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Zago AM, Carvalho FB, Rahmeier FL, Santin M, Guimarães GR, Gutierres JM, da C Fernandes M. Exendin-4 Prevents Memory Loss and Neuronal Death in Rats with Sporadic Alzheimer-Like Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2631-2652. [PMID: 37919602 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of exendin-4 (EXE-4), an analog of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) on memory and on the neuronal populations that constitute the hippocampus of rats submitted to a sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Male Wistar rats received streptozotocin (STZ icv, 3 mg/kg diluted in aCFS, 5 µl/ventricle) and were treated for 21 days with EXE-4 (10 µg/kg, ip; saline as the vehicle). Four groups were formed: vehicle, EXE-4, STZ, and STZ + EXE-4. The groups were submitted to Y-Maze (YM), object recognition (ORT), and object displacement tasks (ODT) to assess learning and memory. The brains were used for immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques with antibodies to NeuN, cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), PCNA, doublecortin (DCX), synaptophysin (SYP), and insulin receptor (IR). STZ worsened spatial memory in the YMT, as well as short-term (STM) and long-term (LTM) memories in the ORT and ODT, respectively. EXE-4 protected against memory impairment in STZ animals. STZ reduced mature neuron density (NeuN) and increased cell apoptosis (CC3) in the DG, CA1, and CA3. EXE-4 protected against neuronal death in all regions. EXE-4 increased PCNA+ cells in all regions of the hippocampus, and STZ attenuated this effect. STZ reduced neurogenesis in DG per se as well as synaptogenesis induced by EXE-4. EXE-4 increased immunoreactivity to IR in the CA1. From these findings, EXE-4 showed a beneficial effect on hippocampal pyramidal and granular neurons in the SDAT showing anti-apoptotic properties and promoting cell proliferation. In parallel, EXE-4 preserved the memory of SDAT rats. EXE-4 appears to enhance synapses at CA3 and DG. In conclusion, these data indicate that agonists to GLP-1R have a beneficial effect on hippocampal neurons in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Zago
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514, Building 3. CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514, Building 3. CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Francine L Rahmeier
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514, Building 3. CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Santin
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514, Building 3. CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giuliano R Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514, Building 3. CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessié M Gutierres
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514, Building 3. CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilda da C Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, Room 514, Building 3. CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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2
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López-Ortiz S, Caruso G, Emanuele E, Menéndez H, Peñín-Grandes S, Guerrera CS, Caraci F, Nisticò R, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A, Lista S. Digging into the intrinsic capacity concept: Can it be applied to Alzheimer's disease? Prog Neurobiol 2024; 234:102574. [PMID: 38266702 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Historically, aging research has largely centered on disease pathology rather than promoting healthy aging. The World Health Organization's (WHO) policy framework (2015-2030) underscores the significance of fostering the contributions of older individuals to their families, communities, and economies. The WHO has introduced the concept of intrinsic capacity (IC) as a key metric for healthy aging, encompassing five primary domains: locomotion, vitality, sensory, cognitive, and psychological. Past AD research, constrained by methodological limitations, has focused on single outcome measures, sidelining the complexity of the disease. Our current scientific milieu, however, is primed to adopt the IC concept. This is due to three critical considerations: (I) the decline in IC is linked to neurocognitive disorders, including AD, (II) cognition, a key component of IC, is deeply affected in AD, and (III) the cognitive decline associated with AD involves multiple factors and pathophysiological pathways. Our study explores the application of the IC concept to AD patients, offering a comprehensive model that could revolutionize the disease's diagnosis and prognosis. There is a dearth of information on the biological characteristics of IC, which are a result of complex interactions within biological systems. Employing a systems biology approach, integrating omics technologies, could aid in unraveling these interactions and understanding IC from a holistic viewpoint. This comprehensive analysis of IC could be leveraged in clinical settings, equipping healthcare providers to assess AD patients' health status more effectively and devise personalized therapeutic interventions in accordance with the precision medicine paradigm. We aimed to determine whether the IC concept could be extended from older individuals to patients with AD, thereby presenting a model that could significantly enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | | | - Héctor Menéndez
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Saúl Peñín-Grandes
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Claudia Savia Guerrera
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain; Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain.
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3
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Hong S, Hong S, Lee SH. Association of overexpressed carboxyl-terminal amyloid precursor protein in brains with altered glucose metabolism and liver toxicity. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:103-111. [PMID: 37033452 PMCID: PMC10075522 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2197761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. The deposition of amyloid plaques mainly composed of amyloid beta (Aβ) is observed in brain regions in AD patients. AD presents with similar pathophysiology to that of metabolic syndrome, including glucose and insulin resistance. In addition, epidemiological studies indicate diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, and obesity increase the prevalence of AD. The liver is considered a key organ in the reciprocal relationship between AD and metabolic syndrome and is the major organ for the clearance of Aβ in the periphery. Furthermore, liver dysfunction aggravates Aβ-induced pathophysiology. Aβ is produced in the brain and peripheral tissues and penetrates the blood–brain barrier. However, in vivo evidence showing the effect of Aβ on the crosstalk between the brain and liver has not been reported yet. In the present study, we investigated the toxicity of brain-derived Aβ on glucose metabolism and the liver using transgenic mice overexpressing the carboxyl-terminal of amyloid precursor protein in the brain. The transgenic mice were overweight, which was associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, but not due to increased food intake. In addition, transgenic mice had enlarged livers and reduced gene expressions associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. Thus, overexpressed amyloid precursor protein in the brain may promote being overweight and glucose resistance, possibly through liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungguan Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Sung Hoon Lee College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul06974, Republic of Korea
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4
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Guo G, Fan L, Yan Y, Xu Y, Deng Z, Tian M, Geng Y, Xia Z, Xu Y. Shared metabolic shifts in endothelial cells in stroke and Alzheimer's disease revealed by integrated analysis. Sci Data 2023; 10:666. [PMID: 37775708 PMCID: PMC10542331 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since metabolic dysregulation is a hallmark of both stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD), mining shared metabolic patterns in these diseases will help to identify their possible pathogenic mechanisms and potential intervention targets. However, a systematic integration analysis of the metabolic networks of the these diseases is still lacking. In this study, we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of ischemic stroke (IS), hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and AD models to construct metabolic flux profiles at the single-cell level. We discovered that the three disorders cause shared metabolic shifts in endothelial cells. These altered metabolic modules were mainly enriched in the transporter-related pathways and were predicted to potentially lead to a decrease in metabolites such as pyruvate and fumarate. We further found that Lef1, Elk3 and Fosl1 may be upstream transcriptional regulators causing metabolic shifts and may be possible targets for interventions that halt the course of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingxue Yan
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunhao Xu
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhifen Deng
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaoqi Geng
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongping Xia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China.
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China.
