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Alshibani B, Iatan I, Guerin A, Ruel I, Cermakova L, Ramanakumar AV, Pilote L, Coutinho T, Brunham LR, Genest J. Sex differences in the perception of cardiovascular risk in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e97-e104. [PMID: 37926591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a common genetic condition, is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Recent data indicate an undertreatment of females with FH. OBJECTIVE To characterize the role of sex in the perception of FH, its associated ASCVD risk and treatment. METHODS A survey investigating for sex differences in the perception of FH was sent to 1073 patients with FH using a cross sectional study design. RESULTS A total of 412 patients (51.9 % male) responded to the survey; mean age was 56.2 ± 14.4 years. There was a higher proportion of males with ASCVD than females (41.5 % vs. 16.5 %, respectively, p<0.001). Analyses of the survey responses showed that a majority of both males and females agreed that their risk of ASCVD is higher than healthy individuals of same age (70.8 % vs. 74.7 %, respectively, p = 0.434). Females were more concerned about having high LDL-C levels (67.5 % vs. 56.5 % in males, p = 0.024), especially those in secondary prevention programs. As for treatment of FH, approximately 75 % of both sex groups considered statins to be efficient in reducing the risk of myocardial infarction, but less than half of the females considered statins to be safe (44.8 % vs. 60.0 % in males, p = 0.003). No major sex differences were noted regarding the influence of the doctor in their understanding of FH as a disease. CONCLUSION Overall, both males and females with FH were well informed about FH, although females were more concerned about having high LDL-C levels and they feared the safety of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaqis Alshibani
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Drs Alshibani; Guerin; Ruel; Ramanakumar; Pilote; Genest), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Iulia Iatan
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (Drs Iatan; Cermakova; Brunham), Providence Health Care Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanda Guerin
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Drs Alshibani; Guerin; Ruel; Ramanakumar; Pilote; Genest), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ruel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Drs Alshibani; Guerin; Ruel; Ramanakumar; Pilote; Genest), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lubomira Cermakova
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (Drs Iatan; Cermakova; Brunham), Providence Health Care Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Drs Alshibani; Guerin; Ruel; Ramanakumar; Pilote; Genest), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louise Pilote
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Drs Alshibani; Guerin; Ruel; Ramanakumar; Pilote; Genest), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thais Coutinho
- Canadian Women's Heart Health Centre (Dr Coutinho), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Liam R Brunham
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (Drs Iatan; Cermakova; Brunham), Providence Health Care Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (Drs Alshibani; Guerin; Ruel; Ramanakumar; Pilote; Genest), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Shengir M, Lebouche B, Elgretli W, Saeed S, Ramanakumar AV, Giannakis A, De Pokomandy A, Cox J, Costiniuk C, Routy JP, Klein MB, Sebastiani G. Switch to a raltegravir-based antiretroviral regimen in people with HIV and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. HIV Med 2024; 25:135-142. [PMID: 37641534 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people with HIV remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of switching non-INSTI backbone antiretroviral medications to raltegravir on NAFLD and metabolic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single-centre, phase IV, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial. People living with HIV with NAFLD and undetectable viral load while receiving a non-INSTI were randomized 1:1 to the switch arm (raltegravir 400 mg twice daily) or the control arm (continuing ART regimens not containing INSTI). NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis by controlled attenuation parameter ≥238 dB/m in the absence of significant alcohol use and viral hepatitis co-infections. Cytokeratin 18 was used as a biomarker of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Changes over time in outcomes were quantified as standardized mean differences (SMDs), and a generalized linear mixed model was used to compare outcomes between study arms. RESULTS A total of 31 people with HIV (mean age 54 years, 74% male) were randomized and followed for 24 months. Hepatic steatosis improved between baseline and end of follow-up in both the switch (SMD -43.4 dB/m) and the control arm (-26.6 dB/m); the difference between arms was not significant. At the end of follow-up, aspartate aminotransferase significantly decreased in the switch arm compared with the control arm (SMD -9.4 vs. 5.5 IU/L). No changes in cytokeratin 18, body mass index, or lipids were observed between study arms. DISCUSSION Switching to a raltegravir-based regimen improved aspartate aminotransferase but seemed to have no effect on NAFLD, body weight, and lipids compared with remaining on any other ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shengir
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouche
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wesal Elgretli
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sahar Saeed
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andreas Giannakis
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandra De Pokomandy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph Cox
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cecilia Costiniuk
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marina B Klein
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Shengir M, Fillebeen C, Wagner J, Ramanakumar AV, Kaouache M, Klein MB, Pantopoulos K, Sebastiani G. Increased Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Predicts Mortality in People With HIV/HCV Coinfection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 94:273-279. [PMID: 37368933 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection experience excess mortality because of multiple causes. Identification of biomarkers associated with mortality beyond that attributable to liver fibrosis may be relevant for prognostication. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a phosphotropic hormone, predicts adverse outcomes in several chronic conditions. We aimed to investigate whether elevated FGF23 predicts all-cause mortality in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. METHODS We included patients with HIV/HCV coinfection from the Canadian Coinfection Cohort with available serum FGF23, fibrosis biomarker fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and at least 1-year follow-up. Elevated FGF23 and advanced liver fibrosis were defined as FGF23 > 241 reference unit/mL and FIB-4 > 3.25, respectively. All-cause mortality was analyzed using survival analysis. The effect of advanced liver fibrosis as a mediator on mortality was estimated by mediation analysis. RESULTS Three hundred twenty-one patients were included (24% with elevated FGF23, 19% with advanced liver fibrosis). During a mean follow-up period of 8.4 years, 34% of the cohort died. The incidence rate of all-cause mortality was higher in patients with elevated FGF23 (66.1 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 45.8 to 92.3) relative to patients without elevated FGF23 (37.5 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 29.6 to 46.9). After adjusting for potential confounders, elevated FGF23 was associated with significant direct and indirect effects (mediated through advanced liver fibrosis) on all-cause mortality, with 57% of deaths not mediated through advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HIV/HCV coinfection, FGF23 may be used as prognostic biomarker for risk stratification accounting also for death causes other than those attributable to liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shengir
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carine Fillebeen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Wagner
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mohammed Kaouache
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Marina B Klein
- Chronic Viral Illness Services, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Services, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Sebastiani G, Milic J, Kablawi D, Gioè C, Al Hinai AS, Lebouché B, Tsochatzis E, Finkel J, Ballesteros LR, Ramanakumar AV, Bhagani S, Benmassaoud A, Mazzola G, Cascio A, Guaraldi G. Fibroscan-Aspartate Aminotransferase Score Predicts Liver-Related Outcomes, but Not Extrahepatic Events, in a Multicenter Cohort of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:396-404. [PMID: 37013396 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequent in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). The Fibroscan-aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score was developed to identify patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and significant fibrosis. We investigated prevalence of NASH with fibrosis and the value of FAST score in predicting clinical outcomes in PWH. METHODS Transient elastography (Fibroscan) was performed in PWH without viral hepatitis coinfection from 4 prospective cohorts. We used FAST >0.35 to diagnose NASH with fibrosis. Incidence and predictors of liver-related outcomes (hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma) and extrahepatic events (cancer, cardiovascular disease) were evaluated through survival analysis. RESULTS Of the 1472 PWH included, 8% had FAST >0.35. Higher body mass index (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.14-1.29]), hypertension (aOR, 2.24 [95% CI, 1.16-4.34]), longer time since HIV diagnosis (aOR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.20-2.76]), and detectable HIV RNA (aOR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.02-4.85]) were associated with FAST >0.35. A total of 882 patients were followed for a median of 3.8 years (interquartile range, 2.5-4.2 years). Overall, 2.9% and 11.1% developed liver-related and extrahepatic outcomes, respectively. Incidence of liver-related outcomes was higher in patients with FAST >0.35 versus FAST ≤0.35 (45.1 [95% CI, 26.2-77.7] vs 5.0 [95% CI, 2.9-8.6] per 1000 person-years). FAST >0.35 remained an independent predictor of liver-related outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.97 [95% CI, 1.97-12.51]). Conversely, FAST did not predict extrahepatic events. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of PWH may have NASH with significant liver fibrosis. FAST score predicts liver-related outcomes and can help management of this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jovana Milic
- Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Dana Kablawi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claudia Gioè
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "P. Giaccone," Palermo, Italy
| | - Al Shaima Al Hinai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Tsochatzis
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jemima Finkel
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luz Ramos Ballesteros
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sanjay Bhagani
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amine Benmassaoud
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Giovanni Mazzola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sant'Elia Hospital, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "P. Giaccone," Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "Giuseppe D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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5
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Benmassaoud A, Macias J, Delamarre A, Corma-Gomez A, Guaraldi G, Milic J, Rockstroh JK, Van Bremen K, Tsochatzis E, Mulay A, Price J, Garvey LJ, Lemoine M, Kablawi D, Lebouche B, Klein MB, Ballesteros LR, Boesecke C, Schepis F, Bhagani S, Cooke G, Berzigotti A, Hirose K, Pineda JA, Ramanakumar AV, De-Ledinghen V, Saeed S, Sebastiani G. Prognostic value of non-invasive scores based on liver stiffness measurement, spleen diameter and platelets in HIV-infected patients. Liver Int 2023. [PMID: 37183550 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS People living with HIV (PLWH) are at high risk for advanced chronic liver disease and related adverse outcomes. We aimed to validate the prognostic value of non-invasive scores based on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and on markers of portal hypertension (PH), namely platelets and spleen diameter, in PLWH. METHODS We combined data from eight international cohorts of PLWH with available non-invasive scores, including LSM and the composite biomarkers liver stiffness-spleen size-to-platelet ratio score (LSPS), LSM-to-Platelet ratio (LPR) and PH risk score. Incidence and predictors of all-cause mortality, any liver-related event and classical hepatic decompensation were determined by survival analysis, controlling for competing risks for the latter two. Non-invasive scores were assessed and compared using area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). RESULTS We included 1695 PLWH (66.8% coinfected with hepatitis C virus). During a median follow-up of 4.7 (interquartile range 2.8-7.7) years, the incidence rates of any liver-related event, all-cause mortality and hepatic decompensation were 13.7 per 1000 persons-year (PY) (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.4-16.3), 13.8 per 1000 PY (95% CI, 11.6-16.4) and 9.9 per 1000 PY (95% CI, 8.1-12.2), respectively. The AUROC of LSM was similar to that of the composite biomarkers, ranging between 0.83 and 0.86 for any liver-related event, 0.79-0.85 for all-cause mortality and 0.87-0.88 for classical hepatic decompensation. All individual non-invasive scores remained independent predictors of clinical outcomes in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS Non-invasive scores based on LSM, spleen diameter and platelets predict clinical outcomes in PLWH. Composite biomarkers do not achieve higher prognostic performance compared to LSM alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Macias
- Hospital Universitario de Valme, Seville, Spain
| | - Adèle Delamarre
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Jovana Milic
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jürgen K Rockstroh
- Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Van Bremen
- Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Jennifer Price
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Maud Lemoine
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Dana Kablawi
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marina B Klein
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christopher Boesecke
- Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Graham Cooke
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Kyoko Hirose
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sahar Saeed
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Abitbol J, Kucukyazici B, Brin S, Lau S, Salvador S, Ramanakumar AV, Kessous R, Kogan L, Fletcher JD, Pare-Miron V, Liu G, Gotlieb WH. Impact of robotic surgery on patient flow and resource use intensity in ovarian cancer. J Robot Surg 2023; 17:537-547. [PMID: 35927390 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-022-01447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an emerging focus on the role of robotic surgery in ovarian cancer. To date, the operational and cost implications of the procedure remain unknown. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of integrating minimally invasive robotic surgery on patient flow, resource utilization, and hospital costs associated with the treatment of ovarian cancer during the in-hospital and post-discharge processes. 261 patients operated for the primary treatment of ovarian cancer between January 2006 and November 2014 at a university-affiliated tertiary hospital were included in this study. Outcomes were compared by surgical approach (robotic vs. open surgery) as well as pre- and post-implementation of the robotics platform for use in ovarian cancer. The in-hospital patient flow and number of emergency room visits within 3 months of surgery were evaluated using multi-state Markov models and generalized linear regression models, respectively. Robotic surgery cases were associated with lower rates of postoperative complications, resulted in a more expedited postoperative patient flow (e.g., shorter time in the recovery room, ICU, and inpatient ward), and were between $10,376 and $7,421 less expensive than the average laparotomy, depending on whether or not depreciation and amortization of the robotic platform were included. After discharge, patients who underwent robotic surgery were less likely to return to the ER (IRR 0.42, p = 0.02, and IRR 0.47, p = 0.055, in the univariate and multivariable models, respectively). With appropriate use of the technology, the addition of robotics to the medical armamentarium for the management of ovarian cancer, when clinically feasible, can bring about operational efficiencies and entails cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Abitbol
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Beste Kucukyazici
- Eli Broad College of Business, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sonya Brin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Susie Lau
