulin resistance in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model by ameliorating local inflammation in adipose tissues. CD40 deficiency (CD40KO) resulted in greater body weight gain, more severe inflammation in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT), and aggravated insulin resistance in response to DIO. Interestingly, we found that CD40KO CD8(+) T lymphocytes were major contributors to exacerbated insulin resistance. Specifically, CD8(+) T cells in EAT of DIO CD40KO mice produced elevated chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines and were critical for macrophage recruitment. These results indicate that CD40 plays distinct roles in different tissues and, unexpectedly, plays an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis in EAT. Further study of how CD40 promotes maintenance of healthy metabolism could contribute to better understanding of and ability to therapeutically manipulate the increasing health problem of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoan Yi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Laura L Stunz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IADepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IAGraduate Immunology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IAVA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA
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Winer DA, Winer S, Chng MHY, Shen L, Engleman EG. B Lymphocytes in obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:1033-43. [PMID: 24127133 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance is a chronic inflammatory condition that often gives rise to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Much evidence supports a role for pro-inflammatory T cells and macrophages in promoting local inflammation in tissues such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) leading to insulin resistance. More recently, B cells have emerged as an additional critical player in orchestrating these processes. B cells infiltrate VAT and display functional and phenotypic changes in response to diet-induced obesity. B cells contribute to insulin resistance by presenting antigens to T cells, secreting inflammatory cytokines, and producing pathogenic antibodies. B cell manipulation represents a novel approach to the treatment of obesity-related insulin resistance and potentially to the prevention of T2D. This review summarizes the roles of B cells in governing VAT inflammation and the mechanisms by which these cells contribute to altered glucose homeostasis in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Winer
- Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Eaton Wing, 11E - 424A, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
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29
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Horrillo A, Fontela T, Arias-Salgado EG, Llobat D, Porras G, Ayuso MS, González-Manchón C. Generation of mice with conditional ablation of the Cd40lg gene: new insights on the role of CD40L. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:53-66. [PMID: 24030045 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CD40 ligand (CD40L) acts as an immune modulator in activated T cells, and mutations in the extracellular domain are associated to X-linked hyper IgM syndrome. A role for platelet CD40L in mediating thrombotic and inflammatory processes in atherosclerosis has also been reported. Using the Cre/loxP recombination technology we generated four knockout lines of mice with deletion of the Cd40lg gene restricted to the hematopoietic system. Mouse lines with expression of Cre recombinase driven by the Tie2, Vav1, or CD4 promoters showed in vivo ablation of CD40L in leukocytes and platelets. In contrast, in mice with Cre expression driven by the megakaryocyte lineage-restricted Pf4 promoter, abolition of CD40L expression was observed in megakaryocytes cultured in vitro, but not in circulating platelets. Characterization of these animals revealed reduced in vivo thrombogenesis and defective activation of washed CD40L-deficient platelets, suggesting that membrane-bound CD40L is involved in the control of haemostasis acting as a platelet co-activator. In addition, we report the practically absence of CD40L in mouse and human endothelial cells, as well as the detection of an exon 3-deleted CD40L transcript in both platelets and leukocytes of mouse and human origin. Finally, compared with their corresponding littermate floxed controls, Cre+ mice carrying CD40-deficient leukocytes did not exhibit increased IgM levels, and reduction of IgA and IgG levels was statistically significant only in Tie2-Cre+ mice, suggesting that expression of CD40L in an earlier developmental step may be determinant in the regulation of the class switch recombination process.
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Morris DL, Cho KW, DelProposto JL, Oatmen KE, Geletka LM, Martinez-Santibanez G, Singer K, Lumeng CN. Adipose tissue macrophages function as antigen-presenting cells and regulate adipose tissue CD4+ T cells in mice. Diabetes 2013; 62:2762-72. [PMID: 23493569 PMCID: PMC3717880 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory activation of leukocytes in adipose tissue contributes to metabolic disease. How crosstalk between immune cells initiates and sustains adipose tissue inflammation remains an unresolved question. We have examined the hypothesis that adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) interact with and regulate the function of T cells. Dietary obesity was shown to activate the proliferation of effector memory CD4(+) T cells in adipose tissue. Our studies further demonstrate that ATMs are functional antigen-presenting cells that promote the proliferation of interferon-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells in adipose tissue. ATMs from lean and obese visceral fat process and present major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens. ATMs were sufficient to promote proliferation and interferon-γ production from antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells in vitro and in vivo. Diet-induced obesity increased the expression of MHC II and T-cell costimulatory molecules on ATMs in visceral fat, which correlated with an induction of T-cell proliferation in that depot. Collectively, these data indicate that ATMs provide a functional link between the innate and adaptive immune systems within visceral fat in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Morris
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jennifer L. DelProposto
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelsie E. Oatmen
- Literature, Science and Arts Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lynn M. Geletka
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carey N. Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Corresponding author: Carey N. Lumeng,
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Guo CA, Kogan S, Amano SU, Wang M, Dagdeviren S, Friedline RH, Aouadi M, Kim JK, Czech MP. CD40 deficiency in mice exacerbates obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E951-63. [PMID: 23482447 PMCID: PMC3651645 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00514.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes in rodents and humans is characterized by low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue and liver. The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD40L initiate immune cell signaling promoting inflammation, but conflicting data on CD40L-null mice confound its role in obesity-associated insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that CD40 receptor-deficient mice on a high-fat diet display the expected decrease in hepatic cytokine levels but paradoxically exhibit liver steatosis, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance compared with their age-matched wild-type controls. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies also demonstrated insulin resistance in glucose utilization by the CD40-null mice compared with wild-type mice. In contrast to liver, adipose tissue in CD40-deficient animals harbors elevated cytokine levels and infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages and CD8(+) effector T cells. In addition, ex vivo explants of epididymal adipose tissue from CD40(-/-) mice display elevated basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis, suggesting a potential increase of lipid efflux from visceral fat to the liver. These findings reveal that 1) CD40-null mice represent an unusual model of hepatic steatosis with reduced hepatic inflammation, and 2) CD40 unexpectedly functions in adipose tissue to attenuate its inflammation in obesity, thereby protecting against hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Guo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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