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Robé C, Projahn M, Boll K, Blasse A, Merle R, Roesler U, Friese A. Survival of highly related ESBL- and pAmpC- producing Escherichia coli in broiler farms identified before and after cleaning and disinfection using cgMLST. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:143. [PMID: 38664628 PMCID: PMC11044539 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broiler chickens are frequently colonized with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase- (ESBL-) and plasmid mediated AmpC Beta-Lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Enterobacterales, and we are confronted with the potential spread of these resistant bacteria in the food chain, in the environment, and to humans. Research focused on identifying of transmission routes and investigating potential intervention measures against ESBL- and pAmpC- producing bacteria in the broiler production chain. However, few data are available on the effects of cleaning and disinfection (C&D) procedures in broiler stables on ESBL- and pAmpC- producing bacteria. RESULTS We systematically investigated five broiler stables before and after C&D and identified potential ESBL- and pAmpC- colonization sites after C&D in the broiler stables, including the anteroom and the nearby surrounding environment of the broiler stables. Phenotypically resistant E. coli isolates grown on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime were further analyzed for their beta-lactam resistance genes and phylogenetic groups, as well as the relation of isolates from the investigated stables before and after C&D by whole genome sequencing. Survival of ESBL- and pAmpC- producing E. coli is highly likely at sites where C&D was not performed or where insufficient cleaning was performed prior to disinfection. For the first time, we showed highly related ESBL-/pAmpC- producing E. coli isolates detected before and after C&D in four of five broiler stables examined with cgMLST. Survival of resistant isolates in investigated broiler stables as well as transmission of resistant isolates from broiler stables to the anteroom and surrounding environment and between broiler farms was shown. In addition, enterococci (frequently utilized to detect fecal contamination and for C&D control) can be used as an indicator bacterium for the detection of ESBL-/pAmpC- E. coli after C&D. CONCLUSION We conclude that C&D can reduce ESBL-/pAmpC- producing E. coli in conventional broiler stables, but complete ESBL- and pAmpC- elimination does not seem to be possible in practice as several factors influence the C&D outcome (e.g. broiler stable condition, ESBL-/pAmpC- status prior to C&D, C&D procedures used, and biosecurity measures on the farm). A multifactorial approach, combining various hygiene- and management measures, is needed to reduce ESBL-/pAmpC- E. coli in broiler farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Robé
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michaela Projahn
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Boll
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department Food Safety, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Blasse
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Peh E, Szott V, Reichelt B, Friese A, Ploetz M, Roesler U, Kittler S. Combined application of bacteriophages with a competitive exclusion culture and carvacrol with organic acids can reduce Campylobacter in primary broiler production. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9218. [PMID: 38649444 PMCID: PMC11035546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59563-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
For reducing Campylobacter (C.) in the food production chain and thus the risk to the consumer, the combined application of different measures as a multiple-hurdle approach is currently under discussion. This is the first study to investigate possible synergistic activities in vivo, aiming at reducing intestinal C. jejuni counts by administering (i) bacteriophages (phages) in combination with a competitive exclusion (CE) product and (ii) carvacrol combined with organic acids. The combined application of the two selected phages (Fletchervirus phage NCTC 12673 and Firehammervirus phage vB_CcM-LmqsCPL1/1) and the CE product significantly reduced C. jejuni loads by 1.0 log10 in cecal and colonic contents as well as in cloacal swabs at the end of the trial (33 and 34 days post hatch). The proportion of bacterial isolates showing reduced phage susceptibility ranged from 10.9% (isolates from cecal content) to 47.8% (isolates from cloacal swabs 32 days post hatch) for the Fletchervirus phage, while all tested isolates remained susceptible to the Firehammervirus phage. The use of carvacrol combined with an organic acid blend (sorbic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid) significantly reduced Campylobacter counts by 1.0 log10 in cloacal swabs on day 30 only.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - V Szott
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Reichelt
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Ploetz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - U Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Reissner J, Siller P, Bartel A, Roesler U, Friese A. Stability of Feline Coronavirus in aerosols and dried in organic matrices on surfaces at various environmental conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22012. [PMID: 38086913 PMCID: PMC10716419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Enveloped respiratory viruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can be transmitted through aerosols and contact with contaminated surfaces. The stability of these viruses outside the host significantly impacts their transmission dynamics and the spread of diseases. In this study, we investigated the tenacity of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) in aerosols and on surfaces under varying environmental conditions. We found that airborne FCoV showed different stability depending on relative humidity (RH), with higher stability observed at low and high RH. Medium RH conditions (50-60%) were associated with increased loss of infectivity. Furthermore, FCoV remained infectious in the airborne state over 7 h. On stainless-steel surfaces, FCoV remained infectious for several months, with stability influenced by organic material and temperature. The presence of yeast extract and a temperature of 4 °C resulted in the longest maintenance of infectivity, with a 5 log10 reduction of the initial concentration after 167 days. At 20 °C, this reduction was achieved after 19 days. These findings highlight the potential risk of aerosol and contact transmission of respiratory viruses, especially in enclosed environments, over extended periods. Studying surrogate viruses like FCoV provides important insights into the behavior of zoonotic viruses like SARS-CoV-2 in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Reissner
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research-TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Paul Siller
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research-TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Department Veterinary Drugs, Mittelstraße 51-54, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartel
- Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research-TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research-TZR, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
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Reichelt B, Szott V, Stingl K, Roesler U, Friese A. Detection of Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC)- Campylobacter in the Environment of Broiler Farms: Innovative Insights Delivered by Propidium Monoazide (PMA)-v-qPCR Analysis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2492. [PMID: 37894150 PMCID: PMC10609165 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis cases in humans are of global concern, with high prevalence rates in the poultry reservoir considered the most important source of infection. Research findings show Campylobacters' ability to enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, remaining "viable" but unable to grow on culture media. We explored the persistence of VBNC states in specific environments, particularly at broiler farms, as this state may lead to an underestimation of the present Campylobacter prevalence. For VBNC detection, a propidium monoazide PMA-dye viability qPCR (v-qPCR) was used in combination with cultivation methods. We examined samples collected from broiler farm barns and their surroundings, as well as chicken manure from experimental pens. In addition, the tenacity of culturable and VBNC-Campylobacter was studied in vitro in soil and water. In a total of three visits, Campylobacter was not detected either culturally or by v-qPCR (no Campylobacter DNA) in the environment of the broiler farms. In four visits, however, VBNC-Campylobacter were detected both inside and outside the barns. The overall prevalence in environmental samples was 15.9% for VBNC-Campylobacter, 62.2% for Campylobacter DNA, and 1.2% for culturable C. jejuni. In the experimental pens, no cultivable C. jejuni was detected in chicken manure after 24 h. Strikingly, "VBNC-Campylobacter" persisted even after 72 h. "VBNC-Campylobacter" were confirmed in barn surroundings and naturally contaminated chicken manure. Laboratory studies revealed that VBNC-Campylobacter can remain intact in soil for up to 28 days and in water for at least 63 days, depending on environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Reichelt
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (B.R.)
| | - Vanessa Szott
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (B.R.)
