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Schuetz C, Gerke J, Ege M, Walter J, Kusters M, Worth A, Kanakry JA, Dimitrova D, Wolska-Kuśnierz B, Chen K, Unal E, Karakukcu M, Pashchenko O, Leiding J, Kawai T, Amrolia PJ, Berghuis D, Buechner J, Buchbinder D, Cowan MJ, Gennery AR, Güngör T, Heimall J, Miano M, Meyts I, Morris EC, Rivière J, Sharapova SO, Shaw PJ, Slatter M, Honig M, Veys P, Fischer A, Cavazzana M, Moshous D, Schulz A, Albert MH, Puck JM, Lankester AC, Notarangelo LD, Neven B. Hypomorphic RAG deficiency: impact of disease burden on survival and thymic recovery argues for early diagnosis and HSCT. Blood 2023; 141:713-724. [PMID: 36279417 PMCID: PMC10082356 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hypomorphic mutations in the RAG1 or RAG2 gene present with either Omenn syndrome or atypical combined immunodeficiency with a wide phenotypic range. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is potentially curative, but data are scarce. We report on a worldwide cohort of 60 patients with hypomorphic RAG variants who underwent HSCT, 78% of whom experienced infections (29% active at HSCT), 72% had autoimmunity, and 18% had granulomas pretransplant. These complications are frequently associated with organ damage. Eight individuals (13%) were diagnosed by newborn screening or family history. HSCT was performed at a median of 3.4 years (range 0.3-42.9 years) from matched unrelated donors, matched sibling or matched family donors, or mismatched donors in 48%, 22%, and 30% of the patients, respectively. Grafts were T-cell depleted in 15 cases (25%). Overall survival at 1 and 4 years was 77.5% and 67.5% (median follow-up of 39 months). Infection was the main cause of death. In univariable analysis, active infection, organ damage pre-HSCT, T-cell depletion of the graft, and transplant from a mismatched family donor were predictive of worse outcome, whereas organ damage and T-cell depletion remained significant in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.01, HR = 8.46, respectively). All patients diagnosed by newborn screening or family history survived. Cumulative incidences of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease were 35% and 22%, respectively. Cumulative incidences of new-onset autoimmunity was 15%. Immune reconstitution, particularly recovery of naïve CD4+ T cells, was faster and more robust in patients transplanted before 3.5 years of age, and without organ damage. These findings support the indication for early transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Schuetz
- Department of Paediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Gerke
- Department of Paediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M. Ege
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J. Walter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - M. Kusters
- Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital, NHS Foundation trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Worth
- Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital, NHS Foundation trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. A. Kanakry
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - D. Dimitrova
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - B. Wolska-Kuśnierz
- Department of Immunology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K. Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - E. Unal
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - M. Karakukcu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - O. Pashchenko
- Department of Immunology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - J. Leiding
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Orlando Health Arnold Pamer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL
| | - T. Kawai
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - P. J. Amrolia
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - D. Berghuis
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. Buechner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - D. Buchbinder
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA
| | - M. J. Cowan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - A. R. Gennery
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - T. Güngör
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/Immunology, Gene-therapy, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital Zurich–Eleonore Foundation & Children’s Research Center, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J. Heimall
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M. Miano
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - I. Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. C. Morris
- UCL Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Rivière
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. O. Sharapova
- Research Department, Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - P. J. Shaw
- Blood Transplant and Cell Therapies, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Slatter
- Paediatric Immunology & HSCT, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - M. Honig
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - P. Veys
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Fischer
- Paediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology, Haematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - M. Cavazzana
- Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Département de Biothérapie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Groupe hospitalier Universitaire paris centre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
| | - D. Moshous
- Paediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology, Haematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - A. Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - M. H. Albert
- Pediatric SCT Program, Dr. von Hauner University Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - J. M. Puck
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - A. C. Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L. D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - B. Neven
- Paediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology, Haematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Inborn Errors Working Party (IEWP) of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) and European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC)
- Department of Paediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
- Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital, NHS Foundation trust, London, United Kingdom
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Immunology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Immunology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Orlando Health Arnold Pamer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/Immunology, Gene-therapy, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children’s Hospital Zurich–Eleonore Foundation & Children’s Research Center, Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- UCL Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Department, Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Minsk, Belarus
- Blood Transplant and Cell Therapies, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- Paediatric Immunology & HSCT, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Paediatric Immunology, Department of Immunology, Haematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Institut Imagine, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
- Département de Biothérapie, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Centre, Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Groupe hospitalier Universitaire paris centre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM CIC 1416, Paris, France
- Pediatric SCT Program, Dr. von Hauner University Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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van der Stoep MYEC, Zwaveling J, Bertaina A, Locatelli F, Guchelaar HJ, Lankester AC, Moes DJAR. Population pharmacokinetics of treosulfan in paediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:2033-2044. [PMID: 31144349 PMCID: PMC6710524 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Treosulfan is an alkylating agent increasingly used prior to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of treosulfan in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and to explore the effect of potential covariates on treosulfan PK. Also, a limited sampling model (LSM) will be developed to accurately predict treosulfan exposure suitable for a therapeutic drug monitoring setting. Methods In this multicentre study, 91 patients, receiving a total dose of 30, 36 or 42 g/m2 treosulfan, administered over 3 consecutive days, were enrolled. A population PK model was developed and demographic factors, as well as laboratory parameters, were included as potential covariates. In addition, a LSM was developed using data from 28 patients. Results A 2‐compartment model with first order elimination best described the data. Bodyweight with allometric scaling and maturation function were identified as significant predictors of treosulfan clearance. Treosulfan clearance reaches 90% of adult values at 4 postnatal years. A model‐based dosing table is presented to target an exposure of 1650 mg*h/L (population median) for different weight and age groups. Samples taken at 1.5, 4 and 7 hours after start of infusion resulted in the best limited sampling strategy. Conclusions This study provides a treosulfan population PK model in children and captures the developmental changes in clearance. A 3‐point LSM allows for accurate and precise estimation of treosulfan exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y E C van der Stoep
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Zwaveling
