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Scalavino V, Piccinno E, Lacalamita A, Tafaro A, Armentano R, Giannelli G, Serino G. miR-195-5p Regulates Tight Junctions Expression via Claudin-2 Downregulation in Ulcerative Colitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:919. [PMID: 35453669 PMCID: PMC9029592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation associated with an increased intestinal permeability. Several studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the IBD pathogenesis. Here, we aimed to functionally characterize the role of miRNAs in the regulation of intestinal permeability and barrier function. We identified 18 dysregulated miRNAs in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from the ulcerative colitis (UC) mice model and control mice. Among them, down-regulated miR-195-5p targeted claudin-2 (CLDN2) and was involved in impaired barrier function. CLDN2 expression levels were increased in UC mice models and negatively correlated with miR-195-5p expression. We demonstrated that gain-of-function of miR-195-5p in colonic epithelial cell lines decreased the CLDN2 levels. This modulation, in turn, downregulated claudin-1 (CLDN1) expression at protein level but not that of occludin. Our data support a previously unreported role of miR-195-5p in intestinal tight junctions' regulation and suggest a potential pharmacological target for new therapeutic approaches in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grazia Serino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy; (V.S.); (E.P.); (A.L.); (A.T.); (R.A.); (G.G.)
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Liso M, Verna G, Cavalcanti E, De Santis S, Armentano R, Tafaro A, Lippolis A, Campiglia P, Gasbarrini A, Mastronardi M, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F, Lopetuso LR, Chieppa M. Interleukin 1β Blockade Reduces Intestinal Inflammation in a Murine Model of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Independent Ulcerative Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:151-171. [PMID: 35314399 PMCID: PMC9120241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases are multifactorial diseases commonly treated with either immunomodulatory drugs or anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Currently, failure to respond to anti-TNF therapy (assessed no earlier than 8-12 weeks after starting treatment) occurs in 20%-40% of patients enrolled in clinical trials and in 10%-20% in clinical practice. Murine models of inflammatory bowel disease provide important tools to better understand disease mechanism(s). In this context and among the numerous models available, Winnie-TNF-knockout (KO) mice recently were reported to show characteristics of ulcerative colitis (UC) that are independent of TNF, and with increased interleukin (IL)1β production. METHODS Herein, the efficacy of recombinant IL1-receptor antagonist (anakinra) administration was evaluated in Winnie-TNF-KO mice, used as a UC model of primary anti-TNF nonresponders. RESULTS We analyzed gut mucosal biopsy specimens and circulating cytokine profiles of a cohort of 30 UC patients; approximately 75% of primary nonresponders were characterized by abundant IL1β in both the serum and local intestinal tissues. In Winnie-TNF-KO mice, administration of anakinra efficiently reduced the histologic score of the distal colon, which represents the most common site of inflammation in Winnie mice. Furthermore, among lamina propria and mesenteric lymph node-derived T cells, interferon γ-expressing CD8+ T cells were reduced significantly after anakinra administration. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insight and alternative approaches to treat UC patients, and points to anti-IL1 strategies (ie, anakinra) that may be a more effective therapeutic option for primary nonresponders to anti-TNF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Giulio Verna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy,Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Elisabetta Cavalcanti
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Armentano
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Angela Tafaro
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Antonio Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center–Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Roma, Italy
| | - Mauro Mastronardi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Theresa Torres Pizarro
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- Digestive Disease Center–Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Roma, Italy,Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy,Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Marcello Chieppa, PhD, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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De Santis S, Verna G, Serino G, Armentano R, Cavalcanti E, Liso M, Dicarlo M, Coletta S, Mastronardi M, Lippolis A, Tafaro A, Santino A, Pinto A, Campiglia P, Huang AY, Cominelli F, Pizarro TT, Chieppa M. Winnie- APCMin/+ Mice: A Spontaneous Model of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Combining Genetics and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082972. [PMID: 32340123 PMCID: PMC7215554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the best examples of the relationship between inflammation and increased cancer risk. (2) Methods: To examine the effects of spontaneous low-grade chronic inflammation on the pathogenesis of CRC, we developed a new murine model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by crossing Mucin 2 mutated mice (Winnie) with ApcMin/+ mice. (3) Results: The resulting Winnie-ApcMin/+ model combines an inflammatory background with a genetic predisposition to small intestinal polyposis. Winnie-ApcMin/+ mice show an early occurrence of inflammatory signs and dysplastic lesions in the distal colon with a specific molecular signature. (4) Conclusion: The Winnie-ApcMin/+ model is a perfect model to demonstrate that chronic inflammation represents a crucial risk factor for the onset and progression of tumoral lesions in individuals genetically predisposed to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (A.P.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.S.); (M.C.); Tel.: +39-080-544-2763 (S.D.S.); +39-080-499-4628 (M.C.)
| | - Giulio Verna
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Grazia Serino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Raffaele Armentano
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Elisabetta Cavalcanti
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Manuela Dicarlo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Sergio Coletta
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Mauro Mastronardi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Angela Tafaro
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production C.N.R., Unit of Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Aldo Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (A.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (A.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Alex Y. Huang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (F.C.); (T.T.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (F.C.); (T.T.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.); (R.A.); (E.C.); (M.L.); (M.D.); (S.C.); (M.M.); (A.L.); (A.T.)
