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Zhang S, Wang Z, Jiang J, Feng G, Fan S. Lactobacillus reuteri's multifaceted role in mitigating ionizing radiation-induced injury in Drosophila melanogaster. Food Funct 2024; 15:3522-3538. [PMID: 38465872 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05422e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The numerous beneficial probiotic properties of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) include decreasing metabolic syndrome, preventing disorders linked to oxidative stress, improving gut flora imbalances, controlling immunological function, and extending life span. Exposure to ionizing radiation is closely associated with several disorders. We examined the protective and salvaging effects of L. reuteri on ionizing radiation-induced injury to the intestinal tract, reproductive system, and nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster. We also examined its effects on lifespan, antioxidant capacity, progeny development, and behavioral aspects to assess the interaction between L. reuteri and ionizing radiation-induced injury. The findings demonstrated that L. reuteri improved the median survival time following irradiation and greatly extended its lifespan. In addition, it raised SOD activity, reduced ROS levels in intestinal epithelial cells, and increased the quantity of intestinal stem cells. Furthermore, L. reuteri enhanced the adult male flies' capacity to move. It also successfully safeguarded the generations' growth and development. L. reuteri dramatically enhanced expression of the AMPKα gene and regulated expression of its pathway-related gene, mTOR, as well as the autophagy-related genes Atg1 and Atg5 in female Drosophila exposed to irradiation. Notably, no prior reports have been made on the possible effects of L. reuteri on injuries caused by irradiation. As a result, our research offers important new information regarding L. reuteri's possible role as a shield against ionizing radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China.
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China.
| | - Jin Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China.
| | - Guoxing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China.
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China.
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Wang J, Li X, Wang X, Zhang C, Hao Y, Jin LH. The zinc finger protein CG12744 regulates intestinal stem cells in aged Drosophila through the EGFR and BMP pathways. Life Sci 2024; 340:122485. [PMID: 38311220 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM Aging is a process characterized by a time-dependent decline in the functionality of adult stem cells and is closely associated with age-related diseases. However, understanding how aging promotes disease and its underlying causes is critical for combating aging. MAIN METHODS The offspring of UAS-Gal4 and CG12744RNAiDrosophila were cultured for 33 days to evaluate the role of CG12744 in the aging intestine. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect specific cell type markers for assessing proliferation and differentiation. qRT-PCR was used to observe the changes in signaling regulating intestinal homeostasis in the aging intestine after CG12744 knockdown. 16S rRNA-seq analysis was also conducted to elucidate the role of gut microbes in CG12744-mediated intestinal dysfunction. KEY FINDINGS The mRNA levels of CG12744 were significantly increased in the aged midguts. Knockdown of CG12744 in progenitor cells further exacerbates the age-related intestinal hyperplasia and dysfunction. In particular, upon depletion of CG12744 in progenitors, enteroblasts (EBs) exhibited an increased propensity to differentiate along the enteroendocrine cell (EE) lineage. In contrast, the overexpression of CG12744 in progenitor cells restrained age-related gut hyperplasia in Drosophila. Moreover, CG12744 prevented age-related intestinal stem cell (ISC) overproliferation and differentiation by modulating the EGFR, JNK, and BMP pathways. In addition, the inhibition of CG12744 resulted in a significant increase in the gut microbial composition in aging flies. SIGNIFICANCE This study established a role for the CG12744 in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells, thereby identifying a potential therapeutic target for diseases caused by age-related dysfunction stem cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Wang
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xianhao Li
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yangguang Hao
- Department of Basic Medical, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Li Hua Jin
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China.
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Park JS, Na HJ, Kim YJ. The anti-aging effect of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in Drosophila midgut. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2005-2025. [PMID: 38329439 PMCID: PMC10911382 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are pivotal for maintaining tissue homeostasis, and their functional decline is linked to aging and its associated diseases, influenced by the niche cells' environment. Age- and cancer-related reduction of vitamin D and its receptor levels are well documented in human clinical studies. However, the mechanisms through which the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway contributes to anti-aging and extends life expectancy are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective role of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway in differentiated enterocytes (ECs) during intestinal stem cell (ISC) aging. By utilizing a well- established Drosophila midgut model for stem cell aging biology, we revealed that vitamin D receptor knockdown in ECs induced ISC proliferation, EC death, ISC aging, and enteroendocrine cell differentiation. Additionally, age- and oxidative stress-induced increases in ISC proliferation and centrosome amplification were reduced by vitamin D treatment. Our findings suggest a direct evidence of the anti-aging role of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying healthy aging in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Sun Park
- Institute of Nanobio Convergence, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Na
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Hodge RA, Ghannam M, Edmond E, de la Torre F, D’Alterio C, Kaya NH, Resnik-Docampo M, Reiff T, Jones DL. The septate junction component bark beetle is required for Drosophila intestinal barrier function and homeostasis. iScience 2023; 26:106901. [PMID: 37332603 PMCID: PMC10276166 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of intestinal barrier function has been documented across species, but the causes remain unknown. The intestinal barrier is maintained by tight junctions (TJs) in mammals and septate junctions (SJs) in insects. Specialized TJs/SJs, called tricellular junctions (TCJs), are located at the nexus of three adjacent cells, and we have shown that aging results in changes to TCJs in intestines of adult Drosophila melanogaster. We now demonstrate that localization of the TCJ protein bark beetle (Bark) decreases in aged flies. Depletion of bark from enterocytes in young flies led to hallmarks of intestinal aging and shortened lifespan, whereas depletion of bark in progenitor cells reduced Notch activity, biasing differentiation toward the secretory lineage. Our data implicate Bark in EC maturation and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Understanding the assembly and maintenance of TCJs to ensure barrier integrity may lead to strategies to improve tissue integrity when function is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Hodge
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mirna Ghannam
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emma Edmond
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fernando de la Torre
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cecilia D’Alterio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nida Hatice Kaya
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Resnik-Docampo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tobias Reiff
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D. Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Wu K, Tang Y, Zhang Q, Zhuo Z, Sheng X, Huang J, Ye J, Li X, Liu Z, Chen H. Aging-related upregulation of the homeobox gene caudal represses intestinal stem cell differentiation in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009649. [PMID: 34228720 PMCID: PMC8284806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation efficiency of adult stem cells undergoes a significant decline in aged animals, which is closely related to the decline in organ function and age-associated diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms that ultimately lead to this observed decline of the differentiation efficiency of stem cells remain largely unclear. This study investigated Drosophila midguts and identified an obvious upregulation of caudal (cad), which encodes a homeobox transcription factor. This factor is traditionally known as a central regulator of embryonic anterior-posterior body axis patterning. This study reports that depletion of cad in intestinal stem/progenitor cells promotes quiescent intestinal stem cells (ISCs) to become activate and produce enterocytes in the midgut under normal gut homeostasis conditions. However, overexpression of cad results in the failure of ISC differentiation and intestinal epithelial regeneration after injury. Moreover, this study suggests that cad prevents intestinal stem/progenitor cell differentiation by modulating the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of the transcription pathway and Sox21a-GATAe signaling cascade. Importantly, the reduction of cad expression in intestinal stem/progenitor cells restrained age-associated gut hyperplasia in Drosophila. This study identified a function of the homeobox gene cad in the modulation of adult stem cell differentiation and suggested a potential gene target for the treatment of age-related diseases induced by age-related stem cell dysfunction. Adult stem cells undergo an aging-related decline of differentiation efficiency in aged animals. However, the underlying mechanisms that ultimately lead to this observed decline of differentiation efficiency in stem cells still remain largely unclear. By using the Drosophila midgut as a model system, this study identified the homeobox family transcription factor gene caudal (cad), the expression of which is significantly upregulated in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and progenitor cells of aged Drosophila. Depletion of cad promoted quiescent ISCs to become activate and produce enterocytes (ECs) in midguts under normal gut homeostasis conditions; However, overexpression of cad resulted in the failure of ISC differentiation and intestinal epithelial regeneration after injury. Moreover, cad prevents ISC-to-EC differentiation by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling, and the expressions of Sox21a and GATAe. Reduction of cad expression in intestinal stem/progenitor cells restrained age-associated gut hyperplasia in Drosophila. These findings enable a detailed understanding of the roles of homeobox genes in the modulation of adult stem cell aging in humans. This will be beneficial for the treatment of age-associated diseases that are caused by a functional decline of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangpeng Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Sheng
