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Essola JM, Zhang M, Yang H, Li F, Xia B, Mavoungou JF, Hussain A, Huang Y. Exosome regulation of immune response mechanism: Pros and cons in immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:124-146. [PMID: 37927901 PMCID: PMC10622742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its multiple features, including the ability to orchestrate remote communication between different tissues, the exosomes are the extracellular vesicles arousing the highest interest in the scientific community. Their size, established as an average of 30-150 nm, allows them to be easily uptaken by most cells. According to the type of cells-derived exosomes, they may carry specific biomolecular cargoes used to reprogram the cells they are interacting with. In certain circumstances, exosomes stimulate the immune response by facilitating or amplifying the release of foreign antigens-killing cells, inflammatory factors, or antibodies (immune activation). Meanwhile, in other cases, they are efficiently used by malignant elements such as cancer cells to mislead the immune recognition mechanism, carrying and transferring their cancerous cargoes to distant healthy cells, thus contributing to antigenic invasion (immune suppression). Exosome dichotomic patterns upon immune system regulation present broad advantages in immunotherapy. Its perfect comprehension, from its early biogenesis to its specific interaction with recipient cells, will promote a significant enhancement of immunotherapy employing molecular biology, nanomedicine, and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Milon Essola
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiyin Yang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Bozhang Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jacques François Mavoungou
- Université Internationale de Libreville, Libreville, 20411, Gabon
- Central and West African Virus Epidemiology, Libreville, 2263, Gabon
- Département de phytotechnologies, Institut National Supérieur d’Agronomie et de Biotechnologie, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, 901, Gabon
- Institut de Recherches Agronomiques et Forestiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et du développement Technologique, Libreville, 16182, Gabon
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Rigerna Therapeutics Co. Ltd., China
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Vahabi M, Ghazanfari T, Sepehrnia S. Molecular Mimicry, Hyperactive Immune System, And SARS-COV-2 Are Three Prerequisites of the Autoimmune Disease Triangle Following COVID-19 Infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109183. [PMID: 36182877 PMCID: PMC9393178 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can produce a variety of clinical manifestations, which are either directly related to viral tissue damage or indirectly induced by the antiviral immune response. Molecular mimicry enables this virus to undermine self-tolerance in a host's immune system also immune system's attempts to eliminate SARS-COV-2 may trigger autoimmunity by hyper-activating the innate and adaptive immune systems. Auto immune diseases include Systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune thyroid diseases, Guillain‐Barre syndrome, Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and the detection of autoantibodies are the cues to the discovery of the potential of COVID‐19 in inducing autoimmunity. As COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases share a common pathogenesis, autoimmune drugs may be an effective treatment option. Susceptible patients must be monitored for autoimmune symptoms after contracting CVID-19. In light of the SARS-COV-2 virus' ability to induce autoimmunity in susceptible patients, will the various COVID-19 vaccines that are the only way to end the pandemic induce autoimmunity?
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3
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Prasad SK, Bhat S, Shashank D, C R A, R S, Rachtanapun P, Devegowda D, Santhekadur PK, Sommano SR. Bacteria-Mediated Oncogenesis and the Underlying Molecular Intricacies: What We Know So Far. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836004. [PMID: 35480118 PMCID: PMC9036991 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are known to have multifactorial etiology. Certain bacteria and viruses are proven carcinogens. Lately, there has been in-depth research investigating carcinogenic capabilities of some bacteria. Reports indicate that chronic inflammation and harmful bacterial metabolites to be strong promoters of neoplasticity. Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric adenocarcinoma is the best illustration of the chronic inflammation paradigm of oncogenesis. Chronic inflammation, which produces excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) is hypothesized to cause cancerous cell proliferation. Other possible bacteria-dependent mechanisms and virulence factors have also been suspected of playing a vital role in the bacteria-induced-cancer(s). Numerous attempts have been made to explore and establish the possible relationship between the two. With the growing concerns on anti-microbial resistance and over-dependence of mankind on antibiotics to treat bacterial infections, it must be deemed critical to understand and identify carcinogenic bacteria, to establish their role in causing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashanka K Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, India
| | - Smitha Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, India
| | - Dharini Shashank
- Department of General Surgery, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, India
| | - Akshatha C R
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sindhu R
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, India
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Devananda Devegowda
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, India
| | - Prasanna K Santhekadur
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, India
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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4
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Finotti P. Sequence similarity of HSP65 of Mycobacterium bovis BCG with SARS-CoV-2 spike and nuclear proteins: may it predict an antigen-dependent immune protection of BCG against COVID-19? Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:37-43. [PMID: 34755305 PMCID: PMC8577642 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is known to have protective effects not only against tuberculosis but also against other unrelated infectious diseases caused by different pathogens. Several epidemiological studies have also documented the beneficial influence of BCG vaccine in reducing both susceptibility to and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The protective, non-specific effects of BCG vaccination would be related to an antigen-independent enhancement of the innate immunity, termed trained immunity. However, the knowledge that heat shock protein (HSP)65 is the main antigen of Mycobacterium bovis BCG prompted us to verify whether sequence similarity existed between HSP65 and SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nuclear (N) proteins that could support an antigen-driven immune protection of BCG vaccine. The results of the in silico investigation showed an extensive sequence similarity of HSP65 with both the viral proteins, especially SARS-CoV-2 S, that also involved the regions comprising immunodominant epitopes. The finding that the predicted B cell and CD4+ T cell epitopes of HSP65 shared strong similarity with the predicted B and T cell epitopes of both SARS-CoV-2 S and N would support the possibility of a cross-immune reaction of HSP65 of BCG with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Finotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Building "C," Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35135, Padua, Italy.
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5
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Burgio S, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJ, Cappello F. SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer: possible role of mimicry of human molecules by viral proteins and the resulting anti-cancer immunity. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:611-616. [PMID: 33977496 PMCID: PMC8112475 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A few reports suggest that molecular mimicry can have a role in determining the more severe and deadly forms of COVID-19, inducing endothelial damage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiorgan failure. Heat shock proteins/molecular chaperones can be involved in these molecular mimicry phenomena. However, tumor cells can display on their surface heat shock proteins/molecular chaperones that are mimicked by SARS-CoV-2 molecules (including the Spike protein), similarly to what happens in other bacterial or viral infections. Since molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and tumoral proteins can elicit an immune reaction in which antibodies or cytotoxic cells produced against the virus cross-react with the tumor cells, we want to prompt clinical studies to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on prognosis and follow up of various forms of tumors. These topics, including a brief historical overview, are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Burgio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, 90141, Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Alberto Jl Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, 90141, Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139, Palermo, Italy.