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), 84125 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.S.); (M.C.); Tel.: +39-080-544-2763 (S.D.S.); +39-080-499-4628 (M.C.)
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Orlando A, Linsalata M, Bianco G, Notarnicola M, D'Attoma B, Scavo MP, Tafaro A, Russo F. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Protects the Epithelial Barrier of Wistar Rats from the Pepsin-Trypsin-Digested Gliadin (PTG)-Induced Enteropathy. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111698. [PMID: 30405050 PMCID: PMC6265991 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder, characterized by enhanced paracellular permeability across the intestinal epithelium. The complex system of intercellular junctions, including tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), seals together the epithelial cells to form a continuous layer. The improvements in barrier integrity have been related to modifications in intercellular junction protein expression. Polyamines (spermidine, spermine, and putrescine) actively participate in the modulation of the AJ expression. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that also probiotics can promote the integrity and the function of the intestinal barrier. On these bases, the present work investigated the protective effects exerted by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L.GG) against the pepsin-trypsin-digested gliadin (PTG)-induced enteropathy in jejunal tissue samples of Wistar rats. In particular, the probiotic effects have been evaluated on the intestinal mucosal architecture, polyamine metabolism and intercellular junction protein expression (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, β-catenin and E-cadherin). The results from this study indicate that L.GG protects the intestinal mucosa of rats from PTG-induced damage, by preventing the reduction of the expression of the intercellular junction proteins. Consequently, a role for L.GG in the therapeutic management of the gluten-related disorders in humans could be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Orlando
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy.
| | - Michele Linsalata
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy.
| | - Giusy Bianco
- Animal Facility, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy.
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy.
| | - Benedetta D'Attoma
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy.
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy.
| | - Angela Tafaro
- Animal Facility, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy.
| | - Francesco Russo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis" Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy.
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Tutino V, DE Nunzio V, Tafaro A, Bianco G, Gigante I, Scavo MP, D'Alessandro R, Refolo MG, Messa C, Caruso MG, Notarnicola M. Cannabinoid Receptor-1 Up-regulation in Azoxymethane (AOM)-treated Mice After Dietary Treatment with Quercetin. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:4485-4491. [PMID: 30061214 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The expression of cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1-R) seems to be modulated by bioactive natural components such as the flavonoid quercetin. The aim of this study was to determine in an animal model of induced-colon cancer, whether quercetin inhibits colon carcinogenesis through changes in the expression of CB1-R. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned to standard diet or experimental diet supplemented with 0.5% quercetin. Azoxymethane (AOM) (10 mg/kg body weight) or saline solution (PBS) was intraperitoneally injected, once weekly for 6 weeks. RESULTS The diet supplemented with quercetin induced CB1-R gene expression and protein, inhibiting the protein levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 (both mediators of cell proliferation). Dietary quercetin also caused a significant increase in Bax/Bcl2 ratio protein expression. CONCLUSION The anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of quercetin in AOM-treated mice are mediated by induction of the protein and gene expression levels of CB1-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina DE Nunzio
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Tafaro
- Animal Facility, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giusy Bianco
- Animal Facility, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- Animal Facility, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosalba D'Alessandro
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Refolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Messa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
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Notarnicola M, Tutino V, Tafaro A, Bianco G, Guglielmi E, Caruso MG. Dietary olive oil induces cannabinoid CB2 receptor expression in adipose tissue of Apc Min/+ transgenic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4:73-80. [PMID: 28035344 PMCID: PMC5166557 DOI: 10.3233/nha-160008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cannabinoid- 2 (CB2) receptor is known for its anti-obesity effects silencing the activated immune cells that are key drivers of metabolic syndrome and inflammation. Nutritional interventions in experimental models of carcinogenesis have been demonstrated to modulate tissue inflammation state and proliferation. OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to test, in ApcMin/+ mice, whether a diet enriched with olive oil, omega- 3 and omega-6- PUFAs affects the adipose tissue inflammation status. METHODS: Four groups of animal were studied: ST group, receiving a standard diet; OO group, receiving the standard diet in which soybean oil (source of fats) was replaced with olive oil; OM-3 group, receiving the standard diet in which soybean oil was replaced with salmon oil; OM-6 group, receiving the standard diet in which soybean oil was replaced with oenothera oil. Gene and protein expression, in adipose tissue, were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western Blotting, respectively. Enzymatic activities were assayed by fluorescent and radiometric method, where appropriated. RESULTS: The diet enriched with olive oil significantly induced CB2 receptor expression and it was able to control inflammatory and proliferative activity of mice adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings open opportunities for developing novel nutritional strategies considering olive oil a key ingredient of a healthy dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases "S. de Bellis" , Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases "S. de Bellis" , Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Tafaro
- Laboratory of Animal Facility, National Institute for Digestive Diseases "S. de Bellis" , Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giusy Bianco
- Laboratory of Animal Facility, National Institute for Digestive Diseases "S. de Bellis" , Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Emilia Guglielmi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases "S. de Bellis" , Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases "S. de Bellis" , Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