- Laboratory for Aging and Stem Cell Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie’er Ye
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Laboratory for Aging and Stem Cell Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory for Aging and Stem Cell Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Resnik-Docampo M, Cunningham KM, Ruvalcaba SM, Choi C, Sauer V, Jones DL. Neuroglian regulates Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation through enhanced signaling via the epidermal growth factor receptor. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1584-1597. [PMID: 33961791 PMCID: PMC8190597 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila intestine is an excellent system for elucidating mechanisms regulating stem cell behavior. Here we show that the septate junction (SJ) protein Neuroglian (Nrg) is expressed in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and enteroblasts (EBs) within the fly intestine. SJs are not present between ISCs and EBs, suggesting Nrg plays a different role in this tissue. We reveal that Nrg is required for ISC proliferation in young flies, and depletion of Nrg from ISCs and EBs suppresses increased ISC proliferation in aged flies. Conversely, overexpression of Nrg in ISC and EBs promotes ISC proliferation, leading to an increase in cells expressing ISC/EB markers; in addition, we observe an increase in epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) activation. Genetic epistasis experiments reveal that Nrg acts upstream of Egfr to regulate ISC proliferation. As Nrg function is highly conserved in mammalian systems, our work characterizing the role of Nrg in the intestine has implications for the treatment of intestinal disorders that arise due to altered ISC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Resnik-Docampo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathleen M Cunningham
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S Mateo Ruvalcaba
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Charles Choi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vivien Sauer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - D Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Krishnan M, Kumar S, Kangale LJ, Ghigo E, Abnave P. The Act of Controlling Adult Stem Cell Dynamics: Insights from Animal Models. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050667. [PMID: 33946143 PMCID: PMC8144950 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) are the undifferentiated cells that possess self-renewal and differentiation abilities. They are present in all major organ systems of the body and are uniquely reserved there during development for tissue maintenance during homeostasis, injury, and infection. They do so by promptly modulating the dynamics of proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration. Any imbalance in these processes may result in regeneration failure or developing cancer. Hence, the dynamics of these various behaviors of ASCs need to always be precisely controlled. Several genetic and epigenetic factors have been demonstrated to be involved in tightly regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of ASCs. Understanding these mechanisms is of great importance, given the role of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Investigations on various animal models have played a significant part in enriching our knowledge and giving In Vivo in-sight into such ASCs regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we have discussed the recent In Vivo studies demonstrating the role of various genetic factors in regulating dynamics of different ASCs viz. intestinal stem cells (ISCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and epidermal stem cells (Ep-SCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Krishnan
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Gurgaon-Faridabad Ex-pressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Gurgaon-Faridabad Ex-pressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Luis Johnson Kangale
- IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France;
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Eric Ghigo
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
- TechnoJouvence, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Prasad Abnave
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Gurgaon-Faridabad Ex-pressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (M.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Dietary intervention has received considerable attention as an approach to extend lifespan and improve aging. However, questions remain regarding optimal dietary regimes and underlying mechanisms of lifespan extension. Here, we asked how an increase of glucose in a chemically defined diet extends the lifespan of adult Drosophila melanogaster We showed that glucose-dependent lifespan extension is not a result of diminished caloric intake, or changes to systemic insulin activity, two commonly studied mechanisms of lifespan extension. Instead, we found that flies raised on glucose-supplemented food increased the expression of cell-adhesion genes, delaying age-dependent loss of intestinal barrier integrity. Furthermore, we showed that chemical disruption of the gut barrier negated the lifespan extension associated with glucose treatment, suggesting that glucose-supplemented food prolongs adult viability by enhancing the intestinal barrier. We believe our data contribute to understanding intestinal homeostasis, and may assist efforts to develop preventative measures that limit effects of aging on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Galenza
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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9
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Mietsch M, Hinkel R. "Empowering" Cardiac Cells via Stem Cell Derived Mitochondrial Transplantation- Does Age Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1824. [PMID: 33673127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With cardiovascular diseases affecting millions of patients, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. The use of stem cell based approaches has been investigated during the last decades and promising effects have been achieved. However, the beneficial effect of stem cells has been found to being partly due to paracrine functions by alterations of their microenvironment and so an interesting field of research, the “stem- less” approaches has emerged over the last years using or altering the microenvironment, for example, via deletion of senescent cells, application of micro RNAs or by modifying the cellular energy metabolism via targeting mitochondria. Using autologous muscle-derived mitochondria for transplantations into the affected tissues has resulted in promising reports of improvements of cardiac functions in vitro and in vivo. However, since the targeted treatment group represents mainly elderly or otherwise sick patients, it is unclear whether and to what extent autologous mitochondria would exert their beneficial effects in these cases. Stem cells might represent better sources for mitochondria and could enhance the effect of mitochondrial transplantations. Therefore in this review we aim to provide an overview on aging effects of stem cells and mitochondria which might be important for mitochondrial transplantation and to give an overview on the current state in this field together with considerations worthwhile for further investigations.
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Saber M, Hayaei-tehrani R, Mokhtari S, Hoorzad P, Esfandiari F. In vitro cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in mouse ovarian germ cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 70:105032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ayad O, Al Sayed ZR, Sebille S, Magaud C, Chapotte-Baldacci CA, Jayle C, Faivre JF, Gaborit N, Chatelier A, Bois P. In vitro differentiation of W8B2 + human cardiac stem cells: gene expression of ionic channels and spontaneous calcium activity. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:50. [PMID: 33292162 PMCID: PMC7646077 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cardiac stem cells expressing the W8B2 marker (W8B2+ CSCs) were recently identified and proposed as a new model of multipotent CSCs capable of differentiating into smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and immature myocytes. Nevertheless, no characterization of ion channel or calcium activity during the differentiation of these stem cells has been reported. Methods The objectives of this study were thus to analyze (using the TaqMan Low-Density Array technique) the gene profile of W8B2+ CSCs pertaining to the regulation of ion channels, transporters and other players involved in the calcium homeostasis of these cells. We also analyzed spontaneous calcium activity (via the GCaMP calcium probe) during the in vitro differentiation of W8B2+ CSCs into cardiac myocytes. Results Our results show an entirely different electrophysiological genomic profile between W8B2+ CSCs before and after differentiation. Some specific nodal genes, such as Tbx3, HCN, ICaT, L, KV, and NCX, are overexpressed after this differentiation. In addition, we reveal spontaneous calcium activity or a calcium clock whose kinetics change during the differentiation process. A pharmacological study carried out on differentiated W8B2+ CSCs showed that the NCX exchanger and IP3 stores play a fundamental role in the generation of these calcium oscillations. Conclusions Taken together, the present results provide important information on ion channel expression and intrinsic calcium dynamics during the differentiation process of stem cells expressing the W8B2 marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Ayad
- University of Poitiers Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, EA7349, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Zeina R Al Sayed
- CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Sebille
- University of Poitiers Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, EA7349, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Christophe Magaud
- University of Poitiers Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, EA7349, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | | | - Christophe Jayle
- CHU of Poitiers chirurgie cardiaque et thoracique, , Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-François Faivre
- University of Poitiers Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, EA7349, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Nathalie Gaborit
- CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélien Chatelier
- University of Poitiers Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, EA7349, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Patrick Bois
- University of Poitiers Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, EA7349, Poitiers Cedex 09, France.