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Shannon Salvador
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | | | - Roy Kessous
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Liron Kogan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - John D Fletcher
- Solidage Research Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valerie Pare-Miron
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Gilbert Liu
- Hôpital Du Haut-Richelieu, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Canada
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste. Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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Girardi F, Matz M, Stiller C, You H, Marcos Gragera R, Valkov MY, Bulliard JL, De P, Morrison D, Wanner M, O'Brian DK, Saint-Jacques N, Coleman MP, Allemani C, Hamdi-Chérif M, Kara L, Meguenni K, Regagba D, Bayo S, Cheick Bougadari T, Manraj SS, Bendahhou K, Ladipo A, Ogunbiyi OJ, Somdyala NIM, Chaplin MA, Moreno F, Calabrano GH, Espinola SB, Carballo Quintero B, Fita R, Laspada WD, Ibañez SG, Lima CA, Da Costa AM, De Souza PCF, Chaves J, Laporte CA, Curado MP, de Oliveira JC, Veneziano CLA, Veneziano DB, Almeida ABM, Latorre MRDO, Rebelo MS, Santos MO, Azevedo e Silva G, Galaz JC, Aparicio Aravena M, Sanhueza Monsalve J, Herrmann DA, Vargas S, Herrera VM, Uribe CJ, Bravo LE, Garcia LS, Arias-Ortiz NE, Morantes D, Jurado DM, Yépez Chamorro MC, Delgado S, Ramirez M, Galán Alvarez YH, Torres P, Martínez-Reyes F, Jaramillo L, Quinto R, Castillo J, Mendoza M, Cueva P, Yépez JG, Bhakkan B, Deloumeaux J, Joachim C, Macni J, Carrillo R, Shalkow Klincovstein J, Rivera Gomez R, Perez P, Poquioma E, Tortolero-Luna G, Zavala D, Alonso R, Barrios E, Eckstrand A, Nikiforuk C, Woods RR, Noonan G, Turner D, Kumar E, Zhang B, Dowden JJ, Doyle GP, Saint-Jacques N, Walsh G, Anam A, De P, McClure CA, Vriends KA, Bertrand C, Ramanakumar AV, Davis L, Kozie S, Freeman T, George JT, Avila RM, O’Brien DK, Holt A, Almon L, Kwong S, Morris C, Rycroft R, Mueller L, Phillips CE, Brown H, Cromartie B, Ruterbusch J, Schwartz AG, Levin GM, Wohler B, Bayakly R, Ward KC, Gomez SL, McKinley M, Cress R, Davis J, Hernandez B, Johnson CJ, Morawski BM, Ruppert LP, Bentler S, Charlton ME, Huang B, Tucker TC, Deapen D, Liu L, Hsieh MC, Wu XC, Schwenn M, Stern K, Gershman ST, Knowlton RC, Alverson G, Weaver T, Desai J, Rogers DB, Jackson-Thompson J, Lemons D, Zimmerman HJ, Hood M, Roberts-Johnson J, Hammond W, Rees JR, Pawlish KS, Stroup A, Key C, Wiggins C, Kahn AR, Schymura MJ, Radhakrishnan S, Rao C, Giljahn LK, Slocumb RM, Dabbs C, Espinoza RE, Aird KG, Beran T, Rubertone JJ, Slack SJ, Oh J, Janes TA, Schwartz SM, Chiodini SC, Hurley DM, Whiteside MA, Rai S, Williams MA, Herget K, Sweeney C, Kachajian J, Keitheri Cheteri MB, Migliore Santiago P, Blankenship SE, Conaway JL, Borchers R, Malicki R, Espinoza J, Grandpre J, Weir HK, Wilson R, Edwards BK, Mariotto A, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Wang N, Yang L, Chen JS, Zhou Y, He YT, Song GH, Gu XP, Mei D, Mu HJ, Ge HM, Wu TH, Li YY, Zhao DL, Jin F, Zhang JH, Zhu FD, Junhua Q, Yang YL, Jiang CX, Biao W, Wang J, Li QL, Yi H, Zhou X, Dong J, Li W, Fu FX, Liu SZ, Chen JG, Zhu J, Li YH, Lu YQ, Fan M, Huang SQ, Guo GP, Zhaolai H, Wei K, Chen WQ, Wei W, Zeng H, Demetriou AV, Mang WK, Ngan KC, Kataki AC, Krishnatreya M, Jayalekshmi PA, Sebastian P, George PS, Mathew A, Nandakumar A, Malekzadeh R, Roshandel G, Keinan-Boker L, Silverman BG, Ito H, Koyanagi Y, Sato M, Tobori F, Nakata I, Teramoto N, Hattori M, Kaizaki Y, Moki F, Sugiyama H, Utada M, Nishimura M, Yoshida K, Kurosawa K, Nemoto Y, Narimatsu H, Sakaguchi M, Kanemura S, Naito M, Narisawa R, Miyashiro I, Nakata K, Mori D, Yoshitake M, Oki I, Fukushima N, Shibata A, Iwasa K, Ono C, Matsuda T, Nimri O, Jung KW, Won YJ, Alawadhi E, Elbasmi A, Ab Manan A, Adam F, Nansalmaa E, Tudev U, Ochir C, Al Khater AM, El Mistiri MM, Lim GH, Teo YY, Chiang CJ, Lee WC, Buasom R, Sangrajrang S, Suwanrungruang K, Vatanasapt P, Daoprasert K, Pongnikorn D, Leklob A, Sangkitipaiboon S, Geater SL, Sriplung H, Ceylan O, Kög I, Dirican O, Köse T, Gurbuz T, Karaşahin FE, Turhan D, Aktaş U, Halat Y, Eser S, Yakut CI, Altinisik M, Cavusoglu Y, Türkköylü A, Üçüncü N, Hackl M, Zborovskaya AA, Aleinikova OV, Henau K, Van Eycken L, Atanasov TY, Valerianova Z, Šekerija M, Dušek L, Zvolský M, Steinrud Mørch L, Storm H, Wessel Skovlund C, Innos K, Mägi M, Malila N, Seppä K, Jégu J, Velten M, Cornet E, Troussard X, Bouvier AM, Guizard AV, Bouvier V, Launoy G, Dabakuyo Yonli S, Poillot ML, Maynadié M, Mounier M, Vaconnet L, Woronoff AS, Daoulas M, Robaszkiewicz M, Clavel J, Poulalhon C, Desandes E, Lacour B, Baldi I, Amadeo B, Coureau G, Monnereau A, Orazio S, Audoin M, D’Almeida TC, Boyer S, Hammas K, Trétarre B, Colonna M, Delafosse P, Plouvier S, Cowppli-Bony A, Molinié F, Bara S, Ganry O, Lapôtre-Ledoux B, Daubisse-Marliac L, Bossard N, Uhry Z, Estève J, Stabenow R, Wilsdorf-Köhler H, Eberle A, Luttmann S, Löhden I, Nennecke AL, Kieschke J, Sirri E, Justenhoven C, Reinwald F, Holleczek B, Eisemann N, Katalinic A, Asquez RA, Kumar V, Petridou E, Ólafsdóttir EJ, Tryggvadóttir L, Murray DE, Walsh PM, Sundseth H, Harney M, Mazzoleni G, Vittadello F, Coviello E, Cuccaro F, Galasso R, Sampietro G, Giacomin A, Magoni M, Ardizzone A, D’Argenzio A, Di Prima AA, Ippolito A, Lavecchia AM, Sutera Sardo A, Gola G, Ballotari P, Giacomazzi E, Ferretti S, Dal Maso L, Serraino D, Celesia MV, Filiberti RA, Pannozzo F, Melcarne A, Quarta F, Andreano A, Russo AG, Carrozzi G, Cirilli C, Cavalieri d’Oro L, Rognoni M, Fusco M, Vitale MF, Usala M, Cusimano R, Mazzucco W, Michiara M, Sgargi P, Boschetti L, Marguati S, Chiaranda G, Seghini P, Maule MM, Merletti F, Spata E, Tumino R, Mancuso P, Cassetti T, Sassatelli R, Falcini F, Giorgetti S, Caiazzo AL, Cavallo R, Piras D, Bella F, Madeddu A, Fanetti AC, Maspero S, Carone S, Mincuzzi A, Candela G, Scuderi T, Gentilini MA, Rizzello R, Rosso S, Caldarella A, Intrieri T, Bianconi F, Contiero P, Tagliabue G, Rugge M, Zorzi M, Beggiato S, Brustolin A, Gatta G, De Angelis R, Vicentini M, Zanetti R, Stracci F, Maurina A, Oniščuka M, Mousavi M, Steponaviciene L, Vincerževskienė I, Azzopardi MJ, Calleja N, Siesling S, Visser O, Johannesen TB, Larønningen S, Trojanowski M, Macek P, Mierzwa T, Rachtan J, Rosińska A, Kępska K, Kościańska B, Barna K, Sulkowska U, Gebauer T, Łapińska JB, Wójcik-Tomaszewska J, Motnyk M, Patro A, Gos A, Sikorska K, Bielska-Lasota M, Didkowska JA, Wojciechowska U, Forjaz de Lacerda G, Rego RA, Carrito B, Pais A, Bento MJ, Rodrigues J, Lourenço A, Mayer-da-Silva A, Coza D, Todescu AI, Valkov MY, Gusenkova L, Lazarevich O, Prudnikova O, Vjushkov DM, Egorova A, Orlov A, Pikalova LV, Zhuikova LD, Adamcik J, Safaei Diba C, Zadnik V, Žagar T, De-La-Cruz M, Lopez-de-Munain A, Aleman A, Rojas D, Chillarón RJ, Navarro AIM, Marcos-Gragera R, Puigdemont M, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Sánchez Perez MJ, Franch Sureda P, Ramos Montserrat M, Chirlaque López MD, Sánchez Gil A, Ardanaz E, Guevara M, Cañete-Nieto A, Peris-Bonet R, Carulla M, Galceran J, Almela F, Sabater C, Khan S, Pettersson D, Dickman P, Staehelin K, Struchen B, Egger Hayoz C, Rapiti E, Schaffar R, Went P, Mousavi SM, Bulliard JL, Maspoli-Conconi M, Kuehni CE, Redmond SM, Bordoni A, Ortelli L, Chiolero A, Konzelmann I, Rohrmann S, Wanner M, Broggio J, Rashbass J, Stiller C, Fitzpatrick D, Gavin A, Morrison DS, Thomson CS, Greene G, Huws DW, Grayson M, Rawcliffe H, Allemani C, Coleman MP, Di Carlo V, Girardi F, Matz M, Minicozzi P, Sanz N, Ssenyonga N, James D, Stephens R, Chalker E, Smith M, Gugusheff J, You H, Qin Li S, Dugdale S, Moore J, Philpot S, Pfeiffer R, Thomas H, Silva Ragaini B, Venn AJ, Evans SM, Te Marvelde L, Savietto V, Trevithick R, Aitken J, Currow D, Fowler C, Lewis C. Global survival trends for brain tumors, by histology: analysis of individual records for 556,237 adults diagnosed in 59 countries during 2000-2014 (CONCORD-3). Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:580-592. [PMID: 36355361 PMCID: PMC10013649 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of a health system in managing cancer. We set out to provide a comprehensive examination of worldwide variation and trends in survival from brain tumors in adults, by histology. METHODS We analyzed individual data for adults (15-99 years) diagnosed with a brain tumor (ICD-O-3 topography code C71) during 2000-2014, regardless of tumor behavior. Data underwent a 3-phase quality control as part of CONCORD-3. We estimated net survival for 11 histology groups, using the unbiased nonparametric Pohar Perme estimator. RESULTS The study included 556,237 adults. In 2010-2014, the global range in age-standardized 5-year net survival for the most common sub-types was broad: in the range 20%-38% for diffuse and anaplastic astrocytoma, from 4% to 17% for glioblastoma, and between 32% and 69% for oligodendroglioma. For patients with glioblastoma, the largest gains in survival occurred between 2000-2004 and 2005-2009. These improvements were more noticeable among adults diagnosed aged 40-70 years than among younger adults. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the largest account to date of global trends in population-based survival for brain tumors by histology in adults. We have highlighted remarkable gains in 5-year survival from glioblastoma since 2005, providing large-scale empirical evidence on the uptake of chemoradiation at population level. Worldwide, survival improvements have been extensive, but some countries still lag behind. Our findings may help clinicians involved in national and international tumor pathway boards to promote initiatives aimed at more extensive implementation of clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Girardi
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Melissa Matz
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Charles Stiller
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Hui You
- Cancer Information Analysis Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rafael Marcos Gragera
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Mikhail Y Valkov
- Department of Radiology, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Jean-Luc Bulliard
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Neuchâtel and Jura Tumour Registry, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, and Research Office, Clinical Institutes and Quality Programs, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Morrison
- Scottish Cancer Registry, Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miriam Wanner
- Cancer Registry Zürich, Zug, Schaffhausen and Schwyz, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David K O'Brian
- Alaska Cancer Registry, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Department of Medicine and Community Health and Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michel P Coleman
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claudia Allemani
- Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Maheu C, Lebel S, Bernstein LJ, Courbasson C, Singh M, Ferguson SE, Harris C, Jolicoeur L, Baku L, Muraca L, Ramanakumar AV, Lamonde F, Lefebvre M, Tomei C, Mutsaers B, Secord S, Power J, Drummond N, Hébert M, Wani RJ. Fear of cancer recurrence therapy (FORT): A randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol 2023; 42:182-194. [PMID: 36862474 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) interventions have small effects, and few target FCR. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) with breast and gynecological cancer survivors evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive-existential fear of recurrence therapy (FORT) compared to an attention placebo control group (living well with cancer [LWWC]) on FCR. METHOD One hundred and sixty-four women with clinical levels of FCR and cancer distress were randomly assigned to 6-weekly, 120 min FORT (n = 80) or LWWC (n = 84) group sessions. They completed questionnaires at baseline (T1), posttreatment (T2; primary endpoint), 3 (T3), and 6 months (T4) posttreatment. Generalized linear models were used to compare group differences in the fear of cancer recurrence inventory (FCRI) total score and secondary outcomes. RESULTS FORT participants experienced greater reductions from T1 to T2 on FCRI total with a between-group difference of -9.48 points (p = .0393), resulting in a medium effect of -0.530, with a maintained effect at T3 (p = .0330) but not at T4. For the secondary outcomes, improvements were in favor of FORT, including FCRI triggers (p = .0208), FCRI coping (p = .0351), cognitive avoidance (p = .0155), need for reassurance from physicians (p = .0117), and quality of life (mental health; p = .0147). CONCLUSIONS This RCT demonstrated that FORT, compared to an attention placebo control group, resulted in a greater reduction in FCR posttreatment and at 3 months posttreatment in women with breast and gynecological cancer, indicating its potential as a new treatment strategy. We recommend a booster session to sustain gains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lori J Bernstein
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | | | | | - Sarah E Ferguson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
| | | | | | | | - Linda Muraca
- Auxiliary Breast Health Program, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Mount Sinai Hospital
| | | | - Frederic Lamonde
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University Health Center
| | | | | | | | - Scott Secord
- Ontario Association of Social Worker and Social Service Work and Second Consulting Services Toronto
| | - Joanne Power
- Department of Nursing, McGill University Health Centre
| | | | - Maude Hébert
- Nursing Department, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
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Ramanakumar AV, Annie B, Frederic L, Christine B, Cathy R, Jean L. Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on cancer declarations in Quebec, Canada. Cancer Med 2023; 12:6260-6269. [PMID: 36385491 PMCID: PMC10028061 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 affected healthcare worldwide, limited access to healthcare, and delayed cancer screening and diagnosis. In this study, the effect of the first year of COVID-19 was determined on cancer diagnoses in the province of Quebec, Canada. METHODS Data were collected from the 13 Quebec Cancer Registry health institutions. Newly diagnosed cancer declarations in the first year of the COVID-19 (April 2020-March 2021) were compared with the reference periods (averages of 3 previous years). The main focus was on four leading cancers: lung, prostate, colorectal, and breast cancers. Generalized regression models with a poisson approximation and interrupted time series (ITS) analysis were used. Underestimated cases were presented in terms of relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The changes in the stage-specific counts were also assessed in each of the four cancers. Results were illustrated separately for the first 4 months of the pandemic (first wave). FINDINGS This study estimated an overall under-reporting of 15.3% (29,019 vs. 24,584) of declarations. This under-reporting was evident across all age groups above 35 years (p < 0.0001), four primary cancers (p < 0.0001), all stages of cancers (p < 0.0001), and both sexes (p < 0.0001). Based on the relative risks, stage-specific lung cancer counts were underestimated by 5%-34% in the first wave (0%-11% in the first year), prostate cancer by 16%-46% in the first wave (0%-25% in the first year), colorectal cancer 15%-45% in the first wave (0%-24% in the first year), and breast cancer 3%-45% in the first wave and (0%-28% in the first year). However, no stage-IV cancers were statically under-reported compared to the pre-pandemic era and not even in the first wave. INTERPRETATION Cancer diagnosis was underestimated due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the first year; this effect was more evident in the first phase of the pandemic in Quebec. Further research is required to determine the accurate burden of the disease in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Québec Tumor Registry, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lamonde Frederic
- Québec Tumor Registry, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Research Institute-McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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10
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Arnold M, Morgan E, Bardot A, Rutherford MJ, Ferlay J, Little A, Møller B, Bucher O, De P, Woods RR, Saint-Jacques N, Gavin AT, Engholm G, Achiam MP, Porter G, Walsh PM, Vernon S, Kozie S, Ramanakumar AV, Lynch C, Harrison S, Merrett N, O'Connell DL, Mala T, Elwood M, Zalcberg J, Huws DW, Ransom D, Bray F, Soerjomataram I. International variation in oesophageal and gastric cancer survival 2012-2014: differences by histological subtype and stage at diagnosis (an ICBP SURVMARK-2 population-based study). Gut 2022; 71:1532-1543. [PMID: 34824149 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide the first international comparison of oesophageal and gastric cancer survival by stage at diagnosis and histological subtype across high-income countries with similar access to healthcare. METHODS As part of the ICBP SURVMARK-2 project, data from 28 923 patients with oesophageal cancer and 25 946 patients with gastric cancer diagnosed during 2012-2014 from 14 cancer registries in seven countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the UK) were included. 1-year and 3-year age-standardised net survival were estimated by stage at diagnosis, histological subtype (oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)) and country. RESULTS Oesophageal cancer survival was highest in Ireland and lowest in Canada at 1 (50.3% vs 41.3%, respectively) and 3 years (27.0% vs 19.2%) postdiagnosis. Survival from gastric cancer was highest in Australia and lowest in the UK, for both 1-year (55.2% vs 44.8%, respectively) and 3-year survival (33.7% vs 22.3%). Most patients with oesophageal and gastric cancer had regional or distant disease, with proportions ranging between 56% and 90% across countries. Stage-specific analyses showed that variation between countries was greatest for localised disease, where survival ranged between 66.6% in Australia and 83.2% in the UK for oesophageal cancer and between 75.5% in Australia and 94.3% in New Zealand for gastric cancer at 1-year postdiagnosis. While survival for OAC was generally higher than that for OSCC, disparities across countries were similar for both histological subtypes. CONCLUSION Survival from oesophageal and gastric cancer varies across high-income countries including within stage groups, particularly for localised disease. Disparities can partly be explained by earlier diagnosis resulting in more favourable stage distributions, and distributions of histological subtypes of oesophageal cancer across countries. Yet, differences in treatment, and also in cancer registration practice and the use of different staging methods and systems, across countries may have impacted the comparisons. While primary prevention remains key, advancements in early detection research are promising and will likely allow for additional risk stratification and survival improvements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Arnold