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (B.R.)
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Reichelt B, Szott V, Epping L, Semmler T, Merle R, Roesler U, Friese A. Transmission pathways of campylobacter spp. at broiler farms and their environment in Brandenburg, Germany. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982693. [PMID: 36312983 PMCID: PMC9598865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Broiler meat is widely known as an important source of foodborne Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infections in humans. In this study, we thoroughly investigated transmission pathways that may contribute to possible Campylobacter contamination inside and outside broiler houses. For this purpose we carried out a comprehensive longitudinal sampling approach, using a semi-quantitative cultivation method to identify and quantify transmissions and reservoirs of Campylobacter spp.. Three german broiler farms in Brandenburg and their surrounding areas were intensively sampled, from April 2018 until September 2020. Consecutive fattening cycles and intervening downtimes after cleaning and disinfection were systematically sampled in summer and winter. To display the potential phylogeny of barn and environmental isolates, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Results obtained in this study showed very high Campylobacter prevalence in 51/76 pooled feces (67.1%) and 49/76 boot swabs (64.5%). Average counts between 6.4 to 8.36 log10MPN/g were detected in pooled feces. In addition, levels of 4.7 and 4.1 log10MPN/g were detected in boot swabs and litter, respectively. Samples from the barn interior showed mean Campyloacter values in swabs from drinkers 2.6 log10MPN/g, walls 2.0 log10MPN/g, troughs 1.7 log10MPN/g, boards 1.6 log10MPN/g, ventilations 0.9 log10MPN/g and 0.7 log10MPN/g for air samples. However, Campylobacter was detected only in 7/456 (1.5%) of the environmental samples (water bodies, puddles or water-filled wheel tracks; average of 0.6 log10MPN/g). Furthermore, WGS showed recurring Campylobacter genotypes over several consecutive fattening periods, indicating that Campylobacter genotypes persist in the environment during downtime periods. However, after cleaning and disinfection of the barns, we were unable to identify potential sources in the broiler houses. Interestingly, alternating Campylobacter genotypes were observed after each fattening period, also indicating sources of contamination from the wider environment outside the farm. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that a potential risk of Campylobacter transmission may originate from present environmental sources (litter and water reservoirs). However, the sources of Campylobacter transmission may vary depending on the operation and farm environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Reichelt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Szott
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lennard Epping
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wainaina M, Lindahl JF, Dohoo I, Mayer-Scholl A, Roesel K, Mbotha D, Roesler U, Grace D, Bett B, Al Dahouk S. Longitudinal Study of Selected Bacterial Zoonoses in Small Ruminants in Tana River County, Kenya. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081546. [PMID: 36013964 PMCID: PMC9414833 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, Q fever, and leptospirosis are priority zoonoses worldwide, yet their epidemiology is understudied, and studies investigating multiple pathogens are scarce. Therefore, we selected 316 small ruminants in irrigated, pastoral, and riverine settings in Tana River County and conducted repeated sampling for animals that were initially seronegative between September 2014 and June 2015. We carried out serological and polymerase chain reaction tests and determined risk factors for exposure. The survey-weighted serological incidence rates were 1.8 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.3–2.5) and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.7–2.3) cases per 100 animal-months at risk for Leptospira spp. and C. burnetii, respectively. We observed no seroconversions for Brucella spp. Animals from the irrigated setting had 6.83 (95% CI: 2.58–18.06, p-value = 0.01) higher odds of seropositivity to C. burnetii than those from riverine settings. Considerable co-exposure of animals to more than one zoonosis was also observed, with animals exposed to one zoonosis generally having 2.5 times higher odds of exposure to a second zoonosis. The higher incidence of C. burnetii and Leptospira spp. infections, which are understudied zoonoses in Kenya compared to Brucella spp., demonstrate the need for systematic prioritization of animal diseases to enable the appropriate allocation of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wainaina
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (A.M.-S.); (S.A.D.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (K.R.); (D.M.)
- Animal & Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (J.F.L.); (D.G.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Johanna F. Lindahl
- Animal & Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (J.F.L.); (D.G.); (B.B.)
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ian Dohoo
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada;
| | - Anne Mayer-Scholl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (A.M.-S.); (S.A.D.)
| | - Kristina Roesel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (K.R.); (D.M.)
- Animal & Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (J.F.L.); (D.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Deborah Mbotha
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (K.R.); (D.M.)
- Animal & Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (J.F.L.); (D.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Delia Grace
- Animal & Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (J.F.L.); (D.G.); (B.B.)
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Bernard Bett
- Animal & Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; (J.F.L.); (D.G.); (B.B.)
| | - Sascha Al Dahouk
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (A.M.-S.); (S.A.D.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Szott V, Reichelt B, Friese A, Roesler U. A Complex Competitive Exclusion Culture Reduces Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chickens at Slaughter Age In Vivo. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040181. [PMID: 35448680 PMCID: PMC9029414 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminishing Campylobacter prevalence in poultry flocks has proven to be extremely challenging. To date, efficacious control measures to reduce Campylobacter prevalence are still missing. A potential approach to control Campylobacter in modern poultry productions is to occupy its niche in the mucosal layer by administering live intestinal microbiota from adult chickens to dayold-chicks (competitive exclusion (CE)). Therefore, this in vivo study investigates the efficacy of a complex CE culture to reduce Campylobacter (C.) jejuni colonization in broiler chickens. For this purpose, the complex CE culture was applied twice: once by spray application to day-old chicks immediately after hatching (on the 1st day of life) and subsequently by an additional application via drinking water on the 25th day of life. We observed a consistent and statistically significant reduction of C. jejuni counts in cloacal swabs throughout the entire fattening period. At the end of the trial after necropsy (at 33 days of age), C. jejuni cecal counts also showed a statistically significant decrease of 1 log10 MPN/g compared to the control group. Likewise, colon counts were reduced by 2.0 log10 MPN/g. These results suggest that CE cultures can be considered a practically relevant control strategy to reduce C. jejuni colonization in broiler chickens on poultry farms.