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Ryan SM, Wildman K, Oceguera-Perez B, Barbee S, Mortimer NT, Vrailas-Mortimer AD. Evolutionarily conserved transcription factors drive the oxidative stress response in Drosophila. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb221622. [PMID: 32532866 PMCID: PMC7391405 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.221622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As organisms are constantly exposed to the damaging effects of oxidative stress through both environmental exposure and internal metabolic processes, they have evolved a variety of mechanisms to cope with this stress. One such mechanism is the highly conserved p38 MAPK (p38K) pathway, which is known to be post-translationally activated in response to oxidative stress, resulting in the activation of downstream antioxidant targets. However, little is known about the role of p38K transcriptional regulation in response to oxidative stress. Therefore, we analyzed the p38K gene family across the genus Drosophila to identify conserved regulatory elements. We found that oxidative stress exposure results in increased p38K protein levels in multiple Drosophila species and is associated with increased oxidative stress resistance. We also found that the p38Kb genomic locus includes conserved AP-1 and lola-PT transcription factor consensus binding sites. Accordingly, over-expression of these transcription factors in D. melanogaster is sufficient to induce transcription of p38Kb and enhances resistance to oxidative stress. We further found that the presence of a putative lola-PT binding site in the p38Kb locus of a given species is predictive of the species' survival in response to oxidative stress. Through our comparative genomics approach, we have identified biologically relevant putative transcription factor binding sites that regulate the expression of p38Kb and are associated with resistance to oxidative stress. These findings reveal a novel mode of regulation for p38K genes and suggest that transcription may play as important a role in p38K-mediated stress responses as post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Ryan
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Kaitie Wildman
- Illinois State University, School of Biological Sciences, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA
| | | | - Scott Barbee
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Nathan T Mortimer
- Illinois State University, School of Biological Sciences, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA
| | - Alysia D Vrailas-Mortimer
- University of Denver, Department of Biological Sciences, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Illinois State University, School of Biological Sciences, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA
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13
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Du G, Qiao Y, Zhuo Z, Zhou J, Li X, Liu Z, Li Y, Chen H. Lipoic acid rejuvenates aged intestinal stem cells by preventing age-associated endosome reduction. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49583. [PMID: 32648369 PMCID: PMC7403706 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The age‐associated decline of adult stem cell function is closely related to the decline in tissue function and age‐related diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms that ultimately lead to the observed functional decline of stem cells still remain largely unexplored. This study investigated Drosophila midguts and found a continuous downregulation of lipoic acid synthase, which encodes the key enzyme for the endogenous synthesis of alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA), upon aging. Importantly, orally administration of ALA significantly reversed the age‐associated hyperproliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the observed decline of intestinal function, thus extending the lifespan of Drosophila. This study reports that ALA reverses age‐associated ISC dysfunction by promoting the activation of the endocytosis–autophagy network, which decreases in aged ISCs. Moreover, this study suggests that ALA may be used as a safe and effective anti‐aging compound for the treatment of ISC‐dysfunction‐related diseases and for the promotion of healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Du
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Anti-Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangpeng Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Anti-Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell and Anti-Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Qian Z, Chang J, Jiang F, Ge D, Yang L, Li Y, Chen H, Cao X. Excess administration of miR-340-5p ameliorates spinal cord injury-induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis by modulating the P38-MAPK signaling pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:531-542. [PMID: 32014577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive polyneuropathy that can result in loss of sensorimotor function and sphincter dysfunction, and even death in critical situations. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a series of non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in transcriptional regulation. Previous studies have demonstrated that modulation of multiple miRs is involved in neurological recovery after SCI. However, the functions of miR-340-5p in SCI remain uncertain. Therefore, we probed the therapeutic effect and mechanism of miR-340-5p in microglia in vitro and in vivo in SCI rats. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were employed to examine the alterations in miR-340-5p and P38 levels in SCI rats. miR-340-5p targets in microglia were ascertained using luciferase reporter assays, immunofluorescence analyses, and western blotting. We also established an SCI model and administered miR-340-5p. The effects of miR-340-5p on the amelioration of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis following SCI were assessed using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and histological analyses. Finally, locomotor function recovery was determined using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan rating scale. In our study, the expression profiles and luciferase assay results clarified that P38 was a target of miR-340-5p, which was associated with activation of the P38-MAPK signaling pathway. Elevation of miR-340-5p decreased P38 expression, subsequently inhibiting the inflammatory reaction. SCI-induced secondary neuroinflammation was relieved under miR-340-5p treatment. Moreover, by controlling neuroinflammation, the increased levels of miR-340-5p might counter oxidative stress and reduce the degree of apoptosis. We also observed decreasing gliosis and glial scar formation and increasing neurotrophin expression at the chronic stage of SCI. Together, these potential effects of miR-340-5p treatment ultimately improved locomotor function recovery in SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyang Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Si Y, Liu X, Ye K, Bonfini A, Hu XY, Buchon N, Gu Z. Glucomannan Hydrolysate Promotes Gut Proliferative Homeostasis and Extends Life Span in Drosophila melanogaster. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1549-1556. [PMID: 30252027 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of glucomannan has been shown to have multiple health benefits, but its effect on life span has not been investigated. Here, we show that glucomannan hydrolysate (GMH) treatment extends mean life span of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. To unravel the underlying mechanisms, we first examined the effect of GMH on the gut microbiota. We found that GMH treatment is associated with an elevated bacterial load in aged flies but overall has limited effects on the relative microbiota composition. We also demonstrated that GMH inhibits age-associated hyperproliferation of intestinal stem cells and thus delays the deterioration of gut integrity. Further analysis of the midgut transcriptome revealed that both EGFR/MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways are suppressed in GMH groups. Multiple key regulators or effectors of EGFR/MAPK pathway, Ets21c, Mkp3, and Rho, are downregulated by GMH treatment. In the JAK/STAT pathway, major ligands (eg, Upd2 and Upd3) and negative feedback inhibitors (eg, Socs36e) are all significantly downregulated. Additionally, the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides is elevated by GMH treatment. Taken together, our study shows that dietary supplementation of GMH can prolong life span, possibly through regulating gut proliferative homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Si
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,Cornell Institute of Host Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Alessandro Bonfini
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,Cornell Institute of Host Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Xun Yang Hu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,Cornell Institute of Host Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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16
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Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease that involves the gradual accumulation of mutations. Human tumours are genetically unstable. However, the current knowledge about the origins and implications of genomic instability in this disease is limited. Understanding the biology of cancer requires the use of animal models. Here, we review relevant studies addressing the implications of genomic instability in cancer by using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model system. We discuss how this invertebrate has helped us to expand the current knowledge about the mechanisms involved in genomic instability and how this hallmark of cancer influences disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan U Gerlach
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Héctor Herranz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Park JS, Kim YJ. Anti-Aging Effect of the Ketone Metabolite β-Hydroxybutyrate in Drosophila Intestinal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103497. [PMID: 32429095 PMCID: PMC7278929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in tissue-resident adult stem cells may be closely linked to tissue aging and age-related diseases, such as cancer. β-Hydroxybutyrate is emerging as an important molecule for exhibiting the anti-aging effects of caloric restriction and fasting, which are generally considered to be beneficial for stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration. The effects of β-hydroxybutyrate on adult stem cells remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate whether β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation exerts beneficial effects on age-related changes in intestinal stem cells that were derived from the Drosophila midgut. Our results indicate that β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits age- and oxidative stress-induced changes in midgut intestinal stem cells, including centrosome amplification (a hallmark of cancers), hyperproliferation, and DNA damage accumulation. Additionally, β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits age- and oxidative stress-induced heterochromatin instability in enterocytes, an intestinal stem cells niche cells. Our results suggest that β-hydroxybutyrate exerts both intrinsic as well as extrinsic influence in order to maintain stem cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Sun Park
- Korea Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-3908; Fax: +82-51-513-9258
| | - Yung-Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
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18
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Parasram K, Karpowicz P. Time after time: circadian clock regulation of intestinal stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1267-88. [PMID: 31586240 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Daily fluctuations in animal physiology, known as circadian rhythms, are orchestrated by a conserved molecular timekeeper, known as the circadian clock. The circadian clock forms a transcription-translation feedback loop that has emerged as a central biological regulator of many 24-h processes. Early studies of the intestine discovered that many digestive functions have a daily rhythm and that intestinal cell production was similarly time-dependent. As genetic methods in model organisms have become available, it has become apparent that the circadian clock regulates many basic cellular functions, including growth, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as cell signalling and stem cell self-renewal. Recent connections between circadian rhythms and immune system function, and between circadian rhythms and microbiome dynamics, have also been revealed in the intestine. These processes are highly relevant in understanding intestinal stem cell biology. Here we describe the circadian clock regulation of intestinal stem cells primarily in two model organisms: Drosophila melanogaster and mice. Like all cells in the body, intestinal stem cells are subject to circadian timing, and both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic circadian processes contribute to their function.