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Notarnicola M, Barone M, Francavilla A, Tutino V, Bianco G, Tafaro A, Minoia M, Polimeno L, Napoli A, Scavo MP, Caruso MG. Lovastatin, but not orlistat, reduces intestinal polyp volume in an ApcMin/+ mouse model. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:893-9. [PMID: 27277576 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoAR) and orlistat, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS), inhibit tumor cell growth by restricting cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis, respectively. We previously demonstrated that an omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)- or olive oil-enriched diet reduced the polyp number and volume in ApcMin/+ mice. This phenomenon was associated with a significant inhibition of FAS and HMGCoAR, as well as an increase in the estrogen receptor (ER)β/α ratio. Herein, we evaluated the effect of lovastatin and orlistat on polyp development and ER expression in ApcMin/+ mice, in order to confirm previous data obtained with ω‑3-PUFAs and olive oil. As expected, the use of lovastatin and orlistat significantly reduced HMGCoAR and FAS enzymatic activities and gene expression in colonic tissues, but did not affect the number of intestinal polyps, while there was a statistically significant reduction in polyp volume only in the mouse group treated with lovastatin. In the mice receiving orlistat, we observed a significant increase in cell proliferation in the polyp tissue, as well as enhanced expression of ERα. Moreover, the overexpression of ERα was associated with a statistically significant increase in PES1, Shh and Gli1 protein levels, considered ERα-related molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Francavilla
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giusy Bianco
- Animal Facility, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Tafaro
- Animal Facility, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Minoia
- Animal Facility, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Polimeno
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Napoli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
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Francavilla A, Pesetti B, Barone M, Morgano A, Bovenga F, Napoli A, Resta L, Russo F, Linsalata M, Minoia M, Bianco G, Tafaro A, Polimeno L. Transient GFER knockdown in vivo impairs liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:343-51. [PMID: 24880092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Augmenter of Liver Regeneration is a protein encoded by the Growth Factor Erv1-Like gene. Its biological properties are crucial for cell survival since knock-out mice for Growth Factor Erv1-Like gene do not survive. In this study, we injected hepatotropic adenoviral particles harboring oligonucleotide sequences against Growth Factor Erv1-Like gene into 70% partially hepatectomized rats and studied the effect of gene silencing on the progression liver regeneration. METHODS Partially hepatectomized rats were divided into three groups of animals and, before surgery, received either phosphate buffer saline, or adenoviral particles alone or adenoviral particles harboring the oligonucleotide silencing sequence. In each group, rats were sacrificed at 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery. Liver tissues were collected to analyze the expression of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration, Bax, Bcl-2 and activated Caspase-9 and -3, as well as hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, polyamines levels and histological and ultrastructural features. RESULTS Growth Factor Erv1-Like gene silencing reduced the compensatory hepatocellular proliferation triggered by surgery through (i) the reduction of polyamines synthesis, hepatocyte proliferation and anti-apoptotic gene expression and (ii) the increase of pro-apoptotic gene expression and caspase activation. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, using a technique of gene silencing in vivo, our results demonstrate that Growth Factor Erv1-Like gene knock-down, i.e., the lack of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration, modifies the expression of genes involved in cell apoptosis and inhibits early phase of DNA synthesis. As a consequence, a promotion of cell death and a reduction of cell proliferation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Barone
- Section of Gastroenterology, DMSS, University of Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Napoli
- Section of Anatomy Pathology, DETO, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Resta
- Section of Anatomy Pathology, DETO, University of Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Minoia
- IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giusy Bianco
- IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Tafaro
- IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Polimeno
- IRCCS "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy; Section of Gastroenterology, DETO, University of Bari, Italy; Center Interdept. of Res. on Gastroent. and Hepat. of Age of Development (CIRGEEE), University of Bari, Italy
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9
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Triggiani V, Resta F, Giagulli V, Iovino M, Licchelli B, Pergola G, Tafaro A, Benigno M, Sabba C, Guastamacchia E. Parathyroid Hormone Determination in Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspirates Allows the Differentiation between Thyroid and Parathyroid Lesions: Our Experience and Review of the Literature. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2014; 13:351-8. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530313666140108125645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Notarnicola M, Caruso MG, Tafaro A, Tutino V, Bianco G, Minoia M, Francavilla A. Dietary-suppression of hepatic lipogenic enzyme expression in intact male transgenic mice. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:8671-8677. [PMID: 24379585 PMCID: PMC3870513 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i46.8671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study, in intact male transgenic mice, the effects of three diets based on olive oil and olive oil diet supplemented with lovastatin and orlistat on hepatic lipogenic enzymes expression, considered markers of cell proliferation.
METHODS: Forty ApcMin/+ mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed for 10 wk: olive oil (OO) group, n = 10 animals received a diet with olive oil 12%; olive oil plus lovastatin (LOVA) group, n = 10 animals received the same diet with olive oil supplemented with lovastatin 5 mg/kg; olive oil plus orlistat (OR) group, n = 10 animals fed the diet with olive oil supplemented with orlistat 50 mg/kg and SD group, n = 10 animals fed a standard diet. The activity of lipogenic enzymes and their gene expression were evaluated by radiometric and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, respectively.