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Bertaina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - H J Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D J A R Moes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Poelman E, Hoogeveen-Westerveld M, van den Hout JMP, Bredius RGM, Lankester AC, Driessen GJA, Kamphuis SSM, Pijnappel WWM, van der Ploeg AT. Effects of immunomodulation in classic infantile Pompe patients with high antibody titers. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:71. [PMID: 30902109 PMCID: PMC6431009 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate whether immunomodulation can eliminate high sustained antibody levels, and thereby improve clinical outcome in classic infantile Pompe patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA). Methods Three patients (two cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM) negative) with high sustained antibodies received a three-week treatment protocol with Rituximab and Bortezomib, followed by daily Rapamycin and monthly IVIG. Patients received 40 mg/kg/week rhGAA. Antibody titers were measured using ELISA. Neutralizing effects on cellular uptake were determined. Clinical efficacy was measured in terms of (ventilator-free) survival, reduction in left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and improvement in motor function. Results Before immunomodulation anti-rhGAA antibody titers ranged from 1:156,250 to 1:781,250 and at last assessment from 1:31,250 to 1:156,250. Neutralizing effects of anti-rhGAA antibody titers (observed in two patients) disappeared. Infusion-associated reactions were no longer present. Immunomodulation resulted in substantial increases of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and creatine kinase levels. The two CRIM-negative patients who could walk at start of immunomodulation maintained their ability to walk; the patient who had lost this ability did not regain it. Conclusions To some extent, the immunomodulation protocol used in our study reduced antibody titers, but it did not eliminate them. Overall, there have been few reports on secondary immunomodulation, and various protocols have been applied. Future research should seek to identify the most successful immunomodulation protocol in patients with high sustained titers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-019-1039-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Poelman
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 2060, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Hoogeveen-Westerveld
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 2060, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M P van den Hout
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 2060, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R G M Bredius
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden Medical University Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden Medical University Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G J A Driessen
- Department of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - S S M Kamphuis
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W W M Pijnappel
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 2060, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A T van der Ploeg
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, P.O. BOX 2060, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jöris MM, Lankester AC, von dem Borne PA, Kuball J, Bierings M, Cornelissen JJ, Sijnke MEG, van der Holt B, van Rood JJ, Oudshoorn M, Claas FHJ. Translating in vitro prediction of cytotoxic T cell alloreactivity to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome. Transpl Immunol 2014; 30:59-64. [PMID: 24440708 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previously we developed a weighted amino acid (AA) mismatch score predictive for cytotoxic T cell (CTL) alloreactivity (in vitro CTLp assay) based on the structure of the HLA class I molecule. The aim of this study is to confirm the clinical relevance of the CTLp assay and to validate the AA mismatch score as an alternative and easy to use tool to predict permissible mismatches in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS We selected patients transplanted with a 9/10 single HLA class I mismatched graft (n=171) at three Dutch HSCT centers. A CTLp assay was performed in 73 donor-recipient pairs. As a control we selected 168 10/10 HLA matched pairs that were matched to the 9/10 single HLA class I mismatched pairs for HSCT year, donor type, patient age and diagnosis. RESULTS We observed that pairs with negative a CTLp assay had statistically significant decreased incidence of mortality after HSCT comparable to that of 10/10 HLA matched pairs. However, the weighted AA mismatch score did not significantly predict any HSCT end point of interest. CONCLUSION Further investigation is needed to unravel the mechanisms involved in causing the beneficial effect of a negative CTLp assay, before other alternative tools to predict HSCT outcome may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Jöris
- Europdonor Foundation, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood transfusion, LUMC, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - J Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, UMCU, The Netherlands
| | - M Bierings
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMCU, The Netherlands
| | - J J Cornelissen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed, The Netherlands
| | | | - B van der Holt
- HOVON Data Center, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed, The Netherlands
| | - J J van Rood
- Europdonor Foundation, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood transfusion, LUMC, The Netherlands
| | - M Oudshoorn
- Europdonor Foundation, The Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood transfusion, LUMC, The Netherlands
| | - F H J Claas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood transfusion, LUMC, The Netherlands
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Jöris MM, Lankester AC, von dem Borne PA, Kuball J, Bierings M, Cornelissen JJ, Groenendijk-Sijnke ME, van der Holt B, Haasnoot GW, van der Zanden HGM, van Walraven SM, van Rood JJ, Claas FHJ, Oudshoorn M. The impact of frequent HLA haplotypes in high linkage disequilibrium on donor search and clinical outcome after unrelated haematopoietic SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 48:483-90. [PMID: 23064039 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The MHC region on chromosome 6 contains a large number of non-HLA genes next to the HLA genes. Matching for HLA in unrelated hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) does not necessarily mean that these non-HLA genes are also matched. We selected 348 Northwest European patients transplanted with an HLA-A-, -B-, -C-, -DRB1-, -DQB1-matched unrelated donor (MUD) between 1987 and 2008. Patients' haplotypes were identified via descend. We were unable to determine the haplotypes of the donor; therefore we used frequent haplotypes (FH) in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) as a proxy for haplotype matching. Presence of a FH in a patient positively affected the probability and speed of identifying a matched unrelated donor. Competing risk survival analysis showed that patients with one or two FH have a statistically significantly decreased probability of developing ≥ grade II acute GVDH (aGVHD) without increased risk of relapse compared to patients without FH (HR (95% CI): 0.53 (0.31-0.91)). This association was strongest for those FH with the highest LD between both HLA-A and -C or -B, and HLA-C or -B and -DRB1 (HR (95% CI): 0.49 (0.26-0.92)). These results extend evidence that non-HLA allele coding regions have a significant impact on development of ≥ grade II aGVHD. We conclude that there is more to successful HSCT than matching for HLA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Jöris
- Europdonor Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Mul D, Wu S, de Paus RA, Oostdijk W, Lankester AC, Duyvenvoorde HAV, Ruivenkamp CAL, Losekoot M, Tol MJDV, De Luca F, van de Vosse E, Wit JM. A mosaic de novo duplication of 17q21-25 is associated with GH insensitivity, disturbed in vitro CD28-mediated signaling, and decreased STAT5B, PI3K, and NF-κB activation. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:743-52. [PMID: 22214923 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The established causes of GH insensitivity include defects of the GH receptor and STAT5B. The latter condition is also characterized by severe immunodeficiency. A recent case with short stature, GH resistance, and immunodeficiency due to an IκB mutation suggests that the NF-κB pathway may interact with STAT5B signaling. DESIGN Here, we present a case of a short child with several congenital anomalies as well as GH insensitivity and mild immunodeficiency associated with a mosaic de novo duplication of chromosome 17q21-25, suggesting that overexpression of one of the duplicated genes may be implicated in GH resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro studies on blood lymphocytes showed disturbed signaling of the CD28 pathway, involving NF-κB and related proteins. Functional studies on cultured skin fibroblasts revealed that NF-κB activation, PI3K activity, and STAT5 phosphorylation in response to GH were suppressed, while the sensitivity to GH in terms of MAPK phosphorylation was increased. An in silico analysis of the duplicated genes showed that MAP3K3 and PRKCA are associated with the NF-κB pathway. Baseline MAP3K3 expression in T-cell blasts (TCBs) was normal, but PRKCA expression in TCBs and fibroblasts was significantly higher than that in control cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the 17q21-25 duplication is associated with GH insensitivity and disturbed STAT5B, PI3K, and NF-κB signaling, possibly due to PRKCA mRNA overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mul