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Wainaina M, Vey da Silva DA, Dohoo I, Mayer-Scholl A, Roesel K, Hofreuter D, Roesler U, Lindahl J, Bett B, Al Dahouk S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the aetiological agents of non-malarial febrile illnesses in Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010144. [PMID: 35073309 PMCID: PMC8812962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The awareness of non-malarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) has been on the rise over the last decades. Therefore, we undertook a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of causative agents of non-malarial fevers on the African continent. Methodology We searched for literature in African Journals Online, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify aetiologic agents that had been reported and to determine summary estimates of the proportional morbidity rates (PMr) associated with these pathogens among fever patients. Findings A total of 133 studies comprising 391,835 patients from 25 of the 54 African countries were eligible. A wide array of aetiologic agents were described with considerable regional differences among the leading agents. Overall, bacterial pathogens tested from blood samples accounted for the largest proportion. The summary estimates from the meta-analysis were low for most of the agents. This may have resulted from a true low prevalence of the agents, the failure to test for many agents or the low sensitivity of the diagnostic methods applied. Our meta-regression analysis of study and population variables showed that diagnostic methods determined the PMr estimates of typhoidal Salmonella and Dengue virus. An increase in the PMr of Klebsiella spp. infections was observed over time. Furthermore, the status of patients as either inpatient or outpatient predicted the PMr of Haemophilus spp. infections. Conclusion The small number of epidemiological studies and the variety of NMFI agents on the African continent emphasizes the need for harmonized studies with larger sample sizes. In particular, diagnostic procedures for NMFIs should be standardized to facilitate comparability of study results and to improve future meta-analyses. Reliable NMFI burden estimates will inform regional public health strategies. Previous systematic reviews have highlighted the research priorities of causative agents for non-malarial febrile illnesses by counting the number of publications attributed to an agent. However, proportional morbidity rates are calculated by dividing the number of cases with a specific disease (numerator) by the total number of diagnosed fever cases (denominator) and are better indicators of the relative importance of aetiological agents in a population. Therefore, we present the leading causes of non-malarial febrile illnesses in African patients in both healthcare and community settings. Preference is given to HIV-negative patients when data could be found. We also determined summary estimates of Brucella spp., Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Haemophilus spp., Klebsiella spp., Leptospira spp., non-typhoidal Salmonella spp., typhoidal Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. The wide array of aetiological agents causing febrile illnesses on the African continent does not only complicate malaria control programs but may also hamper response to epidemic and pandemic illnesses such as Ebola and COVID-19. The harmonisation of diagnostics and study designs will reduce between-study differences, which may result in better estimates of disease burden on the continent and in the different African regions. This information is important for Pan-African surveillance and control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wainaina
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - David Attuy Vey da Silva
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ian Dohoo
- University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Anne Mayer-Scholl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Roesel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dirk Hofreuter
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Lindahl
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sascha Al Dahouk
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Siller P, Reissner J, Hansen S, Kühl M, Bartel A, Schmelzeisen D, Gries T, Roesler U, Friese A. Innovative Textiles Used in Face Masks: Filtration Efficiency and Self-Disinfecting Properties against Coronaviruses. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2088. [PMID: 34443918 PMCID: PMC8402066 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Within the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, personal protective equipment, including face masks, is one important tool to interrupt virus transmission chains within the community. In this context, the quality of different face masks is frequently discussed and should, therefore, be evaluated. In this study, nanofleece textiles with a particle filtering effect and textiles with a self-disinfecting treatment were examined, which may be combined in face masks. Firstly, newly developed nanofleece textiles were tested regarding their filtration efficiency against airborne coronavirus, using feline coronavirus (FCoV) as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. The tested nanofleece textiles showed filtration efficiencies of over 95% against FCoV when used as a double layer and were, therefore, almost on par with the FFP-2 mask material, which was used as a reference. Secondly, eight treated, self-disinfecting textiles, which may increase the safety in the handling of potentially contaminated masks, were tested against SARS-CoV-2. Three out of eight treated textiles showed significant activity against SARS-CoV-2 and achieved about three LOG10 (99.9%) of virus titer reduction after twelve hours of incubation. Since all possible transmission paths of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the minimal infection doses, remain unknown, both investigated approaches seem to be useful tools to lower the virus spread within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Siller
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (P.S.); (J.R.); (S.H.); (M.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Janina Reissner
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (P.S.); (J.R.); (S.H.); (M.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Sabrina Hansen
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (P.S.); (J.R.); (S.H.); (M.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Michael Kühl
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (P.S.); (J.R.); (S.H.); (M.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Alexander Bartel
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - David Schmelzeisen
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (D.S.); (T.G.)
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (D.S.); (T.G.)
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (P.S.); (J.R.); (S.H.); (M.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (P.S.); (J.R.); (S.H.); (M.K.); (U.R.)
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10
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Frentrup M, Thiel N, Junker V, Behrens W, Münch S, Siller P, Kabelitz T, Faust M, Indra A, Baumgartner S, Schepanski K, Amon T, Roesler U, Funk R, Nübel U. Agricultural fertilization with poultry manure results in persistent environmental contamination with the pathogen Clostridioides difficile. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7591-7602. [PMID: 33998128 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During a field experiment applying broiler manure for fertilization of agricultural land, we detected viable Clostridioides (also known as Clostridium) difficile in broiler faeces, manure, dust and fertilized soil. A large diversity of toxigenic C. difficile isolates was recovered, including PCR ribotypes common from human disease. Genomic relatedness of C. difficile isolates from dust and from soil, recovered more than 2 years after fertilization, traced their origins to the specific chicken farm that had delivered the manure. We present evidence of long-term contamination of agricultural soil with manure-derived C. difficile and demonstrate the potential for airborne dispersal of C. difficile through dust emissions during manure application. Clostridioides genome sequences virtually identical to those from manure had been recovered from chicken meat and from human infections in previous studies, suggesting broiler-associated C. difficile are capable of zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinique Frentrup
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nadine Thiel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vera Junker
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Behrens
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen Münch
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Paul Siller
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health (ITU), Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tina Kabelitz
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Faust
- Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Indra
- AGES-Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria.,Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Thomas Amon
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health (ITU), Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health (ITU), Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roger Funk
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Braunschweig-Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technical University, Braunschweig, Germany
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11
