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Guo D, Wan W, Bai X, Wen R, Peng J, Lin P, Liao W, Huang W, Liu D, Peng Y, Kang T, Yang H, He Y. Intra-individual comparison of Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasound and SonoVue contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024:10.1007/s00261-024-04250-7. [PMID: 38584190 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether the diagnostic performance of Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (SZUS) is non-inferior to that of SonoVue contrast-enhanced ultrasound (SVUS) in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals with high risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted from October 2020 to May 2022 and included participants with a high risk of HCC who underwent SZUS and SVUS. All lesions were confirmed by clinical or pathological diagnosis. Each nodule was classified according to the Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2017 (CEUS LI-RADS v2017) for SVUS and SZUS and the modified CEUS LI-RADS (using Kupffer phase defect instead of late and mild washout) for SZUS. The diagnostic performance of both two modalities for all observations was compared. Analysis of the vascular phase and Kupffer phase imaging characteristics of CEUS was performed. RESULTS One hundred and fifteen focal liver lesions from 113 patients (94 HCCs, 12 non-HCC malignancies, and 9 benign lesions) were analysed. According to CEUS LI-RADS (v2017), SVUS and SZUS showed similar sensitivity (71.3% vs. 72.3%) and specificity (85.7% vs. 81.0%) in HCC diagnosis. However, the modified CEUS LI-RADS did not significantly improve the diagnostic efficacy of Sonazoid compared to CEUS LI-RADS v2017, having equivalent sensitivity (73.4% vs. 72.3%) and specificity (81.0% vs. 81.0%). The agreement between SVUS and SZUS for all observations was 0.610 (95% CI 0.475, 0.745), while for HCCs it was 0.452 (95% CI 0.257, 0.647). CONCLUSION Using LI-RADS v2017, SZUS and SVUS showed non-inferior efficacy in evaluating HCC lesions. In addition, adding Kupffer phase defects to SZUS does not notably improve its diagnostic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Guo
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Weijun Wan
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiumei Bai
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Rong Wen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinbo Peng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Weiche Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dun Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yuye Peng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Tong Kang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Vincenzi M, Kremić A, Jouve A, Lattanzi R, Miele R, Benharouga M, Alfaidy N, Migrenne-Li S, Kanthasamy AG, Porcionatto M, Ferrara N, Tetko IV, Désaubry L, Nebigil CG. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Prokineticin Receptors in Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1167-1199. [PMID: 37684054 PMCID: PMC10595023 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The prokineticins (PKs) were discovered approximately 20 years ago as small peptides inducing gut contractility. Today, they are established as angiogenic, anorectic, and proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and neuropeptides involved in variety of physiologic and pathophysiological pathways. Their altered expression or mutations implicated in several diseases make them a potential biomarker. Their G-protein coupled receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, have divergent roles that can be therapeutic target for treatment of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neural diseases as well as pain and cancer. This article reviews and summarizes our current knowledge of PK family functions from development of heart and brain to regulation of homeostasis in health and diseases. Finally, the review summarizes the established roles of the endogenous peptides, synthetic peptides and the selective ligands of PKR1 and PKR2, and nonpeptide orthostatic and allosteric modulator of the receptors in preclinical disease models. The present review emphasizes the ambiguous aspects and gaps in our knowledge of functions of PKR ligands and elucidates future perspectives for PK research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides an in-depth view of the prokineticin family and PK receptors that can be active without their endogenous ligand and exhibits "constitutive" activity in diseases. Their non- peptide ligands display promising effects in several preclinical disease models. PKs can be the diagnostic biomarker of several diseases. A thorough understanding of the role of prokineticin family and their receptor types in health and diseases is critical to develop novel therapeutic strategies with safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vincenzi
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Amin Kremić
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Appoline Jouve
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Rossella Miele
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Stephanie Migrenne-Li
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Igor V Tetko
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
| | - Canan G Nebigil
- Regenerative Nanomedicine (UMR 1260), INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Center of Research in Biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (M.V., A.K., A.J., L.D., C.G.N.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (M.V., R.L.), and Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" (R.M.), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, Grenoble, France (M.B., N.A.); Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, France (S.M.); Department of Physiology and Pharamacology, Center for Neurologic Disease Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.G.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.P.); Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (N.F.); and Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany (I.V.T.); and BIGCHEM GmbH, Valerystr. 49, Unterschleissheim, Germany (I.V.T.)
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Han S, Kim SW, Park S, Yoon JH, Kang HJ, Yoo J, Joo I, Bae JS, Lee JM. Perfluorobutane-Enhanced Ultrasound for Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma From Non-hepatocellular Malignancies or Benignancy: Comparison of Imaging Acquisition Methods. Ultrasound Med Biol 2023; 49:2256-2263. [PMID: 37495497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the work described here was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of perfluorobutane (PFB)-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from non-HCC malignancies and other benign lesions using different acquisition methods. METHODS This prospective study included 69 patients with solid liver lesions larger than 1 cm who were scheduled for biopsy or radiofrequency ablation between September 2020 and March 2021. Lesion diagnosis was designated by three blinded radiologists after reviewing three different sets of acquired images selected according to the following presumed acquisition methods: (i) method A, acquisition up to 5 min after contrast injection; (ii) method B, acquisition up to 1 min after contrast injection with additional Kupffer phase; and (iii) method C, acquisition up to 5 min after contrast injection with additional Kupffer phase. RESULTS After excluding 7 technical failures, 62 patients with liver lesions (mean size: 24.2 ± 14.8 mm), which consisted of 7 benign lesions, 37 non-HCC malignancies and 18 HCCs. For the HCC diagnosis, method C had the highest sensitivity (75.9%), followed by method B (72.2%) and method A (68.5%), but failed to exhibit statistical significance (p = 0.12). There was no significant difference with respect to the pooled specificity between the three methods (p = 0.28). Diagnostic accuracy was the highest with method C (87.1%) but failed to exhibit statistical significance (p = 0.24). CONCLUSION Image acquisition up to 5 min after contrast injection with additional Kupffer phase could potentially result in high accuracy and sensitivity without loss of specificity in diagnosing HCC with PFB-enhanced ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungchul Han
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Woo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongin Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seok Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen K, Xu Y, Dong Y, Han H, Mao F, Wang H, Song X, Luo R, Wang WP. Contrast-Enhanced Imaging Features and Clinicopathological Investigation of Steatohepatitic Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071337. [PMID: 37046555 PMCID: PMC10093104 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (SH-HCC) is a distinctive histologic variant of HCC for the presence of steatohepatitis. This study intended to evaluate the contrast-enhanced imaging features and clinicopathological characteristics of 26 SH-HCCs in comparison with 26 age-and-sex-matched non-SH-HCCs. The frequency of obesity (34.6%, p = 0.048) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (23.1%, p = 0.042) were significantly higher in SH-HCC patients. As seen via B-mode ultrasound (BMUS), SH-HCCs were predominantly hyperechoic (65.4%, p = 0.002) lesions, while non-SH-HCCs were mainly hypo-echoic. As seen via contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), 96.2% of SH-HCCs exhibited hyperenhancement in the arterial phase. During the portal venous and late phase, 88.5% of SH-HCCs showed late and mild washout. Consequently, most SH-HCCs and all non-SH-HCCs were categorized as LR-4 or LR-5. As seen via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a signal drop in the T1WI opposed-phase was observed in 84.6% of SH-HCCs (p = 0.000). Notably, diffuse fat in mass was detected in 57.7% (15/26) SH-HCCs (p < 0.001). As seen via contrast-enhanced MRI (CEMRI), most of the SH-HCCs and non-SH-HCCs exhibited heterogeneous hyperenhancement in the arterial phase (80.8% versus 69.2%, p = 0.337). During the delayed phase, 76.9% SH-HCCs and 88.5% non-SH-HCCs exhibited hypo-enhancement. Histopathologically, the rate of microvascular invasion (MVI) was significantly lower in SH-HCCs than non-SH-HCCs (42.3% versus 73.1%, p = 0.025). The frequency of hepatic steatosis >5% in non-tumoral liver parenchyma of SH-HCCs was significantly higher than in non-SH-HCCs (88.5% versus 26.9%, p = 0.000). Additionally, the fibrotic stages of S0, S1 and S2 in SH-HCCs were significantly higher than in non-SH-HCCs (p = 0.044). During follow-up, although the PFS of SH-HCC patients was significantly longer than non-SH-HCC patients (p = 0.046), for the overall survival rate of SH-HCC and non-SH-HCC patients there was no significant difference (p = 0.162). In conclusion, the frequency of metabolism-related diseases in SH-HCC patients was significantly higher than in non-SH-HCC patients. The imaging features of SH-HCCs combined the fatty change and typical enhancement performance of standard HCC as seen via CEUS/CEMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yadan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Universitity School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuhao Song
