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Kumar S, Pattanaik AK, Jadhav SE, Jangir BL. Lactobacillus johnsonii CPN23 vis-à-vis Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC15 Improves Gut Health, Intestinal Morphometry, and Histology in Weaned Wistar Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:474-489. [PMID: 36976517 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out with the aim to establish the comparative efficacy of a canine-sourced probiotic meant for canine feeding and a conventional dairy-sourced probiotic. For this purpose, canine-origin Lactobacillus johnsonii CPN23 and dairy-origin Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC15 were evaluated for potential probiotics health benefits in the rat model. Forty-eight weaned Wistar rats enrolled in this experiment of 8 weeks were fed a basal diet and divided into three dietary treatments. Rats of group I enrolled as control (CON) were given MRS placebo at 1 mL/head/day, while rats of group II (LAJ) and III (LAC) were administered with overnight MRS broth grown-culture of L. johnsonii CPN23 and L. acidophilus NCDC15, respectively, at 1 mL/head/day (108 cfu/mL). The average daily gain and net gain in body weight were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in LAJ and LAC than in CON. Fecal and digesta biochemical attributes altered (p < 0.05) positively in response to both probiotics. Total fecal and pooled digesta SCFAs were higher (p < 0.05) in both LAJ and LAC than in CON. The microbial population in cecal and colonic digesta responded (p < 0.05) positively to both probiotics. The diameter of intestinal segments was higher (p < 005) in LAJ as compared to CON. The number and height of villi in jejunum tended to be higher in LAJ as compared to CON. The humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes as well as chicken egg-white lysozyme was higher in LAJ as compared to CON. Overall, the results of the study have demonstrated the effectiveness of the canine-sourced L. johnsonii CPN23 as a potential probiotic, with a comparatively better response than the dairy-sourced L. acidophilus NCDC15. It could thus be recommended for use in feeding dogs to help augment their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Clinical and Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Pattanaik
- Clinical and Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
| | - Sunil Ekanath Jadhav
- Clinical and Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Babu Lal Jangir
- Clinical and Pet Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125 004, India
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Salem FM, El-Dayem AAA. The effectiveness of Bio-plus2B®, Techno Mos® and their mixture on the rate of egg production, egg characteristics, retention of nutrients and blood metabolites through the early period of production. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:56. [PMID: 38355523 PMCID: PMC10865680 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trend of using probiotic, prebiotic and their mixture as alternative feed additives which works as growth promoters in poultry diets to increase the productive performance and the immunity of the flock still have an importance consideration. So that the aim of this study is to estimate the impact of Bio-plus2B® (probiotic), Techno Mos® (prebiotic) or their mixture (synbiotic) on egg production, egg and shell quality, some blood metabolites and retention of nutrients between 28 and 40 weeks of age. The hens (ISA brown laying) were allocated randomly in 40 cages; 10 cages/treatment with two hens each. The treatments were the control (T1), T2 (Probiotic: 1 g Bio-plus2B® (Bacillus licheniformis plus Bacillus subtilis)/kg feed), T3 (Prebiotic: 1 g Techno Mos® (Mannanoligosaccarides (MOS) and 1,3 B-glucan) /kg feed) and T4 (Synbiotic: 1 g Bio-plus2B® plus 1 g Techno Mos®/ kg feed). RESULTS Hen-day egg production% and mass were significantly increased (P < 0.05) with T2 and T4 treatments. The experimental treatments recorded an increase in albumen index, Haugh unit (P < 0.01), shell thickness (P < 0.05), the retention of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF) and ether extract (EE) (P < 0.05), plasma globulin, albumin and total protein (P < 0.001) versus to the untreated group, while egg weight was not affected. Synbiotic treatment showed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in shell calcium content. T3 and T4 treatments were significantly decreased plasma cholesterol (P < 0.001) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (P < 0.05). Alanine transaminase (ALT) was significantly (P < 0.001) decreased and estradiol hormone was increased (P < 0.001) in the experimental groups versus to the control. CONCLUSIONS It concluded that adding probiotic and/or prebiotic in the early age laying hens diets had beneficial effects for productivity with improving the egg shell thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayza M Salem
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - A A Abd El-Dayem
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Ma H, Li Y, Han P, Zhang R, Yuan J, Sun Y, Li J, Chen J. Effects of Supplementing Drinking Water of Parental Pigeons with Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis on Antibody Levels and Microbiomes in Squabs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:178. [PMID: 38254347 PMCID: PMC10812638 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) are widely used as probiotics to improve performance in animal production, but there have been few reports of their impacts on pigeon milk. In this study, twenty-four pairs of parental pigeons were randomly divided into four groups, with six replicates, and each pair feeding three squabs. The control group drank normal water. The E. faecium group, B. subtilis group, and mixed group drank water supplemented with 3 × 106 CFU/mL E. faecium, 2 × 107 CFU/mL B. subtilis, and a mixture of these two probiotics, respectively. The experiment lasted 19 days. The results demonstrated that the IgA and IgG levels were significantly higher in the milk of Group D pigeons than in the other groups. At the phylum level, Fimicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the three main phyla identified. At the genus level, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Veillonella, and Enterococcus were the four main genera identified. In conclusion, drinking water supplemented with E. faecium and B. subtilis could improve immunoglobulin levels in pigeon milk, and this could increase the ability of squabs to resist disease. E. faecium and B. subtilis could be used as probiotics in the pigeon industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yunlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Pengmin Han
- Ningxia Xiaoming Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Limited Company, Yinchuan 750000, China;
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jingwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yanyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Jilan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (H.M.); (Y.L.); (R.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.S.)
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Wen K, Zhang K, Gao W, Bai S, Wang J, Song W, Zeng Q, Peng H, Lv L, Xuan Y, Li S, Xu M, Ding X. Effects of stevia extract on production performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and gut health of laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103188. [PMID: 37980742 PMCID: PMC10665936 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of stevia extract on production performance, serum immune indexes, intestinal structure, and cecum microbial structure. We randomly divided eight hundred 46-wk-old Roman hens into 5 groups, with 8 replicates in each group and 20 chickens in each replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, whereas the 4 experimental groups were fed 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg stevia extracts. The study period was 24 wk. The addition of different concentrations of the stevia extract to the diet resulted in significant secondary changes in the egg production rate at 1 to 12 wk (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the addition of 50 and 100 mg/kg stevia extract to the diet significantly increased serum IgM and IgG levels in laying hens (P < 0.05) but linearly decreased serum IL-1β levels (P < 0.05). Serum T-SOD activity linearly increased (P = 0.057); however, serum biochemical indexes showed no significant differences. Stevia extract tended to increase the ratio of the duodenal villi height to the depth of the crypt (P = 0.067), with no obvious lesions in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In addition, stevia extract increased the relative abundance of species at the phylum level, with the abundance of Bacteroides and Firmicutes exhibiting significant secondary changes (P < 0.05). The ACE and Chao1 indexes suggested that stevia extract addition significantly increased the alpha diversity of cecum microorganisms in laying hens. Furthermore, NMDS analysis based on operational taxonomic units revealed that stevia extract addition increased the beta diversity of cecum microorganisms in laying hens. Adding a certain amount of stevia extract to feed can improve the production performance, immune ability, and intestinal health of laying hens to some extent, and we recommend an effective level of 200mg/kg of stevia extract for laying hen diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimei Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Chenguang Biological Technology Group Co, Ltd., Handan 057250, China; Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan 057250, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weiguang Song
- Chenguang Biological Technology Group Co, Ltd., Handan 057250, China; Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan 057250, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huanwei Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Lv
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Meili Xu
- Chenguang Biological Technology Group Co, Ltd., Handan 057250, China; Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan 057250, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China.