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Siller P, Daehre K, Rosen K, Münch S, Bartel A, Funk R, Nübel U, Amon T, Roesler U. Low airborne tenacity and spread of ESBL-/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from fertilized soil by wind erosion. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7497-7511. [PMID: 33655697 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ESBL-/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from organic fertilizers were previously detected on soil surfaces of arable land and might be emitted by wind erosion. To investigate this potential environmental transmission path, we exposed ESBL-/AmpC-positive chicken litter, incorporated in agricultural soils, to different wind velocities in a wind tunnel and took air samples for microbiological analysis. No data exist concerning the airborne tenacity of ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli. Therefore, we explored the tenacity of two ESBL/AmpC E. coli strains and E. coli K12 in aerosol chamber experiments at different environmental conditions. In the wind tunnel, ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli were detected in none of the air samples (n = 66). Non-resistant E. coli were qualitatively detected in 40.7% of air samples taken at wind velocities exceeding 7.3 m s-1 . Significantly increased emission of total viable bacteria with increasing wind velocity was observed. In the aerosol chamber trials, recovery rates of airborne E. coli ranged from 0.003% to 2.8%, indicating a low airborne tenacity. Concluding, an emission of ESBL/AmpC E. coli by wind erosion in relevant concentrations appears unlikely because of the low concentration in chicken litter compared with non-resistant E. coli and their low airborne tenacity, proven in the aerosol chamber trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Siller
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Daehre
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rosen
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Münch
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Working Group Landscape Pedology, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartel
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roger Funk
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Working Group Landscape Pedology, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technical University, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Amon
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Robé C, Daehre K, Merle R, Friese A, Guenther S, Roesler U. Impact of different management measures on the colonization of broiler chickens with ESBL- and pAmpC- producing Escherichia coli in an experimental seeder-bird model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245224. [PMID: 33411808 PMCID: PMC7790425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonization of broilers with extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL-) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Enterobacteriaceae has been extensively studied. However, only limited data on intervention strategies to reduce the colonization throughout the fattening period are available. To investigate practically relevant management measures for their potential to reduce colonization, a recently published seeder-bird colonization model was used. Groups of 90 broilers (breed Ross 308) were housed in pens under conventional conditions (stocking of 39 kg/m2, no enrichment, water and feed ad libitum). Tested measures were investigated in separate trials and included (I) an increased amount of litter in the pen, (II) the reduction of stocking density to 25 kg/m2, and (III) the use of an alternative broiler breed (Rowan x Ranger). One-fifth of ESBL- and pAmpC- negative broilers (n = 18) per group were orally co-inoculated with two E. coli strains on the third day of the trial (seeder). One CTX-M-15-positive E. coli strain (ST410) and one CMY-2 and mcr-1-positive E. coli strain (ST10) were simultaneously administered in a dosage of 102 cfu. Colonization of all seeders and 28 non-inoculated broilers (sentinel) was assessed via cloacal swabs during the trials and a final necropsy at a target weight of two kilograms (= d 36 (control, I-II), d 47 (III)). None of the applied intervention measures reduced the colonization of the broilers with both the ESBL- and the pAmpC- producing E. coli strains. A strain-dependent reduction of colonization for the ESBL- producing E. coli strain of ST410 by 2 log units was apparent by the reduction of stocking density to 25 kg/m2. Consequently, the tested management measures had a negligible effect on the ESBL- and pAmpC- colonization of broilers. Therefore, intervention strategies should focus on the prevention of ESBL- and pAmpC- colonization, rather than an attempt to reduce an already existing colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Robé
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Katrin Daehre
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Pöppe J, Bote K, Ramesh A, Murugaiyan J, Kuropka B, Kühl M, Johnston P, Roesler U, Makarova O. Selection for Resistance to a Glyphosate-Containing Herbicide in Salmonella enterica Does Not Result in a Sustained Activation of the Tolerance Response or Increased Cross-Tolerance and Cross-Resistance to Clinically Important Antibiotics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01204-20. [PMID: 33008821 PMCID: PMC7688225 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01204-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of bacterial tolerance to antimicrobials precedes evolution of resistance and may result in cross-tolerance, cross-resistance, or collateral sensitivity to other antibiotics. Transient exposure of gut bacteria to glyphosate, the world's most widely used herbicide, has been linked to the activation of the stress response and changes in susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, we investigated whether chronic exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) results in resistance, a constitutive activation of the tolerance and stress responses, and cross-tolerance or cross-resistance to antibiotics. Of the 10 farm animal-derived clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica subjected to experimental evolution in increasing concentrations of GBH, three isolates showed stable resistance with mutations associated with the glyphosate target gene aroA and no fitness costs. Global quantitative proteomics analysis demonstrated activation of the cellular tolerance and stress response during the transient exposure to GBH but not constitutively in the resistant mutants. Resistant mutants displayed no cross-resistance or cross-tolerance to antibiotics. These results suggest that while transient exposure to GBH triggers cellular tolerance response in Salmonella enterica, this response does not become genetically fixed after selection for resistance to GBH and does not result in increased cross-tolerance or cross-resistance to clinically important antibiotics under our experimental conditions.IMPORTANCE Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are among the world's most popular, with traces commonly found in food, feed, and the environment. Such high ubiquity means that the herbicide may come into contact with various microorganisms, on which it acts as an antimicrobial, and it may select for resistance and cross-resistance to clinically important antibiotics. It is therefore important to estimate whether the widespread use of pesticides may be an underappreciated source of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms that may compromise efficiency of antibiotic treatments in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pöppe
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Bote
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abhinaya Ramesh
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Kühl
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Johnston
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Makarova
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Srivastava A, Murugaiyan J, Garcia JAL, De Corte D, Hoetzinger M, Eravci M, Weise C, Kumar Y, Roesler U, Hahn MW, Grossart HP. Combined Methylome, Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses Document Rapid Acclimatization of a Bacterium to Environmental Changes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:544785. [PMID: 33042055 PMCID: PMC7522526 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.544785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polynucleobacter asymbioticus strain QLW-P1DMWA-1T represents a group of highly successful heterotrophic ultramicrobacteria that is frequently very abundant (up to 70% of total bacterioplankton) in freshwater habitats across all seven continents. This strain was originally isolated from a shallow Alpine pond characterized by rapid changes in water temperature and elevated UV radiation due to its location at an altitude of 1300 m. To elucidate the strain’s adjustment to fluctuating environmental conditions, we recorded changes occurring in its transcriptomic and proteomic profiles under contrasting experimental conditions by simulating thermal conditions in winter and summer as well as high UV irradiation. To analyze the potential connection between gene expression and regulation via methyl group modification of the genome, we also analyzed its methylome. The methylation pattern differed between the three treatments, pointing to its potential role in differential gene expression. An adaptive process due to evolutionary pressure in the genus was deduced by calculating the ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates for 20 Polynucleobacter spp. genomes obtained from geographically diverse isolates. The results indicate purifying selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Srivastava
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany.,Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Institute for Animal Health and Environmental Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, SRM University-AP, Guntur, India
| | - Juan A L Garcia
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele De Corte
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Matthias Hoetzinger
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Murat Eravci
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yadhu Kumar
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Sequencing GmbH, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Institute for Animal Health and Environmental Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin W Hahn
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
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15
