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Kanagaratham C, Derakhshan T, El Ansari YS, Furiness KN, Hollers E, Keldsen M, Oettgen HC, Dwyer DF. IgG:FcγRIIb signals block effector programs of IgE:FcεRI-activated mast cells but spare survival pathways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:453-468. [PMID: 37030590 PMCID: PMC10524869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-induced mast cell (MC) degranulation can be inhibited by IgG antibodies, signaling via FcγRIIb, but the effects of IgG on IgE-induced MC transcription are unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess inhibitory IgG:FcγRIIb effects on MC responses to IgE using complementary transcriptomic and functional approaches. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on bone marrow-derived MCs from wild-type and FcγRIIb-deficient mice to identify genes activated following IgE receptor crosslinking that were further modulated in the presence of antigen-specific IgG in an FcγRIIb-dependent fashion. Parallel analyses of signaling pathways and allergic responses in vivo were performed to assess the impact of these changes in gene expression. RESULTS Rapid changes in the transcription of 879 genes occurred in MCs activated by IgE, peaking at 1 hour. Surprisingly, only 12% of these were altered by IgG signaling via FcγRIIb, including numerous transcripts involved in orchestrating type 2 responses linked to spleen tyrosine kinase signaling. Consistent with this finding, IgG suppressed IgE-induced phospho-intermediates in the spleen tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. In vivo studies confirmed that the IgG-mediated suppression of both systemic anaphylaxis and MC-driven tissue recruitment of inflammatory cells following allergen challenge was dependent on FcγRIIb. In contrast, genes in the STAT5a cell survival pathway were unaltered by IgG, and STAT5a phosphorylation increased after IgE-induced MC activation but was unaffected by IgG. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that inhibitory IgG:FcγRIIb signals block an IgE-induced proallergic program but spare a prosurvival program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kanagaratham
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tahereh Derakhshan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Yasmeen S El Ansari
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Eleanor Hollers
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Mats Keldsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Daniel F Dwyer
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Chang HW, Sim KH, Lee YJ. Thalidomide Attenuates Mast Cell Activation by Upregulating SHP-1 Signaling and Interfering with the Action of CRBN. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030469. [PMID: 36766811 PMCID: PMC9914299 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is a chronic inflammatory disease, and its incidence has increased worldwide in recent years. Thalidomide, which was initially used as an anti-emetic drug but was withdrawn due to its teratogenic effects, is now used to treat blood cancers. Although the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of thalidomide have been reported, little is known about its influence on the mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-allergic activity of thalidomide and the underlying mechanism using mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mouse models. Thalidomide markedly decreased the degranulation and release of lipid mediators and cytokines in IgE/Ag-stimulated BMMCs, with concurrent inhibition of FcεRI-mediated positive signaling pathways including Syk and activation of negative signaling pathways including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SH2 tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). The knockdown of AMPK or SHP-1 with specific siRNA diminished the inhibitory effects of thalidomide on BMMC activation. By contrast, the knockdown of cereblon (CRBN), which is the primary target protein of thalidomide, augmented the effects of thalidomide. Thalidomide reduced the interactions of CRBN with Syk and AMPK promoted by FcεRI crosslinking, thereby relieving the suppression of AMPK signaling and suppressing Syk signaling. Furthermore, oral thalidomide treatment suppressed the PCA reaction in mice. In conclusion, thalidomide suppresses FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation by activating the AMPK and SHP-1 pathways and antagonizing the action of CRBN, indicating that it is a potential anti-allergic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeun-Wook Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwa Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Varone A, Amoruso C, Monti M, Patheja M, Greco A, Auletta L, Zannetti A, Corda D. The phosphatase Shp1 interacts with and dephosphorylates cortactin to inhibit invadopodia function. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:64. [PMID: 34088320 PMCID: PMC8176763 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invadopodia are actin-based cell-membrane protrusions associated with the extracellular matrix degradation accompanying cancer invasion. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms leading to invadopodia formation and activity is central for the prevention of tumor spreading and growth. Protein tyrosine kinases such as Src are known to regulate invadopodia assembly, little is however known on the role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in this process. Among these enzymes, we have selected the tyrosine phosphatase Shp1 to investigate its potential role in invadopodia assembly, due to its involvement in cancer development. METHODS Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies were employed to identify novel substrate/s of Shp1AQ controlling invadopodia activity. The phosphorylation level of cortactin, the Shp1 substrate identified in this study, was assessed by immunoprecipitation, in vitro phosphatase and western blot assays. Short interference RNA and a catalytically-dead mutant of Shp1 expressed in A375MM melanoma cells were used to evaluate the role of the specific Shp1-mediated dephosphorylation of cortactin. The anti-invasive proprieties of glycerophosphoinositol, that directly binds and regulates Shp1, were investigated by extracellular matrix degradation assays and in vivo mouse model of metastasis. RESULTS The data show that Shp1 was recruited to invadopodia and promoted the dephosphorylation of cortactin at tyrosine 421, leading to an attenuated capacity of melanoma cancer cells to degrade the extracellular matrix. Controls included the use of short interference RNA and catalytically-dead mutant that prevented the dephosphorylation of cortactin and hence the decrease the extracellular matrix degradation by melanoma cells. In addition, the phosphoinositide metabolite glycerophosphoinositol facilitated the localization of Shp1 at invadopodia hence promoting cortactin dephosphorylation. This impaired invadopodia function and tumor dissemination both in vitro and in an in vivo model of melanomas. CONCLUSION The main finding here reported is that cortactin is a specific substrate of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp1 and that its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation affects invadopodia formation and, as a consequence, the ability of melanoma cells to invade the extracellular matrix. Shp1 can thus be considered as a regulator of melanoma cell invasiveness and a potential target for antimetastatic drugs. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Varone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Amoruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Monti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Manpreet Patheja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Interdipartimental Center of Veterinary Radiology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Auletta
- IRCCS SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80142 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Tommaso De Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Mast cells and IgE are most familiar as the effectors of type I hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis. It is becoming clear however that this pair has important immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive cells of the immune system. In this purview, they act as endogenous adjuvants to ignite evolving immune responses, promote the transition of allergic disease into chronic illness and disrupt the development of active mechanisms of tolerance to ingested foods. Suppression of IgE-mediated mast cell activation can be exerted by molecules targeting IgE, FcɛRI or signaling kinases including Syk, or by IgG antibodies acting via inhibitory Fcγ receptors. In 2015 we reviewed the evidence for the adjuvant functions of mast cells. This update includes the original text, incorporates some important developments in the field over the past five years and discusses how interventions targeting these pathways might have promise in the development of strategies to treat allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen S El Ansari
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Cynthia Kanagaratham
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Owen L Lewis
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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5