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19
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Branca JJ, Gulisano M, Nicoletti C. Intestinal epithelial barrier functions in ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100938. [PMID: 31369869 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier protects the mucosa of the gastrointestinal (GI)-tract and plays a key role in maintaining the host homeostasis. It encompasses several elements that include the intestinal epithelium and biochemical and immunological products, such as the mucus layer, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and secretory immunologlobulin A (sIgA). These components are interlinked with the large microbial community inhabiting the gut to form a highly sophisticated biological system that plays an important role on many aspects of human health both locally and systemically. Like any other organ and tissue, the intestinal epithelial barrier is affected by the ageing process. New insights have surfaced showing that critical functions, including intestinal stem cell regeneration and regulation of the intestinal crypt homeostasis, barrier integrity, production of regulatory cytokines, and epithelial innate immunity to pathogenic antigens change across life. Here we review the age-associated changes of the various components of the intestinal epithelial barrier and we highlight the necessity to elucidate further the mechanisms underlying these changes. Expanding our knowledge in this area is a goal of high medical relevance and it will help to define intervention strategies to ameliorate the quality of life of the ever-expanding elderly population.
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20
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Abstract
Adult tissue stem cells have a pivotal role in tissue maintenance and regeneration throughout the lifespan of multicellular organisms. Loss of tissue homeostasis during post-reproductive lifespan is caused, at least in part, by a decline in stem cell function and is associated with an increased incidence of diseases. Hallmarks of ageing include the accumulation of molecular damage, failure of quality control systems, metabolic changes and alterations in epigenome stability. In this Review, we discuss recent evidence in support of a novel concept whereby cell-intrinsic damage that accumulates during ageing and cell-extrinsic changes in ageing stem cell niches and the blood result in modifications of the stem cell epigenome. These cumulative epigenetic alterations in stem cells might be the cause of the deregulation of developmental pathways seen during ageing. In turn, they could confer a selective advantage to mutant and epigenetically drifted stem cells with altered self-renewal and functions, which contribute to the development of ageing-associated organ dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ermolaeva
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.
| | - K Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany. .,Medical Faculty Jena, University Hospital Jena (UKJ), Jena, Germany.
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21
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Galenza A, Foley E. Immunometabolism: Insights from the Drosophila model. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 94:22-34. [PMID: 30684503 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms inhabit an environment that includes a mix of essential nutrients and large numbers of potentially harmful microbes. Germline-encoded receptors scan the environment for microbe associated molecular patterns, and, upon engagement, activate powerful defenses to protect the host from infection. At the same time, digestive enzymes and transporter molecules sieve through ingested material for building blocks and energy sources necessary for survival, growth, and reproduction. We tend to view immune responses as a potent array of destructive forces that overwhelm potentially harmful agents. In contrast, we view metabolic processes as essential, constructive elements in the maintenance and propagation of life. However, there is considerable evidence of functional overlap between the two processes, and disruptions to one frequently modify outputs of the other. Studies of immunometabolism, or interactions between immunity and metabolism, have increased in prominence with the discovery of inflammatory components to metabolic diseases such as type two diabetes. In this review, we will focus on contributions of studies with the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to our understanding of immunometabolism. Drosophila is widely used to study immune signaling, and to understand the regulation of metabolism in vivo, and this insect has considerable potential as a tool to build our understanding of the molecular and cellular bridges that connect immune and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Galenza
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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22
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Abstract
The JAK/STAT pathway is a conserved metazoan signaling system that transduces cues from extracellular cytokines into transcriptional changes in the nucleus. JAK/STAT signaling is best known for its roles in immunity. However, recent work has demonstrated that it also regulates critical homeostatic processes in germline and somatic stem cells, as well as regenerative processes in several tissues, including the gonad, intestine and appendages. Here, we provide an overview of JAK/STAT signaling in stem cells and regeneration, focusing on Drosophila and highlighting JAK/STAT pathway functions in proliferation, survival and cell competition that are conserved between Drosophila and vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador C Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Erika A Bach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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23
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Pereira MT, Malik M, Nostro JA, Mahler GJ, Musselman LP. Effect of dietary additives on intestinal permeability in both Drosophila and a human cell co-culture. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm034520. [PMID: 30504122 PMCID: PMC6307910 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased intestinal barrier permeability has been correlated with aging and disease, including type 2 diabetes, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, multiple sclerosis and irritable bowel syndrome. The prevalence of these ailments has risen together with an increase in industrial food processing and food additive consumption. Additives, including sugar, metal oxide nanoparticles, surfactants and sodium chloride, have all been suggested to increase intestinal permeability. We used two complementary model systems to examine the effects of food additives on gut barrier function: a Drosophila in vivo model and an in vitro human cell co-culture model. Of the additives tested, intestinal permeability was increased most dramatically by high sugar. High sugar also increased feeding but reduced gut and overall animal size. We also examined how food additives affected the activity of a gut mucosal defense factor, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which fluctuates with bacterial load and affects intestinal permeability. We found that high sugar reduced IAP activity in both models. Artificial manipulation of the microbiome influenced gut permeability in both models, revealing a complex relationship between the two. This study extends previous work in flies and humans showing that diet can play a role in the health of the gut barrier. Moreover, simple models can be used to study mechanisms underlying the effects of diet on gut permeability and function.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Mridu Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Jillian A Nostro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
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24
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Resende LP, Monteiro A, Brás R, Lopes T, Sunkel CE. Aneuploidy in intestinal stem cells promotes gut dysplasia in Drosophila. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3930-3946. [PMID: 30282810 PMCID: PMC6219720 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201804205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is associated with different human diseases including cancer. However, different cell types appear to respond differently to aneuploidy, either by promoting tumorigenesis or causing cell death. We set out to study the behavior of adult Drosophila melanogaster intestinal stem cells (ISCs) after induction of chromosome missegregation either by abrogation of the spindle assembly checkpoint or through kinetochore disruption or centrosome amplification. These conditions induce moderate levels of aneuploidy in ISCs, and we find no evidence of apoptosis. Instead, we observe a significant accumulation of ISCs associated with increased stem cell proliferation and an excess of enteroendocrine cells. Moreover, aneuploidy causes up-regulation of the JNK pathway throughout the posterior midgut, and specific inhibition of JNK signaling in ISCs is sufficient to prevent dysplasia. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the behavior of different stem cell populations to aneuploidy and how these can act as reservoirs for genomic alterations that can lead to tissue pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Pedro Resende
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusta Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Brás
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudio E Sunkel
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Andriatsilavo M, Stefanutti M, Siudeja K, Perdigoto CN, Boumard B, Gervais L, Gillet-Markowska A, Al Zouabi L, Schweisguth F, Bardin AJ. Spen limits intestinal stem cell self-renewal. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007773. [PMID: 30452449 PMCID: PMC6277126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation properties is essential for tissue homeostasis. Using the adult Drosophila intestine to study molecular mechanisms controlling stem cell properties, we identify the gene split-ends (spen) in a genetic screen as a novel regulator of intestinal stem cell fate (ISC). Spen family genes encode conserved RNA recognition motif-containing proteins that are reported to have roles in RNA splicing and transcriptional regulation. We demonstrate that spen acts at multiple points in the ISC lineage with an ISC-intrinsic function in controlling early commitment events of the stem cells and functions in terminally differentiated cells to further limit the proliferation of ISCs. Using two-color cell sorting of stem cells and their daughters, we characterize spen-dependent changes in RNA abundance and exon usage and find potential key regulators downstream of spen. Our work identifies spen as an important regulator of adult stem cells in the Drosophila intestine, provides new insight to Spen-family protein functions, and may also shed light on Spen's mode of action in other developmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheva Andriatsilavo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Marine Stefanutti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Katarzyna Siudeja
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Carolina N. Perdigoto
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Boumard
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Louis Gervais
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | | | - Lara Al Zouabi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - François Schweisguth
- Institut Pasteur, Dept of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Allison J. Bardin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Stem Cells and Tissue Homeostasis group, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
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Salazar AM, Resnik-Docampo M, Ulgherait M, Clark RI, Shirasu-Hiza M, Jones DL, Walker DW. Intestinal Snakeskin Limits Microbial Dysbiosis during Aging and Promotes Longevity. iScience 2018; 9:229-43. [PMID: 30419503 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is an evolutionarily conserved hallmark of aging, which has been linked to microbial dysbiosis, altered expression of occluding junction proteins, and impending mortality. However, the interplay between intestinal junction proteins, age-onset dysbiosis, and lifespan determination remains unclear. Here, we show that altered expression of Snakeskin (Ssk), a septate junction-specific protein, can modulate intestinal homeostasis, microbial dynamics, immune activity, and lifespan in Drosophila. Loss of Ssk leads to rapid and reversible intestinal barrier dysfunction, altered gut morphology, dysbiosis, and dramatically reduced lifespan. Remarkably, restoration of Ssk expression in flies showing intestinal barrier dysfunction rescues each of these phenotypes previously linked to aging. Intestinal up-regulation of Ssk protects against microbial translocation following oral infection with pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, intestinal up-regulation of Ssk improves intestinal barrier function during aging, limits dysbiosis, and extends lifespan. Our findings indicate that intestinal occluding junctions may represent prolongevity targets in mammals.