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Hussain A, Akram S, Ahmad D, Rehman M, Ahmed A, Ali SA. Molecular Assessment and Validation of the Selected Enterococcal Strains as Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6. [PMID: 37731160 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used as probiotics since decades. Enterococci being the member of LAB have proven probiotic strains; therefore, this study was aimed at finding out the potential probiotic candidates from the pool of locally isolated strains. For initial screening, one hundred and twenty-two strains were selected and subjected to different confirmatory and phenotypic tests to choose the best strains that have potential probiotic criteria, i.e., no potential virulence traits, antibiotic resistance, and having tolerance properties. Keeping this criterion, only eleven strains (n = 11) were selected for further assessment. All virulence traits such as production of hemolysin, gelatinase, biofilm, and DNase were performed and not found in the tested strains. The molecular assessment indicates the presence of few virulence-associated genes in Enterococcus faecalis strains with variable frequency. The phenotypic and genotypic assessments of antibiotic resistance profile indicate that the selected strain was susceptible to ten commonly used antibiotics, and there were no transferrable antibiotic resistance genes. The presence of CRISPR-Cas genes also confirmed the absence of antibiotic resistance genes. Various enterocin-producing genes like EntP, EntB, EntA, and EntQ were also identified in the selected strains which make them promising probiotic lead strains. Different tolerance assays like acid, NaCl, and gastric juice tolerance that mimic host conditions was also evaluated by providing artificial conditions. Cellular adhesion and aggregation properties like auto- and co-aggregation were also checked and their results reflect all in the favor of lead probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Hussain
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saira Akram
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Diyar Ahmad
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Marium Rehman
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Liu X, Cao G, Qiu K, Dong Y, Hu C. Lactobacillus plantarum Decreased Ammonia Emissions through Modulating Cecal Microbiotain Broilers Challenged with Ammonia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2739. [PMID: 37685002 PMCID: PMC10487022 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplementation has become a prominent method of decreasing ammonia emissions in poultry production. The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of Lactobacillus plantarum on ammonia emission, immune responses, antioxidant capacity, cecal microflora and short chain fatty acids, and serum metabolites in broilers challenged with ammonia. A total of 360 1-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into three treatment groups: birds fed with a basal diet (CON), a basal diet supplemented with ammonia (AN), and a basal diet supplemented with 2.5 × 108 CFU L. plantarum kg-1 and challenged with ammonia (LP). Data showed that L. plantarum supplementation decreased ammonia more than 30% from day 48, and significantly reduced the levels of serum urea nitrogen and ammonia, fecal urease, and ammonium nitrogen compared with those on CON. Compared with AN and CON treatments, LP administration increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of serum immunoglobulin Y (IgY), IgM, and IL-10, as well as the serum total-antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and GSH-Px, and decreased (p < 0.05) IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, birds supplemented with LP had higher (p < 0.05) cecal contents of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) than AN birds and had more butyrate than CON birds. Data from 16s high throughput sequencing showed that LP supplementation significantly increased (p < 0.05) the Shannon and Simpson indices of bird cecal microflora, and Alloprevotella dominated the LP birds. The function prediction of cecal microflora indicated that LP treatment significantly increased alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, exosome, mismatch repair, homologous recombination, DNA repair and recombination proteins, and amino acid-related enzymes. The serum metabolome showed that LP supplementation significantly changed the aminoacyl-tRNA, pantothenate and acetyl-coenzyme A, arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; purine, beta-alanine, galactose, histidine, alanine, aspartate and glutamate, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate, pyruvate and thiamine metabolism, melanogenesis, and citrate cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China;
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (G.C.); (K.Q.); (Y.D.)
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaifan Qiu
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (G.C.); (K.Q.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yingkun Dong
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (G.C.); (K.Q.); (Y.D.)
| | - Caihong Hu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Li K, Pang S, Li Z, Ding X, Gan Y, Gan Q, Fang S. House ammonia exposure causes alterations in microbiota, transcriptome, and metabolome of rabbits. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125195. [PMID: 37250049 PMCID: PMC10213413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pollutant gas emissions in the current production system of the livestock industry have negative influences on environment as well as the health of farm staffs and animals. Although ammonia (NH3) is considered as the primary and harmful gas pollutant in the rabbit farm, less investigation has performed to determine the toxic effects of house ammonia exposure on rabbit in the commercial confined barn. Methods In this study, we performed multi-omics analysis on rabbits exposed to high and low concentration of house ammonia under similar environmental conditions to unravel the alterations in nasal and colonic microbiota, pulmonary and colonic gene expression, and muscular metabolic profile. Results and discussion The results showed that house ammonia exposure notably affected microbial structure, composition, and functional capacity in both nasal and colon, which may impact on local immune responses and inflammatory processes. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes related to cell death (MCL1, TMBIM6, HSPB1, and CD74) and immune response (CDC42, LAMTOR5, VAMP8, and CTSB) were differentially expressed in the lung, and colonic genes associated with redox state (CAT, SELENBP1, GLUD1, and ALDH1A1) were significantly up-regulated. Several key differentially abundant metabolites such as L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-ornithine, oxoglutaric acid, and isocitric acid were identified in muscle metabolome, which could denote house ammonia exposure perturbed amino acids, nucleotides, and energy metabolism. In addition, the widespread and strong inter-system interplay were uncovered in the integrative correlation network, and central features were confirmed by in vitro experiments. Our findings disclose the comprehensive evidence for the deleterious effects of house ammonia exposure on rabbit and provide valuable information for understanding the underlying impairment mechanisms.
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Xu H, Lu Y, Li D, Yan C, Jiang Y, Hu Z, Zhang Z, Du R, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Zhu Q, Liu Y, Wang Y. Probiotic mediated intestinal microbiota and improved performance, egg quality and ovarian immune function of laying hens at different laying stage. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1041072. [PMID: 36760506 PMCID: PMC9902371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1041072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, serum hormone levels, immunity, antioxidant, and gut microbiota of layers at different laying stages, a total of 168 Tianfu green shell laying hens (28-day-old) were randomly divided into 2 treatments: a non-supplemented control diet (NC), and diet supplemented with 10 g/kg of probiotics, respectively. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 14 hens per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 54 weeks. The results showed that the supplementation of probiotics significantly increased the average egg weight, improved egg quality (p < 0.05) and ovarian development. Meanwhile, probiotics increased the serum hormone levels of E2 and FSH, and antioxidant indices T-AOC and T-SOD (p < 0.05) of laying hens at different laying stages (p < 0.05), decreased the expression of proinflammatory factors including IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). Furthermore, using 16S rRNA sequencing, we observed that the addition of probiotics increased the distribution of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Synergistota at early laying period. Meanwhile, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota and Deferribacterota showed an increasing trend at the peak of egg production. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Desulfobacterota and Actinobacteriota were significantly increased at the late laying period. Moreover, PICRUSt2 and BugBase analysis revealed that at the late laying period, the probiotics supplementation not only enriched many significant gene clusters of the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketide, genetic information processing, enzyme families, translation, transcription, replication and repair, and nucleotide metabolism, but also decreased the proportion of potential pathogenic bacteria. To sum up, these data show that the addition of probiotics not only improves the performance, egg quality, ovarian development and immune function of laying hens at different laying period, but also improves the gut microbiota of layers, thus enhances production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoyang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuru Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ranran Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology (Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Yan Wang,
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Zhang H, Li M, Zhang K, Ding X, Bai S, Zeng Q, Chu L, Hou D, Xuan Y, Yin H, Wang J. Effect of benzoic acid, Enterococcus faecium, and essential oil complex on intestinal microbiota of laying hens under coccidia and Clostridium perfringens challenge. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102490. [PMID: 36736140 PMCID: PMC9898449 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with benzoic acid, Enterococcus faecium, and essential oil complex (BEC) could help laying hens recover from coccidia and Clostridium perfringens type A challenge. A total of 60 (35-wk-old) Lohmann-laying hens were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups (10 replicates with 2 hens per replicate): I) control group (CON), II) challenge group (CC), and III) BEC group (2,000 mg/kg BEC). The total experimental period was 8 wk. The results shown that the challenge layers had lower egg-laying rate and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05), and addition of BEC after challenge increased egg-laying rate (P < 0.05). The content of propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA) in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was significantly decreased by challenge (P < 0.05). CC and BEC groups had lower villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) and higher pathological scores in duodenum (P < 0.05), whereas the BEC group had lower pathological scores in jejunum when compared with the CC group (P < 0.05). The challenge increased the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) (P < 0.05). An increase in the abundance of Bacteroidoes (genus), Bacteroidaceae (family), Bacteroidoes sp. Marseille P3166 (species), Bacteroidoes caecicola (species) was observed in the CC group, whereas the BEC group had higher abundance of Bacteroides caecigallinarum (species). The genera Faecalibacterium and Asterolplasma were positively correlated with egg-laying rate (r = 0.57, 0.60; P < 0.01); and the genera Bacteroides and Romboutsia were negatively correlated with egg-laying rate (r = -0.58, -0.74; P < 0.01). The genera Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Rombutzia were positively correlated with jejunal mucosa proinflammatory factor IL-1β level (r = 0.61, 0.60, 0.59; P < 0.01), which were negatively correlated with genera Rikenbacteriaceae RC9, Faecalibacterium, and Olsenlla (r = -0.56, -0.57, -0.61; P < 0.01). There genera UCG.005 was positively correlated with proinflammatory factor IL-6 level in jejunal mucosa (r = 0.58; P < 0.01), which was negatively correlated with Rikenbacteriaceae RC9 (r = -0.62; P < 0.01). The experiment results revealed that the addition of BEC to the diet restored the production performance of the laying hens. In addition, supplementation of 2,000 mg/kg BEC modulated gut health by reducing gut damage scores and modulating microbial composition, thereby promoting recovery of laying hens after coccidia and Clostridium perfringens challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Licui Chu
- DSM (China), Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Danxi Hou
- DSM (China), Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China,Corresponding author:
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Shao Y, Zhen W, Guo F, Hu Z, Zhang K, Kong L, Guo Y, Wang Z. Pretreatment with probiotics Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium-induced gut injury through modulating intestinal microbiome and immune responses with barrier function in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:130. [PMID: 36221113 PMCID: PMC9555120 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventing Salmonella infection and colonization in young birds is key to improving poultry gut health and reducing Salmonella contamination of poultry products and decreasing salmonellosis for human consumption (poultry meat and eggs). Probiotics can improve poultry health. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of a probiotics, Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 (E. faecium NCIMB 11181) on the intestinal mucosal immune responses, microbiome and barrier function in the presence or absence of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium, ST) infection. Methods Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Salmonella-free male broiler chickens (Arbor Acres AA+) were randomly allocated to four groups with 6 replicate cages of 10 birds each. The four experimental groups were follows: (1) negative control (NC), (2) S. Typhimurium, challenged positive control (PC), (3) the E. faecium NCIMB 11181-treated group (EF), (4) the E. faecium NCIMB 11181-treated and S. Typhimurium-challenged group (PEF). Results Results indicated that, although continuous feeding E. faecium NCIMB 11181 did not obviously alleviate growth depression caused by S. Typhimurium challenge (P > 0.05), E. faecium NCIMB 11181 addition significantly blocked Salmonella intestinal colonization and translocation (P < 0.05). Moreover, supplemental E. faecium NCIMB 11181 to the infected chickens remarkably attenuated gut morphological structure damage and intestinal cell apoptosis induced by S. Typhimurium infection, as evidenced by increasing gut villous height and reducing intestinal TUNEL-positive cell numbers (P < 0.05). Also, E. faecium NCIMB 11181 administration notably promoting the production of anti-Salmonella antibodies in intestinal mucosa and serum of the infected birds (P < 0.05). Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that E. faecium NCIMB 11181 supplementation ameliorated S. Typhimurium infection-induced gut microbial dysbiosis by enriching Lachnospiracease and Alistipes levels, and suppressing Barnesiella abundance. Predicted function analysis indicated that the functional genes of cecal microbiome involved in C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; glycerolipid metabolism and lysine biosynthesis were enriched in the infected chickens given E. faecium NCIMB 11181. While alanine, asparate and glutamate metabolism; MAPK signal pathway-yeast; ubiquine and other terpenoid-quinore biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum; as well as glutathione metabolism were suppressed by E. faecium NCIMB 11181 addition. Conclusion Collectively, our data suggested that dietary E. faecium NCIBM 11181 supplementation could ameliorate S. Typhimurium infection-induced gut injury in broiler chickens. Our findings also suggest that E. faecium NCIMB 11181 may serve as an effective non-antibiotic feed additive for improving gut health and controlling Salmonella infection in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Shao
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Province of Henan, Luoyang, China
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichen Zhang
- Tengzhou Heyi Food Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Linhua Kong
- Tengzhou Heyi Food Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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11
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He Z, Zhang Y, Liu X, Xu W, Hou Y, Wang H, Zhang F. Ammonia mitigation potential in an optimized crop-layer production system. Sci Total Environ 2022; 841:156701. [PMID: 35716757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Livestock and crop production are the main sources of ammonia (NH3) emissions, which are known to degrade the air quality. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the mitigation potential of various approaches, although few have examined the systematic NH3 emission mitigation potential when considering both crop and livestock systems based on coherent in situ measurement results. Herein, we design an optimal system wherein coupled crop and layer production systems reveal feasible approaches for significant mitigation potential at each stage of the process. Specifically, these measures involve (i) using a low crude protein (LCP) feed, (ii) composting manure with certain additives, and (iii) substituting manure with optimal fertilization in a summer maize-winter wheat cropping system. The results show that (i) LCP feed leads to a 14 % reduction in NH3 emissions at the housing stage, (ii) introducing additives during the composing stage reduces NH3 emissions by 16 %-46 %, and (iii) the NH3 reduction potential reaches 35 %-44 % at the field application stage. In the overall crop-layer system, the optimal system with the improved management strategy applied at every stage results in a 48 % and 56 % reduction in NH3 emissions for per unit eggs and grain production, respectively, relative to a traditional production system. This study confirms that NH3 emissions can be cut in half by implementing optimal crop-livestock systems with appropriate mitigation approaches. This is a feasible model that can be promoted and extended in various agricultural areas, which together with technological, policy, and economic support can enable significant mitigation potential for sustainable agriculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong He
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Hou
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Ndotono EW, Khamis FM, Bargul JL, Tanga CM. Insights into the Gut Microbial Communities of Broiler Chicken Fed Black Soldier Fly Larvae-Desmodium-Based Meal as a Dietary Protein Source. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071351. [PMID: 35889070 PMCID: PMC9319420 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of insect-based diets to improve gastrointestinal function and gut health in poultry is gaining global attention as a promising feed additive. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal inclusion level of the full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and Desmodium intortum (DI) in broiler chicken diets and to evaluate their impact on the microbial community in the gut. The bacterial communities were characterized using Oxford nanopore sequencing of the full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Four dietary treatments, T1 (25% DI + 75% BSFL), T2 (50% DI + 50% BSFL), T3 (75% DI + 25% BSFL) and T4 (100% fishmeal + 0% DI + BSFL), were fed to the broiler chickens for a period of 42 days. Out of the 395,034 classified reads analyzed, the most predominant phyla identified across all the four dietary treatments were Firmicutes (94%), Bacteroidetes (3%), and Proteobacteria (2%). The T1 diet showed the highest alpha diversity and richness according to the Chao1 and Shannon indices. Beta diversity assessment revealed a significant influence of diet on the abundance of the microbiome. There was an increase in beneficial lactic acid bacteria with increasing inclusion of BSFL in the diets. Our findings strongly support the inclusion of BSFL into poultry diet as a promising protein source to reshape the gut microbiota for improved gut health, immune response, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evalyne W. Ndotono
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Fathiya M. Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +254-7-1372-6325
| | - Joel L. Bargul
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kiambu P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya; (E.W.N.); (J.L.B.); (C.M.T.)
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13
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Huang S, Rong X, Liu M, Liang Z, Geng Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Ji C, Zhao L, Ma Q. Intestinal Mucosal Immunity-Mediated Modulation of the Gut Microbiome by Oral Delivery of Enterococcus faecium Against Salmonella Enteritidis Pathogenesis in a Laying Hen Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:853954. [PMID: 35371085 PMCID: PMC8967290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.853954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is a protective role that has crucial beneficial functions on intestinal homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of E. faecium on the laying performance, egg quality, host metabolism, intestinal mucosal immunity, and gut microbiota of laying hens under the Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) challenge. A total of 400 45-week-old laying hens were randomly divided into four treatments (CON, EF, SCON, and SEF groups) with five replicates for each group and 20 hens per replicate and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with E. faecium (2.5 × 108 cfu/g feed). The experiment comprised two phases, consisting of the pre-salmonella challenged phase (from day 14 to day 21) and the post-salmonella challenged phase (from day 21 to day 42). At day 21 and day 22, the hens in SCON and SEF groups were orally challenged with 1.0 ml suspension of 109 cfu/ml S. Enteritidis (CVCC3377) daily, whereas the hens in CON and EF groups received the same volume of sterile PBS. Herein, our results showed that E. faecium administration significantly improved egg production and shell thickness during salmonella infection. Also, E. faecium affected host lipid metabolism parameters via downregulating the concentration of serum triglycerides, inhibited oxidative stress, and enhanced immune functions by downregulating the level of serum malondialdehyde and upregulating the level of serum immunoglobulin G. Of note, E. faecium supplementation dramatically alleviated intestinal villi structure injury and crypt atrophy, and improved intestinal mucosal barrier injuries caused by S. Enteritidis challenge. Moreover, our data revealed that E. faecium supplementation ameliorated S. Enteritidis infection-induced gut microbial dysbiosis by altering the gut microbial composition (reducing Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, Synergistes, and Sutterella, and increasing Barnesiella, Butyricimonas, Bilophila, and Candidatus_Soleaferrea), and modulating the gut microbial function, such as cysteine and methionine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, salmonella infection, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, E. faecium has a strong capacity to inhibit the S. Enteritidis colonization of hens. The results highlight the potential of E. faecium supplementation as a dietary supplement to combat S. Enteritidis infection in animal production and to promote food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zou XY, Zhang M, Tu WJ, Zhang Q, Jin ML, Fang RD, Jiang S. Bacillus subtilis inhibits intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating gut flora and related metabolites in laying hens. Animal 2022; 16:100474. [PMID: 35220172 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is one of the most popular commercial probiotics used in farm animal production. However, its potential mechanisms are not very clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on intestinal histomorphology, innate immunity, microbiota composition, transcriptomics, and related metabolomics. Twenty-four 48-week-old Lohman Pink-shell laying hens were randomly divided into two groups: a basic diet and the basic diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis (0.5 g/kg) for a 9-week experiment. At the end of the experiment, tissues of the duodenum, ileum, and jejunum as well as cecal content of each bird were collected for microstructure, PCR, transcriptome, metabolome, and 16S rRNA analyses. The results showed that dietary Bacillus subtilis supplement had no effect on the intestinal microstructure. However, Bacillus subtilis increased mRNA expression of tight junction protein occludin (P < 0.05), while reduced mRNA expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor (P < 0.01) in the duodenum. Moreover, transcriptomic results indicated that most of Bacillus subtilis supplement-induced differential genes were associated with inflammation and immunity, including cytochrome b-245 beta chain, transferrin, and purinergic receptor P2X 7, resulting in a decrease in Malondialdehyde level (P < 0.05) in the duodenum. In addition, at the genus level, Bacillus subtilis supplement enriched the potential beneficial bacteria, Candidatus_Soleaferrea (P = 0.02) but inhibited the harmful bacteria including Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, Ruminiclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, and Oxalobacter. Metabolomic results revealed that N-Acetylneuraminic acid and ADP were increased by fed Bacillus subtilis. These results suggest that dietary Bacillus subtilis could inhibit gut inflammation and improve antioxidative status and barrier integrity of the duodenum via regulating gut microbial composition in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Zou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - M Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - W J Tu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Q Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - M L Jin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - R D Fang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - S Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, PR China.