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Jol-van der Zijde CM, Bredius RGM, Jansen-Hoogendijk AM, Smiers FJ, Lankester AC, van Tol MJD. Antibodies to anti-thymocyte globulin in aplastic anemia patients have a negative impact on hematopoietic SCT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 47:1256-8. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jol-van der Zijde CM, Bredius RGM, Jansen-Hoogendijk AM, Raaijmakers S, Egeler RM, Lankester AC, van Tol MJD. IgG antibodies to ATG early after pediatric hematopoietic SCT increase the risk of acute GVHD. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 47:360-8. [PMID: 21892212 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), raised in rabbits, is frequently used in allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (HSCT), to prevent graft rejection and acute GVHD. In solid organ transplant patients, antibodies to rabbit IgG result in an enhanced clearance of ATG. The occurrence of such antibodies in HSCT recipients and their clinical impact is unknown. Concentrations of ATG and anti-ATG antibodies were measured in 72 pediatric HSCT recipients treated with ATG as part of the conditioning. Anti-ATG antibodies were detected in 20 children (28%), all transplanted with a non-depleted graft. IgG anti-ATG, alone or combined with IgM and/or IgA anti-ATG, appeared in 10 children. Four patients developed IgG anti-ATG antibodies early (before day 22) post-HSCT. They had steep drops in ATG levels and showed rapid T-cell recovery, which was associated with a significantly increased risk of acute GVHD. In six patients IgG anti-ATG responses occurred later (range 28-46 days) after HSCT without an increased risk of GVHD. A total of 10 children only mounted an IgM (and IgA) anti-ATG response, which was without major impact on ATG levels. These results indicate that early development of IgG anti-ATG antibodies has a major impact on acute GVHD. Routine analysis ATG/anti-ATG Ab measurement should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Jol-van der Zijde
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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9
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Lankester AC, Bierings MB, van Wering ER, Wijkhuijs AJM, de Weger RA, Wijnen JT, Vossen JM, Versluys B, Egeler RM, van Tol MJD, Putter H, Révész T, van Dongen JJM, van der Velden VHJ, Schilham MW. Preemptive alloimmune intervention in high-risk pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients guided by minimal residual disease level before stem cell transplantation. Leukemia 2010; 24:1462-9. [PMID: 20535148 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Relapse of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains the main cause of treatment failure after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). A high level of minimal residual disease (MRD) before alloSCT has been shown to predict these relapses. Patients at risk might benefit from a preemptive alloimmune intervention. In this first prospective, MRD-guided intervention study, 48 patients were stratified according to pre-SCT MRD level. Eighteen children with MRD level >or=1 x 10(-4) were eligible for intervention, consisting of early cyclosporine A tapering followed by consecutive, incremental donor lymphocyte infusions (n=1-4). The intervention was associated with graft versus host disease >or=grade II in only 23% of patients. Event-free survival in the intervention group was 19%. However, in contrast with the usual early recurrence of leukemia, relapses were delayed up to 3 years after SCT. In addition, several relapses presented at unusual extramedullary sites suggesting that the immune intervention may have altered the pattern of leukemia recurrence. In 8 out of 11 evaluable patients, relapse was preceded by MRD recurrence (median 9 weeks, range 0-30). We conclude that in children with high-risk ALL, immunotherapy-based regimens after SCT are feasible and may need to be further intensified to achieve total eradication of residual leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Vardizer Y, Lupetti A, Vandelanotte S, Lankester AC, Wiersinga WM, Baldeschi L. Graves' orbitopathy in a patient with adrenoleukodystrophy after bone marrow transplantation. Eur J Endocrinol 2009; 161:369-73. [PMID: 19451211 DOI: 10.1530/eje-08-0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For many years, the treatment of X-linked childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (XALD) consisted of hydrocortisone replacement and a mixture of short chain-fatty acids, known as 'Lorenzo's oil'. Recently, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has also been used. CASE REPORT We report the case of a patient affected by XALD who developed Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH) and Graves' orbitopathy (GO) after BMT and who we could follow-up for 6.5 years afterwards. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A boy affected by XALD was treated at the age of 6 years, with a whole BMT from his sister. One year after BMT, the transplanted patient presented TSH at the lower normal value and 3 years later he developed thyrotoxicosis. After a further 2 years, the patient developed GO, which showed clinical evidence of reactivation 5 years after its onset as a consequence of an attempt to treat thyrotoxicosis by means of I(131) (300 MBq). Seven years after BMT, the donor showed alterations of thyroid autoimmunity and 1 year thereafter she developed GH. She never presented GO during a subsequent 5 year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This case illustrates that autoimmunity originating from a pre-symptomatic donor can be transferred into the host during allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In cases where autoimmune phenomena are recognized in the donor prior to donation, alternative donors or T-cell manipulation of the graft might be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Vardizer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Orbital Center, University of Amsterdam, Room D2-436, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Willemze AJ, Cremers SC, Schoemaker RC, Lankester AC, den Hartigh J, Burggraaf J, Vossen JM. Ciclosporin kinetics in children after stem cell transplantation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 66:539-45. [PMID: 18492124 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To develop a limited sampling strategy to determine ciclosporin systemic exposure [area-under-the-curve(AUC)]. This is meant to be the first step in a future study of the relationship between AUC and the biological effects of ciclosporin. METHODS The pharmacokinetics of ciclosporin was investigated prospectively following stem cell transplantation (SCT) in 17 children, aged 1.8-16.1 years. Ciclosporin was given twice daily, intravenously over a short infusion of 2 h duration during the early post-SCT period, or orally later on, when oral medication was well tolerated. Parameter estimation was performed using nonlinear mixed effect modelling as implemented in the NONMEM program. Individual empirical Bayes estimates of clearance and distribution volume were correlated with the demographic variables. RESULTS Pharmacokinetics was described adequately with a two-compartment model with lag time (population estimates: CL = 11.3 l h(-1); V(c) = 16.5 l; V(p) = 59.9 l; t(1/2) absorption = 0.78 h, t(lag) = 0.6 h). The AUCs, determined for the combination of trough level with one time point between 2 and 3 h after dosing, correlated very well with the reference AUC (r(2) = 0.97). No correlation was found between clearance and distribution volume, and the demographic patient variables length, body weight, age and glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION A two-point limited sampling strategy, in combination with a Bayesian fitting procedure using the pharmacokinetic population model described, can adequately determine the AUC of ciclosporin. Since no correlation between clearance and body weight was found, dosing ciclosporin per kg bodyweight is not supported by the results of this study. We suggest starting with a fixed dose, followed by AUC determination and dose adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Willemze
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Immunology, Haematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Autoimmune Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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12
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Bresters D, Van Gils ICM, Dekker FW, Lankester AC, Bredius RGM, Schweizer JJ. Abnormal liver enzymes two years after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: prevalence and risk factors. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 41:27-31. [PMID: 17994124 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To establish the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes in children transplanted in a Dutch haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) centre, we retrospectively assessed AST and ALT values at 2 years after HSCT. Age, sex, diagnosis, type of transplant, conditioning regimen and early post-transplant complications involving the liver (veno-occlusive disease, acute GVHD, viral reactivation) were analysed as risk factors. AST and ALT values were available at 2 years after HSCT in 216 of 290 patients (75%) alive at that time and were above normal in 53 (25%) and at least twice normal in 17 (8%) patients. Older age at HSCT and a diagnosis of benign haematological disease are risk factors for abnormal liver enzymes late after HSCT. In half of the patients with benign haematological disease, iron overload is the most likely aetiological factor. Chronic hepatitis B or C is uncommon in our centre. In conclusion, the prevalence of abnormal liver enzymes late after HSCT in our centre is lower than reported in previous studies. Abnormal liver enzymes occur more often in children who are older at HSCT and transplanted for benign haematological disease. Long-term follow-up is crucial to establish if elevated liver enzymes precede clinical liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bresters
