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Adel M, Allam A, Sayour AE, Ragai HF, Umezu S, Fath El-Bab AMR. Design and development of a portable low-cost QCM-based system for liquid biosensing. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:11. [PMID: 38236465 PMCID: PMC10796497 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a versatile sensing platform that has gained increasing attention for its use in bioapplications due to its high sensitivity, real-time measurement capabilities, and label-free detection. This article presents a portable QCM system for liquid biosensing that uses a modified Hartley oscillator to drive 14 mm-diameter commercial QCM sensors. The system is designed to be low-cost, easy to use, and highly sensitive, making it ideal for various bioapplications. A new flow cell design to deliver samples to the surface of the sensor has been designed, fabricated, and tested. For portability and miniaturization purposes, a micropump-based pumping system is used in the current system. The system has a built-in temperature controller allowing for accurate frequency measurements. In addition, the system can be used in benchtop mode. The capability of the present system to be used in liquid biosensing is demonstrated through an experimental test for sensitivity to changes in the viscosity of glycerol samples. It was found to have a sensitivity of 263.51 Hz/mPa.s using a 10 MHz QCM sensor. Future work regarding potential applications was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adel
- Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Cairo, 11792, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Allam
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Sayour
- Molecular Biomimetics Research Group, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Hani F Ragai
- Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Shinjiro Umezu
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ahmed M R Fath El-Bab
- Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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Adel M, Allam A, Sayour AE, Ragai HF, Umezu S, Fath El-Bab AMR. Fabrication of Spiral Low-Cost Microchannel with Trapezoidal Cross Section for Cell Separation Using a Grayscale Approach. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1340. [PMID: 37512651 PMCID: PMC10384897 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Trapezoidal cross-sectional spiral microfluidic channels showed high resolution and throughput in cell separation in bio-applications. The main challenges are the complexity and high cost of the fabrication process of trapezoidal cross-sectional channels on the micro-scale. In this work, we present the application of grayscale in microfluidic channel design to overcome the complexity of the fabrication process. We also use direct engraving with a CO2 laser beam on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material to drastically reduce the microfluidic chip's cost (to <30 cents) and fabrication time (to 20 min). The capability of the present fabrication methodology for cell sorting applications is demonstrated through experimental tests for the separation of white blood cells (WBCs) from whole blood at different dilution factors. The experimental results indicated that an 800 µL/min flow rate provided the optimal separation efficiency using the fabricated chip. A 90.14% separation efficiency at 1% hematocrit diluted blood sample was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adel
- Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Cairo 11792, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Allam
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Sayour
- Molecular Biomimetics Research Group, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hani F Ragai
- Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Shinjiro Umezu
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ahmed M R Fath El-Bab
- Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Holzer K, Wareth G, El-Diasty M, Abdel-Hamid NH, Hamdy MER, Moustafa SA, Linde J, Bartusch F, Abdel-Glil MY, Sayour AE, Elbauomy EM, Elhadidy M, Melzer F, Beyer W. Tracking the distribution, genetic diversity and lineage of Brucella melitensis recovered from humans and animals in Egypt based on core-genome SNP analysis and in silico MLVA-16. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3952-3963. [PMID: 36383491 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common neglected zoonotic diseases globally, with a public health significance and a high economic loss in the livestock industry caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella. In this study, 136 Egyptian Brucella melitensis strains isolated from animals and humans between 2001 and 2020 were analysed by examining the whole-core-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) in comparison to the in silico multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-16). Almost all Egyptian isolates were belonging to the West Mediterranean clade, except two isolates from buffalo and camel were belonging to the American and East Mediterranean clades, respectively. A significant correlation between the human case of brucellosis and the possible source of infection from animals was found. It seems that several outbreak strains already existing for many years have been spread over long distances and between many governorates. The cgSNP analysis, in combination with epidemiological metadata, allows a better differentiation than the MLVA-16 genotyping method and, hence, the source definition and tracking of outbreak strains. The MLVA based on the currently used 16 markers is not suitable for this task. Our results revealed 99 different cgSNP genotypes with many different outbreak strains, both older and widely distributed ones and rather newly introduced ones as well. This indicates several different incidents and sources of infections, probably by imported animals from other countries to Egypt. Comparing our panel of isolates to public databases by cgSNP analysis, the results revealed near relatives from Italy. Moreover, near relatives from the United States, France, Austria and India were found by in silico MLVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Holzer
- Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany.,Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Diasty
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nour H Abdel-Hamid
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E R Hamdy
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shawky A Moustafa
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | - Jörg Linde
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Bartusch
- IT Center (ZDV), High-Performance and Cloud Computing Group, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mostafa Y Abdel-Glil
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Ashraf E Sayour
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Essam M Elbauomy
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Institute for Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Beyer
- Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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El-Husseini DM, Sayour AE, Melzer F, Mohamed MF, Neubauer H, Tammam RH. Generation and Selection of Specific Aptamers Targeting Brucella Species through an Enhanced Cell-SELEX Methodology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116131. [PMID: 35682807 PMCID: PMC9180945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellae are Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile coccobacilli causing brucellosis in man and animals. The disease is one of the most significant yet neglected global zoonoses. Especially in developing countries, brucellosis is causing public health problems and economic losses to private animal owners and national revenues. Composed of oligonucleotides, aptamers are chemical analogues of antibodies that are promising components for developing aptamer-based rapid, sensitive, and specific tests to identify the Brucella group of bacteria. For this purpose, aptamers were generated and selected by an enhanced protocol of cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (cell-SELEX). This enhanced cell-SELEX procedure involved the combination of both conventional and toggle cell-SELEX to boost the specificity and binding affinity to whole Brucella cells. This procedure, combined with high-throughput sequencing of the resulting aptamer pools, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, and wet lab validation assays, led to the selection of a highly sensitive and specific aptamer for those Brucella species known to circulate in Egypt. The isolated candidate aptamer showed dissociation constant (KD) values of 43.5 ± 11, 61.5 ± 8, and 56 ± 10.8 nM for B. melitensis, B. abortus, and B. suis, respectively. This is the first development of a Brucella-specific aptamer using an enhanced combination of conventional and toggle cell-SELEX to the authors’ best knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M. El-Husseini
- Biotechnology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: (D.M.E.-H.); (F.M.)
| | - Ashraf E. Sayour
- Molecular Biomimetics Research Group, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: (D.M.E.-H.); (F.M.)
| | - Magda F. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (M.F.M.); (R.H.T.)
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Reham H. Tammam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (M.F.M.); (R.H.T.)
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Holzer K, El-Diasty M, Wareth G, Abdel-Hamid NH, Hamdy MER, Moustafa SA, Linde J, Bartusch F, Sayour AE, Elbauomy EM, Elhadidy M, Melzer F, Beyer W. Tracking the Distribution of Brucella abortus in Egypt Based on Core Genome SNP Analysis and In Silico MLVA-16. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091942. [PMID: 34576838 PMCID: PMC8469952 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella, is one of the most neglected common zoonotic diseases globally with a public health significance and a high economic loss among the livestock industry worldwide. Since little is known about the distribution of B. abortus in Egypt, a total of 46 B. abortus isolates recovered between 2012–2020, plus one animal isolate from 2006, were analyzed by examining the whole core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) in comparison to the in silico multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Both cgSNP analysis and MLVA revealed three clusters and one isolate only was distantly related to the others. One cluster identified a rather widely distributed outbreak strain which is repeatedly occurring for at least 16 years with marginal deviations in cgSNP analysis. The other cluster of isolates represents a rather newly introduced outbreak strain. A separate cluster comprised RB51 vaccine related strains, isolated from aborted material. The comparison with MLVA data sets from public databases reveals one near relative from Argentina to the oldest outbreak strain and a related strain from Spain to a newly introduced outbreak strain in Egypt. The distantly related isolate matches with a strain from Portugal in the MLVA profile. Based on cgSNP analysis the oldest outbreak strain clusters with strains from the UK. Compared to the in silico analysis of MLVA, cgSNP analysis using WGS data provides a much higher resolution of genotypes and, when correlated to the associated epidemiological metadata, cgSNP analysis allows the differentiation of outbreaks by defining different outbreak strains. In this respect, MLVA data are error-prone and can lead to incorrect interpretations of outbreak events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Holzer
- Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-711-4592-2428
| | - Mohamed El-Diasty
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt; (M.E.-D.); (N.H.A.-H.); (M.E.R.H.); (A.E.S.); (E.M.E.)