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15
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Siddique A, Azim S, Ali A, Adnan F, Arif M, Imran M, Ganda E, Rahman A. Lactobacillus reuteri and Enterococcus faecium from Poultry Gut Reduce Mucin Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3435. [PMID: 34944212 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) can cause infection in poultry, livestock, and humans. Although the use of antimicrobials as feed additives is prohibited, the previous indiscriminate use and poor regulatory oversight in some parts of the world have resulted in increased bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, including cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, which are among the limited treatment options available against NTS. This study aimed to isolate potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from the poultry gut to inhibit fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistant MDR Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. The safety profile of the LAB isolates was evaluated for the hemolytic activity, DNase activity, and antibiotic resistance. Based on the safety results, three possible probiotic LAB candidates for in vitro Salmonella control were chosen. Candidate LAB isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Lactobacillus reuteri PFS4, Enterococcus faecium PFS13, and Enterococcus faecium PFS14. These strains demonstrated a good tolerance to gastrointestinal-related stresses, including gastric acid, bile, lysozyme, and phenol. In addition, the isolates that were able to auto aggregate had the ability to co-aggregate with MDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Furthermore, LAB strains competitively reduced the adhesion of pathogens to porcine mucin Type III in co-culture studies. The probiotic combination of the selected LAB isolates inhibited the biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium FML15 and S. Enteritidis FML18 by 90% and 92%, respectively. In addition, the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the LAB culture significantly reduced the growth of Salmonella in vitro. Thus, L. reuteri PFS4, E. faecium PFS13, and E. faecium PFS 14 are potential probiotics that could be used to control MDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in poultry. Future investigations are required to elucidate the in vivo potential of these probiotic candidates as Salmonella control agents in poultry and animal feed.
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Ahmat M, Cheng J, Abbas Z, Cheng Q, Fan Z, Ahmad B, Hou M, Osman G, Guo H, Wang J, Zhang R. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112 on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Immune, and Serum Biochemical Response in Broiler Chickens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1427. [PMID: 34827365 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112 on the growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 396 1 day old, mixed-sex commercial Ross 308 broilers with similar body weights were allotted into six treatment groups. The assigned groups were the CON group (basal diet with no supplement), AB (antibiotics) group (basal diet + 150 mg of aureomycin/kg), C+M group (basal diet + 5 × 108 CFU/kg B. amyloliquefaciens LFB112 powder with vegetative cells + metabolites), C group (basal diet + 5 × 108 CFU/kg B. amyloliquefaciens LFB112 vegetative cell powder with removed metabolites), M group (basal diet + 5 × 108 CFU/kg B. amyloliquefaciens LFB112 metabolite powder with removed vegetative cells), and CICC group (basal diet + 5 × 108 CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis CICC 20179). Results indicated that chickens in the C+M, C, and M groups had higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.02) compared to the CON group. The C+M group showed the lowest abdominal fat rate compared to those in the CON, AB, and CICC groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the CON group, serum IgA and IgG levels in the C+M, C, and M groups significantly increased while declining in the AB group (p < 0.05). B. amyloliquefaciens LFB112 supplementation significantly reduced the serum triglyceride, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine levels, while increasing the serum glucose and total protein (p < 0.05). In conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens LFB112 significantly improved the growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, and blood chemical indices of broiler chickens and may be used as an efficient broiler feed supplement.
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Wan Z, Sun N, Luo M, Gan B, Yao Z, Cao X, Wang H, Pan K, Shu G, Zeng Y, Zeng D, Ni X. Promotion of Egg Production Rate and Quality Using Limosilactobacillus oris BSLO 1801, a Potential Probiotic Screened from Feces of Laying Hens with Higher Egg Productive Performance. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 15:535-547. [PMID: 34697775 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this experiment, laying hens were divided into a high productive group (group H) and a low productive group (group L). The purpose of this experiment was to screen and isolate a potential probiotic associated with the laying rate from group H by comparing the results via 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The high-throughput sequencing analysis results showed that there were some differences in the composition of the gut microbiome between groups H and L on the Phylum and Genus levels. Through isolation and identification, we screened 16 lactobacilli strains. Among the 16 strains, S5 showed good acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, and cholesterol degradation. Therefore, we chose strain S5 (identified as Limosilactobacillus oris, named Limosilactobacillus oris BSLO 1801) as a potential probiotic to promote the productivity of ordinary laying hens. During the animal experiment, 288 Hy-line white hens (30 weeks old) were divided into four groups, with six replications (n = 12) per group. The control group received the basic diet, and the treatment groups received the same basic diet supplemented with 107 CFU/kg, 108 CFU/kg, and 109 CFU/kg of BSLO 1801. The laying hens were acclimated to the environment for 1 week before the initiation of the experiment. Dietary supplementation with 107 CFU/kg and 109 CFU/kg of BSLO 1801 increased the laying rate significantly, and the potential probiotic improved the egg weight in all treatment groups. Additionally, the cholesterol content of the yolk dropped significantly in the 109 CFU/kg group, and the weight of egg yolk was significantly increased in all treatment groups. However, no significant differences in eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, protein height, and Haugh unit were observed among the four groups. These results revealed that lactobacilli spp. are important bacteria of the intestinal microbiome in highly productive laying hens, and BSLO 1801 was isolated as a potential probiotic. Through these animal experiments, we also found that adding BSLO 1801 to the basic diet of laying hens could effectively improve the laying rate, average egg weight, and yolk weight and reduce the cholesterol content in egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoxing Gan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Yao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Zou X, Jiang S, Zhang M, Hu H, Wu X, Liu J, Jin M, Cheng H. Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Production Performance, Bone Physiological Property, and Hematology Indexes in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2041. [PMID: 34359169 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to breeding for high egg production, laying hens are at great risk for developing osteoporosis. To develop an effective feed additive for reducing the bone damage and associated pain and economic loss has become a critical issue affecting the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtills as a feed supplement on production performance and bone pathophysiological characteristics of laying hens. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis increases marketable eggs, protects bone health, changes the distribution of phosphorus between blood and bone, and increases estrogen but decreases interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations in blood. Results indicate that Bacillus subtilis can be used as a dietary supplement to increase marketable egg production and bone health of laying hens by inhibiting gut and systemic inflammation via the microbiota-gut-immune and the microbiota-gut-bone axes. Abstract This study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on production performance and bone pathophysiological characteristics of layers. Twenty-four 48-week-old Lohmann Pink-shell laying hens were randomly divided into two groups: a basic diet (control) and the basic diet mixed with Bacillus subtilis (0.5 g/kg) for a 60-day trial. Statistically, independent-sample t-test was used to assess the treatment differences. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis supplementation improved the percent of marketable eggs (p < 0.05) with reduced numbers of broken and soft-shelled eggs but had no effects on egg weight, height of albumen, yolk color, and Haugh unit (p > 0.05). Bacillus subtilis supplement also elevated maximum load (p = 0.06), maximum stress (p = 0.01), stiffness (p < 0.01), and Young’s modulus (p < 0.01) but suppressed maximum strain (p = 0.06) in the femur. In addition, compared with control birds, phosphorous concentration (p < 0.01) was reduced in serum at day 61 but increased in the femur (p < 0.05) in Bacillus subtilis fed birds. Bacillus subtilis fed birds also had lower magnesium concentrations in both femur (p = 0.04) and feces (p = 0.09). Furthermore, Bacillus subtilis increased plasma estrogen concentration (p = 0.01) and femur TNF receptor superfamily member 11b (OPG) expression (p < 0.05) but reduced plasma IL-1 (p < 0.01) and TNF-α (p < 0.01) concentrations. These results indicate that Bacillus subtilis could be used as a health promotor to reduce overproduction-induced inflammation and associated bone damage and to increase marketable egg production. The data provide evidence for developing a management strategy to use Bacillus subtilis as a feed additive to improve marketable egg production and health and welfare status of laying hens.