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Deng Y, Jin F, Li X, Park SJ, Chang JH, Kim DY, Kim JA, Nam JW, Choi H, Lee YJ, Chang HW. Sauchinone suppresses FcεRI-mediated mast cell signaling and anaphylaxis through regulation of LKB1/AMPK axis and SHP-1-Syk signaling module. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Varone A, Mariggiò S, Patheja M, Maione V, Varriale A, Vessichelli M, Spano D, Formiggini F, Lo Monte M, Brancati N, Frucci M, Del Vecchio P, D'Auria S, Flagiello A, Iannuzzi C, Luini A, Pucci P, Banci L, Valente C, Corda D. A signalling cascade involving receptor-activated phospholipase A 2, glycerophosphoinositol 4-phosphate, Shp1 and Src in the activation of cell motility. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:20. [PMID: 30823936 PMCID: PMC6396489 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shp1, a tyrosine-phosphatase-1 containing the Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain, is involved in inflammatory and immune reactions, where it regulates diverse signalling pathways, usually by limiting cell responses through dephosphorylation of target molecules. Moreover, Shp1 regulates actin dynamics. One Shp1 target is Src, which controls many cellular functions including actin dynamics. Src has been previously shown to be activated by a signalling cascade initiated by the cytosolic-phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) metabolite glycerophosphoinositol 4-phosphate (GroPIns4P), which enhances actin polymerisation and motility. While the signalling cascade downstream Src has been fully defined, the mechanism by which GroPIns4P activates Src remains unknown. Methods Affinity chromatography, mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation studies were employed to identify the GroPIns4P-interactors; among these Shp1 was selected for further analysis. The specific Shp1 residues interacting with GroPIns4P were revealed by NMR and validated by site-directed mutagenesis and biophysical methods such as circular dichroism, isothermal calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance and computational modelling. Morphological and motility assays were performed in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Results We find that Shp1 is the direct cellular target of GroPIns4P. GroPIns4P directly binds to the Shp1-SH2 domain region (with the crucial residues being Ser 118, Arg 138 and Ser 140) and thereby promotes the association between Shp1 and Src, and the dephosphorylation of the Src-inhibitory phosphotyrosine in position 530, resulting in Src activation. As a consequence, fibroblast cells exposed to GroPIns4P show significantly enhanced wound healing capability, indicating that GroPIns4P has a stimulatory role to activate fibroblast migration. GroPIns4P is produced by cPLA2 upon stimulation by diverse receptors, including the EGF receptor. Indeed, endogenously-produced GroPIns4P was shown to mediate the EGF-induced cell motility. Conclusions This study identifies a so-far undescribed mechanism of Shp1/Src modulation that promotes cell motility and that is dependent on the cPLA2 metabolite GroPIns4P. We show that GroPIns4P is required for EGF-induced fibroblast migration and that it is part of a cPLA2/GroPIns4P/Shp1/Src cascade that might have broad implications for studies of immune-inflammatory response and cancer. ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0329-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Varone
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Manpreet Patheja
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maione
- Magnetic Resonance Centre (CERM), University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonio Varriale
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Mariangela Vessichelli
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Formiggini
- Italian Institute of Technology, Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care at CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Lo Monte
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Brancati
- Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Frucci
- Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pompea Del Vecchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabato D'Auria
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Angela Flagiello
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Clara Iannuzzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Pucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Centre (CERM), University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Sakurai T, Higashitsuji H, Kashida H, Watanabe T, Komeda Y, Nagai T, Hagiwara S, Kitano M, Nishida N, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Itoh K, Fujita J, Kudo M. The oncoprotein gankyrin promotes the development of colitis-associated cancer through activation of STAT3. Oncotarget 2017; 8:24762-76. [PMID: 28160571 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although long-standing colonic inflammation due to refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) promotes the development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), the molecular mechanisms accounting for the development of CAC remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of gankyrin in the development of CAC since gankyrin is overexpressed in sporadic colorectal cancers. We analyzed gene expression of colon tissues obtained from 344 patients with IBD and CAC and found that expression of gankyrin was much higher in colonic mucosa of patients with refractory IBD than in those with IBD in remission. Expression of gankyrin was upregulated in inflammatory cells as well as tumor cells in colonic mucosa of patients with CAC. Over-expressing studies utilizing tagged ganlyrin-cDNA identified physical interaction between ganlyrin and Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). Importantly, the interaction between ganlyrin and SHP-1 leads to inhibition of STAT3 activation and to enhancement of TNF-α and IL-17 in inflammatory cells. To further address the role of gankyrin in the development of CAC, we created mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific gankyrin ablation (Vil-Cre;Gankyrinf/f) and deletion of gankyrin in myeloid and epithelial cells (Mx1-Cre;Gankyrinf/f). Gankyrin deficiency in myeloid cells, but not in epithelial cells, reduced the activity of mitogen activated protein kinase and the expression of stem cell markers, leading to attenuated tumorigenic potential. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of CAC and suggest that gankyrin is a promising target for developing therapeutic and preventive strategies against CAC.
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Li X, Kwon O, Kim DY, Taketomi Y, Murakami M, Chang HW. NecroX-5 suppresses IgE/Ag-stimulated anaphylaxis and mast cell activation by regulating the SHP-1-Syk signaling module. Allergy 2016; 71:198-209. [PMID: 26456627 DOI: 10.1111/all.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE/Ag-stimulated mast cells release various pro-allergic inflammatory mediators, including histamine, eicosanoids, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. NecroX-5, a cell permeable necrosis inhibitor, showed cytoprotective effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. However, the anti-allergic effect of NecroX-5 has not yet been investigated. The aims of this study were to evaluate the anti-allergic activity of NecroX-5 in vivo and to investigate the underlying mechanism in vitro. METHODS The anti-allergic activity of NecroX-5 was evaluated in vitro using bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and IgE receptor-bearing RBL-2H3 or KU812 cells and in vivo using a mouse model of passive anaphylaxis. The levels of histamine, eicosanoids (PGD2 and LTC4 ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. The mechanism underlying the action of NecroX-5 was investigated using immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and gene knockdown techniques. RESULTS NecroX-5 markedly inhibited mast cell degranulation and the synthesis of eicosanoids, TNF-α, and IL-6 by suppressing the activation of Syk, LAT, phospholipase Cγ1, MAP kinases, the Akt/NF-κB pathway, and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization via the activation of phosphatase SHP-1. Oral administration of NecroX-5 effectively suppressed mast cell-dependent passive cutaneous and systemic anaphylactic reactions in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS NecroX-5 might be a potential candidate for the development of a novel anti-allergic agent that suppresses IgE-dependent mast cells signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Li
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk Korea
| | - O. Kwon
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk Korea
| | - D. Y. Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk Korea
| | - Y. Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. W. Chang
- College of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk Korea
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10
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Abstract
For a time, mast cells were viewed as simple granulocytic effector cells that mediate allergic symptoms. More recent discoveries show that mast cells can also function as potent pro- and anti-inflammatory immune regulators in a plethora of human diseases. Much of the current knowledge about mast cell functions comes from studies on rodent models. The membrane receptors for antigen/IgE and growth factors are the core initiators of signaling cascades that trigger various mast cell responses. Yet, the regulation and multifunctionality of key receptor-proximal protein tyrosine phosphorylation events are still not well understood. The roles of the members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily of enzymes in regulating mast cell development, survival, and immune activation will be reviewed in this chapter.
