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Emmons H, Wallace C, Fordahl S. Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α attenuate dopamine release in mice fed a high-fat diet, but not medium or low-fat diets. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:864-874. [PMID: 35900193 PMCID: PMC9883593 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with a state of diet-induced obesity that impacts systemic tissues and can cross the blood-brain barrier to act directly on the brain. The extent to which pro-inflammatory cytokines released in these conditions affect dopamine presynaptic neurotransmission has not been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine how dopamine terminals are affected by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and to determine if dietary fat consumption potentiates cytokine effects on dopamine release and reuptake rate in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed high, medium, or low-fat diets (60%, 30%, or 10% total kcals from fat, respectively) for six weeks. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) was used to measure dopamine release and reuptake rate in the NAc core from ex vivo coronal brain slices. Electrically evoked dopamine release and the maximal rate of dopamine reuptake (Vmax) were significantly lower in mice fed the 30% and 60% high-fat diets compared to the 10% low-fat group (p < 0.05). IL-6 5 or 10 nM or TNFα 30 or 300 nM was added to artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) bathed over brain slices during FSCV. No effect on dopamine release or Vmax was observed with lower concentrations. However, 10 nM IL-6 and 300 nM TNFα significantly reduced dopamine release in the 60% fat group (p < 0.05). No effect of added cytokine was observed on Vmax. Overall, these data provide evidence that dietary fat increases neural responsiveness to cytokines, which may help inform comorbidities between diet-induced obesity and depression or other mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.A. Emmons
- UNC Greensboro, Department of Nutrition, Greensboro NC
| | - C.W. Wallace
- UNC Greensboro, Department of Nutrition, Greensboro NC
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Winston-Salem NC
| | - S.C. Fordahl
- UNC Greensboro, Department of Nutrition, Greensboro NC
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Li Y, Yu Z, Schenk M, Lagovsky I, Illig D, Walz C, Rohlfs M, Conca R, Muise AM, Snapper SB, Uhlig HH, Garty BZ, Klein C, Kotlarz D. Human MD2 deficiency-an inborn error of immunity with pleiotropic features. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:791-796.e7. [PMID: 36462957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern recognition receptors that sense microbes and control host defense. Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) is the indispensable coreceptor for TLR4, facilitating the binding to the gram-negative bacterial cell wall component LPS and activation of downstream signaling. OBJECTIVE We sought to provide phenotypic and mechanistic insights into human MD2 deficiency. METHODS To elucidate the genetic cause in a patient with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease, we performed whole-exome sequencing and studied the functional consequences of the identified mutation in LY96 (encoding for MD2) in genetically engineered induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages with knockout of MD2 or knockin of the patient-specific mutation, including TLR4-mediated signaling, cytokine production, and bacterial handling. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous in-frame deletion in the LY96 gene (c.347_349delCAA; p.Thr116del) in a patient with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease and a sibling presenting with pneumonia and otitis media. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages with knockout of MD2 or expression of the Thr116del mutation showed impaired activation of nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling as well as TLR4 endocytosis on challenge with LPS or bacteria. In addition, MD2-deficient macrophages showed decreased cytokine expression (eg, IL-6, TNF, and IL-10) in response to LPS or gram-negative but not gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Human MD2 deficiency causes defective TLR4 signaling in response to LPS or gram-negative bacteria. The clinical manifestations and expressivity might be variable due to unknown secondary risk factors. Because TLR4 represents a therapeutic target for multiple inflammatory conditions, our study may provide insights into potential side effects of pharmacological TLR4 targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich
| | - Ziqi Yu
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich
| | - Madlin Schenk
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich
| | - Irena Lagovsky
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv
| | - David Illig
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich
| | - Raffaele Conca
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto; VEO-IBD Consortium, LMU Munich, Munich
| | - Scott B Snapper
- VEO-IBD Consortium, LMU Munich, Munich; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- VEO-IBD Consortium, LMU Munich, Munich; Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Department of Pediatrics, and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Ben Zion Garty
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach-Tikva
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich; VEO-IBD Consortium, LMU Munich, Munich; Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich; Deutsche Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) and Deutsches Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit, partner site Munich, Munich
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich; VEO-IBD Consortium, LMU Munich, Munich; Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg.
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Sun X, Hosomi K, Shimoyama A, Yoshii K, Lan H, Wang Y, Yamaura H, Nagatake T, Ishii KJ, Akira S, Kiyono H, Fukase K, Kunisawa J. TLR4 agonist activity of Alcaligenes lipid a utilizes MyD88 and TRIF signaling pathways for efficient antigen presentation and T cell differentiation by dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109852. [PMID: 36806039 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcaligenes faecalis was previously identified as an intestinal lymphoid tissue-resident commensal bacteria, and our subsequent studies showed that lipopolysaccharide and its core active element (i.e., lipid A) have a potent adjuvant activity to promote preferentially antigen-specific Th17 response and antibody production. Here, we compared A. faecalis lipid A (ALA) with monophosphoryl lipid A, a licensed lipid A-based adjuvant, to elucidate the immunological mechanism underlying the adjuvant properties of ALA. Compared with monophosphoryl lipid A, ALA induced higher levels of MHC class II molecules and costimulatory CD40, CD80, and CD86 on dendritic cells (DCs), which in turn resulted in strong T cell activation. Moreover, ALA more effectively promoted the production of IL-6 and IL-23 from DCs than did monophosphoryl lipid A, thus leading to preferential induction of Th17 and Th1 cells. As underlying mechanisms, we found that the ALA-TLR4 axis stimulated both MyD88- and TRIF-mediated signaling pathways, whereas monophosphoryl lipid A was biased toward TRIF signaling. These findings revealed the effects of ALA on DCs and T cells and its induction pattern on signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Collaborative Research between NIBIOHN and Graduate School of Science, Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Yoshii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Huangwenxian Lan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yunru Wang
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruki Yamaura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States; Chiba University (CU)-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), UCSD, San Diego, CA, United States; Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Collaborative Research between NIBIOHN and Graduate School of Science, Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Collaborative Research between NIBIOHN and Graduate School of Science, Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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Zubova SV, Kosyakova NI, Grachev SV, Prokhorenko IR. Rhodobacter capsulatus PG Lipopolysaccharide Blocks the Effects of a Lipoteichoic Acid, a Toll-Like Receptor 2 Agonist. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:69-74. [PMID: 36694898 PMCID: PMC9844088 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoteichoic acids (LTA) are the major inducers of the inflammatory response of blood cells caused by Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. CD14 is a common receptor for LPS and LTA that transfers the ligands to TLR4 and TLR2, respectively. In this work, we have demonstrated that the non-toxic LPS from Rhodobacter capsulatus PG blocks the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines during the activation of blood cells by Streptococcus pyogenes LTA through binding to the CD14 receptor, resulting in the signal transduction to TLR2/TLR6 being blocked. The LPS from Rhodobacter capsulatus PG can be considered a prototype for developing preparations to protect blood cells against the LTA of gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Zubova
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of RAS FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
| | - N. I. Kosyakova
- Clinical Hospital at the Pushchino Research Center, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
| | - S. V. Grachev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of RAS FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
- First Moscow State Medical University named I.M. Sechenov of Russia Health Ministry (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - I. R. Prokhorenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of RAS FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
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Zhong W, Kollipara A, Liu Y, Wang Y, O’Connell CM, Poston TB, Yount K, Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Li Y, Darville T, Zheng X. Genetic susceptibility loci for Chlamydia trachomatis endometrial infection influence expression of genes involved in T cell function, tryptophan metabolism and epithelial integrity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001255. [PMID: 36248887 PMCID: PMC9562917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Identify genetic loci of enhanced susceptibility to Chlamydial trachomatis (Ct) upper genital tract infection in women. Methods We performed an integrated analysis of DNA genotypes and blood-derived mRNA profiles from 200 Ct-exposed women to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and determine their association with endometrial chlamydial infection using a mediation test. We further evaluated the effect of a lead eQTL on the expression of CD151 by immune cells from women with genotypes associated with low and high whole blood expression of CD151, respectively. Results We identified cis-eQTLs modulating mRNA expression of 81 genes (eGenes) associated with altered risk of ascending infection. In women with endometrial infection, eGenes involved in proinflammatory signaling were upregulated. Downregulated eGenes included genes involved in T cell functions pivotal for chlamydial control. eGenes encoding molecules linked to metabolism of tryptophan, an essential chlamydial nutrient, and formation of epithelial tight junctions were also downregulated in women with endometrial infection. A lead eSNP rs10902226 was identified regulating CD151, a tetrospanin molecule important for immune cell adhesion and migration and T cell proliferation. Further in vitro experiments showed that women with a CC genotype at rs10902226 had reduced rates of endometrial infection with increased CD151 expression in whole blood and T cells when compared to women with a GG genotype. Conclusions We discovered genetic variants associated with altered risk for Ct ascension. A lead eSNP for CD151 is a candidate genetic marker for enhanced CD4 T cell function and reduced susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujuan Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Avinash Kollipara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Catherine M. O’Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Taylor B. Poston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kacy Yount
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Harold C. Wiesenfeld
- The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sharon L. Hillier
- The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiaojing Zheng, ; Toni Darville,
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiaojing Zheng, ; Toni Darville,
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6
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Jung F, Staltner R, Tahir A, Baumann A, Burger K, Halilbasic E, Hellerbrand C, Bergheim I. Oral intake of xanthohumol attenuates lipoteichoic acid-induced inflammatory response in human PBMCs. Eur J Nutr 2022. [PMID: 35857130 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine if xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone found in Hop (Humulus lupulus), has anti-inflammatory effects in healthy humans if applied in low doses achievable through dietary intake. METHODS In a placebo-controlled single-blinded cross-over design study, 14 healthy young men and women either consumed a beverage containing 0.125 mg xanthohumol or a placebo. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated before and 1 h after the intake of the beverages. Subsequently, PBMCs were stimulated with or without lipoteichoic acid (LTA) for 24 and 48 h. Concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble cluster of differentiation (sCD14) protein were determined in cell culture supernatant. Furthermore, hTLR2 transfected HEK293 cells were stimulated with LTA in the presence or absence of xanthohumol and sCD14. RESULTS The stimulation of PBMCs with LTA for 24 and 48 h resulted in a significant induction of IL-1β, IL-6, and sCD14 protein release in PBMCs of both, fasted subjects and subjects after the ingestion of the placebo. In contrast, after ingesting xanthohumol, LTA-dependent induction of IL-1β, IL-6, and sCD14 protein release from PBMCs was not significantly higher than in unstimulated cells after 48 h. In hTLR2 transfected HEK293 cells xanthohumol significantly suppressed the LTA-dependent activation of cells, an effect attenuated when cells were co-incubated with sCD14. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that an ingestion of low doses of xanthohumol can suppress the LTA-dependent stimulation of PBMCs through mechanisms involving the interaction of CD14 with TLR2. Study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04847193, 22.03.2022).