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5
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Dunn E, Zhang B, Sahota VK, Augustin H. Potential benefits of medium chain fatty acids in aging and neurodegenerative disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1230467. [PMID: 37680538 PMCID: PMC10481710 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1230467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a large class of neurological disorders characterized by progressive dysfunction and death of neurones. Examples include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aging is the primary risk factor for neurodegeneration; individuals over 65 are more likely to suffer from a neurodegenerative disease, with prevalence increasing with age. As the population ages, the social and economic burden caused by these diseases will increase. Therefore, new therapies that address both aging and neurodegeneration are imperative. Ketogenic diets (KDs) are low carbohydrate, high-fat diets developed initially as an alternative treatment for epilepsy. The classic ketogenic diet provides energy via long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs); naturally occurring medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), on the other hand, are the main components of the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet. MCT-based diets are more efficient at generating the ketone bodies that are used as a secondary energy source for neurones and astrocytes. However, ketone levels alone do not closely correlate with improved clinical symptoms. Recent findings suggest an alternative mode of action for the MCFAs, e.g., via improving mitochondrial biogenesis and glutamate receptor inhibition. MCFAs have been linked to the treatment of both aging and neurodegenerative disease via their effects on metabolism. Through action on multiple disease-related pathways, MCFAs are emerging as compounds with notable potential to promote healthy aging and ameliorate neurodegeneration. MCFAs have been shown to stimulate autophagy and restore mitochondrial function, which are found to be disrupted in aging and neurodegeneration. This review aims to provide insight into the metabolic benefits of MCFAs in neurodegenerative disease and healthy aging. We will discuss the use of MCFAs to combat dysregulation of autophagy and mitochondrial function in the context of "normal" aging, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hrvoje Augustin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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6
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Lista S, González-Domínguez R, López-Ortiz S, González-Domínguez Á, Menéndez H, Martín-Hernández J, Lucia A, Emanuele E, Centonze D, Imbimbo BP, Triaca V, Lionetto L, Simmaco M, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Mill J, Li L, Mapstone M, Santos-Lozano A, Nisticò R. Integrative metabolomics science in Alzheimer's disease: Relevance and future perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101987. [PMID: 37343679 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is determined by various pathophysiological mechanisms starting 10-25 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. As multiple functionally interconnected molecular/cellular pathways appear disrupted in AD, the exploitation of high-throughput unbiased omics sciences is critical to elucidating the precise pathogenesis of AD. Among different omics, metabolomics is a fast-growing discipline allowing for the simultaneous detection and quantification of hundreds/thousands of perturbed metabolites in tissues or biofluids, reproducing the fluctuations of multiple networks affected by a disease. Here, we seek to critically depict the main metabolomics methodologies with the aim of identifying new potential AD biomarkers and further elucidating AD pathophysiological mechanisms. From a systems biology perspective, as metabolic alterations can occur before the development of clinical signs, metabolomics - coupled with existing accessible biomarkers used for AD screening and diagnosis - can support early disease diagnosis and help develop individualized treatment plans. Presently, the majority of metabolomic analyses emphasized that lipid metabolism is the most consistently altered pathway in AD pathogenesis. The possibility that metabolomics may reveal crucial steps in AD pathogenesis is undermined by the difficulty in discriminating between the causal or epiphenomenal or compensatory nature of metabolic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Álvaro González-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Héctor Menéndez
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diego Centonze
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Viviana Triaca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Lionetto
- Clinical Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Section, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Clinical Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Section, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- Digital Technologies Research Center, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jericha Mill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain; Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Nisticò
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
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7
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Preziuso A, Piccirillo S, Cerqueni G, Serfilippi T, Terenzi V, Vinciguerra A, Orciani M, Amoroso S, Magi S, Lariccia V. Exploring the Role of NCX1 and NCX3 in an In Vitro Model of Metabolism Impairment: Potential Neuroprotective Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1005. [PMID: 37508434 PMCID: PMC10376230 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder, affecting a large number of elderly individuals worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic alterations, and oxidative stress are regarded as cooperating drivers of the progression of AD. In particular, metabolic impairment amplifies the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in detrimental alterations to intracellular Ca2+ regulatory processes. The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) proteins are key pathophysiological determinants of Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis, operating at both the plasma membrane and mitochondria levels. Our study aimed to explore the role of NCX1 and NCX3 in retinoic acid (RA) differentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with glyceraldehyde (GA), to induce impairment of the default glucose metabolism that typically precedes Aβ deposition or Tau protein phosphorylation in AD. By using an RNA interference-mediated approach to silence either NCX1 or NCX3 expression, we found that, in GA-treated cells, the knocking-down of NCX3 ameliorated cell viability, increased the intracellular ATP production, and reduced the oxidative damage. Remarkably, NCX3 silencing also prevented the enhancement of Aβ and pTau levels and normalized the GA-induced decrease in NCX reverse-mode activity. By contrast, the knocking-down of NCX1 was totally ineffective in preventing GA-induced cytotoxicity except for the increase in ATP synthesis. These findings indicate that NCX3 and NCX1 may differently influence the evolution of AD pathology fostered by glucose metabolic dysfunction, thus providing a potential target for preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cerqueni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziano Serfilippi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Terenzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monia Orciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-Histology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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8
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Wang P, Wang X, Wang Q, Jiao Y, Wang X, Chen C, Chen H, Song T. Cognitive improvement via a modulated rhythmic pulsed magnetic field in D-galactose-induced accelerated aging mice. Brain Res 2023; 1810:148372. [PMID: 37094765 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmic physical stimulations have emerged as effective noninvasive intervention strategies in the treatment of pathological cognitive deficits. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can regulate neural firing and improve the learning and memory abilities of rodents or patients with cognitive deterioration. However, the effects of elaborate magnetic stimulation with low intensity during aging or other neurological disordering processes on cognitive decline remain unclear. In this study, we developed an elaborate modulated pulsed magnetic field (PMF) stimulation with a complex pattern in the theta repeated frequency and gamma carrier frequency and then determined the effects of this rhythmic PMF on the cognitive function of accelerated aging mice established by chronic subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (D-gal). The results of the Morris water maze (MWM) test showed that mice treated with modulated PMF displayed shorter swimming distance and latency time in the spatial exploration acquisition trial and exhibited a significant preference in the target presumptive platform area in the probe trial, all of which indicated the enhancement in spatial learning and memory abilities upon PMF stimulation of the accelerated aging mice. The novel object recognition (NOR) test results showed a similar tendency as the MWM results although without statistical significance. Further determination of histological structures demonstrated that the cognitive function-related hippocampal CA3 neurons degenerated upon D-gal injection, which could also be partially rescued by PMF application. In comparison with the high-intensity TMS approach, low-intensity magnetic stimulation could be much safer and allow deeper penetration without adverse effects such as seizure. In summary, modulated PMF, even with low intensity, could effectively improve rodent cognitive functions impaired by D-gal-induced accelerated aging, which might provide a new safe therapeutic strategy for cognitive deficits as well as other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingmeng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yangkun Jiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changyou Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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9
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Prajjwal P, Asharaf S, Makhanasa D, Yamparala A, Tariq H, Aleti S, Gadam S, Vora N. Association of Alzheimer's dementia with oral bacteria, vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine levels, and insulin resistance along with its pathophysiology, genetics, imaging, and biomarkers. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101546. [PMID: 36931946 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent form of dementia, particularly among the elderly population. It is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Despite numerous studies, the exact cause of Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain, and various theories have been proposed, including Aβ amyloid deposition in the brain and tau protein hyper-phosphorylation. This review article explores the potential pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, focusing on the effects of derangements in the levels of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine, as well as the impact of oral bacteria causing periodontitis and insulin resistance, and their relationship to Alzheimer's. Studies have shown that high levels of homocysteine and low levels of vitamin B12 and folate, are associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The article also explores the link between Alzheimer's disease and oral bacteria, specifically dental infections and periodontitis, which contribute to the inflammatory processes in the nervous system of Alzheimer's patients. There could be derangement in the insulin signaling further causing disruption in glucose metabolism within the brain, suggesting that Alzheimer's disease may represent a form of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with the brain, commonly known as type 3 diabetes. Neuroimaging techniques, including MRI, PET, and tau PET, can identify the predictive characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, with amyloid PET being the most useful in ruling out the disease. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding genetic and neuroimaging factors in the diagnosing and treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahnaz Asharaf
- Internal Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Halla Tariq
- Internal Medicine, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Soumya Aleti
