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Hill AS, Kovalev BG, Nikolaeva LN, Roelofs WL. Sex pheromone of the fall webworm moth,Hyphantria cunea. J Chem Ecol 2014; 8:383-96. [PMID: 24414950 DOI: 10.1007/bf00987787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/1981] [Revised: 06/26/1981] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three compounds have been identified as sex pheromone components produced by female fall webworm moths,Hyphantria cunea (Drury). These compounds are: (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal (I), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal (II), and (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene (III). The ratio of these compounds was approximately 5∶6∶13, respectively, in female tip extracts prepared from U.S.S.R, insects and approximately 1∶8∶21, respectively, in extracts from U.S. insects. The ratio in female effluvia trapped from U.S. insects was 1∶6∶27, respectively. Compound III plus either I or II is effective in eliciting upwind flight in a wind tunnel. Compounds I, II, and III are also components of the sex pheromone system of the saltmarsh caterpillar moth,Estigmene acrea (Drury).
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hill
- Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 14456, Geneva, New York
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2
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Roelofs WL, Hill AS, Linn CE, Meinwald J, Jain SC, Herbert HJ, Smith RF. Sex pheromone of the winter moth, a geometrid with unusually low temperature precopulatory responses. Science 2010; 217:657-9. [PMID: 17817538 DOI: 10.1126/science.217.4560.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The sex pheromone for the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), has been identified as the novel compound (Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene. The male moths respond to the pheromone at low temperatures (4 degrees to 15 degrees C) and exhibit an upper response limit that coincides with the lower response limit for other reported moth sex pheromone systems. The pheromone attracted two other geometrid species, O. bruceata (Bruce spanworm) and O. occidentalis.
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3
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Skerritt JH, Hill AS, Sashidhar Rao RB, Beasley HL, Rani BEA, Udaya Kumari CG, Vijayashankar YN, Venugopal NBRK, Karanth NGK. Sample Matrix Interference in Immunoassays for Organochlorine Residues in Plant-derived Foods and Some Strategies for Their Removal. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/0954010031000138078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Partington
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hammersmith Hospital, London
| | - W. P. Soutter
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hammersmith Hospital, London
| | - M. J. Turner
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hammersmith Hospital, London
| | | | - T. Krausz
- Department of Pathology, Hammersmith Hospital, London
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5
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Rousseau K, Byrne C, Griesinger G, Leung A, Chung A, Hill AS, Swallow DM. Allelic association and recombination hotspots in the mucin gene (MUC) complex on chromosome 11p15.5. Ann Hum Genet 2007; 71:561-9. [PMID: 17535267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A family of four highly polymorphic genes encoding secreted gel forming mucins is located in the middle of a recombination rich region of the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p15.5; tel MUC6-MUC2-MUC5AC-MUC5B cen; approx. 400 kb). These genes are of interest as risk factors for inflammatory diseases of the epithelia, and we have for example reported association of a VNTR polymorphism of the major mucin domain of MUC2 with asthma, despite the fact that MUC2 is not a major respiratory mucin. To understand the significance of this and other mucin gene associations it is important to describe the patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across this chromosomal region, which is still incomplete on HapMap and the UCSC Golden Path sequence. Our previous studies on the 40 core CEPH families provided direct evidence for several recombination events within the immediate region of the gene complex. This study examines these recombination events in more detail, and also the patterns of LD across the gene complex. We refine the location of the breakpoints, and the combined data suggest two probable recombination hotspots. Three breakpoints are located between MUC6 and MUC2: there is no association between MUC6 and MUC2, and the data collected here, combined with that publicly available, maps a hotspot to a region of 4 kb. The other recombinants map between MUC2 and intron 8 of MUC5B. Relatively strong LD is detected between MUC2 and MUC5AC, and although 10/70 of the chromosomes tested shared a common haplotype, which extends from MUC2 to MUC5B, statistically significant association was not detected between MUC2 and the markers tested in MUC5B. We discuss the possibility that the previously reported association between MUC2 and asthma is most likely attributable to association with functional variation in MUC5AC, which encodes one of the two major mucins expressed in both healthy and diseased airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rousseau
- The Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London, NW1 2HE, UK
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6
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Hill AS, Werner JA, Rogers QR, O'Neill SL, Christopher MM. Lipoic acid is 10 times more toxic in cats than reported in humans, dogs or rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2004; 88:150-6. [PMID: 15059240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2003.00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant lipoic acid (LA) is administered to humans and pets. We described acute toxicity and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of LA in cats. In progression, 10 healthy adult male cats received orally 60 (high), 30 (low), or 0 mg LA/kg (control). Serum enzyme activities and concentrations of bile acids, ammonia, amino acids (AA), LA and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) were measured, and tissues examined microscopically. Significant clinical toxicity with changes in ammonia and AA concentrations occurred in all high-dose cats. Oral LA produced hepatocellular toxicity and MTD was < 30 mg/kg in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hill
- Department of Molecular Biosciences Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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7
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Jones LK, Chaplin T, Shankar A, Neat M, Patel N, Samuel DP, Hill AS, Debernardi S, Bassini A, Young BD, Saha V. Identification and molecular characterisation of a CALM-AF10 fusion in acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2001; 15:910-4. [PMID: 11417476 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The t(10;11)(p13;q14-21) is a non-random translocation described in acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukaemias. It results in the fusion of the gene CALM, which encodes a clathrin assembly protein, on 11q14 to the gene AF10, a putative transcription factor on 10p13. Here we describe for the first time, the occurrence of a CALM-AF10 fusion in a case of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were used to confirm the presence of a CALM-AF10 fusion. A novel splice variant of CALM missing nt 1927-2091 was also detected. Though CALM is a cytoplasmic protein, the chimaeric fusion product is able to localise to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Analysis of the fusion variants suggests, however, that the critical fusion product is likely to be cytoplasmic and contain the interactive leucine zipper of AF10.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Blotting, Southern
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Child
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cote d'Ivoire
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leucine Zippers/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Malaria, Falciparum/complications
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- RNA Splicing
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Jones
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Children's Cancer Group, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Abstract