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Huang J, Gao L, Li J, Yang R, Jiang Z, Liao M, Luo Y, Lu Q. Head-to-head comparison of Sonazoid and SonoVue in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma for patients at high risk. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1140277. [PMID: 37007159 PMCID: PMC10050587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1140277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo compare the diagnostic efficacy of SonoVue-enhanced and Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasound (US) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients at high risk.MethodsBetween August 2021 and February 2022, participants at high risk for HCC with focal liver lesions were enrolled and underwent both SonoVue- and Sonazoid-enhanced US. Vascular-phase and Kupffer phase (KP) imaging features of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) were analyzed. The diagnostic performance of both contrast agent-enhanced US according to the CEUS liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) and the modified criteria (using KP defect instead of late and mild washout) were compared. Histopathology and contrast-enhanced MRI/CT were used as reference standards.ResultsIn total, 62 nodules, namely, 55 HCCs, 3 non-HCC malignancies and 4 hemangiomas, from 59 participants were included. SonoVue-enhanced US had comparable sensitivity to Sonazoid-enhanced US for diagnosing HCC [80% (95% confidential interval (CI): 67%, 89.6%) versus 74.6% (95% CI: 61%, 85.3%), p = 0.25]. Both SonoVue and Sonazoid-enhanced US achieved a specificity of 100%. Compared with CEUS LI-RADS, the modified criteria with Sonazoid did not improve sensitivity for HCC diagnosis [74.6% (95% CI: 61%, 85.3%) versus 76.4% (95% CI: 63%, 86.8%), p = 0.99].ConclusionsSonazoid-enhanced US had comparable diagnostic performance to SonoVue-enhanced US for patients with HCC risk. KP did not considerably improve the diagnostic efficacy, whereas KP defects in atypical hemangioma may be pitfalls in diagnosing HCC. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further validate the conclusions in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Chengdu BOE Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawu Li
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenpeng Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Lu,
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Lee D, Sohn J, Kirichenko A. Quantifying Liver Heterogeneity via R2*-MRI with Super-Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPION) to Characterize Liver Function and Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215269. [PMID: 36358689 PMCID: PMC9653969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are phagocytized by the hepatic Kupffer cells (KC) in the liver and shorten MRI signals within the volume of functional liver parenchyma (FLP) where KCs are found. However, malignant tumors lacking KCs exhibit minimal signal change, resulting in increasing liver heterogeneity. This study investigates whether SPIONs improve liver heterogeneity on R2*-MRI to characterize FLP and non-FLP (i.e., tumor, hepatic vessels, liver fibrosis and scarring associated with hepatic cirrhosis, prior liver-directed therapies or hepatic resection). By using SPIONs, liver heterogeneity was improved across two MRI sessions with and without an intravenous SPION injection, and the volume of FLP was identified in our auto-contouring tool. This is a desirable technique for achieving more accurate characterizations of liver function and tumors during radiation treatment planning. Abstract The use of super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as an MRI contrast agent (SPION-CA) can safely label hepatic macrophages and be localized within hepatic parenchyma for T2*- and R2*-MRI of the liver. To date, no study has utilized the R2*-MRI with SPIONs for quantifying liver heterogeneity to characterize functional liver parenchyma (FLP) and hepatic tumors. This study investigates whether SPIONs enhance liver heterogeneity for an auto-contouring tool to identify the voxel-wise functional liver parenchyma volume (FLPV). This was the first study to directly evaluate the impact of SPIONs on the FLPV in R2*-MRI for 12 liver cancer patients. By using SPIONs, liver heterogeneity was improved across pre- and post-SPION MRI sessions. On average, 60% of the liver [range 40–78%] was identified as the FLPV in our auto-contouring tool with a pre-determined threshold of the mean R2* of the tumor and liver. This method performed well in 10 out of 12 liver cancer patients; the remaining 2 needed a longer echo time. These results demonstrate that our contouring tool with SPIONs can facilitate the heterogeneous R2* of the liver to automatically characterize FLP. This is a desirable technique for achieving more accurate FLPV contouring during liver radiation treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Lee
- Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15012, USA
- Radiologic Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-359-4589
| | - Jason Sohn
- Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15012, USA
- Radiologic Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander Kirichenko
- Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15012, USA
- Radiologic Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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7
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Lattanzi R, Severini C, Miele R. Prokineticin 2 in cancer-related inflammation. Cancer Lett 2022; 546:215838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang Y, Liu C, Yan J, Liu K. Perfluorobutane contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the diagnosis of HCC: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:4619-4628. [PMID: 34086090 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perfluorobutane ultrasound contrast agent as a new type of contrast agent has a good performance in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aim to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of Perfluorobutane contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (P-CEUS) in the diagnosis of HCC with a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane, Clinical Key, Wan Fang, CBM and CNKI databases were systematically searched and checked for studies using P-CEUS in HCC, from 2007 to 2020. Data necessary to construct 2 × 2 contingency tables were extracted from included studies. The QUADAS tool was utilized to assess the methodologic quality of the studies. Meta-analysis included data pooling, subgroup analyses, meta-regression and investigation of publication bias was comprehensively performed. RESULTS Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis and the overall diagnostic accuracy in characterization of HCC was as follows: pooled sensitivity, 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.82-0.95); pooled specificity, 0.97 (0.93-0.98); pooled positive likelihood ratio, 27.2 (14.1 to - 52.3); and pooled negative likelihood ratio, 0.10 (0.06-0.18). The area under the comprehensive receiving operation characteristic curve was 0.98 (0.97-0.99). CONCLUSION The sensitivity and specificity of P-CEUS are more valuable than other imaging techniques (such as computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). However, due to the large differences in the data samples collected in this study, statistical heterogeneity results. P-CEUS can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of previous contrast-enhanced ultrasound for HCC. PROSPERO registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42020200040).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, No. 16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Chengkai Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, No. 16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, No. 16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Kebing Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, No. 16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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9
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Wang F, Numata K, Okada M, Chuma M, Nihonmatsu H, Moriya S, Nozaki A, Ogushi K, Luo W, Ruan L, Nakano M, Otani M, Inayama Y, Maeda S. Comparison of Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasound and gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid MRI for the histological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:2521-2540. [PMID: 34079721 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare the value of Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (SCEUS) with gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI) for histological grading diagnosis, especially for early hepatocellular carcinoma (eHCC). Methods A total of 163 histopathologically confirmed HCC lesions were retrospectively collected, including 71 eHCCs (27 hypervascular, 44 non-hypervascular) and 92 advanced HCCs (adHCC) (73 hypervascular, 19 non-hypervascular). We performed SCEUS to evaluate the lesions' vascularity during the portal phase (PP) and the echogenicity during the post-vascular phase (PVP). EOB-MRI was used to determine the signal intensity between lesions and the surrounding liver parenchyma on unenhanced T1-weighted images (pre-contrast ratio) in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) (post-contrast ratio). Results For the PP and PVP of SCEUS (for all lesions), the pre-and post-contrast ratios of EOB-MRI (for all hypervascular lesions) showed statistical differences in the diagnosis of some (but not all) histological grades. For the diagnosis of eHCC, isoechogenicity in the PVP achieved the best diagnostic efficacy [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) =0.892]. Whether used independently or in a combination of any form, all indicators failed to produce a higher diagnostic efficacy than PVP. Post- (≥0.610) and pre-contrast ratios (≥0.981) yielded acceptable diagnostic efficacy, with, respectively, accuracy levels of 69.3% and 75.5% and AUC values of 0.719 and 0.736. For eHCC diagnosis, the post-contrast ratio (≥0.625) and combined diagnosis using pre- (≥0.907) and post-contrast ratios (≥0.609) revealed the highest sensitivity (92.6%) for hypervascular lesions and perfect specificity (100%) for non-hypervascular lesions. Conclusions Unenhanced T1-weighted images and the HBP of EOB-MRI [regardless of the vascularity in the arterial phase (AP)], and the PP and PVP of SCEUS showed their value in the histological grading diagnosis of HCC. In particular, isoechogenicity in the PVP may have promising diagnostic utility for eHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiqian Wang
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kazushi Numata
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Chuma
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nihonmatsu
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Moriya
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akito Nozaki
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Ogushi
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Litao Ruan
- Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Masayuki Nakano
- Tokyo Central Pathology Laboratory, Utsukimachi, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Masako Otani
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inayama
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shin Maeda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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An SB, Yang K, Kim CW, Choi SH, Kim E, Kim SD, Koh JS. Longitudinal Imaging of Liver Cancer Using MicroCT and Nanoparticle Contrast Agents in CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Liver Cancer Mouse Model. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211016466. [PMID: 34039112 PMCID: PMC8165521 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211016466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Micro-computed tomography with nanoparticle contrast agents may be a suitable tool for monitoring the time course of the development and progression of tumors. Here, we suggest a practical and convenient experimental method for generating and longitudinally imaging murine liver cancer models. Methods: Liver cancer was induced in 6 experimental mice by injecting clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 plasmids causing mutations in genes expressed by hepatocytes. Nanoparticle agents are captured by Kupffer cells and detected by micro-computed tomography, thereby enabling longitudinal imaging. A total of 9 mice were used for the experiment. Six mice were injected with both plasmids and contrast, 2 injected with contrast alone, and one not injected with either agent. Micro-computed tomography images were acquired every 2- up to 14-weeks after cancer induction. Results: Liver cancer was first detected by micro-computed tomography at 8 weeks. The mean value of hepatic parenchymal attenuation remained almost unchanged over time, although the standard deviation of attenuation, reflecting heterogeneous contrast enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma, increased slowly over time in all mice. Histopathologically, heterogeneous distribution and aggregation of Kupffer cells was more prominent in the experimental group than in the control group. Heterogeneous enhancement of hepatic parenchyma, which could cause image quality deterioration and image misinterpretation, was observed and could be due to variation in Kupffer cells distribution. Conclusion: Micro-computed tomography with nanoparticle contrast is useful in evaluating the induction and characteristics of liver cancer, determining appropriate size of liver cancer for testing, and confirming therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bu An
- Department of Radiology, 37995Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangmo Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 37995Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, 220312Pusan National University, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Si Ho Choi
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 37995Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- Research Center, 222204Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Soo Koh
- Department of Pathology, 37995Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Longo V, Brunetti O, Gnoni A, Licchetta A, Delcuratolo S, Memeo R, Solimando AG, Argentiero A. Emerging role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:E698. [PMID: 31627433 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. A total of 70–80% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a dismal prognosis. Sorafenib had been the standard care for almost a decade until 2018 when the Food and Drug Administration approved an alternative first-line agent namely lenvatinib. Cabozantinib, regorafenib, and ramucirumab also displayed promising results in second line settings. FOLFOX4, however, results in an alternative first-line treatment for the Chinese clinical oncology guidelines. Moreover, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, two therapeutics against the Programmed death (PD)-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/PD1 axis have been recently approved for subsequent-line therapy. However, similar to other solid tumors, the response rate of single agent targeting PD-L1/PD1 axis is low. Therefore, a lot of combinatory approaches are under investigation, including the combination of different immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the addition of ICIs after resection or during loco-regional therapy, ICIs in addition to kinase inhibitors, anti-angiogenic therapeutics, and others. This review focuses on the use of ICIs for the hepatocellular carcinoma with a careful assessment of new ICIs-based combinatory approaches.
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Anton N, Parlog A, Bou About G, Attia MF, Wattenhofer-Donzé M, Jacobs H, Goncalves I, Robinet E, Sorg T, Vandamme TF. Non-invasive quantitative imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice by micro-CT using liver-targeted iodinated nano-emulsions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13935. [PMID: 29066853 PMCID: PMC5655328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the only cancer for which non-invasive diagnosis is recognized by international guidelines. Contrast agent free ultrasound imaging, computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging are techniques used for early detection and confirmation. Clinical evidence depicts that CT is 30% less precise as compared to MRI for detection of small tumors. In our work, we have reported some novel tools that can enhance the sensitivity and precision of CT applied to preclinical research (micro-CT). Our system, containing non-toxic nano-droplets loaded with iodine has high contrasting properties, liver and hepatocyte specificity and strong liver persistence. Micro-CT was performed on HCC model implanted in nude mice by intrahepatic injection. Contrast agent was administrated intravenously. This method allows an unprecedented high precision of detection, quantitative measurement of tumor volume and quantitative follow-up of the tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Anton
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France. .,CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Alexandru Parlog
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ghina Bou About
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed F Attia
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France.,National Research Center, P.O., 12622, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 203 Rhodes Annex, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Marie Wattenhofer-Donzé
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hugues Jacobs
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Goncalves
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Robinet
- IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tania Sorg
- CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Paris, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry F Vandamme
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Pharmacy, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique, 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, Strasbourg, France
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Eso Y, Takai A, Takeda H, Matsumoto T, Lee M, Inuzuka T, Takahashi K, Ueda Y, Marusawa H, Seno H. Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography guidance improves the quality of pathological diagnosis in the biopsy of focal hepatic lesions. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 28:1462-7. [PMID: 27623001 DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) has improved the detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions. Recently, the importance of obtaining high-quality samples in the biopsy of hepatic lesions has been increasing not only in the field of pathological diagnosis but also in molecular analysis for predicting the effectiveness of anticancer agents and molecular targeted drugs. We evaluated the utility of Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography (SEUS) in guiding percutaneous biopsy of focal hepatic lesions by comparing the results of histopathological diagnosis between B-mode US and SEUS guidance. METHODS AND MATERIALS This retrospective study examined 121 focal hepatic lesions in 108 patients (mean age: 63.8 years) referred for US-guided percutaneous biopsy. The technical success rate was defined as the percentage of the lesions diagnosed clearly at the initial biopsy. RESULTS Among 121 lesions, 56 lesions were subjected to biopsy with B-mode US guidance whereas 65 were subjected to SEUS guidance. The technical success rate was significantly higher under SEUS guidance than under B-mode US guidance (92.3 vs. 76.8%, respectively, P<0.05). When biopsies were performed to diagnose or rule out malignancy in indeterminate lesions, the technical success rate was also significantly higher under SEUS guidance than under B-mode US guidance (100 vs. 73.9%, respectively, P<0.05). SEUS guidance resulted in a significantly higher rate of successful single-puncture attempts compared with B-mode US guidance (55.4 vs. 35.7%, respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION SEUS guidance is recommended for more accurate localization of suitable hepatic lesion biopsy areas as it increases conspicuity and differentiates viable areas from denaturalization or necrosis.
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14
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Kono H, Fujii H, Furuya S, Hara M, Hirayama K, Akazawa Y, Nakata Y, Tsuchiya M, Hosomura N, Sun C. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in non-cancer tissues provides predictive powers for recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8779-8789. [PMID: 27818593 PMCID: PMC5075552 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i39.8779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery.
METHODS Expression of M-CSF, distribution of M2 macrophages (MΦs), and angiogenesis were assessed in the liver, including tumors and peritumoral liver tissues. The prognostic power of these factors was assessed. Mouse isolated hepatic MΦs or monocytes were cultured with media containing M-CSF. The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in media was assessed. Furthermore, the role of the M-CSF-matured hepatic MΦs on proliferation of the vascular endothelial cell (VEC) was investigated.
RESULTS A strong correlation between the expressions of M-CSF and CD163 was observed in the peritumoral area. Also, groups with high density of M-CSF, CD163 or CD31 showed a significantly shorter time to recurrence (TTR) than low density groups. Multivariate analysis revealed the expression of M-CSF or hepatic M2MΦs in the peritumoral area as the most crucial factor responsible for shorter TTR. Moreover, the expression of M-CSF and hepatic M2MΦs in the peritumoral area had better predictable power of overall survival. Values of VEGF in culture media were significantly greater in the hepatic MΦs compared with the monocytes. Proliferation of the VEC was greatest in the cells co-cultured with hepatic MΦs when M-CSF was present in media.