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eileen Morgan
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Aude Bardot
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alana Little
- Cancer Institute New South Wales, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Registry & Analytics, Nova Scotia Health Authority Cancer Care Program, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anna T Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gerda Engholm
- Cancer Prevention & Documentation, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael P Achiam
- Danish EsophagoGastric Cancer group, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geoff Porter
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Serena Kozie
- Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Charlotte Lynch
- International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP), Policy & Information, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Samantha Harrison
- International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP), Policy & Information, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Neil Merrett
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital and School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne L O'Connell
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tom Mala
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark Elwood
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Zalcberg
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dyfed W Huws
- Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
- Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - David Ransom
- WA Cancer and Palliative Care Network Policy Unit, Health Networks Branch, Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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11
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Fiore JF, El-Kefraoui C, Chay MA, Nguyen-Powanda P, Do U, Olleik G, Rajabiyazdi F, Kouyoumdjian A, Derksen A, Landry T, Amar-Zifkin A, Bergeron A, Ramanakumar AV, Martel M, Lee L, Baldini G, Feldman LS. Opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after surgical discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2022; 399:2280-2293. [PMID: 35717988 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive opioid prescribing after surgery has contributed to the current opioid crisis; however, the value of prescribing opioids at surgical discharge remains uncertain. We aimed to estimate the extent to which opioid prescribing after discharge affects self-reported pain intensity and adverse events in comparison with an opioid-free analgesic regimen. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, AMED, Biosis, and CINAHL from Jan 1, 1990, until July 8, 2021. We included multidose randomised controlled trials comparing opioid versus opioid-free analgesia in patients aged 15 years or older, discharged after undergoing a surgical procedure according to the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity definition (minor, moderate, major, and major complex). We screened articles, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias (Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials) in duplicate. The primary outcomes of interest were self-reported pain intensity on day 1 after discharge (standardised to 0-10 cm visual analogue scale) and vomiting up to 30 days. Pain intensity at further timepoints, pain interference, other adverse events, risk of dissatisfaction, and health-care reutilisation were also assessed. We did random-effects meta-analyses and appraised evidence certainty using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations scoring system. The review was registered with PROSPERO (ID CRD42020153050). FINDINGS 47 trials (n=6607 patients) were included. 30 (64%) trials involved elective minor procedures (63% dental procedures) and 17 (36%) trials involved procedures of moderate extent (47% orthopaedic and 29% general surgery procedures). Compared with opioid-free analgesia, opioid prescribing did not reduce pain on the first day after discharge (weighted mean difference 0·01cm, 95% CI -0·26 to 0·27; moderate certainty) or at other postoperative timepoints (moderate-to-very-low certainty). Opioid prescribing was associated with increased risk of vomiting (relative risk 4·50, 95% CI 1·93 to 10·51; high certainty) and other adverse events, including nausea, constipation, dizziness, and drowsiness (high-to-moderate certainty). Opioids did not affect other outcomes. INTERPRETATION Findings from this meta-analysis support that opioid prescribing at surgical discharge does not reduce pain intensity but does increase adverse events. Evidence relied on trials focused on elective surgeries of minor and moderate extent, suggesting that clinicians can consider prescribing opioid-free analgesia in these surgical settings. Data were largely derived from low-quality trials, and none involved patients having major or major-complex procedures. Given these limitations, there is a great need to advance the quality and scope of research in this field. FUNDING The Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio F Fiore
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Charbel El-Kefraoui
- Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Philip Nguyen-Powanda
- Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Uyen Do
- Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ghadeer Olleik
- Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fateme Rajabiyazdi
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, ON, Canada
| | - Araz Kouyoumdjian
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexa Derksen
- Patient Representative, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tara Landry
- Medical Libraries, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Bibliothèque de la Santé, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Amy Bergeron
- Medical Libraries, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Martel
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence Lee
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriele Baldini
- Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Liane S Feldman
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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12
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Jalbert AC, Siafa L, Ramanakumar AV, Assayag D. Gender and racial equity in clinical research for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:13993003.02969-2021. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02969-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Trevisan A, Wissing MD, Dagenais C, Forest P, Ramanakumar AV, Burchell AN, Franco EL, Coutlée F, Couillard M. Development and evaluation of a new non-competitive Luminex immunoassay detecting antibodies against human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16 and 18. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34043499 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum antibody levels can be used to measure the humoral immune response against human papillomaviruses (HPV). We developed and validated a rapid, technically simple and relatively inexpensive multiplex non-competitive Luminex-based immunoassay (ncLIA) to measure total IgG antibody levels against four HPV types. For the assay's solid phase, virus-like particles (VLPs) of HPV6, 11, 16 and 18 were bound to heparin-coated beads. HPV serum antibody levels binding to the VLPs were quantified using a phycoerithrin-conjugated secondary polyclonal donkey anti-human IgG antibody. Standardization and validation of the ncLIA were performed using 96 paired serum and genital samples from participants in the HITCH cohort study, including young women (aged 18-24 years) and their male sexual partners (aged 18+) in Montreal, Canada. Results from the ncLIA were compared to a validated Luminex immunoassay from PPD laboratories using Pearson's correlation coefficients, receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression. Our assay had good inter- and intra-assay variability. The correlation of serum antibody levels between the ncLIA and validation assay was highest for HPV16 and HPV11 (r=0.90), followed by HPV6 (r=0.86) and HPV18 (r=0.67). The ncLIA was better able to predict HPV DNA positivity in genital samples than the validation assay for HPV16 [area under the curve (AUC) 0.65 versus 0.52, P=0.001] and HPV18 [AUC 0.71 versus 0.57, P=0.024]. AUCs for HPV6 and HPV11 were similar between the two assays (0.70 versus 0.71, P=0.59, and 0.88 versus 0.96, P=0.08, respectively). The developed ncLIA is useful for measuring total IgG antibody response following natural infection or vaccination against four HPV VLPs included in the quadrivalent vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Trevisan
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique Québec, 20045 Sainte-Marie Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel D Wissing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, 5100 Boulevard de Maisonneuve West, Suite 720, Quebec H4A 3T2, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carole Dagenais
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique Québec, 20045 Sainte-Marie Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Forest
- Laboratoire de virologie moléculaire, centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, 5100 Boulevard de Maisonneuve West, Suite 720, Quebec H4A 3T2, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ann N Burchell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto M5B 1T8, Ontario
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, 5100 Boulevard de Maisonneuve West, Suite 720, Quebec H4A 3T2, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Laboratoire de virologie moléculaire, centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Michel Couillard
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique Québec, 20045 Sainte-Marie Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Andersson TML, Myklebust TÅ, Rutherford MJ, Møller B, Soerjomataram I, Arnold M, Bray F, Parkin DM, Sasieni P, Bucher O, De P, Engholm G, Gavin A, Little A, Porter G, Ramanakumar AV, Saint-Jacques N, Walsh PM, Woods RR, Lambert PC. The impact of excluding or including Death Certificate Initiated (DCI) cases on estimated cancer survival: A simulation study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 71:101881. [PMID: 33440295 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based cancer registries strive to cover all cancer cases diagnosed within the population, but some cases will always be missed and no register is 100 % complete. Many cancer registries use death certificates to identify additional cases not captured through other routine sources, to hopefully add a large proportion of the missed cases. Cases notified through this route, who would not have been captured without death certificate information, are referred to as Death Certificate Initiated (DCI) cases. Inclusion of DCI cases in cancer registries increases completeness and is important for estimating cancer incidence. However, inclusion of DCI cases will generally lead to biased estimates of cancer survival, but the same is often also true if excluding DCI cases. Missed cases are probably not a random sample of all cancer cases, but rather cases with poor prognosis. Further, DCI cases have poorer prognosis than missed cases in general, since they have all died with cancer mentioned on the death certificates. METHODS We performed a simulation study to estimate the impact of including or excluding DCI cases on cancer survival estimates, under different scenarios. RESULTS We demonstrated that including DCI cases underestimates survival. The exclusion of DCI cases gives unbiased survival estimates if missed cases are a random sample of all cancer cases, while survival is overestimated if these have poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION In our most extreme scenarios, with 25 % of cases initially missed, the usual practice of including DCI cases underestimated 5-year survival by at most 3 percentage points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese M-L Andersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Bjørn Møller
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - D Max Parkin
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sasieni
- King's College London, Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Bucher
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Prithwish De
- Analytics and Informatics, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerda Engholm
- Surveillance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Alana Little
- Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff Porter
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program, Registry & Analytics, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Ryan R Woods
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul C Lambert
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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15
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MacIsaac S, Ramanakumar AV, Saw C, Naessens V, Saberi N, Cantarovich M, Baran D, Paraskevas S, Tchervenkov J, Chaudhury P, Sandal S. Relative decrease in hemoglobin and outcomes in patients undergoing kidney transplantation surgery: A retrospective cohort study. Am J Surg 2021; 222:825-831. [PMID: 33707078 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent surgical literature suggests that a relative decrease in hemoglobin (ΔHb) is predictive of adverse outcomes regardless of the absolute level. We aimed to examine the association between perioperative ΔHb and kidney transplantation (KT) outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of transplant recipients, where ΔHb = [Hb0- Hb1Hb0]x 100 (Hb0 = hemoglobin pre-KT and Hb1 = lowest hemoglobin 24-h post-KT). The main outcome of interest was immediate graft function (IGF). RESULTS Of the 899 eligible patients, 38% experienced IGF, and ΔHb was associated with 36% lower odds of IGF. Also, ΔHb was associated with higher all-cause graft failure and longer length of stay but not death-censored graft failure or mortality. ΔHb ≥30% was the threshold beyond which the odds of IGF were significantly lower even if Hb1 was ≥7 g/dL. CONCLUSION ΔHb is associated with inferior outcomes independent of Hb1; whether it can be used to guide transfusion practices should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah MacIsaac
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | - Chee Saw
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Veronique Naessens
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Nasim Saberi
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Marcelo Cantarovich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Dana Baran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jean Tchervenkov
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Prosanto Chaudhury
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Shaifali Sandal
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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Andersson TML, Rutherford MJ, Myklebust TÅ, Møller B, Soerjomataram I, Arnold M, Bray F, Parkin DM, Sasieni P, Bucher O, De P, Engholm G, Gavin A, Little A, Porter G, Ramanakumar AV, Saint-Jacques N, Walsh PM, Woods RR, Lambert PC. Exploring the impact of cancer registry completeness on international cancer survival differences: a simulation study. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1026-1032. [PMID: 33293692 PMCID: PMC7921088 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from population-based cancer registries are often used to compare cancer survival between countries or regions. The ICBP SURVMARK-2 study is an international partnership aiming to quantify and explore the reasons behind survival differences across high-income countries. However, the magnitude and relevance of differences in cancer survival between countries have been questioned, as it is argued that observed survival variations may be explained, at least in part, by differences in cancer registration practice, completeness and the availability and quality of the respective data sources. METHODS As part of the ICBP SURVMARK-2 study, we used a simulation approach to better understand how differences in completeness, the characteristics of those missed and inclusion of cases found from death certificates can impact on cancer survival estimates. RESULTS Bias in 1- and 5-year net survival estimates for 216 simulated scenarios is presented. Out of the investigated factors, the proportion of cases not registered through sources other than death certificates, had the largest impact on survival estimates. CONCLUSION Our results show that the differences in registration practice between participating countries could in our most extreme scenarios explain only a part of the largest observed differences in cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese M-L Andersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Bjørn Møller