Antibody engineering provides the potential to clone and manipulate antibody genes to produce fragments with altered specificity. We have produced an anti- Legionella single chain fragment with broader specificity towards Legionella serotypes than the parent monoclonal antibody. Using this relationship between the parent monoclonal and the recombinant antibody derived from it as a model, we attempted to identify those residues responsible for this change in fine specificity. Sequence analysis of this recombinant antibody revealed the deletion of a conserved residue, Asp101, in the CDR-H3 region. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have created a mutant form of this single chain fragment with an aspartic acid insertion mutation at position 101 of the antibody heavy chain. This mutant scFv demonstrates improved specificity compared to the wild-type recombinant antibody, indicating an important role for Asp101.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J McCarthy
- CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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9
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Delaney SJ, Hill AS, Backus RC, Czarnecki-Maulden GL, Rogers QR. Dietary crude protein concentration does not affect the leucine requirement of growing dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2001; 85:88-100. [PMID: 11686777 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0396.2001.00306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the interaction between graded levels of leucine and dietary crude protein. Dose-response curves were generated using four 3 x 3 Latin squares (two dogs/square). Each square represented one of two concentrations of crude protein (140 or 280 g/kg diet) and one of two combinations of three concentrations of leucine (5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 g/kg diet or 9.0, 11 and 13 g/kg diet). An additional experiment was performed by feeding crude protein at 210 g/kg diet with either 7.0 or 11 g leucine/kg diet. Weight gain, food intake, nitrogen retention, plasma albumin and plasma amino acids were measured. The requirement was determined to be the minimum leucine concentration required to maximize weight gain and nitrogen retention. For 8-14-week-old male Beagle dogs, 140 g crude protein/kg diet in a diet containing 18 kJ metabolizable energy/g does not appear to support maximal growth. The leucine requirement was not affected by doubling the dietary crude protein level from 140 to 280 g/kg diet. From these results, the leucine requirement of 8-14-week-old Beagle dogs appears to be 11 g leucine/kg diet independent of the level of dietary crude protein, whereas dogs over 14 weeks require only 7 g leucine/kg diet for maximal nitrogen retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Delaney
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of 3 antioxidants in preventing Heinz body anemia in cats. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS 44 specific-pathogen-free healthy cats. PROCEDURE Cats were housed individually, divided randomly into 4 groups, and given the following orally every 12 hours: empty gelcaps (control cats), N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 100 mg/kg of body weight), vitamin E (d,l-alpha-tocopherol; 400 IU), or ascorbate (250 mg). After 2 weeks, Heinz bodies were induced by dietary onion powder (OP; 1% or 3% of dry matter) or propylene glycol (PG, 8% wt/vol in drinking water) for an additional 3 weeks. Intake of treated water or food was recorded daily. Body weight, PCV, Heinz body and reticulocyte percentages, reduced glutathione concentration, and total antioxidant status were measured twice weekly in all cats. RESULTS Heinz body percentage and degree of anemia did not differ significantly among cats receiving antioxidants and control cats except in cats that ingested water containing PG, in which antioxidant supplementation was associated with a decrease in water intake. Of cats that were fed a diet that contained OP, cats that received NAC had significantly higher reduced glutathione concentrations, compared with other cats in the experiment. Total antioxidant status did not consistently correlate with antioxidant supplementation or type of oxidant administered (ie, OP or PG). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the effect of antioxidant supplementation on Heinz body anemia in cats was minimal, antioxidants may have subclinical biochemical effects such as GSH sparing that may be important against milder forms of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hill
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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11
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Chaplin T, Jones L, Debernardi S, Hill AS, Lillington DM, Young BD. Molecular analysis of the genomic inversion and insertion of AF10 into MLL suggests a single-step event. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 30:175-80. [PMID: 11135434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interstitial insertion of genetic material from one chromosome into another can achieve the type of gene-gene fusions more usually associated with chromosome translocations. An example of such an interstitial insertion, which has created an MLL-AF10 fusion in an acute myeloid leukaemia, has been analysed at the genomic level. The genomic fusion, which resulted in the juxtaposition of 3' AF10 sequence to 5' MLL sequence, was identified within MLL and AF10 intronic sequences. It was further established that the remaining 3' MLL sequence, from exon 6 onwards, was fused to novel sequence of unknown origin (named FM3 for fused to MLL 3'). The points of fusion of these 5' and 3' portions of MLL matched to adjacent nucleotides and lay between exons 5 and 6. The FM3 sequence was shown to be from chromosome arm 10p and located close to AF10 in a proximal position. It was subsequently demonstrated that in the leukaemia a third fusion existed between 5' AF10 and the FM3 sequence at a point immediately downstream from its fusion to MLL. It was therefore concluded that the MLL-AF10 gene fusion is the result of a simultaneous transposition of genetic material into the MLL gene and the joining of the remaining free ends on chromosome 10. This kind of event, characterised completely here for the first time, is a means to achieve a fusion when the genes involved lie in opposite orientations and results in three genomic junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chaplin
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Department of Medical Oncology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Veale LO, Hill AS, Brand AR. An in situ study of predator aggregations on scallop (Pecten maximus (L.)) dredge discards using a static time-lapse camera system. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 2000; 255:111-129. [PMID: 11090855 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0981(00)00295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of demersal fishing gears on benthic habitats and species has been the subject of much attention recently, and suggestions have been made that scavenging epifaunal species may benefit at the population level from the additional food source provided by discards. This paper investigates some aspects of this process, including the relative attractiveness to predators of different discard species, and the role of damage in scavenger attraction. A time-lapse video system with a 1000 m long cable was positioned in an area closed to fishing, adjacent to the most heavily fished scallop (Pecten maximus) ground in the Irish Sea. A variety of undamaged and damaged by-catch animals were positioned in front of the camera, and the subsequent predator aggregations investigated. Densities of scavenger species up to 200 times that of the background population were observed, and aggregations of some species persisted for up to 3 days. The most frequently recorded scavengers, and therefore presumably those species most likely to benefit from discards as a food source, were: Asterias rubens L., Astropecten irregularis (Pennant), Liocarcinus spp Stimpson, Pagurus spp Fabricius and Callionymus lyra L. Predator attraction to apparently undamaged queen scallops, Aequipecten opercularis (L.), was almost as high as to damaged A. opercularis. Of all the prey species studied, queen scallops were the most attractive to scavengers. A directional relationship was found between the ambient water current and the arrival of the starfish, Asterias rubens.