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Haemato-Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Auto-immune Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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Bredius RGM, Laan LAEM, Lankester AC, Poorthuis BJHM, van Tol MJD, Egeler RM, Arts WFM. Early marrow transplantation in a pre-symptomatic neonate with late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy does not halt disease progression. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 39:309-10. [PMID: 17237829 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Lankester AC, Visser LFA, Hartwig NG, Bredius RGM, Gaspar HB, van der Burg M, van Tol MJD, Gross TG, Egeler RM. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease: two cases in one family and review of the literature. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:99-105. [PMID: 15908972 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a rare immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the signaling lymphocyte activating molecule-associated protein/SH2D1A gene and characterized by a dysregulated immune response to Epstein-Barr virus and other pathogens. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous and includes fulminant infectious mononucleosis, lymphoma, hypogammaglobulinemia and aplastic anemia. XLP is associated with a high morbidity and overall outcome is poor. At present, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is the only curative treatment. XLP patients may be recognized in various stages of disease and even when symptoms are not yet evident. We here present two related XLP patients in different stages of disease that were both treated successfully with alloSCT using a matched unrelated donor. In addition, we have reviewed all reported cases of alloSCTs in XLP patients. Based on these results and in order to improve the final outcome, we conclude that alloSCT should be recommended in both symptomatic and asymptomatic XLP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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15
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Korthof ET, Snijder PP, de Graaff AA, Lankester AC, Bredius RGM, Ball LM, Lie JLWT, Vossen JM, Egeler RM. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: a single center experience of 23 patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 35:455-61. [PMID: 15654356 PMCID: PMC7091614 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a childhood leukemia for which allogeneic BMT is the only curative therapy. At our pediatric stem cell transplantation unit, we performed 26 BMTs in 23 children (age 0.5–12.7 years). Conditioning was CY/TBI based (1980–1996, n=14) or BU/CY/melphalan based (1996–2001, n=9). Donors were HLA-identical siblings (n=11), unrelated volunteers (n=9) or mismatched family members (n=3). A total of 10 patients survive in CR (median follow-up 6.8 years, range 3.1–22.2 years). Relapse or persistent disease was observed in eight and two patients, respectively. Nine of these patients died, one achieved a second remission following acute nonlymphatic leukemia chemotherapy (duration to date 5.3 years). Transplant-related mortality occurred in four patients. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 43.5%. Using T-cell-depleted, one-antigen mismatched unrelated donors was the only significant adverse factor associated with relapse in multivariate analysis (P=0.039, hazard ratio 4.9). Together with a trend towards less relapse in patients with graft-versus-host-disease and in patients transplanted with matched unrelated donors, this suggests a graft-versus-leukemia effect of allogeneic BMT in JMML.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Korthof
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Zwaveling J, Bredius RGM, Cremers SCLM, Ball LM, Lankester AC, Teepe-Twiss IM, Egeler RM, den Hartigh J, Vossen JM. Intravenous busulfan in children prior to stem cell transplantation: study of pharmacokinetics in association with early clinical outcome and toxicity. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 35:17-23. [PMID: 15502853 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We studied the pharmacokinetics of intravenous busulfan (Bu) in children in order to further optimize intravenous Bu dosing in relation to toxicity and survival. A total of 31 children undergoing Bu-based conditioning for allogeneic SCT were enrolled in a study. The starting dose was 1.0 mg/kg (age < 4 years) and 0.8 mg/kg (age > or =4 years), four doses per day during 4 days. Dose adjustment was allowed up to a maximum dose of 1.0 mg/kg per dose if the target area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) was not reached. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed after the first dose. Donor engraftment was established in 28 out of 31 patients. The average AUC after the first dose was the same in children < 4 years as in children > or =4 years. Mean clearance was higher in children < 4 years than in children > or =4 years. In 35% of all patients, total AUC was within the target AUC. The other children's AUCs were below the target range. No relationships were found between systemic exposure to Bu and toxicity or clinical outcome. We concluded that, in accordance with previous data, within the observed AUCs no clear relationship was observed between Bu AUC and outcome with respect to toxicity, engraftment and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zwaveling
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Ball LM, Lankester AC, Bredius RGM, Fibbe WE, van Tol MJD, Egeler RM. Graft dysfunction and delayed immune reconstitution following haploidentical peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 35 Suppl 1:S35-8. [PMID: 15812528 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For many children with life-threatening hematological diseases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative option. In children lacking a matched related or unrelated donor and with the certainty that, left untreated, death will ensue alternative donors must be sought. Haplo-identical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from a healthy parent is a feasible alternative. To reduce the risk of fatal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) as a complication of transplant across major histocompatibility antigens, intense T-cell depletion is required. Large numbers of purified, cytokine mobilized peripheral stem cells (the so-called mega-dose concept) are required to compensate for the significantly increased risk of either graft failure or early rejection. In our unit, despite this approach, graft dysfunction has, in a significant group of children, proved problematic and, despite salvage attempts at re-transplantation, usually fatal. In children with hematological malignant disease, our overall relapse-free survival is 41%. However, successful transplant outcome has been associated with considerable delays in immune reconstitution that can be implicated in subsequent viral reactivation. We are investigating new strategies to improve the outcome of haplo-identical PBSCT, which may allow us to offer this form of treatment to more children requiring urgent HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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18
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van Tol MJD, Claas ECJ, Heemskerk B, Veltrop-Duits LA, de Brouwer CS, van Vreeswijk T, Sombroek CC, Kroes ACM, Beersma MFC, de Klerk EPA, Egeler RM, Lankester AC, Schilham MW. Adenovirus infection in children after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: diagnosis, treatment and immunity. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 35 Suppl 1:S73-6. [PMID: 15812536 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are a frequent cause of potentially fatal infections in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, especially in children. Monitoring of serum/plasma by real-time quantitative PCR is a sensitive tool for the recognition of patients at risk of a potentially fatal infection and for the evaluation of the efficacy of treatment. Data from a retrospective study and from a prospective study demonstrate that recovery of immunity after transplantation is essential for the elimination of HAdV infection. The feasibility of several approaches for the manipulation of immunity in the immunocompromised host to prevent a fatal course of the infection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J D van Tol
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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19
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Lankester AC, Heemskerk B, Claas ECJ, Schilham MW, Beersma MFC, Bredius RGM, van Tol MJD, Kroes ACM. Effect of Ribavirin on the Plasma Viral DNA Load in Patients with Disseminating Adenovirus Infection. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:1521-5. [PMID: 15156436 DOI: 10.1086/420817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (AdV) infections are an increasingly frequent and potentially fatal complication in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. To determine the antiviral potential of ribavirin in an unbiased way, 4 patients without immune recovery were prospectively analyzed by quantitative measurement of plasma AdV DNA load. Administration of ribavirin at the first signs of AdV dissemination was not accompanied by a decrease in the plasma AdV DNA load in any of these patients, and an increase in the AdV load was even documented in 3. These observations question the potential of ribavirin to improve the outcome for patients with disseminating AdV infection and support a critical evaluation of antiviral treatments for AdV infection that involves the kinetics of virus DNA load as an objective parameter of viral replication.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/blood