- Internal Medicine, Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA, USA
| | - Srikanth Gadam
- Internal Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Mayo Clinic, USA
| | - Neel Vora
- Internal Medicine, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
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10
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Al-Lahham R, Mendez N. Tau Loss of Function, by Deletion or Aggregation, Contributes to Peripheral Insulin Resistance. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1041-1058. [PMID: 37638441 PMCID: PMC10578286 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several epidemiological data revealed an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes. Researchers concentrated on brain insulin resistance with little emphasis on the link between systemic insulin resistance and AD, despite the fact that the incidence of type 2 diabetes is higher in AD patients and that impairment in insulin signaling is a risk factor for AD. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to determine the role of systemic insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by evaluating the consequences of tau loss-of-function on peripheral insulin sensitivity. METHODS Primary hepatocytes isolated from transgenic mouse models (Tau KO, P301 L) and wild type mice (C57BL/6) were evaluated for their insulin sensitivity using glucose uptake assays as well as biochemical analysis of insulin signaling markers. RESULTS Our data show that tau deletion or loss of function promotes peripheral insulin resistance as seen in primary hepatocytes isolated from Tau KO and P301 L mice, respectively. Furthermore, exposure of wild-type primary hepatocytes to sub-toxic concentrations of tau oligomers results in a dose-dependent inhibition of glucose uptake, associated with downregulation of insulin signaling. Tau oligomers-induced inactivation of insulin signaling proteins was rescued by inhibition of p38 MAPK, suggesting the involvement of p38 MAPK. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study testing tau role in peripheral insulin resistance at the cellular level using multiple transgenic mouse models. Moreover, this study suggests that tau should be functional for insulin sensitivity, therefore, any loss of function by deletion or aggregation would result in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Al-Lahham
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Mendez
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Agarwal P, Ford CN, Leurgans SE, Beck T, Desai P, Dhana K, Evans DA, Halloway S, Holland TM, Krueger KR, Liu X, Rajan KB, Bennett DA. Dietary Sugar Intake Associated with a Higher Risk of Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1417-1425. [PMID: 37694364 PMCID: PMC10921393 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have limited evidence for the relationship of high sugar intake with dementia risk. OBJECTIVE To determine whether high sugar intake is associated with an increased risk of dementia in community-dwelling older adultsMethods:This study included 789 participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project (community-based longitudinal cohort study of older adults free of known dementia at enrollment), with annual clinical assessments and complete nutrient data (obtained by validated food frequency questionnaire). Clinical diagnosis of dementia is based on the criteria of the joint working group of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association. We used Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS 118 participants developed dementia during 7.3±3.8 years of follow-up. Those in the highest quintile of total sugar intake were twice as likely to develop dementia than those in the lowest quintile (Q5 versus Q1:HR=2.10 (95% CI: 1.05, 4.19) when adjusted for age, sex, education, APOEɛ4 allele, calories from sources other than sugar, physical activity, and diet score. Higher percent calories from sugar were positively associated with dementia risk (β=0.042, p = 0.0009). In exploratory analyses, the highest versus lowest quintile of fructose and sucrose in the diet had higher dementia risk by 2.8 (95% CI: 1.38, 5.67) and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.54) times, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A higher intake of total sugar or total calories from sugar is associated with increased dementia risk in older adults. Among simple sugars, fructose (e.g., sweetened beverages, snacks, packaged desserts) and sucrose (table sugar in juices, desserts, candies, and commercial cereals) are associated with higher dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Agarwal
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher N. Ford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sue E. Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Todd Beck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pankaja Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Denis A. Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shannon Halloway
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas M. Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristin R. Krueger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kumar Bharat Rajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (Section of Community Epidemiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Effect of cx-DHED on Abnormal Glucose Transporter Expression Induced by AD Pathologies in the 5xFAD Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810602. [PMID: 36142509 PMCID: PMC9505457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of dementia associated with abnormal glucose metabolism resulting from amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tau protein tangles. In a previous study, we confirmed that carboxy-dehydroevodiamine∙HCl (cx-DHED), a derivative of DHED, was effective at improving cognitive impairment and reducing phosphorylated tau levels and synaptic loss in an AD mouse model. However, the specific mechanism of action of cx-DHED is unclear. In this study, we investigated how the cx-DHED attenuates AD pathologies in the 5xFAD mouse model, focusing particularly on abnormal glucose metabolism. We analyzed behavioral changes and AD pathologies in mice after intraperitoneal injection of cx-DHED for 2 months. As expected, cx-DHED reversed memory impairment and reduced Aβ plaques and astrocyte overexpression in the brains of 5xFAD mice. Interestingly, cx-DHED reversed the abnormal expression of glucose transporters in the brains of 5xFAD mice. In addition, otherwise low O-GlcNac levels increased, and the overactivity of phosphorylated GSK-3β decreased in the brains of cx-DHED-treated 5xFAD mice. Finally, the reduction in synaptic proteins was found to also improve by treatment with cx-DHED. Therefore, we specifically demonstrated the protective effects of cx-DHED against AD pathologies and suggest that cx-DHED may be a potential therapeutic drug for AD.
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13
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Whitmore CA, Haynes JR, Behof WJ, Rosenberg AJ, Tantawy MN, Hachey BC, Wadzinski BE, Spiller BW, Peterson TE, Paffenroth KC, Harrison FE, Beelman RB, Wijesinghe P, Matsubara JA, Pham W. Longitudinal Consumption of Ergothioneine Reduces Oxidative Stress and Amyloid Plaques and Restores Glucose Metabolism in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060742. [PMID: 35745661 PMCID: PMC9228400 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ergothioneine (ERGO) is a unique antioxidant and a rare amino acid available in fungi and various bacteria but not in higher plants or animals. Substantial research data indicate that ERGO is a physiological antioxidant cytoprotectant. Different from other antioxidants that need to breach the blood-brain barrier to enter the brain parenchyma, a specialized transporter called OCTN1 has been identified for transporting ERGO to the brain. Purpose: To assess whether consumption of ERGO can prevent the progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on young (4-month-old) 5XFAD mice. Methods and materials: Three cohorts of mice were tested in this study, including ERGO-treated 5XFAD, non-treated 5XFAD, and WT mice. After the therapy, the animals went through various behavioral experiments to assess cognition. Then, mice were scanned with PET imaging to evaluate the biomarkers associated with AD using [11C]PIB, [11C]ERGO, and [18F]FDG radioligands. At the end of imaging, the animals went through cardiac perfusion, and the brains were isolated for immunohistology. Results: Young (4-month-old) 5XFAD mice did not show a cognitive deficit, and thus, we observed modest improvement in the treated counterparts. In contrast, the response to therapy was clearly detected at the molecular level. Treating 5XFAD mice with ERGO resulted in reduced amyloid plaques, oxidative stress, and rescued glucose metabolism. Conclusions: Consumption of high amounts of ERGO benefits the brain. ERGO has the potential to prevent AD. This work also demonstrates the power of imaging technology to assess response during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton A. Whitmore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Justin R. Haynes
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - William J. Behof
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Adam J. Rosenberg
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mohammed N. Tantawy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brian C. Hachey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Brian E. Wadzinski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37233, USA; (B.E.W.); (B.W.S.); (K.C.P.)
| | - Benjamin W. Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37233, USA; (B.E.W.); (B.W.S.); (K.C.P.)
| | - Todd E. Peterson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Krista C. Paffenroth
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37233, USA; (B.E.W.); (B.W.S.); (K.C.P.)
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Fiona E. Harrison
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Robert B. Beelman
- Department of Food Science, Center for Plant and Mushroom Foods for Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Printha Wijesinghe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada; (P.W.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Joanne A. Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada; (P.W.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Wellington Pham
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.A.W.); (J.R.H.); (W.J.B.); (A.J.R.); (M.N.T.); (T.E.P.)
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Reiss AB, Ahmed S, Dayaramani C, Glass AD, Gomolin IH, Pinkhasov A, Stecker MM, Wisniewski T, De Leon J. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: A potential pathway to treatment. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Ilina A, Khavinson V, Linkova N, Petukhov M. Neuroepigenetic Mechanisms of Action of Ultrashort Peptides in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084259. [PMID: 35457077 PMCID: PMC9032300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is necessary for maintaining higher-order cognitive functions (learning and memory). The current understanding of the role of epigenetics in the mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is focused on DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and regulation of non-coding RNAs. The pathogenetic links of this disease are the misfolding and aggregation of tau protein and amyloid peptides, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, destruction of the blood–brain barrier, and neuroinflammation, all of which lead to impaired synaptic plasticity and memory loss. Ultrashort peptides are promising neuroprotective compounds with a broad spectrum of activity and without reported side effects. The main aim of this review is to analyze the possible epigenetic mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of ultrashort peptides in AD. The review highlights the role of short peptides in the AD pathophysiology. We formulate the hypothesis that peptide regulation of gene expression can be mediated by the interaction of short peptides with histone proteins, cis- and transregulatory DNA elements and effector molecules (DNA/RNA-binding proteins and non-coding RNA). The development of therapeutic agents based on ultrashort peptides may offer a promising addition to the multifunctional treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Ilina
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 19711 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (N.L.)
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(953)145-89-58
| | - Vladimir Khavinson
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 19711 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (N.L.)