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7
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Thomas JHL, Lui L, Abell A, Tieu W, Somogyi AA, Bajic JE, Hutchinson MR. Toll-like receptors change morphine-induced antinociception, tolerance and dependence: Studies using male and female TLR and signalling gene KO mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:71-85. [PMID: 35131445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) have been proposed as a site of action that alters opioid pharmacodynamics. However, a comprehensive assessment of acute opioid antinociception, tolerance and withdrawal behaviours in genetic null mutant strains with altered innate immune signalling has not been performed. Nor has the impact of genetic deletion of TLR2/4 on high-affinity opioid receptor binding. Here we show that diminished TLR signalling potentiates acute morphine antinociception equally in male and female mice. However, only male TIR8 null mutant mice showed reduced morphine analgesia. Analgesic tolerance was prevented in TLR2 and TLR4 null mutants, but not MyD88 animals. Withdrawal behaviours were only protected in TLR2-/- mice. In silico docking simulations revealed opioid ligands bound preferentially to the LPS binding pocket of MD-2 rather than TLR4. There was no binding of [3H](-)-naloxone or [3H]diprenorphine to TLR4 in the concentrations explored. These data confirm that opioids have high efficacy activity at innate immune pattern recognition binding sites but do not bind to TLR4 and identify critical pathway and sex-specific effects of the complex innate immune signalling contributions to opioid pharmacodynamics. These data further support the behavioural importance of the TLR-opioid interaction but fail to demonstrate direct evidence for high-affinity binding of the TLR4 signalling complex to ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H L Thomas
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Liang Lui
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew Abell
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - William Tieu
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew A Somogyi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Juliana E Bajic
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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8
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Pisacreta E, Mannella P. Molecular and endocrine mechanisms involved in preterm birth. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:368-378. [PMID: 35319334 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2053519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a worldwide social problem. Incidence rates may vary from 5 to 18% of all deliveries, with important differences observed between developed and developing countries. Preterm birth has a negative impact on newborns and neonatal mortality and morbidity are high. Despite improvements in modern neonatal care, we know little of the mechanisms that determine the onset and development of preterm birth. Infections seem to be one the most important triggers, determining the activation of protective mechanisms aimed at ending the pregnancy and safeguarding the health of the woman. However, threatened preterm birth often occurs even in women who do not have any ongoing infectious process. Of these, which are the majority, the causes and the activation mechanisms remain unknown or unclear; however, there are several molecular and endocrine mechanisms that finally lead to preterm birth. In this review, we seek to shed light and summarize the molecular and endocrine mechanisms underlying the development of preterm birth. Their understanding could help us to understand the dynamics of premature birth but, above all, to allow an early diagnosis and primary prevention of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pisacreta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Mannella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Ngo QV, Faass L, Sähr A, Hildebrand D, Eigenbrod T, Heeg K, Nurjadi D. Inflammatory Response Against Staphylococcus aureus via Intracellular Sensing of Nucleic Acids in Keratinocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:828626. [PMID: 35281009 PMCID: PMC8907419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the clinically most relevant pathogens causing infections. Humans are often exposed to S. aureus. In approximately one-third of the healthy population it can be found on the skin either for long or short periods as colonizing "commensals", without inducing infections or an inflammatory immune response. While tolerating S. aureus seems to be limited to certain individuals and time periods in most cases, Staphylococcus epidermidis is tolerated permanently on the skin of almost all individuals without activating overwhelming skin inflammation. To investigate this, we co-cultured a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) with viable S. aureus or S. epidermidis to study the differences in the immune activation. S. aureus activated keratinocytes depicted by a profound IL-6 and IL-8 response, whereas S. epidermidis did not. Our data indicate that internalization of S. aureus and the subsequent intracellular sensing of bacterial nucleic acid may be essential for initiating inflammatory response in keratinocytes. Internalized dsRNA activates IL-6 and IL-8 release, but not TNF-α or IFNs by human keratinocytes. This is a non-specific effect of dsRNA, which can be induced using Poly(I:C), as well as RNA from S. aureus and S. epidermidis. However, only viable S. aureus were able to induce this response as these bacteria and not S. epidermidis were actively internalized by HaCaT. The stimulatory effect of S. aureus seems to be independent of the TLR3, -7 and -8 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Vinh Ngo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Larissa Faass
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Chair for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aline Sähr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hildebrand
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Eigenbrod
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Nurjadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Song Y, Zhou K, Nan X, Qin Y, Zhao K, Li W, Wang Q. A novel ML protein functions as a pattern recognition protein in antibacterial responses in Eriocheir sinensis. Dev Comp Immunol 2022; 127:104310. [PMID: 34762938 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2)-related lipid recognition (ML) domain is present in MD-2, MD-1, GM2-activator protein (GM2A) and Niemann-Pick disease type C2 (NPC2). ML proteins function in antibacterial signal transduction and lipid metabolism in vertebrates, but the mechanism in invertebrates is unknown. In this study, we found that ML proteins were involved in bacterial resistance in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). One member, EsML3, a soluble, bacterial-induced pattern recognition protein was upregulated in hemocytes following bacterial challenge. Recombinant EsML3 bound to Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) by interaction with peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide. EsML3 showed no direct bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal activity. Pre-incubating bacteria with rEsML3 significantly promoted in vivo bacterial clearance. EsML3 also promoted phagocytic activity and plays a role against bacterial infection. In summary, EsML3 mediates cellular immune responses by recognising invasive microorganisms, promoting bacterial clearance and phagocytosis against bacterial infection in crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaimin Zhou
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Nan
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukai Qin
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Nourbakhsh F, Lotfalizadeh M, Badpeyma M, Shakeri A, Soheili V. From plants to antimicrobials: Natural products against bacterial membranes. Phytother Res 2021; 36:33-52. [PMID: 34532918 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial membrane barrier provides a cytoplasmic environment for organelles of bacteria. The membrane is composed of lipid compounds containing phosphatide protein and a minimal amount of sugars, and is responsible for intercellular transfers of chemicals. Several antimicrobials have been found that affect bacterial cytoplasmic membranes. These compounds generally disrupt the organization of the membrane or perforate it. By destroying the membrane, the drugs can permeate and replace the effective macromolecules necessary for cell life. Furthermore, they can disrupt electrical gradients of the cells through impairment of the membrane integrity. In recent years, considering the spread of microbial resistance and the side effects of antibiotics, natural antimicrobial compounds have been studied by researchers extensively. These molecules are the best alternative for controlling bacterial infections and reducing drug resistance due to the lack of severe side effects, low cost of production, and biocompatibility. Better understanding of the natural compounds' mechanisms against bacteria provides improved strategies for antimicrobial therapies. In this review, natural products with antibacterial activities focusing on membrane damaging mechanisms were described. However, further high-quality research studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Lotfalizadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Badpeyma
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Soheili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Hu Z, Lin M, Ma X, Zhao G, Zhan K. Effect of Tea Tree Oil on the Expression of Genes Involved in the Innate Immune System in Goat Rumen Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082460. [PMID: 34438917 PMCID: PMC8388664 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) often causes significant losses on commercial farms. SARA is mainly caused by endotoxin (LPS) produced by the lysis of Gram-negative bacteria, which causes an inflammatory response. To alleviate the inflammatory response mediated by LPS, it is important to improve animal production performance. Tea tree oil (TTO) is a plant extract that possesses good bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects. According to this study, LPS can significantly induce inflammatory responses in goat rumen epithelial cells (GRECs), while the addition of TTO could markedly mitigate inflammatory responses mediated by LPS in GRECs. Therefore, it may be useful for the treatment of SARA. Abstract In subacute rumen acidosis (SARA), the rumen epithelium is frequently attacked by endotoxin (LPS), which is caused by the lysis of dead Gram-negative bacteria. However, the rumen epithelium innate immune system can actively respond to the infection. Previous studies have demonstrated that tea tree oil (TTO) has good bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TTO on the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory cytokines in goat rumen epithelial cells (GRECs) triggered by LPS. Our study shows that rumen epithelial cells isolated from goat rumen tissue can be cultured in vitro in 0.25% trypsin for a long time. These cells were identified as epithelial cells by the expression of cytokeratin 18, monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), Na[+]/H[+] hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1), vH+ ATPase B subunit (vH+ ATPase), and anion exchanger 2 (AE2). The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-2, NF-κB, CXCL6 and CXCL8 genes was significantly increased when LPS was used compared to untreated controls. In addition, mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-2, NF-κB, CXCL8, CXCL6 and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) genes was also significantly higher in the LPS group compared to the 0.05% TTO group. However, the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-2, CXCL6 and IFIT3 genes was significantly lower in the LPS and 0.05% TTO group compared to the 1 μg/mL LPS group. These results suggest that TTO can inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines expression in GRECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kang Zhan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-5272-0422
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Splichal I, Splichalova A. High Mobility Group Box 1 in Pig Amniotic Membrane Experimentally Infected with E. coli O55. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1146. [PMID: 34439812 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-amniotic infections (IAI) are one of the reasons for preterm birth. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein with various physiological functions, including tissue healing. Its excessive extracellular release potentiates inflammatory reaction and can revert its action from beneficial to detrimental. We infected the amniotic fluid of a pig on the 80th day of gestation with 1 × 104 colony forming units (CFUs) of E. coli O55 for 10 h, and evaluated the appearance of HMGB1, receptor for glycation endproducts (RAGE), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in the amniotic membrane and fluid. Sham-infected amniotic fluid served as a control. The expression and release of HMGB1 were evaluated by Real-Time PCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. The infection downregulated HMGB1 mRNA expression in the amniotic membrane, changed the distribution of HMGB1 protein in the amniotic membrane, and increased its level in amniotic fluid. All RAGE mRNA, protein expression in the amniotic membrane, and soluble RAGE level in the amniotic fluid were downregulated. TLR4 mRNA and protein expression and soluble TLR4 were all upregulated. HMGB1 is a potential target for therapy to suppress the exaggerated inflammatory response. This controlled expression and release can, in some cases, prevent the preterm birth of vulnerable infants. Studies on suitable animal models can contribute to the development of appropriate therapy.