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Kimura Y, Chihara K, Honjoh C, Takeuchi K, Yamauchi S, Yoshiki H, Fujieda S, Sada K. Dectin-1-mediated signaling leads to characteristic gene expressions and cytokine secretion via spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in rat mast cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31565-75. [PMID: 25246527 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.581322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dectin-1 recognizes β-glucan and plays important roles for the antifungal immunity through the activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in dendritic cells or macrophages. Recently, expression of Dectin-1 was also identified in human and mouse mast cells, although its physiological roles were largely unknown. In this report, rat mast cell line RBL-2H3 was analyzed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Dectin-1-mediated activation and responses of mast cells. Treatment of cells with Dectin-1-specific agonist curdlan induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and the interaction of Dectin-1 with the Src homology 2 domain of Syk. These responses depended on tyrosine phosphorylation of the hemi-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif in the cytoplasmic tail of Dectin-1, whereas they were independent of the γ-subunit of high-affinity IgE receptor. DNA microarray and real-time PCR analyses showed that Dectin-1-mediated signaling stimulated gene expression of transcription factor Nfkbiz and inflammatory cytokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The response was abrogated by pretreatment with Syk inhibitor R406. These results suggest that Syk is critical for Dectin-1-mediated activation of mast cells, although the signaling differs from that triggered by FcϵRI activation. In addition, these gene expressions induced by curdlan stimulation were specifically observed in mast cells, suggesting that Dectin-1-mediated signaling of mast cells offers new insight into the antifungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Kimura
- From the Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and
| | - Kazuyasu Chihara
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Chisato Honjoh
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, and
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shota Yamauchi
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Yoshiki
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- From the Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- the Division of Genome Science and Microbiology, Department of Pathological Sciences, and the Organization for Life Science Advancement Programs, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Motohashi S, Koizumi K, Honda R, Maruyama A, Palmer HEF, Mashima K. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-PEST (PTP-PEST) regulates mast cell-activating signals in PTP activity-dependent and -independent manners. Cell Immunol 2014; 289:128-34. [PMID: 24791697 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) in mast cells leads to degranulation and production of numerous cytokines and lipid mediators that promote allergic inflammation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in response to FcεRI aggregation has been implicated in mast cell activation. Here, we determined the role of PTP-PEST (encoded by PTPN12) in the regulation of mast cell activation using the RBL-2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cell line as a model. PTP-PEST expression was significantly induced upon FcεRI-crosslinking, and aggregation of FcεRI induced the phosphorylation of PTP-PEST at Ser39, thus resulting in the suppression of PTP activity. By overexpressing a phosphatase-dead mutant (PTP-PEST CS) and a constitutively active mutant (PTP-PEST SA) in RBL-2H3 cells, we showed that PTP-PEST decreased degranulation and enhanced IL-4 and IL-13 transcription in FcεRI-crosslinked RBL-2H3 cells, but PTP activity of PTP-PEST was not necessary for this regulation. However, FcεRI-induced TNF-α transcription was increased by the overexpression of PTP-PEST SA and suppressed by the overexpression of PTP-PEST CS. Taken together, these results suggest that PTP-PEST is involved in the regulation of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation through at least two different processes represented by PTP activity-dependent and -independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Motohashi
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Karen Koizumi
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Reika Honda
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Maruyama
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Helen E F Palmer
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan; Life Science Research Center, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mashima
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan; Life Science Research Center, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
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13
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Logan MA, Hackett R, Doherty J, Sheehan A, Speese SD, Freeman MR. Negative regulation of glial engulfment activity by Draper terminates glial responses to axon injury. Nat Neurosci 2012; 15:722-30. [PMID: 22426252 PMCID: PMC3337949 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal injury elicits potent cellular responses from glia, but molecular pathways modulating glial activation, phagocytic function, and termination of reactive responses remain poorly defined. Here we show that positive or negative regulation of glial reponses to axon injury are molecularly encoded by unique isoforms of the Drosophila engulfment receptor Draper. Draper-I promotes engulfment of axonal debris through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). In contrast, Draper-II, an alternative splice variant, potently inhibits glial engulfment function. Draper-II suppresses Draper-I signaling through a novel immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-like domain and the tyrosine phosphatase Corkscrew (Csw). Intriguingly, loss of Draper-II/Csw signaling prolongs expression of glial engulfment genes after axotomy and reduces the ability of glia to respond to secondary axotomy. Our work highlights a novel role for Draper-II in inhibiting glial responses to neurodegeneration, and indicates a balance of opposing Draper-I/-II signaling events is essential to maintain glial sensitivity to brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Logan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
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14
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Chihara K, Nakashima K, Takeuchi K, Sada K. Association of 3BP2 with SHP-1 regulates SHP-1-mediated production of TNF-α in RBL-2H3 cells. Genes Cells 2011; 16:1133-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2011.01557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Xiao W, Kashiwakura JI, Hong H, Yasudo H, Ando T, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Wu D, Kawakami Y, Kawakami T. Phospholipase C-β3 regulates FcɛRI-mediated mast cell activation by recruiting the protein phosphatase SHP-1. Immunity 2011; 34:893-904. [PMID: 21683628 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are major effectors in high-affinity IgE receptor (FcɛRI)-dependent allergic reactions. Here we show that phospholipase C (PLC)-β3 is crucial for FcɛRI-mediated mast cell activation. Plcb3(-/-) mice showed blunted FcɛRI-dependent late-phase, but not acute, anaphylactic responses and airway inflammation. Accordingly, FcɛRI stimulation of Plcb3(-/-) mast cells exhibited reduced cytokine production but normal degranulation. Reduced cytokine production in Plcb3(-/-) cells could be accounted for by increased activity of the negative regulatory Src family kinase Lyn and reduced activities of the positive regulatory protein kinases MAPKs. Mechanistically, PLC-β3 constitutively interacts with FcɛRI, Lyn, and SHP-1 (protein phosphatase). SHP-1 probably recognizes its substrates Lyn and MAPKs via the recently described kinase tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, KTIM. Consistent with PLC-β3- and SHP-1-mediated repression of Lyn activity by dephosphorylation at Tyr396, FcɛRI-mediated phenotypes were similar in Plcb3(-/-) and SHP-1 mutant mast cells. Thus, we have defined a PLC-β3- and SHP-1-mediated signaling pathway for FcɛRI-mediated cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Xiao
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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16
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Ramachandran IR, Song W, Lapteva N, Seethammagari M, Slawin KM, Spencer DM, Levitt JM. The phosphatase SRC homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 is an intrinsic central regulator of dendritic cell function. J Immunol 2011; 186:3934-45. [PMID: 21357539 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate proinflammatory or regulatory T cell responses, depending on their activation state. Despite extensive knowledge of DC-activating signals, the understanding of DC inhibitory signals is relatively limited. We show that Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is an important inhibitor of DC signaling, targeting multiple activation pathways. Downstream of TLR4, SHP-1 showed increased interaction with several proteins including IL-1R-associated kinase-4, and modulated LPS signaling by inhibiting NF-κB, AP-1, ERK, and JNK activity, while enhancing p38 activity. In addition, SHP-1 inhibited prosurvival signaling through AKT activation. Furthermore, SHP-1 inhibited CCR7 protein expression. Inhibiting SHP-1 in DCs enhanced proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β production, promoted survival, and increased DC migration to draining lymph nodes. Administration of SHP-1-inhibited DCs in vivo induced expansion of Ag-specific cytotoxic T cells and inhibited Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell induction, resulting in an enhanced immune response against pre-established mouse melanoma and prostate tumors. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SHP-1 is an intrinsic global regulator of DC function, controlling many facets of T cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu R Ramachandran
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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17
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Nakata K, Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C, Yakura H, Mizuno K. Deficiency of SHP1 leads to sustained and increased ERK activation in mast cells, thereby inhibiting IL-3-dependent proliferation and cell death. Mol Immunol 2010; 48:472-80. [PMID: 21044800 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
SHP-1 plays an important role for the regulation of signaling from various hematopoietic cell receptors. In this study, we examined IL-3-induced cell proliferation and IL-3 depletion-induced apoptosis in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) established from motheaten (me) that lack SHP-1 expression, viable motheaten (me(v)) expressing phosphatase-deficient SHP-1, and wild-type (WT) mice. When BMMC were stimulated with IL-3, increased ERK activation was evident in resting state and sustained in me-BMMC relative to WT-BMMC. ERK is known to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in some cells. In accordance with sustained ERK activation, apoptosis was decreased in me- and me(v)-BMMC compared with WT-BMMC. In contrast to the predicted role of ERK as a pro-survival molecule, IL-3-induced cell proliferation was much lower in me- and me(v)-BMMC than WT-BMMC. Stimulation with lower concentration of IL-3 or addition of PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, to the culture resulted in the suppression of decreased apoptosis and cell proliferation in me- and me(v)-BMMC. Collectively, these results suggest that SHP-1 positively regulates IL-3-dependent mast cell proliferation and apoptosis by inhibiting ERK activity through its phosphatase activity. Furthermore, our results indicate that ERK would act as a negative regulator for cell proliferation and induce apoptosis when its activity is highly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Nakata
- Department of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Science, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 is an essential regulatory molecule in many different signaling pathways. The biological importance of SHP-1 is underscored by the motheaten mutant mouse strains with immunological disorders involving multiple organs and by the close association of aberrant SHP-1 expression with several human diseases. Recent studies provided some compelling evidence that supports a role of SHP-1 in regulating mast cell development and function and also in regulating type 2 allergic inflammatory responses in both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this article, we summarize the recent advancement of our understanding of this interesting phosphatase in the important area of allergic inflammation.