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt; (G.W.); (S.A.M.)
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Nour H. Abdel-Hamid
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt; (M.E.-D.); (N.H.A.-H.); (M.E.R.H.); (A.E.S.); (E.M.E.)
| | - Mahmoud E. R. Hamdy
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt; (M.E.-D.); (N.H.A.-H.); (M.E.R.H.); (A.E.S.); (E.M.E.)
| | - Shawky A. Moustafa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt; (G.W.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Jörg Linde
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Felix Bartusch
- High-Performance and Cloud Computing Group, IT Center (ZDV), University of Tuebingen, Waechterstrasse 76, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Ashraf E. Sayour
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt; (M.E.-D.); (N.H.A.-H.); (M.E.R.H.); (A.E.S.); (E.M.E.)
| | - Essam M. Elbauomy
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt; (M.E.-D.); (N.H.A.-H.); (M.E.R.H.); (A.E.S.); (E.M.E.)
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt;
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (J.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Wolfgang Beyer
- Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
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Lounes N, Melzer F, Sayour AE, Maamar HT, Rahal K, Benamrouche N, Lazri M, Bouyoucef A, Hendam A, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Identification, geographic distribution and risk factors of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis infection in cattle in Algeria. Vet Microbiol 2021; 254:109004. [PMID: 33571821 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious disease of several terrestrial and marine animals and humans caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. This study aimed to identify Brucella species and biovars circulating in cattle and to analyze their geographic distribution across Algeria. Two hundred ninety eight milk and lymph node samples from 161 seropositive cattle of different local and foreign breeds were collected from 97 dairy farms in 56 towns of 13 wilayas (states/ provinces) of the central, eastern, western and southern regions. The samples were cultured on selective media and the obtained isolates were identified using bacteriological and molecular tests. Eighty-five Brucella isolates (72 B. abortus and 13 B. melitensis) were recovered from 63 animals in 37 dairy farms. In total, 71 (83.5 %) B. abortus bv 3, 11 (12.9 %) B. melitensis bv 2, 2 (2.4 %) B. melitensis bv 3 and 1 (1.2 %) unidentified B. abortus biovar were detected. The identification of B. abortus biovar 3 and B. melitensis biovar 2 is a new finding for Algeria and the Maghreb, respectively. B. abortus (84.7 %) was the main etiological agent of brucellosis. B. abortus showed a scattered distribution across Algeria. The fact that 60 % of the seropositive cattle showed no clinical signs, but 36 % were culture positive is an alarming observation. These data will rise awareness for the current epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in Algeria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first representative countrywide bacteriological investigation of Brucella species and biovars in cattle across Algeria, which is a developing country where resources might be limited and the working conditions might not be very friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedjma Lounes
- Higher National Veterinary School (ENSV), Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Ashraf E Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hassiba Tali Maamar
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Kheira Rahal
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Nabila Benamrouche
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Malika Lazri
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Algiers, Algeria.
| | | | - Ashraf Hendam
- Climate Change Information Center, Renewable Energy and Expert Systems (CCICREES), Agricultural Research Center, 9 Algamaa Street, Giza, 12619, Egypt.