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Membrive Jiménez C, Pérez Ramírez C, Sánchez Martín A, Vieira Maroun S, Arias Santiago SA, Ramírez Tortosa MDC, Jiménez Morales A. Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on Response to Biologics in Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040293. [PMID: 33921427 PMCID: PMC8069496 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin pathology of autoimmune origin and unknown etiology. There are various therapies for treating it, including a wide range of biopharmaceuticals indicated in moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Depending on their therapeutic target, they are classified as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNF) or cytokine inhibitors (interleukin-12, 23, and 17 antagonists). Although they have proved effective and safe, in clinical practice, many patients show a short- and long-term suboptimal response and even varying degrees of toxicity. This variability in response may be influenced by genetic factors, such as polymorphisms in the genes involved in the pathological environment, metabolism or mechanism of action of the drug that could affect the effectiveness and toxicity of biological therapies. This review assesses pharmacogenetic studies of the impact of genetic factors on response to biopharmaceuticals and toxicity in patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. The results suggest that polymorphisms detected in the HLA genes, in genes that encode cytokines (TNF, IL genes, TNFAIP3), transporters (PDE3A-SLCO1C1, SLC12A8), receptors (TNFRSF1B, CD84, FCGR2A and FCGR3A, IL17RA, IL23R, TLR genes, PGLYRP4) and associated proteins (TNFAIP3, LY96, TIRAP, FBXL19), as well as other genes implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis (CDKAL1, CARD14, PTTG1, MAP3K1, ZNF816A, GBP6, CTNNA2, HTR2A, CTLA4, TAP1) can be used in the future as predictive markers of treatment response and/or toxicity with biological therapies in patients diagnosed with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, tailoring treatment to the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Membrive Jiménez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.M.J.); (A.S.M.); (S.V.M.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Cristina Pérez Ramírez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.M.J.); (A.S.M.); (S.V.M.); (A.J.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Almudena Sánchez Martín
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.M.J.); (A.S.M.); (S.V.M.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Sayleth Vieira Maroun
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.M.J.); (A.S.M.); (S.V.M.); (A.J.M.)
| | | | | | - Alberto Jiménez Morales
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.M.J.); (A.S.M.); (S.V.M.); (A.J.M.)
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15
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Schneberger D, Pandher U, Thompson B, Kirychuk S. Effects of elevated CO 2 levels on lung immune response to organic dust and lipopolysaccharide. Respir Res 2021; 22:104. [PMID: 33836776 PMCID: PMC8033726 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Workplaces with elevated organic dust levels such as animal feed barns also commonly have elevated levels of gasses, such as CO2. Workers exposed to such complex environments often experience respiratory effects that may be due to a combination of respirable factors. We examined the effects of CO2 on lung innate immune responses in mice co-exposed to the inflammatory agents lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and organic dust. We evaluated CO2 levels at the building recommended limit (1000 ppm) as well as the exposure limit (5000 ppm). Mice were nasally instilled with dust extracts or LPS and immediately put into chambers with a constant flow of room air (avg. 430 ppm CO2), 1000 ppm, or 5000 ppm CO2 enriched air. Results reveal that organic dust exposures tended to show decreased inflammatory responses with 1000 ppm CO2 and increased responses at 5000 ppm CO2. Conversely, LPS with addition of CO2 as low as 1000 ppm tended to inhibit several inflammatory markers. In most cases saline treated animals showed few changes with CO2 exposure, though some changes in mRNA levels were present. This shows that CO2 as low as 1000 ppm CO2 was capable of altering innate immune responses to both LPS and organic dust extracts, but each response was altered in a different fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schneberger
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Upkardeep Pandher
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Brooke Thompson
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shelley Kirychuk
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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16
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Sarajlic M, Neuper T, Vetter J, Schaller S, Klicznik MM, Gratz IK, Wessler S, Posselt G, Horejs-Hoeck J. H. pylori modulates DC functions via T4SS/TNFα/p38-dependent SOCS3 expression. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:160. [PMID: 33023610 PMCID: PMC7541176 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that chronically infects approximately 50% of the world’s human population. While in most cases the infection remains asymptomatic, 10% of infected individuals develop gastric pathologies and 1–3% progress to gastric cancer. Although H. pylori induces severe inflammatory responses, the host’s immune system fails to clear the pathogen and H. pylori can persist in the human stomach for decades. As suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are important feedback regulators limiting inflammatory responses, we hypothesized that H. pylori could modulate the host’s immune responses by inducing SOCS expression. Methods The phenotype of human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) infected with H. pylori was analyzed by flow cytometry and multiplex technology. SOCS expression levels were monitored by qPCR and signaling studies were conducted by means of Western blot. For functional studies, RNA interference-based silencing of SOCS1–3 and co-cultures with CD4+ T cells were performed. Results We show that H. pylori positive gastritis patients express significantly higher SOCS3, but not SOCS1 and SOCS2, levels compared to H. pylori negative patients. Moreover, infection of human moDCs with H. pylori rapidly induces SOCS3 expression, which requires the type IV secretion system (T4SS), release of TNFα, and signaling via the MAP kinase p38, but appears to be independent of TLR2, TLR4, MEK1/2 and STAT proteins. Silencing of SOCS3 expression in moDCs prior to H. pylori infection resulted in increased release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, upregulation of PD-L1, and decreased T-cell proliferation. Conclusions This study shows that H. pylori induces SOCS3 via an autocrine loop involving the T4SS and TNFα and p38 signaling. Moreover, we demonstrate that high levels of SOCS3 in DCs dampen PD-L1 expression on DCs, which in turn drives T-cell proliferation. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Muamera Sarajlic
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Neuper
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Vetter
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria
| | - Susanne Schaller
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria
| | - Maria M Klicznik
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Iris K Gratz
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silja Wessler
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Salvador-Martín S, Bossacoma F, Pujol-Muncunill G, Navas-López VM, Gallego-Fernández C, Viada J, Muñoz-Codoceo R, Magallares L, Martínez-Ojinaga E, Moreno-Álvarez A, Solar-Boga A, Segarra O, Clemente S, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Alvarez-Vayo C, Loverdos I, Merino-Bohórquez V, Balboa-Vega MJ, Blanca-García JA, Fobelo MJ, Millán-Jiménez A, García-Romero R, Sanchez C, Tolín M, Caldas RG, Eizaguirre FJ, Sánchez-Hernandez JG, Torres-Peral R, Aznal E, García-González X, Sanjurjo-Sáez M, López-Fernández LA. Genetic Predictors of Long-term Response to Antitumor Necrosis Factor Agents in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020; 71:508-15. [PMID: 32773718 DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is more complex in children and they will have to live with the disease for much longer. For this reason, it is necessary to optimize treatment. The polymorphisms associated with the response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs in adults with IBD have not been analyzed in children. The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants associated with the long-term response to anti-TNF drugs in children with IBD. METHODS An observational, longitudinal, ambispective cohort's study was conducted. We recruited 209 anti-TNF-treated children diagnosed with IBD and genotyped 21 polymorphisms previously studied in adults with Crohn disease (CD) using real-time PCR. The association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and time-to-failure was analyzed using the log-rank test. RESULTS After multivariate analysis, 3 SNPs in IL10, IL17A and IL6 were significantly associated with response to anti-TNF treatment among patients diagnosed with CD (rs1800872-HR, 4.749 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.156-19.517), P value < 0.05; rs2275913-HR, 0.320 [95% CI 0.111-0.920], P value < 0.05; and rs10499563-HR, 0.210 [95% CI 0.047-0.947], P value 0.05, respectively). None of these SNPs were associated with response to infliximab in adults diagnosed with CD. Among patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1 SNP in LY96 was significantly associated with response to anti-TNF treatment (rs-11465996-HR, 10.220 [95% CI 1.849-56.504] P value < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Genotyping of these DNA variants before starting treatment may help to identify children who are long-term responders to anti-TNF drugs, and thus tailor treatment of pediatric IBD.