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Samayawardhena LA, Pallen CJ. PTPalpha activates Lyn and Fyn and suppresses Hck to negatively regulate FcepsilonRI-dependent mast cell activation and allergic responses. J Immunol 2010; 185:5993-6002. [PMID: 20944008 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mast cell activation via FcεRI involves activation of the Src family kinases (SFKs) Lyn, Fyn, and Hck that positively or, in the case of Lyn, negatively regulate cellular responses. Little is known of upstream activators of these SFKs in FcεRI-dependent signaling. We investigated the role of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)α, a well-known activator of SFKs in diverse signaling systems, FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation, and IgE-dependent allergic responses in mice. PTPα(-/-) bone marrow-derived mast cells hyperdegranulate and exhibit increased cytokine and cysteinyl leukotriene secretion, and PTPα(-/-) mice display enhanced IgE-dependent anaphylaxis. At or proximal to FcεRI, PTPα(-/-) cells have reduced IgE-dependent activation of Lyn and Fyn, as well as reduced FcεRI and SHIP phosphorylation. In contrast, Hck and Syk activation is enhanced. Syk hyperactivation correlated with its increased phosphorylation at positive regulatory sites and defective phosphorylation at a negative regulatory site. Distal to FcεRI, we observed increased activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways. These findings demonstrate that PTPα activates the FcεRI-coupled kinases Lyn and Fyn and suppresses Hck activity. Furthermore, the findings indicate that hyperactivation of PTPα(-/-) mast cells and enhanced IgE-dependent allergic responses of PTPα(-/-) mice are due to the ablated function of PTPα as a critical regulator of Lyn negative signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel A Samayawardhena
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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20
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Zhang J, Mendoza M, Guiraldelli MF, Barbu EA, Siraganian RP. Small interfering RNA screen for phosphatases involved in IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation. J Immunol 2010; 184:7178-85. [PMID: 20483767 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0904169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells play pivotal roles in the initiation of the allergic response. To gain an understanding of the functions played by phosphatases in IgE-mediated mast cell activation, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) library that targets all mouse phosphatase genes was screened in a mouse mast cell line, MMC-1. Of 198 targets, 10 enhanced and 7 inhibited FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation. For seven of the strongest hits, four different siRNAs per target were tested, and at least two out of the four single siRNA per target had similar effects as the pool suggesting that these were true hits. Bone marrow-derived mast cells from normal mice further validated these results for six definite positive targets. The mechanism of the reduced mast cell degranulation due to calcineurin B deficiency was investigated. Calcineurin B deficiency reduced the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the phosphorylation of protein kinase D/protein kinase Cmu and protein kinase Cdelta, which are involved in FcepsilonRI signaling. The screen, therefore, has identified several new molecules that are critical for FcepsilonRI-induced degranulation. Regulating the function of these proteins may be potential targets for the treatment of allergic inflammation. The result also indicates that the system used is efficient for searching molecules implicated in complex receptor-induced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Receptors and Signal Transduction Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Pouliot P, Bergeron S, Marette A, Olivier M. The role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in the regulation of allergic asthma: implication of TC-PTP and PTP-1B in the modulation of disease development. Immunology 2010; 128:534-42. [PMID: 19930043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is an important early event in the signal transduction of numerous cell receptors involved in the immune response. The implication of protein tyrosine kinases in allergic asthma is well recognized, but the role of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) remains poorly understood. However, we recently reported that global inhibition of PTPs during either the allergen-sensitization phase or the allergen-challenge phase reduced the development of asthma and that this correlated with an increased T helper 1 (Th1) response in both lung and spleen tissues. Therefore, in this study we investigated individual roles of PTPs involved in regulating the immune response. We observed that genetic deficiency for PTP-1B resulted in increased recruitment of lung inflammatory cells, while protein tyrosine phosphatase-phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted (PTP-PEST)-deficient mice exhibited a phenotype similar to that of wild-type mice. Importantly, we found that a heterozygous mutation of T cell PTP (TC-PTP) dramatically abrogates immunoglobulin E production and reduces the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lung, conferring an important role for TC-PTP in the development of allergic asthma. As opposed to other studies on Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) deficiency, specific acute SHP-1 inhibition during allergen challenge did not affect disease outcome. Collectively, our results underscore the importance of PTPs in the development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pouliot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC
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22
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Heneberg P, Dráberová L, Bambousková M, Pompach P, Dráber P. Down-regulation of protein-tyrosine phosphatases activates an immune receptor in the absence of its translocation into lipid rafts. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:12787-802. [PMID: 20157115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.052555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest known biochemical step that occurs after ligand binding to the multichain immune recognition receptor is tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor subunits. In mast cells and basophils activated by multivalent antigen-IgE complexes, this step is mediated by Src family kinase Lyn, which phosphorylates the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilonRI). However, the exact molecular mechanism of this phosphorylation step is incompletely understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that changes in activity and/or topography of protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) could play a major role in the Fc epsilonRI triggering. We found that exposure of rat basophilic leukemia cells or mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells to PTP inhibitors, H(2)O(2) or pervanadate, induced phosphorylation of the Fc epsilonRI subunits, similarly as Fc epsilonRI triggering. Interestingly, and in sharp contrast to antigen-induced activation, neither H(2)O(2) nor pervanadate induced any changes in the association of Fc epsilonRI with detergent-resistant membranes and in the topography of Fc epsilonRI detectable by electron microscopy on isolated plasma membrane sheets. In cells stimulated with pervanadate, H(2)O(2) or antigen, enhanced oxidation of active site cysteine of several PTPs was detected. Unexpectedly, most of oxidized phosphatases bound to the plasma membrane were associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Several PTPs (SHP-1, SHP-2, hematopoietic PTP, and PTP-MEG2) showed changes in their enzymatic activity and/or oxidation state during activation. Based on these and other data, we propose that down-regulation of enzymatic activity of PTPs and/or changes in their accessibility to the substrates play a key role in initial tyrosine phosphorylation of the Fc epsilonRI and other multichain immune receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Heneberg
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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23
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Zhou D, Collins CA, Wu P, Brown EJ. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 positively regulates TLR-induced IL-12p40 production in macrophages through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 87:845-55. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0409289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Kataoka TR, Kumanogoh A, Bandara G, Metcalfe DD, Gilfillan AM. CD72 negatively regulates KIT-mediated responses in human mast cells. J Immunol 2010; 184:2468-75. [PMID: 20100931 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
KIT activation, through binding of its ligand, stem cell factor, is crucial for normal mast cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Furthermore, KIT may also contribute to mast cell homing and cytokine generation. Activating mutations in KIT lead to the dysregulated mast cell growth associated with the myeloproliferative disorder, mastocytosis. We investigated the potential of downregulating such responses through mast cell inhibitory receptor activation. In this study, we report that the B cell-associated ITIM-containing inhibitory receptor, CD72, is expressed in human mast cells. Ligation of CD72 with the agonistic Ab, BU40, or with recombinant human CD100 (rCD100), its natural ligand, induced the phosphorylation of CD72 with a resulting increase in its association with the tyrosine phosphatase SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-1. This, in turn, resulted in an inhibition of KIT-induced phosphorylation of Src family kinases and extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK1/2). As a consequence of these effects, KIT-mediated mast cell proliferation, chemotaxis, and chemokine production were significantly reduced by BU40 and rCD100. Furthermore, BU40 and rCD100 also downregulated the growth of the HMC1.2 human mast cell line. Thus, targeting CD72 may provide a novel approach to the suppression of mast cell disease such as mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki R Kataoka
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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25
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Inoue T, Suzuki Y, Mizuno K, Nakata K, Yoshimaru T, Ra C. SHP-1 exhibits a pro-apoptotic function in antigen-stimulated mast cells: Positive regulation of mitochondrial death pathways and negative regulation of survival signaling pathways. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:222-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Nyström A, Shaik ZP, Gullberg D, Krieg T, Eckes B, Zent R, Pozzi A, Iozzo RV. Role of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in the mechanism of endorepellin angiostatic activity. Blood 2009; 114:4897-906. [PMID: 19789387 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-02-207134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endorepellin, the C-terminal domain of perlecan, is a powerful angiogenesis inhibitor. To dissect the mechanism of endorepellin-mediated endothelial silencing, we used an antibody array against multiple tyrosine kinase receptors. Endorepellin caused a widespread reduction in phosphorylation of key receptors involved in angiogenesis and a concurrent increase in phosphatase activity in endothelial cells and tumor xenografts. These effects were efficiently hampered by function-blocking antibodies against integrin alpha2beta1, the functional endorepellin receptor. The Src homology-2 protein phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) coprecipitated with integrin alpha2 and was phosphorylated in a dynamic fashion after endorepellin stimulation. Genetic evidence was provided by lack of an endorepellin-evoked phosphatase response in microvascular endothelial cells derived from integrin alpha2beta1(-/-) mice and by response to endorepellin in cells genetically engineered to express the alpha2beta1 integrin, but not in cells either lacking this receptor or expressing a chimera harboring the integrin alpha2 ectodomain fused to the alpha1 intracellular domain. siRNA-mediated knockdown of integrin alpha2 caused a dose-dependent reduction of SHP-1. Finally, the levels of SHP-1 and its enzymatic activity were substantially reduced in multiple organs from alpha2beta1(-/-) mice. Our results show that SHP-1 is an essential mediator of endorepellin activity and discover a novel functional interaction between the integrin alpha2 subunit and SHP-1.