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Affiliation(s)
- LO Veale
- University of Liverpool Port Erin Marine Laboratory, IM9 6JA, Port Erin, Isle of Man, UK
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Fitzgibbon J, Neat MJ, Foot N, Hill AS, Lister TA, Gupta RK. Assignment of brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) to human chromosome 5p15.1-->p14, differential expression in human cancer cell lines as a result of alterations in gene dosage. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2000; 89:147-9. [PMID: 10965107 DOI: 10.1159/000015597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Fitzgibbon
- ICRF Medical Oncology Unit, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK.
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14
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Hill AS, Foot NJ, Chaplin TL, Young BD. The most frequent constitutional translocation in humans, the t(11;22)(q23;q11) is due to a highly specific alu-mediated recombination. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9:1525-32. [PMID: 10888603 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.10.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The t(11;22) is the most common recurrent non-Robertsonian constitutional translocation in humans, having been reported in more than 160 unrelated families. Balanced carriers are at risk of having offspring with the derivative 22 syndrome owing to 3:1 meiotic non-disjunction event. Clinical features of the der(22) syndrome include mental retardation, craniofacial abnormalities and congenital heart defects. The breakpoints for the t(11;22) translocation have been mapped to specific Alu repeats on chromosomes 11 and 22, indicating that this event is due to an Alu-Alu recombination. Remarkably, in five samples derived from individuals with no apparent common ancestry the der(11) and der(22) breakpoints appear to be almost identical at the genomic sequence level. The small number of base differences between the samples indicates some variation in the position of the breakpoints, although this appears to be quite limited. Indeed, the der(11) breakpoints are all located within a region of just 32 bp and the der(22) breakpoints within 21 bp. If, as suggested by current data, the widespread occurrence of this translocation is due to multiple independent events, our results suggest that this particular Alu-Alu recombination is subject to an unprecedented degree of selection.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alu Elements/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Cell Line
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Placenta/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Recombination, Genetic
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hill
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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15
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Trowell SC, Forrester NW, Garsia KA, Lang GA, Bird LJ, Hill AS, Skerritt JH, Daly JC. Rapid antibody-based field test to distinguish between Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Econ Entomol 2000; 93:878-891. [PMID: 10902345 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) are the two most important insect pests of cotton production in Australia and require application of insecticides to control them. H. armigera has developed resistance to several insecticides but H. punctigera has not. Cost-effective management of insecticide resistance requires that growers be able to determine the proportion of H. armigera eggs or young larvae present on their crop before applying insecticides. This is impossible visually. We generated two monoclonal antibodies that reacted with the insect protein "lipophorin" and were capable of discriminating individuals of the two species at all life-stages. The antibodies were incorporated into a rapid test kit that was tested under field conditions over two growing seasons. Results obtained with the kit agreed closely with those obtained by rearing larvae through to second instar.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Trowell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Entomology, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence that bottle-feeding is a stressor for inefficient preterm infant feeders is seen in untoward changes in the physiologic system and nutritive sucking patterns. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a therapeutic technique, oral support (cheek and jaw support), would influence the cardiopulmonary functions or nutritive sucking patterns of preterm infants during feeding. METHODS A crossover repeated measures design was used with 20 preterm infants for a total of 40 bottle-feeding sessions. The Whitney Mercury Strain Gage and a Nonin Cardiopulmonary monitor were used to observe sucking characteristics and cardiopulmonary functions during feeding. RESULTS Infants not receiving support paused longer (F= 6.37, df= 5, p < .001) and more frequently (F= 5.01, df= 5, p < .001) than supported infants. There were no differences between the groups in the number of sucks and bursts, the burst duration, the stability of the total sucking activity, or the rate of sucking. Oxygen saturation (SaO2) values, heart rate, and respiratory rate did not differ between the groups during feeding. Postfeeding SaO2 levels were lower than prefeeding levels for infants not receiving oral support (t= 0.96, df= 19, p= .03). CONCLUSION Oral support provided stability for the jaw and fostered the return of the infant's prefeeding SaO2 values, but it did not interfere with cardiopulmonary function during feeding. Further research is needed to determine whether there is a cumulative effect of oral support, and whether it influences state behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hill
- University of Texas School of Nursing at Galveston, University of Texas Medical Branch, 77555-1029, USA.