- Group of Peptide Regulation of Aging, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Linkova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 19711 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (N.L.)
| | - Mikhael Petukhov
- Department of Molecular Radiation Biophysics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named after B.P. Konstantinov, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia;
- Group of Biophysics, Higher Engineering and Technical School, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Kim CK, Lee YR, Ong L, Gold M, Kalali A, Sarkar J. Alzheimer's Disease: Key Insights from Two Decades of Clinical Trial Failures. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:83-100. [PMID: 35342092 PMCID: PMC9198803 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the acknowledged lack of success in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug development over the past two decades, the objective of this review was to derive key insights from the myriad failures to inform future drug development. A systematic and exhaustive review was performed on all failed AD compounds for dementia (interventional phase II and III clinical trials from ClinicalTrials.gov) from 2004 to the present. Starting with the initial ∼2,700 AD clinical trials, ∼550 trials met our initial criteria, from which 98 unique phase II and III compounds with various mechanisms of action met our criteria of a failed compound. The two recent reported phase III successes of aducanumab and oligomannate are very encouraging; however, we are awaiting real-world validation of their effectiveness. These two successes against the 98 failures gives a 2.0% phase II and III success rate since 2003, when the previous novel compound was approved. Potential contributing methodological factors for the clinical trial failures were categorized into 1) insufficient evidence to initiate the pivotal trials, and 2) pivotal trial design shortcomings. Our evaluation found that rational drug development principles were not always followed for AD therapeutics development, and the question remains whether some of the failed compounds may have shown efficacy if the principles were better adhered to. Several recommendations are made for future AD therapeutic development. The whole database of the 98 failed compounds is presented in the Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Gold
- Neuroscience Development, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Benderradji H, Kraiem S, Courty E, Eddarkaoui S, Bourouh C, Faivre E, Rolland L, Caron E, Besegher M, Oger F, Boschetti T, Carvalho K, Thiroux B, Gauvrit T, Nicolas E, Gomez-Murcia V, Bogdanova A, Bongiovanni A, Muhr-Tailleux A, Lancel S, Bantubungi K, Sergeant N, Annicotte JS, Buée L, Vieau D, Blum D, Buée-Scherrer V. Impaired Glucose Homeostasis in a Tau Knock-In Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:841892. [PMID: 35250480 PMCID: PMC8889017 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.841892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. While impaired glucose homeostasis has been shown to increase AD risk and pathological loss of tau function, the latter has been suggested to contribute to the emergence of the glucose homeostasis alterations observed in AD patients. However, the links between tau impairments and glucose homeostasis, remain unclear. In this context, the present study aimed at investigating the metabolic phenotype of a new tau knock-in (KI) mouse model, expressing, at a physiological level, a human tau protein bearing the P301L mutation under the control of the endogenous mouse Mapt promoter. Metabolic investigations revealed that, while under chow diet tau KI mice do not exhibit significant metabolic impairments, male but not female tau KI animals under High-Fat Diet (HFD) exhibited higher insulinemia as well as glucose intolerance as compared to control littermates. Using immunofluorescence, tau protein was found colocalized with insulin in the β cells of pancreatic islets in both mouse (WT, KI) and human pancreas. Isolated islets from tau KI and tau knock-out mice exhibited impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), an effect recapitulated in the mouse pancreatic β-cell line (MIN6) following tau knock-down. Altogether, our data indicate that loss of tau function in tau KI mice and, particularly, dysfunction of pancreatic β cells might promote glucose homeostasis impairments and contribute to metabolic changes observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Benderradji
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Sarra Kraiem
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Courty
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm U1283-UMR8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Bourouh
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm U1283-UMR8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Faivre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Laure Rolland
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm U1283-UMR8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille, France
| | - Mélanie Besegher
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, Animal Facility, Lille, France
| | - Frederik Oger
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm U1283-UMR8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Theo Boschetti
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Kévin Carvalho
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Bryan Thiroux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Thibaut Gauvrit
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Nicolas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Victoria Gomez-Murcia
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Anna Bogdanova
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, BioImaging Center Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Muhr-Tailleux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Kadiombo Bantubungi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Sebastien Annicotte
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm U1283-UMR8199—EGID, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: David Blum
| | - Valérie Buée-Scherrer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
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18
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Recent Advances in Understanding of Alzheimer's Disease Progression through Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:1-17. [PMID: 35656096 PMCID: PMC9159642 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-021-00036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the aging population, but despite extensive research, there is no consensus on the biological cause of AD. While AD research is dominated by protein/peptide-centric research based on the amyloid hypothesis, a theory that designates dysfunction in beta-amyloid production, accumulation, or disposal as the primary cause of AD, many studies focus on metabolomics as a means of understanding the biological processes behind AD progression. In this review, we discuss mass spectrometry (MS)-based AD metabolomics studies, including sample type and preparation, mass spectrometry specifications, and data analysis, as well as biological insights gleaned from these studies, with the hope of informing future AD metabolomic studies.
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19
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Myoraku A, Klein G, Landau S, Tosun D. Regional uptakes from early-frame amyloid PET and 18F-FDG PET scans are comparable independent of disease state. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2022; 6:2. [PMID: 35039928 PMCID: PMC8763988 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-021-00123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with amyloid-beta (Aβ) tracers and 2-[18F] fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) is extensively employed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) studies as biomarkers of AD pathology and neurodegeneration. To reduce cost and additional burdens to the patient, early-frame uptake during Aβ PET scanning has been proposed as a surrogate measure of regional glucose metabolism. Considering the disease state specific impact of AD on neurovascular coupling, we investigated to what extent the information captured in the early frames of an Aβ-PET (18F-florbetapir or 18F-florbetaben) scan is comparable to that of a 18F-FDG PET scan, independent of disease state. Method A partial correlation was performed on early-frame 18F-florbetapir and 18F-FDG regional data from 100 participants. In a secondary analysis, we compared 92 18F-florbetapir and 21 18F-florbetaben early-frame Aβ scans from cognitively unimpaired and mild cognitive impairment participants to ascertain if regional early-frame information was similar across different Aβ-PET radioligands. Results The partial correlation of early-frame 18F-florbetapir with 18F-FDG was significant in all 84 brain ROIs, with correlation values ranging from 0.61 to 0.94. There were no significant differences between early-frame 18F-florbetapir and 18F-florbetaben images. Conclusion Overall, we find that the regional uptake measurements from early-frame 18F-florbetapir are strongly correlated with regional glucose metabolism as measured in ground-truth 18F-FDG PET scans, regardless of disease state. Future studies should focus on longitudinal early-frame amyloid PET imaging studies to further assess the value of early-frame imaging as a marker of brain metabolic decline.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41824-021-00123-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Myoraku
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 114M, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Gregory Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3190, USA
| | - Duygu Tosun
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, 114M, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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20
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Wu XJ, Shu QQ, Wang B, Dong L, Hao B. Acetoacetate Improves Memory in Alzheimer's Mice via Promoting Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Inhibiting Inflammation. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221124949. [PMID: 36113018 PMCID: PMC10581103 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221124949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ketone bodies, especially the β-hydroxybutyrate, had been shown to modulate the function of the central nervous system and prevent the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the role of acetoacetate in the AD brain. Thus, we intraventricularly injected acetoacetate into familial AD mice (APPSWE) for 14 days and monitored their memory and biochemical changes. During the behavior test, acetoacetate at 100 mg/kg led to significant improvement in both Y-maze and novel object recognition tests (NORTs) (both P < .05), indicating ameliorating spatial and recognition memory, respectively. Biomedical tests revealed two mechanisms were involved. Firstly, acetoacetate inhibited the GPR43-pERK pathway, which led to apparent inhibition in tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-6 expression in the hippocampus in a concentration-dependent manner. Secondarily, acetoacetate stimulated the expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We concluded that acetoacetate could ameliorate AD symptoms and exhibited promising features as a therapeutic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Fu-Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qin-Qin Shu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai No. 4 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lan Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bin Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Fu-Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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21
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Yassine HN, Solomon V, Thakral A, Sheikh-Bahaei N, Chui HC, Braskie MN, Schneider LS, Talbot K. Brain energy failure in dementia syndromes: Opportunities and challenges for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:478-497. [PMID: 34647685 PMCID: PMC8940606 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medications for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) offer a promising path for discovery and development of effective interventions for dementia syndromes. A common feature of dementia syndromes is an energy failure due to reduced energy supply to neurons and is associated with synaptic loss and results in cognitive decline and behavioral changes. Among diabetes medications, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists (RAs) promote protective effects on vascular, microglial, and neuronal functions. In this review, we present evidence from animal models, imaging studies, and clinical trials that support developing GLP‐1 RAs for dementia syndromes. The review examines how changes in brain energy metabolism differ in conditions of insulin resistance and T2DM from dementia and underscores the challenges that arise from the heterogeneity of dementia syndromes. The development of GLP‐1 RAs as dementia therapies requires a deeper understanding of the regional changes in brain energy homeostasis guided by novel imaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angad Thakral