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6
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Bahrami S, Kazemi B, Zali H, Black PC, Basiri A, Bandehpour M, Hedayati M, Sahebkar A. Discovering Therapeutic Protein Targets for Bladder Cancer Using Proteomic Data Analysis. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:150-172. [PMID: 31622214 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666191016124935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer accounts for almost 54% of urinary system cancer and is the second most frequent cause of death in genitourinary malignancies after prostate cancer. About 70% of bladder tumors are non-muscle-invasive, and the rest are muscle-invasive. Recurrence of the tumor is the common feature of bladder cancer. Chemotherapy is a conventional treatment for MIBC, but it cannot improve the survival rate of these patients sufficiently. Therefore, researchers must develop new therapies. Antibody-based therapy is one of the most important strategies for the treatment of solid tumors. Selecting a suitable target is the most critical step for this strategy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to detect therapeutic cell surface antigen targets in bladder cancer using data obtained by proteomic studies. METHODS Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis had identified 131 overexpressed proteins in baldder cancer tissue and reverse-phase proteomic array (RPPA) analysis had been done for 343 tumor tissues and 208 antibodies. All identified proteins from two studies (131+208 proteins) were collected and duplicates were removed (331 unique proteins). Gene ontology study was performed using gene ontology (GO) and protein analysis through evolutionary relationships (PANTHER) databases. The Human Protein Atlas database was used to search the protein class and subcellular location of membrane proteins obtained from the PANTHER analysis. RESULTS Membrane proteins that could be suitable therapeutic targets for bladder cancer were selected. These included: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Her2, Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), HSP90, Transferrin receptor (TFRC), Activin A Receptor Like Type 1 (ACVRL1), and cadherin 2 (CDH2). Monoclonal antibodies against these proteins or their inhibitors were used for the treatment of different cancers in preclinical and clinical trials. CONCLUSION These monoclonal antibodies and inhibitor molecules and also their combination can be used for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bahrami
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Nomden M, van Wessel DBE, Ioannou S, Verkade HJ, de Kleine RH, Alizadeh BZ, Bruggink JLM, Hulscher JBF. A Higher Incidence of Isolated Biliary Atresia in Rural Areas: Results From an Epidemiological Study in The Netherlands. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:202-209. [PMID: 32833894 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Environmental factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA). This epidemiological study aimed to analyze the relationships between the incidence of BA, the incidence of confirmed viral or bacterial infections and population density, and geographical and temporal clustering of BA in the Netherlands. STUDY DESIGN Correlations between the monthly incidence of BA and the number of confirmed infections were assessed. BA incidence per province was calculated and compared to the province with highest population density. Birthplaces were classified as rural or urban. Temporal clustering of month of birth and month of conception were analyzed. We performed analyses for isolated BA (IBA) and syndromic BA (SBA) separately. Chi2, logistic regression, and Walter and Elwood test were used. RESULTS A total of 262 IBA and 49 SBA patients, born between 1987 and 2018, were included. IBA incidence correlated to the number of confirmed infections of, for example, Chlamydia trachomatis (R = 0.14; P = 0.02) and adenovirus (R = 0.22; P = 0.005). We observed a higher incidence of IBA (0.75/10,000; odds ratio [OR] = 1.86; P = 0.04) and SBA (0.27/10,000; OR = 6.91; P = 0.001) in Groningen and a higher incidence of SBA in Gelderland (0.13/10,000; OR = 3.35; P = 0.03). IBA incidence was 68% higher in rural (0.67/10,000) versus urban areas (0.40/10,000) (P = 0.02). The estimated month of conception of patients with SBA clustered in November (85% increase compared to average SBA incidence [0.09/10,000; P = 0.04]). CONCLUSIONS IBA incidence correlated weakly with national confirmed infections. IBA and SBA incidence varied geographically in the Netherlands. IBA incidence was higher in rural than in urban areas, which may be explained decreased exposure to pathogens. Our results provide support for a role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of IBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nomden
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen
| | - Daan B E van Wessel
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen
| | - Solomon Ioannou
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Section of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen
| | - Ruben H de Kleine
- Section of Hepato-pancreatic-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Janneke L M Bruggink
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen
| | - Jan B F Hulscher
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen
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Schiaffino MT, Di Natale M, García-Martínez E, Navarro J, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Demelo-Rodríguez P, Sánchez-Mateos P. Immunoserologic Detection and Diagnostic Relevance of Cross-Reactive Autoantibodies in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1439-1443. [PMID: 32738141 PMCID: PMC7454719 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we detected a new immunofluorescence (IF) pattern in serum autoantibody (autoAb) screening of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Methods The IF pattern was composed of liver and gastric mucosa staining on rat kidney/liver/stomach sections. Results We describe 12 patients positive for the cross-reactive antibody, compared with a negative group of 43 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, finding association with either neurologic or thrombotic complications. In sequential pre- and post-COVID-19 serum samples, we confirmed autoAb seroconversion. Conclusions Our data indicate that autoAb screening in COVID-19 patients may be easily performed by IF and alert for autoreactive-mediated complications such as thrombotic or neurologic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Schiaffino
- Servicio de Inmunología Clínica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Di Natale
- Servicio de Inmunología Clínica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martínez
- Servicio de Inmunología Clínica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Navarro
- Servicio de Inmunología Clínica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Demelo-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Mateos
- Servicio de Inmunología Clínica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
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Marino Gammazza A, Légaré S, Lo Bosco G, Fucarino A, Angileri F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJ, Cappello F. Human molecular chaperones share with SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes potentially capable of eliciting autoimmunity against endothelial cells: possible role of molecular mimicry in COVID-19. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:737-741. [PMID: 32754823 PMCID: PMC7402394 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19 disease, has the potential to elicit autoimmunity because mimicry of human molecular chaperones by viral proteins. We compared viral proteins with human molecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins, to determine if they share amino acid-sequence segments with immunogenic-antigenic potential, which can elicit cross-reactive antibodies and effector immune cells with the capacity to damage-destroy human cells by a mechanism of autoimmunity. We identified the chaperones that can putatively participate in molecular mimicry phenomena after SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on those for which endothelial cell plasma-cell membrane localization has already been demonstrated. We also postulate that post-translational modifications, induced by physical (shear) and chemical (metabolic) stress caused respectively by the risk factors hypertension and diabetes, might have a role in determining plasma-cell membrane localization and, in turn, autoimmune-induced endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sébastien Légaré
- Département d'Informatique de l'ÉNS, ÉNS, CNRS, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Inria de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Giosuè Lo Bosco
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Fucarino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Angileri
- Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Alberto Jl Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.
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10
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Krishnan-Sivadoss I, Mijares-Rojas IA, Villarreal-Leal RA, Torre-Amione G, Knowlton AA, Guerrero-Beltrán CE. Heat shock protein 60 and cardiovascular diseases: An intricate love-hate story. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:29-71. [PMID: 32808366 PMCID: PMC9290735 DOI: 10.1002/med.21723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the result of complex pathophysiological processes in the tissues comprising the heart and blood vessels. Inflammation is the main culprit for the development of cardiovascular dysfunction, and it may be traced to cellular stress events including apoptosis, oxidative and shear stress, and cellular and humoral immune responses, all of which impair the system's structure and function. An intracellular chaperone, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is an intriguing example of a protein that may both be an ally and a foe for cardiovascular homeostasis; on one hand providing protection against cellular injury, and on the other triggering damaging responses through innate and adaptive immunity. In this review we will discuss the functions of HSP60 and its effects on cells and the immune system regulation, only to later address its implications in the development and progression of CVD. Lastly, we summarize the outcome of various studies targeting HSP60 as a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Krishnan-Sivadoss
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Iván A Mijares-Rojas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ramiro A Villarreal-Leal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, University of California, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - C Enrique Guerrero-Beltrán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
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Cappello F, Marino Gammazza A, Dieli F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL. Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-InducedAutoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072038. [PMID: 32610587 PMCID: PMC7408943 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses can generate molecular mimicry phenomena within their hosts. Why should severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not be considered one of these? Information in this short review suggests that it might be so and, thus, encourages research aiming at testing this possibility. We propose, as a working hypothesis, that the virus induces antibodies and that some of them crossreact with host’s antigens, thus eliciting autoimmune phenomena with devasting consequences in various tissues and organs. If confirmed, by in vitro and in vivo tests, this could drive researchers to find effective treatments against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.G.); (F.D.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90141 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (A.J.L.M.)
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.G.); (F.D.)
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90141 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Alberto JL Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90141 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (A.J.L.M.)