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Abstract
The use of probiotics in poultry production has increased rapidly, and this movement has been promoted by global events, such as the prohibition or decline in the use of antibiotic growth promotants in poultry feeds. There has been a persistent search for alternative feed additives, and probiotics have shown that they can restore the composition of the gut microbiota, and produce health benefits to the host, including improvements in performance. Probiotics have shown potential to increase productivity in poultry, especially in flocks challenged by stressors. However, the outcomes of probiotic use have not always been consistent. There is an increasing demand for well defined products that can be applied strategically, and currently, probiotic research is focusing on delineating their mechanisms of action in the gut that contribute to an improved efficacy. In particular, mechanisms involved in the maintenance and protection of intestinal barrier integrity and the role of the gut microbiota are being extensively investigated. It has been shown that probiotics modulate intestinal immune pathways both directly and through interactions with the gut microbiota. These interactions are key to maintaining gut homeostasis and function, and improving feed efficiency. Research has demonstrated that probiotics execute their effects through multiple mechanisms. The present review describes recent advances in probiotic use in poultry. It focuses on the current understanding of gut homeostasis and gut health in chickens, and how it can be assessed and improved through supplementation of poultry diets with probiotics in poultry diets. In particular, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance and protection of gut barrier structure and function are described. It also highlights important factors that influence probiotic efficacy and bird performance.
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Cheng S, Chen M, Gao M, Qiu T, Tian S, Li S, Wang X. Effects of Enterococcus faecalis administration on the community structure of airborne bacteria in weanling piglet and layer hen houses. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2021; 67:162-169. [PMID: 34120995 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been shown to improve microbial compositions in animal intestine and feces, but the effects of probiotic administration on airborne microbial composition in animal houses remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary Enterococcus faecalis on the bacterial community structure in the air of piglet and layer hen houses. Indoor air and feces from piglet and layer hen houses were sampled after supplementing E. faecalis in feed for 60 days, and bacterial community structures were analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Results showed that Chao1, ACE, Shannon, and Simpson indices of bacterial diversity did not significantly change in feces or indoor air of piglet or layer hen after supplementation with E. faecalis (P > 0.05). However, E. faecalis administration resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05). In addition, E. faecalis significantly reduced the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter, Escherichia, and Shigella (P < 0.05), and beneficial bacterial genus such as Lactobacillus was significantly enriched in both feces and indoor air (P < 0.05). These changes should be of benefit to livestock, farm workers, and the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoutao Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
| | - Mo Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
| | - Min Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
| | - Tianlei Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
| | - Shulei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University
| | - Xuming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
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Naseem S, Willits N, King AJ. Varying combinations of Lactobacillus species: impact on laying hens' performance, nitrogenous compounds in manure, serum profile, and uric acid in the liver. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab018. [PMID: 33997653 PMCID: PMC8112121 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various combinations of Lactobacillus species (L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei, and L. plantarum) on closely associated variables of production of laying hens, nitrogenous compounds in manure, the serum concentration of specific chemicals, and liver uric acid (UA) concentrations at peak lay. White Leghorns W-36 (32-week-old) were randomly assigned to five treatments for 8 weeks. Treatments were T1, the Control, a commercial feed; T2, the Control + L. paracasei + L. plantarum; T3, the Control + L. paracasei + L. rhamnosus; T4, the Control + L. plantarum + L. rhamnosus and T5, the Control + L. paracasei + L. plantarum + L. rhamnosus. Each bacterial species was included at 3.33 × 1011cfu/kg feed for a total of 6.66 x 1011 cfu/kg feed for T2–T4 and a total of 1.0 × 1012 cfu/kg feed for T5. Major effects among combinations of probiotics on production were not noted. The interaction of Probiotics by Week (Probiotics*Time) affected feed intake (P = 0.0007) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, P = 0.0049) due to fluctuation by week. Significant effects of time were also recorded for a gradual increase in body weight (BW, P = 0.0007); lowest and greatest feed intake at weeks 2 and 7, respectively (P < 0.0001); an increase in egg production (P = 0.0007) and maximum FCR at week 7 (P < 0.0001). Ammonia (NH3) concentration, ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total nitrogen remained unaffected at P < 0.05. Although there were fluctuations, a trend emerged for the reduction of TKN. Combinations of probiotics did not affect NH3, UA, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), creatine kinase (CK), and UA in the liver. Temporal (Time as a fixed effect) effects were noted for all nitrogenous compounds present in manure. For ammonia, temporal effects were significant due to fluctuation over time. Week 0 had the lowest value followed by weeks 4 and 8. Week 6 had the greatest value. For ammonium nitrogen, week 8 had the lowest value followed by week 0 and 4 with the next highest value. Week 6 had the greatest value. For TKN, week 4 had the lowest value followed by weeks 6 and 8. Week 0 had the greatest value. For TN, weeks 4, 6, and 8 had similar and lowest values followed by week 0 having the greatest value. However, an overall reduction in NH4-N, TKN, and TN was noted. Fluctuations in NH3 (P = 0.0033) and CK (P = 0.0085) were noted for Time. There was also a trend (P = 0.0706) for the increase of UA in serum. Two or more species of probiotics with yeast should be investigated. If the combination is applicable for increasing production measurements and reducing nitrogenous and serum compounds, the most appropriate time to feed the probiotics from day 1 to the end of production should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Naseem
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Neil Willits
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Annie J King
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Abdel-Wareth AAA, Lohakare J. Moringa oleifera Leaves as Eco-Friendly Feed Additive in Diets of Hy-Line Brown Hens during the Late Laying Period. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041116. [PMID: 33924633 PMCID: PMC8069185 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It is of the utmost importance to explore the merit of a new phytogenic feed additive for sustainable egg production in laying chickens during the late laying period. Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of the addition of Moringa oleifera leaves to laying hen diets on laying performance, egg quality, excreta ammonia concentrations and blood biochemical parameters. The findings showed that the egg production, weight and mass and eggshell quality of laying hens fed with Moringa oleifera leaves during the late laying period were significantly improved in comparison with those of the hens in the control group. Moringa oleifera leaves supplementation decreased excreta ammonia concentration and serum cholesterol and triglycerides as well as serum liver enzymes, uric acid, and creatinine levels compared to those of the control group. Abstract This study investigated the dietary effects of Moringa oleifera leaves supplementation on egg quality, laying performance, excreta ammonia concentrations and serum biochemistry of laying chickens during the late laying period. A total of 240 64-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens were assigned to four treatment diets including Moringa oleifera leaves at 0, 3, 6 or 9 g/kg, respectively, for eight weeks. The treatments had twelve replicates with five hens each. The results revealed that incremental dietary Moringa oleifera leaves significantly increased (p < 0.01) egg weight, production, and mass through 64–68, 68–72 and 64–72 weeks of age. Simultaneously, feed conversion ratio was significantly improved (p < 0.01) with Moringa oleifera leaves supplementation compared with the control. Haugh units and the thickness of eggshells significantly improved as a response to diets supplemented with 3, 6 and 9 g/kg Moringa oleifera leaves at 72 weeks of age. Interestingly, excreta ammonia concentrations, serum cholesterol, aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase significantly decreased by Moringa oleifera leaves supplementation compared with the control group. In conclusion, introducing Moringa oleifera leaves supplementation at 3, 6 and 9 g/kg increased egg production, eggshell quality, Haugh units, and decreased serum cholesterol, triglycerides, excreta ammonia concentrations besides serum liver enzymes, uric acid and creatinine. Overall, based on the observed results, Moringa oleifera leaves supplementation was very promising and these leaves could be used as an effective feed additive in laying hens’ diet during the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; or
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Department of Agriculture-Animal Science option, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-870-575-8540; Fax: +1-870-575-4629
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Sjofjan O, Adli D, Sholikin M, Jayanegara A, Irawan A. The effects of probiotics on the performance, egg quality and blood parameters of laying hens: A meta-analysis. J Anim Feed Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/133432/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Şahan Z, Kutay H, Çeli̇k L. Influence of Effective Microorganism Supplementation to the Drinking Water on Performance and Some Blood Parameters of Laying Hens Exposed to A High Ambient Temperature. Braz J Poult Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Ramlucken U, Lalloo R, Roets Y, Moonsamy G, van Rensburg CJ, Thantsha M. Advantages of Bacillus-based probiotics in poultry production. Livest Sci 2020; 241:104215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Lin X, Gou Z, Fan Q, Ye J, Jiang S. Potential Effects of Acidifier and Amylase as Substitutes for Antibiotic on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion and Gut Microbiota in Yellow-Feathered Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1858. [PMID: 33053884 PMCID: PMC7600580 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of acidifier (benzoic acid, BA), amylase (AL) and their combination as substitutes for antibiotics on growth performance, antioxidation, nutrient digestion and gut microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 1440 twenty-one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to six treatments. Broilers in the control group (CON) were fed a basal diet, whereas birds in the other five groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (zinc bacitracin, AT, 40 mg/kg), BA (2000 mg/kg), low level AL (AL-L, 300 mg/kg), high level AL (AL-H, 500 mg/kg) and the combination of AL-H and BA (BA+AL-H). The experimental animals were killed at the end of the trial (21 day-63 day) then blood samples were collected from two birds per pen. Bird weight, feed intake and survival rate were recorded on pen basis. Growth performance was not significantly influenced by AT, BA, AL-L, AL-H or BA+AL-H. Plasma uric acid (UA) was decreased from CON by all treatments; the activity of AKP in plasma was also lowered by AT, BA, AL-H and BA+AL-H. Plasma activity of LDH was reduced by BA. In the jejunal mucosa, Na+K+-ATP activity was increased by BA, AL-L, AL-H and BA+AL-H. Mucosal activities of T-AOC and CAT were increased with AL-L and AT supplementation, respectively. Additionally, the relative abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the cecal contents was reduced by BA+AL-H and, with the exception of AL-H, all treatments increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. In conclusion, dietary AT, BA, AL-L, AL-H or BA+AL were effective in improving the antioxidant capacity, nutrient digestion and gut microbiota composition. No significant differences were observed in the tested variables between AT and other treatments, indicating that BA, AL and their combination may be alternatives to dietary inclusion of zinc bacitracin. Dietary addition of 500 mg/kg AL and 2000 mg/kg BA was an optimum supplementation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Xiajing Lin
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhongyong Gou
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Qiuli Fan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinling Ye
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Z.G.); (Q.F.); (J.Y.)