RESULTS: After 10 wk of dietary treatment, the body weight was no different among animal groups (21.3 ± 3.1 g for standard group, 22.1 ± 3.6 g for OO group, 22.0 ± 3.2 g for LOVA group and 20.7 ± 3.4 g for OR group, data expressed as mean ± SD), observing a generalized well-being in all animals. All the dietary managed treated groups presented significantly reduced hepatic levels of fatty acid synthase, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase and 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase activity and gene expression when compared with the mice fed the standard diet. To evaluate cell proliferation in the liver of treated mice, the levels of cyclin E mRNA have been measured, demonstrating a significant reduction of cyclin E gene expression in all treated groups. Evidence of reduced hepatic cell proliferation was present overall in OO group mice.
CONCLUSION: We confirm the role of lipogenic enzymes as markers of cell proliferation, suggesting that appropriate dietary management alone or with drugs can be a feasible approach to counteract hepatic cell proliferation in mice.
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11
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Notarnicola M, Tutino V, Tafaro A, Amatulli F, Caruso MG. Antitumorigenic effect of dietary natural compounds via lipid metabolism modulation in Apc(Min/+) mice. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:3739-3744. [PMID: 24023304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a diet supplementation with either olive oil, or n-3 or n-6-polyunsaturatedFatty acids (PUFAs) on tumour development and gene expression for lipogenic enzymes in Apc(Min/+) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the control group, the mice received a standard diet, the OO group was fed on a diet with 12% olive oil, the OM-3 group with 12% salmon fish rich in n-3 PUFAs, the OM-6 group with 12% oenothera oil rich in n-6 PUFAs. Gene expression of lipogenic enzymes was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS All mice in the treated groups presented a reduction in total intestinal polyp number and load, which was particularly marked in the OM-3 group. Treated mice showed an induction of low density lipoprotein receptor gene expression and a significant reduction of expression of lipogenic gene. CONCLUSION Our data provide new insights into the mechanism of cell growth inhibition and apoptotic regulation by dietary olive oil and PUFAs in Apc(Min/+) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.
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12
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Carr BI, Cavallini A, Lippolis C, D'Alessandro R, Messa C, Refolo MG, Tafaro A. Fluoro-Sorafenib (Regorafenib) effects on hepatoma cells: growth inhibition, quiescence, and recovery. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:292-7. [PMID: 22777740 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the growth-inhibitory properties of the potent multi-kinase antagonist Regorafenib (Fluoro-Sorafenib), which was synthesized as a more potent Sorafenib, a Raf inhibitor and to determine whether similar mechanisms were involved, human hepatoma cell lines were grown in the presence or absence of Regorafanib and examined for growth inhibition. Western blots were performed for Raf targets, apoptosis, and autophagy. Regorafenib inhibited growth of human Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5, and HepG2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Multiple signaling pathways were altered, including MAP kinases phospho-ERK and phospho-JNK and its target phospho-c-Jun. There was evidence for apoptosis by FACS, cleavage of caspases and increased Bax levels; as well as induction of autophagy, as judged by increased Beclin-1 and LC3 (II) levels. Prolonged drug exposure resulted in cell quiescence. Full growth recovery occurred after drug removal, unlike with doxorubicin chemotherapy. Regorafenib is a potent inhibitor of cell growth. Cells surviving Regorafenib treatment remain viable, but quiescent and capable of regrowth following drug removal. The reversibility of tumor cell growth suppression after drug removal may have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian I Carr
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS Saverio de Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Italy.
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13
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Triggiani V, Angelo Giagulli V, Tafaro A, Resta F, Sabba C, Licchelli B, Guastamacchia E. Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Intestinal Polyposis Syndromes. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2012; 12:377-81. [DOI: 10.2174/187153012803832558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Carr BI, Messa C, Cavallini A, D'Allesandro R, Refolo MG, Lippolis C, Tafaro A. Abstract 2825: Regorafenib and Sorafenib induce reversible quiescence in human hepatoma cells. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The actions of the multikinase inhibitor Sorafenib (Soraf) and its more potent fluoro-analog, Regorafenib (Regoraf) were examined on human Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells in vitro. IC50 was 7.5 µM for Soraf and 5.0 µM for Regoraf. Both agents required 48 hr. exposure to cells for maximal growth inhibitory effects measured by MTT at 96 hr. Evidence was found for Regoraf-induced apoptosis (max. 25% by FACS at 48 hr. and 45% decrease in Bcl-2 and BcL-xL), non-classical autophagy (50% increase in Beclin-1, without change in LC3 I/II ratio) and cell signaling changes (decreased p-ERK, increased p-JNK and p-Jun). In addition to growth inhibition, quiescence was observed for up to 6 wk. in the presence of prolonged drug exposure. Furthermore, after 1 wk. of drug-mediated inhibition, removal of either Soraf or Regoraf resulted in normal cell proliferation (recovery), unlike treatment with TGFβ 1µM or doxorubicin 0.1µM for 48 hr., after which no recovery was seen. The data are consistent with multiple mechanisms and pathways being altered during Regoraf-mediated growth inhibition and the induction of both quiescence and recovery after withdrawal of either Soraf or Regoraf, which have clinical implications.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2825. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2825
