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Abstract
Comorbid depression and chronic pain are highly prevalent in individuals suffering from physical illness. Here, we critically examine the possibility that inflammation is the common mediator of this comorbidity, and we explore the implications of this hypothesis. Inflammation signals the brain to induce sickness responses that include increased pain and negative affect. This is a typical and adaptive response to acute inflammation. However, chronic inflammation induces a transition from these typical sickness behaviors into depression and chronic pain. Several mechanisms can account for the high comorbidity of pain and depression that stem from the precipitating inflammation in physically ill patients. These mechanisms include direct effects of cytokines on the neuronal environment or indirect effects via downregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, activation of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase that generates neurotropic kynurenine metabolites, increased brain extracellular glutamate, and the switch of GABAergic neurotransmission from inhibition to excitation. Despite the existence of many neuroimmune candidate mechanisms for the co-occurrence of depression and chronic pain, little work has been devoted so far to critically assess their mediating role in these comorbid symptoms. Understanding neuroimmune mechanisms that underlie depression and pain comorbidity may yield effective pharmaceutical targets that can treat both conditions simultaneously beyond traditional antidepressants and analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Walker
- Department of Symptom Research Laboratory of Neuroimmunology of Cancer-Related Symptoms at the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Boulevard, Room 1025, Houston, TX 77030.
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Eijkelkamp N, Hartgring SA, Steen-Louws C, Willemen H, Mao-Ying QL, Heijnen C, Hack E, Kavelaars A, Van Roon JA. FRI0016 Inhibition of chronic pain by il4-10 synerkine is superior to IL-4 or IL-10 monotherapy: a novel strategy to restrain (inflammatory) pain in rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bonestroo HJC, Nijboer CHA, van Velthoven CTJ, Kavelaars A, Hack CE, van Bel F, Heijnen CJ. Cerebral and hepatic inflammatory response after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in newborn rats. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:197-211. [PMID: 23689428 DOI: 10.1159/000346685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal encephalopathy induced by perinatal asphyxia is a serious condition associated with high mortality and morbidity. Inflammation after the insult is thought to contribute to brain injury. This inflammatory response to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) may not only occur in the brain but also in peripheral organs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of neonatal HI on the inflammatory response in the liver in comparison to inflammation in the brain. METHODS HI was induced in P7 Wistar rats by unilateral carotid artery occlusion and hypoxia. Cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels were determined in the brain and liver by quantitative PCR. Polarization of brain macrophages to the M1/M2-like phenotype and infiltration of neutrophils were characterized by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS 3 h after HI, an upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was observed in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the brain compared to mRNA levels in sham-operated animals. Additionally, cerebral CINC-1 and MCP-1 mRNA expressions were increased. We also observed increased numbers of macrophages/microglia of the M1-like phenotype as well as a small increase in granulocyte influx in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Conversely, in the liver 3 h after HI, a downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 and a trend towards an upregulation of IL-10 were observed compared to mRNA levels of sham-operated animals. However, hepatic CINC-1 expression was increased compared to levels in sham-operated animals. Following systemic hypoxia only, no significant changes in the expression of TNF-α, CINC-1 or MCP-1 were observed in the liver compared to sham-operated littermates, except for an upregulation in hepatic IL-1β expression 3 h after hypoxia. Twenty-four hours after insult, cerebral ipsilateral TNF-α, MCP-1 and CINC-1 mRNA expression was still increased, together with an increase in TGF-β expression. Moreover, an increase in macrophages/microglia of the M1-like phenotype was observed together with the appearance of macrophages/microglia of the M2-like phenotype around the cerebral lesion as well as an increase in granulocyte influx in comparison to 3 h after HI. In the liver, 24 h after HI, cytokine and chemokine responses were similar to mRNA levels in sham-operated animals except for a decrease in IL-10 and MCP-1. CONCLUSION We describe for the first time that brain damage following neonatal HI induces an early downregulation of the proinflammatory response in the liver. HI induces an early proinflammatory response in the brain with a concomitant increase in influx of neutrophils and polarization of macrophages/microglia to the M1-like phenotype starting at 3 h and increasing up to 24 h after HI. The inflammatory state of the brain changes after 24 h, with an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β together with the appearance of macrophages/microglia of the M2-like phenotype. The downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver is not due to systemic hypoxia only, but is induced by the cerebral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J C Bonestroo
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease (NIDOD), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Rijsdijk M, van Wijck A, Meulenhoff P, Kavelaars A, van der Tweel I, Kalkman C. No beneficial effect of intrathecal methylprednisolone acetate in postherpetic neuralgia patients. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:714-23. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rijsdijk
- Pain Clinic; Department of Anesthesiology; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - A.J.M. van Wijck
- Pain Clinic; Department of Anesthesiology; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - P.C.W. Meulenhoff
- Department of Pharmacy; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - A. Kavelaars
- MD Anderson Cancer Center; The University of Texas; Houston; USA
| | - I. van der Tweel
- Julius Center (Biostatistics); University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - C.J. Kalkman
- Pain Clinic; Department of Anesthesiology; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht; The Netherlands
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Weimar C, Kavelaars A, Gellersen B, Brosens J, de Vreeden-Elbertse J, Heijnen C, Macklon N. Migration of endometrial stromal cells from women with recurrent miscarriage. J Reprod Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kamijo T, Milart P, Wojcik K, Szkodziak P, Wozniak S, Czuczwar P, Paszkowski T, Landolsi H, Yacoubi MT, Stita W, Gribaa M, Hmissa S, Molenaar N, van Besouw NH, Steegers EAP, Visser W, de Kuiper P, de Krijger R, Exalto N, Lagrand R, Kaandorp SP, Mellink CHM, van Wely M, Redeker EJW, Knegt AC, Goddijn M, Vidal C, Giles J, Meseguer M, Zuzuarregui JL, Bosch E, Pellicer A, Schust D, Sugimoto M, Sugimoto J, Reus AD, Stephenson MD, Steegers EAP, Krijger de RR, Dunne van FM, Exalto N, Exacoustos C, Vaquero E, Di Giovanni A, Romeo V, Lazzarin N, Arduini D, Brahem S, Mehdi M, Atig F, Ghedir H, Ibala S, Ajina M, Saad A, Chang C, Wang H, Huang S, Pai S, Soong Y, Papanikolaou E, Pantos G, Grimbizis G, Bili E, Polyzos N, Karastefanou K, Humaidan P, Esteves S, Tarlatzis B, McNamee K, Topping A, Farquharson RG, Dawood F, Ruiz Galdon M, Lendinez AM, Palomares AR, Martinez F, Perez-Nevot B, Jimenez Fernandez A, Reyes-Engel A, Horcajadas JA, Savaris RF, Kovac V, Reljic M, Vlaisavljevic V, Colicchia A, Pergolini I, Gilio B, Rampini MR, Alfano P, Marconi D, Verlengia C, Alviggi E, Bellver J, Cruz F, Martinez MC, Ramirez J, Ferro J, Garrido N, Brown JK, Lauer KB, Inglis NF, Critchley HOD, Horne AW, Samli H, Cetinkaya Demir B, Ozgoz A, Atalay MA, Uncu G, Yan Y, Cai-hong MA, Jie QIAO, Xin-na CHEN, Weimar CHE, Kavelaars A, Gellersen B, Brosens JJ, de Vreeden-Elbertse JMT, Heijnen CJ, Macklon NS, Castillo JC, Dolz M, Caballero O, Abad L, Perez-Panades J, Bonilla-Musoles F, Eggert - Kruse W, Scholz S, Klopsch I, Strowitzki T. POSTER VIEWING SESSION - EARLY PREGNANCY. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Arimoto M, Asano K, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Band DL, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Battelino M, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellardi F, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Bhat PN, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bogaert G, Bogart JR, Bonamente E, Bonnell J, Borgland AW, Bouvier A, Bregeon J, Brez A, Briggs MS, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Burrows D, Busetto G, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Ceccanti M, Cecchi C, Celotti A, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Connaughton V, Conrad J, Costamante L, Cutini S, DeKlotz M, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Dingus BL, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Edmonds Y, Evans PA, Fabiani D, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Finke J, Fishman G, Focke WB, Frailis M, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Goldstein A, Granot J, Greiner J, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Haller G, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hernando Morat JA, Hoover A, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kavelaars A, Kawai N, Kelly H, Kennea J, Kerr M, Kippen RM, Knödlseder J, Kocevski D, Kocian ML, Komin N, Kouveliotou C, Kuehn F, Kuss M, Lande J, Landriu D, Larsson S, Latronico L, Lavalley C, Lee B, Lee SH, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lichti GG, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Marangelli B, Mazziotta MN, McBreen S, McEnery JE, McGlynn S, Meegan C, Mészáros P, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Minuti M, Mirizzi N, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Moretti E, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nelson D, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Okumura A, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paciesas WS, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Perri M, Pesce-Rollins M, Petrosian V, Pinchera M, Piron F, Porter TA, Preece R, Rainò S, Ramirez-Ruiz E, Rando R, Rapposelli E, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Rea N, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Reyes LC, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson PM, Scargle JD, Schalk TL, Segal KN, Sgrò C, Shimokawabe T, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stamatikos M, Starck JL, Stecker FW, Steinle H, Stephens TE, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tagliaferri G, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Tenze A, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Turri M, Tuvi S, Usher TL, van der Horst AJ, Vigiani L, Vilchez N, Vitale V, von Kienlin A, Waite AP, Williams DA, Wilson-Hodge C, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wu XF, Yamazaki R, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Fermi Observations of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from GRB 080916C. Science 2009; 323:1688-93. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1169101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Boomsma C, Kavelaars A, Eijkemans M, Lentjes E, Fauser B, Heijnen C, Macklon N. Endometrial secretion analysis identifies a cytokine profile predictive of pregnancy in IVF. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:1427-35. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Boomsma CM, Kavelaars A, Eijkemans MJC, Amarouchi K, Teklenburg G, Gutknecht D, Fauser BJCM, Heijnen CJ, Macklon NS. Cytokine profiling in endometrial secretions: a non-invasive window on endometrial receptivity. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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de Kloet CS, Vermetten E, Bikker A, Meulman E, Geuze E, Kavelaars A, Westenberg HGM, Heijnen CJ. Leukocyte glucocorticoid receptor expression and immunoregulation in veterans with and without post-traumatic stress disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:443-53. [PMID: 17245326 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with a dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). In addition, there is evidence for altered glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The aim of the present study was to differentiate between the effect of trauma exposure and PTSD on leukocyte GR expression and glucocorticoid immune regulation. Leukocyte GR binding characteristics and glucocorticoid sensitivity of immune activity, determined as the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on in vitro cytokine release and T-cell proliferation, were compared between veterans with PTSD, traumatized veterans without PTSD and healthy controls. Leukocyte GR density was significantly lower in veterans with and without PTSD compared to healthy controls. DEX-induced inhibition of T-cell proliferation was significantly lower in PTSD compared to trauma and healthy controls. DEX-induced increase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated interleukin-10 was less pronounced in traumatized veterans with and without PTSD compared to healthy controls. No group differences were observed in the effect of DEX on other cytokines or in baseline immune activity, except for lower tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in PTSD patients compared to healthy controls. The results suggest that trauma exposure is sufficient to induce changes in GR binding characteristics, whereas resistance of T-cell proliferation to DEX only occurs in PTSD. DEX resistance of in vitro immune activity was not a general phenomenon, but was restricted to specific immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S de Kloet
- Department of Military Psychiatry, Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lucas A, Cobelens PM, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, Holtmann G, Haag S, Gerken G, Langhorst J, Dobos GJ, Schedlowski M, Elsenbruch S. Disturbed in vitro adrenergic modulation of cytokine production in inflammatory bowel diseases in remission. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 182:195-203. [PMID: 17112600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of both inflammatory and functional gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. The goal of this study was to address neuroendocrine modulation of cytokine production by peripheral blood cells in GI diseases. METHODS We analyzed the in vitro effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist terbutaline and the glucocorticoid agonist dexamethasone on TNF-alpha and IL-10 production by LPS-stimulated monocytes in whole cell blood cultures in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in remission (N=10), diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, N=12), patients with a recent gastroenteritis (post-infectious group, N=10), and healthy controls (N=15). RESULTS In response to terbutaline, there was a significant increase in IL-10 production (concentration effect: p<0.05), which was diminished in IBD (group effect: p<0.01), comparable in IBS and controls, but enhanced in the post-infectious group (group x concentration effect: p<0.05). In contrast, terbutaline resulted in a concentration-dependent suppression of TNF-alpha production, which was comparable in all groups. Dexamethasone suppressed TNF-alpha production in a dose-dependent manner in all groups, but this effect was significantly more pronounced in post-infectious subjects (group effect: p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In IBD, disturbed adrenergic regulation of IL-10 could be part of the mechanism(s) underlying the modulation of disease activity by psychological stress. Diarrhoea-predominant IBS was not associated with altered adrenergic or glucocorticoid regulation of cytokine production by peripheral blood cells, whereas a recent history of gastroenteritis was associated with disturbed neuroendocrine modulation of cytokine production, which may play role in the pathophysiology of post-infectious IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lucas
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Hospital of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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Cobelens PM, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, Ribas C, Mayor F, Penela P. Hydrogen peroxide impairs GRK2 translation via a calpain-dependent and cdk1-mediated pathway. Cell Signal 2006; 19:269-77. [PMID: 16963227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative mechanisms of injury are involved in many neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury and multiple sclerosis. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) plays a key role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling modulation, and its expression levels are decreased after brain hypoxia/ischemia and reperfusion as well as in several inflammatory conditions. We report here that hydrogen peroxide downregulates GRK2 expression in C6 rat glioma cells. The hydrogen peroxide-induced decrease in GRK2 is prevented by a calpain protease inhibitor, but does not involve increased GRK2 degradation or changes in GRK2 mRNA level. Instead we show that hydrogen peroxide treatment impairs GRK2 translation in a process that requires Cdk1 activation and involves the mTOR pathway. This novel mechanism for the control of GRK2 expression in glial cells upon oxidative stress challenge may contribute to the modulation of GPCR signaling in different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Cobelens