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Nguyen DH, Kim IH. Influence of Enterococcus faecium with and without xylanase to corn and soybean meal-based diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and faecal microflora in growing pigs. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1828892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Hai Nguyen
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Naseem S, King A. Effect of Lactobacilli on production and selected compounds in blood, the liver, and manure of laying hens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020; 29:339-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Naseem S, Willits N, King AJ. Production, nitrogenous compounds in manure and serum chemistry of laying hens provided multi-species (Lactobacillus spp.) probiotics. Anim Prod Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
A practical, low-cost suggestion for industry to reduce ammonia (NH3) in layer houses is use of Lactobacillus species (L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei and L. plantarum) in drinking water or feed. Thus, we investigated their short-term (8 weeks) use in young layers.
Aim
A combination of species of Lactobacillus (L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei and L. plantarum at 1.0 × 1012 CFU/kg feed) was provided for laying hens in order to investigate effects on production, nitrogenous compounds in manure, serum chemistry and uric acid in the liver.
Method
Ninety-six White Leghorns (32 weeks old) were randomly assigned to a control diet (commercial feed) or a diet containing commercial feed + probiotics (g/kg feed: L. rhamnosus 1.667, L. paracasei 0.667 and L. plantarum 0.740) and fed for an additional 8 weeks.
Key results
No significant major effects were observed among diets on bodyweight, feed intake, egg production or feed conversion ratio. Numerical reductions were noted for feed intake (10%) and feed conversion ratio (9%) at Week 2 for layers receiving probiotics as compared to the control. Ammonia, ammonium-nitrogen (N), total Kjeldahl N and total N in manure were not changed significantly by probiotics, nor did probiotics significantly affect the serum profile (ammonia, uric acid, total protein, albumin and creatine kinase) or uric acid in the liver. There was a numerical but non-significant increase in creatine kinase (11%) after 8 weeks in serum of hens receiving probiotics; likewise, there was a non-significant 8% increase in uric acid concentration in the liver of hens receiving probiotics at the end of the experimental period.
Conclusion
The probiotics (L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei and L. plantarum at 1.0 × 1012 CFU/kg feed) used in this study did not significantly reduce N-containing compounds in manure of 32–40-week-old layers.
Implications
Age, different types of layers (and broilers) and mode of administration or concentration of probiotics play important roles in outcomes. Extensive collaborative studies are needed to provide definitive answers for use of probiotics in layer (as well as broiler) feed for reduction of N-containing compounds in poultry houses.
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Mi J, Chen X, Liao X. Screening of single or combined administration of 9 probiotics to reduce ammonia emissions from laying hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3977-3988. [PMID: 30982063 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of single/combined administration of 9 probiotics on ammonia (NH3) emissions during in vitro fermentation of the caecal contents of laying hens were studied. Not all of the probiotics reduced NH3 emissions. Pichia farinose, Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pichia guilliermondii, and Bacillus subtilis reduced NH3 production by approximately 35.1 to 39%. Compared with the control group, the greatest NH3 inhibition was achieved via the combined application of P. guilliermondii, B. subtilis, and L. plantarum at 1:2:1, resulting in a 46% reduction. Effective probiotics use decreased crude protein digestibility, pH, ammonium nitrogen, valerate levels, and urease and uricase activity, but increased urea, purine trione, nitrate nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, and acetate levels. The relative abundance of the bacteria responsible for fermenting carbohydrates to produce short fatty acids was increased. Under different treatments, the KEGG Orthology (KO) metabolic pathways of NH3 production and utilization were diverse. Hence, the application of probiotics to control NH3 emissions is dependent on the types and combined ratio of the organisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandui Mi
- College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Khan S, Chousalkar KK. Short-term feeding of probiotics and synbiotics modulates caecal microbiota during Salmonella Typhimurium infection but does not reduce shedding and invasion in chickens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:319-334. [PMID: 31758235 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Positive modulation of gut microbiota in laying chickens may offer a strategy for reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium shedding and production of safer poultry products. In the current study, the caecal luminal microbiota of laying chicks was studied using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on DNA obtained from the chicks that were offered supplementation with commercial probiotics, synbiotics and/or Salmonella Typhimurium challenge. The load of Salmonella Typhimurium in various organs was quantified. Irrespective of the probiotics and synbiotics supplementation and Salmonella Typhimurium challenge, caecal microbiota was dominated by 22 distinct bacterial genera and 14 families that clustered into Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at phylum level. Taken together, probiotics and synbiotics supplementation increased (false discovery rate; FDR < 0.05) the abundance of Ruminococcus, Trabulsiella, Bifidobacterium, Holdemania and Oscillospira, indicating their role in maintaining gut health through lowering luminal pH and digestion of complex polysaccharides. Salmonella Typhimurium challenge decreased the abundance of Trabulsiella, Oscillospira, Holdemania, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and increased Klebsiella and Escherichia, indicating its role in caecal dysbiosis. Although probiotics and synbiotics supplementation positively modulated the caecal microbiota, they were not effective in significantly (P > 0.05) reducing Salmonella Typhimurium load in caecal tissue and invasion into vital organs such as liver and spleen. The early colonisation of laying chick caeca by probiotics and synbiotics had the potential to positively influence luminal microbiota; however, the microbial abundance and diversity were not sufficient to significantly reduce the shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium in faeces or invasion into internal organs during this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Kapil K Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia.