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12
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Caruso Bavisotto C, Alberti G, Vitale AM, Paladino L, Campanella C, Rappa F, Gorska M, Conway de Macario E, Cappello F, Macario AJL, Marino Gammazza A. Hsp60 Post-translational Modifications: Functional and Pathological Consequences. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:95. [PMID: 32582761 PMCID: PMC7289027 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp60 is a chaperone belonging to the Chaperonins of Group I and typically functions inside mitochondria in which, together with the co-chaperonin Hsp10, maintains protein homeostasis. In addition to this canonical role, Hsp60 plays many others beyond the mitochondria, for instance in the cytosol, plasma-cell membrane, extracellular space, and body fluids. These non-canonical functions include participation in inflammation, autoimmunity, carcinogenesis, cell replication, and other cellular events in health and disease. Thus, Hsp60 is a multifaceted molecule with a wide range of cellular and tissue locations and functions, which is noteworthy because there is only one hsp60 gene. The question is by what mechanism this protein can become multifaceted. Likely, one factor contributing to this diversity is post-translational modification (PTM). The amino acid sequence of Hsp60 contains many potential phosphorylation sites, and other PTMs are possible such as O-GlcNAcylation, nitration, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, citrullination, oxidation, and ubiquitination. The effect of some of these PTMs on Hsp60 functions have been examined, for instance phosphorylation has been implicated in sperm capacitation, docking of H2B and microtubule-associated proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, tumor invasiveness, and delay or facilitation of apoptosis. Nitration was found to affect the stability of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, to inhibit folding ability, and to perturb insulin secretion. Hyperacetylation was associated with mitochondrial failure; S-nitrosylation has an impact on mitochondrial stability and endothelial integrity; citrullination can be pro-apoptotic; oxidation has a role in the response to cellular injury and in cell migration; and ubiquitination regulates interaction with the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Future research ought to determine which PTM causes which variations in the Hsp60 molecular properties and functions, and which of them are pathogenic, causing chaperonopathies. This is an important topic considering the number of acquired Hsp60 chaperonopathies already cataloged, many of which are serious diseases without efficacious treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusi Alberti
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maria Vitale
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanella
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Magdalena Gorska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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14
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Zhou Z, Liu N, Wang Y, Emmanuel AW, You X, Liu J, Li Z, Wu Y, Zhong G. A primary study on genes with selected mutations by in vitro passage of Chlamydia muridarum strains. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5518358. [PMID: 31197357 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to investigate the functions of newly discovered genes in Chlamydia muridarum (C. muridarum) strains with single gene differences. METHODS Using whole genome sequencing and plaque formation assays, C. muridarum parental and passaging strains were established, and the isogenic clones expressing certain genotypes were isolated. Strains with single gene differences were obtained. Based on prediction, the valuable strains with single gene differences of tc0412, tc0668 or tc0237 were subjected to the in vitro and in vivo experiments for biological characterization and virulence analysis. RESULTS Insertional -472840T mutation of the tc0412 gene (T28T/B3 type) matching with the nonmutant tc0668 gene and tc0237 gene with point mutations G797659T (Q117E) might slow the growth of Chlamydia due to the lack of a plasmid. The nonmutant tc0668 in the strain might induce a high incidence of hydrosalpinx in mice, while tc0668 with a G797659T point mutation was significantly attenuated. Compared with the nonmutant tc0237, the strains containing mutant tc0237 were characterized by reduced centrifugation dependence during infection. CONCLUSION The identification and characterization of these genes might contribute to the comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of Chlamydia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yingzi Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Arthur Wirekoh Emmanuel
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxing You
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jiulin Liu
- Outstanding Physician Class in Grade 2016, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guangming Zhong
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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15
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Cheok YY, Lee CYQ, Cheong HC, Looi CY, Wong WF. Chronic Inflammatory Diseases at Secondary Sites Ensuing Urogenital or Pulmonary Chlamydia Infections. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8010127. [PMID: 31963395 PMCID: PMC7022716 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis and C. pneumoniae are members of the Chlamydiaceae family of obligate intracellular bacteria. The former causes diseases predominantly at the mucosal epithelial layer of the urogenital or eye, leading to pelvic inflammatory diseases or blindness; while the latter is a major causative agent for pulmonary infection. On top of these well-described diseases at the respective primary infection sites, Chlamydia are notoriously known to migrate and cause pathologies at remote sites of a host. One such example is the sexually acquired reactive arthritis that often occurs at few weeks after genital C. trachomatis infection. C. pneumoniae, on the other hand, has been implicated in an extensive list of chronic inflammatory diseases which include atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, asthma, and primary biliary cirrhosis. This review summarizes the Chlamydia infection associated diseases at the secondary sites of infection, and describes the potential mechanisms involved in the disease migration and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying Cheok
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (C.Y.Q.L.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Chalystha Yie Qin Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (C.Y.Q.L.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Heng Choon Cheong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (C.Y.Q.L.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.Y.C.); (C.Y.Q.L.); (H.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-7967-6672
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16
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Macario AJ, de Macario EC. Molecular mechanisms in chaperonopathies: clues to understanding the histopathological abnormalities and developing novel therapies. J Pathol 2019; 250:9-18. [PMID: 31579936 DOI: 10.1002/path.5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins (Hsps), are components of the chaperoning system and when defective can cause disease, the chaperonopathies. Chaperone-gene variants cause genetic chaperonopathies, whereas in the acquired chaperonopathies the genes are normal, but their protein products are not, due to aberrant post-transcriptional mechanisms, e.g. post-translational modifications (PTMs). Since the chaperoning system is widespread in the body, chaperonopathies affect various tissues and organs, making these diseases of interest to a wide range of medical specialties. Genetic chaperonopathies are uncommon but the acquired ones are frequent, encompassing various types of cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The clinical picture of chaperonopathies is known. Much less is known on the impact that pathogenic mutations and PTMs have on the properties and functions of chaperone molecules. Elucidation of these molecular alterations is necessary for understanding the mechanisms underpinning the tissue and organ abnormalities occurring in patients. To illustrate this issue, we discuss structural-functional alterations caused by mutation in the chaperones CCT5 and HSPA9, and PTM effects on Hsp60. The data provide insights into what may happen when CCT5 and HSPA9 malfunction in patients, e.g. accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates with tissue destruction; or for Hsp60 with aberrant PTM, degradation and/or secretion of the chaperonin with mitochondrial damage. These and other possibilities are now open for investigation. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jl Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
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17
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Cappello F, Rappa F, Canepa F, Carini F, Mazzola M, Tomasello G, Bonaventura G, Giuliana G, Leone A, Saguto D, Scalia F, Bucchieri F, Fucarino A, Campisi G. Probiotics Can Cure Oral Aphthous-Like Ulcers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Review of the Literature and a Working Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5026. [PMID: 31614427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been associated with the onset of several chronic autoimmune or inflammatory pathologies (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases-IBD), because of its primary role in the establishment of a chronic inflammatory process leading to tissue damage. Inflammatory bowel diseases can even involve areas far away from the gut, such as the extraintestinal manifestations involving the oral cavity with the onset of aphthous-like ulcers (ALU). Studies carried out on animal models have shown that intestinal dysbiosis may be related to the development of autoimmune diseases, even if the mechanisms involved are not yet well known. The aim of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that in inflammatory bowel diseases patients, aphthous-like ulcers are the result of the concomitance of intestinal dysbiosis and other events, e.g., the microtraumas, occurring in the oral mucosa, and that ex adiuvantibus therapy with probiotics can be employed to modify the natural course of the aphthous-like ulcers.
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18
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Cappello F, Mazzola M, Jurjus A, Zeenny MN, Jurjus R, Carini F, Leone A, Bonaventura G, Tomasello G, Bucchieri F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL. Hsp60 as a Novel Target in IBD Management: A Prospect. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 30800066 PMCID: PMC6376446 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses various pathological conditions similar but distinct that share a multifactorial etiology, including involvement of the intestinal barrier function, the immune system, and intestinal microorganisms. Hsp60 is a chaperonin component of the chaperoning system, present in all cells and tissues, including the intestine. It plays important roles in cell physiology outside and inside mitochondria, its canonical place of residence. However, Hsp60 can also be pathogenic in many conditions, the Hsp60 chaperonopathies, possibly including IBD. The various clinico-pathological types of IBD have a complicated mix of causative factors, among which Hsp60 can be considered a putatively important driver of events and could play an etiopathogenic role. This possibility is discussed in this review. We also indicate that Hsp60 can be a biomarker useful in disease diagnosing and monitoring and, if found active in pathogenesis, should become a target for developing new therapies. The latter are particularly needed to alleviate patient suffering and to prevent complications, including colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Francesco Cappello,
| | - Margherita Mazzola
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie-Noel Zeenny
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty Development Associate for Education Research, Center for Faculty Excellence, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Francesco Carini
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bonaventura
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tomasello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience University of Palermo (BIONEC-UniPA), Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore – Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore – Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
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19
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Tian K, Song Y, Zhou K, Yue B, Qiu Y, Sun F, Wang R, Zha D, Qiu J. Upregulation of HSP60 expression in the postnatal rat cochlea and rats with drug-induced hearing loss. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1311-1317. [PMID: 30196524 PMCID: PMC6237686 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a highly conserved chaperone molecule that plays important roles in mediating some physiological and pathological functions. However, researchers have not yet determined whether HSP60 is expressed in the mammalian cochlea. This study constitutes the first investigation of the expression of HSP60 in the postnatal rat cochlea. We also examined the expression of HSP60 in rats with drug-induced hearing loss. Auditory thresholds were assessed by monitoring the auditory brainstem response (ABR) prior to and after drug injection. Expression levels of the HSP60 gene (Hsp60) and HSP60 protein in the rat cochlea were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The distribution of HSP60 in the rat cochlea was further examined by immunofluorescence staining. We have demonstrated that HSP60 was expressed in the postnatal rat cochlea in an age-dependent and cell-specific manner. In addition, after drug exposure, the average hearing threshold of rats in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, with increased HSP60 expression level in response to kanamycin and furosemide treatments. HSP60 expression was observed in the supporting cells (SCs) within the organ of Corti in both the uninjured and the injured cochlea, but it was undetectable in the mechanosensory hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons. Therefore, our research suggests that HSP60 may play an important role in auditory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyong Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Yongli Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bo Yue
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Renfeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Dingjun Zha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi Province, China.