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - D Max Parkin
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Sasieni
- King's College London, Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - Oliver Bucher
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Prithwish De
- Analytics and Informatics, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gerda Engholm
- Surveillance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alana Little
- Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff Porter
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Nova Scotia Health Authority Cancer Care Program, Registry & Analytics, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul M Walsh
- National Cancer Registry, Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ryan R Woods
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul C Lambert
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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17
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Shengir M, Chen T, Guadagno E, Ramanakumar AV, Ghali P, Deschenes M, Wong P, Krishnamurthy S, Sebastiani G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in premenopausal women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JGH Open 2021; 5:434-445. [PMID: 33860093 PMCID: PMC8035436 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are prevalent conditions sharing common pathogenic factors. We performed a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis aiming to investigate the association between NAFLD and PCOS among premenopausal PCOS patients. Methods Relevant studies were systematically identified from scientific databases until 2019. We calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) using a random‐effect model, and heterogeneity was addressed through I2. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression for various covariates were performed. Results Of the 1833 studies retrieved, 23 studies with 7148 participants qualified for quantitative synthesis. The pooled result showed that women with PCOS had a 2.5‐fold increase in the risk of NAFLD compared to controls (pooled OR 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.20–2.82). In subgroup analyses comparing PCOS to controls, South American/Middle East PCOS patients had a greater risk of NAFLD (OR 3.55, 95% CI 2.27–5.55) compared to their counterpart from Europe (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.85–2.67) and Asia (OR 2.63, 95% CI 2.20–3.15). Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome were more frequent in the PCOS group (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.44–2.71 and OR 3.39, 95% CI 2.42–4.76, respectively). Study quality and body mass index (BMI) were the only covariates that showed a relationship with the outcome in the meta‐regression, with a regression coefficient of −2.219 (95% CI −3.927 to −0.511) and −1.929 (95% CI −3.776 to −0.0826), respectively. Conclusions This meta‐analysis indicates that premenopausal PCOS patients are associated with 2.5‐fold increase in the risk of NAFLD, and BMI seems to be the main cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shengir
- Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Tianyan Chen
- Department of Medicine McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Elena Guadagno
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Peter Ghali
- Department of Medicine University of Florida Jacksonville Florida USA
| | - Marc Deschenes
- Department of Medicine McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Philip Wong
- Department of Medicine McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Giada Sebastiani
- Department of Medicine McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada
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18
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Gilbert L, Ramanakumar AV, Festa MC, Jardon K, Zeng X, Martins C, Shbat L, Alsoud MA, Borod M, Wolfson M, Papaioannou I, Basso O, Sampalis J. Real-world direct healthcare costs of treating recurrent high-grade serous ovarian cancer with cytotoxic chemotherapy. J Comp Eff Res 2020; 9:537-551. [PMID: 32223298 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To describe the direct healthcare costs associated with repeated cytotoxic chemotherapy treatments for recurrent high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) of the ovaries. Patients & methods: Retrospective review of 66 women with recurrent stage III/IV HGSC ovarian cancer treated with repeated lines of cytotoxic chemotherapy in a Canadian University Tertiary Center. Results: Mean cost of treatment of first relapse was CAD$52,227 increasing by 38% for two, and 86% for three or more relapses with median overall survival of 36.0, 50.7 and 42.8 months, respectively. In-hospital care accounted for 71% and chemotherapy drugs accounted for 17% of the total costs. Conclusion: After the third relapse of HGSC, cytotoxic chemotherapy did not prolong survival but was associated with substantially increased healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gilbert
- McGill University Health Center, Gynecologic Cancer Services, Cancer Care Mission, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3 J1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Research Institute of The McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Maria Carolina Festa
- McGill University Health Center, Gynecologic Cancer Services, Cancer Care Mission, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3 J1, Canada
| | - Kris Jardon
- McGill University Health Center, Gynecologic Cancer Services, Cancer Care Mission, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3 J1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Xing Zeng
- McGill University Health Center, Gynecologic Cancer Services, Cancer Care Mission, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3 J1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Claudia Martins
- McGill University Health Center, Gynecologic Cancer Services, Cancer Care Mission, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3 J1, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Layla Shbat
- McGill University Health Center, Gynecologic Cancer Services, Cancer Care Mission, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3 J1, Canada
| | - Marwa Abo Alsoud
- McGill University Health Center, Gynecologic Cancer Services, Cancer Care Mission, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3 J1, Canada
| | - Manuel Borod
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, 5100 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Montreal, QC, H4A 3T2, Canada.,McGill University Health Center, Supportive & Palliative Care Services, Cancer Care Mission, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3 J1, Canada
| | - Michael Wolfson
- University of Ottawa, Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, Canada, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Ioanna Papaioannou
- JSS Medical Research, 9400 Henri-Bourassa West, Montreal, QC, H4S 1N8, Canada
| | - Olga Basso
- Research Institute of The McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, & Occupational Health, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - John Sampalis
- JSS Medical Research, 9400 Henri-Bourassa West, Montreal, QC, H4S 1N8, Canada.,McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
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19
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Sadeghi N, Mascarella MA, Khalife S, Ramanakumar AV, Richardson K, Joshi AS, Taheri R, Fuson A, Bouganim N, Siegel R. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery for
HPV
‐associated locoregionally advanced oropharynx cancer. Head Neck 2020; 42:2145-2154. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.26147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Sadeghi
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryMcGill University Health Center, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
- Research Institute of McGill University Health CenterMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Marco A. Mascarella
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryMcGill University Health Center, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational HealthMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Sarah Khalife
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryMcGill University Health Center, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Agnihotram V. Ramanakumar
- Research Institute of McGill University Health CenterMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational HealthMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Keith Richardson
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryMcGill University Health Center, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Arjun S. Joshi
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Reza Taheri
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Andrew Fuson
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Nathaniel Bouganim
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Health CenterMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Robert Siegel
- Department of Hematology and OncologyGeorge Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
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20
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El-Kefraoui C, Olleik G, Chay MA, Kouyoumdjian A, Nguyen-Powanda P, Rajabiyazdi F, Do U, Derksen A, Landry T, Amar-Zifkin A, Ramanakumar AV, Martel MO, Baldini G, Feldman L, Fiore JF. Opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after surgical discharge: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035443. [PMID: 32014880 PMCID: PMC7045253 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive prescribing after surgery has contributed to a public health crisis of opioid addiction and overdose in North America. However, the value of prescribing opioids to manage postoperative pain after surgical discharge remains unclear. We propose a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the extent to which opioid analgesia impact postoperative pain intensity and adverse events in comparison to opioid-free analgesia in patients discharged after surgery. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Major electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, AMED, BIOSIS, CINAHL and PsycINFO) will be searched for multi-dose randomised-trials examining the comparative effectiveness of opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after surgical discharge. Studies published from January 1990 to July 2019 will be targeted, with no language restrictions. The search will be re-run before manuscript submission to include most recent literature. We will consider studies involving patients undergoing minor and major surgery. Teams of reviewers will, independently and in duplicate, assess eligibility, extract data and evaluate risk of bias. Our main outcomes of interest are pain intensity and postoperative vomiting. Study results will be pooled using random effects models. When trials report outcomes for a common domain (eg, pain intensity) using different scales, we will convert effect sizes to a common standard metric (eg, Visual Analogue Scale). Minimally important clinical differences reported in previous literature will be considered when interpreting results. Subgroup analyses defined a priori will be conducted to explore heterogeneity. Risk of bias will be assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. The quality of evidence for all outcomes will be evaluated using the GRADE rating system. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required since this is a systematic review of published studies. Our results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. Further knowledge dissemination will be sought via public and patient organisations focussed on pain and opioid-related harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel El-Kefraoui
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ghadeer Olleik
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-Aurele Chay
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Araz Kouyoumdjian
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fateme Rajabiyazdi
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Uyen Do
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexa Derksen
- Child Health and Human Development Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tara Landry
- Bibliothèque de la Santé, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gabriele Baldini
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liane Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julio F Fiore
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Colmegna I, Useche ML, Rodriguez K, McCormack D, Alfonso G, Patel A, Ramanakumar AV, Rahme E, Bernatsky S, Hudson M, Ward BJ. Immunogenicity and safety of high-dose versus standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomised, double-blind, active-comparator trial. Lancet Rheumatol 2020; 2:e14-e23. [PMID: 38258270 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(19)30094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have increased risk of seasonal influenza and influenza-related complications but have reduced vaccine immunogenicity. It is unknown whether patients with rheumatoid arthritis would benefit from more immunogenic vaccine formulations. This study investigated the immunogenicity and safety of a high-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-TIV) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to a standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (SD-QIV). METHODS This study was a treatment-stratified, randomised, double-blind trial to compare the immunogenicity and safety of SD-QIV (15 μg of haemagglutinin [HA] per strain) versus HD-TIV (60 μg of HA per strain) in adults with rheumatoid arthritis who are positive for rheumatoid factor or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, or both, recruited during the 2016-17 and 2017-18 influenza seasons at three hospitals affiliated with McGill University (Montreal, QC, Canada). Participants had received treatment for rheumatoid arthritis with conventional or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biological DMARDs, or combinations of them, were still on treatment at the time of enrolment, and their treatment had not been modified during the 3 months before enrolment. They were stratified into one of three groups according to treatment. Patients who, at enrolment, were taking conventional or targeted synthetic DMARDs (methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine) as monotherapy or in combination were stratified to group 1; those who were taking a biological DMARD (anti-tumour necrosis factor or anti-interleukin 6), with or without methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, or sulfasalazine (or a combination thereof) were stratified to group 2; and those who were taking abatacept, tofacitinib, or rituximab, with or without methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, or sulfasalazine (or a combination thereof) were stratified to group 3. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive the SD-QIV or HD-TIV vaccine. Randomisation was based on a computer-generated allocation sequence, and participants, investigators, and research nurses responsible for safety assessments were masked to vaccine assignment. The primary outcome was the seroconversion rate (as measured by haemagglutination-inhibition assay) per strain at day 28. Analysis was done in the modified intention-to-treat population, which included all randomly assigned participants for whom seroconversion status was available. Safety was assessed throughout the surveillance period (day 0-186). This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02936180. FINDINGS Between Oct 24, 2016, and Dec 6, 2017, 696 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were invited to participate in the study and 279 were randomly assigned and vaccinated (140 [50%] received SD-QIV and 139 [50%] HD-TIV). 136 patients who received SD-QIV and 138 who received HD-TIV were included in the modified intention-to-treat anaysis. Patients who received HD-TIV were more likely to seroconvert than those who received SD-QIV: the odds ratio was 2·99 (95% CI 1·46-6·11) for seroconversion to strain A/H3N2, 1·95 (1·19-3·22) for seroconversion to strain B/Bris, 3·21 (1·57-6·56) for seroconversion to strain A/H1N1 (in 2016-2017), and 2·44 (1·18-5·06) for seroconversion to strain A/H1N1 (in 2017-2018). Similar results were observed in patients from groups 1 and 2; the number of individuals in group 3 was insufficient to draw conclusions. Local and systemic adverse events were similar in both vaccine groups, no serious adverse events were reported between days 0 and 28 in any group, and neither vaccine increased rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, HD-TIV is safe and more immunogenic than SD-QIV. These results are the first evidence to support the use of the HD-TIV in these patients. FUNDING The Arthritis Society-Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Colmegna
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mariana L Useche