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Moorefield EC, Andres SF, Blue RE, Van Landeghem L, Mah AT, Santoro MA, Ding S. Aging effects on intestinal homeostasis associated with expansion and dysfunction of intestinal epithelial stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1898-1915. [PMID: 28854151 PMCID: PMC5611984 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESCs) are critical to maintain intestinal epithelial function and homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that aging promotes IESC dysfunction using old (18-22 months) and young (2-4 month) Sox9-EGFP IESC reporter mice. Different levels of Sox9-EGFP permit analyses of active IESC (Sox9-EGFPLow), activatable reserve IESC and enteroendocrine cells (Sox9-EGFPHigh), Sox9-EGFPSublow progenitors, and Sox9-EGFPNegative differentiated lineages. Crypt-villus morphology, cellular composition and apoptosis were measured by histology. IESC function was assessed by crypt culture, and proliferation by flow cytometry and histology. Main findings were confirmed in Lgr5-EGFP and Lgr5-LacZ mice. Aging-associated gene expression changes were analyzed by Fluidigm mRNA profiling. Crypts culture from old mice yielded fewer and less complex enteroids. Histology revealed increased villus height and Paneth cells per crypt in old mice. Old mice showed increased numbers and hyperproliferation of Sox9-EGFPLow IESC and Sox9-EGFPHigh cells. Cleaved caspase-3 staining demonstrated increased apoptotic cells in crypts and villi of old mice. Gene expression profiling revealed aging-associated changes in mRNAs associated with cell cycle, oxidative stress and apoptosis specifically in IESC. These findings provide new, direct evidence for aging associated IESC dysfunction, and define potential biomarkers and targets for translational studies to assess and maintain IESC function during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Moorefield
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R Eric Blue
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Amanda T Mah
- Department of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Agostina Santoro
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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28
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Park JS, Jeon HJ, Pyo JH, Kim YS, Yoo MA. Deficiency in DNA damage response of enterocytes accelerates intestinal stem cell aging in Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:322-338. [PMID: 29514136 PMCID: PMC5892683 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction is closely linked to tissue and organismal aging and age-related diseases, and heavily influenced by the niche cells' environment. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a key pathway for tissue degeneration and organismal aging; however, the precise protective role of DDR in stem cell/niche aging is unclear. The Drosophila midgut is an excellent model to study the biology of stem cell/niche aging because of its easy genetic manipulation and its short lifespan. Here, we showed that deficiency of DDR in Drosophila enterocytes (ECs) accelerates intestinal stem cell (ISC) aging. We generated flies with knockdown of Mre11, Rad50, Nbs1, ATM, ATR, Chk1, and Chk2, which decrease the DDR system in ECs. EC-specific DDR depletion induced EC death, accelerated the aging of ISCs, as evidenced by ISC hyperproliferation, DNA damage accumulation, and increased centrosome amplification, and affected the adult fly's survival. Our data indicated a distinct effect of DDR depletion in stem or niche cells on tissue-resident stem cell proliferation. Our findings provide evidence of the essential role of DDR in protecting EC against ISC aging, thus providing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of stem cell/niche aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Equal contribution
| | - Ho-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Equal contribution
| | - Jung-Hoon Pyo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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29
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Valzania L, Coon KL, Vogel KJ, Brown MR, Strand MR. Hypoxia-induced transcription factor signaling is essential for larval growth of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:457-465. [PMID: 29298915 PMCID: PMC5777003 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719063115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes positively affect the physiology of many animals, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits remain poorly understood. We recently reported that bacteria-induced gut hypoxia functions as a signal for growth and molting of the mosquito Aedes aegypti In this study, we tested the hypothesis that transduction of a gut hypoxia signal requires hypoxia-induced transcription factors (HIFs). Expression studies showed that HIF-α was stabilized in larvae containing bacteria that induce gut hypoxia but was destabilized in larvae that exhibit normoxia. However, we could rescue growth of larvae exhibiting gut normoxia by treating them with a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, FG-4592, that stabilized HIF-α, and inhibit growth of larvae exhibiting gut hypoxia by treating them with an inhibitor, PX-478, that destabilized HIF-α. Using these tools, we determined that HIF signaling activated the insulin/insulin growth factor pathway plus select mitogen-activated kinases and inhibited the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway. HIF signaling was also required for growth of the larval midgut and storage of neutral lipids by the fat body. Altogether, our results indicate that gut hypoxia and HIF signaling activate multiple processes in A. aegypti larvae, with conserved functions in growth and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valzania
- Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Kerri L Coon
- Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Kevin J Vogel
- Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Mark R Brown
- Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Michael R Strand
- Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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30
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Sheng Y, Tang L, Kang L, Xiao R. Membrane ion Channels and Receptors in Animal lifespan Modulation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2946-2956. [PMID: 28121014 PMCID: PMC7008462 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acting in the interfaces between environment and membrane compartments, membrane ion channels, and receptors transduce various physical and chemical cues into downstream signaling events. Not surprisingly, these membrane proteins play essential roles in a wide range of cellular processes such as sensory perception, synaptic transmission, cellular growth and development, fate determination, and apoptosis. However, except insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, the functions of membrane receptors in animal lifespan modulation have not been well appreciated. On the other hand, although ion channels are popular therapeutic targets for many age-related diseases, their potential roles in aging itself are largely neglected. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the conserved functions and mechanisms of membrane ion channels and receptors in the modulation of lifespan across multiple species including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, mouse, and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sheng
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lanlan Tang
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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31
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Clark RI, Walker DW. Role of gut microbiota in aging-related health decline: insights from invertebrate models. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:93-101. [PMID: 29026921 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies in mammals, including humans, have reported age-related changes in microbiota dynamics. A major challenge, however, is to dissect the cause and effect relationships involved. Invertebrate model organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been invaluable in studies of the biological mechanisms of aging. Indeed, studies in flies and worms have resulted in the identification of a number of interventions that can slow aging and prolong life span. In this review, we discuss recent work using invertebrate models to provide insight into the interplay between microbiota dynamics, intestinal homeostasis during aging and life span determination. An emerging theme from these studies is that the microbiota contributes to cellular and physiological changes in the aging intestine and, in some cases, age-related shifts in microbiota dynamics can drive health decline in aged animals.