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/drug therapy
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/pathology
- Adenoviruses, Human/drug effects
- Adenoviruses, Human/growth & development
- Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification
- Adenoviruses, Human/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA, Viral/blood
- DNA, Viral/drug effects
- Disease Progression
- Humans
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Prospective Studies
- Ribavirin/pharmacokinetics
- Ribavirin/pharmacology
- Ribavirin/therapeutic use
- Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Treatment Outcome
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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20
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ten Cate R, Smiers FJ, Bredius RGM, Lankester AC, van Suijlekom-Smit LWA, Huizinga TW, Egeler RM. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) for refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia in a girl with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 43:244. [PMID: 14739467 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Ball LM, Lankester AC, Giordano PC, van Weel MH, Harteveld CL, Bredius RGM, Smiers FJ, Egeler RM, Vossen JMJJ. Paediatric allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for homozygous beta-thalassaemia, the Dutch experience. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31:1081-7. [PMID: 12796787 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed the results of the Dutch paediatric bone marrow transplant (BMT) program for children receiving HLA-identical BMT for beta-thalassaemia major over an 18-year period. In all, 19 patients underwent a total of 21 transplants in our treatment centre between July 1984 and February 2002. Eight females (age 0.3-12 years; median 5 years) and 11 males (age 0.8-18 years; median 6 years) were included. Information, prospectively collected, included molecular defects, donor genotype, beta/alpha-globin expression rates, serum ferritin levels, hepato-splenomegaly, chelation history, virology screening, liver pathology together with post-transplant outcome inclusive of leucocyte chimerism. In total, 11 patients received standard busulphan/cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) conditioning, with or without ATG. Stable engraftment was seen in 5/11 with late rejection occurring in six patients. Of these, two children underwent a second successful SCT. For this group, overall event-free survival (EFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 90 (10/11) and 64% (7/11), respectively. The probability of rejection was 55%. Subsequent addition of melphalan to the conditioning regimen resulted in long-term stable engraftment in all patients with an EFS/DFS for this group of 90% (9/10). Treatment-related mortality, irrespective of conditioning, was low at 5% (1/19 patients). Veno-occlusive disease (VOD) occurred in 19% (4/21 transplants) and acute GvHD in 19% (4/21 transplants). Post-BMT beta/alpha synthetic ratio measurement monitored donor erythroid engraftment and predicted rejection with a return to transfusion dependency. Maintained full donor chimerism is indicative of stable engraftment both for leucocyte and erythroid lineages, whereas mixed donor chimerism is not. Our results emphasise the importance of the conditioning regimen and post-transplant chimerism surveillance predictive of rejection or long-term stable engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Ball
- The Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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22
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Groeneweg M, Lankester AC, Bredius RGM. [From gene to disease; CD40 ligand deficiency as the cause of X-linked hyper-IgM-syndrome]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2003; 147:1009-11. [PMID: 12811971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIM) is a rare congenital immunodeficiency disorder, characterised by a defect in both humoral and cellular immune responses. In XHIM, the membrane glycoprotein CD40 ligand (expressed on activated T-cells) is deficient, which compromises T-cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells. Patients with XHIM present with severe, recurrent infections, predominantly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. The gene encoding the CD40 ligand is located on the long arm of the X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Groeneweg
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Willem Alexander Kinder- en Jeugdcentrum, afd. Immunologie, Hematologie, Oncologie, Beenmergtransplantatie en Auto-immuunziekten, Leiden.
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23
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Kraal KCJM, Bredius RGM, Lankester AC, Granzen B, Oudshoorn M, Egeler RM. [Two brothers with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, treated by transplantation of stem cells from a single unrelated donor]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2002; 146:2309-12. [PMID: 12497761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
In two Turkish brothers familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) was diagnosed at 3 years and 2.5 months, respectively. FHLH is a rare autosomal recessive condition with a typical clinical presentation including prolonged fever, failure to thrive, irritability and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory evaluations show cytopenia (at least two out of the three cell lines), hypertriglyceridaemia and hypofibrinogenaemia. A pathognomonic sign is haemophagocytosis in bone marrow or tissue biopsy. Both patients were treated with stem-cell transplants using bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells, respectively, from one unrelated donor. They showed a good haematological recovery, with minor complications, and at follow-up after one year were free of disease. Immune suppression can induce prolonged remission in FHLH, but cure is only achieved after a successful allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Without transplantation, the prognosis is very poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C J M Kraal
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden
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ten Cate R, Lankester AC, van der Straaten PJC, van Suijlekom-Smit LWA, Wit JM. [A flow diagram for the diagnosis of acute, non-traumatic joint complaints during childhood, retrospectively applied to 115 children]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2002; 146:1222-6. [PMID: 12132137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute, non-traumatic joint complaints during childhood can be caused by conditions which require a quick and adequate recognition and treatment as well as by conditions in which an expectant policy can be pursued. On the basis of certain data from the anamnesis, supplemented with findings from the physical examination it is often possible to arrive at a (probable) diagnosis. An algorithm was designed, the differential steps of which were: fever, C-reactive protein titre, involvement of the hip joint, the presence of extra-articular manifestations and the results of a full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and imaging techniques. When this algorithm was retrospectively applied to the disease data of 115 children with acute, non-traumatic joint complaints, for whom the diagnosis in the status was taken as the gold standard, the correct diagnosis was established for every single child: for 98 (85.2%) by the shortest route and for 17 (14.8%) indirectly. In the case of 4 children, use of this algorithm would have led to unnecessary laboratory investigations and/or treatment. None of the diseases requiring immediate treatment were missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R ten Cate
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Willem-Alexander Kinder- en Jeugdcentrum, afd. Kindergeneeskunde, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden
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25
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Lankester AC, van Tol MJD, Claas ECJ, Vossen JM, Kroes ACM. Quantification of adenovirus DNA in plasma for management of infection in stem cell graft recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:864-7. [PMID: 11850866 DOI: 10.1086/339073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2001] [Revised: 10/19/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a real-time polymerase chain reaction method for quantification of adenovirus to monitor the dynamics of viral DNA load in plasma in pediatric stem-cell graft recipients. Two cases are described to demonstrate that detection and quantification of the adenovirus DNA load at regular intervals may be important to document the stage of adenovirus infection, to make decisions on clinical intervention, and to accurately monitor the response to antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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26