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32
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Huang L. Thermal resistance of
Listeria monocytogenes
and background microbiota in unsalted and 10% salted liquid egg yolk. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Huang
- The United States Department of AgricultureResidue Chemistry and Predictive Microbiology Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service Wyndmoor Pennsylvania
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33
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Wang Y, Xue W, Zhu Z, Yang J, Li X, Tian Z, Dong H, Zou G. Mitigating ammonia emissions from typical broiler and layer manure management - A system analysis. Waste Manag 2019; 93:23-33. [PMID: 31235054 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Broiler and layer productions are important ammonia (NH3) emission sources in the livestock industry. Here, we present the first meta-analysis and integrated assessment of NH3 emissions and mitigation potentials for typical broiler litter manure management system (MMS) and layer manure belt MMS based on data from 96 studies. A total of 10 integrated NH3 emission factors (EFs) and the NH3 mitigation efficiencies (MEs) of 14 available options were provided. The estimated NH3 emissions from the baseline scenarios of the broiler litter MMS and the layer manure belt MMS were 84.1 ± 5.9 kg AU-1 yr-1 and 53.5 ± 15.8 kg AU-1 yr-1, respectively. The NH3 mitigation for the broiler litter MMS should be focused on the in-house stage, while the mitigation in the layer manure belt MMS should be focused on the outdoor and land application stages. The recommended NH3 mitigation options for the in-house stage, the outdoor stage and the land application stage were acid scrubber (-92.5%), compost biofilter (-71.9%) and changing the manure surface application to incorporation (-83.0%), respectively. The recommended mitigation combinations of low crude protein (LCP) diet, acid scrubber, compost biofilter and manure incorporation achieved the highest NH3 mitigation efficiency from both broiler litter MMS and layer manure belt MMS, by 89.3% and 84.8%, respectively. The results of this study have important implications for developing sustainable poultry production systems from the viewpoint of NH3 mitigation. The environment issues such as the other reactive nitrogen emissions and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions should also be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China
| | - Wentao Xue
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China
| | - Zhiping Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Zhuang Tian
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China
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Peralta-Sánchez JM, Martín-Platero AM, Ariza-Romero JJ, Rabelo-Ruiz M, Zurita-González MJ, Baños A, Rodríguez-Ruano SM, Maqueda M, Valdivia E, Martínez-Bueno M. Egg Production in Poultry Farming Is Improved by Probiotic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1042. [PMID: 31178831 PMCID: PMC6543855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious threats for human health in the near future. Livestock has played an important role in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, intestinal dysbiosis in farming animals, or the spread of AMR among pathogenic bacteria of human concern. The development of alternatives like probiotics is focused on maintaining or improving production levels while diminishing these negative effects of antibiotics. To this end, we supplied the potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis UGRA10 in the diet of laying hens at a final concentration of 108 Colony Forming Units per gram (CFU/g) of fodder. Its effects have been analyzed by: (i) investigating the response of the ileum and caecum microbiome; and (ii) analyzing the outcome on eggs production. During the second half of the experimental period (40 to 76 days), hens fed E. faecalis UGRA10 maintained egg production, while control animals dropped egg production. Supplementation diet with E. faecalis UGRA10 significantly increased ileum and caecum bacterial diversity (higher bacterial operational taxonomic unit richness and Faith’s diversity index) of laying hens, with animals fed the same diet showing a higher similarity in microbial composition. These results point out to the beneficial effects of E. faecalis UGRA10 in egg production. Future experiments are necessary to unveil the underlying mechanisms that mediate the positive response of animals to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Baños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología - DMC Research Center, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia María Rodríguez-Ruano
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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35
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Zhang Y, Ma W, Zhang Z, Liu F, Wang J, Yin Y, Wang Z. Effects of Enterococcus faecalis on egg production, egg quality and caecal microbiota of hens during the late laying period. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:208-221. [PMID: 31033356 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1591128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of diet supplementation of laying hens with Enterococcus faecalis (EF) on egg production, egg quality and caecal microbiota. A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (72 weeks old) were divided into three groups with four replicates of 30 birds each. The laying hens were fed with the basal diet (Control), the basal diet + 3.75 · 108 cfu EF/kg (Group I) or the basal diet + 7.5 · 108 cfu EF/kg (Group II). The experiment lasted for 45 d. Eggs and caecal samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Results showed that dietary supplementation with EF did not affect the average daily egg weight, cracked egg rate, mortality and egg quality. However, EF supplementation caused a significantly increased laying rate and decreased feed/egg ratio (p < 0.05). The differences in caecal microbiota between Group II and the Control were significant. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria at the phylum level, Rikenellaceae, Christensenellaceae and Veillonellaceae at the family level, and the Faecalibacterium, Christensenellaceae R-7 group and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group at the genus level changed significantly in Group II compared with the Control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the tested dietary supplementations with EF improved product performance and affected the caecal microbial community structure of laying hens during the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Zhang
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Wenfeng Ma
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Jie Wang
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Yulong Yin
- b Observation and Experiment Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha , China
| | - Zhanbin Wang
- a Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Feed Resource Development and Healthy Livestock, Department of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
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36
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Mahfuz S, Song H, Miao Y, Liu Z. Dietary inclusion of mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stem waste on growth performance and immune responses in growing layer hens. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:703-710. [PMID: 29971802 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal mushrooms contain biologically active substances that can be used as an immune-modulating agent in poultry. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Flammulina velutipes mushroom waste (FVW) on performance, immune response and serum immunity in growing layer hens. RESULTS No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed with respect to average daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio among the experimental groups during the entire study period (1-70 days). Antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis were higher (P < 0.05) in the FVW fed groups than in the control and antibiotic groups. On day 28, serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG were higher (P < 0.05) in the 6% FVW group than in the control and antibiotic fed groups. On day 70, serum IgA was higher (P < 0.05) in FVW fed groups than in the control group; IgG was higher (P < 0.05) in the FVW groups than in the control and antibiotic groups. However, IgM was higher (P < 0.05) in both the 4% and 6% FVW groups than in the control and antibiotic groups for both experimental periods. Serum cytokine interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both the 4% and 6% FVW grousp than in the control and antibiotic groups; IL-4 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the FVW groups than in the control group; and IL-6 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the 6% FVW group than in the control and antibiotic groups. CONCLUSION FVW at the 6% level can be used as a potential phytogenic feed stuff in growing layer hen rations with respect to improving the immune response without affecting normal weight gain. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shad Mahfuz
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Hui Song
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Miao
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
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37
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Mazanko MS, Makarenko MS, Chistyakov VA, Usatov AV, Prazdnova EV, Bren AB, Gorlov IF, Komarova ZB, Weeks R, Chikindas ML. Probiotic Intake Increases the Expression of Vitellogenin Genes in Laying Hens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11:1324-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-9519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Qiao H, Shi H, Zhang L, Song Y, Zhang X, Bian C. Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum Supplementation on Production Performance and Fecal Microbial Composition in Laying Hens. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:69-79. [PMID: 33817139 PMCID: PMC7874792 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC1.557) on egg production and fecal microbiota composition in laying hens. Sixty Hy-Line Brown laying hens (18 weeks old) were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was fed a basal diet only, and the test group was fed basal diet supplemented with a final concentration of 1.0 × 109 CFU/mL during the 10-week experimental period. Egg production and fecal microbiota composition were both assessed in 28-week-old hens using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the test group exhibited increased laying and feed intake rates (p < 0.05). At the genus level, Lactobacillus was more abundant in the test group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conversely, Romboutsia was more abundant in the control group compared with the test group (p < 0.05). This study provides us with an insight into the potential use of L. plantarum as a food supplement in the laying hen industry. the study also provides us with a better understanding of the interplay between L. plantarum and the fecal microbiota of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
| | - Liheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
| | - Yuzhen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
| | - Chuanzhou Bian
- Longzihu North road NO.6 Zhengzhou city, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Microbiological Transformation Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Henan Probiotics Bio-transformation Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
- Key Laboratory of Probiotics Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhengzhou city, Zhengzhou, Henan, ZhengzhouP.R.China
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Zhang S, Wang C, Sun Y, Wang G, Chen H, Li D, Yu X, Chen G. Xylanase and Fermented Polysaccharide of Hericium caputmedusae Reduce Pathogenic Infection of Broilers by Improving Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018:4296985. [PMID: 30693063 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4296985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Pathogenic infection in broilers has become an important issue in the development of poultry industry. Xylooligosaccharides released from xylan via xylanase and fermented polysaccharide of Hericium caputmedusae (FPHC) have antimicrobial potential against many pathogens. Objective We aimed to explore the effects of xylanase and FPHC on pathogenic infection in the broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus). Methods Three hundred and thirty 21-day male broilers were assigned into four groups: control group (CG, basic diet), xylanase group (XG, basic diet + xylanase), FPHC group (HG, basic diet + FPHC), and XHG group (basic diet + xylanase + FPHC). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and daily gain (ADG) were measured. Microflora from broiler feces was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-10, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were detected using kits. The variables were compared using the Student t-test between two groups. Results Microbiological investigations showed that 75% of broilers were affected by bacterial pathogens in the CG group, most notably by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Comparatively, 15%, 26%, and 5% of broilers were affected by bacterial pathogens in the XG, HG, and XHG groups, respectively. Xylanase and FPHC treatment increased the ratio of ADG to ADFI and antioxidant capacity by increasing the levels of T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px and reducing the levels of MDA (P < 0.05). Xylanase and FPHC treatment improved anti-inflammatory capacity by increasing serum levels of IL-1ra and IL-10 and reducing the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. On the other hand, the treatment increased probiotic concentration of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus plantarum (P < 0.05), which were also proved in cell culture. Conclusions Xylanase and FPHC ameliorate pathogen infection by increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of broilers via the increase of probiotics.