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine Rodriguez
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Deirdre McCormack
- Department of Medicine, and Vaccine Study Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giuliana Alfonso
- Department of Medicine, and Vaccine Study Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aakash Patel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elham Rahme
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Hudson
- Division of Rheumatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian J Ward
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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22
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Ghazawi FM, Ramanakumar AV, Alakel A, Lagacé F, Chen A, Le M, Nedjar H, Sasseville D, Rahme E, Litvinov IV. Incidence of acute myeloid leukemia: A regional analysis of Canada. Cancer 2019; 126:1356-1361. [PMID: 31873963 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feras M Ghazawi
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Akram Alakel
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francois Lagacé
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alex Chen
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michelle Le
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hacene Nedjar
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elham Rahme
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ivan V Litvinov
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Arnold M, Rutherford MJ, Bardot A, Ferlay J, Andersson TML, Myklebust TÅ, Tervonen H, Thursfield V, Ransom D, Shack L, Woods RR, Turner D, Leonfellner S, Ryan S, Saint-Jacques N, De P, McClure C, Ramanakumar AV, Stuart-Panko H, Engholm G, Walsh PM, Jackson C, Vernon S, Morgan E, Gavin A, Morrison DS, Huws DW, Porter G, Butler J, Bryant H, Currow DC, Hiom S, Parkin DM, Sasieni P, Lambert PC, Møller B, Soerjomataram I, Bray F. Progress in cancer survival, mortality, and incidence in seven high-income countries 1995-2014 (ICBP SURVMARK-2): a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:1493-1505. [PMID: 31521509 PMCID: PMC6838671 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based cancer survival estimates provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of cancer services and can reflect the prospects of cure. As part of the second phase of the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP), the Cancer Survival in High-Income Countries (SURVMARK-2) project aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cancer survival across seven high-income countries and a comparative assessment of corresponding incidence and mortality trends. METHODS In this longitudinal, population-based study, we collected patient-level data on 3·9 million patients with cancer from population-based cancer registries in 21 jurisdictions in seven countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK) for seven sites of cancer (oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, and ovary) diagnosed between 1995 and 2014, and followed up until Dec 31, 2015. We calculated age-standardised net survival at 1 year and 5 years after diagnosis by site, age group, and period of diagnosis. We mapped changes in incidence and mortality to changes in survival to assess progress in cancer control. FINDINGS In 19 eligible jurisdictions, 3 764 543 cases of cancer were eligible for inclusion in the study. In the 19 included jurisdictions, over 1995-2014, 1-year and 5-year net survival increased in each country across almost all cancer types, with, for example, 5-year rectal cancer survival increasing more than 13 percentage points in Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. For 2010-14, survival was generally higher in Australia, Canada, and Norway than in New Zealand, Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. Over the study period, larger survival improvements were observed for patients younger than 75 years at diagnosis than those aged 75 years and older, and notably for cancers with a poor prognosis (ie, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, and lung). Progress in cancer control (ie, increased survival, decreased mortality and incidence) over the study period was evident for stomach, colon, lung (in males), and ovarian cancer. INTERPRETATION The joint evaluation of trends in incidence, mortality, and survival indicated progress in four of the seven studied cancers. Cancer survival continues to increase across high-income countries; however, international disparities persist. While truly valid comparisons require differences in registration practice, classification, and coding to be minimal, stage of disease at diagnosis, timely access to effective treatment, and the extent of comorbidity are likely the main determinants of patient outcomes. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of these factors to further our understanding of international disparities in cancer survival. FUNDING Canadian Partnership Against Cancer; Cancer Council Victoria; Cancer Institute New South Wales; Cancer Research UK; Danish Cancer Society; National Cancer Registry Ireland; The Cancer Society of New Zealand; National Health Service England; Norwegian Cancer Society; Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, on behalf of the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry; The Scottish Government; Western Australia Department of Health; and Wales Cancer Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Arnold
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
| | - Mark J Rutherford
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France; Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aude Bardot
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Therese M-L Andersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | | | - Vicky Thursfield
- Victorian Cancer Registry, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ransom
- WA Cancer and Palliative Care Network Policy Unit, Health Networks Branch, Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Donna Turner
- Population Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Susan Ryan
- Newfoundland Cancer Registry, Cancer Care Program - Eastern Health, Dr H Bliss Murphy Cancer Centre, St John's, Newfoundland, NL, Canada
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Nova Scotia Health Authority Cancer Care Program, Registry & Analytics, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Prithwish De
- Surveillance and Cancer Registry, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol McClure
- Prince Edward Island Cancer Registry, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sally Vernon
- National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, Public Health England, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eileen Morgan
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - David S Morrison
- Scottish Cancer Registry, Information Services Division, National Health Services Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dyfed W Huws
- Welsh Cancer Intelligence and Surveillance Unit, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Geoff Porter
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Heather Bryant
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - D Max Parkin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Sasieni
- King's College London, Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK
| | - Paul C Lambert
- Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bjørn Møller
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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24
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Malagón T, Louvanto K, Ramanakumar AV, Koushik A, Coutlée F, Franco EL. Viral load of human papillomavirus types 16/18/31/33/45 as a predictor of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer by age. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 155:245-253. [PMID: 31604665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed whether human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load is an independent predictor of underlying cervical disease and its diagnostic accuracy by age. METHODS The Biomarkers of Cervical Cancer Risk study was a case-control study from 2001 to 2010 in Montréal, Canada. Cases were histologically-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), or cervical cancer cases. Controls were women presenting for routine screening with normal cytology results. We quantified HPV16/18/31/33/45 viral load from exfoliated cervical cells using a real-time PCR assay. Diagnostic accuracy of viral load was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). We restricted the analysis to the 632 cases and controls who were HPV16/18/31/33/45 positive. RESULTS Geometric mean HPV16/18/31/33/45 viral load increased with severity of lesion grade, ranging from 0.7, 3.1, 4.8, 7.2, and 12.4 copies/cell in normal, CIN1, CIN2, CIN3&AIS, and cervical cancer respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of CIN1+ and CIN2+ increased respectively by 1.3 (95%CI 1.1-1.4) and 1.2 (95%CI 1.1-1.3) per log-transformed viral copy/cell increase of HPV16/18/31/33/45. This association was mainly driven by HPV16, 18, and 31 viral loads. The AUC of HPV16/18/31/33/45 viral load for discriminating between normal and CIN1+ women was 0.70 (95%CI 0.64-0.76) in HPV-positive women, and was 0.76 (95%CI 0.66-0.86) for women ≥30 years and 0.66 (95%CI 0.58-0.74) for women under 30 years. CONCLUSIONS HPV viral load has lower diagnostic accuracy than has been reported for other HPV screening triage tests. However, it may be useful for triaging HPV tests in settings without cytology results such as HPV self-sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talía Malagón
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Research Institute-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Anita Koushik
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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25
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Al-Roubaie Z, Guadagno E, Ramanakumar AV, Khan AQ, Myers KA. Clinical utility of therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs: Systematic review. Neurol Clin Pract 2019; 10:344-355. [PMID: 32983615 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To systematically review and evaluate the available evidence supporting or refuting clinical use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with epilepsy. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, Cochrane, PubMed, Africa-Wide Information, Web of Science, and grey literature. Randomized controlled studies and observational studies that compared the clinical outcomes of TDM vs non-TDM were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. The primary outcome was seizure control; adverse effects were considered as secondary outcomes. The PROSPERO ID of this systematic review's protocol is CRD42018089925. Results Sixteen studies were identified meeting eligibility requirements. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 meta-analysis, and 11 quasiexperimental (QE) studies were included in the systematic review. Results from the analysis of RCTs showed no significant positive effect of TDM on seizure outcome (only 25% positive effect of phenytoin). However, some of the QE studies found that TDM was associated with better seizure control or lower rates of adverse effects. The existing evidence from various designs has shown various methodological implications, which warrants inconclusive results and highlights the requirement of more number of studies in this line. Conclusions If optimally implemented, TDM may enhance clinical care, particularly for phenytoin and other AEDs with complex pharmacokinetics. However, the ideal method for implementation is unclear, and serum drug levels should be considered in context with patient-reported clinical data regarding seizure control and adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanab Al-Roubaie
- Department of Pharmacology (ZA-R), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (ZA-R, AVR, AQK, KAM), Montréal; Medical Library (EG), McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurosurgery (KAM), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena Guadagno
- Department of Pharmacology (ZA-R), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (ZA-R, AVR, AQK, KAM), Montréal; Medical Library (EG), McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurosurgery (KAM), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Department of Pharmacology (ZA-R), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (ZA-R, AVR, AQK, KAM), Montréal; Medical Library (EG), McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurosurgery (KAM), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Afsheen Q Khan
- Department of Pharmacology (ZA-R), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (ZA-R, AVR, AQK, KAM), Montréal; Medical Library (EG), McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurosurgery (KAM), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Department of Pharmacology (ZA-R), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (ZA-R, AVR, AQK, KAM), Montréal; Medical Library (EG), McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal; and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology & Neurosurgery (KAM), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Barrett-Bernstein M, Carli F, Gamsa A, Scheede-Bergdahl C, Minnella E, Ramanakumar AV, Tourian L. Depression and functional status in colorectal cancer patients awaiting surgery: Impact of a multimodal prehabilitation program. Health Psychol 2019; 38:900-909. [PMID: 31380686 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and poor functional status (FS) frequently co-occur. Though both predict adverse surgical outcomes, research examining preoperative functional performance (FP; self-reported) and functional capacity (FC; performance-based) measures in depressed cancer patients is lacking. Prehabilitation, a preoperative intervention including exercise, nutrition, and stress-reduction, may improve FC; however, whether depressed patients benefit from this intervention remains unknown. The primary objectives were to (a) assess differences in FP and FC and (b) explore the impact of prehabilitation on FC in individuals with depressive symptoms versus those without. METHOD A secondary analysis was conducted on 172 colorectal cancer patients enrolled in three studies comparing prehabilitation with a control group (rehabilitation). Measures were collected at 4 weeks pre- and 8 weeks postoperatively. FP, FC, and psychological symptoms were assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Six-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), respectively. Subjects were divided into three groups according to baseline psychological symptoms: no psychological-symptoms (HADS-N), anxiety-symptoms (HADS-A), or depressive-symptoms (HADS-D). Main objectives were tested using analyses of variance, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS At baseline, HADS-D reported lower FP, had shorter 6MWD, and a greater proportion walked ≤ 400 m. Prehabilitation was associated with significant improvements in 6MWD in HADS-D group but not in HADS-N or HADS-A groups. CONCLUSION Poorer FS was observed in subjects with depressive symptoms, and these subjects benefited most from prehabilitation intervention. Future research could examine whether severity of depression and co-occurrence of anxiety differentially impact FS and whether prehabilitation can improve psychological symptoms and quality of life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Awasthi R, Minnella EM, Ferreira V, Ramanakumar AV, Scheede-Bergdahl C, Carli F. Supervised exercise training with multimodal pre-habilitation leads to earlier functional recovery following colorectal cancer resection. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2019; 63:461-467. [PMID: 30411316 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training is a component of the pre-habilitation program. While in one previous study the training was home-based, in a subsequent investigation it was supervised in hospital. The hypothesis of this secondary analysis of the two studies was to determine whether supervised exercise further accelerates the return to baseline walking ability. METHODS Data from two consecutive randomized control trials (RCT) comparing pre-habilitation to the rehabilitation of cancer patients scheduled for colorectal surgery were pooled for analysis. The interventions were similar and included home-based exercise training, nutritional counseling and protein supplementation, and relaxation techniques administered either before surgery (pre-habilitation) or after surgery (rehabilitation). Patients in the second RCT received additional supervised exercise sessions. Functional capacity was assessed with the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) at baseline, before surgery, and at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Adjusted logistic regression was used to determine the improvement of the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD). RESULTS Baseline mean 6MWD of 63 patients in the supervised group was 465.1 m (SD, 115), and that of 77 patients in the nonsupervised group was 407.8 m (SD, 109) (P < 0.01). Perioperative supervised exercise training enhanced further functional capacity and muscle strength when compared with the nonsupervised group (P < 0.01). Those receiving exercise supervision had over two times higher chances to return to baseline after surgery. Supervised pre-habilitation was the best combination (4 weeks OR = 7.71, and at 8 weeks OR = 8.62). CONCLUSION Supervised exercise training leads to meaningful changes in functional capacity thus accelerating the postoperative return to baseline activities.