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Maurice MM, Lankester AC, Bezemer AC, Geertsma MF, Tak PP, Breedveld FC, van Lier RA, Verweij CL. Defective TCR-mediated signaling in synovial T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.6.2973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the functional status of T cells is incompletely understood. Synovial T cells display phenotypic evidence of former activation, but there is poor production of T cell-derived cytokines in the synovium. In addition, synovial T cell proliferation upon mitogenic and antigenic stimulation was decreased compared with that in peripheral blood T cells. Moreover, previous reports revealed that early Ca2+ rises induced by TCR/CD3 stimulation were decreased in RA T cells compared with those in healthy controls. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of RA synovial T cell hyporesponsiveness, we analyzed the TCR/CD3-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in RA peripheral blood and synovial fluid (SF) T cells. SF T cells exhibited a decreased overall tyrosine phosphorylation pattern upon stimulation. Most notably, the induction of phosphorylation of p38 was virtually absent. Moreover, we found that tyrosine phosphorylation of the TCR zeta-chain, one of the most proximal events in TCR signaling, is clearly diminished in RA SF T cells. The decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation was accompanied by a decrease in detectable levels of zeta-protein within synovial T cells. These results suggest that a defective TCR signaling underlies the hyporesponsiveness of synovial T cells in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Maurice
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - A C Lankester
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - A C Bezemer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - M F Geertsma
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - P P Tak
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - F C Breedveld
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - R A van Lier
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
| | - C L Verweij
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
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27
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Maurice MM, Lankester AC, Bezemer AC, Geertsma MF, Tak PP, Breedveld FC, van Lier RA, Verweij CL. Defective TCR-mediated signaling in synovial T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol 1997; 159:2973-8. [PMID: 9300721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the functional status of T cells is incompletely understood. Synovial T cells display phenotypic evidence of former activation, but there is poor production of T cell-derived cytokines in the synovium. In addition, synovial T cell proliferation upon mitogenic and antigenic stimulation was decreased compared with that in peripheral blood T cells. Moreover, previous reports revealed that early Ca2+ rises induced by TCR/CD3 stimulation were decreased in RA T cells compared with those in healthy controls. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of RA synovial T cell hyporesponsiveness, we analyzed the TCR/CD3-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in RA peripheral blood and synovial fluid (SF) T cells. SF T cells exhibited a decreased overall tyrosine phosphorylation pattern upon stimulation. Most notably, the induction of phosphorylation of p38 was virtually absent. Moreover, we found that tyrosine phosphorylation of the TCR zeta-chain, one of the most proximal events in TCR signaling, is clearly diminished in RA SF T cells. The decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation was accompanied by a decrease in detectable levels of zeta-protein within synovial T cells. These results suggest that a defective TCR signaling underlies the hyporesponsiveness of synovial T cells in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Maurice
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Hospital, The Netherlands
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28
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Abstract
Functional studies revealed that two groups of B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) can be distinguished based on their capacity to mount a proliferative response following B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) cross-linking. The molecular basis for the functional distinction between these B-CLL groups most probably resides within or proximal to the BCR since non-responsive B-CLL, in marked contrast to responsive B-CLL, do not respond to BCR ligation with tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular substrates and increases in the free intracellular [Ca++]. Detailed biochemical analysis showed overall structural identity between responsive and non-responsive B-CLL with respect to both transmembrane and intracellular associates of the BCR complex. However expression levels of the protein tyrosine kinase syk, which is a key enzyme for the early signalling through the BCR, were found to be markedly lower in non-proliferating B-CLL. Here we will review current functional and biochemical data on responding and non-responding B-CLL and discuss the relevance of these findings for disease progression and our insight into the immunobiology of B-CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Lankester AC, Rood PM, van Schijndel GM, Hooibrink B, Verhoeven AJ, van Lier RA. Alteration of B-cell antigen receptor signaling by CD19 co-ligation. A study with bispecific antibodies. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:22326-30. [PMID: 8798392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.37.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of B-cell antigen receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinases is an early and crucial event in B-cell signaling. Apart from the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), the B-cell-specific transmembrane glycoprotein CD19 has also been shown to directly activate intracellular signaling cascades. In addition, because CD19 and the BCR are associated on the surface of activated B-cells, it has been proposed that close approximation between these two entities is crucial for optimal B-cell triggering. To test this hypothesis, bispecific antibodies were generated that bind membrane IgM and CD19 simultaneously. Although CD19 bispecific antibodies strongly induced tyrosine phosphorylation, they were, in contrast to muF(ab)2 fragments, unable to induce a proliferative response. Detailed analysis of the early signaling events showed that compared with muF(ab)2 fragments CD19 bispecific antibodies potently raised the intracellular [Ca2+], which was correlated with an efficient tyrosine phosphorylation of syk. Strikingly, the assembly of Grb2 complexes that may couple the BCR to p21(ras) was clearly altered by the CD19 bispecific antibody. In addition to the reported Shc and 145-kDa phosphoproteins, a prominent 90-95-kDa phosphoprotein resembling CD19 was detected in the Grb2 complexes. Thus, studies with CD19 bispecific antibodies show that CD19 co-ligation both quantitatively and qualitatively alters BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), like the PDGF-receptor, translate information from the extracellular environment into cytoplasmic signals that regulate a spectrum of cellular functions. RTK molecules consist of ligand binding extracellular domains, cytoplasmic kinase domains and tyrosine phosphorylation sites [Ullrich and Schlessinger, 1990 (Cell 61, 203-212); Heldin, 1992 (EMBO J. 11, 4251-4259)]. Upon ligand-induced RTK oligomerization, the kinase domains will become activated and induce auto(trans)phosphorylation of a number of cytoplasmic tyrosine residues. These phosphorylated tyrosine residues are incorporated in distinct sequence motifs and act as specific docking sites for SH2 domain-containing proteins [Songyang et al., 1993 (Cell 72, 767-778)]. In contrast to single- or oligo-chain RTK, immunological receptors such as antigen receptors, FcR and cytokine receptors are multi-chain complexes in which distinct receptor functions appear to be compartmentalized in distinct polypeptides. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the structural and functional characteristics of the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) and address the specific ability of accessory molecules to recruit intracellular signaling intermediates towards the activated receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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31
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Abstract
Hematopoietic cell phosphatase is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cell lineages. Motheaten mice, which are devoid of (functional) hematopoietic cell phosphatase, have severe disturbances in the regulation of B cell activation and differentiation. Because signals transduced via the B cell antigen receptor are known to guide these processes, we decided to analyze molecular interactions between the hematopoietic cell phosphatase and the B cell antigen receptor. Ligation of the B cell antigen receptor induces moderate tyrosine phosphorylation of hematopoietic cell phosphatase and the formation of a multi-molecular complex containing additional 68-70- and 135-kDa phosphoproteins. In resting B cells most of the hematopoietic cell phosphatase proteins reside in the cytosolic compartment, whereas after B cell antigen receptor cross-linking, a small fraction translocates toward the membrane where it specifically binds to the 135-kDa phosphoprotein. This 135-kDa glycoprotein was identified as CD22, a transmembrane associate of the B cell antigen receptor complex. Together these findings provide the first direct evidence that this cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase is involved in antigen receptor-mediated B cell activation, suggesting that in vivo B cell antigen receptor constituents or associated molecules may serve as substrate for its catalytic activity.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, CD/isolation & purification