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Lucas A, Holtmann G, Gerken G, Pietsch A, Braun-Lang U, Gilani K, Strassburger K, Gesing S, Janssen OE, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, Schedlowski M, Elsenbruch S. Visceral pain and public speaking stress: neuroendocrine and immune cell responses in healthy subjects. Brain Behav Immun 2006; 20:49-56. [PMID: 16364816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas responses to psychological stressors are well-characterized, little is known regarding responses to painful visceral stimuli. We analyzed the emotional, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and cellular immune responses to painful rectal stimulation and psychological stress in healthy individuals. Eleven healthy subjects were studied in three conditions on separate days: painful rectal distension, public speaking stress, and rest. Blood was drawn for endocrinological and immunological analyses; heart rate and blood pressure were measured continuously; state anxiety was assessed with a questionnaire (STAI-S). Anxiety scores were highest in the rectal distension condition. This was evident following rectal distension (mean STAI-S scores: 44.2+/-3.5 post-distension vs. 36.6+/-3.8 post-speech, p<.05), but anxiety was also elevated at baseline (41.6+/-3.9 vs. 32+/-3.2 recovery, p<.01). This anticipatory effect was reflected by elevated baseline cortisol (p<.05) and baseline ACTH (p<.01) levels, as well as circulating lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets, including decreased basal CD3+CD4+ cells (p<.05) and increased CD16+CD56+ cells (p=.06) compared to rest. Both public speech and rectal distension induced cardiovascular activation, but the effect was more pronounced following rectal distension (+63.8+/-9.4 mmHg in response to distension vs. +36.4+/-6.2 mmHg in response to speech for systolic BP, p<.05). Different response patterns were also observed in the distribution of circulating leukocytes and lymphocyte subsets, including CD16+CD56+ cells (p<.05). An acute visceral pain stimulus causes profound emotional, neuroendocrine, and immune cell responses, which are markedly affected by anticipatory anxiety. These findings may have implications for conditions associated with visceral hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lucas
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Essen, Germany
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Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, Karemaker R, Bakker J, Kamphuis P, de Vries W, van Bel F. Perinatal stress and steroids: Life-long effects on disease susceptibility. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-920437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Elsenbruch S, Lucas A, Gerken G, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, Holtmann G, Schedlowski M. Psychoneuroimmunological Responses to Psychological and Visceral Stress in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Psychother Psych Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-863368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Haerter K, Limmroth V, Vroon A, Kavelaars A, Heijnen C, Schedlowski M, Elsenbruch S. Adrenerge Modulation zellulärer Immunfunktionen bei experimenteller autoimmuner Enzephalomyelitis. Akt Neurol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-833471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Van Eden W, Van Der Zee R, Van Kooten P, Berlo SE, Cobelens PM, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, Prakken B, Roord S, Albani S. Balancing the immune system: Th1 and Th2. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61 Suppl 2:ii25-8. [PMID: 12379616 PMCID: PMC1766722 DOI: 10.1136/ard.61.suppl_2.ii25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Van Eden
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Cobelens PM, Kavelaars A, van der Zee R, van Eden W, Heijnen CJ. Dynamics of mycobacterial HSP65-induced T-cell cytokine expression during oral tolerance induction in adjuvant arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002; 41:775-9. [PMID: 12096227 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/41.7.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether oral administration of mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (HSP65) during adjuvant arthritis (AA) induces regulatory cells and cytokines. METHODS AA was induced in Lewis rats and from the time of disease onset HSP65 in the presence of soya bean trypsin inhibitor (STI) was administered orally every other day. The number of splenic CD4+CD25+ T cells and antigen-induced cytokine mRNA expression were determined. RESULTS Oral treatment with HSP65/STI reduced AA symptoms. After one feeding of HSP65/STI, the number of CD4+CD25+ splenic T cells increased and HSP65-specific T cells expressed increased levels of interferon gamma and interleukin 10. After two feedings, the expression of interleukin-10 mRNA remained increased, whereas there was low expression of interferon gamma mRNA. The number of CD4+CD25+ splenic T cells remained increased. CONCLUSIONS Oral treatment with HSP65/STI after AA onset reduces disease symptoms via dynamic changes in the number of CD4+CD25+ splenocytes and in antigen-induced cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Cobelens
- Department of Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital of the University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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van der Pompe G, Bernards N, Kavelaars A, Heijnen C. An exploratory study into the effect of exhausting bicycle exercise on endocrine and immune responses in post-menopausal women: relationships between vigour and plasma cortisol concentrations and lymphocyte proliferation following exercise. Int J Sports Med 2001; 22:447-53. [PMID: 11531039 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that bicycle exercise alters the endocrine and immune responses in men, but little information is available for women, especially middle-aged, post-menopausal women. The purpose of our study was to document the endocrine and immune reactivity to exhausting bicycle exercise in post-menopausal women, and to explore whether complaints of fatigue or low vigour are related to these exercise-induced responses. Thirteen healthy post-menopausal women participated in this study. We used a graded exercise protocol to study the kinetics of activation of the endocrine and immune system. We chose to examine hormones related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system such as adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and cortisol and hormones related to the pituitary such as prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH). With regard to the immune system, we examined the natural killer (NK) cell activity and pokeweed (PWM)-induced lymphocyte proliferation in addition to changes in peripheral blood cell counts. Our results demonstrate that acute physical stress results in a strong release of ACTH, cortisol, GH and PRL. The bicycle test significantly increased the number of CD3+, CD4+, CD16/56+ (NK cells) and CD8+ cells in our group of post-menopausal women. Interestingly, NK activity did not increase significantly despite an increase in NK cell numbers. PWM-induced lymphocyte proliferation did not change either. In addition, our data support the hypothesis that low vigour in post-menopausal women interferes with the endocrine and immune responses to exhausting exercise. In women with complaints of low vigour we found lower cortisol responses and higher increments in the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes as compared to those with high vigour scores. NK activity was unrelated to exhaustive mood states. These data indicate that endocrine as well as immune system activity changes in response to exhausting exercise in middle-aged, post-menopausal women. In addition, exhaustive mood states may contribute to cortisol responses and function of peripheral immune cells in post-menopausal women following exhausting exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- G van der Pompe
- Department of Experimental and Work Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Bont L, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, van Aalderen WM, Brus F, Draaisma JM, Pekelharing-Berghuis M, van Diemen-Steenvoorde RA, Kimpen JL. Local interferon-gamma levels during respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection are associated with disease severity. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:355-8. [PMID: 11443563 DOI: 10.1086/322035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2001] [Revised: 03/21/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of cell-mediated immunity during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 levels in nasopharyngeal secretions were measured in infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by RSV. A novel technique was used to measure in vivo cytokine levels in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs). Cytokine levels in the NPAs of 17 mechanically ventilated infants and 43 nonventilated hospitalized infants were compared. As expected, mechanically ventilated infants were significantly younger than nonventilated infants (7 vs. 14 weeks). IFN-gamma levels were above the limit of detection in the NPAs of 3 (18%) mechanically ventilated infants and in the NPAs of 26 (60%) nonventilated infants. IL-10 levels in the NPAs of mechanically ventilated and nonventilated infants were comparable. It is hypothesized that maturation-related mechanisms have a key role in the development of RSV LRTI that results in mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bont