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Thiel N, Münch S, Behrens W, Junker V, Faust M, Biniasch O, Kabelitz T, Siller P, Boedeker C, Schumann P, Roesler U, Amon T, Schepanski K, Funk R, Nübel U. Airborne bacterial emission fluxes from manure-fertilized agricultural soil. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1631-1647. [PMID: 32697046 PMCID: PMC7415373 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to quantify the dependence on wind velocity of airborne bacterial emission fluxes from soil. It demonstrates that manure bacteria get aerosolized from fertilized soil more easily than soil bacteria, and it applies bacterial genomic sequencing for the first time to trace environmental faecal contamination back to its source in the chicken barn. We report quantitative, airborne emission fluxes of bacteria during and following the fertilization of agricultural soil with manure from broiler chickens. During the fertilization process, the concentration of airborne bacteria culturable on blood agar medium increased more than 600 000-fold, and 1 m3 of air carried 2.9 × 105 viable enterococci, i.e. indicators of faecal contamination which had been undetectable in background air samples. Trajectory modelling suggested that atmospheric residence times and dispersion pathways were dependent on the time of day at which fertilization was performed. Measurements in a wind tunnel indicated that airborne bacterial emission fluxes from freshly fertilized soil under local climatic conditions on average were 100-fold higher than a previous estimate of average emissions from land. Faecal bacteria collected from soil and dust up to seven weeks after fertilization could be traced to their origins in the poultry barn by genomic sequencing. Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences from manure, soil and dust showed that manure bacteria got aerosolized preferably, likely due to their attachment to low-density manure particles. Our data show that fertilization with manure may cause substantial increases of bacterial emissions from agricultural land. After mechanical incorporation of manure into soil, however, the associated risk of airborne infection is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Thiel
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesLeibniz Institute DSMZBraunschweigGermany
| | - Steffen Münch
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| | - Wiebke Behrens
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesLeibniz Institute DSMZBraunschweigGermany
| | - Vera Junker
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesLeibniz Institute DSMZBraunschweigGermany
| | - Matthias Faust
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS)LeipzigGermany
| | - Oliver Biniasch
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB)PotsdamGermany
| | - Tina Kabelitz
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB)PotsdamGermany
| | - Paul Siller
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Christian Boedeker
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesLeibniz Institute DSMZBraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter Schumann
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesLeibniz Institute DSMZBraunschweigGermany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB)PotsdamGermany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Roger Funk
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)MünchebergGermany
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesLeibniz Institute DSMZBraunschweigGermany
- Partner Site Braunschweig‐HannoverGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF)BraunschweigGermany
- Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS)Technical UniversityBraunschweigGermany
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16
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Szott V, Reichelt B, Alter T, Friese A, Roesler U. In vivo efficacy of carvacrol on Campylobacter jejuni prevalence in broiler chickens during an entire fattening period. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2020; 10:131-138. [PMID: 32750025 PMCID: PMC7592510 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol, a primary constituent of plant essential oils (EOs), and its antimicrobial activity have been the subject of many in vitro studies. Due to an increasing demand for alternative antimicrobials and an emerging number of antibiotic resistant bacteria, the use of essential oils has played a major role in many recent approaches to reduce Campylobacter colonization in poultry before slaughter age. For that purpose, the reducing effect of carvacrol on Campylobacter jejuni prevalence in broilers was determined in vivo in an experimental broiler chicken model during an entire fattening period. Carvacrol was added to the feed in a concentration of 120 mg/kg feed four days post hatch until the end of the trial. In this study, we demonstrated a statistically significant decrease of C. jejuni counts by 1.17 decadic logarithm (log10) most probable number (MPN)/g in cloacal swabs during starter and grower periods (corresponding to a broilers age between 1 and 28 days). Similar results were observed for colon enumeration at the end of the trial where C. jejuni counts were significantly reduced by 1.25 log10 MPN/g. However, carvacrol did not successfully reduce Campylobacter cecal colonization in 33-day-old broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Szott
- 1Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Reichelt
- 1Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Alter
- 2Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Friese
- 1Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Roesler
- 1Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Khan AU, Sayour AE, Melzer F, El-Soally SAGE, Elschner MC, Shell WS, Moawad AA, Mohamed SA, Hendam A, Roesler U, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Seroprevalence and Molecular Identification of Brucella spp. in Camels in Egypt. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071035. [PMID: 32668648 PMCID: PMC7409340 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most important worldwide zoonoses of many countries including Egypt. Camel brucellosis has not gained much attention in Egypt yet. This study is focused on the three governorates with the highest camel populations and the largest camel markets in the country to determine the disease seroprevalence and identify the Brucella species in local camel holdings. In total, 381 serum samples were collected from male and female camels from Giza, Aswan, and Al-Bahr Al-Ahmar (the Red Sea) governorates. Samples were serologically examined using the Rose-Bengal plate test (RBPT), indirect ELISA (i-ELISA), competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) and complement fixation test (CFT). Brucella antibodies were detected in 59 (15.5%), 87 (22.8%), 77 (20.2%) and 118 (31.0%) of sera by RBPT, i-ELISA, c-ELISA and CFT, respectively. Using real-time PCR, Brucella DNA was amplified in 32 (8.4%) seropositive samples including Brucella abortus (25/32), Brucella suis (5/32) and Brucella melitensis (2/32), defining a complex epidemiological status. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting Brucella suis DNA in camel serum. The risk-associated factors including age, sex, breed and geographical distribution were statistically analyzed, showing non-significant association with seroprevalence. The results of this study will raise awareness for camel brucellosis and help develop effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah Khan
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Institut for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf E. Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki 12618, Giza, Egypt;
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | | | - Mandy C. Elschner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Waleed S. Shell
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, Abbasaia 11517, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Amira A. Moawad
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Provincial Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Center, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shereen Aziz Mohamed
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Abbasaia 11517, Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Ashraf Hendam
- Climate Change Information Center, Renewable Energy and Expert Systems (CCICREES), Agricultural Research Center, 9 Algamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institut for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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18
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Rosen K, Ebner F, Schmidt S, Hartmann S, Merle R, Friese A, Roesler U. Influence of Immune Status on the Airborne Colonization of Piglets with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Clonal Complex (CC) 398. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2020; 10:1-10. [PMID: 32363033 PMCID: PMC7182117 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2019.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonized vertebrates including humans and pigs are to date the main reservoirs of livestock-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA). Currently, the mechanisms underlying colonization of pigs are not fully understood. We investigated the influence of piglet pre-immune status on airborne MRSA colonization. Three groups of MRSA-negative piglets were primed and exposed to airborne LA-MRSA (104 colony forming units (cfu)/m3) in an aerosol chamber for 24 h. One group was treated intramuscularly with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg body weight) to imitate weaning stress. The second group was exposed to bacterial endotoxin containing MRSA aerosol. Both conditions play a role in the development of multifactorial diseases and may promote MRSA colonization success. The third group served as control. The piglets' MRSA status was monitored for 21 days via swab samples. At necropsy, specific tissues and organs were analyzed. Blood was collected to examine specific immunological parameters. The duration of MRSA colonization was not extended in both treated groups compared to the control group, indicating the two immune-status influencing factors do not promote MRSA colonization. Blood sample analysis confirmed a mild dexamethasone-induced immune suppression and typical endotoxin-related changes in peripheral blood. Of note, the low-dose dexamethasone treatment showed a trend of increased MRSA clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Rosen
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infection medicine, Department for Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection medicine, Department for Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schmidt