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Amati L, Marzulli G, Martulli M, Tafaro A, Jirillo F, Pugliese V, Martemucci G, D'Alessandro AG, Jirillo E. Donkey and goat milk intake and modulation of the human aged immune response. Curr Pharm Des 2010; 16:864-9. [PMID: 20388099 DOI: 10.2174/138161210790883651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a group of 14 healthy aged subjects, donkey and goat milk was administered respectively, for a period of one month. Cytokine profile [interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha] was assessed before and after milk intake by means of a cytometric bead array test. Data demonstrated that IL-12 was undetectable, while IL-10, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were released in very low amounts. Quite interestingly, IL-8 was increased by donkey milk administration, while same cytokine was dramatically decreased following goat milk intake. Same pattern of response was noted with IL-6 even if levels of these cytokine were lower than those detectable in the case of IL-8. Taken together, these findings indicate that administration of donkey milk in the aged host is able to upregulate the immune response, while goat milk seems to reduce the exaggerated acute phase response in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Amati
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
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16
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Solarino B, Di Vella G, Magrone T, Jirillo F, Tafaro A, Piscitelli D, Casiello M, Amati L, Jirillo E, Tattoli L. Postmortem morphology and viability of human Peyer's patches in distal ileum: a technical note. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 31:563-9. [PMID: 19874223 DOI: 10.3109/08923970902821710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa contains a highly specialized immune system which plays a central role in the induction of immune reactions. In the small bowel, Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) is organized in lymphoid aggregates which are known as Peyer's Patches (PP). Even though human PP involvement in systemic immunity has been described, little is known about their anatomy and morphology and viability. The aim of this study was to examine PP according to their macroscopic anatomy, distribution and cell viability after death. Specimens from the distal ileum were obtained from 72 serial autopsy cases: PP were identified and, parts of them were analyzed for histological examination. Moreover, viability of recovered PP cells was assessed by the trypan blue exclusion test. Most of the PP (90%) were situated on the antimesenteric border of ileum, and the greatest density of PP occurred in the most distal segment. The number of PP varied with age, with the maximum number observed in 21- to 30-years old cadavers. Histological examination showed their remarkable architectural preservation at different post-mortem intervals (PMI), while the mucosal surface underwent autolysis. In 56% of cases PP cells were still viable, especially at PMI < 24 hours after death. These data confirm that human PP are still well preserved in a remarkable percentage of cadavers also several hours after death, and their availability may be helpful in various fields of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Solarino
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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17
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Solarino B, Di Vella G, Magrone T, Jirillo F, Tafaro A, Piscitelli D, Casiello M, Amati L, Jirillo E, Tattoli L. Post-mortem Peyer’s patches: Their potential application in forensic medicine. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 31:570-6. [DOI: 10.3109/08923970902902437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Solarino B, Di Vella G, Magrone T, Jirillo F, Tafaro A, Piscitelli D, Casiello M, Amati L, Jirillo E, Tattoli L. Post-mortem Peyer’s patches: Their potential application in forensic medicine. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970902902437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Solarino B, Di Vella G, Magrone T, Jirillo F, Tafaro A, Piscitelli D, Casiello M, Amati L, Jirillo E, Tattoli L. Postmortem morphology and viability of human Peyer’s Patches in distal ileum: A technical note. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970902821710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Jirillo E, Marzulli G, Jirillo F, Tafaro A, Kaneko M, Kumazawa Y, Amati L. Immunological effects of polyphenols contained in Fermented Grape Marc (FGM) on human healthy peripheral blood cells. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.571.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Jirillo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Castellana GrotteBariItaly
- Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - G. Marzulli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Castellana GrotteBariItaly
| | - F. Jirillo
- Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - A. Tafaro
- Immunology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - M. Kaneko
- Department of BiosciencesSchool of ScienceKitasato UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Y. Kumazawa
- Department of BiosciencesSchool of ScienceKitasato UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - L. Amati
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Castellana GrotteBariItaly