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Abstract
Human thymocytes were tested for the capacity to express the preproenkephalin (PPE) gene and for production of the end product metenkephalin (MENK). It is shown here for the first time that the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-beta are capable of inducing PPE mRNA expression. Moreover, a culture of thymocytes with the cytokines results in intracellular expression of MENK as determined by immunohistochemistry. Thymocytes do not secrete detectable amounts of MENK, however, but only the larger MENK-containing peptides or proteins. Cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-10 increase the expression of PPE mRNA in 50% of the thymuses tested, whereas IFN-gamma does not induce changes in PPE mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kavelaars
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Room KC 03.068.0, Wilhelmina Children Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO BOX 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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22
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Lombardi MS, Kavelaars A, Cobelens PM, Schmidt RE, Schedlowski M, Heijnen CJ. Adjuvant arthritis induces down-regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases in the immune system. J Immunol 2001; 166:1635-40. [PMID: 11160205 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.3.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response by, e.g., chemokines, PGs, and beta(2)-adrenergic agonists. The responsiveness of these GPCRs is turned off by the family of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK1-6). These kinases act by phosphorylating the GPCR in an agonist-dependent manner, resulting in homologous desensitization of the receptor. Although GRKs are widely expressed throughout the body, leukocytes express relatively high levels of GRKs, in particular GRK2, -3, and -6. We investigated whether in vivo the inflammatory disease adjuvant arthritis (AA) induces changes in GRK expression and function in the immune system. In addition, we analyzed whether the systemic effects of AA also involve changes in GRKs in nonimmune organs. At the peak of the inflammatory process, we observed a profound down-regulation of GRK2, -3, and -6 in splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells from AA rats. Interestingly, no changes in GRK were observed in thymocytes and in nonimmune organs such as heart and pituitary. During the remission phase of AA, GRK levels in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes are returning to baseline levels. The decrease in GRK2 at the peak of AA is restricted to CD45RA(+) B cells and CD4(+) T cells, and was not observed in CD8(+) T cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate in this study, for the first time, that an inflammatory process in vivo induces a tissue-specific down-regulation of GRKs in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lombardi
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital of the University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Bakker JM, Kavelaars A, Kamphuis PJ, Zijlstra J, van Bel F, Heijnen CJ. Neonatal dexamethasone treatment induces long-lasting changes in T-cell receptor vbeta repertoire in rats. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 112:47-54. [PMID: 11108932 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are frequently administered for the prevention of chronic lung disease in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. However, neonatal treatment may have consequences for immune functioning in the long-term. Here we demonstrate that neonatal glucocorticoid treatment has long-lasting effects on mRNA expression of several Vbeta genes within the CD4 and CD8 T cell subset in rats. Changes in the peripheral T cell Vbeta repertoire may be a consequence of altered intrathymic selection events in which corticosterone plays an important role. Indeed, here we show that neonatal glucocorticoid treatment affects corticosterone production by thymic epithelial cells during neonatal life. In conclusion, changes in T cell Vbeta repertoire after neonatal glucocorticoid treatment may contribute to altered immune reactivity in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bakker
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, KC 03.068.0, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital of the University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Cobelens PM, Heijnen CJ, Nieuwenhuis EE, Kramer PP, van der Zee R, van Eden W, Kavelaars A. Treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis by oral administration of mycobacterial Hsp65 during disease. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43:2694-702. [PMID: 11145027 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2694::aid-anr9>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral administration of antigen prior to disease induction has been shown to induce peripheral tolerance in several experimental autoimmune diseases. However, the clinical benefit of pretreatment with antigens is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) could be treated by oral administration of mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (Hsp65) during ongoing disease. METHODS AIA was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Oral feeding of Hsp65 in the presence or absence of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) was started on day 11 after immunization. Arthritis was monitored visually, and joint pathology was examined radiologically. RESULTS Oral treatment with Hsp65 during ongoing disease significantly reduced the activity of AIA. However, treatment with Hsp65 was only successful when SBTI was coadministered to prevent breakdown of the Hsp65. The beneficial effect of Hsp65/SBTI treatment during AIA was also represented by a clear reduction of articular destruction, as visualized by radiography. Moreover, feeding Hsp65/SBTI resulted in a lower number of both spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells expressing the costimulatory molecule CD80 (B7-1). The number of cells expressing CD86 (B7-2) was not altered. Furthermore, MLN cells from AIA animals treated with Hsp65/SBTI contained a lower number of T cells expressing the activation marker CD134 (Ox-40). In addition, treatment with Hsp65/ SBTI was accompanied by an increased proliferative response of spleen cells to the Hsp65 antigen in vitro. Moreover, Hsp65/SBTI-treated rats showed less Hsp65-specific interferon-gamma and increased production of interleukin-10. CONCLUSION Ongoing AIA activity can be reduced by oral administration of Hsp65 only when protein breakdown in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Cobelens
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital of the University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Bakker JM, Kavelaars A, Kamphuis PJ, Cobelens PM, van Vugt HH, van Bel F, Heijnen CJ. Neonatal dexamethasone treatment increases susceptibility to experimental autoimmune disease in adult rats. J Immunol 2000; 165:5932-7. [PMID: 11067955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.10.5932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Major concern has emerged about the possible long term adverse effects of glucocorticoid treatment, which is frequently used for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Here we show that neonatal glucocorticoid treatment of rats increases the severity (p< or = 0.01) and incidence (p< or =0.01) of the inflammatory autoimmune disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in adult life. In search of possible mechanisms responsible for the increased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we investigated the reactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and of immune cells in adult rats after neonatal glucocorticoid treatment. We observed that neonatal glucocorticoid treatment reduces the corticosterone response after an LPS challenge in adult rats (p< or =0.001). Interestingly, LPS-stimulated macrophages of glucocorticoid-treated rats produce less TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in adult life than control rats (p<0.05). In addition, splenocytes obtained from adult rats express increased mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma (p<0.01) and TNF-beta (p<0.05) after neonatal glucocorticoid treatment. Apparently, neonatal glucocorticoid treatment has permanent programming effects on endocrine as well as immune functioning in adult life. In view of the frequent clinical application of glucocorticoids to preterm infants, our data demonstrate that neonatal glucocorticoid treatment may be a risk factor for the development of (auto)immune disease in man.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/blood
- Aging/immunology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/growth & development