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Bhat SA, Walton SF, Ventura T, Liu X, McCarthy JS, Burgess STG, Mounsey KE. Early immune suppression leads to uncontrolled mite proliferation and potent host inflammatory responses in a porcine model of crusted versus ordinary scabies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008601. [PMID: 32886659 PMCID: PMC7508399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease of global significance. Our understanding of host-parasite interactions has been limited, particularly in crusted scabies (CS), a severe clinical manifestation involving hyper-infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Susceptibility to CS may be associated with immunosuppressive conditions but CS has also been seen in cases with no identifiable risk factor or immune deficit. Due to ethical and logistical difficulties with undertaking research on clinical patients with CS, we adopted a porcine model which parallels human clinical manifestations. Transcriptomic analysis using microarrays was used to explore scabies pathogenesis, and to identify early events differentiating pigs with ordinary (OS) and crusted scabies. Pigs with OS (n = 4), CS (n = 4) and non-infested controls (n = 4) were compared at pre-infestation, weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8 post-infestation. In CS relative to OS, there were numerous differentially expressed genes including pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL17A, IL8, IL19, IL20 and OSM) and chemokines involved in immune cell activation and recruitment (CCL20, CCL27 and CXCL6). The influence of genes associated with immune regulation (CD274/PD-L1 and IL27), immune signalling (TLR2, TLR8) and antigen presentation (RFX5, HLA-5 and HLA-DOB) were highlighted in the early host response to CS. We observed similarities with gene expression profiles associated with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis and confirmed previous observations of Th2/17 pronounced responses in CS. This is the first comprehensive study describing transcriptional changes associated with the development of CS and significantly, the distinction between OS and CS. This provides a basis for clinical follow-up studies, potentially identifying new control strategies for this severely debilitating disease. The immune response to Sarcoptes scabiei infestation is poorly defined. There have been few studies of crusted scabies, a debilitating clinical variant of the disease characterised by extremely high mite numbers. In this study, we used a pig model to explore differences in gene expression between clinical variants of scabies, including a focus on immune events occurring prior to the development of clinical signs. In early infestation, genes relating to inflammation, immune recognition and cell migration were potently suppressed in pigs with crusted scabies. This suggests that these pigs lacked the ability to mount a timely, effective immune response, allowing mites to proliferate unchecked. In later infestation, the large numbers of mites then triggered a strong inflammatory response leading to severe skin pathology. Gene expression profiles in crusted scabies shared similarities with other inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. This is the first study to compare immune responses in crusted and ordinary scabies in early infestation and reveals new insights into the progression of disease. Findings may lead to the development of new approaches to diagnose and treat this important, but neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad A. Bhat
- School of Health & Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc, Grange, Ireland
| | - Shelley F. Walton
- School of Health & Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- School of Health & Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- Cancer Research Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - James S. McCarthy
- Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stewart T. G. Burgess
- Diagnostics, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E. Mounsey
- School of Health & Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Splichal I, Rychlik I, Splichalova I, Karasova D, Splichalova A. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in the Ileum and Colon of Gnotobiotic Piglets Infected with Salmonella Typhimurium or Its Isogenic ∆ rfa Mutants. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090545. [PMID: 32842482 PMCID: PMC7551901 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes enterocolitis in humans and pigs. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer leaflet of Gram-negative bacteria that provokes endotoxin shock. LPS can be synthesized completely or incompletely and creates S (smooth) or R (rough) chemotypes. Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, and 9 initiate an inflammatory reaction to combat bacterial infections. We associated/challenged one-week-old gnotobiotic piglets with wild-type S. Typhimurium with S chemotype or its isogenic ∆rfa mutants with R chemotype LPS. The wild-type S. Typhimurium induced TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression but not TLR9 mRNA expression in the ileum and colon of one-week-old gnotobiotic piglets 24 h after challenge. The TLR2 and TLR4 stimulatory effects of the S. Typhimurium ∆rfa mutants were related to the completeness of their LPS chain. The transcription of IL-12/23 p40, IFN-γ, and IL-6 in the intestine and the intestinal and plasmatic levels of IL-12/23 p40 and IL-6 but not IFN-γ were related to the activation of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways. The avirulent S. Typhimurium ∆rfa mutants are potentially useful for modulation of the TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways to protect the immunocompromised gnotobiotic piglets against subsequent infection with the virulent S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic;
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Iva Splichalova
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague 4-Krc, Czech Republic;
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Alla Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-491-418-539
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Kent-Dennis C, Aschenbach JR, Griebel PJ, Penner GB. Effects of lipopolysaccharide exposure in primary bovine ruminal epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9587-9603. [PMID: 32747102 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether cultured ruminal epithelial cells (REC) responded to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and determine whether LPS induced a proinflammatory response. Primary bovine REC were isolated and grown in culture for 2 studies. In study 1, REC were isolated from Holstein bull calves (n = 8) and grown in culture for 10 to 12 d. Cells were then exposed to 0, 10,000, 50,000, or 200,000 endotoxin (E)U/mL of LPS (Escherichia coli O55:B5) for either 6 or 24 h. The effect of LPS exposure on cell viability was analyzed by flow cytometry using a propidium iodide stain. In study 2, cells were isolated from Holstein bull calves (n = 5) and yearling beef heifers (n = 4). Cells were exposed to either 1,000 or 50,000 EU/mL of LPS using the following conditions: (1) medium alone time-matched controls, (2) 12-h LPS exposure, (3) 24 h of LPS exposure, (4) 36 h of LPS exposure, (5) 12 h of LPS exposure followed by LPS removal for 24 h before restimulating with LPS for an additional 12 h (RPT), and (6) 12 h of LPS exposure followed by LPS removal for 36 (RVY). For both experiments, total RNA was extracted from REC and real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine relative expression of genes for toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF and IL1B), chemokines (CXCL2 and CXCL8), a lipid mediator (PTGS2), and growth factor-like cytokines (CSF2 and IL7). In study 1, LPS exposure did not negatively affect cell viability. Treatment of cells with LPS resulted in increased transcript abundance for all genes analyzed. The TLR2, IL7, and TLR4 had a greater magnitude of change at 6 h compared with 24 h. Quadratic expression patterns were detected for TNF, IL1B, CXCL2, CXCL8, and CSF2. These results suggested that REC increase expression of proinflammatory genes following exposure to LPS. In study 2, all genes analyzed were upregulated in a quadratic manner following exposure to LPS for different time intervals. The TLR4, TNF, CXCL2, CXCL8, CSF2, and IL7 gene expression was significantly greater after a single 12 h of LPS exposure than after RPT exposure, suggesting repeated exposure of REC to LPS may induce a tolerogenic effect. When LPS was removed from the medium (RVY), transcript abundance for all genes analyzed decreased and expression of TLR2, TLR4, and IL7 returned to baseline levels, suggesting REC recovered following exposure to LPS. Overall, the data suggest cultured REC respond to LPS stimulation by increasing transcription of proinflammatory genes and this transcriptional response was influenced by the dose, duration, and frequency of LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent-Dennis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - J R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - P J Griebel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization/Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E3; School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 2Z4
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8.
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Li B, Zheng T, Liu X, Hu BH, Che J, Zhao T, Chen J, Hatzoglou M, Zhang X, Fan Z, Zheng Q. Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Otitis Media. Front Genet 2020; 11:495. [PMID: 32536938 PMCID: PMC7267009 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs in many inflammatory responses. Here, we investigated the role of ER stress and its associated apoptosis in otitis media (OM) to elucidate the mechanisms of OM and the signaling crosstalk between ER stress and other cell damage pathways, including inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. We examined the expression of inflammatory cytokine- and ER stress-related genes by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the middle ear of C57BL/6J mice after challenge with peptidoglycan polysaccharide (PGPS), an agent inducing OM. We also evaluated the effect of the suppression of ER stress with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an ER stress inhibitor. The study revealed the upregulation of ER stress- and apoptosis-related gene expression after the PGPS treatment, specifically ATF6, CHOP, BIP, caspase-12, and caspase-3. TUDCA treatment of PGPS-treated mice decreased OM; reduced the expression of CHOP, BIP, and caspase 3; and significantly decreased the proinflammatory gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These results suggest that PGPS triggers ER stress and downstream proinflammatory gene expression in OM and that inhibition of ER stress alleviates OM. We propose that ER stress plays a critical role in inflammation and cell death, leading to the development of OM and points to ER stress inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach for the prevention of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tihua Zheng
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiuzhen Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Bo Hua Hu
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Juan Che
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhaomin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingyin Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Sundaram TS, Giromini C, Rebucci R, Baldi A. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Counteract Inflammatory and Oxidative Damage of Non-Transformed Porcine Enterocytes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060956. [PMID: 32486441 PMCID: PMC7341267 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Farm animals frequently suffer from chronic inflammatory diseases due to certain physiological or pathophysiological conditions such as weaning, the periparturient period and infections. Traditionally, antibiotics were added to animal diets to counteract inflammation and enhance growth. However, this leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial species which causes potential health hazards. Over several decades, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been known to exhibit a multitude of beneficial effects in animal health and are regarded as a functional food with therapeutic potential. We accessed the bioactivity of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in pig intestinal epithelium under different stress conditions in an in vitro set-up. Our results demonstrated the proliferative and cytoprotective properties of the two fatty acids, which are fundamental to determining the cellular mechanism for efficient utilization in pig diets. Abstract Marine and plant-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are widely added to animal diets to promote growth and immunity. We tested the hypothesis that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their 1:2 combination could counteract acute or long-term damage of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell line-J2 (IPEC-J2). The results showed that 24 h treatment with EPA or DHA exhibited proliferative effects in IPEC-J2 cells at low to moderate concentrations (6.25–50 μM) (p < 0.05). Further, 24 h pretreatment with individual DHA (3.3 µM), EPA (6.7 µM) or as DHA:EPA (1:2; 10 µM) combination increased the mitochondrial activity or cell membrane integrity post-LPS (24 h), DSS (24 h) and H2O2 (1 h) challenge (p < 0.05). Additionally, DHA:EPA (1:2, 10 µM) combination decreased the apoptotic caspase-3/7 activity around twofold after 24 h LPS and DSS challenge (p < 0.05). Our study confirms the proliferative and cytoprotective properties of EPA and DHA in IPEC-J2 cells. Increased intracellular mitochondrial activity and cell membrane integrity by ω-3 PUFAs can play a role in preventing enterocyte apoptosis during acute or chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Selvi Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-951335387
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Zhang W, Cai Y, Shan P, Wu D, Zhang B, Liu H, Khan ZA, Liang G. Arachidonic acid inhibits inflammatory responses by binding to myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD2) and preventing MD2/toll-like receptor 4 signaling activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165683. [PMID: 31953218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) plays a fundamental role in the function of all cells. Metabolites of AA contribute to inflammation as well as for resolving inflammation. Although AA-derived metabolites exhibit well-substantiated bioactivity, it is not known whether AA regulates inflammatory responses independent of its metabolites. With the recent discovery that saturated fatty acids activate toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), we tested the hypothesis that AA directly regulates inflammatory responses through modulating the activity of TLR4. In cultured cardiomyocytes and macrophages, we found that AA prevents saturated fatty acid-induced TLR4 complex formation with accessory proteins and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. We discovered that AA directly binds to TLR4 co-receptor, myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) and prevents saturated fatty acids from activating TLR4 pro-inflammatory signaling pathway. Similarly, AA reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages and septic death in mice through binding to MD2. In high-fat diet mouse model of obesity and LPS-induced model of acute lung injury, both mediating inflammatory responses through TLR4, treatment with AA prevented MD2/TLR4 dimerization, induction of inflammatory factors, and tissue injuries. In summary, we have discovered that AA interacts with MD2 and disrupts TLR4 activation by LPS and saturated fatty acids. These findings provide experimental evidence for a direct mechanism of AA-induced regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Hongjin Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China
| | - Peiren Shan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325025, China
| | - Di Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325800, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zia A Khan
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325800, China; Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, China.