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17
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Hill AS, Giersch TM, Loh CS, Skerritt JH. Immunoassay for wheat processing quality: utilization of a sandwich assay incorporating an immobilized single-chain fragment. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:4484-4490. [PMID: 10552838 DOI: 10.1021/jf990167f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A single-chain fragment (scFv) was engineered from a monoclonal antibody to high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), wheat flour polypeptides that play a major role in determining the mixing- and extension strength-related properties of dough and its subsequent baking performance. The scFv was expressed in a thioredoxin mutant Escherichia coli strain that allows disulfide bond formation in the cytoplasm and incorporated into a diagnostic test for wheat quality. Although the scFv lacks the more highly conserved antibody constant regions usually involved with immobilization, it was able to be directly immobilized to a polystyrene microwell solid phase without chemical or covalent modification of the protein or solid phase and utilized as a capture antibody in a double-antibody (two-site) immunoassay. In the sandwich assay, increasing HMW-GS concentrations produced increasing assay color, and highly significant correlations were obtained between optical densities obtained in the ELISA using the scFv and the content of large glutenin polymers in flours as well as measures of dough strength as measured by resistance to dough extension in rheological testing. The assay using the scFv was able to be carried out at lower flour sample extract dilutions than that required for a similar assay utilizing a monoclonal capture antibody. This research shows that engineered antibody fragments can be utilized to provide superior assay performance in two-site ELISAs over monoclonal antibodies and is the first application of an engineered antibody to the analysis of food processing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hill
- CSIRO Plant Industry and Quality Wheat Cooperative Research Centre Ltd., GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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18
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Vinall LE, Hill AS, Pigny P, Pratt WS, Toribara N, Gum JR, Kim YS, Porchet N, Aubert JP, Swallow DM. Variable number tandem repeat polymorphism of the mucin genes located in the complex on 11p15.5. Hum Genet 1998; 102:357-66. [PMID: 9544852 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A family of four genes that encode major secreted mucins (MUC6, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B) map to within 400 kb on chromosome 11p15.5. These genes contain long stretches of tandem repeats of sequence that encode serine- and threonine-rich domains but that otherwise show no similarity from gene to gene, and regions of unique sequence domains that do show evidence of sequence homology. We have previously reported the existence of polymorphism in three of these genes but the extent and nature of this allelic variation is now described here in detail. Variable number tandem repeat polymorphisms of MUC6, MUC2 and MUC5AC are predicted to encode mucin polypeptides that differ in length. In the case of MUC2 and MUC6 these length differences are substantial (up to twofold). MUC5B in contrast does not show common allele length variation. Three MUC2 mutations are reported, none of which are associated with the meiotic recombinations previously observed in this region of chromosome 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Vinall
- MRC Human Biochemical Genetics Unit, UCL, The Galton Laboratory, London, UK
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19
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Gum JR, Ho JJ, Pratt WS, Hicks JW, Hill AS, Vinall LE, Roberton AM, Swallow DM, Kim YS. MUC3 human intestinal mucin. Analysis of gene structure, the carboxyl terminus, and a novel upstream repetitive region. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:26678-86. [PMID: 9334251 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.42.26678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MUC3 is a large mucin glycoprotein expressed by the human intestine and gall bladder. In this manuscript, we present details of the deduced protein structure of MUC3. The MUC3 carboxyl-terminal domain is 617 residues in length, including 511 residues of a non-repetitive mucin-like domain (27% Thr, 22% Ser, and 11% Pro) and a 106-residue Cys-rich domain with homology to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) -like structural motifs found in many proteins. The region of MUC3 located upstream of the previously described 51-base pair (bp) tandem repeats, which encode a major Ser and Thr-rich domain, consists of a second type of repetitive structure with an imperfect periodicity of approximately 1125 bp. This domain is also mucin-like and appears to be considerably larger than 2000 residues (6000 bp). The MUC3 gene itself is large and complex. Using pulse field gel electrophoresis and blot analysis, the smallest fragment found that contained all human genomic DNA hybridizing to the 51-bp tandem repeat probe was 200 kilobases with restriction enzyme SwaI. Both PvuII and PstI produced two sets of hybridizing fragments that were hypervariable within the human population with a pattern suggestive of both a variation in the number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and sequence polymorphism. These fragments varied independently of each other, but no genetic recombination was detected in a study of 40 human families. Thus, the MUC3 gene encodes a very large glycoprotein with a structure very different from that of any mucin currently described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Gum
- Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory (151M2), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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Pigny P, Guyonnet-Duperat V, Hill AS, Pratt WS, Galiegue-Zouitina S, d'Hooge MC, Laine A, Van-Seuningen I, Degand P, Gum JR, Kim YS, Swallow DM, Aubert JP, Porchet N. Human mucin genes assigned to 11p15.5: identification and organization of a cluster of genes. Genomics 1996; 38:340-52. [PMID: 8975711 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Four distinct genes that encode mucins have previously been mapped to chromosome 11p15.5. Three of these genes (MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) show a high level of genetically determined polymorphism and were analyzed in the CEPH families. Linkage analysis placed all three genes on the genetic map in a cluster between HRAS and INS, and more detailed analysis of recombinant breakpoints revealed that MUC6 is telomeric to MUC2. Using these recombinants D11S150 was mapped close to MUC2. Ten of the 11 recombinant chromosomes studied in detail were paternal, and the recombinant events were distributed throughout the 11p15 region, suggesting that the high level of recombination observed in 11p15.5 is not due to a particular recombinational hot spot. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to make a detailed physical map of the MUC cluster and to integrate the physical and genetical maps. The gene order was determined to be HRAS-MUC6-MUC2-MUC5AC-MUC5B-IGF2. The MUC genes span a region of some 400 kb and the map extends 770 kb and contains 15 putative CpG islands. The order of the MUC genes on the map corresponds to the relative order of their expression along the anterior-posterior axis of the body, suggesting a possible functional significance to the gene order.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pigny
- Unité INSERM No. 377, Lille, France
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Bamias A, Hill ME, Cunningham D, Norman AR, Ahmed FY, Webb A, Watson M, Hill AS, Nicolson MC, O'Brien ME, Evans TC, Nicolson V. Epirubicin, cisplatin, and protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for esophagogastric adenocarcinoma: response, toxicity, quality of life, and survival. Cancer 1996. [PMID: 8640659 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19960515)77:10<1978::aid-cncr3>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of chemotherapy for patients with esophagogastric carcinoma have generally been modest but regimens developed more recently have produced higher response rates, and rekindled interest in neoadjuvant chemotherapy. One such regimen is epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (ECF). This study evaluates its efficacy, toxicity, impact on quality of life (QL), and impact on survival in a large consecutive series of patients with metastatic and locally advanced disease (LAD). METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed esophagogastric carcinoma were treated with ECF (epirubicin 50 mg/m2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks with continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 200 mg/m2/d). Responses were evaluated with computed tomography (CT) scan and endoscopy. QL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 235 patients were treated, 173 with metastatic disease and 62 with LAD. The mean number of cycles delivered was 6 (range: 1-11) and patients were followed-up for a median of 8 months. Response was observed in 135 of 220 (61%) evaluable patients, with a complete response (C(R)), 11% of the patients and a partial response in 50% of the patients. Patients with moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas and LAD responded most favorably. Symptomatic improvement was achieved in the majority of cases (63-78% depending on the symptom). Toxicity was generally only mild to moderate, with severe non hematologic toxicity in less than 12% of the patients and only 6 (2.5%) treatment related deaths. QL assessment showed no significant negative impact on emotional functioning and good symptomatic control. Surgery following response to ECF was performed in 29 of the LAD patients, and in 19 cases (66%) a potentially curative resection was possible, with histologic CR in 32% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS ECF is a highly active regimen with acceptable toxicity in patients with esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. In a proportion of patients with LAD, chemotherapy enabled potentially curative surgery to be performed. The results justify further investigation of this regimen in a neoadjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bamias