CONCLUSION M-CSF increases hepatocarcinogenesis, most likely by enhancing an angiogenic factor derived from hepatic MΦ and could be a useful target for therapy against HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease-Free Survival
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Female
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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15
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Li XY, Wu L, Li SW, Zhou WB, Wang MY, Zuo GQ, Liu CA, Ding X. Effect of CD16a, the surface receptor of Kupffer cells, on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1465-74. [PMID: 27082928 PMCID: PMC4866971 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FcγRIIIa (CD16) is a low-affinity Fc receptor of IgG. As the idio-binding receptor of IgG Fc, it plays an important role in the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of natural killer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of Kupffer cells (KCs) and the expression of their surface receptor FcγRIIIa in hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, we also aimed to observe the functional mechanism of FcγRIIIa. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to study KCs and FcγRIIIa. In order to explore the role of FcγRIIIa in the growth of cancer cells, KCs and H22 tumor cells were co-cultured in different serum. The mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and FcγRIIIa were analyzed by RT-qPCR; the TNF-α and FcγRIIIa protein expression levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis, respectively. Our results showed that the number of Kuppfer cells in cancerous tissues (21.6±7.8) was lower than those in para-cancerous (68.8±9.1) tissues and adjacent normal hepatic tissues (62.0±1.9) (P<0.01); this decreased with the reduction in the differentiation degree of cancer (P<0.05). FcγRIIIa-positive cells were similar in morphology to KCs, and their distributive tendency was coincident (P<0.05). The increase in CD16a mRNA levels in the group treated with immune serum was 3.9-, 4.9- and 3.9-fold greater than that in the ordinary serum group at different time points, and CD16a protein expression also markedly increased (P<0.05). However, these effects were inhibited by the addition of anti-IgG Fc serum (P<0.05). The results of the present study suggested that FcγRIIIa resided in KCs, and it contributed to the inhibition of the growth of liver tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Dianjiang, Dianjiang, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lun Wu
- Institute of Liver Surgery, DongFeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Zhou
- Institute of Liver Surgery, DongFeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Wanzhou, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yubei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chang-An Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Hennedige T, Venkatesh SK. Advances in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:205-220. [PMID: 26755871 PMCID: PMC4698486 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Imaging is important for establishing a diagnosis of HCC and early diagnosis is imperative as several potentially curative treatments are available when HCC is small. Hepatocarcinogenesis occurs in a stepwise manner on a background of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis wherein multiple genes are altered resulting in a range of cirrhosis-associated nodules. This progression is related to increased cellularity, neovascularity and size of the nodule. An understanding of the stepwise progression may aid in early diagnosis. Dynamic and multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging still form the cornerstone in the diagnosis of HCC. An overview of the current diagnostic standards of HCC in accordance to the more common practicing guidelines and their differences will be reviewed. Ancillary features contribute to diagnostic confidence and has been incorporated into the more recent Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System. The use of hepatocyte-specific contrast agents is increasing and gradually changing the standard of diagnosis of HCC; the most significant benefit being the lack of uptake in the hepatocyte phase in the earlier stages of HCC progression. An outline of supplementary techniques in the imaging of HCC will also be reviewed.
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17
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Yoshiya S, Shirabe K, Imai D, Toshima T, Yamashita YI, Ikegami T, Okano S, Yoshizumi T, Kawanaka H, Maehara Y. Blockade of the apelin-APJ system promotes mouse liver regeneration by activating Kupffer cells after partial hepatectomy. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:573-82. [PMID: 25148722 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-0992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver regeneration after massive hepatectomy or living donor liver transplantation is critical. The apelin-APJ system is involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function, inflammation, fluid homeostasis, the adipo-insular axis, and angiogenesis, but its function in liver regeneration remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the impact of pharmacologic blockade of the apelin-APJ system, using the specific APJ antagonist F13A on liver regeneration after hepatectomy in mice. RESULTS F13A-treated mice had significantly higher serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 than control mice, due to F13A-promoted activation of Kupffer cells. Compared with untreated mice, F13A enhanced the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, stimulated cell-cycle progression, and promoted hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration without inducing apoptosis or inflammation in regenerating livers. In vitro, Kupffer cells expressed APJ and were activated directly by F13A treatment, releasing TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, F13A-treated mice had a higher survival rate than untreated mice in the extended hepatectomy model. CONCLUSIONS F13A treatment promotes early phase liver regeneration after hepatectomy by promoting the activation of Kupffer cells and increasing serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. F13A treatment may become a therapeutic option to facilitate efficient liver regeneration after liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshiya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan,
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18
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Lu M, Wu J, He F, Wang XL, Li C, Chen ZN, Bian H. Cell expression patterns of CD147 in N-diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital-induced mouse hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Histol 2014; 46:79-91. [PMID: 25447507 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of CD147/basigin in hepatic cells promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether CD147 also expressed in liver non-parenchymal cells and associated with HCC development was unknown. The aim of the study was to explore time-dependent cell expression patterns of CD147 in a widely accepted N-diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital (DEN/PB)-induced HCC mouse model. Liver samples collected at month 1-12 of post-DEN/PB administration were assessed the localization of CD147 in hepatocytes, endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and macrophages. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that CD147 was upregulated in liver tumors during month 1-8 of DEN/PB induction. Expression of CD147 was positively correlated with cytokeratin 18, a hepatocyte marker (r = 0.7857, P = 0.0279), CD31 (r = 0.9048, P = 0.0046), an endothelial cell marker, and CD68, a macrophage marker (r = 0.7619, P = 0.0368). A significant correlation was also observed between CD147 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (r = 0.8857, P = 0.0333) at DEN/PB initiation and early stage of tumor formation. Immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that CD147 co-expressed with cytokeratin 18, CD31, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and CD68. Moreover, there existed positive correlations between CD147 and microvessel density (r = 0.7857, P = 0.0279), CD147 and Ki-67 (r = 0.9341, P = 0.0022) in the development of DEN/PB-induced HCC. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that CD147 was upregulated in the liver parenchymal and mesenchymal cells and involved in angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation in the development of DEN/PB-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Abstract
Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains a challenging issue. In the setting of liver cirrhosis, international guidelines have set the noninvasive criteria for HCC diagnosis, represented by the detection of contrast hyperenhancement in the arterial phase (wash-in) and hypoenhancement in the portal or delayed phase (wash-out) with dynamic multi-detector computer tomography or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Although highly specific, this typical enhancement pattern has relatively low sensitivity, since approximately one-third of HCC nodules are characterized by atypical enhancement patterns. In atypical HCC nodules larger than 1 cm, the majority of international guidelines recommend liver biopsy. However, there is an increasing interest in exploiting new noninvasive diagnostic tools, to increase the sensitivity of radiological diagnosis of HCC. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging and MR hepatobiliary contrast agents may represent useful tools for the detection and characterization of borderline hypovascular lesions by providing functional information such as water molecule motion in diffusion-weighted imaging and residual hepatobiliary function, which can be impaired early during the course of hepatocarcinogenesis. Also, dual-energy computed tomography (CT) represents an interesting new CT technology that could increase detectability and conspicuity of hypervascular lesions, thus possibly improving CT sensitivity in small HCCs. However, more data and further developments are needed to verify the usefulness of these new technologies in the diagnosis of HCC and to translate these recent advances into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bargellini
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Battaglia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dario Luca Lauretti
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Bartolozzi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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Dubbelboer IR, Lilienberg E, Ahnfelt E, Sjögren E, Axén N, Lennernäs &H. Treatment of intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of intrahepatic doxorubicin drug-delivery systems. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:447-66. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biopharmaceutical properties of doxorubicin delivered via two drug-delivery systems (DDSs) for the palliative treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were reviewed with relation to the associated liver and tumor (patho)physiology. These two DDSs, doxorubicin emulsified with Lipiodol® and doxorubicin loaded into DC Bead® are different regarding tumor delivery, release rate, local bioavailability, if and how they can be given repeatedly, biodegradability, length of embolization and safety profile. There have been few direct head-to-head comparisons of these DDSs, and in-depth investigations into their in vitro and in vivo performance is warranted.
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21
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Saito Y, Mori H, Takasu C, Komatsu M, Hanaoka J, Yamada S, Asanoma M, Ikemoto T, Imura S, Morine Y, Utsunomiya T, Shimada M. Beneficial effects of green tea catechin on massive hepatectomy model in rats. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:692-701. [PMID: 23543313 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea catechin, especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), is a well-known scavenger of reactive oxygen species and it may also function as an antioxidant through modulation of transcriptional factors and enzyme activities. METHODS Green tea extract (GTE®) which contained numerous EGCG was used. Wistar rats were performed 90 % hepatectomy and classified into 2 groups with (GTEHx, n = 25) or without GTE treatment (Hx, n = 25) and sacrificed at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after operations. All rats had free access to drinking water supplemented with or without GTE from the 7th pre-operative day. Liver regeneration, hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), anti-oxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] and inflammatory markers [cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were investigated. RESULTS The liver weight to body weight ratio (p < 0.01), proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index (p < 0.05) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p < 0.05) at day 1 in the GTEHx group significantly increased compared to the Hx group. Hepatic iNOS levels at day 1 significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in the GTEHx group. Hepatic SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels at day 1 significantly increased (SOD: p < 0.01, CAT and GSH-Px: p < 0.05) in the GTEHx group. In contrast, COX-2, NFκB and TNF-α levels at day 1 significantly decreased (COX-2: p < 0.01, NFκB and TNF-α: p < 0.05) in the GTEHx group. CONCLUSIONS GTE pretreatment stimulated liver regeneration and improved liver damage after massive hepatectomy through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Green tea catechin might have the potential to attenuate liver dysfunction in early stage after massive hepatectomy.