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Mamipour M, Yousefi M, Dehnad A, Faridvand Y, Zarezadeh R, Khaksar M, Pouyafar A, Rahbarghazi R. Protective effect of bacterial lipase on lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity in rat cardiomyocytes; H9C2 cell line. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2019; 12:35-42. [PMID: 32211136 PMCID: PMC7080329 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular system is highly sensitive to LPS-induced oxidative damage. This study aimed to show the inhibitory effect of bacterial Lipase on LPS-induced cardiomyoblasts toxicity. Methods: Rat cardiomyoblasts H9C2 were classified into Control, LPS (cells received 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL LPS) and LPS+ Lipase groups. In LPS+Lipase group, different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide were pre-incubated with 5 mg/mL bacterial lipase at 37˚C overnight prior to cell treatment. After 72 hours, cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The expression of key genes related to toll-like receptor signaling pathways was assessed by real-time PCR assay. Percentage of fatty acids was evaluated in each group using gas chromatography assay. The levels of NO was also measured using the Griess reaction. Results: Data showed H9C2 cells viability was decreased after exposure to LPS in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Incubation of LPS with lipase increased cell survival rate and closed to near-to-control levels (P < 0.05). Lipase had the potential to blunt the increased expression of IRAK and NF-κB in cells after exposure to the LPS. Compared to the LPS group, lipase attenuated the increased level of NO-induced by LPS (P < 0.05). Gas chromatography analysis showed the reduction of saturated fatty acids in cells from LPS group while the activity of lipase prohibited impact of LPS on cell fatty acid composition. LPS decreased the ability of cardiomyoblasts to form colonies. Incubation of LPS with lipase enhanced clonogenic capacity. Conclusion: Reduction in lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity is possibly related to lipase activity and reduction of modified lipopolysaccharide with toll-like receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mamipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Yousefi
- Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Dehnad
- Biotechnology Department, East Azerbaijan Research and Education Center Agricultural and Natural Resources, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Faridvand
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Khaksar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayda Pouyafar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Ye YS, Pan AZ, Zhen Y, Kang MR, Zhang B, Yi WM. Antipruritic effects of electroacupuncture on morphine-induced pruritus model mice through the TLR2/4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway. Neuroreport 2019; 30:331-7. [PMID: 30822282 DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus is one of the common side effects of intrathecal or epidural injection of opioids. The aim of this study was to test the antipruritic effect of acupuncture and its possible mechanism. We used electroacupuncture (EA), toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4 antagonist sparstolonin B (SsnB), and TLR2/4 agonist peptidoglycan (PGN) to precondition female wild-type BALB/c mice, and then prepared a morphine-induced pruritus model. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting. The contents of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum were measured by ELISA assays. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the ratio of M1-phenotype to M2-phenotype macrophages. Our results showed that EA preconditioning improved pruritus; reduced the expressions of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB both at the mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05); reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α; and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P<0.05). EA promoted M2-phenotype macrophage differentiation. Moreover, these results showed no significant difference between the SsnB group and the EA+SsnB group (P>0.05), but showed a significant difference between the PGN group and the EA+PGN group (P<0.05). Therefore, we propose that EA may be involved in the remission of pruritus in morphine-induced pruritus model mice through the TLR2/4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway. EA is a potential therapeutic treatment for pruritus.
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26
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Splichal I, Donovan SM, Jenistova V, Splichalova I, Salmonova H, Vlkova E, Neuzil Bunesova V, Sinkora M, Killer J, Skrivanova E, Splichalova A. High Mobility Group Box 1 and TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Gnotobiotic Piglets Colonized/Infected with L. amylovorus, L. mucosae, E. coli Nissle 1917 and S. Typhimurium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6294. [PMID: 31847111 PMCID: PMC6940798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding nuclear protein that can be actively secreted by immune cells after different immune stimuli or passively released from cells undergoing necrosis. HMGB1 amplifies inflammation, and its hypersecretion contributes to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. We tested possible immunomodulatory effect of commensal Lactobacillus amylovorus (LA), Lactobacillus mucosae (LM) or probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in infection of gnotobiotic piglets with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Transcription of HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, and 9 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), TLR4-related molecules (MD-2, CD14, and LBP), and adaptor proteins (MyD88 and TRIF) in the ileum and colon were measured by RT-qPCR. Expression of TLR4 and its related molecules were highly upregulated in the ST-infected intestine, which was suppressed by EcN, but not LA nor LM. In contrast, HMGB1 expression was unaffected by ST infection or commensal/probiotic administration. HMGB1 protein levels in the intestine measured by ELISA were increased in ST-infected piglets, but they were decreased by previous colonization with E. coli Nissle 1917 only. We conclude that the stability of HMGB1 mRNA expression in all piglet groups could show its importance for DNA transcription and physiological cell functions. The presence of HMGB1 protein in the intestinal lumen probably indicates cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Vera Jenistova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Iva Splichalova
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Hana Salmonova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Vera Neuzil Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Jiri Killer
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Skrivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Alla Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
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27
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Peng Y, Zhang X, Zhang T, Grace PM, Li H, Wang Y, Li H, Chen H, Watkins LR, Hutchinson MR, Yin H, Wang X. Lovastatin inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in microglia by targeting its co-receptor myeloid differentiation protein 2 and attenuates neuropathic pain. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:432-444. [PMID: 31542403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in drug repositioning to find new therapeutic indications for drugs already approved for use in people. Lovastatin is an FDA approved drug that has been used clinically for over a decade as a lipid-lowering medication. While lovastatin is classically considered to act as a hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitor, the present series of studies reveal a novel lovastatin effect, that being as a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist. Lovastatin selectively inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TLR4-NF-κB activation without affecting signaling by other homologous TLRs. In vitro biophysical binding and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) show that lovastatin is recognized by TLR4's coreceptor myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2). This finding is supported by molecular dynamics simulations that lovastatin targets the LPS binding pocket of MD-2 and lovastatin binding stabilizes the MD-2 conformation. In vitro studies of BV-2 microglial cells revealed that lovastatin inhibits multiple effects of LPS, including activation of NFkB; mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6 and cyclo-oxygenase 2; production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species; as well as phagocytic activity. Furthermore, intrathecal delivery of lovastatin over lumbosacral spinal cord of rats attenuated both neuropathic pain from sciatic nerve injury and expression of the microglial activation marker CD11 in lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn. Given the well-established role of microglia and proinflammatory signaling in neuropathic pain, these data are supportive that lovastatin, as a TLR4 antagonist, may be productively repurposed for treating chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130112, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaozheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Peter M Grace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Hang Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Hongqian Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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28
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Jin J, Yu X, Hu Z, Tang S, Zhong X, Xu J, Shang P, Huang Y, Liu H. Isofraxidin targets the TLR4/MD-2 axis to prevent osteoarthritis development. Food Funct 2019; 9:5641-5652. [PMID: 30299441 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01445k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of joint pain and disability, resulting in large socioeconomic costs worldwide. Isofraxidin (ISO), a bioactive coumarin compound isolated from the functional foods Siberian ginseng and Apium graveolens, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of diseases. However, no studies have reported the protective effects of ISO against OA development. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of ISO in human OA chondrocytes, and in a mouse model of OA induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM). In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced overproduction of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was decreased by ISO pre-treatment. Furthermore, ISO attenuated the increased expression of inflammatory enzymes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in response to LPS stimulation. Meanwhile, LPS-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation was also reversed by ISO treatment. Mechanistically, ISO competitively inhibited Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) complex formation, and thus TLR4/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling cascades. In vivo, ISO treatment not only prevented the calcification and erosion of cartilage, as well as the thickening of subchondral bone, but also reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the mouse OA model. Taken together, these data suggest that ISO has potential in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109, Xueyuanxi road, 325027 Wenzhou, China.
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29
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Landsem A, Fure H, Krey Ludviksen J, Christiansen D, Lau C, Mathisen M, Bergseth G, Nymo S, Lappegård KT, Woodruff TM, Espevik T, Mollnes TE, Brekke OL. Complement component 5 does not interfere with physiological hemostasis but is essential for Escherichia coli-induced coagulation accompanied by Toll-like receptor 4. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 196:97-110. [PMID: 30444525 PMCID: PMC6422650 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close cross-talk between complement, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and coagulation. The role of the central complement component 5 (C5) in physiological and pathophysiological hemostasis has not, however, been fully elucidated. This study examined the effects of C5 in normal hemostasis and in Escherichia coli-induced coagulation and tissue factor (TF) up-regulation. Fresh whole blood obtained from six healthy donors and one C5-deficient individual (C5D) was anti-coagulated with the thrombin inhibitor lepirudin. Blood was incubated with or without E. coli in the presence of the C5 inhibitor eculizumab, a blocking anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD14) or the TLR-4 inhibitor eritoran. C5D blood was reconstituted with purified human C5. TF mRNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and monocyte TF and CD11b surface expression by flow cytometry. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PTF1·2) in plasma and microparticles exposing TF (TF-MP) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Coagulation kinetics were analyzed by rotational thromboelastometry and platelet function by PFA-200. Normal blood with eculizumab as well as C5D blood with or without reconstitution with C5 displayed completely normal biochemical hemostatic patterns. In contrast, E. coli-induced TF mRNA and TF-MP were significantly reduced by C5 inhibition. C5 inhibition combined with anti-CD14 or eritoran completely inhibited the E. coli-induced monocyte TF, TF-MP and plasma PTF1·2. Addition of C5a alone did not induce TF expression on monocytes. In conclusion, C5 showed no impact on physiological hemostasis, but substantially contributed to E. coli-induced procoagulant events, which were abolished by the combined inhibition of C5 and CD14 or TLR-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Landsem
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Fure
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - J Krey Ludviksen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - D Christiansen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - C Lau
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - M Mathisen
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - G Bergseth
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - S Nymo
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - K T Lappegård
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway
| | - T M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - T Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T E Mollnes
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen TREC, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - O-L Brekke
- Research Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital Trust, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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30
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Contreras-Riquelme S, Garate JA, Perez-Acle T, Martin AJM. RIP-MD: a tool to study residue interaction networks in protein molecular dynamics. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5998. [PMID: 30568854 PMCID: PMC6287582 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein structure is not static; residues undergo conformational rearrangements and, in doing so, create, stabilize or break non-covalent interactions. Molecular dynamics (MD) is a technique used to simulate these movements with atomic resolution. However, given the data-intensive nature of the technique, gathering relevant information from MD simulations is a complex and time consuming process requiring several computational tools to perform these analyses. Among different approaches, the study of residue interaction networks (RINs) has proven to facilitate the study of protein structures. In a RIN, nodes represent amino-acid residues and the connections between them depict non-covalent interactions. Here, we describe residue interaction networks in protein molecular dynamics (RIP-MD), a visual molecular dynamics (VMD) plugin to facilitate the study of RINs using trajectories obtained from MD simulations of proteins. Our software generates RINs from MD trajectory files. The non-covalent interactions defined by RIP-MD include H-bonds, salt bridges, VdWs, cation-π, π–π, Arginine–Arginine, and Coulomb interactions. In addition, RIP-MD also computes interactions based on distances between Cαs and disulfide bridges. The results of the analysis are shown in an user friendly interface. Moreover, the user can take advantage of the VMD visualization capacities, whereby through some effortless steps, it is possible to select and visualize interactions described for a single, several or all residues in a MD trajectory. Network and descriptive table files are also generated, allowing their further study in other specialized platforms. Our method was written in python in a parallelized fashion. This characteristic allows the analysis of large systems impossible to handle otherwise. RIP-MD is available at http://www.dlab.cl/ripmd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Contreras-Riquelme
- Computational Biology Laboratory (DLab), Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Network Biology Laboratory, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Tomas Perez-Acle
- Computational Biology Laboratory (DLab), Fundacion Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alberto J M Martin
- Network Biology Laboratory, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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31
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Rahman R, Sharma I, Gahlot LK, Hasija Y. DermaGene and VitmiRS: a comprehensive systems analysis of genetic dermatological disorders. biomed dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-018-0028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Yu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Xin J. TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway regulates IL-1β production in DF-1 cells exposed to Mycoplasma gallisepticum LAMPs. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:225-231. [PMID: 29471139 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) is one of the most important pathogens that cause chronic respiratory disease in chickens. M. gallisepticum-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) are thought to be one of the major factors in mycoplasma pathogenesis and are potent inducers of the host innate immune response. However, the interaction of pathogenic M. gallisepticum-derived LAMPs with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the signaling pathways responsible for activating inflammation and NF-κB have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that IL-1β expression was induced in DF-1 cells stimulated with M. gallisepticum LAMPs. Subcellular localization experiments using immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) showed p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in DF-1 cells following stimulation with M. gallisepticum LAMPs. Phosphorylation of p65 was detected in LAMP-stimulated DF-1 cells. Treatment with an NF-κB-specific inhibitor showed that NF-κB is required for M. gallisepticum LAMP-induced IL-1β expression. In addition, the results indicated that TLR2 and myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88)-dependent signaling pathways were involved in the activation of NF-κB by M. gallisepticum LAMPs. Together, these results provide evidence that M. gallisepticum LAMPs activate IL-1β production through the NF-κB pathway via TLR2 and MyD88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Jiuqing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, PR China.