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Abstract
Mast cell mediator release represents a pivotal event in the initiation of inflammatory reactions associated with allergic disorders. These responses follow antigen-mediated aggregation of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-occupied high-affinity receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon RI) on the mast cell surface, a response which can be further enhanced following stem cell factor-induced ligation of the mast cell growth factor receptor KIT (CD117). Activation of tyrosine kinases is central to the ability of both Fc epsilon RI and KIT to transmit downstream signaling events required for the regulation of mast cell activation. Whereas KIT possesses inherent tyrosine kinase activity, Fc epsilon RI requires the recruitment of Src family tyrosine kinases and Syk to control the early receptor-proximal signaling events. The signaling pathways propagated by these tyrosine kinases can be further upregulated by the Tec kinase Bruton's tyrosine kinase and downregulated by the actions of the tyrosine Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) and SHP-2. In this review, we discuss the regulation and role of specific members of this tyrosine kinase network in KIT and Fc epsilon RI-mediated mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair M Gilfillan
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1930, USA
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28
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Nakata K, Yoshimaru T, Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C, Yakura H, Mizuno K. Positive and negative regulation of high affinity IgE receptor signaling by Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1. J Immunol 2008; 181:5414-24. [PMID: 18832698 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase, plays an important role for the regulation of signaling from various hematopoietic cell receptors. Although SHP-1 is shown to be a negative signal modulator in mast cells, its precise molecular mechanisms are not well defined. To elucidate how SHP-1 regulates mast cell signaling, we established bone marrow-derived mast cells from SHP-1-deficient motheaten and wild-type mice and analyzed downstream signals induced by cross-linking of high affinity IgE receptor, Fc epsilonRI. Upon Fc epsilonRI ligation, motheaten-derived bone marrow-derived mast cells showed enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) and linker for activation of T cells, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and gene transcription and production of cytokine. Because the activity of Syk, responsible for the phosphorylation of SLP-76 and linker for activation of T cells, is comparable irrespective of SHP-1, both molecules might be substrates of SHP-1 in mast cells. Interestingly, the absence of SHP-1 expression disrupted the association between SLP-76 and phospholipase Cgamma, which resulted in the decreased phospholipase Cgamma phosphorylation, calcium mobilization, and degranulation. Collectively, these results suggest that SHP-1 regulates Fc epsilonRI-induced downstream signaling events both negatively and positively by functioning as a protein tyrosine phosphatase and as an adaptor protein contributing to the formation of signaling complex, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Nakata
- Department of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Science, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Yamashita T, Suzuki R, Backlund PS, Yamashita Y, Yergey AL, Rivera J. Differential dephosphorylation of the FcRgamma immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif tyrosines with dissimilar potential for activating Syk. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:28584-94. [PMID: 18715866 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802679200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface-expressed gamma chain of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI) can be phosphorylated on two tyrosine residues of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), leading to recruitment and activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), a kinase that is essential for mast cell signaling and allergic responses. However, it is not known whether preferential phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of the two individual FcRgamma tyrosines (the N-terminal Tyr47 and C-terminal Tyr58) could regulate Syk activation. Herein we report that phosphorylation of only Tyr58 was able to elicit Syk phosphorylation and a weak rise in intracellular calcium, suggesting that Tyr58 phosphorylation may be distinctively important for Syk activation. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that both Tyr47 and Tyr58 could be similarly phosphorylated. However, mass spectrometric analysis of the phosphorylated FcepsilonRgamma from bone marrow-derived mast cells showed that phosphorylation at Tyr47 was at least 2-fold greater than at Tyr58. This suggested that, once phosphorylated, Tyr58 is preferentially dephosphorylated. In vitro studies demonstrated more efficient dephosphorylation of Tyr58 (by the receptor-associated phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2) than of Tyr47. Analysis of Syk binding to wild type and mutant phosphorylated FcepsilonRI revealed that mutation at Tyr58 almost completely ablated Syk binding, whereas mutation at Tyr47 moderately reduced Syk binding. The findings argue for a novel regulatory mechanism, where dephosphorylation of phospho-Tyr58 is likely to promote the down-regulation of Syk activation and suppression of mast cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Signaling, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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30
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Mertsching E, Bafetti L, Hess H, Perper S, Giza K, Allen LC, Negrou E, Hathaway K, Hopp J, Chung J, Perret D, Shields M, Saxon A, Kehry MR. A mouse Fcgamma-Fcepsilon protein that inhibits mast cells through activation of FcgammaRIIB, SH2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase 1, and SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 121:441-447.e5. [PMID: 17949802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A human Fcgamma-Fcepsilon fusion protein (GE2) designed to inhibit FcepsilonRI signaling by coaggregating FcepsilonRI with the inhibitory receptor FcgammaRIIB has been shown to inhibit mast cell activation and block cutaneous anaphylaxis. A critical issue remained as to whether the mechanism of GE2 inhibition is competition for IgE binding or inhibitory signaling through FcgammaRIIB. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to define the in vitro and in vivo mechanism of action of a mouse homolog of GE2 (mGE) and to assess the potential of human GE2 (hGE2) for therapeutic administration. METHODS The in vitro activity of mGE on mediator release and signaling pathways was characterized in IgE-sensitized bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). The in vivo activity of mGE was examined in mouse passive cutaneous and passive systemic anaphylaxis models, and the therapeutic activity of hGE2 was evaluated in Ascaris suum-sensitized cynomolgus monkeys. RESULTS mGE inhibited release of histamine and cytokines by BMMCs from wild-type mice but not by BMMCs from FcgammaRIIB-deficient mice. In mice mGE blocked IgE-dependent anaphylaxis mediated by mast cells with sustained efficacy. In BMMCs mGE decreased spleen tyrosine kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 phosphorylation and induced FcgammaRIIB phosphorylation and the subsequent recruitment of SH2 domain-containing inositol polyphosphate 5' phosphatase (SHIP) 1 and SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 1/2 phosphatases. When administered therapeutically, hGE2 protected sensitized monkeys from local anaphylaxis for 3 weeks. CONCLUSION mGE-mediated inhibition of mast cell activation is associated with inhibitory signaling through FcgammaRIIB that results from activation of SHIP-1 and SHP-1/2 phosphatases.