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meredith N Braskie
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pathology and Human Anatomy, and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
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22
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Turner DA. Contrasting Metabolic Insufficiency in Aging and Dementia. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1081-1096. [PMID: 34221551 PMCID: PMC8219502 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic insufficiency and neuronal dysfunction occur in normal aging but is exaggerated in dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metabolic insufficiency includes factors important for both substrate supply and utilization in the brain. Metabolic insufficiency occurs through a number of serial mechanisms, particularly changes in cerebrovascular supply through blood vessel abnormalities (ie, small and large vessel vasculopathy, stroke), alterations in neurovascular coupling providing dynamic blood flow supply in relation to neuronal demand, abnormalities in blood brain barrier including decreased glucose and amino acid transport, altered glymphatic flow in terms of substrate supply across the extracellular space to cells and drainage into CSF of metabolites, impaired transport into cells, and abnormal intracellular metabolism with more reliance on glycolysis and less on mitochondrial function. Recent studies have confirmed abnormal neurovascular coupling in a mouse model of AD in response to metabolic challenges, but the supply chain from the vascular system into neurons is disrupted much earlier in dementia than in equivalently aged individuals, contributing to the progressive neuronal degeneration and cognitive dysfunction associated with dementia. We discuss several metabolic treatment approaches, but these depend on characterizing patients as to who would benefit the most. Surrogate biomarkers of metabolism are being developed to include dynamic estimates of neuronal demand, sufficiency of neurovascular coupling, and glymphatic flow to supplement traditional static measurements. These surrogate biomarkers could be used to gauge efficacy of metabolic treatments in slowing down or modifying dementia time course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Turner
- Neurosurgery, Neurobiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Research and Surgery Services, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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23
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Inflammasome NLRP3 Potentially Links Obesity-Associated Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance with Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115603. [PMID: 34070553 PMCID: PMC8198882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. Metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may stimulate amyloid β (Aβ) aggregate formation. AD, obesity, and T2DM share similar features such as chronic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and impaired energy metabolism. Adiposity is associated with the pro-inflammatory phenotype. Adiposity-related inflammatory factors lead to the formation of inflammasome complexes, which are responsible for the activation, maturation, and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Activation of the inflammasome complex, particularly NLRP3, has a crucial role in obesity-induced inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2DM. The abnormal activation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway influences neuroinflammatory processes. NLRP3/IL-1β signaling could underlie the association between adiposity and cognitive impairment in humans. The review includes a broadened approach to the role of obesity-related diseases (obesity, low-grade chronic inflammation, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and enhanced NLRP3 activity) in AD. Moreover, we also discuss the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 activation potentially links inflammation, peripheral and central insulin resistance, and metabolic changes with AD.
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24
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Soares Martins T, Magalhães S, Rosa IM, Vogelgsang J, Wiltfang J, Delgadillo I, Catita J, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Nunes A, Henriques AG. Potential of FTIR Spectroscopy Applied to Exosomes for Alzheimer's Disease Discrimination: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:391-405. [PMID: 32039849 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is based on psychological and imaging tests but can also include monitoring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. However, CSF based-neurochemical approaches are expensive and invasive, limiting their use to well-equipped settings. In contrast, blood-based biomarkers are minimally invasive, cost-effective, and a widely accessible alternative. Blood-derived exosomes have recently emerged as a reliable AD biomarker source, carrying disease-specific cargo. Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy meets the criteria for an ideal diagnostic methodology since it is rapid, easy to implement, and has high reproducibility. This metabolome-based technique is useful for diagnosing a broad range of diseases, although to our knowledge, no reports for FTIR spectroscopy applied to exosomes in AD exist. In this ground-breaking pilot study, FTIR spectra of serum and serum-derived exosomes from two independent cohorts were acquired and analyzed using multivariate analysis. The regional UA-cohort includes 9 individuals, clinically diagnosed with AD, mean age of 78.7 years old; and the UMG-cohort comprises 12 individuals, clinically diagnosed with AD (based on molecular and/or imaging data), mean age of 73.2 years old. Unsupervised principal component analysis of FTIR spectra of serum-derived exosomes revealed higher discriminatory value for AD cases when compared to serum as a whole. Consistently, the partial least-squares analysis revealed that serum-derived exosomes present higher correlations than serum. In addition, the second derivative peak area calculation also revealed significant differences among Controls and AD cases. The results obtained suggest that this methodology can discriminate cases from Controls and thus be potential useful to assist in AD clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Soares Martins
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Magalhães
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,CICECO -Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ilka Martins Rosa
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - José Catita
- CEBIMED-Faculty of Health Sciences; University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,Paralab SA, Gondomar, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,The Discovery CTR, University of Aveiro Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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25
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Baligand C, Barret O, Tourais A, Pérot JB, Thenadey D, Petit F, Liot G, Gaillard MC, Flament J, Dhenain M, Valette J. Zero Echo Time 17O-MRI Reveals Decreased Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Consumption in a Murine Model of Amyloidosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050263. [PMID: 33922384 PMCID: PMC8145383 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) is a key metric to investigate the mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration in animal models and evaluate potential new therapies. CMRO2 can be measured by direct 17O magnetic resonance imaging (17O-MRI) of H217O signal changes during inhalation of 17O-labeled oxygen gas. In this study, we built a simple gas distribution system and used 3D zero echo time (ZTE-)MRI at 11.7 T to measure CMRO2 in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of amyloidosis. We found that CMRO2 was significantly lower in the APPswe/PS1dE9 brain than in wild-type at 12-14 months. We also estimated cerebral blood flow (CBF) from the post-inhalation washout curve and found no difference between groups. These results suggest that the lower CMRO2 observed in APPswe/PS1dE9 is likely due to metabolism impairment rather than to reduced blood flow. Analysis of the 17O-MRI data using different quantification models (linear and 3-phase model) showed that the choice of the model does not affect group comparison results. However, the simplified linear model significantly underestimated the absolute CMRO2 values compared to a 3-phase model. This may become of importance when combining several metabolic fluxes measurements to study neuro-metabolic coupling.
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26
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Mayfield RD, Zhu L, Smith TA, Tiwari GR, Tucker HO. The SMYD1 and skNAC transcription factors contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 9:100129. [PMID: 34589886 PMCID: PMC8474399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SMYD1 and the skNAC isoform of the NAC transcription factor have both previously been characterized as transcription factors in hematopoiesis and cardiac/skeletal muscle. Here we report that comparative analysis of genes deregulated by SMYD1 or skNAC knockdown in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts identified transcripts characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's Diseases (AD, PD, and HD). This led us to determine whether SMYD1 and skNAC function together or independently within the brain. Based on meta-analyses and direct experimentation, we observed SMYD1 and skNAC expression within cortical striata of human brains, mouse brains and transgenic mouse models of these diseases. We observed some of these features in mouse myoblasts induced to differentiate into neurons. Finally, several defining features of Alzheimer's pathology, including the brain-specific, axon-enriched microtubule-associated protein, Tau, are deregulated upon SMYD1 loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Dayne Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Tyler A. Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Gayatri R. Tiwari
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Haley O. Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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27
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Scholefield M, Unwin RD, Cooper GJ. Shared perturbations in the metallome and metabolome of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and dementia with Lewy bodies: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101152. [PMID: 32846222 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite differences in presentation, age-related dementing diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's diseases (HD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) may share pathogenic processes. This review aims to systematically assemble and compare findings in various biochemical pathways across these four dementias. PubMed and Google Scholar were screened for articles reporting on brain and biofluid measurements of metals and/or metabolites in AD, PD, HD, or DLB. Articles were assessed using specific a priori-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of 284 papers identified, 198 met criteria for inclusion. Although varying coverage levels of metals and metabolites across diseases and tissues made comparison of many analytes impossible, several common findings were identified: elevated glucose in both brain tissue and biofluids of AD, PD, and HD cases; increased iron and decreased copper in AD, PD and HD brain tissue; and decreased uric acid in biofluids of AD and PD cases. Other analytes were found to differ between diseases or were otherwise not covered across all conditions. These findings indicate that disturbances in glucose and purine pathways may be common to AD, PD, and HD. However, standardisation of methodologies and better coverage in some areas - notably of DLB - are necessary to validate and extend these findings.