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33
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Haw TJ, Starkey MR, Pavlidis S, Fricker M, Arthurs AL, Nair PM, Liu G, Hanish I, Kim RY, Foster PS, Horvat JC, Adcock IM, Hansbro PM. Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 have opposing roles in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L298-L317. [PMID: 29025711 PMCID: PMC5866502 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00154.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of morbidity and death and imposes major socioeconomic burdens globally. It is a progressive and disabling condition that severely impairs breathing and lung function. There is a lack of effective treatments for COPD, which is a direct consequence of the poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in driving the pathogenesis of the disease. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are implicated in chronic respiratory diseases, including COPD, asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of COPD are controversial and conflicting evidence exists. In the current study, we investigated the role of TLR2 and TLR4 using a model of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced experimental COPD that recapitulates the hallmark features of human disease. TLR2, TLR4, and associated coreceptor mRNA expression was increased in the airways in both experimental and human COPD. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, CS-induced pulmonary inflammation was unaltered in TLR2-deficient ( Tlr2-/-) and TLR4-deficient ( Tlr4-/-) mice. CS-induced airway fibrosis, characterized by increased collagen deposition around small airways, was not altered in Tlr2-/- mice but was attenuated in Tlr4-/- mice compared with CS-exposed WT controls. However, Tlr2-/- mice had increased CS-induced emphysema-like alveolar enlargement, apoptosis, and impaired lung function, while these features were reduced in Tlr4-/- mice compared with CS-exposed WT controls. Taken together, these data highlight the complex roles of TLRs in the pathogenesis of COPD and suggest that activation of TLR2 and/or inhibition of TLR4 may be novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatt Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Grow Up Well, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Stelios Pavlidis
- The Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Fricker
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Anya L Arthurs
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Prema M Nair
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Irwan Hanish
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- The Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia
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34
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Zhang Y, Xu T, Pan Z, Ge X, Sun C, Lu C, Chen H, Xiao Z, Zhang B, Dai Y, Liang G. Shikonin inhibits myeloid differentiation protein 2 to prevent LPS-induced acute lung injury. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:840-854. [PMID: 29243243 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a challenging clinical syndrome, which manifests as an acute inflammatory response. Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) has an important role in mediating LPS-induced inflammation. Currently, there are no effective molecular-based therapies for ALI or viable biomarkers for predicting the severity of disease. Recent preclinical studies have shown that shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone, prevents LPS-induced inflammation. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The binding affinity of shikonin to MD2 was analysed using computer docking, surface plasmon resonance analysis and elisa. In vitro, the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of shikonin were investigated through elisa, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blotting and immunoprecipitation assay. In vivo, lung injury was induced by intratracheal administration of LPS and assessed by changes in the histopathological and inflammatory markers. The underlying mechanisms were investigated by immunoprecipitation in lung tissue. KEY RESULTS Shikonin directly bound to MD2 and interfered with the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induced by LPS. In cultured macrophages, shikonin inhibited TLR4 signalling and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These effects were produced through suppression of key signalling proteins including the NF-κB and the MAPK pathway. We also showed that shikonin inhibits MD2-TLR4 complex formation and reduces LPS-induced inflammatory responses in a mouse model of ALI. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our studies have uncovered the mechanism underlying the biological activity of shikonin in ALI and suggest that the targeting of MD2 may prove to be beneficial as a treatment option for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheer Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangting Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuchu Sun
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjin Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxiang Xiao
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanrong Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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35
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Cho JA, Kim TJ, Moon HJ, Kim YJ, Yoon HK, Seong SY. Cardiolipin activates antigen-presenting cells via TLR2-PI3K-PKN1-AKT/p38-NF-kB signaling to prime antigen-specific naïve T cells in mice. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:777-790. [PMID: 29313959 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial defects and antimitochondrial cardiolipin (CL) antibodies are frequently detected in autoimmune disease patients. CL from dysregulated mitochondria activates various pattern recognition receptors, such as NLRP3. However, the mechanism by which mitochondrial CL activates APCs as a damage-associated molecular pattern to prime antigen-specific naïve T cells, which is crucial for T-cell-dependent anticardiolipin IgG antibody production in autoimmune diseases is unelucidated. Here, we show that CL increases the expression of costimulatory molecules in CD11c+ APCs both in vitro and in vivo. CL activates CD11c+ APCs via TLR2-PI3K-PKN1-AKT/p38MAPK-NF-κB signaling. CD11c+ APCs that have been activated by CL are sufficient to prime H-Y peptide-specific naïve CD4+ T cells and OVA-specific naïve CD8+ T cells. TLR2 is necessary for anti-CL IgG antibody responses in vivo. Intraperitoneal injection of CL does not activate CD11c+ APCs in CD14 KO mice to the same extent as in wild-type mice. CL binds to CD14 (Kd = 7 × 10-7 M). CD14, but not MD2, plays a role in NF-kB activation by CL, suggesting that CD14+ macrophages contribute to recognizing CL. In summary, CL activates signaling pathways in CD11c+ APCs through a mechanism similar to gram (+) bacteria and plays a crucial role in priming antigen-specific naïve T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Cho
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Joo Kim
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Moon
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Yoon
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seong
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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36
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Hillreiner M, Schmautz C, Ballweg I, Korenkova V, Pfaffl MW, Kliem H. Gene expression profiling in pbMEC - in search of molecular biomarkers to predict immunoglobulin production in bovine milk. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:369. [PMID: 29187202 PMCID: PMC5707921 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optimization of the immunoglobulin (Ig) yield in bovine milk used as therapeutic immune milk or whey for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in humans is of great importance to improve the economic efficiency of production. Individual dairy cows have diverse immune responses upon vaccination, resulting in a variable Ig yield in blood and milk. Therefore, it is advisable to pre-select cows with the best ability to produce and secrete high yields of specific Igs. Results The gene expression profile of pbMEC (primary bovine mammary epithelial cells), challenged with the gram-positive, non-mastitis, pathogen Clostridium difficile showed distinct and significant differences in the gene expression of effector molecules of the innate immune system. A number of genes were identified that could possibly serve as molecular biomarkers to differentiate high responder cows from low responder cows. These identified genes play key roles in the promotion of innate immunity. Conclusion Using a gene expression profiling approach, we showed that upon others, especially the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines was altered between the high and low responder cows. Those genes are indicated as potential molecular biomarkers in the pre-selection of cows that are able to secrete high immunoglobulin yields in milk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-017-1293-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hillreiner
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - C Schmautz
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - I Ballweg
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - V Korenkova
- Quantitative and Digital PCR Core Facility, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v. v. i. BIOCEV Center, Vestec, 252 50, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M W Pfaffl
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - H Kliem
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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37
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Xu H, Wu Y, Li L, Yuan W, Zhang D, Yan Q, Guo Z, Huang W. MiR-344b-1-3p targets TLR2 and negatively regulates TLR2 signaling pathway. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:627-638. [PMID: 28243080 PMCID: PMC5317246 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives COPD is an abnormal inflammatory response characterized by decreased expression of TLR2 in patients, which is suggested to induce invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in the pathogenesis of human respiratory system disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the miRNAs involved in the regulation of TLR2 signaling in COPD. Materials and methods miRNA microarray analysis was performed to screen for the dysregulated miRNAs in alveolar macrophages (AMs) isolated from COPD rats. The interaction between these miRNAs and TLR2 gene was predicted using miRBase and validated using dual luciferase assay. Based on the analysis, a novel miR-344b-1-3p was identified as a novel modulator of TLR2 gene. Then, the mechanism through which miR-344b-1-3p regulated TLR2 expression was explored using cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-pretreated NR8383 cells. Moreover, by subjecting CSE-pretreated NR8383 cells to Pam3CSK4, the effect of miR-344b-1-3p on NF-κB activity and other important mediators of COPD, including IRAK-1, ERK, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-2, was also assessed. Results COPD rat model was successfully induced by smoke inhalation. Among the 11 upregulated miRNAs in AMs from COPD rats, miR-344b-1-3p was predicted to be a novel miRNA targeting TLR2 gene. In the CSE pretreated NR8383 cells exposed to Pam3CSK4, miR-344b-1-3p inhibition increased the expression levels of TLR2, TNF-α, and IL-1β and decreased the expression levels of MIP-2. In addition, the phosphorylation of IRAK-1, IκBα, and IRK was augmented by miR-344b-1-3p inhibition. Conclusion Findings outlined in this study suggest that miR-344b-1-3p was an effective modulator of TLR2 gene, which can be employed as a promising therapeutic and preventive target of IPA in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
| | - Yuting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
| | - Deming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitao Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
| | - Zhenhui Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
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Bolduc JF, Ouellet M, Hany L, Tremblay MJ. Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligation Enhances HIV-1 Replication in Activated CCR6+ CD4+ T Cells by Increasing Virus Entry and Establishing a More Permissive Environment to Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:e01402-16. [PMID: 27928019 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01402-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligation on the permissiveness of activated CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 infection by focusing our experiments on the relative susceptibility of cell subsets based on their expression of CCR6. Purified primary human CD4+ T cells were first subjected to a CD3/CD28 costimulation before treatment with the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4. Finally, cells were inoculated with R5-tropic HIV-1 particles that permit us to study the effect of TLR2 triggering on virus production at both population and single-cell levels. We report here that HIV-1 replication is augmented in CD3/CD28-costimulated CCR6+ CD4+ T cells upon engagement of the cell surface TLR2. Additional studies indicate that a higher virus entry and polymerization of the cortical actin are seen in this cell subset following TLR2 stimulation. A TLR2-mediated increase in the level of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 subunit was also detected in CD3/CD28-costimulated CCR6+ CD4+ T cells. We propose that, upon antigenic presentation, an engagement of TLR2 acts specifically on CCR6+ CD4+ T cells by promoting virus entry in an intracellular milieu more favorable for productive HIV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE Following primary infection, HIV-1 induces an immunological and structural disruption of the gut mucosa, leading to bacterial translocation and release of microbial components in the bloodstream. These pathogen-derived constituents include several agonists of Toll-like receptors that may affect gut-homing CD4+ T cells, such as those expressing the chemokine receptor CCR6, which are highly permissive to HIV-1 infection. We demonstrate that TLR2 ligation in CD3/CD28-costimulated CCR6+ CD4+ T cells leads to enhanced virus production. Our results highlight the potential impact of bacterial translocation on the overall permissiveness of CCR6+ CD4+ T cells to productive HIV-1 infection.