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31
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Chong ZZ, Maiese K. The Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2: diversified control of cell growth, inflammation, and injury. Histol Histopathol 2007; 22:1251-67. [PMID: 17647198 PMCID: PMC2515712 DOI: 10.14670/hh-22.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the diverse biology of protein tyrosine phosphatases that are encoded by more than 100 genes in the human genome continues to grow at an accelerated pace. In particular, two cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatases composed of two Src homology 2 (SH2) NH2-terminal domains and a C-terminal protein-tyrosine phosphatase domain referred to as SHP-1 and SHP-2 are known to govern a host of cellular functions. SHP-1 and SHP-2 modulate progenitor cell development, cellular growth, tissue inflammation, and cellular chemotaxis, but more recently the role of SHP-1 and SHP-2 to directly control cell survival involving oxidative stress pathways has come to light. SHP-1 and SHP-2 are fundamental for the function of several growth factor and metabolic pathways yielding far reaching implications for disease pathways and disorders such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Although SHP-1 and SHP-2 can employ similar or parallel cellular pathways, these proteins also clearly exert opposing effects upon downstream cellular cascades that affect early and late apoptotic programs. SHP-1 and SHP-2 modulate cellular signals that involve phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, Janus kinase 2, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, mitogen-activating protein kinases, extracellular signal-related kinases, c-Jun-amino terminal kinases, and nuclear factor-kappaB. Our progressive understanding of the impact of SHP-1 and SHP-2 upon multiple cellular environments and organ systems should continue to facilitate the targeted development of treatments for a variety of disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Z Chong
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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32
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Ozawa T, Nakata K, Mizuno K, Yakura H. Negative autoregulation of Src homology region 2-domain-containing phosphatase-1 in rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells. Int Immunol 2007; 19:1049-61. [PMID: 17675340 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology region 2-domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) plays an important role in the regulation of signaling from various receptors in hematopoietic cells. In mast cells, SHP-1 has been shown to negatively regulate the initial signaling triggered by high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI) and positively regulate downstream outputs. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of SHP-1 in mast cells, we determined substrates for SHP-1 by using the substrate-trapping approach. When phosphatase-inactive SHP-1 was over-expressed in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells, tyrosine phosphorylation of a 68-kDa protein was enhanced before and after FcepsilonRI aggregation. Immunoprecipitation and western blot analyses revealed that this protein is SHP-1, either endogenous or ectopically expressed. FcepsilonRI-induced activation of Lyn and Syk was comparable between cells expressing wild-type (wt) and phosphatase-inactive SHP-1. In vitro phosphatase assay and combined transfection, immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses showed that tyrosine 536 of SHP-1 was potent phosphorylation site and that SHP-1 could dephosphorylate this site that had been phosphorylated by Lyn. Furthermore, the phosphatase activity of SHP-1 immunoprecipitated from cells expressing a phosphatase-inactive SHP-1 was increased compared with that from vector-transfected or wt SHP-1-expressing cells. Finally, expression of phosphatase-inactive SHP-1 resulted in decreased activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and suppressed transcription of cytokine genes, whereas wt SHP-1 enhanced these processes. Taken collectively, these results suggest that SHP-1 may be a physiological substrate of SHP-1 in RBL-2H3 cells and that dephosphorylation of SHP-1 leads to a decrease in its catalytic activity and an enhancement of downstream signaling. A negative autoregulatory circuit of SHP-1 may contribute to mast cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Science, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
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33
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Abstract
The type I Fc epsilon receptor (Fc epsilon RI) is one of the better understood members of its class and is central to the immunological activation of mast cells and basophils, the key players in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent immediate hypersensitivity. This review provides background information on several distinct regulatory mechanisms controlling this receptor's stimulus-response coupling network. First, we review the current understanding of this network's operation, and then we focus on the inhibitory regulatory mechanisms. In particular, we discuss the different known cytosolic molecules (e.g. kinases, phosphatases, and adapters) as well as cell membrane proteins involved in negatively regulating the Fc epsilon RI-induced secretory responses. Knowledge of this field is developing at a fast rate, as new proteins endowed with regulatory functions are still being discovered. Our understanding of the complex networks by which these proteins exert regulation is limited. Although the scope of this review does not include addressing several important biochemical and biophysical aspects of the regulatory mechanisms, it does provide general insights into a central field in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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34
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Kambayashi T, Koretzky GA. Proximal signaling events in FcɛRI-mediated mast cell activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:544-52; quiz 553-4. [PMID: 17336609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are central mediators of allergic diseases. Their involvement in allergic reactions is largely dependent on activation through the specific receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI). Cross-linking of Fc epsilon RI on mast cells initiates a cascade of signaling events that eventually results in degranulation, cytokine/chemokine production, and leukotriene release, contributing to allergic symptomology. Because of the importance of IgE in allergy, much focus has been placed on deciphering the signaling events that take place downstream of Fc epsilon RI. Studies have identified spleen tyrosine kinase as a key proximal regulator of Fc epsilon RI-mediated signaling. In this review, we discuss the multiple pathways that diverge from spleen tyrosine kinase with emphasis on the role of adapter molecules to orchestrate these signaling events. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying mast cell activation ideally will provide insights into the development of novel therapeutics to control allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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35
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Xiao W, Nishimoto H, Hong H, Kitaura J, Nunomura S, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Kawakami Y, Lowell CA, Ra C, Kawakami T. Positive and negative regulation of mast cell activation by Lyn via the FcepsilonRI. J Immunol 2006; 175:6885-92. [PMID: 16272347 PMCID: PMC1415265 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.10.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI) induces activation of mast cells. In this study we show that upon low intensity stimulation of FcepsilonRI with monomeric IgE, IgE plus anti-IgE, or IgE plus low Ag, Lyn (a Src family kinase) positively regulates degranulation, cytokine production, and survival, whereas Lyn works as a negative regulator of high intensity stimulation with IgE plus high Ag. Low intensity stimulation suppressed Lyn kinase activity and its association with FcepsilonRI beta subunit, whereas high intensity stimulation enhanced Lyn activity and its association with FcepsilonRI beta. The latter induced much higher levels of FcepsilonRI beta phosphorylation and Syk activity than the former. Downstream positive signaling molecules, such as Akt and p38, were positively and negatively regulated by Lyn upon low and high intensity stimulations, respectively. In contrast, the negative regulators, SHIP and Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1, interacted with FcepsilonRI beta, and their phosphorylation was controlled by Lyn. Therefore, we conclude that Lyn-mediated positive vs negative regulation depends on the intensity of the stimuli. Studies of mutant FcepsilonRI beta showed that FcepsilonRI beta subunit-ITAM (ITAM motif) regulates degranulation and cytokine production positively and negatively depending on the intensity of FcepsilonRI stimulation. Furthermore, Lyn-mediated negative regulation was shown to be exerted via the FcepsilonRI beta-ITAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Xiao
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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36
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Abstract
Tolerance of natural killer (NK) cells toward normal cells is mediated through their expression of inhibitory receptors that detect the normal expression of self in the form of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules on target cells. These MHC-I-binding inhibitory receptors recruit tyrosine phosphatases, which are believed to counteract activating receptor-stimulated tyrosine kinases. The perpetual balance between signals derived from inhibitory and activating receptors controls NK cell responsiveness and provides an interesting paradigm of signaling cross talk. This review summarizes our knowledge of the intracellular mechanisms by which cell surface receptors influence biological responses by NK cells. Special emphasis focuses on the dynamic signaling events at the NK immune synapse and the unique signaling characteristics of specific receptors, such as NKG2D, 2B4, and KIR2DL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W MacFarlane
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Division of Basic Science, Institute for Cancer Research, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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37
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Abstract
Cell activation results from the transient displacement of an active balance between positive and negative signaling. This displacement depends in part on the engagement of cell surface receptors by extracellular ligands. Among these are receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulins (FcRs). FcRs are widely expressed by cells of hematopoietic origin. When binding antibodies, FcRs provide these cells with immunoreceptors capable of triggering numerous biological responses in response to a specific antigen. FcR-dependent cell activation is regulated by negative signals which are generated together with positive signals within signalosomes that form upon FcR engagement. Many molecules involved in positive signaling, including the FcRbeta subunit, the src kinase lyn, the cytosolic adapter Grb2, and the transmembrane adapters LAT and NTAL, are indeed also involved in negative signaling. A major player in negative regulation of FcR signaling is the inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP1. Several layers of negative regulation operate sequentially as FcRs are engaged by extracellular ligands with an increasing valency. A background protein tyrosine phosphatase-dependent negative regulation maintains cells in a "resting" state. SHIP1-dependent negative regulation can be detected as soon as high-affinity FcRs are occupied by antibodies in the absence of antigen. It increases when activating FcRs are engaged by multivalent ligands and, further, when FcR aggregation increases, accounting for the bell-shaped dose-response curve observed in excess of ligand. Finally, F-actin skeleton-associated high-molecular weight SHIP1, recruited to phosphorylated ITIMs, concentrates in signaling complexes when activating FcRs are coengaged with inhibitory FcRs by immune complexes. Based on these data, activating and inhibitory FcRs could be used for new therapeutic approaches to immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Daëron