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Van Overmeire E, Laoui D, Keirsse J, Van Ginderachter JA, Sarukhan A. Mechanisms driving macrophage diversity and specialization in distinct tumor microenvironments and parallelisms with other tissues. Front Immunol 2014; 5:127. [PMID: 24723924 PMCID: PMC3972476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are extremely versatile cells that adopt a distinct phenotype in response to a changing microenvironment. Consequently, macrophages are involved in diverse functions, ranging from organogenesis and tissue homeostasis to recognition and destruction of invading pathogens. In cancer, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) often contribute to tumor progression by increasing cancer cell migration and invasiveness, stimulating angiogenesis, and suppressing anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence suggests that these different functions could be exerted by specialized TAM subpopulations. Here, we discuss the potential underlying mechanisms regulating TAM specialization and elaborate on TAM heterogeneity in terms of their ontogeny, activation state, and intra-tumoral localization. In addition, parallels are drawn between TAM and macrophages in other tissues. Together, a better understanding of TAM diversity could provide a rationale for novel strategies aimed at targeting the most potent tumor-supporting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Van Overmeire
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jiri Keirsse
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Adelaida Sarukhan
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB , Brussels , Belgium ; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium ; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale , Paris , France
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Li X, Wang M, Zhang J, Li J, Gong J, Zhang W. Kupffer Cells Suppress Hepatocarcinogenesis and Metastasis in Tumor Orthotopic Implanted Kunming Mice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:6393-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Koda M, Tokunaga S, Miyoshi K, Kishina M, Fujise Y, Kato J, Matono T, Murawaki Y, Kakite S, Yamashita E. Ablative margin states by magnetic resonance imaging with ferucarbotran in radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma can predict local tumor progression. J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:1283-92. [PMID: 23338488 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to determine how well ablative margin (AM) grading assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ferucarbotran administered prior to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) predicts local tumor progression in comparison with enhanced computed tomography (CT). METHODS 101 hepatocellular carcinomas were treated by RFA after ferucarbotran administration. We performed T2*-weighted MRI after 1 week and enhanced CT after 1 month. The assessment was categorized in three grades: AM(+): high-intensity area with continuous low-intensity rim; AM zero: high-intensity area with discontinuous low-intensity rim; and AM(-): high-intensity area extending beyond the low-intensity rim. RESULTS AM(+), AM zero, AM(-) and indeterminable were found in 47, 36, 8 and 10 nodules, respectively. The overall agreement rate between MRI and enhanced CT for the diagnosis of AM was 71.3%. The κ coefficient was 0.523 (p < 0.001), indicating moderate agreement. Multivariate logistic regression showed that a significant factor for the achievement of AM(+) on MRI was only segment location (odds ratio 5.9, non-segment 4 + 8 vs. segment 4 + 8). The cumulative local tumor progression rates (4.4, 7.6, and 7.6% in 1, 2, and 3 years) in 47 AM(+) nodules were significantly lower than those (13.9, 33.4, and 41.8% in 1, 2, and 3 years) in 36 AM zero nodules. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model identified contiguous vessels (odds ratio 12.0) and AM(+) on MRI (odds ratio 0.19) as independent factors for local tumor progression. CONCLUSION AM assessment by MRI using ferucarbotran can predict local tumor progression after RFA and enable early and less invasive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Koda
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8504, Japan,
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Veres DS, Máthé D, Futó I, Horváth I, Balázs Á, Karlinger K, Szigeti K. Quantitative Liver Lesion Volume Determination by Nanoparticle-Based SPECT. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 16:167-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Savić R, He X, Fiel I, Schuchman EH. Recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase as an adjuvant to sorafenib treatment of experimental liver cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65620. [PMID: 23724146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The only approved systemic treatment for unresectable HCC is the oral kinase inhibitor, sorafenib. Recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase (rhASM), which hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide, is an orphan drug under development for the treatment of Type B Niemann-Pick disease (NPD). Due to the hepatotropic nature of rhASM and its ability to generate pro-apoptotic ceramide, this study evaluated the use of rhASM as an adjuvant treatment with sorafenib in experimental models of HCC. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In vitro, rhASM/sorafenib treatment reduced the viability of Huh7 liver cancer cells more than sorafenib. In vivo, using a subcutaneous Huh7 tumor model, mouse survival was increased and proliferation in the tumors decreased to a similar extent in both sorafenib and rhASM/sorafenib treatment groups. However, combined rhASM/sorafenib treatment significantly lowered tumor volume, increased tumor necrosis, and decreased tumor blood vessel density compared to sorafenib. These results were obtained despite poor delivery of rhASM to the tumors. A second (orthotopic) model of Huh7 tumors also was established, but modest ASM activity was similarly detected in these tumors compared to healthy mouse livers. Importantly, no chronic liver toxicity or weight loss was observed from rhASM therapy in either model. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The rhASM/sorafenib combination exhibited a synergistic effect on reducing the tumor volume and blood vessel density in Huh7 xenografts, despite modest activity of rhASM in these tumors. No significant increases in survival were observed from the rhASM/sorafenib treatment. The poor delivery of rhASM to Huh7 tumors may be due, at least in part, to low expression of mannose receptors. The safety and efficacy of this approach, together with the novel findings regarding enzyme targeting, merits further investigation.
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Erba HP, Sayar H, Juckett M, Lahn M, Andre V, Callies S, Schmidt S, Kadam S, Brandt JT, Van Bockstaele D, Andreeff M. Safety and pharmacokinetics of the antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) LY2181308 as a single-agent or in combination with idarubicin and cytarabine in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:1023-34. [PMID: 23397500 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-9935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Survivin is expressed in tumor cells, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), regulates mitosis, and prevents tumor cell death. The antisense oligonucleotide sodium LY2181308 (LY2181308) inhibits survivin expression and may cause cell cycle arrest and restore apoptosis in AML. In this study, the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics/efficacy of LY2181308 was examined in AML patients, first in a cohort with monotherapy (n = 8) and then post-amendment in a cohort with the combination of cytarabine and idarubicin treatment (n = 16). LY2181308 was administered with a loading dosage of three consecutive daily infusions of 750 mg followed by weekly intravenous (IV) maintenance doses of 750 mg. Cytarabine 1.5 g/m(2) was administered as a 4-hour IV infusion on Days 3, 4, and 5 of Cycle 1, and idarubicin 12 mg/m(2) was administered as a 30-minute IV infusion on Days 3, 4, and 5 of Cycle 1. Cytarabine and idarubicin were administered on Days 1, 2, and 3 of each subsequent 28-day cycle. Reduction of survivin was evaluated in peripheral blasts and bone marrow. Single-agent LY2181308 was well tolerated and survivin was reduced only in patients with a high survivin expression. In combination with chemotherapy, 4/16 patients had complete responses, 1/16 patients had incomplete responses, and 4/16 patients had cytoreduction. Nine patients died on study: 6 (monotherapy), 3 (combination). LY2181308 alone is well tolerated in patients with AML. In combination with cytarabine and idarubicin, LY2181308 does not appear to cause additional toxicity, and has shown some clinical benefit needing confirmation in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry P Erba
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Abstract
Based on recent clinical practice guidelines, imaging is largely replacing pathology as the preferred diagnostic method for determination of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A variety of imaging modalities, including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and angiography, are currently used to examine patients with chronic liver disease and suspected HCC. Advancements in imaging techniques such as perfusion imaging, diffusion imaging, and elastography along with the development of new contrast media will further improve the ability to detect and characterize HCC. Early diagnosis of HCC is essential for prompt treatment, which may in turn improve prognosis. Considering the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, it is important to evaluate sequential changes via imaging which would help to differentiate HCC from premalignant or benign lesions. Recent innovations including multiphasic examinations, high-resolution imaging, and the increased functional capabilities available with contrast-enhanced US, multidetector row CT, and MRI have raised the standards for HCC diagnosis. Although hemodynamic features of nodules in the cirrhotic liver remain the main diagnostic criterion, newly developed cellspecific contrast agents have shown great possibilities for improved HCC diagnosis and may overcome the diagnostic dilemma associated with small or borderline hepatocellular lesions. In the 20th century paradigm of medical imaging, radiological diagnosis was based on morphological characteristics, but in the 21st century, a paradigm shift to include biomedical, physiological, functional, and genetic imaging is needed. A multidisciplinary team approach is necessary to foster an integrated approach to HCC imaging. By developing and combining new imaging modalities, all phases of HCC patient care, including screening, diagnosis, treatment, and therapy, can be dramatically improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung Ihn Choi
- *Byung Ihn Choi, MD, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744 (Korea), Tel. +82 2 2072 2515, E-Mail