- Animals, Newborn/immunology
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Corticosterone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Corticosterone/blood
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Dexamethasone/administration & dosage
- Dexamethasone/adverse effects
- Disease Susceptibility
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/epidemiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Female
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects
- Incidence
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1/biosynthesis
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Lipopolysaccharides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Severity of Illness Index
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bakker
- Departments of. Pediatric Immunology and Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital of the University Medical Center, and Rudolf Magnus Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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26
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Nieuwenhuis EE, Visser MR, Kavelaars A, Cobelens PM, Fleer A, Harmsen W, Verhoef J, Akkermans LM, Heijnen CJ. Oral antibiotics as a novel therapy for arthritis: evidence for a beneficial effect of intestinal Escherichia coli. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43:2583-9. [PMID: 11083284 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200011)43:11<2583::aid-anr28>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestinal flora is thought to play an important role in regulation of immune responses. We investigated the effects of changing the intestinal flora on the course of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by the use of oral antibiotics. METHODS Oral treatment with either vancomycin or vancomycin, tobramycin, and colistin was started after AIA and EAE induction. Clinical symptoms of AIA and EAE were monitored, and microbial analysis of ileal samples was performed. RESULTS Oral vancomycin treatment after disease induction significantly decreased clinical symptoms of AIA. Simultaneously, increased concentrations of Escherichia coli were detected in the distal ileum of vancomycin-treated rats. Ileal concentrations of E coli were inversely related to disease scores in rats with AIA. Coadministration of colistin/tobramycin to prevent the increase in E coli abrogated the beneficial effect of vancomycin on AIA. Vancomycin treatment also reduced the clinical symptoms of EAE. CONCLUSION We propose oral vancomycin as a novel therapeutic strategy in autoimmune diseases.
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27
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Roupe van der Voort C, Heijnen CJ, Wulffraat N, Kuis W, Kavelaars A. Stress induces increases in IL-6 production by leucocytes of patients with the chronic inflammatory disease juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a putative role for alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 110:223-9. [PMID: 11024553 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints. In the present study we demonstrate that exposure of JRA patients to a noradrenergic stressor (cold pressor test) results in enhanced LPS-induced IL-6 production by peripheral blood cells of these patients. Healthy, age-matched controls had the same rise in norepinephrine, but do not respond with changes in IL-6 production after exposure to the cold pressor test. Moreover, PBMC of patients with JRA express mRNA encoding alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors (AR), predominantly of the alpha(1d)-AR subtype. In contrast, we could not detect mRNA encoding for alpha(1)-AR in PBMC of healthy controls. The results of this study suggest that expression of alpha(1)-AR mRNA in PBMC during chronic inflammation is associated with altered responses of the immune system to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roupe van der Voort
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital of the University Medical Center Utrecht, Room KC03.068.0, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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28
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Abstract
Decreased quality of sleep is frequently reported by chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients. The pineal hormone melatonin is involved in regulation of sleep. We analyzed the nocturnal rise in melatonin in 13 adolescent CFS patients and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Saliva samples were collected at hourly intervals between 1700 and 0200 h. Nocturnal saliva melatonin levels were significantly higher in CFS patients, compared with controls, at midnight, 0100 h, and 0200 h (P < 0.001). No differences were observed in timing of melatonin increase in saliva between patients and controls. Time of sleep onset and duration of sleep did not differ significantly between patients and controls. However, all CFS patients and only one of the controls in our study group reported unrefreshing sleep. Our data demonstrate that sleep problems in adolescents with CFS are associated with increased melatonin levels during the first part of the night. Based on these data, we suggest that there is no indication for melatonin supplementation in adolescents with CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Knook
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children Hospital of the University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Rouppe van der Voort C, Kavelaars A, van de Pol M, Heijnen CJ. Noradrenaline induces phosphorylation of ERK-2 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after induction of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 108:82-91. [PMID: 10900341 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
alpha(1)-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are not expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy human individuals. However, in the present study we show that alpha(1)-ARs can be induced in lymphocytes after culturing with either the mitogen PHA or the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Moreover, incubation of these activated PBMCs with noradrenaline (NA) results in enhanced phosphorylation of ERK-2, a kinase involved in the activation of many immune functions. Similar induction of alpha(1)-AR mRNA with concomitant NA-induced activation of ERK-2 occurs in monocytes after culture with LPS. Our results demonstrate that functional alpha(1)-ARs can be induced on PBMCs and that these alpha(1)-ARs mediate NA-induced activation of ERK-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rouppe van der Voort
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children Hospital of the University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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30
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Bont L, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, van Aalderen WM, Brus F, Draaisma JT, Geelen SM, Kimpen JL. Monocyte IL-10 production during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is associated with recurrent wheezing in a one-year follow-up study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1518-23. [PMID: 10806148 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9904078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is associated with subsequent recurrent wheezing episodes. To determine whether cytokine responses during infection can be of predictive value for the development of recurrent wheezing, we performed a follow-up study in 50 hospitalized children with RSV bronchiolitis. Monocyte and lymphocyte cytokine responses in vitro were studied during the acute phase of disease, and again during the convalescent phase, 3 to 4 wk later. Monocyte cytokine responses, including interleukin-10 (IL-10), were measured in whole blood cultures, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma (LPS + IFN-gamma). In addition, T-cell cytokine responses, including IFN-gamma and IL-4 production, were measured in whole-blood cultures stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or alphaCD2 + alphaCD28. Cytokine responses were analyzed in relation to the development of recurrent episodes of wheezing, documented by parents in a diary during a 1-yr follow-up period. IL-10 responses during the acute phase of RSV bronchiolitis were comparable to those in healthy control subjects. During the convalescent phase, IL-10 responses were significantly increased in patients as compared with those in healthy control subjects (p < 0.001). At follow-up, 27 children (58%) had recurrent episodes of wheezing. IL-10 levels, measured during the convalescent phase, were significantly higher in patients who developed recurrent wheezing during the year after RSV bronchiolitis than in patients without recurrent episodes of wheezing (p = 0.006). Moreover, IL-10 responses during the convalescent phase correlated significantly with the number of wheezing episodes (r = 0.42, n = 46, p = 0.004). Interestingly, no association was found between IFN-gamma responses, IL-4 responses, or IFNgamma/IL-4 ratios and recurrent wheezing. We conclude that monocyte IL-10 responses in vitro upon stimulation with nonspecific stimuli may have predictive value for the development of recurrent wheezing after RSV bronchiolitis. Moreover, our results indicate that not only allergen-driven Th2 cytokine responses can lead to asthmatic symptoms but also virus-induced changes in cytokine responses may result in asthmatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bont