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Tomaszewska-Zaremba D, Herman A, Haziak K. How does bacterial endotoxin influence gonadoliberin/gonadotropins secretion and action? J Anim Feed Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/67366/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chin PY, Dorian CL, Hutchinson MR, Olson DM, Rice KC, Moldenhauer LM, Robertson SA. Novel Toll-like receptor-4 antagonist (+)-naloxone protects mice from inflammation-induced preterm birth. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36112. [PMID: 27819333 PMCID: PMC5098167 DOI: 10.1038/srep36112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by bacterial infection, or by sterile inflammatory insult is a primary trigger of spontaneous preterm birth. Here we utilize mouse models to investigate the efficacy of a novel small molecule TLR4 antagonist, (+)-naloxone, the non-opioid isomer of the opioid receptor antagonist (−)-naloxone, in infection-associated preterm birth. Treatment with (+)-naloxone prevented preterm delivery and alleviated fetal demise in utero elicited by i.p. LPS administration in late gestation. A similar effect with protection from preterm birth and perinatal death, and partial correction of reduced birth weight and postnatal mortality, was conferred by (+)-naloxone administration after intrauterine administration of heat-killed E. coli. Local induction by E. coli of inflammatory cytokine genes Il1b, Il6, Tnf and Il10 in fetal membranes was suppressed by (+)-naloxone, and cytokine expression in the placenta, and uterine myometrium and decidua, was also attenuated. These data demonstrate that inhibition of TLR4 signaling with the novel TLR4 antagonist (+)-naloxone can suppress the inflammatory cascade of preterm parturition, to prevent preterm birth and perinatal death. Further studies are warranted to investigate the utility of small molecule inhibition of TLR-driven inflammation as a component of strategies for fetal protection and delaying preterm birth in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peck Yin Chin
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Camilla L Dorian
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - David M Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics &Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2S2, Canada
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Dziarski R, Gupta D. Role of MD-2 in TLR2- and TLR4-mediated recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and activation of chemokine genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519000060050101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
MD-2 is associated with TLR4 on the cell surface and enables TLR4 to respond to LPS. TLR2 without MD-2 does not respond to pure protein-free endotoxic LPS, ReLPS, and lipid A. MD-2 enables TLR2 to respond to non-activating LPS, ReLPS, and lipid A, and enhances TLR2-mediated responses to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, protein-containing LPS, peptidoglycan, and lipoteichoic acid. MD-2 enables TLR4 to respond to a wide variety of endotoxic LPS partial structures, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive lipoteichoic acid, but not to Gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan, and lipopeptide. MD-2 physically associates with both TLR4 and TLR2, but the association with TLR2 is weaker than with TLR4. Also, MD-2 and TLR2 and TLR4 enhance each other's expression. The highest induced genes in human monocytes stimulated with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell wall components are chemokine genes, and IL-8 is the highest induced chemokine. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria activate TLR2→ MyD88→IRAK→TRAF→NIK→IKK→NF-κB signal transduction pathway that induces transcription of the IL-8 gene. Therefore, TLR2 is a functional receptor for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and it induces activation of IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Dziarski
- Northwest Center for Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Gary, Indiana, USA,
| | - Dipika Gupta
- Northwest Center for Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Gary, Indiana, USA
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Ramstead AG, Robison A, Blackwell A, Jerome M, Freedman B, Lubick KJ, Hedges JF, Jutila MA. Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and MyD88 during Pulmonary Coxiella burnetii Infection. Infect Immun 2016; 84:940-9. [PMID: 26787722 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00898-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is an obligate intracellular, primarily pulmonary, bacterial pathogen. Although much is known about adaptive immune responses against this bacterium, our understanding of innate immune responses against C. burnetii is not well defined, particularly within the target tissue for infection, the lung. Previous studies examined the roles of the innate immune system receptors Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in peripheral infection models and described minimal phenotypes in specific gene deletion animals compared to those of their wild-type controls (S. Meghari et al., Ann N Y Acad Sci 1063:161-166, 2005,http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1355.025; A. Honstettre et al., J Immunol 172:3695-3703, 2004,http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3695) . Here, we assessed the roles for TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 in pulmonary C. burnetii infection and compared responses to those that occurred in TLR2- and TLR4-deficient animals following peripheral infection. As observed previously, neither TLR2 nor TLR4 was needed for limiting bacterial growth after peripheral infection. In contrast, TLR2 and, to a lesser extent, TLR4 limited growth (or dissemination) of the bacterium in the lung and spleen after pulmonary infection. TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 were not required for the general inflammatory response in the lungs after pulmonary infection. However, MyD88 signaling was important for infection-induced morbidity. Finally, TLR2 expression on hematopoietic cells was most important for limiting bacterial growth in the lung. These results expand on our knowledge of the roles for TLR2 and TLR4 in C. burnetii infection and suggest various roles for these receptors that are dictated by the site of infection.
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Jabot-Hanin F, Cobat A, Feinberg J, Grange G, Remus N, Poirier C, Boland-Auge A, Besse C, Bustamante J, Boisson-Dupuis S, Casanova JL, Schurr E, Alcaïs A, Hoal EG, Delacourt C, Abel L. Major Loci on Chromosomes 8q and 3q Control Interferon γ Production Triggered by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and 6-kDa Early Secretory Antigen Target, Respectively, in Various Populations. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:1173-9. [PMID: 26690346 PMCID: PMC4779307 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Interferon γ (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs) provide an in vitro measurement of antimycobacterial immunity that is widely used as a test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. IGRA outcomes are highly heritable in various populations, but the nature of the involved genetic factors remains unknown. Methods. We conducted a genome-wide linkage analysis of IGRA phenotypes in families from a tuberculosis household contact study in France and a replication study in families from South Africa to confirm the loci identified. Results. We identified a major locus on chromosome 8q controlling IFN-γ production in response to stimulation with live bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG; LOD score, 3.81; P = 1.40 × 10−5). We also detected a second locus, on chromosome 3q, that controlled IFN-γ levels in response to stimulation with 6-kDa early secretory antigen target, when accounting for the IFN-γ production shared with that induced by BCG (LOD score, 3.72; P = 1.8 × 10−5). Both loci were replicated in South African families, where tuberculosis is hyperendemic. These loci differ from those previously identified as controlling the response to the tuberculin skin test (TST1 and TST2) and the production of TNF-α (TNF1). Conclusions. The identification of 2 new linkage signals in populations of various ethnic origins living in different M. tuberculosis exposure settings provides new clues about the genetic control of human antimycobacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Jacqueline Feinberg
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Ghislain Grange
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Natascha Remus
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Christine Poirier
- Centre de Lutte Anti-Tuberculeuse, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil
| | - Anne Boland-Auge
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Céline Besse
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York
| | - Erwin Schurr
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Alcaïs
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | | | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University
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Faig A, Arthur TD, Fitzgerald PO, Chikindas M, Mintzer E, Uhrich KE. Biscationic Tartaric Acid-Based Amphiphiles: Charge Location Impacts Antimicrobial Activity. Langmuir 2015; 31:11875-11885. [PMID: 26488599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cationic amphiphiles have received increasing attention as antimicrobials given their unique ability to disrupt bacteria cell membranes. While extensive research has demonstrated that amphiphiles' hydrophobic-to-charge ratio significantly modulates antibacterial activity, less work has focused on elucidating the specific impact of charge location on amphiphile bioactivity. In this study, two series of cationic amphiphiles, termed bola-like and gemini-like, were synthesized with analogous hydrophobic-to-charge ratios yet differing charge location, and their resulting antibacterial activity was assessed. Bola-like amphiphiles exhibited preferential activity against two Gram-positive bacteria, with activity increasing with increasing hydrophobicity, whereas gemini-like amphiphiles were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with activity decreasing with increasing hydrophobicity. After identifying lead compounds from each amphiphile series (bola- and gemini-like), biophysical experiments indicated that both amphiphiles were membrane-active; notably, the lead gemini-like amphiphile exhibited a strong dependence on electrostatic interactions for membrane interaction. In contrast, the lead bola-like amphiphile exhibited a reliance on both hydrophobic and electrostatic contributions. These results demonstrate that charge location significantly impacts cationic amphiphiles' antibacterial and membrane activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | | | | | - Michael Chikindas
- Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Evan Mintzer
- Lander College of Arts and Sciences, Touro College , 1602 Avenue J, Brooklyn, New York 11230, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stern College , 245 Lexington Ave., Room 552, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Wang L, Wu LF, Lu X, Mo XB, Tang ZX, Lei SF, Deng FY. Integrated Analyses of Gene Expression Profiles Digs out Common Markers for Rheumatic Diseases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137522. [PMID: 26352601 PMCID: PMC4564267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatic diseases have some common symptoms. Extensive gene expression studies, accumulated thus far, have successfully identified signature molecules for each rheumatic disease, individually. However, whether there exist shared factors across rheumatic diseases has yet to be tested. METHODS We collected and utilized 6 public microarray datasets covering 4 types of representative rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis. Then we detected overlaps of differentially expressed genes across datasets and performed a meta-analysis aiming at identifying common differentially expressed genes that discriminate between pathological cases and normal controls. To further gain insights into the functions of the identified common differentially expressed genes, we conducted gene ontology enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis. RESULTS We identified a total of eight differentially expressed genes (TNFSF10, CX3CR1, LY96, TLR5, TXN, TIA1, PRKCH, PRF1), each associated with at least 3 of the 4 studied rheumatic diseases. Meta-analysis warranted the significance of the eight genes and highlighted the general significance of four genes (CX3CR1, LY96, TLR5, and PRF1). Protein-protein interaction and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the eight genes interact with each other to exert functions related to immune response and immune regulation. CONCLUSION The findings support that there exist common factors underlying rheumatic diseases. For rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis diseases, those common factors include TNFSF10, CX3CR1, LY96, TLR5, TXN, TIA1, PRKCH, and PRF1. In-depth studies on these common factors may provide keys to understanding the pathogenesis and developing intervention strategies for rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Bo Mo