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Wu Q, Lian T, Fan X, Song C, Gaur U, Mao X, Yang D, Piper MDW, Yang M. 2,5-Dimethyl-Celecoxib Extends Drosophila Life Span via a Mechanism That Requires Insulin and Target of Rapamycin Signaling. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1334-1341. [PMID: 28025308 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for antiaging drugs is a key component of gerontology research. A few drugs with positive effects on life span in model organisms have been found. Here, we report that 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib, a derivative of the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib, can extend Drosophila life span and delay aging by a mechanism involving insulin signaling and target of rapamycin signaling. Importantly, its positive effects were apparent when the treatment window was restricted to the beginning of life or the later half. 2,5-Dimethyl-celecoxib-induced longevity was also associated with improvements in physical activity, intestinal integrity, and increased autophagy. In addition, 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib exhibited protective effects against several kinds of stress such as starvation and heat. The generally positive effects of 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib on both health and life span, combined with its mode of action via evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, indicate that it has the potential to become an effective antiaging drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lian
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chaochun Song
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Mao
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Deying Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Matthew D W Piper
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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33
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Liu Q, Jin LH. Tissue-resident stem cell activity: a view from the adult Drosophila gastrointestinal tract. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:33. [PMID: 28923062 PMCID: PMC5604405 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract serves as a fast-renewing model for unraveling the multifaceted molecular mechanisms underlying remarkably rapid cell renewal, which is exclusively fueled by a small number of long-lived stem cells and their progeny. Stem cell activity is the best-characterized aspect of mucosal homeostasis in mitotically active tissues, and the dysregulation of regenerative capacity is a hallmark of epithelial immune defects. This dysregulation is frequently associated with pathologies ranging from chronic enteritis to malignancies in humans. Application of the adult Drosophila gastrointestinal tract model in current and future studies to analyze the immuno-physiological aspects of epithelial defense strategies, including stem cell behavior and re-epithelialization, will be necessary to improve our general understanding of stem cell participation in epithelial turnover. In this review, which describes exciting observations obtained from the adult Drosophila gastrointestinal tract, we summarize a remarkable series of recent findings in the literature to decipher the molecular mechanisms through which stem cells respond to nonsterile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Li Hua Jin
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Tauc HM, Tasdogan A, Meyer P, Pandur P. Nipped-A regulates intestinal stem cell proliferation in Drosophila. Development 2017; 144:612-623. [PMID: 28196804 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells uphold a delicate balance between quiescent and active states, a deregulation of which can lead to age-associated diseases such as cancer. In Drosophila, intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation is tightly regulated and mis-regulation is detrimental to intestinal homeostasis. Various factors are known to govern ISC behavior; however, transcriptional changes in ISCs during aging are still unclear. RNA sequencing of young and old ISCs newly identified Nipped-A, a subunit of histone acetyltransferase complexes, as a regulator of ISC proliferation that is upregulated in old ISCs. We show that Nipped-A is required for maintaining the proliferative capacity of ISCs during aging and in response to tissue-damaging or tumorigenic stimuli. Interestingly, Drosophila Myc cannot compensate for the effect of the loss of Nipped-A on ISC proliferation. Nipped-A seems to be a superordinate regulator of ISC proliferation, possibly by coordinating different processes including modifying the chromatin landscape of ISCs and progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Marie Tauc
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Biologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Patrick Meyer
- Institut für Dermatologie, Universität Ulm, Life Science Building N27, James Franck-Ring/Meyerhofstrasse 11c, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Petra Pandur
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Biologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
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35
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Frank SB, Berger PL, Ljungman M, Miranti CK. Human prostate luminal cell differentiation requires NOTCH3 induction by p38-MAPK and MYC. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1952-1964. [PMID: 28446540 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathways dysregulated in prostate cancer are also involved in epithelial differentiation. To better understand prostate tumor initiation, we sought to investigate specific genes and mechanisms required for normal basal to luminal cell differentiation. Utilizing human prostate basal epithelial cells and an in vitro differentiation model, we tested the hypothesis that regulation of NOTCH3 by the p38 MAPK family (hereafter p38-MAPK), via MYC, is required for luminal differentiation. Inhibition (SB202190 and BIRB796) or knockdown of p38α (also known as MAPK14) and/or p38δ (also known as MAPK13) prevented proper differentiation. Additionally, treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor (RO4929097) or knockdown of NOTCH1 and/or NOTCH3 greatly impaired differentiation and caused luminal cell death. Constitutive p38-MAPK activation through MKK6(CA) increased NOTCH3 (but not NOTCH1) mRNA and protein levels, which was diminished upon MYC inhibition (10058-F4 and JQ1) or knockdown. Furthermore, we validated two NOTCH3 enhancer elements through a combination of enhancer (e)RNA detection (BruUV-seq) and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, we found that the NOTCH3 mRNA half-life increased during differentiation or upon acute p38-MAPK activation. These results reveal a new connection between p38-MAPK, MYC and NOTCH signaling, demonstrate two mechanisms of NOTCH3 regulation and provide evidence for NOTCH3 involvement in prostate luminal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander B Frank
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.,Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Penny L Berger
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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36
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Park SY, Choi J. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of P38 MAPK Gene and Protein in Aquatic Midge, Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae), Exposed to Environmental Contaminants. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 72:428-438. [PMID: 28144697 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
P38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), an important signaling protein involved in various cellular processes, including stress responses, has been well characterized in model organisms. P38 has been identified in a number of insects, including the genus Drosophila; however, its homologue in Chironomus riparius has not yet been identified. In this study, we identified and characterized p38 MAPK (Crp38) gene in C. riparius using a transcriptome database that was previously generated 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the p38 homologue of other species, such as Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti, Bombyx mori, Caenorhabditis elegans, Homo sapiens, etc. Furthermore, to test its potential as a biomarker of environmental contamination, Crp38 gene expression was analyzed upon exposure to nonylphenol (NP), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and cadmium (Cd). Crp38 gene expression was up- or down-regulated depending on the concentration and exposure duration of chemicals. These results show the role of Crp38 gene in defense against environmental stresses, as well as its potential use as a biomarker for various environmental pollutants. We further synthesized p38 antibody based on the predicted amino acid sequence deduced from Crp38 cDNA and, using this customized antibody, examined p38 protein expression in Cd exposed C. riparius. Although transcriptional alteration was not translated to the protein level, this result showed the possible application of a protein level functional study using cDNA sequence information from next-generation sequencing database in nonmodel organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Terriente-Félix A, Pérez L, Bray SJ, Nebreda AR, Milán M. A Drosophila model of myeloproliferative neoplasm reveals a feed-forward loop in the JAK pathway mediated by p38 MAPK signalling. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:399-407. [PMID: 28237966 PMCID: PMC5399568 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) of the Philadelphia-negative class comprise polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). They are associated with aberrant numbers of myeloid lineage cells in the blood, and in the case of overt PMF, with development of myelofibrosis in the bone marrow and failure to produce normal blood cells. These diseases are usually caused by gain-of-function mutations in the kinase JAK2. Here, we use Drosophila to investigate the consequences of activation of the JAK2 orthologue in haematopoiesis. We have identified maturing haemocytes in the lymph gland, the major haematopoietic organ in the fly, as the cell population susceptible to induce hypertrophy upon targeted overexpression of JAK. We show that JAK activates a feed-forward loop, including the cytokine-like ligand Upd3 and its receptor, Domeless, which are required to induce lymph gland hypertrophy. Moreover, we present evidence that p38 MAPK signalling plays a key role in this process by inducing expression of the ligand Upd3. Interestingly, we also show that forced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in maturing haemocytes suffices to generate hypertrophic organs and the appearance of melanotic tumours. Our results illustrate a novel pro-tumourigenic crosstalk between the p38 MAPK pathway and JAK signalling in a Drosophila model of MPNs. Based on the shared molecular mechanisms underlying MPNs in flies and humans, the interplay between Drosophila JAK and p38 signalling pathways unravelled in this work might have translational relevance for human MPNs. Summary: Pro-tumourigenic crosstalk occurs between the p38 MAPK pathway and JAK signalling in a Drosophila model of myeloproliferative neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Terriente-Félix
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Pérez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah J Bray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain .,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Marco Milán