- University Hospital for Children and Youth "Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis," Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Bont L, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, van Vught AJ, Kimpen JL. Monocyte interleukin-12 production is inversely related to duration of respiratory failure in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:1772-5. [PMID: 10823782 DOI: 10.1086/315433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/1999] [Revised: 12/23/1999] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation of clinical and immunological parameters with the duration of respiratory failure was investigated to identify factors determining the clinical outcome of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis necessitating mechanical ventilation. At initiation of mechanical ventilation in 30 patients with RSV, production of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 was measured in 48-h peripheral blood cell cultures that were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. The ventilation index (VI)-an indicator of respiratory dysfunction that includes partial pressure of arterial CO2, peak airway pressure, and respiratory rate-correlated with the duration of mechanical ventilation (r=.47; P=.013). Age was not associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation. A highly significant inverse correlation was found between the duration of mechanical ventilation and the production of IL-12 at admission (r=-.62; P<.001). This correlation was independent of VI. No correlation was found between IL-10 production and the duration of mechanical ventilation. It is hypothesized that low monocyte IL-12 response during initial RSV infection adversely affects clinical outcome of patients with severe RSV bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bont
- Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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32
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Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the interaction between neuroendocrine mediators and the immune system in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We examined the sensitivity of the immune system to the glucocorticoid agonist dexamethasone and the beta2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline in 15 adolescent girls with CFS and 14 age- and sex-matched controls. Dexamethasone inhibits T-cell proliferation in healthy controls and in CFS patients. However, the maximal effect of dexamethasone on T-cell proliferation is significantly reduced in CFS patients as compared with controls. The beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and enhances interleukin-10 production by monocytes. Our data demonstrate that the capacity of a beta2-adrenergic agonist to regulate the production of these two cytokines is also reduced in CFS patients. We did not observe differences in baseline or CRH-induced cortisol and ACTH between CFS patients and controls. Baseline noradrenaline was similar in CFS and controls, whereas baseline adrenaline levels were significantly higher in CFS patients. We conclude that CFS is accompanied by a relative resistance of the immune system to regulation by the neuroendocrine system. Based on these data, we suggest CFS should be viewed as a disease of deficient neuroendocrine-immune communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kavelaars
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital of the University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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33
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Pawlak CR, Jacobs R, Mikeska E, Ochsmann S, Lombardi MS, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, Schmidt RE, Schedlowski M. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus differ from healthy controls in their immunological response to acute psychological stress. Brain Behav Immun 1999; 13:287-302. [PMID: 10600217 DOI: 10.1006/brbi.1999.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations suggest that psychological stress induces exacerbation of disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In order to determine whether SLE patients differ from healthy controls in their stress response, we analyzed heart rate, blood pressure, catecholamine concentration, lymphocyte subpopulations, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and expression of beta-adrenoceptors on PBMC before, immediately after, and 1 h after a public speaking task in 15 SLE patients and 15 healthy subjects. Both groups demonstrated similar psychological, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine responses to acute stress. However, natural killer (CD16(+)/CD56(+)) cell numbers transiently increased after stress exposure, with significantly less pronounced changes in SLE patients. In addition, NK activity increased in healthy controls (n = 8) but not in SLE patients (n = 4) after acute stress. Furthermore, the number of beta(2)-adrenoceptors on PBMC significantly increased only in healthy subjects (n = 8) after stress but not in SLE patients (n = 7). These data indicate that SLE patients differ from healthy controls in stress-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Pawlak
- Division of Medical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30623, Germany
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34
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Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, Tennekes R, Bruggink JE, Koolhaas JM. Individual behavioral characteristics of wild-type rats predict susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Behav Immun 1999; 13:279-86. [PMID: 10600216 DOI: 10.1006/brbi.1998.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine-immune interactions are thought to be important in determining susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Animal studies have revealed that differences in susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are related to reactivity in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. It is known that there is a close relation between neuroendocrine parameters and behavioral characteristics, suggesting that behavior and disease susceptibility may be associated. In the present study we investigated whether behavioral characteristics of wild-type rats are related to susceptibility to disease. We show here that the latency of the animal to attack an intruder correlates significantly with the EAE disease score: animals that do not attack the intruder during the test period are more resistant to the disease than animals with short attack latency times. These data, obtained in an unselected strain of wild-type rats, demonstrate that behavioral response patterns of individual animals can in part predict susceptibility to autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kavelaars
- Department of Immunology, University Children Hospital, "Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis,", 3051 CA, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Neuroendocrine system and immune system can communicate via the use of soluble mediators like hormones, neurotransmitters and cytokines. The level of mediators secreted by either of these systems creates the milieu in which immune and neuroendocrine responses take place. For adequate communication between the systems, receptors for hormones, neurotransmitters and cytokines are required. This review describes the role of regulated expression and function of receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters within the immune system in neuroendocrine-immune communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Heijnen
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital of the University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Goverse A, Rouppe van der Voort J, Roppe van der Voort C, Kavelaars A, Smant G, Schots A, Bakker J, Helder J. Naturally induced secretions of the potato cyst nematode co-stimulate the proliferation of both tobacco leaf protoplasts and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 1999; 12:872-81. [PMID: 10517027 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.10.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Naturally induced secretions from infective juveniles of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis co-stimulate the proliferation of tobacco leaf protoplasts in the presence of the synthetic phytohormones alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). With the use of a protoplast-based bioassay, a low-molecular-weight peptide(s) (< 3 kDa) was shown to be responsible for the observed effect. This mitogenic oligopeptide(s) is functionally dissimilar to auxin and cytokinin and, in addition, it does not change the sensitivity of the protoplasts toward these phytohormones. In combination with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA), cyst nematode secretions also co-stimulated mitogenesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The stimulation of plant cells isolated from nontarget tissue--these nematodes normally invade the roots of potato plants--suggests the activation of a general signal transduction mechanism(s) by an oligopeptide(s) secreted by the nematode. Whether a similar oligopeptide-induced mechanism underlies human PBMC activation remains to be investigated. Reactivation of the cell cycle is a crucial event in feeding cell formation by cyst nematodes. The secretion of a mitogenic low-molecular-weight peptide(s) by infective juveniles of the potato cyst nematode could contribute to the redifferentiation of plant cells into such a feeding cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goverse