- Cancer Research Campaign Section of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Bamias A, Hill ME, Cunningham D, Norman AR, Ahmed FY, Webb A, Watson M, Hill AS, Nicolson MC, O'Brien ME, Evans TC, Nicolson V. Epirubicin, cisplatin, and protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for esophagogastric adenocarcinoma: response, toxicity, quality of life, and survival. Cancer 1996. [PMID: 8640659 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19960515)77:10%3c1978::aid-cncr3%3e3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of chemotherapy for patients with esophagogastric carcinoma have generally been modest but regimens developed more recently have produced higher response rates, and rekindled interest in neoadjuvant chemotherapy. One such regimen is epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (ECF). This study evaluates its efficacy, toxicity, impact on quality of life (QL), and impact on survival in a large consecutive series of patients with metastatic and locally advanced disease (LAD). METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed esophagogastric carcinoma were treated with ECF (epirubicin 50 mg/m2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks with continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 200 mg/m2/d). Responses were evaluated with computed tomography (CT) scan and endoscopy. QL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 235 patients were treated, 173 with metastatic disease and 62 with LAD. The mean number of cycles delivered was 6 (range: 1-11) and patients were followed-up for a median of 8 months. Response was observed in 135 of 220 (61%) evaluable patients, with a complete response (C(R)), 11% of the patients and a partial response in 50% of the patients. Patients with moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas and LAD responded most favorably. Symptomatic improvement was achieved in the majority of cases (63-78% depending on the symptom). Toxicity was generally only mild to moderate, with severe non hematologic toxicity in less than 12% of the patients and only 6 (2.5%) treatment related deaths. QL assessment showed no significant negative impact on emotional functioning and good symptomatic control. Surgery following response to ECF was performed in 29 of the LAD patients, and in 19 cases (66%) a potentially curative resection was possible, with histologic CR in 32% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS ECF is a highly active regimen with acceptable toxicity in patients with esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. In a proportion of patients with LAD, chemotherapy enabled potentially curative surgery to be performed. The results justify further investigation of this regimen in a neoadjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bamias
- Cancer Research Campaign Section of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Bamias A, Hill ME, Cunningham D, Norman AR, Ahmed FY, Webb A, Watson M, Hill AS, Nicolson MC, O'Brien ME, Evans TC, Nicolson V. Epirubicin, cisplatin, and protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for esophagogastric adenocarcinoma: response, toxicity, quality of life, and survival. Cancer 1996; 77:1978-85. [PMID: 8640659 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19960515)77:10<1978::aid-cncr3>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of chemotherapy for patients with esophagogastric carcinoma have generally been modest but regimens developed more recently have produced higher response rates, and rekindled interest in neoadjuvant chemotherapy. One such regimen is epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (ECF). This study evaluates its efficacy, toxicity, impact on quality of life (QL), and impact on survival in a large consecutive series of patients with metastatic and locally advanced disease (LAD). METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed esophagogastric carcinoma were treated with ECF (epirubicin 50 mg/m2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks with continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 200 mg/m2/d). Responses were evaluated with computed tomography (CT) scan and endoscopy. QL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 235 patients were treated, 173 with metastatic disease and 62 with LAD. The mean number of cycles delivered was 6 (range: 1-11) and patients were followed-up for a median of 8 months. Response was observed in 135 of 220 (61%) evaluable patients, with a complete response (C(R)), 11% of the patients and a partial response in 50% of the patients. Patients with moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas and LAD responded most favorably. Symptomatic improvement was achieved in the majority of cases (63-78% depending on the symptom). Toxicity was generally only mild to moderate, with severe non hematologic toxicity in less than 12% of the patients and only 6 (2.5%) treatment related deaths. QL assessment showed no significant negative impact on emotional functioning and good symptomatic control. Surgery following response to ECF was performed in 29 of the LAD patients, and in 19 cases (66%) a potentially curative resection was possible, with histologic CR in 32% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS ECF is a highly active regimen with acceptable toxicity in patients with esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. In a proportion of patients with LAD, chemotherapy enabled potentially curative surgery to be performed. The results justify further investigation of this regimen in a neoadjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bamias
- Cancer Research Campaign Section of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Andreyev HJ, Norman AR, Cunningham D, Padhani AR, Hill AS, Ross PJ, Webb A. Squamous oesophageal cancer can be downstaged using protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil with epirubicin and cisplatin (ECF). Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A:2209-14. [PMID: 8652244 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
21 patients with squamous oesophageal carcinoma were treated with a new regimen designed in our unit and effective in treating gastric adenocarcinoma, consisting of continuous venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for up to 24 weeks (200 mg/m2/day) with epirubicin (50 mg/m2) and cisplatin (60 mg/m2) every 3 weeks. 12 patients (57%) had an objective response. The median relapse free period was 7 months, median survival from start of chemotherapy 8.4 months, and median survival from diagnosis, 14 months. Symptomatic improvements were reported by 10/11 patients with pain (91%), 8/9 with anorexia (89%), 8/10 with reflux (80%) and 10/14 with dysphagia (71%). Grade 3 or 4 toxicity was reported by 11 patients: 5 had haematological toxicity, 3 vomiting, 2 infection and 1 diarrhoea. One patient developed peripheral neuropathy, 1 renal impairment and another peripheral vascular disease. Following chemotherapy, surgery was attempted in 5 patients. One remains well 3 years on, 2 had macroscopic clearance of tumour but died of postoperative complications. In 2, disease was irresectable. This regimen of moderate toxicity is effective at improving symptoms in the majority of patients. In some patients, tumours are briefly downstaged so that inoperable tumours may become operable.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Andreyev
- Section of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, U.K
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Hill AS, Bishop S, Malloy MH. Introduction of solid foods to African American and Anglo American low-birth-weight and full-term infants. ABNF J 1995; 6:118-4. [PMID: 8718415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A secondary data analysis of 7,174 infants explores the use of cereal, fruits and vegetables, and meats with African-American and Anglo-American very-low-birth-weight (VLBW), low-birth-weight (LBW) and term infants over the first five months after discharge. The first solid foods offered were cereal for African-American infants and fruits and vegetables for Anglo infants. There are statistically significant differences in the number of feedings offered by the two ethnic groups. During the last two-to-three months, African-American term and LBW infants received all solid foods more frequently than Anglo infants. Neither ethnic group followed current feeding practice recommendations on when to introduce solid food.