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40
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Ma T, Suzuki Y, Guan LL. Dissect the mode of action of probiotics in affecting host-microbial interactions and immunity in food producing animals. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 205:35-48. [PMID: 30459000 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prophylactic antimicrobials have been widely used in food animal production with the aim to prevent infectious diseases, enhance feed efficiency, and promote growth. However, the extensive use of antimicrobials in food animal production systems has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant pathogens, which are potential threats to human and animal health. Probiotics have been proposed to be a promising alternative of prophylactic antimicrobials, with potential beneficial effects on the host animal by improving the balance of intestinal microbiota and host immunity. Although an increasing body of evidence shows that probiotics could directly or indirectly affect gut microbiota and host immune functions, the lack of the understanding of how probiotics influence host-microbial interaction and immunity is one of the reasons for controversial findings from many animal trials, especially in food production animals. Therefore, in this review we focused on the most recent (last ten years) studies on how gut microbiota and host immune function changes in response to probiotics in food production animals (swine, poultry, and ruminant). In addition, the relationship between microbial changes and host immune function was illustrated, and how such relationship differs among animal species was further compared. Moreover, the future directions concerning the mechanisms of how probiotics modulate host-microbial interactions and host immunity were highlighted, which may assist in the optimal supplementation strategy to maximize the efficacy of probiotics to improve animal gut health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Gong L, Wang B, Mei X, Xu H, Qin Y, Li W, Zhou Y. Effects of three probiotic Bacillus on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidative capacity, serum immunity, and biochemical parameters in broilers. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1561-1571. [PMID: 30198073 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three Bacillus strains on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidative capacity, serum immunity, and biochemical parameters in broilers. A total of 360 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated into four groups with three replicates per group (n = 30). The control group was fed a basal diet, whereas the other groups fed basal diet supplemented with either Bacillus subtilis natto or Bacillus licheniformis or Bacillus cereus (108 cfu/kg) for 42 days, respectively. The results revealed that the probiotic-treated groups markedly improved final body weight, daily weight gain, and the activities of trypsin, amylase, lipase and total protease (p < 0.05). Moreover, chicks fed probiotics had higher serum glutathione peroxidase activity and O2 - level, as well as hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, whereas malondialdehyde levels in serum and liver were reduced (p < 0.05). The significant increased IgA (p < 0.05) was observed in the probiotics groups as compared to the control group. In addition, dietary administration of probiotic strain markedly reduced the levels of serum ammonia, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. Taken together, these three probiotic Bacillus showed beneficial effects on chickens with minor strain specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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42
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Aalaei M, Khatibjoo A, Zaghari M, Taherpour K, Akbari Gharaei M, Soltani M. Comparison of single- and multi-strain probiotics effects on broiler breeder performance, egg production, egg quality and hatchability. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:531-538. [PMID: 29976078 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1496400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of multi-strain probiotic (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus 2.5 × 107 cfu/g, Lactobacillus casei 2.5 × 107 cfu/g, Bifidobacterium thermophilum 2.5 × 107 cfu/g and Enterococcus faecium 2.5 × 107 cfu/g) and single-strain probiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici 1 × 1010 cfu/g) on broiler breeder performance and gastrointestinal health. 2. A completely randomised trial was conducted using 300 broiler breeder hens (Ross 308) aged 51 weeks old which were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicates per treatment in a 10 week trial. Treatments included (1) the basal diet a negative control, (2) basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g/kg multi-strain probiotic (MS), (3) basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g/kg single-strain probiotic (SS), (4) basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g/kg of both of probiotics (MS+ SS) and (5) positive control basal diet supplemented with 0.5 g/kg oxytetracycline antibiotic (OX). 3. Body weight, egg production, yolk weight, eggshell thickness and weight, Haugh unit, fertility and hatchability were determined. Results showed that dietary treatments had no significant effect on total hen house or total hatching egg production, egg weight, yolk colour index, shell weight, mortality, body weight, fertility, hatchability, oviduct and stroma weight or number of large and small yellow follicles (P > 0.05). None of the jejunum morphological parameters, apparent ileal digestibility of protein and ileal Lactobacillus population were influenced by supplemental probiotics (P > 0.05), although ileum Escherichia coli count was reduced by inclusion of dietary probiotics (P < 0.05). 4. It was concluded that although both probiotic treatments reduced coliforms, they did not improve broiler breeder performance or gastrointestinal tract (GIT) function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aalaei
- a Department of Animal Science , University of Ilam , Ilam , IRAN
| | - A Khatibjoo
- b Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science , University of Ilam , Ilam , IRAN
| | - M Zaghari
- c Department of Animal Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , IRAN
| | - K Taherpour
- b Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science , University of Ilam , Ilam , IRAN
| | - M Akbari Gharaei
- b Poultry Nutrition, Department of Animal Science , University of Ilam , Ilam , IRAN
| | - M Soltani
- d Department of Biotechnology , Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology , Kerman , Iran
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Mazanko MS, Gorlov IF, Prazdnova EV, Makarenko MS, Usatov AV, Bren AB, Chistyakov VA, Tutelyan AV, Komarova ZB, Mosolova NI, Pilipenko DN, Krotova OE, Struk AN, Lin A, Chikindas ML. Bacillus Probiotic Supplementations Improve Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Hatching of Laying Hens, and Sperm Quality of Roosters. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 10:367-373. [PMID: 29238921 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The study aims at elucidating the effect of bacilli probiotic preparations on the physiology of laying hens and roosters. Probiotic formulations were prepared as soybean products fermented by Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895. In this study, groups of male and female chickens were used. These groups received a probiotic preparation based on either B. subtilis KATMIRA1933 or B. amyloliquefaciens B-1895, or of a mixture of strains, from the first day to the age of 39 weeks. These preparations positively affected egg production, quality of sperm production, and quality and hatchery of eggs. Considering the simplicity and cost effectiveness of the soy-based probiotic preparation, these formulations should be considered as advantageous in modern livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Mazanko
- Southern Federal University, Prospect Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Ivan F Gorlov
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - Maxim S Makarenko
- Southern Federal University, Prospect Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander V Usatov
- Southern Federal University, Prospect Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anzhelika B Bren
- Southern Federal University, Prospect Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - Alexey V Tutelyan
- Federal Budget Institute of Science "Central Research Institute of Epidemiology", Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoya B Komarova
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Natalia I Mosolova
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Denis N Pilipenko
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Olga E Krotova
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Aleksandr N Struk
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Meat and Dairy Industry Production and Processing, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Angela Lin
- Microbial Biology Graduate Program, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Southern Federal University, Prospect Stachki, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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44
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Lan RX, Lee SI, Kim IH. Effects of Enterococcus faecium SLB 120 on growth performance, blood parameters, relative organ weight, breast muscle meat quality, excreta microbiota shedding, and noxious gas emission in broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3246-3253. [PMID: 28549196 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This 5-week study was conducted to determine the effects of Enterococcus faecium (SLB 120) on growth performance, blood parameters, relative organ weight, breast muscle meat quality, excreta microbiota shedding, and noxious gas emission in broilers. A total of 816 one-day-old male broilers were allocated to 4 groups with 12 replications (17 broilers/pen) according to body weight (43.2 ± 0.32 g). Dietary treatment groups were: (1) CON, basal diet, (2) T1, CON + 0.05% E. faecium, (3) T2, CON + 0.10% E. faecium, (4) T3, CON + 0.20% E. faecium. From day 1 to 21, dietary E. faecium supplementation showed linear increase (P < 0.05) in gain:feed ratio. From day 21 to 35 and the overall period, dietary E. faecium supplementation showed a linear increase (P < 0.05) in body weight gain and gain:feed ratio. On day 35, dietary E. faecium supplementation showed a linear increase (P < 0.05) in the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen, and the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius; no differences were observed in white blood cells, red blood cells or lymphocyte counts. Dietary E. faecium supplementation showed a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in excreta E.coli counts on day 7 and 35, while excreta Lactobacillus counts were linearly increased (P < 0.05) on day 35. On day 35, dietary E. faecium supplementation linearly decreased (P < 0.05) excreta NH3, H2S, and total mercaptans emission, but only H2S emission was linearly decreased (P < 0.05) on day 7. In conclusion, the supplementation of E. faecium improved growth performance, the digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen, the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius, and shifted excreta microbiota by increasing Lactobacillus and decreasing E.coli counts, as well as decreased excreta NH3, H2S, and total mercaptans gas emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Lan
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - S I Lee
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea.
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