- Graduate School for Experimental Plant Sciences, Laboratory for Nematology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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38
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Bont L, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, van Aalderen WM, Brus F, Draaisma JT, Geelen SM, van Vught HJ, Kimpen JL. Peripheral blood cytokine responses and disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Eur Respir J 1999; 14:144-9. [PMID: 10489842 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14a24.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of cellular immunity in disease severity in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is largely unknown. This study investigated the association between disease severity and systemic cytokine responses in hospitalized ventilated and nonventilated RSV bronchiolitis patients. In whole blood cultures stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), lymphoproliferative responses and interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 production during acute illness were measured. In addition, plasma cytokines were measured. Measurements were repeated in the convalescent phase, 3-4 weeks after admission. Fifty patients were included. The median age in ventilaled patients was significantly lower than in nonventilated patients (1 versus 4 months, p<0.05). In comparison with nonventilated patients, the ventilated patients had significantly lower lymphoproliferative responses and a lower production of IFN-gamma and IL-4. In fact, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in ventilated patients was almost completely undetectable. Plasma IL-8 levels in ventilated patients were significantly higher than in nonventilated patients. In the convalescent phase, lymphoproliferative and cytokine responses as well as plasma IL-8 levels were normal in both patient groups. Since RSV bronchiolitis is associated with the subsequent development of asthma, the possible skewing of the T-helper (Th1/Th2) cytokine balance was investigated. This was found neither in the acute nor in the convalescent phase. In conclusion, the data indicate that depressed lymphocyte function and elevated plasma interleukin-8 levels are markers of severe disease. It is suggested that age and maturation related immune mechanisms could explain the occurrence of severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis requiring mechanical ventilation in young infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bont
- University Hospital for Children and Youth Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Duval EL, Kavelaars A, Veenhuizen L, van Vught AJ, van de Wal HJ, Heijnen CJ. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine patterns during and after cardiac surgery in young children. Eur J Pediatr 1999; 158:387-93. [PMID: 10333121 DOI: 10.1007/s004310051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The systemic inflammatory response that occurs after cardiopulmonary bypass shows many changes similar to those seen in sepsis. The mechanisms for these changes have been attributed to cellular and humoral activation, such as increased secretion of cytokines and complement. The aim of our study was to investigate the cytokine pattern of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in young children during and after bypass surgery. Nineteen children undergoing either septal defect correction (n = 12), or more complex surgery (n = 7), were prospectively included in this study. There were significant higher pre-operative levels of circulating cytokines in the latter group. Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery induced in both groups a rise in circulating cytokine levels and a sharp decline in the capacity of the leucocytes to secrete interleukines-6 and -8 in response to ex vivo stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Ex vivo production of interleukine-1 receptor antagonist was slightly attenuated by the procedure. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of ex vivo pro- and, to some extent, anti-inflammatory cytokine production may be a reflection of a cellular stress response, induced by anaesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Duval
- Paediatric Heart Centre, University Hospital for Children and Youth, Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lombardi MS, Kavelaars A, Schedlowski M, Bijlsma JW, Okihara KL, Van de Pol M, Ochsmann S, Pawlak C, Schmidt RE, Heijnen CJ. Decreased expression and activity of G-protein-coupled receptor kinases in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. FASEB J 1999; 13:715-25. [PMID: 10094932 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.13.6.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-Adrenergic and chemokine receptor antagonists delay the onset and reduce the severity of joint injury in rheumatoid arthritis. beta2-Adrenergic and chemokine receptors belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor family whose responsiveness is turned off by the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase family (GRK-1 to 6). GRKs phosphorylate receptors in an agonist-dependent manner resulting in receptor/G-protein uncoupling via subsequent binding of arrestin proteins. We assessed the activity of GRKs in lymphocytes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by rhodopsin phosphorylation. We found a significant decrease in GRK activity in RA subjects that is mirrored by a decrease in GRK-2 protein expression. Moreover, GRK-6 protein expression is reduced in RA patients whereas GRK-5 protein levels were unchanged. In search of an underlying mechanism, we demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines induce a decrease in GRK-2 protein levels in leukocytes from healthy donors. Since proinflammatory cytokines are abundantly expressed in RA, it may provide an explanation for the decrease in GRK-2 expression and activity in patients. No changes in beta2-adrenergic receptor number and Kd were detected. However, RA patients showed a significantly increased cAMP production and inhibition of TNF-alpha production by beta2-adrenergic stimulation, suggesting that reduced GRK activity is associated with increased sensitivity to beta2-adrenergic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lombardi
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Children and Youth, 'Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis', 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Rouppe van der Voort C, Kavelaars A, van de Pol M, Heijnen CJ. Neuroendocrine mediators up-regulate alpha1b- and alpha1d-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human monocytes. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 95:165-73. [PMID: 10229127 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Beta2- and alpha2-adrenergic receptors (AR) are thought to be the main AR subtypes to exert the effects of catecholamines on the immune system. However, in the present study, we demonstrate that another subtype of AR can be induced in human monocytes. Expression of alpha1b- and alpha1d-AR mRNA can be obtained by culturing freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes with the neuroendocrine mediators dexamethasone or the beta2-AR agonist terbutaline. Using the human monocytic cell line THP-1, we demonstrate that increased levels of alpha1b- and alpha1d-mRNA are accompanied by increased levels of receptor protein as determined by Western blot analysis and radioligand binding assays. This study describes for the first time regulated expression of alpha1-AR subtypes in human monocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Catecholamines/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Monocytes/chemistry
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Neurosecretory Systems/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/analysis
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Terbutaline/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rouppe van der Voort