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Burkitt Lymphoma
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Linking Reagents
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Lectins
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Molecular Weight
- Palatine Tonsil/immunology
- Phosphoproteins/isolation & purification
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/isolation & purification
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/physiology
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Central Laboratory of the Blood Transfusion Service, The Netherlands Red Cross, University of Amsterdam
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32
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Lankester AC, van Schijndel GM, van der Schoot CE, van Oers MH, van Noesel CJ, van Lier RA. Antigen receptor nonresponsiveness in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Blood 1995; 86:1090-7. [PMID: 7620163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) are clonal populations of mIgM+ or mIgM+/mIgD+ CD5+ B cells that appear to be arrested in the follicular mantle-zone B-cell stage. Functional analyses have shown two groups of B-CLL that can be distinguished based on their capacity to proliferate in response to B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) cross-linking. To investigate the molecular basis for this phenomenon, we have analyzed both architecture and functional properties of BCR complexes on these two groups of B-CLL. Both groups were found to express structurally similar BCR. However, protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity associated with and specific for BCR constituents was strongly diminished in nonresponsive B-CLL. Moreover, the PTK-dependent assembly of Shc/Grb2 complexes, which may couple the BCR to p21ras, was absent in these B-CLL. Finally, of all PTKs tested, the expression of PTK syk was found to be considerably lower in nonresponsive B-CLL. Thus, absence of mitogenic responses upon BCR cross-linking in particular B-CLL was found to be strictly correlated with diminished induction of BCR-associated PTK activity and lower levels of PTK syk. Because nonresponsive B-CLL closely resembles tolerant autoreactive B cells both functionally and biochemically, distinction between B-CLL with respect to functional properties in vitro may be determined by differences in antigen encounter in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD79 Antigens
- Calcium/physiology
- Enzyme Precursors/metabolism
- GRB2 Adaptor Protein
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macromolecular Substances
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/physiology
- Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
- Signal Transduction
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
- Syk Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology and Immunohematology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Lankester AC, van Schijndel GM, Rood PM, Verhoeven AJ, van Lier RA. B cell antigen receptor cross-linking induces tyrosine phosphorylation and membrane translocation of a multimeric Shc complex that is augmented by CD19 co-ligation. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24:2818-25. [PMID: 7525306 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830241136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The SH2 domain-containing transforming Shc protein has been implicated in mitogenic signaling via several surface receptors through p21ras. Following tyrosine phosphorylation by either receptor or non-receptor tyrosine kinases, Shc may interact with the adaptor protein Grb2, which is linked to Sos1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for human ras. Ligation of the antigen receptor complex on B cells (BCR) is known to activate various intracellular signaling pathways, which may accumulate in mitogenic responses. With respect to the initial steps, the activation of BCR-associated non-receptor tyrosine kinases appears to be indispensible. In this report we show that Shc proteins become tyrosine phosphorylated after BCR ligation on both transformed and normal human B cells. This is accompanied by the association of Shc with Grb2 proteins and a yet unidentified 145-kDa tyrosine phosphorylated protein. Subcellular fractionation revealed that this activation-induced multimeric Shc complex rapidly translocates towards the plasma membrane. Co-ligation of the BCR with the CD19 molecule results in a marked increase of these events, whereas CD19 cross-linking alone does not induce Shc tyrosine phosphorylation or translocation. Thus, in B cells the Shc complex may represent a molecular junction between the BCR and the mitogenic p21ras cascade.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, CD19
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/physiology
- Biological Transport
- CD4 Antigens/physiology
- Fungal Proteins/metabolism
- GRB2 Adaptor Protein
- Humans
- Phosphorylation
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/physiology
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- SOS1 Protein
- Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tyrosine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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34
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van Kemenade FJ, Tellegen E, Maurice MM, Lankester AC, Kuijpers TW, Brouwer M, de Jong R, Miedema F, van Lier RA. Simultaneous regulation of CD2 adhesion and signaling functions by a novel CD2 monoclonal antibody. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.9.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Accessory molecules on T cells can support adhesion and transduce agonistic signals that facilitate Ag receptor-induced T cell activation. The T cell differentiation Ag CD2 may exert both functions, as has been amply demonstrated in studies with CD2 mAbs. In addition, experiments in which either purified ligand (CD58) or transfected CD2 and CD58 molecules were used have confirmed this notion. However, controversy exists as to whether CD2 alters its affinity for CD58 in the course of T cell stimulation, and whether this putative affinity change affects CD2-mediated activation signals. We now describe a CD2 mAb (HIK27) that recognizes an epitope constitutively expressed on resting T cells and induces increased adhesiveness of CD2 toward CD58. Addition of HIK27 to a stimulatory but nonmitogenic pair of CD2 mAbs induces a strong proliferative response. Finally, HIK27 was found to be co-mitogenic with CD58 expressed on sheep erythrocytes, B cell lines, and CD58-transfected L cells. The simultaneous modulation of CD2 adhesion and signaling on HIK27 binding suggests that both functions of the molecule may be enhanced in the course of T cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J van Kemenade
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Tellegen
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M M Maurice
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Lankester
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T W Kuijpers
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Brouwer
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R de Jong
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Miedema
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A van Lier
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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van Kemenade FJ, Tellegen E, Maurice MM, Lankester AC, Kuijpers TW, Brouwer M, de Jong R, Miedema F, van Lier RA. Simultaneous regulation of CD2 adhesion and signaling functions by a novel CD2 monoclonal antibody. J Immunol 1994; 152:4425-32. [PMID: 7512595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Accessory molecules on T cells can support adhesion and transduce agonistic signals that facilitate Ag receptor-induced T cell activation. The T cell differentiation Ag CD2 may exert both functions, as has been amply demonstrated in studies with CD2 mAbs. In addition, experiments in which either purified ligand (CD58) or transfected CD2 and CD58 molecules were used have confirmed this notion. However, controversy exists as to whether CD2 alters its affinity for CD58 in the course of T cell stimulation, and whether this putative affinity change affects CD2-mediated activation signals. We now describe a CD2 mAb (HIK27) that recognizes an epitope constitutively expressed on resting T cells and induces increased adhesiveness of CD2 toward CD58. Addition of HIK27 to a stimulatory but nonmitogenic pair of CD2 mAbs induces a strong proliferative response. Finally, HIK27 was found to be co-mitogenic with CD58 expressed on sheep erythrocytes, B cell lines, and CD58-transfected L cells. The simultaneous modulation of CD2 adhesion and signaling on HIK27 binding suggests that both functions of the molecule may be enhanced in the course of T cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J van Kemenade
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Abstract
On human B cells the antigen receptor complex is composed of the membrane form of the immunoglobulin molecule and the non-covalently associated Ig alpha/beta heterodimer. A small subpopulation of normal B cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells express (analogous to T cells) the transmembrane molecule CD5, a counterstructure of B cell-specific CD72. Numbers of CD5+ B cells are increased in several physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, CD5+ B cells are being held responsible for the production of autoreactive antibodies and seem to have signaling characteristics distinct from conventional B cells. On T cells, CD5 associates with the T cell receptor CD3 complex and ligation of CD5 leads to the generation of co-stimulatory signals, that act on T cell activation. We here demonstrate that CD5 is associated with the B cell receptor (BCR) complex and serves as substrate for BCR-induced tyrosine kinase activity. Hence, CD5+ B cells have a unique potential to modulate BCR signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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37