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Magrone T, Tafaro A, Jirillo F, Amati L, Jirillo E, Covelli V. Elicitation of Immune Responsiveness Against Antigenic Challenge in Age- Related Diseases: Effects of Red Wine Polyphenols. Curr Pharm Des 2008; 14:2749-57. [DOI: 10.2174/138161208786264043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Tafaro A, Magrone T, Jirillo F, Martemucci G, D'Alessandro AG, Amati L, Jirillo E. Immunological properties of donkey's milk: its potential use in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2008; 13:3711-7. [PMID: 18220810 DOI: 10.2174/138161207783018590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Donkey's milk is the best substitute of human milk for its content in lactose, proteins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Here, we have evaluated the effects of colostrum and milk from donkeys (Martina Franca breed) on the function of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at different intervals from lactation. Colostrum induced more IgA responses, while milk induced predominantly more IgG responses. Both milk and colostrum induced expression of CD25 and CD69 on PBMCs. The ability to induce release of interleukins (IL) (IL-12, IL-1 beta and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha was confined only to milk, while colostrum was devoid of this capacity. Finally, both colostrum and milk induced nitric oxide (NO) release from PBMCs but milk exhibited a greater capacity than colostrum in NO generation. Taken together, these immunological activities exerted by both colostrum and milk from donkeys may be useful in the treatment of human immune-related diseases. In particular, NO induction by donkey's milk may be very useful in the prevention of atherosclerosis, being a strong vasodilator and an effective antimicrobial agent since pathogens and/or their products may play a proatherogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tafaro
- Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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23
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Magrone T, Tafaro A, Jirillo F, Panaro M, Cuzzuol P, Cuzzuol A, Pugliese V, Amati L, Jirillo E, Covelli V. Red Wine Consumption and Prevention of Atherosclerosis: An In Vitro Model Using Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2007; 13:3718-25. [DOI: 10.2174/138161207783018581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Duverger A, Jackson RJ, van Ginkel FW, Fischer R, Tafaro A, Leppla SH, Fujihashi K, Kiyono H, McGhee JR, Boyaka PN. Bacillus anthracis edema toxin acts as an adjuvant for mucosal immune responses to nasally administered vaccine antigens. J Immunol 2006; 176:1776-83. [PMID: 16424208 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anthrax edema toxin (EdTx) is an AB-type toxin that binds to anthrax toxin receptors on target cells via the binding subunit, protective Ag (PA). Edema factor, the enzymatic A subunit of EdTx, is an adenylate cyclase. We found that nasal delivery of EdTx enhanced systemic immunity to nasally coadministered OVA and resulted in high OVA-specific plasma IgA and IgG (mainly IgG1 and IgG2b). The edema factor also enhanced immunity to the binding PA subunit itself and promoted high levels of plasma IgG and IgA responses as well as neutralizing PA Abs. Mice given OVA and EdTx also exhibited both PA- and OVA-specific IgA and IgG Ab responses in saliva as well as IgA Ab responses in vaginal washes. EdTx as adjuvant triggered OVA- and PA-specific + T cells which secreted IFN-gamma and selected Th2-type cytokines. The EdTx up-regulated costimulatory molecule expression by APCs but was less effective than cholera toxin for inducing IL-6 responses either by APCs in vitro or in nasal washes in vivo. Finally, nasally administered EdTx did not target CNS tissues and did not induce IL-1 mRNA responses in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoepithelial tissue or in the olfactory bulb epithelium. Thus, EdTx derivatives could represent an alternative to the ganglioside-binding enterotoxin adjuvants and provide new tools for inducing protective immunity to PA-based anthrax vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Duverger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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25
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Boyaka PN, Tafaro A, Fischer R, Fujihashi K, Jirillo E, McGhee JR. Therapeutic manipulation of the immune system: enhancement of innate and adaptive mucosal immunity. Curr Pharm Des 2003; 9:1965-72. [PMID: 12871182 DOI: 10.2174/1381612033454225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system has evolved alongside, but separate, from the general systemic immune system. As a major consequence of this dichotomy, only immune responses initiated in mucosal inductive sites can result in effective immunity in mucosal tissues themselves. Oral tolerance, as usually assessed as orally-induced systemic unresponsiveness, contributes to mucosal homoeostasis by preventing unwanted immune reactions to food or environmental antigens. It is now established that tolerance can also be induced by the nasal route and mucosally-induced tolerance is being actively investigated for immune therapy against a number of diseases. Nontoxic derivatives of cholera toxin and the heat labile toxin of Escherichia coli as well as chimeric enterotoxins have been developed. These molecules retain the mucosal adjuvant activity of native enterotoxins and are effective at inducing targeted Th1 or Th2- type immune responses. Mucosal delivery of cytokines as adjuvants represents a safer alternative to parenteral cytokine injection. Nasally administered cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-12 or chemokines including RANTES, lymphotactin, MIP-1 beta, all act as mucosal adjuvants for co-administered antigens. Each of these cytokines promote specific pattern of CD4(+) T helper cell cytokine responses that could be exploited for targeted immune therapy. Although GALT and NALT are both parts of the Common Mucosal Immune System, there are major differences between orally and nasally induced immune responses. Nasal vaccines more effectively promote protective immunity in the genitourinary tract than do oral vaccines. In addition, aging affects mucosal tolerance or immunity in GALT more than is seen in NALT. Therapeutic manipulation of mucosal immunity involves regulation of CD4(+) T cell cytokine responses and thus, should require a careful examination of the host status, including the occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Microbiology, and The Immunobiology Vaccine Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2170, USA.