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Abstract
Since its first description in wound granulation tissue, the myofibroblast has been recognized to be a key actor in the epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk that plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological situations, such as regulation of prostate development, ventilation-perfusion in lung alveoli or organ fibrosis. The presence of myofibroblasts in the stroma reaction to epithelial tumors is well established and many data are accumulating which suggest that the stroma compartment is an active participant in tumor onset and/or evolution. In this review we summarize the evidence in favor of this concept, the main mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation and function, as well as the biophysical and biochemical factors possibly involved in epithelial-stroma interactions, using liver carcinoma as main model, in view of achieving a better understanding of tumor progression mechanisms and of tools directed toward stroma as eventual therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Otranto
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
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Xu JF, Liu HY, Shi Y, Wei ZH, Wu Y. Evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma by contrast-enhanced sonography: correlation with pathologic differentiation. J Ultrasound Med 2011; 30:625-633. [PMID: 21527610 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2011.30.5.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether contrast-enhanced sonography can be used to differentiate histopathologic grades of hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS This study included 54 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas. All patients underwent fundamental and contrast-enhanced sonographic examinations. Auto-tracking contrast quantification software was used to determine the contrast arrival time, time to peak, peak intensity, contrast-enhanced time, wash-out time, enhancement slope, and clearance slope of the lesions. All lesions were confirmed by surgery. The hepatocellular carcinoma lesions were divided into 2 groups according to the World Health Organization grading system: group 1 (well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas) and group 2 (moderately to poorly differentiated carcinomas). The enhancement parameters between the groups were compared using a Student t test. RESULTS Fourteen of 20 well-differentiated lesions showed a "fast-in, slow-out" enhancement pattern, whereas 6 showed a "fast-in, fast-out" pattern. Thirty-three of 34 moderately to poorly differentiated lesions showed a fast-in, fast-out pattern, whereas only 1 showed a fast-in, slow-out pattern. The differences in the time to peak, contrast-enhanced time, wash-out time, enhancement slope, and clearance slope between the groups were statistically significant (P < .05), whereas the differences in the arrival time and peak intensity were not significant (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The contrast patterns of well-differentiated and moderately to poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas were quite different on contrast-enhanced sonography. The time to peak, contrast-enhanced time, and wash-out time of the well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas were longer than those of the moderately to poorly differentiated carcinomas, whereas the enhancement slope and clearance slope of the well-differentiated lesions were lower those that of the moderately to poorly differentiated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 518020 Shenzhen, China.
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Koda M, Tokunaga S, Fujise Y, Kato J, Matono T, Sugihara T, Nagahara T, Ueki M, Murawaki Y, Kakite S, Yamashita E. Assessment of ablative margin after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma; comparison between magnetic resonance imaging with ferucarbotran and enhanced CT with iodized oil deposition. Eur J Radiol 2011; 81:1400-4. [PMID: 21440397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Our aim was to investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ferucarbotran administered prior to radiofrequency ablation could accurately assess ablative margin when compared with enhanced computed tomography (CT) with iodized oil marking. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 27 patients with 32 hepatocellular carcinomas in which iodized oil deposits were visible throughout the nodule after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. For these nodules, radiofrequency ablation was performed after ferucarbotran administration. We then performed T2-weighted MRI after 1 week and enhanced CT after 1 month. T2-weighted MRI demonstrated the ablative margin as a low-intensity rim. We classified the margin into three grades; margin (+): high-intensity area with a continuous low-intensity rim; margin zero: high-intensity area with a discontinuous low-intensity rim; and margin (-): high-intensity area extending beyond the low-intensity rim. RESULTS In 28 (86%) of 32 nodules, there was agreement between MRI and CT. The overall agreement between for the two modalities in the assessment of ablative margin was good (κ=0.759, 95% confidence interval: 0.480-1.000, p<0.001). In four nodules, ablative margins on MRI were underestimated by one grade compared with CT. CONCLUSION MRI using ferucarbotran is less invasive and allows earlier assessment than CT. The MRI technique performed similarly to enhanced CT with iodized oil marking in evaluating the ablative margin after radiofrequency ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Koda
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.
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Tokunaga S, Koda M, Matono T, Sugihara T, Nagahara T, Ueki M, Murawaki Y, Kakite S, Yamashita E. Assessment of ablative margin by MRI with ferucarbotran in radiofrequency ablation for liver cancer: comparison with enhanced CT. Br J Radiol 2011; 85:745-52. [PMID: 21385915 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/64518148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine whether ablated liver parenchyma surrounding a tumour can be assessed by MRI with ferucarbotran administered prior to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) compared with enhanced CT. METHODS 55 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in 42 patients and 5 metastatic liver cancers in 3 patients were treated by RFA after ferucarbotran administration. We then performed T(2)* weighted MRI after 1 week and enhanced CT after 1 month. T(2)* weighted MRI demonstrated the ablated parenchyma as a low-intensity rim around the high intensity of the ablated tumour in these cases. The assessment was allocated to one of three grades: margin (+), high-intensity area with continuous low-intensity rim; margin zero, high-intensity area with discontinuous low-intensity rim; and margin (-), high-intensity area extending beyond the low-intensity rim. RESULTS Margin (+), margin zero and margin (-) were found in 17, 35 and 5 nodules, respectively. All 17 nodules with margin (+) and 13 of those with margin zero were assessed as having sufficient ablative margins on CT. The remaining 22 nodules with margin zero had insufficient margins on CT. The overall agreement between MRI and CT for the diagnosis of the ablative margin was moderate (κ = 0.507, p < 0.001). No local recurrence was found in 15 HCC nodules with margin (+), whereas local recurrence was found in 4 (11.8%) out of 34 HCC nodules with margin zero. CONCLUSION Administration of ferucarbotran before RFA enables the ablative margin to be visualised as a low-intensity rim, and also enables the evaluation of the ablative margin to be made earlier and more easily than with enhanced CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tokunaga
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Mandai M, Koda M, Matono T, Nagahara T, Sugihara T, Ueki M, Ohyama K, Murawaki Y. Assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma by contrast-enhanced ultrasound with perfluorobutane microbubbles: comparison with dynamic CT. Br J Radiol 2010; 84:499-507. [PMID: 20959373 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/38682601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate tumour vascularity and Kupffer cell imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid (perfluorobutane) and to compare performance with dynamic CT. METHODS We studied 118 nodules in 88 patients with HCC. HCC was diagnosed as a hyperenhancement lesion in the arterial phase with washout in the portal phase on dynamic CT or by percutaneous biopsy. We observed tumour vascularity at the early vascular phase (10-30 s after contrast injection) and Kupffer imaging at the post-vascular phase (after 10 min). RESULTS Detection of vascularity at the early vascular phase was 88% in nodules that were found to be hypervascular on dynamic CT and 28% in hypo-/isovascular nodules; the detection of local recurrence nodules was 92%. The detection of vascularity was significantly lower in nodules >9 cm deep than in those ≤9 cm deep, but was not affected by tumour size. The detection of tumours at the post-vascular phase on CEUS was 83% in nodules with low density in the portal phase on dynamic CT and 82% in nodules with isodensity. The rate did not depend on the severity of underlying liver disease; rates decreased in nodules deeper than 9 cm, those smaller than 2 cm in diameter and in iso-enhancing nodules at the early vascular phase of CEUS. CONCLUSION CEUS with Sonazoid is a useful tool for assessing the vascularity of HCC and is equal to that of dynamic CT; however, the detectability of HCC vascularity is affected by location.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mandai
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