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Children and Youth Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Kavelaars A, van der Pompe G, Bakker JM, van Hasselt PM, Cats B, Visser GH, Heijnen CJ. Altered immune function in human newborns after prenatal administration of betamethasone: enhanced natural killer cell activity and decreased T cell proliferation in cord blood. Pediatr Res 1999; 45:306-12. [PMID: 10088646 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199903000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During the course of human pregnancy, glucocorticoid (GC) treatment is given when preterm delivery is expected. This treatment is successful in stimulating the development of the fetal lung. However, in animal studies, a number of side effects of perinatal GC treatment have been described. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in humans the effects of antenatal GC treatment on development of the immune system. In addition, we examined the development of immune reactivity in infants born preterm and at term who did not receive GC treatment antenatally. We tested mitogen-induced T cell proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6 production in cord blood samples. We found that there is a significant effect of gestational age on the capacity of T cells to proliferate and of natural killer cells to kill K562 tumor cells. The capacity to produce IL-6 does not change between gestational age 26 and 41 wk. Moreover, our results show that antenatal treatment with GC does have immunomodulatory effects: T cell proliferation is decreased in infants born very preterm (gestational age 26-31 wk) as well as in infants born between 32 and 36 wk of gestation. In contrast, the activity of natural killer cells is only increased in GC-treated infants born between 26 and 31 wk. We did not observe a significant effect of antenatal GC treatment on the capacity to produce IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kavelaars
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Children and Youth, Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kavelaars A, Rouppe vd Voort C, van de Pol M, Heynen C. Neuroendocrine mediators upregulate α1-adrenergic receptors on monocytes. J Neuroimmunol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(98)91423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bakker J, van den Dobbelsteen G, Kroes H, Kavelaars A, Heijnen C, Tilders F, van Rees E. Long-term gender-specific effects of manipulation during pregnancy on immune and endocrine responsiveness in the rat offspring. J Neuroimmunol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(98)91407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Heijnen C, Lombardi M, Jacobs R, Pawlak C, Kuis W, Bijlsma J, Schmidt R, Schedlowski M, Kavelaars A. Neuro-immune interactions in autoimmunity: Changes in the interactions between adrenergic system and immune system in patients with arthritis. J Neuroimmunol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(98)91227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Pain is a major symptom in chronic inflammatory arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis and affects the health status of arthritis patients negatively. There has been much debate about the role of pain in juvenile chronic arthritis and this review deals with the controversies about this subject. Pain in children is best understood as a multifactorial concept in which pain is the result of somatosensory, behavioural and environmental factors. The role of the different factors contributing to pain will be assessed with special reference to mechanisms relevant to children with chronic pain, the various instruments to measure pain, such as visual analogue scales and algometry, and the treatment of chronic pain in juvenile chronic arthritis. For a true understanding of chronic pain in children, these multidimensional assessments should be integrated into a biobehavioral model, by means of which a better understanding should lead to new therapeutic interventions for one of the most common symptoms of rheumatic diseases in childhood: pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kuis
- Department of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Nieuwegracht, LK Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kavelaars A, de Jong-de Vos van Steenwijk T, Kuis W, Heijnen CJ. The reactivity of the cardiovascular system and immunomodulation by catecholamines in juvenile chronic arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 840:698-704. [PMID: 9629296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile chronic arthritis is associated with clinical symptoms indicating that there is a dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Our data show that patients with juvenile chronic arthritis have an altered function of the SNS associated with increased central noradrenergic outflow, presumably leading to increased vasoconstriction, resulting in a decreased response to an orthostatic stressor. We also investigated the consequences of the altered reactivity of SNS for the reactivity of the immune system to mediators of the sympathetic nervous system and to glucorticoids. It appeared that leukocytes of these patients have an altered response to catecholamines. Triggering of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor leads to reduced cAMP responses that are due to the higher rate of cAMP degradation. In addition, catecholamines induce the production of IL-6 by leukocytes of these patients, via triggering of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. Healthy controls do not express functional alpha 1-adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kavelaars
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Children, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Kamphuis S, Eriksson F, Kavelaars A, Zijlstra J, van de Pol M, Kuis W, Heijnen CJ. Role of endogenous pro-enkephalin A-derived peptides in human T cell proliferation and monocyte IL-6 production. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 84:53-60. [PMID: 9600708 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe that met-enkephalin and/or enkephalin-containing intermediary peptides of the prohormone pro-enkephalin A are produced and secreted by human peripheral blood T cells and monocytes. The peptides are produced after stimulation with the mitogenic monoclonal antibodies anti-CD2.1/2.2 and anti-CD28. In monocytes, enkephalin synthesis was induced by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. We demonstrate here that these immune cell-derived enkephalins play an important regulatory role in the immune response. By using an anti-sense oligonucleotide strategy we could block the production of enkephalins. Blockade of the production of met-enkephalin and enkephalin-containing intermediary peptides resulted in enhancement of the proliferative T cell response and inhibition of monocyte IL-6 secretion. In vitro reconstitution of the anti-sense treated cultures with synthetic met-enkephalin or the delta-type specific opioid receptor agonist deltorphin could reverse inhibition of monocyte IL-6 production, suggesting that endogenous enkephalins act via membrane opioid receptors. In contrast, addition of met-enkephalin or deltorphin to the anti-sense treated T cell cultures did not have any effect on T cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamphuis
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Children and Youth, Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kuis W, Kavelaars A, Prakken BJ, Wulffraat NM, Heijnen CJ. Dialogue between the brain and the immune system in juvenile chronic arthritis. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1997; 64:146S-148S. [PMID: 9385665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Kuis
- Department of Immunology, University Hosptial for Children and Youth Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Nieuwegracht, The Netherlands
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Kamphuis S, Kavelaars A, Brooimans R, Kuis W, Zegers BJ, Heijnen CJ. T helper 2 cytokines induce preproenkephalin mRNA expression and proenkephalin A in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Neuroimmunol 1997; 79:91-9. [PMID: 9357452 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the regulatory influence of several cytokines on the expression of preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). By use of a quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we demonstrate that the T helper 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 are more potent in upregulating PPE mRNA expression in human PBMC than the T helper 1 cytokines IL-2 and gamma-IFN. In addition, TGF-beta is also an effective inducer of PPE mRNA. TGF-beta, IL-4 and IL-10 increase the cytoplasmatic concentration of met-enkephalin in PBMC. Secretion of met-enkephalin in the culture supernatant of IL-4- or IL-10-stimulated PBMC could not be observed, but proenkephalin A-derived met-enkephalin containing peptides could be demonstrated. IL-4 and IL-10 do not induce PPE mRNA via the same pathways. We could observe that PKA is involved in IL-4 mediated PPE mRNA induction, whereas IL-10 apparently uses another route.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kamphuis
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Children and Youth, Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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