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Lesuffleur T, Roche F, Hill AS, Lacasa M, Fox M, Swallow DM, Zweibaum A, Real FX. Characterization of a mucin cDNA clone isolated from HT-29 mucus-secreting cells. The 3' end of MUC5AC? J Biol Chem 1995; 270:13665-73. [PMID: 7775418 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.23.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HT-29 cells resistant to 10(-6) M methotrexate (HT29-MTX) secrete mucins with gastric immunoreactivity (Lesuffleur, T., Barbat, A., Dussaulx, E., and Zweibaum, A. (1990) Cancer Res. 50, 6334-6343). A 3310-base pair mucin cDNA clone (L31) was isolated from an HT29-MTX expression library using a polyclonal serum specific for normal gastric mucosa. It shows a high level of identity (98.6%) to clone NP3a isolated from a nasal polyp cDNA library (Meerzaman, D., Charles, P., Daskal, E., Polymeropoulos, M. H., Martin, B. M., and Rose, M. C. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 12932-12939). However, as a result of changes in reading frame, the 1042-amino acid deduced peptide contains four regions of a low similarity to the NP3a peptide. The amino acid sequence shows 36.3% similarity to part of the carboxyl-terminal sequence of MUC2 including the so-called D4 domain and 21.3% to the pro von Willebrand factor. A short amino acid sequence is similar to cysteine-rich sequences repeated in tracheobronchial, gastric, and colonic mucin cDNAs. The gene corresponding to L31 is located in the mucin gene cluster on chromosome 11p15.5. The patterns of mRNA expression were indistinguishable from those revealed with the JER58 probe (MUC5AC). Southern blot analysis indicates that the L31 and JER 58 sequences are within 20 kilobase pairs of each other. Together, these results suggest that L31 clone is the 3' end of MUC5AC.
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Abstract
Transparent film dressings have many of the attributes of the ideal wound dressing. However, currently available film dressings are deficient in their ability to handle varying levels of wound exudate. The permeability of polymeric films to water vapor is discussed and techniques are described to produce films in which the moisture vapor permeability is a function of the moisture in the environment. Illustrations are provided showing the variation of permeability with relative humidity and water contact. The unique properties of coextruded films are illustrated and the responsiveness of such a film dressing to varying conditions at the wound are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dabi
- Johnson & Johnson Worldwide Absorbent Products and Materials Research, Dayton, New Jersey 08810-0940
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Abstract
AIMS To assess the degree of difficulty in diagnosing partial mole by analysing intraobserver and interobserver agreement among a group of pathologists for these diagnoses. METHODS Fifty mixed cases of partial mole, complete mole, and non-molar pregnancy were submitted to seven histopathologists, two of whom are expert gynaecological pathologists; the other five were district general hospital consultants, one of whom works in Australia. These participants gave each slide a firm diagnosis of either partial mole, complete mole, or non-molar pregnancy. Some 12 months later, the slides were recorded and again submitted for a second diagnostic round to assess intraobserver as well as interobserver agreement. Standard histological criteria for each diagnostic category were circulated with the slides. RESULTS kappa statistics showed that complete mole could be reliably distinguished from non-molar pregnancy, but neither non-molar pregnancy nor complete mole could be easily differentiated from partial mole. In only 35 out of 50 cases was there agreement between five or more of the seven participants. Agreement between the expert gynaecological pathologists was no better than for others in the group. Interestingly, the intraobserver agreement for each pathologist was good to excellent. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that the reported histological criteria are either not being applied consistently or that they are lacking in practical use. An atypical growth pattern of trophoblast, rather than the polar accentuation seen in normal first trimester pregnancies, seems to be the important diagnostic histological feature for partial mole. Ploidy studies might also help with problem cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Howat
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Preston Hospital
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Fothergill DJ, Brown VA, Hill AS. Histological sampling of the endometrium--a comparison between formal curettage and the Pipelle sampler. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992; 99:779-80. [PMID: 1308108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jones AL, Hill AS, Soukop M, Hutcheon AW, Cassidy J, Kaye SB, Sikora K, Carney DN, Cunningham D. Comparison of dexamethasone and ondansetron in the prophylaxis of emesis induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Lancet 1991; 338:483-7. [PMID: 1678453 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial was done to compare the efficacy and safety of a serotonin receptor antagonist--ondansetron--and dexamethasone in the prophylaxis of acute and delayed emesis and nausea induced by moderately emetogenic non-platinum-containing chemotherapy regimens. Patients were treated as outpatients and received intravenous ondansetron 4 mg or dexamethasone 8 mg before chemotherapy and oral maintenance (ondansetron 4 mg every 6 h and dexamethasone reducing from 4 mg to 1 mg 6-hourly between days 1 and 5) for 5 days. 112 patients were treated (38 men, 73 women, 1 with no gender recorded; age range 30-73 years) and 100 were evaluable for cross-over analysis. Patients taking ondansetron or dexamethasone reported no significant difference in complete and major control of acute (83% vs 79%, p = 0.46) or delayed (82% vs 88%, p = 0.214) emesis (vomiting plus retches). Significantly more patients on dexamethasone (87%) than on ondansetron (72%) reported control of delayed nausea (days 2-5) (p = 0.003). Both drugs were well tolerated with no significant difference in the number of adverse events, and this is reflected by similar patient preference for ondansetron (40%) and dexamethasone (30%) (p = 0.244). Both drugs offer adequate out-patient control of chemotherapy-induced emesis; however, dexamethasone has an advantage in the control of delayed nausea, and also in terms of cost and resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Jones
- Section of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Abstract