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20
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Abstract
Cogan's syndrome (CS) is defined by the combination of hearing loss, vertigo, and ocular inflammation of uncertain cause, and can be associated with variable vessel vasculitis. Vasculitic manifestations may include arteritis (affecting large, medium or small arteries), aortitis, and aortic and mitral valvulitis. Cutaneous manifestations including erythema, papules, subcutaneous nodules, and purpura sometimes occur; however, to date, only six cases have been histologically confirmed to have genuine vasculitis. Here, we report two cases of CS, one of which involved a patient who developed the typical symptoms of Takayasu arteritis and purpuric lesions in the legs, with histologic findings consistent with small vessel vaculitis in the dermis. The second case involved a patient who developed subcutaneous nodules in the legs and the axilla, and histologic findings revealed a necrotizing vasculitis of the small arteries in the interlobular area. Both cases were successfully treated with systemic steroid therapy. Based on the clinical features and the examination data, there is a possibility that a Chlamydia trachomatis infection played a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of those vasculitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Kawasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yokosuka General Hospital
| | - Seiji Kawana
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School
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21
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Almamy A, Schwerk C, Schroten H, Ishikawa H, Asif AR, Reuss B. Interactions of antisera to different Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species with the ribosomal protein RPS27a correlate with impaired protein synthesis in a human choroid plexus papilloma cell line. Immunol Res 2018; 65:1110-1123. [PMID: 28913776 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and the Chlamydophila species (CS) Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CPn), and Chlamydophila psittaci (CPs) are suggested to induce autoantibodies causative of several human autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of the present study was therefore to identify cellular protein interaction partners with antisera to CT (α-CT) or CS (α-CS) and to identify functional consequences of such interaction in vitro. As detected with a commercial first trimester human prenatal brain multiprotein array (hEXselect, Engine, Germany), the most frequent interaction partner with both α-CT and α-CS was the ribosomal small subunit protein RPS27a. This could be confirmed by Western blot analysis with a recombinant RPS27a sample. In addition, immunocytochemistry with both antisera in the human choroid plexus papilloma cell line HIBCPP revealed a granular cytoplasmic staining, and Western blot analysis with whole-cell protein samples of HIBCPP cells revealed both antisera to label protein bands of different molecular weights and intensity. By 2D Western blot analysis and mass spectrometry, one of the protein spots interacting with α-CT could be identified as the RPS27a. Finally, two different methods for the detection of protein synthesis activity, the SUnSET technique and an HPG fluorescence assay revealed both antisera to cause reduced translational activity in HIBCPP cells. Together with previous findings of RPS27a as an autoimmune target in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), these results suggest that infections with CT and/or CS could induce SLE-associated immune modifications. However, direct evidence for a pathogenic role of these interactions for SLE demands further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Almamy
- Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schwerk
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Abdul Rahman Asif
- Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Reuss
- Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, 37075, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
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van Ess EF, Ouburg S, Land JA, Morré SA. Comparison of the Mikrogen multi-target ELISA with the Mikrogen recomLine immunoblot for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis IgG antibodies in serum in infertile women. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 150:5-8. [PMID: 29746924 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) IgG serology is used in many fertility clinics in order to estimate the risk for tubal factor infertility (TFI) in the fertility work-up. The predictive value for TFI of the currently used mono-target CT serology test should be improved. This study compares the performance of the new multi-target Mikrogen recomWell CT IgG ELISA with the Mikrogen recomLine CT immunoblot and visualizes distribution of individual antibodies in serum with the immunoblot in order to potentially improve the current CT IgG serology test that is clinically used. METHODS Study population consisted of 183 Dutch Caucasian infertile women who underwent laparoscopy and/or hysterosalpingography. 48 women had TFI, 135 were controls. Serum was tested with Mikrogen CT IgG ELISA, which detects 3 CT IgG antibodies in one well, and Mikrogen CT immunoblot, which can individually detect 5 CT IgG antibodies. Tests were compared based on the results in general and in the case and control group also taking the individual antibodies into account. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), Kappa value and distribution of individual antibodies in positive samples were calculated. RESULTS In 183 patients 51% tested positive in the ELISA versus 35% in the immunoblot. 32% versus 65% tested negative. Difference between PPV was not statistically significant (33% and 39% respectively) and NPV in both tests was 81%. Difference in sensitivity and specificity was statistically significant, respectively 65% vs. 52% and 54% vs. 71%. Kappa was only 45%. 64.5% of samples that tested positive with ELISA were positive for at least 4 individual CT antibodies with the immunoblot. CONCLUSION The concordance between CT ELISA and CT immunoblot is moderate. Due to separate criteria for positivity of both tests there is a significant difference in sensitivity and specificity. PPV and NPV, the most relevant characteristics for clinicians, of both tests did not differ significantly. The distribution of individual antibodies and the adjustment of the immunoblot algorithm will be further explored in the future in order to develop a potentially better prediction method for TFI with a higher clinical accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F van Ess
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - S Ouburg
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J A Land
- Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S A Morré
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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23
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Cappello F, Conway de Macario E, Rappa F, Zummo G, Macario AJL. Immunohistochemistry of Human Hsp60 in Health and Disease: From Autoimmunity to Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1709:293-305. [PMID: 29177667 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7477-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hsp60 (also called Cpn60) is a chaperonin with essential functions for cell physiology and survival. Additionally, its involvement in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases (e.g., some autoimmune disorders and cancer) is becoming evident with new research. For example, the distribution and levels of Hsp60 in cells and tissues have been found altered in many pathologic conditions, and the significance of these alterations is being investigated in a number of laboratories. The aim of this ongoing research is to determine the meaning of these Hsp60 alterations with regard to pathogenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, classification of lesions, and assessing prognosis and response to treatment.Hsp60 occurs in the mitochondria, i.e., its typical residence according to classic knowledge, and also in other locales, such as the cytosol, the cell membrane, the intercellular space, and biological fluids (e.g., blood and cerebrospinal fluid). Detection and quantitative determinations in all these locations are becoming essential components of laboratory pathology in clinics and research. Consequently, immunohistochemistry targeting Hsp60 is also becoming essential for pathologists and researchers interested in disorders involving this chaperonin.In this chapter, we summarize some recent discoveries on the participation of Hsp60 in the pathogenesis of human diseases, and describe in detail how to perform immunohistochemical reactions for detecting the chaperonin, determining its location, and measuring its quantitative levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and IMET; Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zummo
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and IMET; Columbus Center, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA.