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain .,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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Resnik-Docampo M, Koehler CL, Clark RI, Schinaman JM, Sauer V, Wong DM, Lewis S, D’Alterio C, Walker DW, Jones DL. Tricellular junctions regulate intestinal stem cell behaviour to maintain homeostasis. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:52-59. [PMID: 27992405 PMCID: PMC6336109 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ageing results in loss of tissue homeostasis across taxa. In the intestine of Drosophila melanogaster, ageing is correlated with an increase in intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, a block in terminal differentiation of progenitor cells, activation of inflammatory pathways, and increased intestinal permeability. However, causal relationships between these phenotypes remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ageing results in altered localization and expression of septate junction proteins in the posterior midgut, which is quite pronounced in differentiated enterocytes (ECs) at tricellular junctions (TCJs). Acute loss of the TCJ protein Gliotactin (Gli) in ECs results in increased ISC proliferation and a block in differentiation in intestines from young flies, demonstrating that compromised TCJ function is sufficient to alter ISC behaviour in a non-autonomous manner. Blocking the Jun N-terminal kinase signalling pathway is sufficient to suppress changes in ISC behaviour, but has no effect on loss of intestinal barrier function, as a consequence of Gli depletion. Our work demonstrates a pivotal link between TCJs, stem cell behaviour, and intestinal homeostasis and provides insights into causes of age-onset and gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Resnik-Docampo
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Christopher L. Koehler
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca I. Clark
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Joseph M. Schinaman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Vivien Sauer
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Daniel M. Wong
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Sophia Lewis
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Cecilia D’Alterio
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - David W. Walker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D. Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Abstract
All multicellular organisms undergo a decline in tissue and organ function as they age. An attractive theory is that a loss in stem cell number and/or activity over time causes this decline. In accordance with this theory, aging phenotypes have been described for stem cells of multiple tissues, including those of the hematopoietic system, intestine, muscle, brain, skin and germline. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of why adult stem cells age and how this aging impacts diseases and lifespan. With this increased understanding, it is feasible to design and test interventions that delay stem cell aging and improve both health and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Schultz
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
The stem cell genomic stability forms the basis for robust tissue homeostasis, particularly in high-turnover tissues. For the genomic stability, DNA damage response (DDR) is essential. This study was focused on the role of two major DDR-related factors, ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM- and RAD3-related (ATR) kinases, in the maintenance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in the adult Drosophila midgut. We explored the role of ATM and ATR, utilizing immunostaining with an anti-pS/TQ antibody as an indicator of ATM/ATR activation, γ-irradiation as a DNA damage inducer, and the UAS/GAL4 system for cell type-specific knockdown of ATM, ATR, or both during adulthood. The results showed that the pS/TQ signals got stronger with age and after oxidative stress. The pS/TQ signals were found to be more dependent on ATR rather than on ATM in ISCs/enteroblasts (EBs). Furthermore, an ISC/EB-specific knockdown of ATR, ATM, or both decreased the number of ISCs and oxidative stress-induced ISC proliferation. The phenotypic changes that were caused by the ATR knockdown were more pronounced than those caused by the ATM knockdown; however, our data indicate that ATR and ATM are both needed for ISC maintenance and proliferation; ATR seems to play a bigger role than does ATM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Na
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Pyo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Clark RI, Salazar A, Yamada R, Fitz-Gibbon S, Morselli M, Alcaraz J, Rana A, Rera M, Pellegrini M, Ja WW, Walker DW. Distinct Shifts in Microbiota Composition during Drosophila Aging Impair Intestinal Function and Drive Mortality. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1656-67. [PMID: 26321641 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota have been correlated with aging and measures of frailty in the elderly. However, the relationships between microbial dynamics, age-related changes in intestinal physiology, and organismal health remain poorly understood. Here, we show that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, characterized by an expansion of the Gammaproteobacteria, is tightly linked to age-onset intestinal barrier dysfunction in Drosophila. Indeed, alterations in the microbiota precede and predict the onset of intestinal barrier dysfunction in aged flies. Changes in microbial composition occurring prior to intestinal barrier dysfunction contribute to changes in excretory function and immune gene activation in the aging intestine. In addition, we show that a distinct shift in microbiota composition follows intestinal barrier dysfunction, leading to systemic immune activation and organismal death. Our results indicate that alterations in microbiota dynamics could contribute to and also predict varying rates of health decline during aging in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca I Clark
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Anna Salazar
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ryuichi Yamada
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Sorel Fitz-Gibbon
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marco Morselli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeanette Alcaraz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anil Rana
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Rera
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William W Ja
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - David W Walker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Wang B, Pakpour N, Napoli E, Drexler A, Glennon EKK, Surachetpong W, Cheung K, Aguirre A, Klyver JM, Lewis EE, Eigenheer R, Phinney BS, Giulivi C, Luckhart S. Anopheles stephensi p38 MAPK signaling regulates innate immunity and bioenergetics during Plasmodium falciparum infection. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:424. [PMID: 26283222 PMCID: PMC4539710 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fruit flies and mammals protect themselves against infection by mounting immune and metabolic responses that must be balanced against the metabolic needs of the pathogens. In this context, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signaling is critical to regulating both innate immunity and metabolism during infection. Accordingly, we asked to what extent the Asian malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi utilizes p38 MAPK signaling during infection with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Methods A. stephensi p38 MAPK (AsP38 MAPK) was identified and patterns of signaling in vitro and in vivo (midgut) were analyzed using phospho-specific antibodies and small molecule inhibitors. Functional effects of AsP38 MAPK inhibition were assessed using P. falciparum infection, quantitative real-time PCR, assays for reactive oxygen species and survivorship under oxidative stress, proteomics, and biochemical analyses. Results The genome of A. stephensi encodes a single p38 MAPK that is activated in the midgut in response to parasite infection. Inhibition of AsP38 MAPK signaling significantly reduced P. falciparum sporogonic development. This phenotype was associated with AsP38 MAPK regulation of mitochondrial physiology and stress responses in the midgut epithelium, a tissue critical for parasite development. Specifically, inhibition of AsP38 MAPK resulted in reduction in mosquito protein synthesis machinery, a shift in glucose metabolism, reduced mitochondrial metabolism, enhanced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, induction of an array of anti-parasite effector genes, and decreased resistance to oxidative stress-mediated damage. Hence, P. falciparum-induced activation of AsP38 MAPK in the midgut facilitates parasite infection through a combination of reduced anti-parasite immune defenses and enhanced host protein synthesis and bioenergetics to minimize the impact of infection on the host and to maximize parasite survival, and ultimately, transmission. Conclusions These observations suggest that, as in mammals, innate immunity and mitochondrial responses are integrated in mosquitoes and that AsP38 MAPK-dependent signaling facilitates mosquito survival during parasite infection, a fact that may attest to the relatively longer evolutionary relationship of these parasites with their invertebrate compared to their vertebrate hosts. On a practical level, improved understanding of the balances and trade-offs between resistance and metabolism could be leveraged to generate fit, resistant mosquitoes for malaria control. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1016-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Nazzy Pakpour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Anna Drexler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Elizabeth K K Glennon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Kong Cheung
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Alejandro Aguirre
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - John M Klyver
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Edwin E Lewis
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Richard Eigenheer
- Genome and Biomedical Sciences Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Genome and Biomedical Sciences Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Na HJ, Park JS, Pyo JH, Jeon HJ, Kim YS, Arking R, Yoo MA. Metformin inhibits age-related centrosome amplification in Drosophila midgut stem cells through AKT/TOR pathway. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 149:8-18. [PMID: 25988874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We delineated the mechanism regulating the inhibition of centrosome amplification by metformin in Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Age-related changes in tissue-resident stem cells may be closely associated with tissue aging and age-related diseases, such as cancer. Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of cancers. Our recent work showed that Drosophila ISCs are an excellent model for stem cell studies evaluating age-related increase in centrosome amplification. Here, we showed that metformin, a recognized anti-cancer drug, inhibits age- and oxidative stress-induced centrosome amplification in ISCs. Furthermore, we revealed that this effect is mediated via down-regulation of AKT/target of rapamycin (TOR) activity, suggesting that metformin prevents centrosome amplification by inhibiting the TOR signaling pathway. Additionally, AKT/TOR signaling hyperactivation and metformin treatment indicated a strong correlation between DNA damage accumulation and centrosome amplification in ISCs, suggesting that DNA damage might mediate centrosome amplification. Our study reveals the beneficial and protective effects of metformin on centrosome amplification via AKT/TOR signaling modulation. We identified a new target for the inhibition of age- and oxidative stress-induced centrosome amplification. We propose that the Drosophila ISCs may be an excellent model system for in vivo studies evaluating the effects of anti-cancer drugs on tissue-resident stem cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Na