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28
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Schreyer S, Klein C, Pfeffer A, Rasińska J, Stahn L, Knuth K, Abuelnor B, Panzel AEC, Rex A, Koch S, Hemmati-Sadeghi S, Steiner B. Chia seeds as a potential cognitive booster in the APP23 Alzheimer's disease model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18215. [PMID: 33106576 PMCID: PMC7589531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism potentially contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and might even represent an underlying mechanism. Here, we investigate the relationship of diet-induced metabolic stress and AD as well as the therapeutic potential of chia seeds as a modulator of glucose metabolism in the APP23 mouse model. 4-6 (pre-plaque stage, PRE) and 28-32 (advanced-plaque stage, ADV) weeks old APP23 and wild type mice received pretreatment for 12 weeks with either sucrose-rich (SRD) or control diet, followed by 8 weeks of chia seed supplementation. Although ADV APP23 mice generally showed functioning glucose homeostasis, they were more prone to SRD-induced glucose intolerance. This was accompanied by elevated corticosterone levels and mild insulin insensitivity. Chia seeds improved spatial learning deficits but not impaired cognitive flexibility, potentially mediated by amelioration of glucose tolerance, attenuation of corticosterone levels and reversal of SRD-induced elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Since cognitive symptoms and plaque load were not aggravated by SRD-induced metabolic stress, despite enhanced neuroinflammation in the PRE group, we conclude that impairments of glucose metabolism do not represent an underlying mechanism of AD in this mouse model. Nevertheless, chia seeds might provide therapeutic potential in AD as shown by the amelioration of cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schreyer
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Klein
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Pfeffer
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Justyna Rasińska
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Stahn
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karlotta Knuth
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Basim Abuelnor
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Elisabeth Catharina Panzel
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Rex
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shabnam Hemmati-Sadeghi
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Shaughness M, Acs D, Brabazon F, Hockenbury N, Byrnes KR. Role of Insulin in Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration: A Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:547175. [PMID: 33100956 PMCID: PMC7546823 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.547175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a hormone typically associated with pancreatic release and blood sugar regulation. The brain was long thought to be “insulin-independent,” but research has shown that insulin receptors (IR) are expressed on neurons, microglia and astrocytes, among other cells. The effects of insulin on cells within the central nervous system are varied, and can include both metabolic and non-metabolic functions. Emerging data suggests that insulin can improve neuronal survival or recovery after trauma or during neurodegenerative diseases. Further, data suggests a strong anti-inflammatory component of insulin, which may also play a role in both neurotrauma and neurodegeneration. As a result, administration of exogenous insulin, either via systemic or intranasal routes, is an increasing area of focus in research in neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disorders. This review will explore the literature to date on the role of insulin in neurotrauma and neurodegeneration, with a focus on traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shaughness
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deanna Acs
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fiona Brabazon
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Hockenbury
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly R Byrnes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Hajjar I, Liu C, Jones DP, Uppal K. Untargeted metabolomics reveal dysregulations in sugar, methionine, and tyrosine pathways in the prodromal state of AD. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12064. [PMID: 32793799 PMCID: PMC7418891 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered metabolism may occur years before clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used untargeted metabolomics on the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to uncover metabolomic derangements. METHODS CSF from 92 normal controls and 93 MCI underwent untargeted metabolomics using high-resolution mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was used followed by metabolite annotation and pathway enrichment analysis (PES). Significant features were correlated with disease phenotypes. RESULTS We identified 294 features differentially expressed between the two groups and 94 were annotated. PES showed that sugar regulation (N-glycan, P = .0007; sialic acid, P = .0014; aminosugars, P = .0042; galactose, P = .0054), methionine regulation (P = .0081), and tyrosine metabolism (P = .019) pathways were differentially activated and significant features within these pathways correlated with multiple disease phenotypes. CONCLUSION There is a metabolic signature characterized by impairments in sugars, methionine, and tyrosine regulation in MCI. Targeting these pathways may offer new therapeutic approaches to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Hajjar
- Medicine and NeurologyDepartment of NeurologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Department of MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Abstract
As the worldwide population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases. However, the results of promising medications have been unsatisfactory. Chinese acupuncture has a long history of treating dementia, but lack of evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials that validate its efficacy and safety, as well as its lack of clear underlying mechanisms, contribute to its limited application in clinical practice. In recent years, brain imaging technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, have been used to assess brain responses to acupuncture in a dynamic, visual, and objective way. These techniques are frequently used to explore neurological mechanisms of responses to acupuncture in AD and provide neuroimaging evidence as well as starting points to elucidate the possible mechanisms. This review summarizes the existing brain imaging evidence that explains the effects of acupuncture for AD and analyzes brain responses to acupuncture at cognitive-related acupoints [Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6), and Taixi (KI 3)] from perspectives of acupoint specificity and acupoint combinations. Key issues and directions to consider in future studies are also put forward. This review should deepen our understanding of how brain imaging studies can be used to explore the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in AD.
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Milte CM, Ball K, Crawford D, McNaughton SA. Diet quality and cognitive function in mid-aged and older men and women. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:361. [PMID: 31864295 PMCID: PMC6925482 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date much research into nutrition and cognitive function has been at the nutrient or food level, with inconsistent results. There is increasing interest in the dietary pattern approach to assess whole diet quality and its association with cognitive function. This study investigated if diet quality is associated with cognitive function in men and women aged 55 years and over. Methods Adults aged 55–65 years in the Wellbeing, Eating and Exercise for a Long Life (WELL) study in Victoria, Australia (n = 617) completed a postal survey including a 111-item food frequency questionnaire in 2010 and 2014. Diet quality was assessed via the revised dietary guideline index (DGI-2013) and also by its individual components which assessed key food groups and dietary behaviours from the Australian Dietary Guidelines. The Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS-m) measured cognitive function in 2014. Associations between past (2010) and recent (2014) diet quality and its components, and cognitive function were assessed by linear regression adjusted for covariates. Results After adjustment for age, sex, education, urban/rural status and physical activity there were no associations between diet quality in 2010 and cognitive function in 2014. However participants who reported higher dietary variety (B = 0.28, 95% CI 0.03, 0.52) and women who reported “sometimes” adding salt to food after cooking (B = 0.98, 95% CI 0.25, 1.71) in 2010 displayed better cognitive function in 2014. In 2014, usual consumption of higher fibre bread choices in the total sample (B = 1.32, 95% CI 0.42, 2.23), and higher diet quality (B = 0.03, 95% CI 0.00, 0.07) and greater fluid consumption (B = 0.14, 95% CI 0.01, 0.27) in men were all associated with better cognitive function. In addition, men who reported “usually” adding salt to their food during cooking displayed poorer cognitive function (B = -1.37, 95% CI -2.39, − 0.35). There were no other associations between dietary intake and cognitive function observed in the adjusted models. Conclusion An association between dietary variety and some limited dietary behaviours and cognitive function was observed, with variation by gender. Future research should consider trajectories of dietary change over longer time periods as determinants of health and function in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Milte
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia.