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24
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Jordan SJ, Geisler WM. Chlamydia trachomatis Infection. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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25
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Peng S, Li C, Wang X, Liu X, Han C, Jin T, Liu S, Zhang X, Zhang H, He X, Xie X, Yu X, Wang C, Shan L, Fan C, Shan Z, Teng W. Increased Toll-Like Receptors Activity and TLR Ligands in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:578. [PMID: 28018345 PMCID: PMC5145898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an organ-specific disorder due to the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors expressed abundantly on monocytes. There is a paucity of data on TLR expression in AITD. The aim of this study was to examine TLR expression, activation, ligands, and downstream signaling adaptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) extracted from untreated AITD patients and healthy controls. METHOD We isolated PBMC of 30 healthy controls, 36 patients with untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 30 patients with newly onset Graves' disease. TLR mRNA, protein expression, TLR ligands, and TLR adaptor molecules were measured using real-time PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PBMC was simulated with TLR agonists. The effects of TLR agonists on the viability of human PBMC were evaluated using the MTT assay. The supernatants of cell cultures were measured for the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 by ELISA. RESULTS TLR2, TLR3, TLR9, and TLR10 mRNA were significantly increased in AITD patients compared with controls. TLR2, TLR3, TLR9, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and RAGE expression on monocytes was higher in patients than control at baseline and TLR agonists' stimulation. The release of TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly increased in PBMCs from AITD patients with TLR agonists, while IL-10 was significantly decreased. Downstream targets of TLR, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and myeloid toll/IL-1 receptor-domain containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β were significantly elevated in AITD patients. Levels of TLR2 ligands, HMGB1, and heat shock protein 60 were significantly elevated in AITD patients compared with those in controls and positively correlated with TgAb and TPOAb, while sRAGE concentration was significantly decreased in AITD patients. CONCLUSION This work is the first to show that TLR2, TLR3, and TLR9 expression and activation are elevated in the PBMCs of patients with AITD and TLRs may participate in the pathogenesis of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Emergency, People’s Liberation Army No.202 Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochen Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenling Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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Voskakis I, Tsekoura C, Keramitsoglou T, Tsantoulas E, Deligeoroglou E, Creatsas G, Varla-Leftherioti M. Chlamydia trachomatis infection and Vγ9Vδ2 Τ cells in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 76:358-363. [PMID: 27561417 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (γ9δ2) are involved in antibacterial immune responses. The aim of this study was to look for associations between peripheral blood (PB) γ9δ2 T cells and cervix/vaginal Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). METHOD OF STUDY Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 201 RSA women within 10 days after they experienced a new miscarriage. γ9δ2 T cells and their percentage in total γδ T cells were compared between women who had been found and women who had not been found infected with Ct (last 6 months). Fertile women (82) served as control subjects. RESULTS The difference of mean percentages of γ9δ2 T cells between the abortion and control groups, and the Chlamydia (+) and Chlamydia (-) groups was highly statistically significant (P<.00001). Significant difference was also found between the Chlamydia (+) and Chlamydia (-) group and the control group (ANOVA). CONCLUSION The measurement of γ9δ2T cells may be useful to suspect possibly undiagnosed chlamydial infection in RSA women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Tsekoura
- Immunology and Histocompatibility, "Helena Venizelou" Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Keramitsoglou
- Immunology and Histocompatibility, "Helena Venizelou" Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Efthimios Deligeoroglou
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George Creatsas
- Second Department of Obstetrics, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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27
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Ansari Qeshmi S, Dabbagh F, Borhani Haghighi A, Ghasemi Y. Bioinformatics evaluation of the possibility of heat shock proteins as autoantigens in multiple sclerosis based on molecular mimicry hypothesis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 295-296:100-21. [PMID: 27235356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mimicry is the explanatory link between the heat shock proteins (HSPs) of infectious agents and triggering multiple sclerosis. Considering that there are many similarities between self- and bacterial-HSPs, the goal was to investigate a panel of 60- and 70kDa HSPs from a variety of bacteria in order to predict the role of each microorganism in triggering or progression of the disease under the molecular mimicry hypothesis. By clarifying the peptides meeting criteria for cross-reactivity and elucidating the role of each microorganism in MS pathogenesis, it would be easier to suggest more effective treatment and preventive strategies for this disease.
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28
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Seraceni S, Campisciano G, Contini C, Comar M. HPV genotypes distribution in Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection in a large cohort of women from north-east Italy. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:406-413. [PMID: 26944507 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis are pathogens with oncogenic potential associated with persistent infections. Epidemiological data on C. trachomatis infection status, C. trachomatis/HPV co-infection and the relationship between HPV genotypes in Italian women are only preliminary. The aim of the present study was to characterize the relationship between HPV genotypes and C. trachomatis in an extending cohort of asymptomatic immunocompetent women from an area of north-east Italy. A retrospective study was conducted using Luminex technology on cervical swabs from asymptomatic immunocompetent women, comprising 921 attending the prevention centre for the Cervical Cancer Program and 6214 who had been referred to the Sexually Transmitted Infections Center, with clinical indications of HPV and C. trachomatis infections. A quantitative real-time PCR was performed to assess chronic C. trachomatis infection by heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) gene expression. The overall prevalence of the investigated pathogens was 39 % (359/921) for HPV and 4 % (251/6214) for C. trachomatis. The Hsp60 gene was detected in 57 % of the women infected with C. trachomatis. HPV co-infection was present in 58 % of C. trachomatis-infected women. A high prevalence of co-infection was found in women with chronic C. trachomatis infection (68 %, P = 0.0002), especially in women ≤ 25 years (72 %) where HPV multiple infections were found in 78 % (P = 0.022). HPV genotype distribution showed that uncommon low-risk genotypes were associated with C. trachomatis. These results indicate a high frequency of co-detection of multiple HPV genotypes in chronically infected young women and suggest that the expression of the C. trachomatis Hsp60 gene may favour HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Seraceni
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo'-Via dell'Istria 65/1,34137 Trieste,Italy
| | | | - Carlo Contini
- University of Ferrara, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, via Fossato di Mortara n. 64/b,44121 Ferrara,Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo'-Via dell'Istria 65/1,34137 Trieste,Italy
- University of Trieste, via Piazzale Europa,1 34127 Trieste, Trieste,Italy
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Zuo D, Subjeck J, Wang XY. Unfolding the Role of Large Heat Shock Proteins: New Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2016; 7:75. [PMID: 26973652 PMCID: PMC4771732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) of eukaryotes are evolutionarily conserved molecules present in all the major intracellular organelles. They mainly function as molecular chaperones and participate in maintenance of protein homeostasis in physiological state and under stressful conditions. Despite their relative abundance, the large HSPs, i.e., Hsp110 and glucose-regulated protein 170 (Grp170), have received less attention compared to other conventional HSPs. These proteins are distantly related to the Hsp70 and belong to Hsp70 superfamily. Increased sizes of Hsp110 and Grp170, due to the presence of a loop structure, result in their exceptional capability in binding to polypeptide substrates or non-protein ligands, such as pathogen-associated molecules. These interactions that occur in the extracellular environment during tissue injury or microbial infection may lead to amplification of an immune response engaging both innate and adaptive immune components. Here, we review the current advances in understanding these large HSPs as molecular chaperones in proteostasis control and immune modulation as well as their therapeutic implications in treatment of cancer and neurodegeneration. Given their unique immunoregulatory activities, we also discuss the emerging evidence of their potential involvement in inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zuo
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Bellipanni G, Cappello F, Scalia F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJ, Giordano A. Zebrafish as a Model for the Study of Chaperonopathies. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2107-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Bellipanni
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Biology; College of Science and Technology, Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST); Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biology; College of Science and Technology, Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST); Palermo Italy
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Federica Scalia
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience; University of Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore and IMET; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Alberto J.L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST); Palermo Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore and IMET; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Biology; College of Science and Technology, Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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Quetglas EG, Mujagic Z, Wigge S, Keszthelyi D, Wachten S, Masclee A, Reinisch W. Update on pathogenesis and predictors of response of therapeutic strategies used in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12519-12543. [PMID: 26640330 PMCID: PMC4658608 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i44.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for biomarkers that characterize specific aspects of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has received substantial interest in the past years and is moving forward rapidly with the help of modern technologies. Nevertheless, there is a direct demand to identify adequate biomarkers for predicting and evaluating therapeutic response to different therapies. In this subset, pharmacogenetics deserves more attention as part of the endeavor to provide personalized medicine. The ultimate goal in this area is the adjustment of medication for a patient’s specific genetic background and thereby to improve drug efficacy and safety rates. The aim of the following review is to utilize the latest knowledge on immunopathogenesis of IBD and update the findings on the field of Immunology and Genetics, to evaluate the response to the different therapies. In the present article, more than 400 publications were reviewed but finally 287 included based on design, reproducibility (or expectancy to be reproducible and translationable into humans) or already measured in humans. A few tests have shown clinical applicability. Other, i.e., genetic associations for the different therapies in IBD have not yet shown consistent or robust results. In the close future it is anticipated that this, cellular and genetic material, as well as the determination of biomarkers will be implemented in an integrated molecular diagnostic and prognostic approach to manage IBD patients.