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Joung-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Pyo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Robert Arking
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
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44
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Abstract
Aging tissue is characterized by a continuous decline in functional ability. Adult stem cells are crucial in maintaining tissue homeostasis particularly in tissues that have a high turnover rate such as the intestinal epithelium. However, adult stem cells are also subject to aging processes and the concomitant decline in function. The Drosophila midgut has emerged as an ideal model system to study molecular mechanisms that interfere with the intestinal stem cells’ (ISCs) ability to function in tissue homeostasis. Although adult ISCs can be easily identified and isolated from midguts of young flies, it has been a major challenge to study endogenous molecular changes of ISCs during aging. This is due to the lack of a combination of molecular markers suitable to isolate ISCs from aged intestines. Here we propose a method that allows for successful dissociation of midgut tissue into living cells that can subsequently be separated into distinct populations by FACS. By using dissociated cells from the esg-Gal4, UAS-GFP fly line, in which both ISCs and the enteroblast (EB) progenitor cells express GFP, two populations of cells are distinguished based on different GFP intensities. These differences in GFP expression correlate with differences in cell size and granularity and represent enriched populations of ISCs and EBs. Intriguingly, the two GFP-positive cell populations remain distinctly separated during aging, presenting a novel technique for identifying and isolating cell populations enriched for either ISCs or EBs at any time point during aging. The further analysis, for example transcriptome analysis, of these particular cell populations at various time points during aging is now possible and this will facilitate the examination of endogenous molecular changes that occur in these cells during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Tauc
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Biologie, Universität Ulm
| | | | - Petra Pandur
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Biologie, Universität Ulm;
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45
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract, due to its role as a digestive organ and as a barrier between the exterior and interior milieus, is critically impacted by dietary, environmental, and inflammatory conditions that influence health and lifespan. Work in flies is now uncovering the multifaceted molecular mechanisms that control homeostasis in this tissue, and establishing its central role in health and lifespan of metazoans. The Drosophila intestine has thus emerged as a productive, genetically accessible model to study various aspects of the pathophysiology of aging. Studies in flies have characterized the maintenance of regenerative homeostasis, the development of immune senescence, the loss of epithelial barrier function, the decline in metabolic homeostasis, as well as the maintenance of epithelial diversity in this tissue. Due to its fundamental similarity to vertebrate intestines, it can be anticipated that findings obtained in this system will have important implications for our understanding of age-related changes in the human intestine. Here, I review recent studies exploring age-related changes in the fly intestine, and their insight into the regulation of health and lifespan of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging , 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato , CA 94945-1400 , USA
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46
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Petkau K, Parsons BD, Duggal A, Foley E. A deregulated intestinal cell cycle program disrupts tissue homeostasis without affecting longevity in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28719-29. [PMID: 25170078 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.578708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies illuminate a complex relationship between the control of stem cell division and intestinal tissue organization in the model system Drosophila melanogaster. Host and microbial signals drive intestinal proliferation to maintain an effective epithelial barrier. Although it is widely assumed that proliferation induces dysplasia and shortens the life span of the host, the phenotypic consequences of deregulated intestinal proliferation for an otherwise healthy host remain unexplored. To address this question, we genetically isolated and manipulated the cell cycle programs of adult stem cells and enterocytes. Our studies revealed that cell cycle alterations led to extensive cell death and morphological disruptions. Despite the extensive tissue damage, we did not observe an impact on longevity, suggesting a remarkable degree of plasticity in intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Petkau
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Brendon D Parsons
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Aashna Duggal
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Edan Foley
- From the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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Amcheslavsky A, Nie Y, Li Q, He F, Tsuda L, Markstein M, Ip YT. Gene expression profiling identifies the zinc-finger protein Charlatan as a regulator of intestinal stem cells in Drosophila. Development 2014; 141:2621-32. [PMID: 24961799 DOI: 10.1242/dev.106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in the adult Drosophila midgut can respond to tissue damage and support repair. We used genetic manipulation to increase the number of ISC-like cells in the adult midgut and performed gene expression profiling to identify potential ISC regulators. A detailed analysis of one of these potential regulators, the zinc-finger protein Charlatan, was carried out. MARCM clonal analysis and RNAi in precursor cells showed that loss of Chn function caused severe ISC division defects, including loss of EdU incorporation, phosphorylated histone 3 staining and expression of the mitotic protein Cdc2. Loss of Charlatan also led to a much reduced histone acetylation staining in precursor cells. Both the histone acetylation and ISC division defects could be rescued by the simultaneous decrease of the Histone Deacetylase 2. The overexpression of Charlatan blocked differentiation reversibly, but loss of Charlatan did not lead to automatic differentiation. The results together suggest that Charlatan does not simply act as an anti-differentiation factor but instead functions to maintain a chromatin structure that is compatible with stem cell properties, including proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Amcheslavsky
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yingchao Nie
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Feng He
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Leo Tsuda
- Animal Models of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Michele Markstein
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Y Tony Ip
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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48
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Park J, Pyo J, Na H, Jeon H, Kim Y, Arking R, Yoo M. Increased centrosome amplification in aged stem cells of the Drosophila midgut. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:961-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Pyo JH, Park JS, Na HJ, Jeon HJ, Lee SH, Kim JG, Park SY, Jin YW, Kim YS, Yoo MA. Functional Modification of Drosophila Intestinal Stem Cells by Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2014; 181:376-86. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13545.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Pyo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Korea
| | - Joung-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Na
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Korea
| | - Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Korea
| | - Joong-Gook Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do 363–951, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jin
- National Radiation Emergency Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139–706, Korea; and
| | - Young-Shin Kim
- Research Institute of Genetic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609–735, Korea
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50
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Okumura T, Takeda K, Taniguchi K, Adachi-Yamada T. βν integrin inhibits chronic and high level activation of JNK to repress senescence phenotypes in Drosophila adult midgut. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89387. [PMID: 24586740 PMCID: PMC3930726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper control of adult stem cells including their proliferation and differentiation is crucial in maintaining homeostasis of well-organized tissues/organs throughout an organism's life. The Drosophila adult midgut has intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which have been exploited as a simple model system to investigate mechanisms controlling adult tissue homeostasis. Here, we found that a viable mutant of βν integrin (βint-ν), encoding one of two Drosophila integrin β subunits, showed a short midgut and abnormal multilayered epithelia accompanied by an increase in ISC proliferation and misdifferentiation defects. The increase in ISC proliferation and misdifferentiation was due to frequent ISC duplication expanding a pool of ISCs, which was caused by depression of the Notch signalling, and up-regulation of unpaired (upd), a gene encoding an extracellular ligand in the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. In addition, we observed that abnormally high accumulation of filamentous actin (F-actin) was caused in the βint-ν mutant enterocytes. Furthermore, the defects were rescued by suppressing c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling, which was up-regulated in a manner correlated with the defect levels in the above-mentioned βint-ν mutant phenotype. These symptoms observed in young βint-ν mutant midgut were very similar to those in the aged midgut in wild type. Our results suggested that βint-ν has a novel function for the Drosophila adult midgut homeostasis under normal conditions and provided a new insight into possible age-related diseases caused by latent abnormality of an integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okumura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Takeda
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Course in Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Taniguchi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Adachi-Yamada
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Course in Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Biomolecular Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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