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection medicine, Department for Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection medicine, Department for Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infection medicine, Department for Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infection medicine, Department for Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Siller P, Daehre K, Thiel N, Nübel U, Roesler U. Impact of short-term storage on the quantity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in broiler litter under practical conditions. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2125-2135. [PMID: 32241498 PMCID: PMC7587761 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying broiler litter containing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) to arable land poses a potential risk for humans to get colonized by contact with contaminated soil or vegetables. Therefore, an inactivation of these bacteria before land application of litter is crucial. We performed 2 short-term litter storage trials (one in summer and winter, respectively), each covering a time span of 5 D to investigate the effectiveness of this method for inactivation of ESBL-producing E. coli in chicken litter. Surface and deep litter samples were taken from a stacked, ESBL-positive chicken litter heap in triplicates in close sampling intervals at the beginning and daily for the last 3 D of the experiments. Samples were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively for ESBL-producing E. coli, total E. coli, and enterococci. Selected isolates were further characterized by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In the depth of the heap ESBL-producing E. coli were detected quantitatively until 72 h and qualitatively until the end of the trial in winter. In summer detection was possible quantitatively up to 36 h and qualitatively until 72 h. For surface litter samples a qualitative detection of ESBL-producing E. coli was possible in all samples taken in both trials. In the deep samples a significant decrease in the bacterial counts of over 2 Log10 was observed for total E. coli in the winter and for total E. coli and enterococci in the summer. Genetic differences of the isolates analyzed by WGS did not correlate with survival advantage. In conclusion, short-term storage of chicken litter stacked in heaps is a useful tool for the reduction of bacterial counts including ESBL-producing E. coli. However, incomplete inactivation was observed at the surface of the heap and at low ambient temperatures. Therefore, an extension of the storage period in winter as well as turning of the heap to provide aerobic composting conditions should be considered if working and storage capacities are available on the farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Siller
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katrin Daehre
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Food, Feed and Commodities, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Thiel
- Department of Microbial Genome Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Miroorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nübel
- Department of Microbial Genome Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Miroorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany; Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technical University, Braunschweig, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Skaradzińska A, Ochocka M, Śliwka P, Kuźmińska-Bajor M, Skaradziński G, Friese A, Roschanski N, Murugaiyan J, Roesler U. Bacteriophage amplification - A comparison of selected methods. J Virol Methods 2020; 282:113856. [PMID: 32198027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bactericidal properties of bacteriophages have been used almost since the moment of the discovery of bacterial viruses. In the light of the rapidly growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, phage therapy is considered one of the most promising alternatives to classical treatment. Phage amplification is one of the most common procedures of working with phages, and high-titer preparations are beneficial at the experimental stage of studies as well as in practice. The objective of this study was to compare five commonly applied methods of phage amplification: (i) pooled plaques method, (ii) the plate wash method, (iii) the agar culture method, (iv) the two-stage culture method, and (v) in liquid culture. All methods were tested for fifteen different phages. The results described herein indicate that there is no optimal, universal method for phage amplification, and the most effective method has to be established individually for each phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Skaradzińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marta Ochocka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Śliwka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Kuźmińska-Bajor
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Skaradziński
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Roschanski
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Parvizi O, El-Adawy H, Roesler U, Neubauer H, Mertens-Scholz K. Performance Analysis of Anaplasma Antibody Competitive ELISA Using the ROC Curve for Screening of Anaplasmosis in Camel Populations in Egypt. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030165. [PMID: 32121019 PMCID: PMC7157543 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasmosis is a tick-born and potential zoonotic disease caused by Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum, A. ovis, A. platys and A. capra. Anaplasma marginale affecting bovines and camels causing significant economic losses. Camels as an integral part of the socio-economic lifestyle of nomads in semi-arid to arid ecosystems are prone to suffer from subclinical Anaplasma infections. This study aimed to determine the performance and adaptation of commercial competitive Anaplasma ELISA (cELISA) as a tool for screening the seroprevalence of anaplasmosis whitin the camel populations in Egypt. This study was based on the serological investigation of 437 camel sera collected between 2015 and 2016 during a Q fever prevalence study in Egypt using commercially available cELISA for the detection of antibodies specific for Anaplasma in bovine serum. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, an analysis method for optimizing cutoff values in cELISAs, was used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity using 76 true as serological positive (n = 7) and negative (n = 60) for Anaplasma antibodies. ROC curve analysis was done for 7 true positive and 60 true negative bovine samples and 7 true positive and 29 true negative camel samples serum. Real time PCR and/or conventional PCR was applied to confirm Anaplasma spp. specific-DNA in camel serum as an indication of a true positive and true negative for ROC analysis. Chi square analysis was performed to estimate the association between risk factors and anaplasmosis in camels. The cutoff value was determined as 0.42 (p value ≤ 0.001). Data simulation with randomly generated values revealed a cutoff value of 0.417 (p ≤ 0.001) with resulting 58.1% Se and 97.8% Sp. Seven true positive and 29 true negative camel serum samples was confirmed by PCR. Using the estimated cut off, the seroprevalence in the Nile Valley and Delta and the Eastern Desert domain was 47.4% and 46.4%, respectively. The potential risk factors as domains and origin of animals were less significantly associated with the prevalence of anaplasmosis (domains: χ(2) = 41.8, p value ≤ 0.001 and origin: χ(2) = 42.56, p value ≤ 0.001). Raising awareness especially for veterinarians and animal owners will significantly contribute to the best understanding of anaplasmosis in camels in Egypt. Alternative (in silico) validation techniques and preliminary prevalence studies are mandatory towards the control of neglected anaplasmosis in the camel population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Parvizi
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal research institute for Animal Health), 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.E.-A.); (H.N.); (K.M.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal research institute for Animal Health), 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.E.-A.); (H.N.); (K.M.-S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal research institute for Animal Health), 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.E.-A.); (H.N.); (K.M.-S.)
| | - Katja Mertens-Scholz
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal research institute for Animal Health), 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.E.-A.); (H.N.); (K.M.-S.)
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22
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Parvizi O, El-Adawy H, Melzer F, Roesler U, Neubauer H, Mertens-Scholz K. Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Bovine Anaplasmosis in Egypt. Pathogens 2020; 9:E64. [PMID: 31963251 PMCID: PMC7168636 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease with zoonotic potential, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Anaplasma marginale. The disease is distributed worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. The economic losses from anaplasmosis in animals is of significant importance because it causes severe morbidity and mortality in cattle. Recovered animals may become persistent carriers. Epidemiological information on the actual status of bovine anaplasmosis in Egypt is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to determine anti-Anaplasma antibody and DNA in serum samples using ELISA and PCR, respectively. In total, 758 bovine sera were collected from cattle farms located in 24 Egyptian governorates in 2015 to 2016. Sera were analyzed with the commercially available 'Anaplasma antibody competitive ELISA v2' kit and 'AmpliTest Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp. real time TaqMan TM PCR. Anaplasma spp. antibodies were detected in 140 (18.5%) (CI: 15.8-21.4%) of the investigated sera by ELISA, and Anaplasma/Ehrlichia-DNA was detected in 40 (5.3%) (CI: 3.8-7.1%) of the positive sera by real time PCR. Co-detection of both Anaplasma spp. and Coxiella burnetii-specific antibodies was proven in 30 (4%) of the investigated sera. The results of this work confirm the significant prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Egypt. Raising awareness in decision makers of the public health, veterinarians and animal owners is required to reduce the spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Parvizi
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.E.-A.); (F.M.); (H.N.); (K.M.-S.)
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.E.-A.); (F.M.); (H.N.); (K.M.-S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.E.-A.); (F.M.); (H.N.); (K.M.-S.)
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University, Berlin, Robert-von Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.E.-A.); (F.M.); (H.N.); (K.M.-S.)
| | - Katja Mertens-Scholz
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; (H.E.-A.); (F.M.); (H.N.); (K.M.-S.)