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zai-Xiang Tang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang X, Zheng T, Sang L, Apisa L, Zhao H, Fu F, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zheng Q. Otitis media induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS) in TLR2-deficient (Tlr2(-/-)) mice for developing drug therapy. Infect Genet Evol 2015; 35:194-203. [PMID: 26296608 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling can regulate the pathogenesis of otitis media (OM). However, the precise role of TLR2 signaling in OM has not been clarified due to the lack of an optimal animal model. Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGPS) of the bacterial cell wall can induce inflammation by activating the TLR2 signaling. This study aimed at examining the pathogenic characteristics of OM induced by PGPS in Tlr2(-/-) mice, and the potential therapeutic effect of sodium aescinate (SA) in this model. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Tlr2(-/-) mice were inoculated with streptococcal PGPS into their middle ears (MEs) and treated intravenously with vehicle or SA daily beginning at 3days prior to PGPS for 6 consecutive days. The pathologic changes of individual mice were evaluated longitudinally. RESULTS In comparison with WT mice, Tlr2(-/-) mice were susceptible to PGPS-induced OM. Tlr2(-/-) mice displayed greater hearing loss, tympanic membrane damage, ME mucosal thickening, longer inflammation state, cilia and goblet cell loss. SA-treatment decreased neutrophil infiltration, modulated TLR2-related gene expression and improved ciliary organization. CONCLUSIONS PGPS induced a relatively stable OM in Tlr2(-/-) mice, providing a new model for OM research. Treatment with SA mitigated the pathogenic damage in the ME and may be valuable for intervention of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tihua Zheng
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lu Sang
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Luke Apisa
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hongchun Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Qingyin Zheng
- Transformative Otology and Neuroscience Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Fordham JB, Naqvi AR, Nares S. Regulation of miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p during macrophage and dendritic cell differentiation potentiates innate immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:195-207. [PMID: 25990241 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a1014-519rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are ubiquitous regulators of human biology. Parallel profiling of in vitro monocyte-to-Mφ and monocyte-to-DC differentiation revealed static, convergent, and divergent expression of miRNA. Bioinformatic and network analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs implicated miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p as negative regulators of intracellular signaling pathways, triggered not only by differentiation factors (M-CSF/GM-CSF/IL-4) but also from PRRs. Manipulation of miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p expression during the differentiation of mD-Mφ and mD-DC differentiation had minimal impact on the acquisition of phenotype but significantly abrogated the ability of these cells to mount inflammatory responses to pathogen-associated stimuli. Forced expression of these miRNAs, which are down-regulated during differentiation, inhibited release of inflammatory cytokines [TNF-α, IL-12(p40), IL-6] upon stimulation with LPS. Functional analysis revealed overlapping mechanisms of inhibition, including surface expression of TLR4/CD14/MD-1 and intracellular PKCα/NF-κB activation. Potential intermediary targets of the TLR4-NF-κB axis included members of the PI3K and MAPK families and PKC isoforms. These results demonstrate the requirement of miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p down-regulation for the generation of fully functional Mφs and DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jezrom B Fordham
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Afsar R Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Salvador Nares
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Das S, Alhasson F, Dattaroy D, Pourhoseini S, Seth RK, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Michelotti GA, Diehl AM, Kalyanaraman B, Chatterjee S. NADPH Oxidase-Derived Peroxynitrite Drives Inflammation in Mice and Human Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via TLR4-Lipid Raft Recruitment. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:1944-57. [PMID: 25989356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular events that link NADPH oxidase activation and the induction of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 recruitment into hepatic lipid rafts in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are unclear. We hypothesized that in liver, NADPH oxidase activation is key in TLR4 recruitment into lipid rafts, which in turn up-regulates NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and subsequent DNA binding, leading to NASH progression. Results from confocal microscopy showed that liver from murine and human NASH had NADPH oxidase activation, which led to the formation of highly reactive peroxynitrite, as shown by 3-nitrotyrosine formation in diseased liver. Expression and recruitment of TLR4 into the lipid rafts were significantly greater in rodent and human NASH. The described phenomenon was NADPH oxidase, p47phox, and peroxynitrite dependent, as liver from p47phox-deficient mice and from mice treated with a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst [iron(III) tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin] or a peroxynitrite scavenger (phenylboronic acid) had markedly less Tlr4 recruitment into lipid rafts. Mechanistically, peroxynitrite-induced TLR4 recruitment was linked to increased IL-1β, sinusoidal injury, and Kupffer cell activation while blocking peroxynitrite-attenuated NASH symptoms. The results strongly suggest that NADPH oxidase-mediated peroxynitrite drove TLR4 recruitment into hepatic lipid rafts and inflammation, whereas the in vivo use of the peroxynitrite scavenger phenylboronic acid, a novel synthetic molecule having high reactivity with peroxynitrite, attenuates inflammatory pathogenesis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarthi Das
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Firas Alhasson
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Diptadip Dattaroy
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Sahar Pourhoseini
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ratanesh Kumar Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Gregory A Michelotti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
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49
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Dulay AT, Buhimschi CS, Zhao G, Oliver EA, Abdel-Razeq SS, Shook LL, Bahtiyar MO, Buhimschi IA. Amniotic Fluid Soluble Myeloid Differentiation-2 (sMD-2) as Regulator of Intra-amniotic Inflammation in Infection-induced Preterm Birth. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 73:507-21. [PMID: 25605324 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM TLR4 mediates host responses to pathogens through a mechanism that involves protein myeloid differentiation-2 (MD-2) and its soluble form sMD-2. The role of sMD2 in intra-amniotic inflammation-induced preterm birth has not been previously explored. METHOD OF STUDY Human amniotic fluid (AF) sMD-2 was studied by Western blotting in 152 AF samples of patients who had an amniocentesis to rule-out infection (yes infection, n = 50; no infection, n = 50) or women with normal pregnancy outcome (second trimester genetic karyotyping, n = 26; third trimester lung maturity testing, n = 26). Histological localization and mRNA expression of MD2 in fetal membranes were studied by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The ability of fetal membrane to release sMD-2 and inflammatory cytokines was studied in vitro. RESULTS Human AF contains three sMD-2 proteoforms whose levels of expression were lower at term. Intra-amniotic infection upregulated sMD-2. MD-2 mRNA and immunohistochemistry findings concurred. In vitro, LPS and monensin increased, while cycloheximide decreased sMD-2 production. Recombinant sMD-2 modulated TNF-α and IL-6 levels in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. CONCLUSION sMD2 proteoforms are constitutively present in human AF. The intensity of the intra-amniotic inflammatory response to bacteria or perhaps to other TLR4 ligands may be facilitated through synthesis and release of sMD2 by the amniochorion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonette T Dulay
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Catalin S Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guomao Zhao
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily A Oliver
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sonya S Abdel-Razeq
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lydia L Shook
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mert O Bahtiyar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Irina A Buhimschi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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50
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Scuotto A, Djorie S, Colavizza M, Romond PC, Romond MB. Bifidobacterium breve C50 secretes lipoprotein with CHAP domain recognized in aggregated form by TLR2. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:367-75. [PMID: 25457102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular components secreted by Bifidobacterium breve C50 can induce maturation, high IL-10 production and prolonged survival of dendritic cells via a TLR2 pathway. In this study, the components were isolated from the supernatant by gel filtration chromatography. Antibodies raised against the major compounds with molecular weight above 600 kDa (Bb C50BC) also recognized compounds of lower molecular weight (200–600 kDa). TLR2 and TLR6 bound to the components already recognized by the antibodies. Trypsin digestion of Bb C50BC released three major peptides whose sequences displayed close similarities to a putative secreted protein with a CHAP amidase domain from B. breve. The 1300-bp genomic region corresponding to the hypothetical protein was amplified by PCR. The deduced polypeptide started with an N-terminal signal sequence of 45 amino acids, containing the lipobox motif (LAAC) with the cysteine in position 25, and 2 positively charged residues within the first 14 residues of the signal sequence. Lipid detection in Bb C50BC by GC/MS further supported the implication of a lipoprotein. Sugars were also detected in Bb C50BC. Close similarity with the glucan-binding protein B from Bifidobacterium animalis of two released peptides from Bb C50BC protein suggested that glucose moieties, possibly in glucan form, could be bound to the lipoprotein. Finally, heating at 100 °C for 5 min led to the breakdown of Bb C50BC in compounds of molecular weight below 67 kDa, which suggested that Bb C50BC was an aggregate. One might assume that a basic unit was formed by the lipoprotein bound putatively to glucan. Besides the other sugars and hexosamines recognized by galectin 1 were localized at the surface of the Bb C50BC aggregate. In conclusion, the extracellular components secreted by B. breve C50 were constituted of a lipoprotein putatively associated with glucose moieties and acting in an aggregating form as an agonist of TLR2/TLR6.
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