| | - Kylie Ball
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia
| | - David Crawford
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia
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Zhang M, Cheng X, Dang R, Zhang W, Zhang J, Yao Z. Lactate Deficit in an Alzheimer Disease Mouse Model: The Relationship With Neuronal Damage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:1163-1176. [PMID: 30383244 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral energy metabolism in Alzheimer disease (AD) has recently been given increasing attention. This study focuses on the alterations of cerebral lactate metabolism in the double-transgenic amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting analysis were used to identify the alterations of lactate content and lactate transporters (MCT1, MCT2, MCT4) in APP/PS1 mouse brains, which display amyloid beta plaques, reduced amounts of neurons and oligodendrocytes, and increased quantity of astrocytes. We found that lactate content and expressions of cerebral MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 were decreased in APP/PS1 mice. In particular, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and B (LDHB) were reduced in neurons with increased ratios of LDHA and LDHB. This study suggests that the decreases of cerebral lactate content and lactate transporters may lead to the blockage of lactate transport from glia to neurons, resulting in neuronal lactate deficit. The increased ratio of neuronal LDHA and LDHB may represent a reaction of neurons to lactate deficit, although it cannot reverse the energy deficiency in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ruozhi Dang
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxiang Yao
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Ma Y, Jun GR, Zhang X, Chung J, Naj AC, Chen Y, Bellenguez C, Hamilton-Nelson K, Martin ER, Kunkle BW, Bis JC, Debette S, DeStefano AL, Fornage M, Nicolas G, van Duijn C, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Mayeux R, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Seshadri S, Lambert JC, Schellenberg GD, Lunetta KL, Farrer LA. Analysis of Whole-Exome Sequencing Data for Alzheimer Disease Stratified by APOE Genotype. JAMA Neurol 2019; 76:1099-1108. [PMID: 31180460 PMCID: PMC6563544 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previous genome-wide association studies of common variants identified associations for Alzheimer disease (AD) loci evident only among individuals with particular APOE alleles. OBJECTIVE To identify APOE genotype-dependent associations with infrequent and rare variants using whole-exome sequencing. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The discovery stage included 10 441 non-Hispanic white participants in the Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project. Replication was sought in 2 independent, whole-exome sequencing data sets (1766 patients with AD, 2906 without AD [controls]) and a chip-based genotype imputation data set (8728 patients with AD, 9808 controls). Bioinformatics and functional analyses were conducted using clinical, cognitive, neuropathologic, whole-exome sequencing, and gene expression data obtained from a longitudinal cohort sample including 402 patients with AD and 647 controls. Data were analyzed between March 2017 and September 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Score, Firth, and sequence kernel association tests were used to test the association of AD risk with individual variants and genes in subgroups of APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers. Results with P ≤ 1 × 10-5 were further evaluated in the replication data sets and combined by meta-analysis. RESULTS Among 3145 patients with AD and 4213 controls lacking ε4 (mean [SD] age, 83.4 [7.6] years; 4363 [59.3.%] women), novel genome-wide significant associations were obtained in the discovery sample with rs536940594 in AC099552 (odds ratio [OR], 88.0; 95% CI, 9.08-852.0; P = 2.22 × 10-7) and rs138412600 in GPAA1 (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.44-2.2; meta-P = 7.81 × 10-8). GPAA1 was also associated with expression in the brain of GPAA1 (β = -0.08; P = .03) and its repressive transcription factor, FOXG1 (β = 0.13; P = .003), and global cognition function (β = -0.53; P = .009). Significant gene-wide associations (threshold P ≤ 6.35 × 10-7) were observed for OR8G5 (P = 4.67 × 10-7), IGHV3-7 (P = 9.75 × 10-16), and SLC24A3 (P = 2.67 × 10-12) in 2377 patients with AD and 706 controls with ε4 (mean [SD] age, 75.2 [9.6] years; 1668 [54.1%] women). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The study identified multiple possible novel associations for AD with individual and aggregated rare variants in groups of individuals with and without APOE ε4 alleles that reinforce known and suggest additional pathways leading to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Ma
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Center, Division of Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Gyungah R. Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaeyoon Chung
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam C. Naj
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Celine Bellenguez
- Universite de Lille, INSERM UMR1167, Institute Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kara Hamilton-Nelson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Eden R. Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Brian W. Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anita L. DeStefano
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myriam Fornage
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Centre National de Référence pour les Malades Alzheimer Jeunes, Rouen, France
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Center, Division of Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio
| | | | | | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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VAQUERO JESÚS, ZURITA MERCEDES, MUCIENTES JORGE, PASCUAL MARIAL, FERNÁNDEZ-MATEOS CECILIA, GARCIA ESTEFANIA, FERNÁNDEZ-GUINEA SARA. Intrathecal cell therapy with autologous stromal cells increases cerebral glucose metabolism and can offer a new approach to the treatment of Alzheimer's type dementia. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:428-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Halon-Golabek M, Borkowska A, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Antosiewicz J. Iron Metabolism of the Skeletal Muscle and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:165. [PMID: 30949015 PMCID: PMC6436082 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies clearly indicate that the endocrine function of the skeletal muscle is essential for a long and healthy life. Regular exercise, which has been shown to stimulate the release of myokines, lowers the risk of many diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, emphasizing the role of skeletal muscle in proper functioning of other tissues. In addition, exercise increases insulin sensitivity, which may also impact iron metabolism. Even though the role of iron in neurodegeneration is well established, the exact mechanisms of iron toxicity are not known. Interestingly, exercise has been shown to modulate iron metabolism, mainly by reducing body iron stores. Insulin signaling and iron metabolism are interconnected, as high tissue iron stores are associated with insulin resistance, and conversely, impaired insulin signaling may lead to iron accumulation in an affected tissue. Excess iron accumulation in tissue triggers iron-dependent oxidative stress. Further, iron overload in the skeletal muscle not only negatively affects muscle contractility but also might impact its endocrine function, thus possibly affecting the clinical outcome of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms of iron dependent oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, its impact on muscle mass and endocrine function, as well as on neurodegeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Halon-Golabek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andzelika Borkowska
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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Femminella GD, Thayanandan T, Calsolaro V, Komici K, Rengo G, Corbi G, Ferrara N. Imaging and Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3702. [PMID: 30469491 PMCID: PMC6321449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and is a significant burden for affected patients, carers, and health systems. Great advances have been made in understanding its pathophysiology, to a point that we are moving from a purely clinical diagnosis to a biological one based on the use of biomarkers. Among those, imaging biomarkers are invaluable in Alzheimer's, as they provide an in vivo window to the pathological processes occurring in Alzheimer's brain. While some imaging techniques are still under evaluation in the research setting, some have reached widespread clinical use. In this review, we provide an overview of the most commonly used imaging biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease, from molecular PET imaging to structural MRI, emphasising the concept that multimodal imaging would likely prove to be the optimal tool in the future of Alzheimer's research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Thayanandan
- Imperial Memory Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, UK.
| | - Valeria Calsolaro
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Klara Komici
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA-Società Benefit, IRCCS, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy.
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA-Società Benefit, IRCCS, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy.
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Romero-Molina C, Navarro V, Sanchez-Varo R, Jimenez S, Fernandez-Valenzuela JJ, Sanchez-Mico MV, Muñoz-Castro C, Gutierrez A, Vitorica J, Vizuete M. Distinct Microglial Responses in Two Transgenic Murine Models of TAU Pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:421. [PMID: 30487735 PMCID: PMC6246744 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are crucial players in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microglial response in AD has been principally studied in relation to amyloid-beta pathology but, comparatively, little is known about inflammatory processes associated to tau pathology. In the hippocampus of AD patients, where tau pathology is more prominent than amyloid-beta pathology, a microglial degenerative process has been reported. In this work, we have directly compared the microglial response in two different transgenic tau mouse models: ThyTau22 and P301S. Surprisingly, these two models showed important differences in the microglial profile and tau pathology. Where ThyTau22 hippocampus manifested mild microglial activation, P301S mice exhibited a strong microglial response in parallel with high phospho-tau accumulation. This differential phospho-tau expression could account for the different microglial response in these two tau strains. However, soluble (S1) fractions from ThyTau22 hippocampus presented relatively high content of soluble phospho-tau (AT8-positive) and were highly toxic for microglial cells in vitro, whereas the correspondent S1 fractions from P301S mice displayed low soluble phospho-tau levels and were not toxic for microglial cells. Therefore, not only the expression levels but the aggregation of phospho-tau should differ between both models. In fact, most of tau forms in the P301S mice were aggregated and, in consequence, forming insoluble tau species. We conclude that different factors as tau mutations, accumulation, phosphorylation, and/or aggregation could account for the distinct microglial responses observed in these two tau models. For this reason, deciphering the molecular nature of toxic tau species for microglial cells might be a promising therapeutic approach in order to restore the deficient immunological protection observed in AD hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Romero-Molina
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Fernandez-Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Mico
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