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23
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Khan AU, Shell WS, Melzer F, Sayour AE, Ramadan ES, Elschner MC, Moawad AA, Roesler U, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Identification, Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Brucella spp. Isolated from Livestock in Egypt. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120603. [PMID: 31766725 PMCID: PMC6955977 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis worldwide with economic and public health impacts. The aim of the present study was to identify Brucella (B.) spp. isolated from animal populations located in different districts of Egypt and to determine their antimicrobial resistance. In total, 34-suspected Brucella isolates were recovered from lymph nodes, milk, and fetal abomasal contents of infected cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats from nine districts in Egypt. The isolates were identified by microbiological methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Differentiation and genotyping were confirmed using multiplex PCR for B. abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis (AMOS) and Bruce-ladder PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against clinically used antimicrobial agents (chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, rifampicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline) was performed using E-Test. The antimicrobial resistance-associated genes and mutations in Brucella isolates were confirmed using molecular tools. In total, 29 Brucella isolates (eight B. abortus biovar 1 and 21 B. melitensis biovar 3) were identified and typed. The resistance of B. melitensis to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, imipenem, rifampicin, and streptomycin were 76.2%, 19.0%, 76.2%, 66.7%, and 4.8%, respectively. Whereas, 25.0%, 87.5%, 25.0%, and 37.5% of B. abortus were resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, imipenem, and rifampicin, respectively. Mutations in the rpoB gene associated with rifampicin resistance were identified in all phenotypically resistant isolates. Mutations in gyrA and gyrB genes associated with ciprofloxacin resistance were identified in four phenotypically resistant isolates of B. melitensis. This is the first study highlighting the antimicrobial resistance in Brucella isolated from different animal species in Egypt. Mutations detected in genes associated with antimicrobial resistance unravel the molecular mechanisms of resistance in Brucella isolates from Egypt. The mutations in the rpoB gene in phenotypically resistant B. abortus isolates in this study were reported for the first time in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah Khan
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 35200 Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Waleed S. Shell
- Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center, 11517 Abbasaia-Cairo, Egypt;
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Ashraf E. Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12618 Dokki-Giza, Egypt;
| | - Eman Shawkat Ramadan
- Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12556 Al Ahram-Giza, Egypt;
| | - Mandy C. Elschner
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Amira A. Moawad
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Provincial Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health Research, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (A.A.M.); (H.N.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Khan AU, Melzer F, El-Soally SAGE, Elschner MC, Mohamed SA, Sayed Ahmed MA, Roesler U, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Serological and Molecular Identification of Brucella spp. in Pigs from Cairo and Giza Governorates, Egypt. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040248. [PMID: 31756893 PMCID: PMC6963660 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is considered as endemic disease of animals and humans since thousands of years in Egypt. However, brucellosis in pigs has never been reported in Egypt. Thus, serological and molecular assays were applied to detect anti-Brucella antibodies and DNA in serum samples collected from pigs. In total 331 blood samples collected from male and female pigs at slaughterhouses of Cairo and Giza governorates were investigated using Brucella c- and i-ELISA and Brucella real-time PCR. Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in 16 (4.83%) and 36 (10.8%) sera by i-ELISA and c-ELISA, respectively. Brucella DNA was detected in 10 (3.02%) seropositive samples and identified as Brucella melitensis (7/10) and Brucella suis (3/10). A higher prevelance was found in boars. This is the first study investigating pig brucellosis in Egypt. The results of this study will raise awareness for brucellosis in these farm animals and will help to develop effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah Khan
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (H.N.)
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Sub-Campus UVAS-Lahore), Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (H.N.)
| | | | - Mandy C. Elschner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (H.N.)
| | | | - Mohamed Abdelmonem Sayed Ahmed
- Veterinary Service Department, Armed Forces Logistics Authority, Egyptian Armed Forces, 11765 Nasr City, Egypt (M.A.S.A.)
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (H.N.)
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.U.K.); (F.M.); (M.C.E.); (H.N.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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25
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Moawad AA, Hotzel H, Awad O, Roesler U, Hafez HM, Tomaso H, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Turkeys in Egypt: First Report of Linezolid Resistance. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100476. [PMID: 31652567 PMCID: PMC6843140 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are gaining much attention as causative agents of serious nosocomial infections in humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of CoNS as well as the presence of resistance-associated genes in CoNS isolated from turkey farms in Egypt. Two hundred and fifty cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy turkeys in Egypt. Suspected isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The susceptibility testing of CoNS isolates against 20 antimicrobial agents was performed using the broth microdilution test. The presence of resistance-associated genes like mecA, vanA, blaZ, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), aac-aphD, optrA, valS, and cfr was determined. Thirty-nine CoNS were identified. All isolates were phenotypically resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline. The resistance rates to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, oxacillin, daptomycin, and tigecycline were 97.4%, 94.9%, 92.3%, 89.7%, and 87.2%, respectively. Thirty-one isolates were resistant to linezolid (79.5%). Low resistance rate was detected for both imipenem and vancomycin (12.8%). The erm(C) gene was identified in all erythromycin phenotypically resistant isolates, whereas two resistant isolates possessed three resistance-conferring genes erm(A), erm(B), and erm(C). The cfr and optrA genes were detected in 11 (35.5%) and 12 (38.7%) of the 31 linezolid-resistant isolates. The mecA, aac-aphD, and blaZ genes were identified in 22.2%, 41.9%, and 2.6% of phenotypically resistant isolates to oxacillin, gentamicin, and penicillin, respectively. This is the first study revealing the correlation between linezolid resistance and presence of cfr and optrA genes in CoNS isolates from Egypt, and it can help to improve knowledge about the linezolid resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Moawad
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Mansoura Provincial Laboratory, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Omnia Awad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University Berlin, Robert-von Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hafez M Hafez
- Institute for Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Königsweg 63, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