A total of 254 cases of ectopic pregnancy were reviewed in a teaching hospital in Sheffield, in three defined periods: I, 1977-9; II, 1985-7 and III, 1988-90. A previous history of infertility was noted in 37% of cases. Overall, the presenting symptoms, clinical, laboratory, operative as well as histological findings, are in broad agreement with other series. The incidence increased steadily from 8.6 per 1000 total births in period I to 16.5 per 1000 total births in period III. A number of changes noted in recent years include: (1) the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was made significantly (P less than 0.05) earlier; (2) a significantly (P less than 0.05) greater proportion of ectopic pregnancies had an association with the following factors: previous tubal surgery, the diagnosis established with ultrasonography, laparotomy preceded by laparoscopy and treatment by conservative surgery; and (3) a significantly (P less than 0.05) smaller proportion of ectopic pregnancies had the diagnosis based on pelvic tenderness or pelvic mass. During the period 1988-90 a total of 126 laparoscopies were performed for suspected ectopic pregnancy, of which 82 (65%) were confirmed to have ectopic pregnancy and 44 (35%) were thought to have no evidence of ectopic pregnancy on laparoscopy. However, two of the latter cases were subsequently found to have an ectopic pregnancy within 2 weeks. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield, UK
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Skerritt JH, Devery JM, Hill AS. Chemistry, coeliac-toxicity and detection of gluten and related prolamins in foods. Panminerva Med 1991; 33:65-74. [PMID: 1923557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Some recent advances in the understanding of the chemistry of gluten proteins and its relationship to the toxicity of different fractions in coeliac disease (gluten intolerance) is reviewed. Most recent studies on gluten toxicity have used in vitro analyses of cellular immune activation by gluten fractions and peptides. Our work indicates that gliadin is the most active of the different protein families found within the wheat grain and that a specific peptide sequence located in the amino terminus domain of alpha-gliadin and containing the sequence proline-serine-glutamine-glutamine was most active. Improvement in the dietary management of coeliac disease is possible by use of test kits for the detection of gluten in foods. Both laboratory kits and home test kits (suitable for use by individual coeliacs) are available and reliably detect gluten from wheat, rye and barley even after cooking or baking.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Skerritt
- CSIRO Wheat Research Unit, Division of Plant Industry, North Ryde, Australia
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Skerritt JH, Hill AS. Enzyme immunoassay for determination of gluten in foods: collaborative study. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1991; 74:257-64. [PMID: 2050607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A collaborative study was performed in 15 laboratories to validate a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for determination of gluten in foods. The study included 13 samples: maize starch, "gluten-free" baking mixes, wheat flours, cookies, cooked meats, and a soup. Gluten was present in these samples at either zero or 0.02 to 10% by weight, i.e., over almost 3 orders of magnitude. The mean assay values for the foods varied from 88 to 105% of the actual amounts. The assay was quantitative for cereal products and the soup with repeatability (RDS-r, relative standard deviation) and reproducibility (RSD-R) of 16-22% and 24-33%, respectively. The assay was semiquantitative for the processed meat products (RSD-r 14 and 26% and RSD-R 46 and 56%), probably because gluten was unevenly distributed in the small (1 g) samples that were analyzed. The ELISA method produced no false positive results, and false negatives obtained with tannin-containing foods could be avoided by use of a modified sample extractant. None of the collaborators reported problems in following the protocol. The method has been adopted official first action by AOAC for determination of wheat gluten in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Skerritt
- CSIRO Wheat Research Unit, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
To improve compliance with a gluten-free diet in coeliac disease a simple prototype test kit was developed to detect gluten in foods for use at home. The test is based on monoclonal antibodies to heat-stable gluten proteins which crossreact appropriately with barley and rye proteins. It is suitable for use with a wide range of raw or cooked foods. The food is extracted with dilute hydrochloric acid and 1 drop of the extract transferred to an antibody-coated tube; enzyme-labelled gluten detection antibody is added and after 3 min the tube is washed and colour developer is added. The reaction is stopped after 2 min, stabilising the blue colour. The home kit was compared with a quantitative laboratory kit, and the qualitative agreement was very good. The kit could distinguish foods with trace gluten contents (acceptable for a "gluten-free" diet) from those with a slightly higher but unacceptable gluten content. In a trial of the prototype kit by 47 coeliac disease patients of diverse ages and educational backgrounds, 93% of tests correctly identified foods as acceptable or unacceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Skerritt
- CSIRO Wheat Research Unit, Division of Plant Industry, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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35
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Li TC, Hill AS, Duncan SL, Radstone DJ, Parsons MA, Cooke ID. Granulosa cell tumour of the ovary producing both oestrogen and progesterone. Case report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 97:649-52. [PMID: 2390511 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T C Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield
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36
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Hill AS, Cochran CK, Dickerson C. Nursing care of the infant with erythroblastosis fetalis. J Pediatr Nurs 1989; 4:395-402. [PMID: 2689631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Care of the infant with erythroblastosis fetalis is most challenging for the neonatal intensive care nurse. The physiological changes that occur in utero continue to present at birth. The pathology and clinical manifestations, medical treatment, and nursing management of the infant with erythroblastosis fetalis are discussed to assist neonatal intensive care nurses in providing quality care.