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Zhong Y, Tang H, Wang X, Zeng Q, Liu Y, Zhao XI, Yu K, Shi H, Zhu R, Mao X. Intranasal immunization with heat shock protein 60 induces CD4(+) CD25(+) GARP(+) and type 1 regulatory T cells and inhibits early atherosclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 183:452-68. [PMID: 26452441 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease involving both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Immune tolerance induction may have therapeutic potential for the suppression of atherosclerosis. Current interest is directed towards mucosal tolerance induction, especially nasal tolerance. Previous studies have shown that heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is recognized as an important autoantigen in atherosclerosis, and nasal or oral HSP60 can induce tolerance and ameliorate atherosclerosis by inducing several subsets of regulatory T cells (Tregs ) such as latency-associated peptide (LAP)(+) and forkhead box transcription factor 3 (FoxP3)(+) Tregs. However, little is known regarding the detailed mechanisms of nasal tolerance. Here, we again investigated the impact of nasal HSP60 on atherosclerosis and the mechanisms underlying the anti-atherosclerosis responses. We found that nasal HSP60 caused a significant 33·6% reduction in plaque size at the aortic root in the early stages of atherosclerosis (P < 0·001). Notably, a significant increase in activated CD4(+) CD25(+) glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP)(+) Tregs, type 1 Tregs (Tr1 cells), and CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) Tregs, as well as a marked decrease in the numbers of type 1 and 17 T helper cells was detected in the spleens and cervical lymph nodes of HSP60-treated mice. Moreover, nasal HSP60 increases the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-10 and decreases the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17. Interestingly, the atheroprotective role of nasal HSP60 treatment was abrogated partly by the neutralization of IL-10. Our findings show that nasal administration of HSP60 can attenuate atherosclerotic formation by inducing GARP(+) Tregs, Tr1 cells and FoxP3(+) Tregs, and that these Tregs maintain immune homeostasis by secreting IL-10 and TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - H Tang
- Department of Pediatric Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Q Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - X I Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - K Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - H Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - R Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - X Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Fernández-Boo S, Villalba A, Cao A. Variable protein profiles in extracellular products of the protistan parasite Perkinsus olseni among regions of the Spanish coast. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 132:233-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cappello F, Marino Gammazza A, Vilasi S, Ortore MG, San Biagio PL, Campanella C, Pace A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Taglialatela G, De Macario EC, Macario AJL. Chaperonotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: Focusing on HSP60. Heat Shock Proteins 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17211-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tomasello G, Tralongo P, Damiani P, Sinagra E, Trapani BD, Zeenny MN, Hussein IH, Jurjus A, Leone A. Dismicrobism in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer: Changes in response of colocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:18121-18130. [PMID: 25561781 PMCID: PMC4277951 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i48.18121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of 10%-15% developing colorectal cancer (CRC) that is a common disease of high economic costs in developed countries. The CRC has been increasing in recent years and its mortality rates are very high. Multiple biological and biochemical factors are responsible for the onset and progression of this pathology. Moreover, it appears absolutely necessary to investigate the environmental factors favoring the onset of CRC and the promotion of colonic health. The gut microflora, or microbiota, has an extensive diversity both quantitatively and qualitatively. In utero, the intestine of the mammalian fetus is sterile. At birth, the intestinal microbiota is acquired by ingesting maternal anal or vaginal organisms, ultimately developing into a stable community, with marked variations in microbial composition between individuals. The development of IBD is often associated with qualitative and quantitative disorders of the intestinal microbial flora (dysbiosis). The healthy human gut harbours about 10 different bacterial species distributed in colony forming units which colonize the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in health and in the progression of diseases such as IBD and CRC. In healthy subjects, the main control of intestinal bacterial colonization occurs through gastric acidity but other factors such as endoluminal temperature, competition between different bacterial strains, peristalsis and drugs can influence the intestinal microenvironment. The microbiota exerts diverse physiological functions to include: growth inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, synthesis of compounds useful for the trophism of colonic mucosa, regulation of intestinal lymphoid tissue and synthesis of amino acids. Furthermore, mucus seems to play an important role in protecting the intestinal mucosa and maintaining its integrity. Changes in the microbiota composition are mainly influenced by diet and age, as well as genetic factors. Increasing evidence indicates that dysbiosis favors the production of genotoxins and metabolites associated with carcinogenesis and induces dysregulation of the immune response which promotes and sustains inflammation in IBD leading to carcinogenesis. A disequilibrium in gut microflora composition leads to the specific activation of gut associated lymphoid tissue. The associated chronic inflammatory process associated increases the risk of developing CRC. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the two major IBDs characterized by an early onset and extraintestinal manifestations, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The pathogenesis of both diseases is complex and not yet fully known. However, it is widely accepted that an inappropriate immune response to microbial flora can play a pivotal role in IBD pathogenesis.
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Carlsen TG, Hjelholt A, Jurik AG, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Zejden A, Christiansen G, Deleuran B, Birkelund S. IgG subclass antibodies to human and bacterial HSP60 are not associated with disease activity and progression over time in axial spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:R61. [PMID: 23705835 PMCID: PMC4060232 DOI: 10.1186/ar4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spondyloarthritis (SpA), an interrelated group of rheumatic diseases, has been suggested to be triggered by bacterial infections prior to the development of an autoimmune response that causes inflammation of the spinal and peripheral joints. Because human heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), recently renamed HSPD1, and bacterial HSP60 are highly homologous, immunological cross-reactivity has been proposed as a mechanism of disease initiation. However, previous investigations of the humoral immune response to HSP60 in SpA patients have lacked determination of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses and patient follow-up. In this study, we have focused on these parameters in a cohort of axial SpA patients with a well-established set of clinical characteristics, including MRI changes and human leukocyte antigen B27. METHODS IgG subclass antibodies (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) against recombinant HSP60 of three reactive arthritis-related bacteria; human HSP60; and the microorganisms Chlamydia trachomatis and C. pneumoniae were determined by ELISA. Serum samples collected from 2004 to 2006 and in 2010 and 2011 from 39 axial SpA patients were analyzed and compared with samples from 39 healthy controls. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon matched pairs test were used to compare the antibody levels in different and paired groups, respectively. P < 0.01 was considered significant. The Spearman nonparametric correlation was used to determine correlation between antibody levels and between antibody levels and the disease parameters. RESULTS Elevated levels of IgG1 and IgG3 to human HSP60 and IgG1 to HSP60 of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis were observed in SpA patients compared with healthy controls at both time points. The antibody levels were almost constant over time for IgG1, whereas high levels of IgG3 to human HSP60 tended to decrease over time. The antibody response to human HSP60 was predominantly of the IgG3 subclass, and patients with high levels of IgG3 to this antigen had low levels of IgG1, indicating an inverse association. Different IgG subclasses were produced against bacterial and human HSP60 in the same serum sample, IgG1 and IgG3, respectively, indicating that there was no cross-reaction. CONCLUSIONS A significant association was observed between axial SpA and the presence of IgG1/IgG3 antibodies to human HSP60 and of IgG1 to S. enterica Enteritidis and C. trachomatis. Generation of antibodies to human HSP60 was independent of the presence of antibodies to bacterial HSP60. No association was observed between clinical and MRI changes with antibodies over time. Altogether, such antibodies do not reflect the disease activity in these patients. This study has been approved by the Regional Research Ethics Committee of Central Jutland, Denmark. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS 20050046 and 20100083
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Seraceni S, De Seta F, Colli C, Del Savio R, Pesel G, Zanin V, D'Agaro P, Contini C, Comar M. High prevalence of hpv multiple genotypes in women with persistent chlamydia trachomatis infection. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:30. [PMID: 25621003 PMCID: PMC4304071 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis interaction with HR-HPV types has highlighted a central role in cervical cancer development. The aim of this study was to investigate HPV prevalence and genotypes distribution in women at risk for C. trachomatis infection and negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy. METHODS 1071 cervical swabs were tested for C. trachomatis by Real Time PCR and genotyping by ompA gene sequencing. Additionally, a quantitative Real time-PCR was performed to assess the expression of the C. trachomatis Hsp60-encoding gene (Ct604 portion), linked to a persistent status of infection. HPV infection and genotypes was investigated in C. trachomatis positive women using Luminex technology. RESULTS C. trachomatis infection was detected in 53 out of 1071 (4.5%) samples, of which the 53% resulted positive for Hsp60 gene expression. The overall prevalence of HPV infection in C. trachomatis positive samples was of 60.4% (32/53): in 37.5% of samples was present a single genotype, while multiple genotypes infections were found in the 62.5% of them. Among women with a C. trachomatis chronic infection, 68% were HPV co-infected and the 79% showed multiple genotypes. Should be noted that levels of C. trachomatis Hsp60 expression in HPV co-infected women were significantly lower compared to women infected only with C. trachomatis. The C. trachomatis serotype F was found in the majority of samples, independently of HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of HPV multiple infections have been found in young women affected with a C. trachomatis chronic infection. These observations suggested that the expression of CHSP60-1, interfering with both apoptotic and cellular senescence pathways, may promote a favourable local microenvironment for HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Seraceni
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" via dell' Istria 65, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" via dell' Istria 65, 34100 Trieste, Italy.,Medical Science Department, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Colli
- Sexually Transmitted Infection Center, ASS 1, via Gatteri1, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossella Del Savio
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" via dell' Istria 65, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliano Pesel
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" via dell' Istria 65, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Zanin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" via dell' Istria 65, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierlanfranco D'Agaro
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" via dell' Istria 65, 34100 Trieste, Italy.,Medical Science Department, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Contini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/B, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" via dell' Istria 65, 34100 Trieste, Italy.,Medical Science Department, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34100 Trieste, Italy