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Boyaka PN, Tafaro A, Fischer R, Leppla SH, Fujihashi K, McGhee JR. Effective mucosal immunity to anthrax: neutralizing antibodies and Th cell responses following nasal immunization with protective antigen. J Immunol 2003; 170:5636-43. [PMID: 12759444 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.11.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal, but not parenteral, immunization induces immune responses in both systemic and secretory immune compartments. Thus, despite the reports that Abs to the protective Ag of anthrax (PA) have both anti-toxin and anti-spore activities, a vaccine administered parenterally, such as the aluminum-adsorbed anthrax vaccine, will most likely not induce the needed mucosal immunity to efficiently protect the initial site of infection with inhaled anthrax spores. We therefore took a nasal anthrax vaccine approach to attempt to induce protective immunity both at mucosal surfaces and in the peripheral immune compartment. Mice nasally immunized with recombinant PA (rPA) and cholera toxin (CT) as mucosal adjuvant developed high plasma PA-specific IgG Ab responses. Plasma IgA Abs as well as secretory IgA anti-PA Abs in saliva, nasal washes, and fecal extracts were also induced when a higher dose of rPA was used. The anti-PA IgG subclass responses to nasal rPA plus CT consisted of IgG1 and IgG2b Abs. A more balanced profile of IgG subclasses with IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b Abs was seen when rPA was given with a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide as adjuvant, suggesting a role for the adjuvants in the nasal rPA-induced immunity. The PA-specific CD4(+) T cells from mice nasally immunized with rPA and CT as adjuvant secreted low levels of CD4(+) Th1-type cytokines in vitro, but exhibited elevated IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 responses. The functional significance of the anti-PA Ab responses was established in an in vitro macrophage toxicity assay in which both plasma and mucosal secretions neutralized the lethal effects of Bacillus anthracis toxin.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Inhalation
- Animals
- Anthrax/immunology
- Anthrax/microbiology
- Anthrax Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Anthrax Vaccines/genetics
- Anthrax Vaccines/immunology
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial
- Bacterial Toxins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cholera Toxin/administration & dosage
- Cholera Toxin/immunology
- Feces/chemistry
- Feces/microbiology
- Female
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mouth Mucosa/immunology
- Mouth Mucosa/metabolism
- Mouth Mucosa/microbiology
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Nasal Mucosa/metabolism
- Nasal Mucosa/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/microbiology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Microbiology and Oral Biology, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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27
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Passantino L, Patruno R, Cianciotta A, Passantino G, Tafaro A, Gadaleta C, Ranieri G. A phylogenetic comparison between acute monocytic leukemia cells and monocytes-macrophages in lower vertebrates. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2003; 25:87-99. [PMID: 12675202 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120018286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In humans, monocytes and macrophages (Mphi) play a central role in immune regulation, tissue maintenance and pathogen control. In lower vertebrates, a few studies have been conducted on Mphi like cells. In acute monocytic leukemia monocytic cells, as immature cells restrained in one of the phases of their ontogenesis, would offer the opportunity to rebuild an archaic condition helpful to understand the phylogenesis. Therefore, aim of this work was to characterize in the Rainbow trout (Salmo Gairdneri Richardson) Mphi and compare them with acute leukemia monocytic cells. In the trout, Mphi's morphology is similar to that of mammals. In particular, Mphi possess an irregular embryoshaped nucleus occupying 2/3 of the cell, while the peripheral cytoplasmic profile is irregular with extroflexed plasmalemma and pseudopods. A morphological transition towards Mphi is featured by a wavy hyaline classical membrane and an irregular and extroflexed surface. Some aspects of erythrophagocytosis represented a finding of great interest indicating that the hemocatheretic function could take place directly in circulation. This condition, also observed in human acute monocytic leukemia, suggests that the information to the erythrophagocytosis is restrained under physiological conditions. Non-specific esterases, which are positive in human Mphi smear and Mphi from human lymph node tissue, were also positive in the teleost studied but with a dysomogeneous pattern. Consequently non-specific esterase system is phylogenetically conserved. A lack of immune-reactivity with the anti-CD68 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) on smear and trout tissue sections was observed. On the contrary, strong positivity was detected on human lymph node sections. In trout, the presence of Mphi and circulating Mphi like cells exhibiting an erythrocatheretic function in the circulation would indicate a primordial function that has later been replaced by the liver and the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Passantino
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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28
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Passantino L, Tafaro A, Altamura M, Arena R, Passantino GF, Jirillo E. Fish immunology. II. Morphologycal and cytochemical characterization and phagocytic activities of head kidney macrophages from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2002; 24:679-91. [PMID: 12510798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
In Salmo gairdneri Richardson trouts, a comparison was made between macrophages (MO) derived from head kidney and peripheral blood monocytes. Morphologically and cytochemically no differences were observed between these two types of mononucleated cells. On the other hand, in parallel studies the ability of trout erythrocytes to engulf Candida albicans (CA) was evaluated and compared to the MO phagocytosis. In erythrocytes, engulfment is preceded by binding to CA and cell membrane invagination, while this was not the case for MO. Finally, MO stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) did not modify their phagocytic capacities, thus suggesting a lack of LPS receptors or a tolerance to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Passantino
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, University of Bari, Italy.