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Roy DN, Sen G, Chowdhury KD, Biswas T. Combination therapy with andrographolide and d-penicillamine enhanced therapeutic advantage over monotherapy with d-penicillamine in attenuating fibrogenic response and cell death in the periportal zone of liver in rats during copper toxicosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 250:54-68. [PMID: 20946909 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Long treatment regime with d-penicillamine is needed before it can exert clinically meaningful benefits in the treatment of copper toxicosis. The consequence of long-term d-penicillamine treatment is associated with numerous side effects. The limitations of d-penicillamine monotherapy prompted us to search for more effective treatment strategies that could decrease the duration of d-penicillamine therapy. The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of d-penicillamine in combination with another hepatoprotective drug, andrographolide in treatment of copper toxicosis in rats. d-penicillamine treatment led to the excretion of copper through urine. Addition of andrographolide to d-penicillamine regime appeared to increase protection of liver by increasing the biliary excretion of copper and reduction in cholestatic injury. The early removal of the causative agent copper during combination treatment was the most effective therapeutic intervention that contributed to the early rectification of fibrosis in liver. Combination treatment reduced Kupffer cells accumulation and TNFα production in liver of copper exposed rats. In particular, andrographolide mediated the anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the cytokine production. However, another possible mechanism of cytoprotection of andrographolide was decreasing mitochondrial production of superoxide anions that resulted in better restoration of mitochondrial dysfunction during combination therapy than monotherapy. Furthermore, ROS inhibition by combination regimen resulted in significant decline in activation of caspase cascade. Inhibition of caspases attenuated apoptosis of hepatocytes, induced by chronic copper exposure. In summary, this study suggested that added benefit of combination treatment over use of either agent alone in alleviating the hepatotoxicity and fibrosis associated with copper toxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijendra Nath Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, A Unit of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Yu DC, Chen J, Sun XT, Zhuang LY, Jiang CP, Ding YT. Mechanism of endothelial progenitor cell recruitment into neo-vessels in adjacent non-tumor tissues in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:435. [PMID: 20716344 PMCID: PMC2936325 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the distribution and clinical significance of mobilized endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that many more EPCs were recruited to nonmalignant liver tissue (especially into adjacent non-tumor tissues (AT)) than to tumor vessels. These results suggest that the mechanism underlying the recruitment of EPCs into microvessels in AT merits further investigation Methods Angiogenic factors were detected in three tissue microarrays comprising normal liver, paired tumor tissue (TT) and AT from 105 patients (who had undergone hepatectomy for HCC) using immunohistochemistry. Also, the number of EPCs (positive for Sca-1, Flk-1 and c-Kit) in the blood and liver of cirrhotic mice were determined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The distribution of these labeled EPCs in tumor and non-tumor tissues was then studied. Results The results from the tissue microarrays showed that the expression levels of VEGF-A, bFGF, TGF-β, MCP-1, TSP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and endostatin were significantly higher in AT than in either normal liver or TT (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in the expression levels of COX-2 and NOS-2 between AT and TT. The expression of VEGF-A, bFGF, TGF-β, MCP-1, TSP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, endostatin, COX-2, and NOS-2 in normal liver tissue was weaker than that in AT or TT. In cirrhotic mice, the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells gradually increased, before decreasing again. In this mouse model, increased numbers of EPCs were recruited and homed specifically to the cirrhotic liver. Conclusions Both liver cirrhosis and HCC led to increased expression of pro-angiogenic factors, which resulted in the recruitment of EPCs into AT. Also, EPCs were mobilized, recruited and homed to cirrhotic liver. The unique pathology of HCC coupled with liver cirrhosis may, therefore, be associated with the distribution and function of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-cai Yu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yu DC, Chen J, Ding YT. Hypoxic and highly angiogenic non-tumor tissues surrounding hepatocellular carcinoma: the 'niche' of endothelial progenitor cells. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2901-9. [PMID: 21152281 PMCID: PMC2996747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11082901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous investigations showed that mobilized endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are enriched in non-tumor tissues (NT) surrounding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compared to in tumor tissues (TT). This particular recruitment of EPCs is worth investigating further. The mobilization, recruitment, homing, and incorporation of EPCs into tumors require the participation of multiple factors, including angiogenic factors, adherent molecules, endothelial cells, hypoxic environment, etc. Therefore, we hypothesized that NT might be a hypoxic and highly angiogenic area, into which many more EPCs are recruited and homed. In the last three years, we evaluated the hypoxic condition, angiogenic factors and angiogenic index using frozen tissues or tissue microarrays from 105 patients who had undergone hepatectomy for HCC, and here we review our results and the studies of others. All results showed the expression of Hypoxiainducible factor-1α was higher in NT than in TT. The expression of VEGFA, bFGF, TGF-β, MCP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and endostatin in NT was significantly higher than in normal liver and TT. Meanwhile, the expression of CD105—the surface marker of activated endothelial cells—was also higher in NT than in TT at the protein and mRNA levels. These investigations showed that NT is a hypoxic and highly angiogenic area, which may be the ‘niche’ of EPCs. The particular background in HCC may be related to liver cirrhosis. Therefore, non-tumor tissues surrounding HCC may be the ‘niche’ of endothelial progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Cai Yu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; E-Mail:
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; E-Mail:
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Tao Ding
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; E-Mail:
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; E-Mail:
- * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-25-833-046-16, ext. 66866; Fax: +86-25-833-170-16
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NAKAMURA KENSUKE, TAKAGI SATOSHI, SASAKI NOBORU, BANDULA KUMARA WICKRAMASEKARARAJAPAKSHAGE, MURAKAMI MASAHIRO, OHTA HIROSHI, YAMASAKI MASAHIRO, TAKIGUCHI MITSUYOSHI. CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF CANINE FOCAL LIVER LESIONS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:79-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Takai H, Kato A, Kato C, Watanabe T, Matsubara K, Suzuki M, Kataoka H. The expression profile of glypican-3 and its relation to macrophage population in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2009; 29:1056-64. [PMID: 19141032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glypican-3 (GPC3) is frequently upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Analysis of GPC3-deficient mice implies GPC3 involvement in macrophage-lineage cells. AIM In this study, we first assessed the association of GPC3 expression with the macrophage population in liver tissues from 30 HCC patients using immunohistochemistry. METHODS The GPC3 expression was categorized into three patterns - one with GPC3-negative staining and two with GPC3-positive staining (one with unclear membrane staining and one with clear membrane staining, designated GPC3+/C). The number of macrophages that were stained with resident macrophage (rMvarphi) or pan-macrophage (pMvarphi) markers was counted for each GPC3 expression pattern. RESULTS GPC3 immunoreactivity was observed in 76.7% of the HCC specimens. No significant differences were observed in the number of rMvarphi marker-positive cells among the three expression patterns. In contrast, the GPC3+/C pattern showed a significantly higher number of pMvarphi-positive cells compared with the other two patterns, most of which tended to take on the morphology of migrating macrophages. A second experiment conducted to compare macrophage infiltration between the xenograft tissues of a GPC3-transfected HCC cell line and its parent GPC3-nonexpressing cell line revealed that the increase in macrophages was stimulated by membrane expression of GPC3. CONCLUSION The observations suggest that the increased macrophages in the GPC3+/C pattern are likely to be recruited macrophages, not resident macrophages, and that the expression of GPC3 in the membrane is involved in macrophage recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Takai
- Safety Assessment Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Zhu XD, Zhang JB, Zhuang PY, Zhu HG, Zhang W, Xiong YQ, Wu WZ, Wang L, Tang ZY, Sun HC. High Expression of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Peritumoral Liver Tissue Is Associated With Poor Survival After Curative Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:2707-16. [PMID: 18509183 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.15.6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate prognostic values of the intratumoral and peritumoral expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after curative resection. Patients and Methods Expression of M-CSF and density of macrophages (MΦ) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing paired tumor and peritumoral liver tissue from 105 patients who had undergone hepatectomy for histologically proven HCC. Prognostic value of these and other clinicopathologic factors was evaluated. Results Neither intratumoral M-CSF nor MΦ density was associated with overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). High peritumoral M-CSF and MΦ density, which correlated with large tumor size, presence of intrahepatic metastasis, and high TNM stage, were independent prognostic factors for both OS (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively) and DFS (P = .001 and P = .003, respectively) and affected incidence of early recurrence. In a small HCC subset, peritumoral M-CSF was also correlated with both OS and DFS (P = .038 and P = .001, respectively). The combination of peritumoral M-CSF and MΦ had a better power to predict the patients' death and disease recurrence (P < .001 for both). Conclusion High peritumoral M-CSF and MΦ were associated with HCC progression, disease recurrence, and poor survival after hepatectomy, highlighting the importance of peritumoral tissue in the recurrence and metastasis of HCC. M-CSF and MΦ may be targets of postoperative adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Zhu
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Bo Zhang
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Yuan Zhuang
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Guang Zhu
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Quan Xiong
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wu
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-You Tang
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chuan Sun
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Monnier J, Piquet-Pellorce C, Feige JJ, Musso O, Clément B, Turlin B, Théret N, Samson M. Prokineticin 2/Bv8 is expressed in Kupffer cells in liver and is down regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:1182-91. [PMID: 18300343 PMCID: PMC2690665 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the implication of prokineticin 1 (PK1/EG-VEGF) and prokineticin 2 (PK2/Bv8) in hepatocellular carcinoma angiogenesis.