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Polacarz SV, Hey NA, Stephenson TJ, Hill AS. C-myc oncogene product P62c-myc in ovarian mucinous neoplasms: immunohistochemical study correlated with malignancy. J Clin Pathol 1989; 42:148-52. [PMID: 2921356 PMCID: PMC1141817 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.42.2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody Myc 1-6E10 was used to determine the cellular distribution of the c-myc oncogene product p62c-myc in 60 mucinous ovarian tumours. Three patterns of immunostaining were apparent: (i) nuclear staining alone; (ii) staining of the nucleus and basal cytoplasm; and (iii) staining of the entire cell. Of the 21 cases of mucinous cystadenoma, 11 showed nuclear staining alone, and a further case showed additional weak staining of the basal cytoplasm. Nuclear staining alone was not present in any of the 17 borderline mucinous tumours examined. Strong staining of the nucleus and basal cytoplasm was seen in 16 of these borderline cases, six of which also showed focal staining of the apical cytoplasm. All 22 cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma showed staining of the cell nucleus and entire cell cytoplasm. Focal staining of the apical cytoplasm in six of 17 borderline mucinous tumours produced a pattern of c-myc immunostaining similar to that of cystadenocarcinoma. Retrospective analysis of the clinical data showed that no significant differences between patients with borderline tumours of these two categories could be defined. Although immunostaining with Myc 1-6E10 can be used in the categorisation of mucinous ovarian tumours, it is concluded that standard histological criteria are more accurate indicators of tumour behaviour than is an assessment of c-myc expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Polacarz
- Department of Pathology, University of Sheffield Medical School
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Poteet GW, Hill AS. Identifying the components of a nursing service philosophy. J Nurs Adm 1988; 18:29-33. [PMID: 3171713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A framework for writing a nursing service philosophy provides the nurse manager with a quick and easy reference to identify essential organizers for the philosophy. The framework described here pinpoints three areas of importance, nursing/nursing practice, the patient/client, and the nurse, and describes specific subject matter to be addressed with each area. By organizing the subject matter into three practical areas of concern, the nurse manager can explore each area and develop a realistic and operational philosophy for the Nursing Service Department.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Poteet
- Graduate Program, East Carolina University School of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina
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Abstract
During 18 months 237 colposcopies were performed on 227 patients in the department of genitourinary medicine, Sheffield. Histological evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was found in 118 patients (52%), of whom 104 (88%) were aged under 35, 93 (79%) under 30, and 64 (54%) under 25. Most were treated with local destructive treatment, only five (4%) requiring cone biopsy. Colposcopy in a genitourinary department has an important part to play in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, particularly in younger women. Early diagnosis may often facilitate using local destructive treatment, thereby reducing the numbers of patients needing cone biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Wilson
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield
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Fox H, Langley FA, Govan AD, Hill AS, Bennett MH. Malignant lymphoma presenting as an ovarian tumour: a clinicopathological analysis of 34 cases. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1988; 95:386-90. [PMID: 3382612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The clinicopathological features of 34 patients with malignant lymphoma or leukaemia where the initial presentation was as an ovarian tumour are described. Nineteen patients died, usually within 1 year of diagnosis, whilst 15 survived, some for long periods. Factors indicating a poor prognosis were rapid onset of abdominal symptoms, the presence of systemic symptoms, bilateral ovarian tumours, advanced stage and a histological pattern other than that of a B-cell lymphoma. For staging purposes the Ann Arbor method appeared a more sensitive prognostic indicator than did the FIGO staging system. It is suggested that primary malignant lymphomas of the ovary are extremely rare and that for therapeutic purposes all lymphomas of the ovary should be regarded as local manifestations of systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fox
- Department of Pathology, University of Manchester
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Dorreen MS, Pennington GW, Millar DR, Hill AS, Neal FE. Results of low-dose methotrexate treatment of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease in Sheffield 1980-1987. Acta Oncol 1988; 27:551-6. [PMID: 2849467 DOI: 10.3109/02841868809093587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Between January 1980 and October 1987, 115 evaluable patients were treated in Sheffield for persistent gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) with a low dose methotrexate regimen (LD-MTX). Each course comprised MTX 50 mg given by i.m. injection for 4 doses on alternate days. Courses were repeated every 2 weeks and serum beta-hCG was used to monitor response. Overall, 80/115 (70%) of patients attained durable complete remissions (CR). Twenty-nine patients received the 'AVC' salvage combination of actinomycin-D 0.5 mg i.v. for 5 days, sequenced with cyclophosphamide 500 mg i.v. and vincristine 1 mg i.v., both given for 3 doses on alternate days. Sixteen (55%) patients attained a durable CR but 11 (38%) required further measures, 7 ultimately requiring hysterectomy. Two (7%) died during treatment. With 4 deaths overall (3 from metastatic GTD and 1 from infarction of the bowel), actuarial survival is 94% at over 7.5 years. A new Charing Cross prognostic scale weighted especially for hCG levels, number and sites of metastases, interval between pregnancy and start of treatment (score 0-6 each factor), was applied retrospectively to obtain a total score for each patient. Thus, 21/26 (81%) patients who scored greater than 8, required additional treatment after LD-MTX, compared with 18/89 (20%) of lower scoring patients (p less than 0.001). Because of the frequent morbidity associated with prolonged chemotherapy as well as the development of drug-resistant GTD, it is concluded that the 'high-risk' patients should receive more intensive combination chemotherapy at the outset.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Dorreen
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield, England
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Hill AS, Fuller SG. Volunteerism in pediatric nursing: a conceptual model and practical applications. J Pediatr Nurs 1987; 2:88-95. [PMID: 3644896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Hill AS, Schneider PD, Chelton KC, Parks NJ. Murine model for intracellular therapeutic radiation of metastatic melanoma. Curr Surg 1987; 44:132-4. [PMID: 3581891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Poteet GW, Hill AS, Roberson VS. Care of the burned patient with herpes simplex. J Pediatr Nurs 1986; 1:376-85. [PMID: 3641906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Prehospital resuscitation and stabilization of major trauma victims is increasingly employed. To evaluate the benefits of one such maneuver, fluid administration, we reviewed 52 consecutive trauma cases in which patients had a blood pressure of less than 100 mm Hg either at the scene or on arrival to hospital. In all cases, transport time to hospital was less than IV establishment time. Fluid volume infused had little influence on final outcomes. A percentage of patients with correctable surgical lesions might have been salvaged had prompt transport been instituted. Field maneuvers in critically injured patients should be minimized to decrease ultimate mortality.
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Kirkup W, Hill AS. The accuracy of colposcopically directed biopsy in patients with suspected intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1980; 87:1-4. [PMID: 7362782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We compared the histological diagnoses of premalignant/malignant lesions of the cervix obtained by examining colposcopically directed biopsy material from 201 outpatients with those obtained by examining tissues from a subsequent, more extensive operative procedure. In all, 98 per cent of operative diagnoses were never more than one degree in advance of diagnoses made by colposcopic biopsy. In all seven patients with invasive or microinvasive squamous carcinoma, the lesion was suspect at colposcopy and confirmed by directed biopsy.
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