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29
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Passantino L, Altamura M, Cianciotta A, Patruno R, Tafaro A, Jirillo E, Passantino GF. Fish immunology. I. Binding and engulfment of Candida albicans by erythrocytes of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2002; 24:665-78. [PMID: 12510797 DOI: 10.1081/iph-120016050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of fish erythrocytes (FE) as phagocytic cells has poorly been investigated, until now. Here, we have focussed our attention on the interplay between rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) erythrocytes and Candida albicans (CA). At the same time, the intervention of autologous head kidney macrophages (MO) in the CA processing by FE has been studied. Data show that CA particles bind to FE, which, in turn, are able to engulf but not kill them. In the presence of MO, a decrease of FE with bound CA occurs and, in some microscopic images, FE form rosettes with MO. Phagocytosis of CA is higher in rosetting MO than in non-rosetting ones. According to our findings, it appears that FE represent a reservoir of engulfed CA and rosetting is an efficacious phenomenon of presentation of pathogens to MO, where an effective clearance of them can take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Passantino
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Italy
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30
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Decaro N, Altamura M, Pratelli A, Pepe M, Tinelli A, Casale D, Martella V, Tafaro A, Camero M, Elia G, Tempesta M, Jirillo E, Buonavoglia C. Evaluation of the innate immune response in pups during canine parvovirus type 1 infection. New Microbiol 2002; 25:291-8. [PMID: 12173770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
In two pups (A and B) naturally infected with canine parvovirus type 1 (CPV1) phagocytic responses were evaluated over a period of two weeks (day 0 = T0; day 3 = T1; day 7 = T2; day 14 = T3). CPV1 infection led to a marked reduction of monocyte (MO) phagocytosis in both pups. Also MO killing was impaired and in pup B this function was totally absent. Polymorphonuclear (PMN) phagocytosis values of both pups fluctuated within normal ranges, as well as PMN killing of pup A. In pup B, killing exerted by PMN was absent at T0, then increased but again dropped below normal ranges at T3. The described alterations of phagocytic functions may be regarded as possible viral mechanisms of immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Decaro
- Department of Health and Animal Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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31
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Altamura M, Tafaro A, Casale D, Pepe M, Colella R, Jirillo E, Venezia P. A comparative study between conventional and laparoscopic cholecystectomy: evaluation of phagocytic and T-cell-mediated antibacterial activities. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002; 34:135-40. [PMID: 11782606 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200202000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, many reports have pointed out that open, but not minimally invasive, cholecystectomy was associated with reduced immune functions. Also, after laparoscopic surgery, a reduced impairment of T cell functions and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were found in comparison with those detected in patients who underwent conventional cholecystectomy. We investigated polymorphonuclear cell- and monocyte-mediated phagocytosis and killing and T-cell-mediated antibacterial activity in 12 patients who underwent open cholecystectomy versus another group of 12 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Our data show that polymorphonuclear and monocyte killing activities are preserved or are less affected in patients who undergo laparoscopy when compared with patients who undergo conventional operation. On the other hand, in both groups of patients, T-cell-mediated antibacterial activity was significantly reduced in the preoperative period, and, therefore, we could not draw conclusions on the effects of the surgical techniques used on the above immune parameter. The overall data suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a valid alternative to open surgery because of the moderate postoperative immune suppression and decreased risk of postsurgical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Altamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Altamura M, Casale D, Pepe M, Tafaro A. Immune responses to fungal infections and therapeutic implications. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 2001; 1:189-97. [PMID: 12477285 DOI: 10.2174/1568008013341118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Host responses to fungi result from a coordinate interplay between innate and adaptative immune system. Neutrophils and monocytes are involved in the non specific clearance of yeasts (e.g. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans), while T helper 1 type responses are protective via release of interferon gamma. By contrast, T helper 2 responses (IL-4 and IL 10 release) correlate with disease exacerbation and pathology. IL-12 production which enhances T helper 1 type responses seem to exert a beneficial role in the course of Candida infection. In particular, its production from neutrophilis may support memory T helper 1 cell responses of the fungus. With respect to anti-Candida vaccines several approaches are in progress, such as use of heat-killed Candida albicans in combination with adjuvants, purified peptides and proteins and immunogenic peptide-lipid conjugates. Furthermore, exogenous IL-12 may play an important role in inducing a T helper 1 anticandidal response, also replacing neutrophils in neutropenic patients. At the same time, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor has exhibited therapeutic efficacy in experimental and human models of fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Altamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunolgy and Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Italy.
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Altamura M, Pepe M, Tafaro A, Munno I, Bertolino A, Labriola D, Vacca A, Jirillo E, Nardini M. A syndrome characterized by psychiatric disorders, recurrent mucosal infections and natural immunity deficits: clinical approach. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2001; 23:303-6. [PMID: 11417856 DOI: 10.1081/iph-100103868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The authors summarize their own previous work on the identification of a subset of patients characterized by psychiatric disorders, recurrency of mucosal infections and impaired natural immunity. The diagnostic approach to these patients based on the close collaboration between infectivologists, immunologists and psychiatrists is described with the aim to find out combined treatments for the amelioration of clinical manifestations.
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Pratelli A, Altamura M, Buonavoglia D, Pepe M, Tafaro A, Lembo A, Cirone F, Tempesta M, Jirillo E, Buonavoglia C. Evaluation of the natural immunity in pups inoculated with a modified-live canine parvovirus type 2b (CPV-2b) strain. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2000; 22:451-64. [PMID: 10946825 DOI: 10.3109/08923970009026005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Three pups 2-4 months old were vaccinated subcutaneously with the modified live canine parvovirus, CPV-2b/29-97 strain. During an observation period of two weeks pups remained clinically health, exhibiting a vigorous post-vaccinal active serological response (haemoagglutinating inhibiting antibody titers for CPV-2 ranging from 1:2560 to 1:5120 at 21 days post inoculation). Phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans exerted by polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes did not undergo significant modifications 3-6 days post vaccination up to 30 days. Antibacterial activity mediated by peripheral blood lymphocytes (Salmonella typhi was used as a target) was slightly, but not significantly decreased 3 days post vaccination. Conclusively, in pups the CPV type 2b vaccine seems to be safe as far as natural immune responses are concerned, while its immunogenicity is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pratelli
- Department of Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
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