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Lankester AC, van Schijndel GM, Frommé J, Cordell JL, van Lier RA, van Noesel CJ. Evidence for a direct physical interaction of membrane IgM, IgD, and IgG with the B29 gene product. J Immunol 1994; 152:2157-62. [PMID: 8133032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The B cell Ag-receptor complex is composed of membrane immunoglobulin (mIg) and the mb-1/B29 heterodimer. In order to obtain insight into the architecture of the B cell receptor complex, we have looked for conditions that disrupt all disulfide bridges in the complex without affecting the noncovalent interaction between the mIg heavy chain and one or both members of the associated heterodimer. We show that in the presence of the reducing agent beta-mercaptoethanol the m mu, m delta, and m gamma heavy chains remain selectively associated with the B29 members. Our findings implied that if isotype-related differences exist between the mIg-associated dimers, they may reside in B29 and not, as initially suggested, in mb-1. However, sequence analyses of B29 gene transcripts from B cells expressing mIgM, mIgD, or mIgG only revealed no differences in their nucleotide composition. Thus, in spite of their close physical interaction with mIg heavy chain classes, which are significantly distinct in the C-terminal regions, no isotype-specific forms of B29 seem to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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38
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Lankester AC, van Schijndel GM, Frommé J, Cordell JL, van Lier RA, van Noesel CJ. Evidence for a direct physical interaction of membrane IgM, IgD, and IgG with the B29 gene product. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.5.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The B cell Ag-receptor complex is composed of membrane immunoglobulin (mIg) and the mb-1/B29 heterodimer. In order to obtain insight into the architecture of the B cell receptor complex, we have looked for conditions that disrupt all disulfide bridges in the complex without affecting the noncovalent interaction between the mIg heavy chain and one or both members of the associated heterodimer. We show that in the presence of the reducing agent beta-mercaptoethanol the m mu, m delta, and m gamma heavy chains remain selectively associated with the B29 members. Our findings implied that if isotype-related differences exist between the mIg-associated dimers, they may reside in B29 and not, as initially suggested, in mb-1. However, sequence analyses of B29 gene transcripts from B cells expressing mIgM, mIgD, or mIgG only revealed no differences in their nucleotide composition. Thus, in spite of their close physical interaction with mIg heavy chain classes, which are significantly distinct in the C-terminal regions, no isotype-specific forms of B29 seem to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | - G M van Schijndel
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | - J Frommé
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | - J L Cordell
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | - R A van Lier
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
| | - C J van Noesel
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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39
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Gerritsen EJ, van Tol MJ, Lankester AC, van der Weijden-Ragas CP, Jol-van der Zijde CM, Oudeman-Gruber NJ, Radl J, Vossen JM. Immunoglobulin levels and monoclonal gammopathies in children after bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1993; 82:3493-502. [PMID: 8241517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow graft recipients suffer profound immunodeficiency during at least 3 months after transplantation. B-cell reconstitution following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in children was studied longitudinally by quantification of Ig (sub)class levels in serum and by investigation of numbers and characteristics of homogeneous Ig components (H-Ig); ie, monoclonal gammopathies (MG). For the latter purpose, a sensitive immunoblotting technique capable of detecting H-Ig of a concentration as low as 0.5 microgram/mL was used. Sera of 40 children grafted for a variety of diseases were investigated and followed up for 5 years. It was found that Ig (sub)classes reached normal levels from 3 months after BMT onward. The sequential increase of the different Ig isotypes was in accordance with that seen in normal ontogeny. This was especially clear following BMT for severe congenital immunodeficiency. H-Ig appeared from as early as 6 weeks after BMT in increasing numbers, beginning within IgM, IgG3, and IgG1, and afterward within other isotypes. After an initial increase of serum Ig levels, "overshooting" occurred accompanied by high frequency of H-Ig. H-Ig were still present at 5 years after BMT, when Ig levels normalized. Our data indicate that B-cell reconstitution after allogeneic BMT recapitulates normal ontogeny but in a clonally dysregulated fashion; that is, with overexpression of some clones and underexpression of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Gerritsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lankester AC, van Noesel CJ, van Schijndel GM, van Lier RA. Surface expression of immunoglobulin isotypes on primary human B cells: no evidence for glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage. Immunol Suppl 1993; 80:45-50. [PMID: 8244462 PMCID: PMC1422123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface expression of membrane(m) IgM molecules requires the association of two disulphide-linked transmembrane (TM) glycoproteins, encoded by the B-cell-specific genes mb-1 and B29. We have shown that mIgM, mIgD and mIgG are associated with structurally related heterodimers on primary human B cells. Transfection studies in murine plasmacytoma cells, however, have demonstrated mb-1-independent expression of both mIgD and mIgG. The recent finding that mIgD is expressed on these cells through glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage may be interesting in view of the function of mIgD on primary B cells. We therefore investigated whether GPI linkage serves as an additional mechanism for expression of mIgD and the other mIg isotypes on primary human B cells. However, we were unable to demonstrate the release of mIg molecules upon treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) in either immunofluorescence analysis or Ig heavy (H) chain-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We conclude that primary human B cells, which constitutively express the mb-1 and B29 genes, do not express the mIg isotypes in a GPI-linked manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lankester
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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Abstract
The complement receptor 2 (CR2 or CD21) can be found in non-covalent association with the B lymphocyte specific CD19 complex at the surface of mature human B cells. Upon ligation of the B cell antigen receptor complex (BCR), members of the CR2-CD19 complex may associate with membrane immunoglobulin (mlg). Moreover, CD19 and CD21 ligands, either murine mAb, C3d fragments or Epstein-Barr virus, are known to have profound effects on B cell activation. We here show that CD19 is tightly linked to the non-receptor src kinase Lyn and that the CD19 glycoprotein itself serves as a substrate for a yet undefined serine/threonine kinase present within the complex. In the process of antigen recognition, mlg and the CR2-CD19 complex may bind different sites of a complement-opsonized antigenic particle. We hypothesize that in this process, approximation to the BCR allows CD19-associated Lyn kinase to phosphorylate potential substrates within the antigen-receptor complex, thereby effecting its coupling to the intracellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J van Noesel
- Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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Abstract
Foreign antigens opsonized by complement degradation products may be bound by both the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and CR2-CD19 complexes. Under these circumstances, the extensive cytoplasmic tail of CD19 endows the BCR with additional tyrosine kinase activity and with potential docking sites for molecules involved in cell signalling. Here, Carel van Noesel and colleagues argue that cooperation between BCR and CR2-CD19 at both the extra- and intracellular level provide for optimal recognition of antigen and amplification of ensuing intracellular signals.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD19
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Binding Sites
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Complement/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- C J van Noesel
- Central Laboratory of The Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, University of Amsterdam
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Lankester AC. State Medical Service in New Zealand. West J Med 1947. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4516.146-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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