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Lebel S, Maheu C, Tomei C, Bernstein LJ, Courbasson C, Ferguson S, Harris C, Jolicoeur L, Lefebvre M, Muraca L, Ramanakumar AV, Singh M, Parrott J, Figueiredo D. Towards the validation of a new, blended theoretical model of fear of cancer recurrence. Psychooncology 2018; 27:2594-2601. [PMID: 30180279 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is defined as "fear, worry, or concern about cancer returning or progressing". To date, only the seminal model proposed by Lee-Jones and colleagues has been partially validated, so additional model testing is critical to inform intervention efforts. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of a blended model of FCR that integrates Leventhal's Common Sense Model, Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory, and cognitive theories of worry. METHODS Participants (n = 106) were women diagnosed with stage I to III breast or gynecological cancer who were enrolled in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a group cognitive-existential intervention for FCR. We report data from standardized questionnaires (Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Severity and Triggers subscales; Illness Uncertainty Scale; perceived risk of recurrence; Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale; Why do people Worry about Health questionnaire; Reassurance-seeking Behaviors subscale of the Health Anxiety Questionnaire, and the Reassurance Questionnaire) that participants completed before randomization. Path analyses were used to test the model. RESULTS Following the addition of four paths, the model showed an excellent fit (χ2 = 13.39, P = 0.20; comparative fit index = 0.99; root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). Triggers, perceived risk of recurrence, and illness uncertainty predicted FCR. FCR was associated with maladaptive coping. Positive beliefs about worrying and intolerance of uncertainty did not predict FCR but led to more maladaptive coping. CONCLUSIONS These results provide support for a blended FCR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lebel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Maheu
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christina Tomei
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori J Bernstein
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Courbasson
- Cognitive Behavioural, Dialectic Behavioural, and Humanistic Therapy Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Ferguson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl Harris
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Mina Singh
- School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Parrott
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Isidean SD, Mayrand MH, Ramanakumar AV, Rodrigues I, Ferenczy A, Ratnam S, Coutlée F, Franco EL. Comparison of Triage Strategies for HPV-Positive Women: Canadian Cervical Cancer Screening Trial Results. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:923-929. [PMID: 28096198 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing has become a preferred cervical cancer screening strategy in some countries due to its superior sensitivity over cytology-based methods for identifying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). Improved sensitivity has been accompanied by reductions in specificity and concerns regarding overscreening and overtreatment of women with transient or nonprogressing HR-HPV infections. Triage of HR-HPV+ women to colposcopy is, thus, warranted for appropriate management and treatment.Methods: Using data from the Canadian Cervical Cancer Screening Trial (CCCaST), we compared the performance of cytology and HR-HPV strategies to detect CIN2+ among HR-HPV+ women (age, 30-69 years). Colposcopy referral rates and performance gains from adding other HR-HPV genotypes to HPV16/18+ triage were also evaluated.Results: A strategy referring all women HPV16/18+ and HPV16/18-, but with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse cytology (ASC-US+) had the highest sensitivity [82.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 70.9%-91.0%] but yielded the highest colposcopy referral rate. HPV16/18+ triage was the next most sensitive strategy (64.1%; 95% CI, 51.1%-75.7%). Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse cytology (LSIL+) triage yielded a low sensitivity (32.8%; 95% CI, 21.9%-45.4%) but had the most favorable specificity (93.6%; 95% CI, 91.0%-95.6%), positive predictive value (41.5%; 95% CI, 28.1%-55.9%), and colposcopy referral rate of strategies examined. HPV viral load triage strategies did not perform optimally overall. Inclusion of HR-HPV genotypes 31 and 52 to HPV16/18+ triage provided the highest sensitivities.Conclusion: Concerns surrounding HPV-based screening can be effectively mitigated via triage.Impact: Balancing the benefits of HPV-based primary cervical screening with informed management recommendations for HR-HPV+ women may decide the success of its widening utilization. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 923-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Isidean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Mayrand
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Départements d'Obstétrique-Gynécologie et de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Montréal et CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Isabel Rodrigues
- Département de Médecine Familiale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alex Ferenczy
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sam Ratnam
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Tota JE, Jiang M, Ramanakumar AV, Walter SD, Kaufman JS, Coutlée F, Richardson H, Burchell AN, Koushik A, Mayrand MH, Villa LL, Franco EL. Epidemiologic Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Type Competition and the Potential for Type Replacement Post-Vaccination. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166329. [PMID: 28005904 PMCID: PMC5178990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Millions of women have been vaccinated with one of two first-generation human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. Both vaccines remain in use and target two oncogenic types (HPVs 16 and 18); however, if these types naturally compete with others that are not targeted, type replacement may occur following reductions in the circulating prevalence of targeted types. To explore the potential for type replacement, we evaluated natural HPV type competition in unvaccinated females. Methods Valid HPV DNA typing information was available from five epidemiological studies conducted in Canada and Brazil (n = 14,685; enrollment across studies took place between1993 and 2010), which used similar consensus-primer PCR assays, capable of detecting up to 40 HPV types. A total of 38,088 cervicovaginal specimens were available for inclusion in our analyses evaluating HPV type-type interactions involving vaccine-targeted types (6, 11, 16, and 18), and infection with each of the other HPV types. Results Across the studies, the average age of participants ranged from 21.0 to 43.7 years. HPV16 was the most common type (prevalence range: 1.0% to 13.8%), and in general HPV types were more likely to be detected as part of a multiple infection than as single infections. In our analyses focusing on each of the vaccine-targeted HPV types separately, many significant positive associations were observed (particularly involving HPV16); however, we did not observe any statistically significant negative associations. Conclusions Our findings suggest that natural HPV type competition does not exist, and that type replacement is unlikely to occur in vaccinated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Tota
- McGill University, Department of Oncology, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mengzhu Jiang
- McGill University, Department of Oncology, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Stephen D. Walter
- McMaster University, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay S. Kaufman
- McGill University, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Université de Montréal, Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Harriet Richardson
- Queen’s University, Department of Public Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann N. Burchell
- McGill University, Department of Oncology, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- St. Michael’s Hospital, Department of Family and Community Medicine and Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Koushik
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Hélène Mayrand
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Département d’obstétrique-gynécologie et Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luisa L. Villa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L. Franco
- McGill University, Department of Oncology, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- McGill University, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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31
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Isidean SD, Mayrand MH, Ramanakumar AV, Gilbert L, Reid SL, Rodrigues I, Ferenczy A, Ratnam S, Coutlée F, Franco EL. Human papillomavirus testing versus cytology in primary cervical cancer screening: End-of-study and extended follow-up results from the Canadian cervical cancer screening trial. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2456-66. [PMID: 27538188 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Canadian Cervical Cancer Screening Trial was a randomized controlled trial comparing the performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and Papanicolaou cytology to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grades 2 or worse (CIN2+) among women aged 30-69 years attending routine cervical cancer screening in Montreal and St. John's, Canada (n = 10,154). We examined screening and prognostic values of enrollment cytologic and HPV testing results. Extended follow-up data were available for St. John's participants (n = 5,754; 501,682.6 person-months). HPV testing detected more CIN2+ than cytology during protocol-defined (82.9 vs. 44.4%) and extended (54.2 vs. 19.3%) follow-up periods, respectively. Three-year risks ranged from 0.87% (95% CI: 0.37-2.05) for HPV-/Pap- women to 35.77% (95% CI: 25.88-48.04) for HPV+/Pap+ women. Genotype-specific risks ranged from 0.90% (95% CI: 0.40-2.01) to 43.84% (95% CI: 32.42-57.24) among HPV- and HPV16+ women, respectively, exceeding those associated with Pap+ or HPV+ results taken individually or jointly. Ten-year risks ranged from 1.15% (95% CI: 0.60-2.19) for HPV-/Pap- women to 26.05% (95% CI: 15.34-42.13) for HPV+/Pap+ women and genotype-specific risks ranged from 1.13% (95% CI: 0.59-2.14) to 32.78% (95% CI: 21.15-48.51) among women testing HPV- and HPV16+, respectively. Abnormal cytology stratified risks most meaningfully for HPV+ women. Primary HPV testing every 3 years provided a similar or greater level of reassurance against disease risks as currently recommended screening strategies. HPV-based cervical screening may allow for greater disease detection than cytology-based screening and permit safe extensions of screening intervals; genotype-specific testing could provide further improvement in the positive predictive value of such screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Isidean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Mayrand
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Départements d'Obstétrique-Gynécologie et de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Montréal et CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Laura Gilbert
- Newfoundland and Labrador Public Health Laboratory, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Reid
- Newfoundland and Labrador Public Health Laboratory, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Isabel Rodrigues
- Département de Médecine Familiale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Ferenczy
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sam Ratnam
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Ramanakumar AV, Naud P, Roteli-Martins CM, de Carvalho NS, de Borba PC, Teixeira JC, Blatter M, Moscicki AB, Harper DM, Romanowski B, Tyring SK, Ramjattan B, Schuind A, Dubin G, Franco EL. Incidence and duration of type-specific human papillomavirus infection in high-risk HPV-naïve women: results from the control arm of a phase II HPV-16/18 vaccine trial. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011371. [PMID: 27566633 PMCID: PMC5013348 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Persistence of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is necessary for cervical carcinogenesis. We evaluated incidence and duration of type-specific HPV infections and the influence of age and number of sexual partners. METHODS Data were obtained from 553 women (15-25 years), who were seronegative and DNA-negative for high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types and were enrolled in the placebo arm of a randomised trial of the HPV-16/18 vaccine (NCT00689741/NCT00120848). They were followed for 6.3 years. Cervicovaginal samples were self-collected at 3-month intervals for up to 27 months, and cervical samples were collected by clinicians at 6-month intervals until study end. Samples were tested for HPV types using a broad-spectrum PCR assay. Incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were used to estimate the association among age, sexual habits and HPV acquisition. RESULTS Incidence rates (95% CI) using cervical samples were 11.8 (10.4 to 13.4) and 5.6 (4.7 to 6.6) per 1000 women-months for HR-HPVs and low-risk HPVs (LR-HPVs), respectively. Equivalent rates in combined cervicovaginal and cervical samples were 17.2 (15.4 to 19.2) and 6.9 (5.9 to 8.0), respectively. 54 per cent of HR-HPV types from combined cervicovaginal and cervical samples persisted for 1 year compared with 32.3% for LR-HPV types. The risk of acquiring any HPV infection was higher among women aged <21 years (RR=1.33, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7) and women having >1 sexual partner (RR=1.83, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.4) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS HR-HPV infections were more common and lasted longer on average than LR-HPV infections. HPV acquisition was more common in younger women with multiple sexual partners. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00689741, NCT00120848; Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Naud
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS/HCPA—Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Newton S de Carvalho
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics Infectious Diseases Sector, University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Julio C Teixeira
- Department of Gynecology, Oncology Division, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mark Blatter
- Pediatric Alliance, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Diane M Harper
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Stephen K Tyring
- Departments of Microbiology/Molecular Genetics, Dermatology & Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Ramjattan
- First Line Medical Services Ltd., St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Anne Schuind
- GSK Vaccines, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary Dubin
- GSK Vaccines, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Tota JE, Ramanakumar AV, Villa LL, Richardson H, Burchell AN, Coutlée F, Franco EL. Cervical Infection With Vaccine-Associated Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes as a Predictor of Acquisition and Clearance of Other HPV Infections. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:676-84. [PMID: 27256157 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent birth cohorts vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) may be protected against up to 4 genotypes (HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18). If natural competition exists between these and other HPV types, then the prevalence of other types may increase after vaccination. METHODS Cohort information from 3 studies was used to compare acquisition and clearance of 30 different HPV types (individually and grouped by species), according to infection status with vaccine-targeted types at baseline and the time of the index infection, respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for predictors of multiple-type infection. RESULTS Among 3200 females across all studies, 857 were infected with HPV at baseline, and 994 acquired new infections during follow-up. Females infected with HPV-16 were at higher risk of acquiring other α-9 HPV types (HR, 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.0) but at similar risk of clearing existing α-9 HPV infections (HR, 0.9; 95% CI, .7-1.3). Females infected with vaccine-targeted types were generally at higher risk of acquiring additional types (HRs, > 1.0) and at equal risk of clearing existing infections. Accounting for multiple comparisons, none of the HRs of < 1.0 or >1.0 were statistically significant in our analyses of acquisition or clearance. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine-targeted HPV types do not appear to compete with other types, suggesting that HPV type replacement is unlikely to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Tota
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Luisa L Villa
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harriet Richardson
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queens University, Kingston
| | - Ann N Burchell
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Université de Montréal
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University
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Cloutier M, Aigbogun MS, Guerin A, Nitulescu R, Ramanakumar AV, Kamat SA, DeLucia M, Duffy R, Legacy SN, Henderson C, Francois C, Wu E. The Economic Burden of Schizophrenia in the United States in 2013. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:764-71. [PMID: 27135986 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.15m10278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the US societal economic burden of schizophrenia and update the 2002 reported costs of $62.7 billion given the disease management and health care structural changes of the last decade. METHODS A prevalence-based approach was used to assess direct health care costs, direct non-health care costs, and indirect costs associated with schizophrenia (ICD-9 codes 295.xx) for 2013, with cost adjustments where necessary. Direct health care costs were estimated using a retrospective matched cohort design using the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters, Medicare Supplemental, and Medicaid Multistate databases. Direct non-health care costs were estimated for law enforcement, homeless shelters, and research and training. Indirect costs were estimated for productivity loss from unemployment, reduced work productivity among the employed, premature mortality (ie, suicide), and caregiving. RESULTS The economic burden of schizophrenia was estimated at $155.7 billion ($134.4 billion-$174.3 billion based on sensitivity analyses) for 2013 and included excess direct health care costs of $37.7 billion (24%), direct non-health care costs of $9.3 billion (6%), and indirect costs of $117.3 billion (76%) compared to individuals without schizophrenia. The largest components were excess costs associated with unemployment (38%), productivity loss due to caregiving (34%), and direct health care costs (24%). CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia is associated with a significant economic burden where, in addition to direct health care costs, indirect and non-health care costs are strong contributors, suggesting that therapies should aim at improving not only symptom control but also cognition and functional performance, which are associated with substantial non-health care and indirect costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myrlene Sanon Aigbogun
- Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, 508 Carnegie Center, Princeton, NJ 08540. .,Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Duffy
- Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Susan N Legacy
- Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Wu
- Analysis Group, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Maheu C, Lebel S, Courbasson C, Lefebvre M, Singh M, Bernstein LJ, Muraca L, Benea A, Jolicoeur L, Harris C, Ramanakumar AV, Ferguson S, Sidani S. Protocol of a randomized controlled trial of the fear of recurrence therapy (FORT) intervention for women with breast or gynecological cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:291. [PMID: 27112319 PMCID: PMC4845394 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinically significant levels of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) affect up to 49 % of cancer survivors and are more prevalent among women. FCR is associated with psychological distress, lower quality of life, and increased use of medical resources. Despite its prevalence, FCR is poorly addressed in clinical care. To address this problem, we first developed, and pilot tested a 6-week, 2 h, Cognitive-existential group intervention therapy that targeted FCR in survivors of breast or gynecological cancer. Following the positive outcome of the pilot, we are now testing this approach in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Goal and hypotheses: This multicenter, prospective RCT aims to test the efficacy of the intervention. The study hypotheses are that, compared to a control group, cancer survivors participating in the intervention (1) will have less FCR, (2) will show more favorable outcomes on the following measures: cancer-specific distress, quality of life, illness uncertainty, intolerance of uncertainty, perceived risk of cancer recurrence, and coping skills. We further postulate that the between-group differences will persist three and 6 months post-intervention. Methods Sixteen groups of seven to nine women are being allocated to the intervention or the control group. The control group receives a 6-week, 2 h, structurally equivalent support group. We are recruiting 144 cancer survivors from four hospital sites in three Canadian cities. The sample size was based on the moderate pre/post-test changes found in our pilot study and adjusted to the drop-out rates. Measurements: The primary outcome, FCR, is measured by the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory. Secondary outcomes measured include cancer-specific distress, perceived risk of cancer recurrence, illness uncertainty, intolerance of uncertainty, coping, and quality of life. We use reliable and recognized valid scales. Participants are to complete the questionnaire package at four times: before the first group session (baseline), immediately after the sixth session, and 3 and 6 months post-intervention. Analysis: In the descriptive analysis, comparison of group equivalent baseline variables, identification of confounding/intermediate variables and univariate analysis are planned. Each participant’s trajectory is calculated using Generalized Estimating Equation models to determine the time and group effects, after considering the correlation structures of the groups. An intent-to-treat analysis approach may be adopted. Discussion Our Fear of Recurrence Therapy (FORT) intervention has direct implications for clinical service development to improve the quality of life for patients with breast (BC) and gynecological cancer (GC). Based on our pilot data, we are confident that the FORT intervention can guide the development of effective psychosocial cancer survivorship interventions to reduce FCR and improve psychological functioning among women with BC or GC. Trial registration Dr. Christine Maheu registered the trial with ISRCTN registry (Registration number: ISRCTN83539618, date assigned 03/09/2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Maheu
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, J7V 0E2, Canada. .,Cancer Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Sophie Lebel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Christine Courbasson
- Centre for Addition and Mental Health, CB, DB Therapy & H Therapy Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M4T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Monique Lefebvre
- Department of Psychology and Psychosocial Oncology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Mina Singh
- School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Lori J Bernstein
- Cancer Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Linda Muraca
- Auxiliary Breast Health Program, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Aronela Benea
- After Cancer Treatment Transition Clinic, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Lynne Jolicoeur
- Integrated Cancer Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Cheryl Harris
- Centre for Addition and Mental Health, CB, DB Therapy & H Therapy Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M4T 1Z2, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Ferguson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Souraya Sidani
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
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Shaw E, Ramanakumar AV, El-Zein M, Silva FR, Galan L, Baggio ML, Villa LL, Franco EL. Reproductive and genital health and risk of cervical human papillomavirus infection: results from the Ludwig-McGill cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:116. [PMID: 26956880 PMCID: PMC4782350 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are inconsistencies in the literature on reproductive and genital health determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the primary cause of cervical cancer. We examined these factors in the Ludwig-McGill Cohort Study, a longitudinal, repeated-measurements investigation on the natural history of HPV infection. Methods We analyzed a cohort subset of 1867 women with one complete year of follow-up. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for reproductive and genital health characteristics from questionnaire and laboratory data in relation to 1-year period prevalence of HPV infection. Two outcomes were measured; the first based on phylogenetic grouping of HPV types based on tissue tropism and oncogenicity (Alphapapillomavirus Subgenus 1: species 1, 8, 10 and 13; Subgenus 2: species 5, 6, 7, 9, 11; Subgenus 3: species 3, 4 and 14) and the second based on transient or persistent HPV infections. Results Lifetime (Subgenus 3 OR = 2.00, CI: 1.23–3.24) and current (Subgenus 3 OR = 2.00, CI: 1.15–3.47) condom use and use of contraceptive injections (Subgenus 1 OR = 1.96, CI: 1.22–3.16, Subgenus 2 OR = 1.34, CI: 1.00–1.79) were associated with increased risk of HPV infection. Intrauterine device use was protective (Subgenus 1 OR = 0.48, CI: 0.30–0.75, Subgenus 2 OR = 0.78, CI: 0.62–0.98). These factors were not associated with persistence of HPV infection. Tampon use, previous gynecologic infections and cervical inflammation were associated with an overall increased risk of HPV infection. Conclusions Cervical HPV infection was associated with reproductive and genital health factors. Further studies are necessary to confirm the low to moderate associations observed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1446-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Shaw
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H2W 1S6, Canada.
| | | | - Mariam El-Zein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Flavia R Silva
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Lenice Galan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria L Baggio
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H2W 1S6, Canada.
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Sheppard CS, El-Zein M, Ramanakumar AV, Ferenczy A, Franco EL. Assessment of mediators of racial disparities in cervical cancer survival in the United States. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2622-30. [PMID: 26756569 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) morbidity and mortality have decreased in the United States, but they remain high among black women. We assessed racial disparities in CC mortality, accounting for socioeconomic status (SES). We linked data from the 1988 to 2007 Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to the US Census. Additional SES information was obtained through linkage with Area Resource Files. We used the Kaplan-Meier method for estimating probabilities following CC diagnosis and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CC mortality by race. The models were incrementally adjusted for marital status, registry, period, stage, age at diagnosis, histology, treatment, household income, poverty and unemployment rates. We stratified the analyses by disease stage and American state. A total of 44,554 women with CC were identified. Compared to white women, black women had a higher risk of dying from CC; crude and adjusted HRs were 1.41 (CI: 1.34-1.48) and 1.09 (CI: 1.03-1.15), respectively. Corresponding estimates for Hispanic women were 0.85 (CI: 0.80-0.89) and 0.75 (CI: 0.71-0.80). Black women diagnosed at late disease stages had a higher risk of CC death, whereas Hispanic women diagnosed at early and late stages had significantly lower risks. Black CC patients in California experienced poorer survival relative to white women. Conversely, longer CC survival was seen among Hispanic women in California, Georgia and Utah. While crude estimates indicated an increased CC death risk among black women, risks diminished upon adjustment for clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace S Sheppard
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mariam El-Zein
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Ferenczy
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Vekeman F, Sasane M, Cheng WY, Ramanakumar AV, Fortier J, Qiu Y, Duh MS, Paley C, Adams-Graves P. Adherence to iron chelation therapy and associated healthcare resource utilization and costs in Medicaid patients with sickle cell disease and thalassemia. J Med Econ 2016; 19:292-303. [PMID: 26618853 DOI: 10.3111/13696998.2015.1117979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-optimal patient adherence to iron chelation therapy (ICT) may impact patient outcomes and increase cost of care. This study evaluated the economic burden of ICT non-adherence in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) or thalassemia. METHODS Patients with SCD or thalassemia were identified from six state Medicaid programs (1997-2013). Adherence was estimated using the medication possession ratio (MPR) of ≥0.80. All-cause and disease-specific resource utilization per-patient-per-month (PPPM) was assessed and compared between adherent and non-adherent patients using adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR). All-cause and disease-specific healthcare costs were computed using mean cost PPPM. Regression models adjusting for baseline characteristics were used to compare adherent and non-adherent patients. RESULTS A total of 728 eligible patients treated with ICT in the SCD cohort, 461 (63%) adherent, and 218 in the thalassemia cohort, 137 (63%) adherent, were included in this study. In SCD patients, the adjusted rate of all-cause outpatient visits PPPM was higher in adherent patients vs non-adherent patients (aIRR [95% CI]: 1.05 [1.01-1.08], p < 0.0001). Conversely, adherent patients incurred fewer all-cause inpatients visits (0.87 [0.81-0.94], p < 0.001) and ER visits (0.86 [0.78-0.93], p < 0.001). Similar trends were observed in SCD-related resource utilization rates and in thalassemia patients. Total all-cause costs were similar between adherent and non-adherent patients, but inpatient costs (adjusted cost difference = -$1530 PPPM, p = 0.0360) were lower in adherent patients. CONCLUSION Patients adherent to ICT had less acute care need and lower inpatient costs than non-adherent patients, although they had more outpatient visits. Improved adherence may be linked to better disease monitoring and has the potential to avoid important downstream costs associated with acute care visits and reduce the financial burden on health programs and managed care plans treating SCD and thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Medha Sasane
- b b Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation , East Hanover , NJ , USA
| | | | | | | | - Ying Qiu
- b b Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation , East Hanover , NJ , USA
| | | | - Carole Paley
- b b Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation , East Hanover , NJ , USA
| | - Patricia Adams-Graves
- d d Department of Medicine , The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
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Rabinovich A, Bernard L, Ramanakumar AV, Stroian G, Gotlieb WH, Lau S, Bahoric B. Para-aortic and pelvic extended-field radiotherapy for advanced-stage uterine cancer: dosimetric and toxicity comparison between the four-field box and intensity-modulated techniques. Curr Oncol 2015; 22:405-11. [PMID: 26715873 DOI: 10.3747/co.22.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with advanced-stage endometrial carcinoma (eca), extended-field radiotherapy (efrt) is traditionally delivered by the 3-dimensional conformal (3d-crt) 4-field box technique. In recent years, the use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (imrt) in gynecologic cancers has increased. We compared the delivery of efrt by the 3d-crt and contemporary imrt techniques. METHODS After surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy in 38 eca patients, efrt was delivered by either imrt or 3d-crt. Doses to the organs at risk, side effects, and outcomes were compared between the techniques. RESULTS Of the 38 eca patients, 33 were stage iiic, and 5 were stage ivb. In the imrt group, maximal doses to rectum, small intestine, and bladder were significantly higher, and mean dose to bladder was lower (p < 0.0001). Most acute gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and hematologic side effects were grade i or ii and were comparable between the groups. In long-term follow-up, only grade 1 cystitis at 3 months was statistically higher in the imrt patients. No grade iii or iv gastrointestinal or genitourinary toxicities were observed. No statistically significant differences in overall and disease-free survival or recurrence rates were observed between the techniques. CONCLUSIONS In advanced eca patients, imrt is a safe and effective technique for delivering efrt to the pelvis and para-aortic region, and it is comparable to the 3d-crt 4-field box technique in both side effects and efficacy. For centres in which imrt is not readily available, 3d-crt is a valid alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rabinovich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - L Bernard
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - A V Ramanakumar
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - G Stroian
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - W H Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - S Lau
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - B Bahoric
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC
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Richardson LA, El-Zein M, Ramanakumar AV, Ratnam S, Sangwa-Lugoma G, Longatto-Filho A, Cardoso MA, Coutlée F, Franco EL. HPV DNA testing with cytology triage in cervical cancer screening: Influence of revealing HPV infection status. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 123:745-54. [PMID: 26230283 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) status might influence a cytotechnician's assessment of cellular abnormalities. The authors compared original cytotechnicians' Papanicolaou (Pap) readings for which HPV status was concealed with Pap rereads for which HPV status was revealed separately for 3 screening populations. METHODS Previously collected cervical Pap smears and clinical data were obtained from the Canadian Cervical Cancer Screening Trial (study A), the Democratic Republic of Congo Community-Based Screening Study (study B), and the Brazilian Investigation into Nutrition and Cervical Cancer Prevention (study C). Smears were reread with knowledge of HPV status for all HPV-positive women as well as a sample of HPV-negative women. Diagnostic performance of Pap cytology was compared between original readings and rereads. RESULTS A total of 1767 Pap tests were reread. Among 915 rereads for HPV-positive women, the contrast between "revealed" and "concealed" Pap readings demonstrated revisions from negative to positive results for 109 women (cutoff was atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse) and 124 women (cutoff was low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions [LSIL] or worse). For a disease threshold of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse, specificity significantly declined at the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance cutoff for studies A (86.6% to 75.3%) and C (42.5% to 15.5%), and at the LSIL cutoff for study C (61.9% to 37.6%). Sensitivity remained nearly unchanged between readings, except in study C, in which reread performance was superior (91.3% vs 71.9% for the LSIL cutoff). CONCLUSIONS A reduction in the diagnostic accuracy of Pap cytology was observed when revealing patients' cervical HPV status, possibly due to a heightened awareness of potential abnormalities, which led to more false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Ann Richardson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariam El-Zein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Ratnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,Public Health Laboratory, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Ghislain Sangwa-Lugoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 14, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, FMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marly Augusto Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francois Coutlée
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Montreal University Medical Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kiely DJ, Gotlieb WH, Lau S, Zeng X, Samouelian V, Ramanakumar AV, Zakrzewski H, Brin S, Fraser SA, Korsieporn P, Drudi L, Press JZ. Virtual reality robotic surgery simulation curriculum to teach robotic suturing: a randomized controlled trial. J Robot Surg 2015; 9:179-86. [PMID: 26531197 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-015-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this randomized, controlled trial was to assess whether voluntary participation in a proctored, proficiency-based, virtual reality robotic suturing curriculum using the da Vinci(®) Skills Simulator™ improves robotic suturing performance. Residents and attending surgeons were randomized to participation or non-participation during a 5 week training curriculum. Robotic suturing skills were evaluated before and after training using an inanimate vaginal cuff model, which participants sutured for 10 min using the da Vinci(®) Surgical System. Performances were videotaped, anonymized, and subsequently graded independently by three robotic surgeons. 27 participants were randomized. 23 of the 27 completed both the pre- and post-test, 13 in the training group and 10 in the control group. Mean training time in the intervention group was 238 ± 136 min (SD) over the 5 weeks. The primary outcome (improvement in GOALS+ score) and the secondary outcomes (improvement in GEARS, total knots, satisfactory knots, and the virtual reality suture sponge 1 task) were significantly greater in the training group than the control group in unadjusted analysis. After adjusting for lower baseline scores in the training group, improvement in the suture sponge 1 task remained significantly greater in the training group and a trend was demonstrated to greater improvement in the training group for the GOALS+ score, GEARS score, total knots, and satisfactory knots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kiely
- Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Gynecologic Oncology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Susie Lau
- Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Xing Zeng
- Gynecologic Oncology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Sonya Brin
- Gynecologic Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Shannon A Fraser
- General Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pira Korsieporn
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura Drudi
- Vascular Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joshua Z Press
- Division of Oncology and Pelvic Surgery, Pacific Gynecology Specialists, Seattle, USA
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Rabinovich A, Bernard L, Niazi TM, Ramanakumar AV, Gotlieb WH, Lau S, Bahoric B. Para-aortic and Pelvic Radiotherapy, an Effective and Safe Treatment in Advanced-stage Uterine Cancer. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:2893-2900. [PMID: 25964573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present, was a feasibility study of extended-field (EF) external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) given sequentially following complete staging and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with advanced-stage endometrial carcinoma (EC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A cohort study was carried out in 38 patients with stage IIIC and IVB EC treated by surgery, six cycles of paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy followed by EF EBRT and VBT. RESULTS A total of 60% of the patients had non-endometrioid histology, 45% had both pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases. Two patients experienced recurrence in the previously irradiated field. Five-year overall and progression-free survival were 77% and 72.5%, respectively. Grade 1 diarrhea and grade 1 cystitis were the most common acute and delayed side-effects. CONCLUSION EF EBRT and VBT following complete staging and adjuvant chemotherapy is a safe and effective treatment for patients with advanced-stage EC. Compared to historical data, our study suggests an improved progression-free and overall survival with acceptable acute and delayed side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rabinovich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamim M Niazi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susie Lau
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris Bahoric
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Rabinovich A, Ramanakumar AV, Lau S, Gotlieb WH. Prolonged pegylated liposomal doxorubicin treatment for recurrent pelvic cancers: a feasibility study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015; 94:776-780. [PMID: 25923364 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a proof of concept study evaluating prolonged treatment with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for recurrent ovarian, tubal and peritoneal carcinoma. Thirteen consecutive patients received an average of 22.6 cycles of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, with an average cumulative dose of 1409 mg/m(2) . Progression-free survival at 18 months was 61.5%, and was longer than the previous progression-free survival in 10 of the 13 patients. Overall 5-year survival was 78.8%. Despite prolonged use and relatively large cumulative doses of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, most of the patients had mild to moderate side-effects, none of the patients had detectable cardio-toxic side-effects, and a positive impact on the performance status was noticed. Thus, in our group of patients, continued pegylated liposomal doxorubicin treatment was associated with a longer progression-free interval and allowed improved performance status with manageable toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rabinovich
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susie Lau
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Walter H Gotlieb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Louvanto K, Franco EL, Ramanakumar AV, Vasiljević N, Scibior-Bentkowska D, Koushik A, Cuzick J, Coutlée F, Lorincz AT. Methylation of viral and host genes and severity of cervical lesions associated with human papillomavirus type 16. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:E638-45. [PMID: 25203794 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of human papillomavirus (HPV) and host genes may predict cervical cancer risk. We examined the methylation status of selected sites in HPV16 and human genes in DNA extracted from exfoliated cervical cell samples of 244 women harboring HPV16-positive cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM). We quantified the methylation of CpG sites in the HPV16 L1 gene (CpG 6367 and 6389) and in the human genes EPB41L3 (CpG 438, 427, 425) and LMX1 (CpG 260, 262, 266, 274) following bisulfite treatment and pyrosequencing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the diagnostic utility of methylation level for the different sites and for a joint predictor score. Methylation in all sites significantly increased with lesion severity (p < 0.0001). Area under the curve (AUC) was highest among the CIN2/3 vs. cancer ranging from 0.786 to 0.853 among the different sites. Site-specific methylation levels strongly discriminated CIN2/3 from NILM/CIN1 and cancer from CIN2/3 (range of odds ratios [OR]: 3.69-12.76, range of lower 95% confidence bounds: 1.03-4.01). When methylation levels were mutually adjusted for each other EPB41L3 was the only independent predictor of CIN2/3 vs. NILM/CIN1 contrasts (OR = 9.94, 95%CI: 2.46-40.27). High methylation levels of viral and host genes are common among precancerous and cancer lesions and can serve as independent risk biomarkers. Methylation of host genes LMX1 and EPB41L3 and of the viral HPV16 L1 sites has the potential to distinguish among precancerous lesions and to distinguish the latter from invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Louvanto
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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de Araujo-Souza PS, Ramanakumar AV, Candeias JMG, Thomann P, Trevisan A, Franco EL, Villa LL. Determinants of baseline seroreactivity to human papillomavirus type 16 in the Ludwig-McGill cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:578. [PMID: 25730386 PMCID: PMC4247698 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunity plays an important role in controlling human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated lesions. Unlike infections caused by other viruses, natural HPV infection does not always result in a protective antibody response. Therefore, HPV antibodies are also considered markers of cumulative exposure. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of HPV16 seroreactivity at enrollment among women from the Ludwig-McGill cohort, a natural history study of HPV infection and risk of cervical neoplasia. METHODS HPV16 serology was assessed by ELISA for L1 and L2 capsid antigens, while HPV typing and viral load measurements were performed by PCR-based methods. The associations were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Of 2049 subjects, 425 (20.7%) were strongly seropositive for HPV16. In multivariate analysis, seroreactivity was positively correlated with age, lifetime number of sexual partners, frequency of sex, and HPV16 viral load, and negatively associated with duration of smoking. CONCLUSIONS HPV16 seroreactivity is determined by factors that reflect viral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia S de Araujo-Souza
- />Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- />Department of Immunobiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- />Program of Cellular Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - João M G Candeias
- />Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- />Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Thomann
- />Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- />Institute of Gynaecological Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Trevisan
- />Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- />Division of Gynecologic Oncology, CHUM - Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- />Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- />Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luisa L Villa
- />Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo, Brazil
- />Molecular Biology Laboratory, São Paulo Cancer Institute, ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
- />Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- />School of Medicine, University of São Paulo and Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dahlstrom KR, Burchell AN, Ramanakumar AV, Rodrigues A, Tellier PP, Hanley J, Coutlée F, Franco EL. Sexual transmission of oral human papillomavirus infection among men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2959-64. [PMID: 25392180 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated the prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) and assessed risk factors among young heterosexual men participating in the HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) study. Oral and genital HPV samples were collected from 222 men and their female partners who were participating in the HITCH study, a longitudinal cohort on HPV transmission among heterosexual couples. Demographic and behavioral data were collected through self-administered computer questionnaires and biologic samples were tested with the Linear Array for HPV. Outcome measures were overall and type-specific prevalence of oral HPV. The prevalence of oral HPV among men was 7.2% and was higher among men who were ever smokers (12.2%), in nonmonogamous relationships (17.9%), or had a partner with oral (28.6%) and/or genital (11.5%) HPV infection. Moreover, prevalence increased with frequency of oral sex among men whose partner who had a genital infection with the same HPV type. Our results provide further evidence that oral HPV may be transmitted through either oral-oral or oral-genital routes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann N Burchell
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Allita Rodrigues
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - James Hanley
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Tota JE, Ramanakumar AV, Villa LL, Richardson H, Burchell AN, Koushik A, Mayrand MH, Coutlée F, Franco EL. Evaluation of human papillomavirus type replacement postvaccination must account for diagnostic artifacts: masking of HPV52 by HPV16 in anogenital specimens. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 24:286-90. [PMID: 25277793 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that, following a reduction in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine-targeted genotypes, an increase in prevalence of other HPV types may occur due to reduced competition during natural infection. Any apparent postvaccination increase must be distinguished from diagnostic artifacts consequent to consensus PCR assays failing to detect HPV types present in low copy numbers in coinfected specimens (under the assumption that with a drop in vaccine-preventable types there may be increased detection of previously "masked" types). We reanalyzed anogenital specimens to evaluate unmasking of HPV52 that may be caused by elimination of HPV16. Using highly sensitive type-specific real-time HPV52 PCR, we retested 1,200 anogenital specimens (all HPV52 negative according to consensus PCR assays) from six epidemiologic studies (200 specimens/study; 100 HPV16(+)/study). Multivariate logistic regression, with adjustment for age and number of sexual partners, was used to evaluate the association between HPV16 positivity and detection of HPV52. In our pooled analysis (n = 1,196), the presence of HPV16 was positively associated with HPV52 detection [adjusted OR, 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76-2.82]. In our separate (study specific) analyses, a statistically significant association was observed in one study that included HIV-infected males (HIPVIRG study; adjusted OR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.19-12.26). We observed a positive association between HPV16 viral load (tertiles) and detection of HPV52 (P for trend = 0.003). These results indicate that diagnostic artifacts, resulting from unmasking of HPV52, may occur in some settings in the evaluation of HPV type replacement. Additional studies exploring the extent and severity of unmasking are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Tota
- Department of Oncology (Division of Cancer Epidemiology), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Department of Oncology (Division of Cancer Epidemiology), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Santa Casa de São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harriet Richardson
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann N Burchell
- Department of Oncology (Division of Cancer Epidemiology), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Koushik
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Mayrand
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Université de Montréal, Département d'obstétrique-gynécologie et Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Université de Montréal, Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Department of Oncology (Division of Cancer Epidemiology), McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Tota JE, Ramanakumar AV, Jiang M, Dillner J, Walter SD, Kaufman JS, Coutlée F, Villa LL, Franco EL. Epidemiologic approaches to evaluating the potential for human papillomavirus type replacement postvaccination. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:625-34. [PMID: 23660798 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, 2 vaccines exist that prevent infection by the genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. Although vaccination is expected to reduce the prevalence of these HPV types, there is concern about the effect this could have on the distribution of other oncogenic types. According to basic ecological principles, if competition exists between ≥2 different HPV types for niche occupation during natural infection, elimination of 1 type may lead to an increase in other type(s). Here, we discuss this issue of "type replacement" and present different epidemiologic approaches for evaluation of HPV type competition. Briefly, these approaches involve: 1) calculation of the expected frequency of coinfection under independence between HPV types for comparison with observed frequency; 2) construction of hierarchical logistic regression models for each vaccine-targeted type; and 3) construction of Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models to evaluate sequential acquisition and clearance of HPV types according to baseline HPV status. We also discuss a related issue concerning diagnostic artifacts arising when multiple HPV types are present in specific samples (due to the inability of broad-spectrum assays to detect certain types present in lower concentrations). This may result in an apparent increase in previously undetected types postvaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Tota
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Oliveira LB, Louvanto K, Ramanakumar AV, Franco EL, Villa LL, For The Ludwig-McGill Cohort Study. Polymorphism in the promoter region of the Toll-like receptor 9 gene and cervical human papillomavirus infection. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1858-1864. [PMID: 23677790 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.052811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 gene has been shown to have a significant role in some diseases; however, little is known about its possible role in the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. We investigated the association between a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs5743836) in the promoter region of TLR9 (T1237C) and type-specific HPV infections. Specimens were derived from a cohort of 2462 women enrolled in the Ludwig-McGill Cohort Study. We randomly selected 500 women who had a cervical HPV infection detected at least once during the study as cases. We defined two control groups: (i) a random sample of 300 women who always tested HPV negative, and (ii) a sample of 234 women who were always HPV negative but had a minimum of ten visits during the study. TLR9 genotyping was performed using bidirectional PCR amplification of specific alleles. Irrespective of group, the WT homozygous TLR9 genotype (TT) was the most common form, followed by the heterozygous (TC) and the mutant homozygous (CC) forms. There were no consistent associations between polymorphism and infection risk, either overall or by type or species. Likewise, there were no consistently significant associations between polymorphism and HPV clearance or persistence. We concluded that this polymorphism in the promoter region of TLR9 gene does not seem to have a mediating role in the natural history of the HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Boeno Oliveira
- Center of Investigation in Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer de Estado de São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S6 Canada
| | | | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S6 Canada
| | - Luisa L Villa
- HPV Institute, School of Medicine, Santa Casa de São Paulo, and Dept Radiology and Basic Oncology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center of Investigation in Translational Oncology, Instituto do Câncer de Estado de São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Trevisan A, Schlecht NF, Ramanakumar AV, Villa LL, Franco EL, The Ludwig-McGill Study Group. Human papillomavirus type 16 viral load measurement as a predictor of infection clearance. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1850-1857. [PMID: 23677791 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.051722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral load measurements may predict whether human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 infections may become persistent and eventually lead to cervical lesions. Today, multiple PCR methods exist to estimate viral load. We tested three protocols to investigate viral load as a predictor of HPV clearance. We measured viral load in 418 HPV16-positive cervical smears from 224 women participating in the Ludwig-McGill Cohort Study by low-stringency PCR (LS-PCR) using consensus L1 primers targeting over 40 known HPV types, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) targeting the HPV16 E6 and L1 genes. HPV16 clearance was determined by MY09/11 and PGMY PCR testing on repeated smears collected over 5 years. Correlation between viral load measurements by qRT-PCR (E6 versus L1) was excellent (Spearman's rank correlation, ρ = 0.88), but decreased for L1 qRT-PCR versus LS-PCR (ρ = 0.61). Viral load by LS-PCR was higher for HPV16 and related types independently of other concurrent HPV infections. Median duration of infection was longer for smears with high copy number by all three PCR protocols (log rank P<0.05). Viral load is inversely related to HPV16 clearance independently of concurrent HPV infections and PCR protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Trevisan
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique, 20045, Chemin Sainte-Marie, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3R5, Canada.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, R. João Julião, 245, 01323-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicolas F Schlecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Agnihotram V Ramanakumar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S6, Canada
| | - Luisa L Villa
- HPV Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, 01223-001 São Paulo, SP Brazil.,Dept of Radiology and Basic Oncology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, ICESP, Av Dr Arnaldo 251, 8th floor, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, R. João Julião, 245, 01323-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S6, Canada
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