- Unité d'Allergologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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38
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Olivier M, Gregory DJ, Forget G. Subversion mechanisms by which Leishmania parasites can escape the host immune response: a signaling point of view. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005; 18:293-305. [PMID: 15831826 PMCID: PMC1082797 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.18.2.293-305.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania must survive the antimicrobial activities of its host cell, the macrophage, and prevent activation of an effective immune response. In order to do this, it has developed numerous highly successful strategies for manipulating activities, including antigen presentation, nitric oxide and oxygen radical generation, and cytokine production. This is generally the result of interactions between Leishmania cell surface molecules, particularly gp63 and LPG, and less well identified macrophage surface receptors, causing the distortion of specific intracellular signaling cascades. We describe some of the signaling pathways and intermediates that are repressed in infected cells, including JAK/STAT, Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (especially ERK1/2), and proteasome-mediated transcription factor degradation. We also discuss protein tyrosine phosphatases (particularly SHP-1), intracellular Ca2+, Ca(2+)-independent PKC, ceramide, and the suppressors of cytokine signaling family of repressors, which are all reported to be activated following infection, and the role of parasite-secreted cysteine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Olivier
- Centre for the Study of Host Resistance at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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39
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Yu WM, Wang S, Keegan AD, Williams MS, Qu CK. Abnormal Th1 cell differentiation and IFN-gamma production in T lymphocytes from motheaten viable mice mutant for Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1. J Immunol 2005; 174:1013-9. [PMID: 15634925 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.2.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) plays an important role in T and B lymphocyte signaling; however, the function of SHP-1 in Th cell differentiation, in particular, the Th1 response, has not been defined. In this study, we provide evidence that SHP-1 phosphatase negatively regulates Th1 cell development and IFN-gamma production. Compared with the wild-type control, anti-CD3-activated mouse T lymphocytes carrying the motheaten viable mutation in the SHP-1 gene produced a significantly increased amount of IFN-gamma in the presence of IL-12. This increase was also seen at the basal level without IL-12 addition. Similarly, Th1 cell differentiation and proliferation of anti-CD3-activated SHP-1 mutant lymph node cells in the presence or absence of IL-12 were markedly enhanced, indicating a negative role for SHP-1 phosphatase in such lymphocyte activities. Interestingly, IL-12-induced activation of Jak2 and STAT4, critical components for IL-12-mediated cellular responses, was shortened or attenuated in mutant T cells. Together these results suggest that SHP-1 negatively regulates Th1 cell development and functions through a mechanism that is not directly related to IL-12 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Mei Yu
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
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40
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Young RM, Zheng X, Holowka D, Baird B. Reconstitution of regulated phosphorylation of FcepsilonRI by a lipid raft-excluded protein-tyrosine phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:1230-5. [PMID: 15537644 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m408339200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the exquisite regulation of IgE-FcepsilonRI tyrosine phosphorylation by Lyn kinase that is stimulated by antigen-mediated cross-linking, we utilized co-expression of FcepsilonRI and Lyn in Chinese hamster ovary cells, which results in high basal levels of Lyn kinase activity and spontaneous phosphorylation of FcepsilonRI. We found that co-expression of a lipid raft-excluded transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase, PTPalpha, suppresses Lyn kinase activity and markedly reduces the level of spontaneous phosphorylation of FcepsilonRI, while facilitating its antigen-stimulated phosphorylation. Other tyrosine phosphatases, including SHP-1, CD45, and a lipid raft-preferring chimeric version of PTPalpha fail to reconstitute antigen-dependent FcepsilonRI phosphorylation. We concluded that both substrate specificity and submembrane location are critical to phosphatase-mediated regulation of Lyn kinase activity that supports activation of FcepsilonRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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41
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Kamiya S, Kawaguchi T, Hasebe S, Kamiya N, Saito Y, Miura S, Wada S, Yajima H, Katayama T, Fukai F. A fibronectin fragment induces tumor necrosis factor production of rat basophilic leukemia cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2004; 1675:87-94. [PMID: 15535971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic digest of fibronectin (FN), but not intact FN, induced TNF-alpha secretion of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. As a result of the identification of FN fragment responsible for TNF-alpha secretion, a 30-kDa fragment derived from the carboxyl-terminal heparin-binding (Hep 2) domain of FN was isolated from the FN digest. The TNF-alpha secretion was abrogated by treatment of RBL-2H3 cells with cycloheximide, indicating the de novo synthesis of TNF-alpha, but not with polymyxin B, excluding the possible TNF-alpha induction by some contaminated lipopolysaccharides. A 22-mer synthetic peptide originated from the Hep 2 domain, termed FNIII14, which has been found to negatively modulate the beta1 integrin activation, had the ability to induce TNF-alpha production, whereas this activity of FNIII14 disappeared by shuffling a YTIYVIAL sequence essential for the integrin-inactivating activity. FNIII14 suppressed the spreading of RBL-2H3 cells on FN substrate, wherein RBL-2H3 cell proliferation was inhibited with FNIII14 in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, it appears that FN fragments containing the YTIYVIAL anti-adhesive site affect the activation status of RBL-2H3 mast cells, characterized by the stimulation of TNF-alpha production and growth suppression, probably due to negative regulation of beta1 integrin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadahiro Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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42
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Ganesan LP, Fang H, Marsh CB, Tridandapani S. The protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 associates with the phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif of Fc gamma RIIa to modulate signaling events in myeloid cells. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:35710-7. [PMID: 12832410 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m305078200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc gamma RIIa is a low affinity IgG receptor uniquely expressed in human cells that promotes phagocytosis of immune complexes and induces inflammatory cytokine gene transcription. Recent studies have revealed that phagocytosis initiated by Fc gamma RIIa is tightly controlled by the inositol phosphatase SHIP-1, and the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Whereas the molecular nature of SHIP-1 involvement with Fc gamma RIIa has been well studied, it is not clear how SHP-1 is activated by Fc gamma RIIa to mediate its regulatory effect. Here we report that Fc gamma RIIa clustering induces SHP-1 phosphatase activity in THP-1 cells. Using synthetic phosphopeptides, and stable transfectants expressing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) tyrosine mutants of Fc gamma RIIa, we demonstrate that SHP-1 associates with the phosphorylated amino-terminal ITAM tyrosine of Fc gamma RIIa, whereas the tyrosine kinase Syk associates with the carboxyl-terminal ITAM tyrosine. Association of SHP-1 with Fc gamma RIIa ITAM appears to suppress total cellular tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, Fc gamma RIIa clustering results in the association of SHP-1 with key signaling molecules such as Syk, p85 subunit of PtdIns 3-kinase, and p62dok, suggesting that these molecules may be substrates of SHP-1 in this system. Finally, overexpression of wild-type SHP-1 but not catalytically deficient SHP-1 led to a down-regulation of NF kappa B-dependent gene transcription in THP-1 cells activated by clustering Fc gamma RIIa.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/isolation & purification
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Cell Line
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Kinetics
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/chemistry
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/chemistry
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/isolation & purification
- Receptors, IgG/physiology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha P Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Institute, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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43
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Abstract
The present study examined the regulatory expression of activin A, a potent growth and differentiation factor, in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) mast cells. Treatment of RBL-2H3 cells sensitized with anti-dinitrophenyl IgE with multivalent dinitrophenyl led to a clear increase in RT-PCR products of inhibin/activin beta(A). The steady-state mRNA of inhibin/activin beta(A) was also induced by increasing cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration with ionomycin, which required de novo protein synthesis, and was regulated at the transcriptional level. Pretreatment of RBL-2H3 cells with antagonists or inhibitors for the calmodulin pathway blocked ionomycin-dependent inhibin/activin beta(A) transcription and mRNA induction, suggesting the involvement of calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) and calcineurin. The ionomycin-dependent inhibin/activin beta(A) induction was also partially blocked by preincubation with c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase inhibitors, but not with MEK1 inhibitor. These results suggest that inhibin/activin beta(A) gene activation is achieved by the JNK and p38 kinase activation through the calmodulin pathway in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Funaba
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara 229-8501, Japan.