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Marino Gammazza A, Rizzo M, Citarrella R, Rappa F, Campanella C, Bucchieri F, Patti A, Nikolic D, Cabibi D, Amico G, Conaldi PG, San Biagio PL, Montalto G, Farina F, Zummo G, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Cappello F. Elevated blood Hsp60, its structural similarities and cross-reactivity with thyroid molecules, and its presence on the plasma membrane of oncocytes point to the chaperonin as an immunopathogenic factor in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:343-53. [PMID: 24057177 PMCID: PMC3982029 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role Hsp60 might play in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is under investigation, but little information exists pertaining to Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). With the aim to fill this gap, in the present work, we directed our attention to Hsp60 participation in HT pathogenesis. We found Hsp60 levels increased in the blood of HT patients compared to controls. The chaperonin was immunolocalized in thyroid tissue specimens from patients with HT, both in thyrocytes and oncocytes (Hurthle cells) with higher levels compared to controls (goiter). In oncocytes, we found Hsp60 not only in the cytoplasm but also on the plasma membrane, as shown by double immunofluorescence performed on fine needle aspiration cytology. By bioinformatics, we found regions in the Hsp60 molecule with remarkable structural similarity with the thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) molecules, which supports the notion that autoantibodies against TG and TPO are likely to recognize Hsp60 on the plasma membrane of oncocytes. This was also supported by data obtained by ELISA, showing that anti-TG and anti-TPO antibodies cross-react with human recombinant Hsp60. Antibody-antigen (Hsp60) reaction on the cell surface could very well mediate thyroid cell damage and destruction, perpetuating inflammation. Experiments with recombinant Hsp60 did not show stimulation of cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HT patients. All together, these results led us to hypothesize that Hsp60 may be an active player in HT pathogenesis via an antibody-mediated immune mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marino Gammazza
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Campanella
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Patti
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- />Department of Human Pathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Amico
- />Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie (ISMETT) ad Alta Specializzazione and RIMED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- />Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie (ISMETT) ad Alta Specializzazione and RIMED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi San Biagio
- />Institute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- />Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Felicia Farina
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zummo
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- />Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and IMET, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- />Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and IMET, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Francesco Cappello
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- />Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
- />Institute of Biophysics (IBF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
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Tu J, Hou B, Wang B, Lin X, Gong W, Dong H, Zhu S, Chen S, Xue X, Zhao KN, Zhang L. A multi-epitope vaccine based on Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein induces specific immunity in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:401-8. [PMID: 24681882 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a candidate vaccine comprising the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) multi-epitope of Chlamydia trachomatis. A short gene of multi-epitope derived from MOMP containing multiple T- and B-cell epitopes was artificially synthesized. The recombinant plasmid pET32a(+) containing codon optimized MOMP multi-epitope gene was constructed. Expression of the fusion protein Trx-His-MOMP multi-epitope in Escherichia coli was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. Balb/c mice were inoculated with the purified fusion protein subcutaneously three times with 2-week intervals. Results showed that the MOMP multi-epitope elicited not only strong humoral immune responses to C. trachomatis by generating significantly high levels of specific antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), but also a cellular immune response by inducing robust cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in mice. Furthermore, the MOMP multi-epitope substantially primed secretion of IFN-γ, revealing that this vaccine could induce a strong Th1 response. Finally, the mice vaccinated with the MOMP multi-epitope displayed a reduction of C. trachomatis shedding upon a chlamydial challenge and an accelerated clearance of the infected C. trachomatis. In conclusion, the MOMP multi-epitope vaccine may have the potentiality for the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against the C. trachomatis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Tu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Eggert-Kruse W, Scholz S, Kirschfink M, Strowitzki T. Recurrent miscarriages, innate immunity, and autoimmune reaction to chlamydial 60-kDa heat shock protein--is there an association? Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1675-80. [PMID: 24680363 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a potential association of immunity to the Chlamydia trachomatis 60kDa heat shock protein (ChlamHSP60) and recurrent miscarriages. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Outpatient miscarriage clinic of a university-based hospital. PATIENT(S) 120 asymptomatic women with a history of recurrent miscarriages. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Determination of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (Ab) to ChlamHSP60 and human HSP60 and, in parallel, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and the total hemolytic complement (CH50); medical history and clinical examination, including multiple relevant laboratory determinants. RESULT(S) ChlamHSP60 Ab were detected in 24 (20%) of 120 patients. Antibodies to human HSP60 were found in 19 (15.8%) of 120 patients, and more frequently in individuals who tested positive for ChlamHSP60. ChlamHSP60 were statistically significantly associated with antichlamydial IgG Ab. However, antibodies to ChlamHSP60 were not related to medical history, the number of abortions, or the time frame of fetal loss. ChlamHSP60 antibodies were not associated with the relevant variables of the coagulation cascade, a panel of autoimmune parameters including thyroid autoimmunity, deficiencies of the complement system (low MBL), or with antibodies to common infectious diseases. No statistically significant differences were was found when comparing the prevalence of ChlamHSP60 Ab in the study group with recurrent miscarriages and 90 controls (women attending for an annual pelvic examination). CONCLUSION(S) Immunity to ChlamHSP60 does not play a major role in the etiology of recurrent miscarriages.
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Baud D, Zufferey J, Hohlfeld P, Greub G. Performance of an automated multiplex immunofluorescence assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis immunoglobulin G. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 78:217-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eggert-Kruse W, Batschulat K, Demirakca T, Strowitzki T. Male immunity to the chlamydial 60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP 60) - associated with semen quality? Andrologia 2014; 47:66-76. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. Eggert-Kruse
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine; Women's Hospital; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - K. Batschulat
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine; Women's Hospital; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - T. Demirakca
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine; Women's Hospital; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - T. Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine; Women's Hospital; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
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Cappello F, Marino Gammazza A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Campanella C, Pace A, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL. Hsp60 chaperonopathies and chaperonotherapy: targets and agents. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 18:185-208. [PMID: 24286280 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.856417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hsp60 (Cpn60) assembles into a tetradecamer that interacts with the co-chaperonin Hsp10 (Cpn10) to assist client polypeptides to fold, but it also has other roles, including participation in pathogenic mechanisms. AREA COVERED Hsp60 chaperonopathies are pathological conditions, inherited or acquired, in which the chaperone plays a determinant etiologic-pathogenic role. These diseases justify selection of Hsp60 as a target for developing agents that interfere with its pathogenic effects. We provide information on how to proceed. EXPERT OPINION The information available encourages the development of ways to improve Hsp60 activity (positive chaperonotherapy) when deficient or to block it (negative chaperonotherapy) when pathogenic. Many questions are still unanswered and obstacles are obvious. More information is needed to establish when and why autologous Hsp60 becomes a pathogenic autoantigen, or induces cytokine formation and inflammation, or favors carcinogenesis. Clarification of these points will take considerable time. However, analysis of the Hsp60 molecule and a search for active compounds aimed at structural sites that will affect its functioning should continue without interruption. No doubt that some of these compounds will offer therapeutic hopes and will also be instrumental for dissecting structure-function relationships at the biochemical and biological (using animal models and cultured cells) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy
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Elfaitouri A, Herrmann B, Bölin-Wiener A, Wang Y, Gottfries CG, Zachrisson O, Pipkorn R, Rönnblom L, Blomberg J. Epitopes of microbial and human heat shock protein 60 and their recognition in myalgic encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81155. [PMID: 24312270 PMCID: PMC3842916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME, also called Chronic Fatigue Syndrome), a common disease with chronic fatigability, cognitive dysfunction and myalgia of unknown etiology, often starts with an infection. The chaperonin human heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) occurs in mitochondria and in bacteria, is highly conserved, antigenic and a major autoantigen. The anti-HSP60 humoral (IgG and IgM) immune response was studied in 69 ME patients and 76 blood donors (BD) (the Training set) with recombinant human and E coli HSP60, and 136 30-mer overlapping and targeted peptides from HSP60 of humans, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and 26 other species in a multiplex suspension array. Peptides from HSP60 helix I had a chaperonin-like activity, but these and other HSP60 peptides also bound IgG and IgM with an ME preference, theoretically indicating a competition between HSP60 function and antibody binding. A HSP60-based panel of 25 antigens was selected. When evaluated with 61 other ME and 399 non-ME samples (331 BD, 20 Multiple Sclerosis and 48 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients), a peptide from Chlamydia pneumoniae HSP60 detected IgM in 15 of 61 (24%) of ME, and in 1 of 399 non-ME at a high cutoff (p<0.0001). IgM to specific cross-reactive epitopes of human and microbial HSP60 occurs in a subset of ME, compatible with infection-induced autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elfaitouri
- Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Herrmann
- Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agnes Bölin-Wiener
- Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yilin Wang
- Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Lars Rönnblom
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Blomberg
- Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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McNulty S, Colaco CA, Blandford LE, Bailey CR, Baschieri S, Todryk S. Heat-shock proteins as dendritic cell-targeting vaccines--getting warmer. Immunology 2013; 139:407-15. [PMID: 23551234 PMCID: PMC3719058 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (hsp) provide a natural link between innate and adaptive immune responses by combining the ideal properties of antigen carriage (chaperoning), targeting and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC), including dendritic cells (DC). Targeting is achieved through binding of hsp to distinct cell surface receptors and is followed by antigen internalization, processing and presentation. An improved understanding of the interaction of hsp with DC has driven the development of numerous hsp-containing vaccines, designed to deliver antigens directly to DC. Studies in mice have shown that for cancers, such vaccines generate impressive immune responses and protection from tumour challenge. However, translation to human use, as for many experimental immunotherapies, has been slow partly because of the need to perform trials in patients with advanced cancers, where demonstration of efficacy is challenging. Recently, the properties of hsp have been used for development of prophylactic vaccines against infectious diseases including tuberculosis and meningitis. These hsp-based vaccines, in the form of pathogen-derived hsp-antigen complexes, or recombinant hsp combined with selected antigens in vitro, offer an innovative approach against challenging diseases where broad antigen coverage is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun McNulty
- ImmunoBiology Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK.