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743, Jena, Germany; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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Khan AU, Melzer F, Hendam A, Sayour AE, Khan I, Elschner MC, Younus M, Ehtisham-Ul-Haque S, Waheed U, Farooq M, Ali S, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Seroprevalence and Molecular Identification of Brucella spp. in Bovines in Pakistan-Investigating Association With Risk Factors Using Machine Learning. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:594498. [PMID: 33344532 PMCID: PMC7738322 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.594498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis is a global zoonosis of public health importance. It is an endemic disease in many developing countries including Pakistan. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and molecular detection of bovine brucellosis and to assess the association of potential risk factors with test results. A total of 176 milk and 402 serum samples were collected from cattle and buffaloes in three districts of upper Punjab, Pakistan. Milk samples were investigated using milk ring test (MRT), while sera were tested by Rose–Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Real-time PCR was used for detection of Brucella DNA in investigated samples. Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in 37 (21.02%) bovine milk samples using MRT and in 66 (16.4%) and 71 (17.7%) bovine sera using RBPT and i-ELISA, respectively. Real-time PCR detected Brucella DNA in 31 (7.71%) from a total of 402 bovine sera and identified as Brucella abortus. Seroprevalence and molecular identification of bovine brucellosis varied in some regions in Pakistan. With the use of machine learning, the association of test results with risk factors including age, animal species/type, herd size, history of abortion, pregnancy status, lactation status, and geographical location was analyzed. Machine learning confirmed a real observation that lactation status was found to be the highest significant factor, while abortion, age, and pregnancy came second in terms of significance. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first time to use machine learning to assess brucellosis in Pakistan; this is a model that can be applied for other developing countries in the future. The development of control strategies for bovine brucellosis through the implementation of uninterrupted surveillance and interactive extension programs in Pakistan is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah Khan
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Ashraf Hendam
- Climate Change Information Center, Renewable Energy and Expert Systems (CCICREES), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Mandy C Elschner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | | | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology Department of Wildlife & Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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8
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Khan AU, Sayour AE, Melzer F, El-Soally SAGE, Elschner MC, Shell WS, Moawad AA, Mohamed SA, Hendam A, Roesler U, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Seroprevalence and Molecular Identification of Brucella spp. in Camels in Egypt. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071035. [PMID: 32668648 PMCID: PMC7409340 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most important worldwide zoonoses of many countries including Egypt. Camel brucellosis has not gained much attention in Egypt yet. This study is focused on the three governorates with the highest camel populations and the largest camel markets in the country to determine the disease seroprevalence and identify the Brucella species in local camel holdings. In total, 381 serum samples were collected from male and female camels from Giza, Aswan, and Al-Bahr Al-Ahmar (the Red Sea) governorates. Samples were serologically examined using the Rose-Bengal plate test (RBPT), indirect ELISA (i-ELISA), competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) and complement fixation test (CFT). Brucella antibodies were detected in 59 (15.5%), 87 (22.8%), 77 (20.2%) and 118 (31.0%) of sera by RBPT, i-ELISA, c-ELISA and CFT, respectively. Using real-time PCR, Brucella DNA was amplified in 32 (8.4%) seropositive samples including Brucella abortus (25/32), Brucella suis (5/32) and Brucella melitensis (2/32), defining a complex epidemiological status. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting Brucella suis DNA in camel serum. The risk-associated factors including age, sex, breed and geographical distribution were statistically analyzed, showing non-significant association with seroprevalence. The results of this study will raise awareness for camel brucellosis and help develop effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah Khan
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Institut for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf E. Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki 12618, Giza, Egypt;
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | | | - Mandy C. Elschner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Waleed S. Shell
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, Abbasaia 11517, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Amira A. Moawad
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Provincial Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Center, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shereen Aziz Mohamed
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Abbasaia 11517, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Ashraf Hendam
- Climate Change Information Center, Renewable Energy and Expert Systems (CCICREES), Agricultural Research Center, 9 Algamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institut for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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9