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Leitges M, Gimborn K, Elis W, Kalesnikoff J, Hughes MR, Krystal G, Huber M. Protein kinase C-delta is a negative regulator of antigen-induced mast cell degranulation. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:3970-80. [PMID: 12024011 PMCID: PMC133855 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.12.3970-3980.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mast cell degranulation is dependent on the subtle interplay of cellular signaling proteins. The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase (SHIP), which acts as the gatekeeper of degranulation, binds via both its SH2 domain and its phosphorylated NPXY motifs to the adapter protein Shc via the latter's phosphorylated tyrosines and phosphotyrosine-binding domain, respectively. This theoretically leaves Shc's SH2 domain available to bind proteins, which might be part of the SHIP/Shc complex. In a search for such proteins, protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) was found to coprecipitate in mast cells with Shc and to interact with Shc's SH2 domain following antigen or pervanadate stimulation. Phosphorylation of PKC-delta's Y(332), most likely by Lyn, was found to be responsible for PKC-delta's binding to Shc's SH2 domain. Using PKC-delta(-/-) bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs), we found that the antigen-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc was similar to that in wild-type (WT) BMMCs while that of SHIP was significantly increased. Moreover, increased translocation of PKC-delta to the membrane, as well as phosphorylation at T505, was observed in SHIP(-/-) BMMCs, demonstrating that while PKC-delta regulates SHIP phosphorylation, SHIP regulates PKC-delta localization and activation. Interestingly, stimulation of PKC-delta(-/-) BMMCs with suboptimal doses of antigen yielded a more sustained calcium mobilization and a significantly higher level of degranulation than that of WT cells. Altogether, our data suggest that PKC-delta is a negative regulator of antigen-induced mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leitges
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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45
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Abstract
The recently cloned scaffolding molecule Gab2 can assemble multiple molecules involved in signaling pathways. Bone marrow-derived mast cells isolated from Gab2(-/-) mice have defective signaling probably due to the lack of the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-kinase). In this study, we investigated the role of Gab2 using the rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 cell line mast cells. Fc epsilon RI aggregation induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab2 and translocation of a significant fraction of it from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. As in other cells, Gab2 was found to associate with several signaling molecules including Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2, Grb2, Lyn, and phospholipase C gamma (PLC gamma). The association of Gab2 with Lyn and PLC gamma were enhanced after receptor aggregation. Overexpression of Gab2 in rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 cell line cells inhibited the Fc epsilon RI-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the subunits of the receptor, and the phosphorylation and/or activation of Syk and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Downstream events such as calcium mobilization, degranulation, and induction of TNF-alpha and IL-6 gene transcripts were decreased in Gab2 overexpressing cells, although Akt phosphorylation as a measure of PI3-kinase activation was unaffected. These results suggest that in addition to the positive effects mediated by PI3-kinase that are apparent in Gab2(-/-) mast cells, Gab2 by interacting with Lyn and PLC gamma may have negative regulatory effects on Fc epsilon RI-induced mast cell signaling and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Xie
- Receptors and Signal Transduction Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bellón T, Kitzig F, Sayós J, López-Botet M. Mutational analysis of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs of the Ig-like transcript 2 (CD85j) leukocyte receptor. J Immunol 2002; 168:3351-9. [PMID: 11907092 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.7.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory receptor Ig-like transcript (ILT)2 (leukocyte Ig-like receptor or CD85j) is a type I transmembrane protein expressed by different leukocyte lineages. The extracellular region of ILT2 binds HLA class I molecules, and its cytoplasmic domain displays four immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs. Upon tyrosine phosphorylation ILT2 recruits the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) that is involved in negative signaling. To address the structural basis of ILT2-mediated inhibitory signaling, deletion and single tyrosine mutants were generated and transfected in the COS-7 and rat basophilic leukemia cell lines; their abilities to bind SHP-1 and to inhibit FcepsilonR-induced serotonin release in rat basophilic leukemia cells were studied. Both biochemical and functional analyses revealed tyrosines 644 (SIYATL) and 614 (VTYAQL) as the SHP-1 docking sites required for ILT2 inhibitory function. Substitution of tyrosine 562 (VTYAEV) did not alter receptor function. By contrast, mutation of tyrosine 533 (NLYAAV) interfered with ILT2 tyrosine phosphorylation and the subsequent SHP-1 recruitment, thus supporting a regulatory role for this motif.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs/genetics
- Amino Acid Motifs/immunology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- COS Cells
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytoplasm/enzymology
- Cytoplasm/genetics
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Enzyme Precursors/metabolism
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1
- Ligands
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, IgE/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgE/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Serotonin Antagonists/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Syk Kinase
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tyrosine/genetics
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- src Homology Domains/genetics
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Kassel O, Sancono A, Krätzschmar J, Kreft B, Stassen M, Cato AC. Glucocorticoids inhibit MAP kinase via increased expression and decreased degradation of MKP-1. EMBO J 2001; 20:7108-16. [PMID: 11742987 PMCID: PMC125780 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.24.7108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids inhibit the proinflammatory activities of transcription factors such as AP-1 and NF-kappa B as well as that of diverse cellular signaling molecules. One of these signaling molecules is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk-1/2) that controls the release of allergic mediators and the induction of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in mast cells. The mechanism of inhibition of Erk-1/2 activity by glucocorticoids is unknown. Here we report a novel dual action of glucocorticoids for this inhibition. Glucocorticoids increase the expression of the MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) gene at the promoter level, and attenuate proteasomal degradation of MKP-1, which we report to be triggered by activation of mast cells. Both induction of MKP-1 expression and inhibition of its degradation are necessary for glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of Erk-1/2 activation. In NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, although glucocorticoids up-regulate the MKP-1 level, they do not attenuate the proteasomal degradation of this protein and consequently they are unable to inhibit Erk-1/2 activity. These results identify MKP-1 as essential for glucocorticoid-mediated control of Erk-1/2 activation and unravel a novel regulatory mechanism for this anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jörn Krätzschmar
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe,
Schering AG, D-13342 Berlin and Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 65, D-55101 Mainz, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Bertolt Kreft
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe,
Schering AG, D-13342 Berlin and Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 65, D-55101 Mainz, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Michael Stassen
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe,
Schering AG, D-13342 Berlin and Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 65, D-55101 Mainz, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Andrew C.B. Cato
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe,
Schering AG, D-13342 Berlin and Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 65, D-55101 Mainz, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tkaczyk
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Inflammatory Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 11C213, MSC 1881, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
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Nadler MJ, Matthews SA, Turner H, Kinet JP. Signal transduction by the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor Fc epsilon RI: coupling form to function. Adv Immunol 2001; 76:325-55. [PMID: 11079101 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(01)76022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Nadler
- Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Abstract
The Src family kinase Lyn initiates intracellular signal transduction by associating with a variety of immune receptors such as antigen receptor on B cells and high-affinity Fc receptor (FcR) for immunoglobulin Ig(E) (FcepsilonRI) on mast cells. Involvement of Lyn in the IgE-mediated immediate-type hypersensitivity is well documented, but the physiological significance of Lyn in IgG-dependent, type III low-affinity FcR for IgG (FcgammaRIII)-mediated responses is largely unknown. In this study, we generated a double-mutant mouse strain deficient in both type II FcR for IgG (FcgammaRIIB) and Lyn to exclude any involvement of inhibitory signaling by FcgammaRIIB, which otherwise downregulates FcgammaRIII-mediated cellular responses. FcgammaRIIB-deficient but Lyn-sufficient mice served as controls. The Lyn deficiency attenuated IgG-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in vivo, and significantly reduced calcium mobilization and degranulation responses of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) in vitro. However, we found that either interleukin 4 or tumor necrosis factor alpha release by BMMCs was comparable to that from Lyn-deficient and control mice, and the reverse-passive Arthus reaction was equally induced in both mutant mice, indicating that Lyn is not involved in the onset of the IgG-mediated, FcgammaRIII-dependent late phase responses of mast cells. These findings provide us with insight into distinct signaling mechanisms in mast cells underlying the development of diverse pathologies as well as a therapeutic potential for selective treatment of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takae Yuasa
- Department of Experimental Immunology and the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Program of Japan Science and Technology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masao Ono
- Department of Experimental Immunology and the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Program of Japan Science and Technology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- Department of Experimental Immunology and the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Program of Japan Science and Technology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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