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Tsivgoulis G, Lioutas VA, Varelas P, Katsanos AH, Goyal N, Mikulik R, Barlinn K, Krogias C, Sharma VK, Vadikolias K, Dardiotis E, Karapanayiotides T, Pappa A, Zompola C, Triantafyllou S, Kargiotis O, Ioakeimidis M, Giannopoulos S, Kerro A, Tsantes A, Mehta C, Jones M, Schroeder C, Norton C, Bonakis A, Chang J, Alexandrov AW, Mitsias P, Alexandrov AV. Direct oral anticoagulant- vs vitamin K antagonist-related nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2017; 89:1142-1151. [PMID: 28814457 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the neuroimaging profile and clinical outcomes among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) related to use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS We evaluated consecutive patients with NVAF with nontraumatic, anticoagulant-related ICH admitted at 13 tertiary stroke care centers over a 12-month period. We also performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of eligible observational studies reporting baseline characteristics and outcomes among patients with VKA- or DOAC-related ICH. RESULTS We prospectively evaluated 161 patients with anticoagulation-related ICH (mean age 75.6 ± 9.8 years, 57.8% men, median admission NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSSadm] score 13 points, interquartile range 6-21). DOAC-related (n = 47) and VKA-related (n = 114) ICH did not differ in demographics, vascular risk factors, HAS-BLED and CHA2DS2-VASc scores, and antiplatelet pretreatment except for a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease in VKA-related ICH. Patients with DOAC-related ICH had lower median NIHSSadm scores (8 [3-14] vs 15 [7-25] points, p = 0.003), median baseline hematoma volume (12.8 [4-40] vs 24.3 [11-58.8] cm3, p = 0.007), and median ICH score (1 [0-2] vs 2 [1-3] points, p = 0.049). Severe ICH (>2 points) was less prevalent in DOAC-related ICH (17.0% vs 36.8%, p = 0.013). In multivariable analyses, DOAC-related ICH was independently associated with lower baseline hematoma volume (p = 0.006), lower NIHSSadm scores (p = 0.022), and lower likelihood of severe ICH (odds ratio [OR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.87, p = 0.025). In meta-analysis of eligible studies, DOAC-related ICH was associated with lower baseline hematoma volumes on admission CT (standardized mean difference = -0.57, 95% CI -1.02 to -0.12, p = 0.010) and lower in-hospital mortality rates (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.91, p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS DOAC-related ICH is associated with smaller baseline hematoma volume and lesser neurologic deficit at hospital admission compared to VKA-related ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Varelas
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nitin Goyal
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Robert Mikulik
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kristian Barlinn
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos Krogias
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Efthymios Dardiotis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theodore Karapanayiotides
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandra Pappa
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christina Zompola
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sokratis Triantafyllou
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Odysseas Kargiotis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michael Ioakeimidis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sotirios Giannopoulos
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ali Kerro
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Argyrios Tsantes
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chandan Mehta
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mathew Jones
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christoph Schroeder
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Casey Norton
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasios Bonakis
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jason Chang
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anne W Alexandrov
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Mitsias
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- From the Department of Neurology (G.T., N.G., A.K., J.C., A.W.A., A.V.A.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Second Department of Neurology (G.T., A.H.K., C.Z., S.T., M.I., A.B.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology (V.-A.L., C.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (P.V., C.M., M.J., P.M.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Department of Neurology (A.H.K., S.G.), University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece; International Clinical Research Center (R.M.), Neurology Department, St. Anne's Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (K.B.), Dresden University Stroke Center; Department of Neurology (C.K., C.S.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany; Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (K.V.), Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Neurology (E.D., A.P.), University of Thessaly, Larissa; Second Department of Neurology (T.K.), AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki; Acute Stroke Unit (O.K.), Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus; Laboratory of Haematology and Blood Bank Unit (A.T.), "Attikon" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Australian Catholic University (A.W.A.), School of Nursing, Sydney, Australia; and Department of Neurology (P.M.), University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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