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Sayour AE, Elbauomy E, Abdel-Hamid NH, Mahrous A, Carychao D, Cooley MB, Elhadidy M. MLVA fingerprinting of Brucella melitensis circulating among livestock and cases of sporadic human illness in Egypt. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2435-2445. [PMID: 32304280 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brucella melitensis is a serious public health threat, with human infection exhibiting acute febrile illness and chronic health problems. The present study investigated the genetic diversity and epidemiological links of the important zoonotic bacterium B. melitensis in Egypt using multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-16) including eight minisatellite (panel 1) and eight microsatellite (panel 2, subdivided into 2A and 2B) markers. A total of 118 isolates were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3 by classical biotyping and Bruce-ladder assay. Although B. melitensis is primarily associated with infection in sheep and goats, most of B. melitensis isolates in this study were obtained from secondary hosts (cattle, buffaloes, humans and a camel) suggesting cross-species adaptation of B. melitensis to large ruminants in Egypt. The MLVA-16 scheme competently discriminated 70 genotypes, with 51 genotypes represented by single isolates, and the remaining 19 genotypes were shared among 67 isolates, suggesting both sporadic and epidemiologically related characteristics of B. melitensis infection. Matching of local genotypes with representatives of global genotypes revealed that the majority of Egyptian isolates analysed had a West Mediterranean descendance. As this study represents the first comprehensive genotyping and genetic analysis of B. melitensis from different sources in Egypt, the information generated from this study will augment knowledge about the main epidemiological links associated with this bacterium and will allow a better understanding of the current epidemiological situation of brucellosis in Egypt. Ultimately, this will help to adopt effective brucellosis intervention strategies in Egypt and other developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf E Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Essam Elbauomy
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nour H Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman Mahrous
- Department of Zoonoses, General Organization for Veterinary Services (GOVS), Giza, Egypt
| | - Diana Carychao
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Cooley
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- Zewail City of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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10
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Khan AU, Shell WS, Melzer F, Sayour AE, Ramadan ES, Elschner MC, Moawad AA, Roesler U, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Identification, Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Brucella spp. Isolated from Livestock in Egypt. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120603. [PMID: 31766725 PMCID: PMC6955977 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis worldwide with economic and public health impacts. The aim of the present study was to identify Brucella (B.) spp. isolated from animal populations located in different districts of Egypt and to determine their antimicrobial resistance. In total, 34-suspected Brucella isolates were recovered from lymph nodes, milk, and fetal abomasal contents of infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats from nine districts in Egypt. The isolates were identified by microbiological methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Differentiation and genotyping were confirmed using multiplex PCR for B. abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis (AMOS) and Bruce-ladder PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against clinically used antimicrobial agents (chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, rifampicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline) was performed using E-Test. The antimicrobial resistance-associated genes and mutations in Brucella isolates were confirmed using molecular tools. In total, 29 Brucella isolates (eight B. abortus biovar 1 and 21 B. melitensis biovar 3) were identified and typed. The resistance of B. melitensis to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, imipenem, rifampicin, and streptomycin were 76.2%, 19.0%, 76.2%, 66.7%, and 4.8%, respectively. Whereas, 25.0%, 87.5%, 25.0%, and 37.5% of B. abortus were resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, imipenem, and rifampicin, respectively. Mutations in the rpoB gene associated with rifampicin resistance were identified in all phenotypically resistant isolates. Mutations in gyrA and gyrB genes associated with ciprofloxacin resistance were identified in four phenotypically resistant isolates of B. melitensis. This is the first study highlighting the antimicrobial resistance in Brucella isolated from different animal species in Egypt. Mutations detected in genes associated with antimicrobial resistance unravel the molecular mechanisms of resistance in Brucella isolates from Egypt. The mutations in the rpoB gene in phenotypically resistant B. abortus isolates in this study were reported for the first time in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah Khan
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 35200 Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Waleed S. Shell
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, 11517 Abbasaia-Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Ashraf E. Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12618 Dokki-Giza, Egypt;
| | - Eman Shawkat Ramadan
- Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12556 Al Ahram-Giza, Egypt;
| | - Mandy C. Elschner
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Amira A. Moawad
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Provincial Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health Research, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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11
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El-Diasty MM, Ahmed HA, Sayour AE, El Hofy FI, Tahoun AB, Shafik SM. Seroprevalence ofBrucellaspp. in Cattle, Molecular Characterization in Milk, and the Analysis of Associated Risk Factors with Seroprevalence in Humans, Egypt. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:758-764. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba A. Ahmed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E. Sayour
- Brucellosis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Fatma I. El Hofy
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Asmaa B.M.B. Tahoun
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Saleh M. Shafik
- Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura Provincial Lab., Mansoura, Egypt
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