METHODS: The gene induction of PK1/EG-VEGF and PK2/Bv8 was investigated in 10 normal, 28 fibrotic and 28 tumoral livers by using real time PCR. Their expression was compared to the expression of VEGF (an angiogenesis marker), vWF (an endothelial cell marker) and to CD68 (a monocyte/macrophage marker). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of PK1/EG-VEGF, PK2/Bv8, prokineticin receptor 1 and 2 were evaluated by real time PCR in isolated liver cell populations. Finally, PK2/Bv8 protein was detected in normal liver paraffin sections and in isolated liver cells by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry.
RESULTS: PK2/Bv8 mRNA but not PK1/EG-VEGF was expressed in all types of normal liver samples examined. In the context of liver tumor development, we reported that PK2/Bv8 correlates only with CD68 and showed a significant decrease in expression as the pathology evolves towards cancer. Whereas, VEGF and vWF mRNA were significantly upregulated in both fibrosis and HCC, as expected. In addition, out of all isolated liver cells examined, only Kupffer cells (liver resident macrophages) express significant levels of PK2/Bv8 and its receptors, prokineticin receptor 1 and 2.
CONCLUSION: In normal liver PK2/Bv8 and its receptors were specifically expressed by Kupffer cells. PK2/Bv8 expression decreased as the liver evolves towards cancer and did not correlate with HCC angiogenesis.
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Kruskal JB, Azouz A, Korideck H, El-Hallak M, Robson SC, Thomas P, Goldberg SN. Hepatic colorectal cancer metastases: imaging initial steps of formation in mice. Radiology 2007; 243:703-11. [PMID: 17431127 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2432060604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively use optical imaging to study the cell-specific mechanisms of entrapment and subsequent growth of two human colon cancer cell lines differing in their propensity to form hepatic metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this Animal Care Committee-approved study, intravital optical imaging was performed in exteriorized livers of three groups of mice after intrasplenic inoculation of human colon cancer cells. Group 1 mice (control group; n=12) received a cell-maintaining solution only. Groups 2 and 3 (n=12 in each) were administered poorly (MIP-101 colon cancer cells) or highly (CX-1 colon cancer cells) metastatic cells. Imaging was performed on postinoculation days 0, 1, 3, and 6 to document sites and mechanisms of tumor cell entrapment and presence and sites of endothelial cell activation and of tumor cell interactions with systemic macrophages and Kupffer cells. Fluorescence intensity of Kupffer cells was compared by using the Mann-Whitney test. Immunohistochemistry served as the reference standard for all in vivo observations. RESULTS Whereas both MIP-101 and CX-1 colon cancer cells adhered to periportal Kupffer cells, the CX-1 cells resulted in Kupffer cell activation, evidenced in vivo by increased visible peroxidase activity (P<.05). Only CX-1 cells were associated with subsequent downstream endothelial cell activation, evidenced by in vivo expression of E-selectin. By day 6, regression of periportal MIP-101 tumor growth correlated with ingrowth of systemic macrophages, while CX-1 tumor growth, originating in the outflow venous regions, correlated with translobular migration and ingrowth of activated Kupffer cells. CONCLUSION Formation of hepatic colon cancer metastases is cancer cell-type specific, with cell lines differing in their mechanisms and intrahepatic locations of initial entrapment and Kupffer cell activation and subsequent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Kruskal
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, West Clinical Center-CC302B, 1 Deaconess Rd, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Abstract
Epithelial cells are known to release an important amount of cytokines capable to modulate immune system functions. On the other hand, immune system cells can release cytokines, which play an important role in the control of the growth of epithelial cells. In this paper, we stand the hypothesis that a mutual (reciprocal) growth regulation exists between epithelial cells and immune system. We propose a model describing plausible cytokine circuits that may regulate (inhibit) both epithelial growth and epithelial inflammation. In addition, we describe how dysfunction of these circuits could lead to tumoral growth, excessive inflammation or both. A failure in the regulation of epithelial growth by the immune system could give rise to a neoplasm, and a failure in the regulation of the immune system by the epithelium could give rise to inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. This model may satisfactorily explain the link between inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rodríguez-Molinero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Ogawa S, Kumada T, Toyoda H, Ichikawa H, Kawachi T, Otobe K, Hibi T, Takeshima K, Kiriyama S, Sone Y, Tanikawa M, Hisanaga Y, Yamaguchi A, Isogai M, Kaneoka Y, Washizu J. Evaluation of pathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: comparison with pathology on resected specimen. Eur J Radiol 2006; 59:74-81. [PMID: 16545532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) observed by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) were compared to pathological features of corresponding resected HCC specimens, to evaluate the ability of CEUS to depict the pathological features of HCC. We investigated 50 HCC nodules that were treated by surgical resection. All nodules had been examined by CEUS with intravenous contrast agent (Levovist) before surgery. CEUS findings were divided into three phases for evaluation and classification of enhancement patterns: two vascular phases (arterial phase and portal venous phase) and the delayed phase. Pathological examination focused on differentiation and on the presence or absence of a tumor capsule, intratumoral septum, and intratumoral necrosis. All 21 nodules that showed a linear or annular vessel around the tumor margin in the arterial phase had capsular formation. Of the 27 nodules that showed heterogeneous perfusion in the portal venous phase, 21 (77.8%) had an intratumoral septum and 23 (85.2%) showed intratumoral necrosis. All nodules that were depicted as a defect with an unclear margin in the delayed phase were well-differentiated HCCs, whereas all nodules that were depicted as a defect with a clear margin were moderately or poorly differentiated HCCs. From our observations, the arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases of CEUS could reflect different pathological aspects of HCC. Some pathological characteristics of HCC might be evaluated preoperatively and non-invasively, by means of combined analysis of three phases of CEUS findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanobu Ogawa
- Department of Imaging Diagnosis, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
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Abstract
Ultrastructure of Kupffer cells and hepatocytes in liver bioptate was evaluated in a 17-year-old boy with Dubin–Johnson syndrome (DJS). The liver tissue obtained by needle biopsy was fixed in glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde and routinely processed for electron microscopic analysis. The ultrastructural examinations of liver bioptate revealed the accumulation of membrane-bound, electron-dense lysosomal granules within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, characteristic of DJS. They were located mainly in the vicinity of the biliary pole, and preferentially in the centrilobular region that corresponded to the pigment deposits seen under light microscope. The presence of the granules was accompanied by dilated elements of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and paracrystalline mitochondrial inclusions as well as dilation of the bile canaliculi. The changes in hepatocytes co-existed with marked stimulation and enhanced phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells. This was manifested in the accumulation of pigment deposits within their cytoplasm that corresponded to those observed in hepatocytes. Hyperactive pericentral Kupffer cells which are involved in the response to pigmentary material originating from disintegrated hepatocytes may play an essential role in the development of DJS.
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Piao JH, Jin JS, Cui JS, Piao DM. Distribution of Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells in dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:2138-2141. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i17.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the distribution and significance of Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in dimethylnitrosamine(DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
METHODS: Rat liver fibrosis was induced by peritoneal injection of DMN (10 g/L) for 4 wk. The activities of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), the contents of total proteins (TP), the ratio of liver/body weight and the area density of collagenous fiber were examined 4 and 7 wk after injection. Meanwhile, the pathological changes of the liver tissues were observed under light microscope. The expression of ED1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by immunohistochemical SP method.
RESULTS: Compared with those in the control group, the levels of ALT and AST were significantly elevated 4 and 7 wk after injection (4 wk: 1201.91±215.04, 5741.15±1000.20 nkat/L vs 398.91±106.35, 1365.27±435.09 nkat/L, P <0.01; 7 wk: 745.15±413.42, 2355.47±1418.62 nkat/L vs 289.72±43.01, 1018.54±215.04 nkat/L, P <0.05). TP content was significantly decreased 4 wk after injection (50.32±9.81 g/L vs 69.67±6.09 g/L, P <0.01), but returned to normal after 7 wk. The ratio of liver/body weight was decreased (4 wk: 2.156±0.539% vs 2.950±0.147%, P <0.01; 7 wk: 2.250±0.638% vs 2.863±0.158%, P <0.01), but the area density of collagenous fiber was increased 4 and 7 wk after injection (9.90±1.93% vs 1.27±0.28%, P <0.01; 9.20±0.97% vs 1.46±0.67%, P <0.01). Diffuse cirrhosis was observed in most model rats after 4 wk and it was still significant after 7 wk. The ED1 and α-SMA positive cells aggregated prominently in the fibrotic tissue and septa in the model rats.
CONCLUSION: DMN induces obviously liver disfunction and diffuse cirrhosis in rats, and KCs are closely associated with the activation of HSCs.
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