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Pinho TS, Correia SC, Perry G, Ambrósio AF, Moreira PI. Diminished O-GlcNAcylation in Alzheimer's disease is strongly correlated with mitochondrial anomalies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:2048-2059. [PMID: 30412792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Uncover the initial cause(s) underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is imperative for the development of new therapeutic interventions to counteract AD-related symptomatology and neuropathology in a timely manner. The early stages of AD are characterized by a brain hypometabolic state as denoted by faulty glucose uptake and utilization and abnormal mitochondrial function and distribution which, ultimately, culminates in synaptic "starvation" and neuronal degeneration. Importantly, it was recently recognized that the post-translational modification β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modulates mitochondrial function, motility and distribution being proposed to act as a nutrient sensor that links glucose and the metabolic status to neuronal function. Using post-mortem human brain tissue, brain samples from the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) and in vitro models of AD (differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to AD-mimicking conditions), the present study is aimed to clarify whether O-GlcNAcylation, the posttranslational modification of intracellular proteins by O-GlcNAc, contributes to "mitochondrial pathology" in AD and its potential as a therapeutic target. A reduction in global O-GlcNAcylation levels was observed in the brain cortex and hippocampus of AD subjects. Moreover, GlcNAcylation levels are higher in mature mice but the levels of this posttranslational modification are lower in 3xTg-AD mice when compared to control mice. The in vitro models of AD also exhibited a marked reduction in global O-GlcNAcylation levels, which was strongly correlated with hampered mitochondrial bioenergetic function, disruption of the mitochondrial network and loss of cell viability. Conversely, the pharmacological modulation of O-GlcNAcylation levels with Thiamet-G restored O-GlcNAcylation levels and cell viability in the in vitro models of AD. Overall, these results suggest that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in AD pathology functioning as a potential link between mitochondrial energetic crisis and synaptic and neuronal degeneration. This posttranslational modification represents a promising therapeutic target to tackle this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany S Pinho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia C Correia
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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40
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Patel S. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an inflammatory, systemic, lifestyle endocrinopathy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 182:27-36. [PMID: 29678491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder, afflicting females of reproductive age. This syndrome leads to infertility, insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiovascular problems, including a litany of other health issues. PCOS is a polygenic, polyfactorial, systemic, inflammatory, dysregulated steroid state, autoimmune disease, manifesting largely due to lifestyle errors. The advent of biochemical tests and ultrasound scanning has enabled the detection of PCOS in the affected females. Subsequently, a huge amount of insight on PCOS has been garnered in recent times. Interventions like oral contraceptive pills, metformin, and hormone therapy have been developed to bypass or reverse the ill effects of PCOS. However, lifestyle correction to prevent aberrant immune activation and to minimize the exposure to inflammatory agents, appears to be the sustainable therapy of PCOS. This holistic review with multiple hypotheses might facilitate to devise better PCOS management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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41
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Fonar G, Polis B, Meirson T, Maltsev A, Elliott E, Samson AO. Intracerebroventricular Administration of L-arginine Improves Spatial Memory Acquisition in Triple Transgenic Mice Via Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Transl Neurosci 2018; 9:43-53. [PMID: 29876138 PMCID: PMC5984558 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2018-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine is one of the most versatile semi-essential amino acids. Further to the primary role in protein biosynthesis, arginine is involved in the urea cycle, and it is a precursor of nitric oxide. Arginine deficiency is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). In this study, we administer arginine intracerebroventricularly in a murine model of AD and evaluate cognitive functions in a set of behavioral tests. In addition, the effect of arginine on synaptic plasticity was tested electrophysiologically by assessment of the hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). The effect of arginine on β amyloidosis was tested immunohistochemically. A role of arginine in the prevention of cytotoxicity and apoptosis was evaluated in vitro on PC-12 cells. The results indicate that intracerebroventricular administration of arginine improves spatial memory acquisition in 3xTg-AD mice, however, without significantly reducing intraneuronal β amyloidosis. Arginine shows little or no impact on LTP and does not rescue LTP deterioration induced by Aβ. Nevertheless, arginine possesses neuroprotective and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadiy Fonar
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Baruh Polis
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tomer Meirson
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Alexander Maltsev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evan Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Abraham O Samson
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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42
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Mullins R, Reiter D, Kapogiannis D. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals abnormalities of glucose metabolism in the Alzheimer's brain. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:262-272. [PMID: 29560372 PMCID: PMC5846391 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Brain glucose hypometabolism is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in this case-control study we used Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to assess AD-related differences in the posterior cingulate/precuneal ratio of glucose, lactate, and other metabolites. Methods J-modulated Point-Resolved Spectroscopy (J-PRESS) and Prior-Knowledge Fitting (ProFit) software was used to measure glucose and other metabolites in the posterior cingulate/precuneus of 25 AD, 27 older controls, and 27 younger control participants. Clinical assessments for AD participants included cognitive performance measures, insulin resistance metrics and CSF biomarkers. Results AD participants showed substantially elevated glucose, lactate, and ascorbate levels compared to older (and younger) controls. In addition, the precuneal glucose elevation discriminated well between AD participants and older controls. Myo-inositol correlated with CSF p-Tau181P, total Tau, and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) sum-of-boxes score within the AD group. Interpretation Higher glucose to creatine ratios in the AD brain likely reflect lower glucose utilization. Our findings reveal pronounced metabolic abnormalities in the AD brain and strongly suggest that brain glucose merits further investigation as a candidate AD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Mullins
- Laboratory of NeurosciencesIntramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH)BaltimoreMaryland
| | - David Reiter
- Laboratory of Clinical InvestigationNational Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program (NIA‐IRP)BaltimoreMaryland
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of NeurosciencesIntramural Research ProgramNational Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health (NIA/NIH)BaltimoreMaryland
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Zink A, Priller J, Prigione A. Pluripotent Stem Cells for Uncovering the Role of Mitochondria in Human Brain Function and Dysfunction. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:891-903. [PMID: 29458125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are a known pathogenetic mechanism of a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. At the same time, mutations in genes encoding for components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain cause mitochondrial diseases, which commonly exhibit neurological symptoms. Mitochondria are therefore critical for the functionality of the human nervous system. The importance of mitochondria stems from their key roles in cellular metabolism, calcium handling, redox and protein homeostasis, and overall cellular homeostasis through their dynamic network. Here, we describe how the use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) may help in addressing the physiological and pathological relevance of mitochondria for the human nervous system. PSCs allow the generation of patient-derived neurons and glia and the identification of gene-specific and mutation-specific cellular phenotypes via genome engineering approaches. We discuss the recent advances in PSC-based modeling of brain diseases and the current challenges of the field. We anticipate that the careful use of PSCs will improve our understanding of the impact of mitochondria in neurological and psychiatric disorders and the search for effective therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Zink
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany; UK Dementia Research Institute and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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Onyango IG. Modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:19-25. [PMID: 29451200 PMCID: PMC5840984 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.224362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved success in preclinical models addressing the pathological hallmarks of the disease, these efforts have not translated into any effective disease-modifying therapies. This could be because interventions are being tested too late in the disease process. While existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, they do not fully address the molecular abnormalities that occur in AD neurons. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress are antecedent and potentially play a causal role in the disease pathogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate from the combination of impaired mitophagy, which can also induce injurious inflammatory responses, and inadequate neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. Altering the metabolic capacity of the brain by modulating/potentiating its mitochondrial bioenergetics may be a strategy for disease prevention and treatment. We present insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain as well as an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to prevent, delay or reverse the neurodegenerative process by targeting mitochondria.
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Ito S, Ménard M, Atkinson T, Brown L, Whitfield J, Chakravarthy B. Relative expression of the p75 neurotrophin receptor, tyrosine receptor kinase A, and insulin receptor in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and hippocampi from Alzheimer's disease patients. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:22-29. [PMID: 27693452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells that the expressions of basal (75 kDa) and high molecular weight (HMW; 85 kDa) isoforms of the p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR) are stimulated by amyloid-β peptide1-42 oligomers (AβOs) via the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). On the other hand, it is known that AβOs inhibit insulin receptor (IR) signaling. The purpose of the present study was to determine the involvement of IR signaling in the regulation of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) protein isoform expression in cultured SH-SY5Y cells and in hippocampi from late-stage human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Interestingly, insulin induced the expression of basal and HMW p75NTR isoforms in SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting the presence of cross-talk between the IR and IGF-1R for the regulation of p75NTR expression. Reducing IR signaling with an IR kinase inhibitor (AG 1024) or IR-targeted siRNAs increased HMW p75NTR expression and reduced tyrosine receptor kinase-A (Trk-A) expression as well as postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) expression in SH-SY5Y cells. Both basal and HMW p75NTR isoforms were increased in the hippocampi of post-mortem late-stage human AD brains (relative to non-AD brains), and the protein expression of HMW p75NTR was negatively associated with Trk-A expression, PSD95 expression, and IR expression. Thus, increased p75NTR expression, specifically an increased p75NTR-to-Trk-A ratio, is likely to play a role in synaptic loss and neuronal cell death in late-stage AD. Collectively, these findings suggest that increased expression of the p75NTR due to IR signaling inhibition by AβOs might be involved in the pathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ito
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Michel Ménard
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Trevor Atkinson
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Leslie Brown
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - James Whitfield
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Balu Chakravarthy
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
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