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Bellavia M, Tomasello G, Romeo M, Damiani P, Lo Monte AI, Lozio L, Campanella C, Marino Gammazza A, Rappa F, Zummo G. Gut microbiota imbalance and chaperoning system malfunction are central to ulcerative colitis pathogenesis and can be counteracted with specifically designed probiotics: a working hypothesis. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2013;202:393-406. [PMID: 23864544 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-013-0305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we propose that for further studies of the physiopathology and treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases, an integral view of the conditions, including the triad of microbiota-heat shock proteins (HSPs)-probiotics, ought to be considered. Microbiota is the complex microbial flora that resides in the gut, affecting not only gut functions but also the health status of the whole body. Alteration in the microbiota's composition has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions (e.g., ulcerative colitis, UC), involving both gut and extra-intestinal tissues and organs. Some of these pathologies are also associated with an altered expression of HSPs (chaperones) and this is the reason why they may be considered chaperonopathies. Probiotics, which are live microorganisms able to restore the correct, healthy equilibrium of microbiota composition, can ameliorate symptoms in patients suffering from UC and modulate expression levels of HSPs. However, currently probiotic therapy follows ex-adiuvantibus criteria, i.e., treatments with beneficial effects but whose mechanism of action is unknown, which should be changed so the probiotics needed in each case are predetermined on the basis of the patient's microbiota. Consequently, efforts are necessary to develop diagnostic tools for elucidating levels and distribution of HSPs and the microbiota composition (microbiota fingerprint) of each subject and, thus, guide specific probiotic therapy, tailored to meet the needs of the patient. Microbiota fingerprinting ought to include molecular biology techniques for sequencing highly conserved DNA, e.g., genes encoding 16S RNA, for species identification and, in addition, quantification of each relevant microbe.
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Mackern-Oberti JP, Motrich RD, Breser ML, Sánchez LR, Cuffini C, Rivero VE. Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the male genital tract: an update. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 100:37-53. [PMID: 23870458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most prevalent cause of sexually transmitted diseases. Although the prevalence of chlamydial infection is similar in men and women, current research and screening are still focused on women, who develop the most severe complications, leaving the study of male genital tract (MGT) infection underrated. Herein, we reviewed the literature on genital CT infection with special focus on the MGT. Data indicate that CT certainly infects different parts of the MGT such as the urethra, seminal vesicles, prostate, epididymis and testis. However, whether or not CT infection has detrimental effects on male fertility is still controversial. The most important features of CT infection are its chronic nature and the presence of a mild inflammation that remains subclinical in most individuals. Chlamydia antigens and pathogen recognition receptors (PRR), expressed on epithelial cells and immune cells from the MGT, have been studied in the last years. Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression has been observed in the testis, epididymis, prostate and vas deferens. It has been demonstrated that recognition of chlamydial antigens is associated with TLR2, TLR4, and possibly, other PRRs. CT recognition by PRRs induces a local production of cytokines/chemokines, which, in turn, provoke chronic inflammation that might evolve in the onset of an autoimmune process in genetically susceptible individuals. Understanding local immune response along the MGT, as well as the crosstalk between resident leukocytes, epithelial, and stromal cells, would be crucial in inducing a protective immunity, thus adding to the design of new therapeutic approaches to a Chlamydia vaccine.
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Jang EJ, Jung KY, Hwang E, Jang YJ. Characterization of human anti-heat shock protein 60 monoclonal autoantibody Fab fragments in atherosclerosis: Genetic and functional analysis. Mol Immunol 2013; 54:338-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kang Y, Wang F, Lu Z, Ying H, Zhang H, Ding W, Wang C, Shi L. MAPK kinase 3 potentiates Chlamydia HSP60-induced inflammatory response through distinct activation of NF-κB. J Immunol 2013; 191:386-94. [PMID: 23729445 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumonia (C. pneumonia) remains one of the leading causes of bacterial pneumonia and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some inflammation-related diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and vascular diseases. Heat shock protein 60 is one of the pathogenic components of C. pneumonia that is closely associated with the inflammatory disorders. However, the molecular basis for the immunopathologic property of chlamydial heat shock protein (cHSP60) has not been elucidated. In this article, we report that MAPK kinase 3 (MKK3) is essential for cHSP60-induced lung inflammation, because MKK3-knockout mice displayed significantly reduced lung neutrophil accumulation and decreased production of proinflammatory mediators, correlating with the alleviated inflammatory response in lung tissues. Mechanistically, p38 kinase was selectively activated by MKK3 in response to cHSP60 and activated NF-κB by stimulating the nuclear kinase, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1. The specific knockdown of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 in macrophages resulted in a defective phosphorylation of NF-κB/RelA at Ser(276) but had no apparent effect on RelA translocation. Furthermore, TGF-β-activated kinase 1 was found to relay the signal to MKK3 from TLR4, the major receptor that sensed cHSP60 in the initiation of the inflammatory response. Thus, we establish a critical role for MKK3 signaling in cHSP60 pathology and suggest a novel mechanism underlying C. pneumonia-associated inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Kang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
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Polkinghorne A, Hanger J, Timms P. Recent advances in understanding the biology, epidemiology and control of chlamydial infections in koalas. Vet Microbiol 2013; 165:214-23. [PMID: 23523170 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is recognised as a threatened wildlife species in various parts of Australia. A major contributing factor to the decline and long-term viability of affected populations is disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacteria, Chlamydia. Two chlamydial species infect the koala, Chlamydia pecorum and Chlamydia pneumoniae, and have been reported in nearly all mainland koala populations. Chlamydial infections of koalas are associated with ocular infections leading to blindness and genital tract infections linked to infertility, among other serious clinical manifestations. Diagnosis can be based on clinical presentation alone, however, it is complicated by the observation that many koala chlamydial infections occur with no overt signs of clinical disease. Instead, accurate diagnosis requires detailed clinical assessment and confirmatory testing by a range of PCR-based assays. Antibiotic treatment for koala chlamydial infection is possible, however, results on its success are mixed. A more practical solution for the protection of diseased populations is the application of a koala Chlamydia vaccine, with recent trials indicating promising results. Interestingly, molecular epidemiology studies of koala C. pecorum infections and recent comparative genomic analyses of koala C. pneumoniae have revealed potential differences in their origin that will have wider ramifications for our understanding of human chlamydial infections and host adaptation of the chlamydiae. This review summarises changes to the taxonomy of koala chlamydial infections and recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, control and evolution of Chlamydia infections in this iconic wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Polkinghorne
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane 4059, Australia.
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