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Robé C, Blasse A, Merle R, Friese A, Roesler U, Guenther S. Low Dose Colonization of Broiler Chickens With ESBL-/AmpC- Producing Escherichia coli in a Seeder-Bird Model Independent of Antimicrobial Selection Pressure. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2124. [PMID: 31572330 PMCID: PMC6753873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) and AmpC beta-lactamase- (AmpC-) producing Enterobacteriaceae pose a risk for both human and animal health. For livestock, highest prevalences have been reported in broiler chickens, which are therefore considered as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The possibility of transfer to humans either by a close contact to colonized broiler flocks or through contaminated retail meat results in the necessity to develop intervention measures for the entire broiler production chain. In this regard, a basic understanding of the colonization process is mandatory including the determination of the minimal bacterial load leading to a persistent colonization of broiler chickens. Therefore, we conducted a bivalent broiler colonization study close to real farming conditions without applying any antimicrobial selection pressure. ESBL- and AmpC- negative broiler chickens (Ross 308) were co- colonized on their third day of life with two strains: one CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli-ST410 and one CMY-2/mcr-1-positive E. coli-ST10. Colonization was assessed by cloacal swabs over the period of the trial, starting 24 h post inoculation. During the final necropsy, the contents of crop, jejunum, cecum, and colon were quantified for the occurrence of both bacterial strains. To define the minimal oral colonization dosage 104 to 101 colony forming units (cfu) were orally inoculated to four separately housed broiler groups (each n = 19, all animals inoculated) and a dosage of already 101 cfu E. coli led to a persistent colonization of all animals of the group after 3 days. To assure stable colonization, however, a dosage of 102 cfu E. coli was chosen for the subsequent seeder-bird trial. In the seeder-bird trial one fifth of the animals (seeder, n = 4) were orally inoculated and kept together with the non-inoculated animals (sentinel, n = 16) to mimic the route of natural infection. After 35 days of trial, all animals were colonized with both E. coli strains. Given the low colonization dosage and the low seeder/sentinel ratio, the rapid spread of ESBL- and AmpC- producing Enterobacteriaceae in conventional broiler farms currently seems inevitably resulting in an urgent need for the development of intervention strategies to reduce colonization of broilers during production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Robé
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Blasse
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Kirubakar G, Murugaiyan J, Schaudinn C, Dematheis F, Holland G, Eravci M, Weise C, Roesler U, Lewin A. Proteome Analysis of a M. avium Mutant Exposes a Novel Role of the Bifunctional Protein LysX in the Regulation of Metabolic Activity. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:291-299. [PMID: 29471363 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol is one of the components of the mycobacterial membrane that contributes to the resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides, a host-induced frontline defense against invading pathogens. Its production is catalyzed by LysX, a bifunctional protein with lysyl transferase and lysyl transfer RNA synthetase activity. Comparative proteome analysis of a lysX mutant of Mycobacterium avium strain 104 and the wild type indicated that the lysX mutant strain undergoes a transition in phenotype by switching the carbon metabolism to β-oxidation of fatty acids, along with accumulation of lipid inclusions. Surprisingly, proteins associated with intracellular survival were upregulated in the lysX mutant, even during extracellular growth, preparing bacteria for the conditions occurring inside host cells. In line with this, the lysX mutant exhibited enhanced intracellular growth in human-blood-derived monocytes. Thus, our study exposes the significance of lysX in the metabolism and virulence of the environmental pathogen M. avium hominissuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greana Kirubakar
- Division 16, Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Schaudinn
- Division ZBS 4, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gudrun Holland
- Division ZBS 4, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Murat Eravci
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Lewin
- Division 16, Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Deutschmann C, Sowa M, Murugaiyan J, Roesler U, Röber N, Conrad K, Laass MW, Bogdanos D, Sipeki N, Papp M, Rödiger S, Roggenbuck D, Schierack P. Identification of Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 as a Novel Neutrophil Antigenic Target in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:894-904. [PMID: 30753386 PMCID: PMC6657965 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is an increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Autoimmune responses are involved in the pathophysiology of IBD, but their underlying pathways and target antigens have not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS Autoantigenic targets in IBD were identified after separation of whole cell proteins isolated from neutrophils using two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry-based protein identification of the spots that displayed Western blotting signals with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive sera. The prevalence of IgG, IgA and secretory IgA [sIgA] to chitinase 3-like protein 1 [CHI3L1] was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant CHI3L1 in 110 patients with Crohn's disease [CD], 95 with ulcerative colitis [UC], 126 with coeliac disease [CeD] and 86 healthy controls [HCs]. RESULTS The 18-glycosylhydrolase family member CHI3L1 was identified as a neutrophil autoantigenic target. CD patients displayed significantly higher levels of IgG to CHI3L1 than patients with UC and CeD (p < 0.0001, respectively). IgA and sIgA to CHI3L1 was significantly higher in CD than in UC, CeD and HCs [p < 0.0001, respectively]. IgA and sIgA to CHI3L1 demonstrated the highest prevalence in CD [25.5%, 28/110; and 41.8%%, 46/110] compared to HCs [2.3%, 2/86; and 4.7%%, 4/86; p = 0.0015 and p < 0.0001] and are associated with a more complicated progression of CD. CONCLUSION CHI3L1 is a novel neutrophil autoantigenic target in CD. IgA and sIgA to CHI3L1 may serve as novel markers for CD and may facilitate the serological diagnosis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Deutschmann
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Sowa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz, Senftenberg, Germany,Medipan/GA Generic Assays GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Ring, Dahlewitz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str., Berlin, Germany,Department of Biotechnology, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str., Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Röber
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin W Laass
- Children’s Hospital, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nora Sipeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt., Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Maria Papp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt., Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz, Senftenberg, Germany,Medipan/GA Generic Assays GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Ring, Dahlewitz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Universitätsplatz, Senftenberg, Germany,Corresponding author: Prof. Dr Peter Schierack, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany. Tel: +49 (0) 3573 85 932; Fax: +49 (0) 3573 85 909;
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Bote K, Pöppe J, Riede S, Breves G, Roesler U. Effect of a Glyphosate-Containing Herbicide on Escherichia coli and Salmonella Ser. Typhimurium in an In Vitro Rumen Simulation System. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2019; 9:94-99. [PMID: 31662889 PMCID: PMC6798580 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is the most-used herbicide worldwide. Many studies in the past have shown that residues of the herbicide can be found in many cultivated plants, including those used as livestock feed. Sensitivity to glyphosate varies with bacteria, particularly those residing in the intestine, where microbiota is exposed to glyphosate residues. Therefore, less susceptible pathogenic isolates could have a distinct advantage compared to more sensitive commensal isolates, probably leading to dysbiosis. To determine whether the ruminal growth and survival of pathogenic Escherichia coli or Salmonella serovar Typhimurium are higher when glyphosate residues are present in the feed, an in vitro fermentation trial with a "Rumen Simulation System" (RUSITEC) and a glyphosate-containing commercial formulation was performed. Colony forming units of E. coli and Salmonella ser. Typhimurium decreased steadily in all fermenters, regardless of the herbicide application. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the studied Salmonella and E. coli strains did not change, and antibiotic susceptibility varied only slightly but independent of the glyphosate application. Overall, application of the glyphosate-containing formulation in a worst-case concentration of 10 mg/L neither increased the abundance for the tested E. coli and Salmonella strain in the in vitro fermentation system, nor promoted resistance to glyphosate or antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bote
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Pöppe
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Riede
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Roschanski N, Hadziabdic S, Borowiak M, Malorny B, Tenhagen BA, Projahn M, Kaesbohrer A, Guenther S, Szabo I, Roesler U, Fischer J. Detection of VIM-1-Producing Enterobacter cloacae and Salmonella enterica Serovars Infantis and Goldcoast at a Breeding Pig Farm in Germany in 2017 and Their Molecular Relationship to Former VIM-1-Producing S. Infantis Isolates in German Livestock Production. mSphere 2019; 4:e00089-19. [PMID: 31189558 PMCID: PMC6563352 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00089-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2011, VIM-1-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis and Escherichia coli were isolated for the first time in four German livestock farms. In 2015/2016, highly related isolates were identified in German pig production. This raised the issue of potential reservoirs for these isolates, the relation of their mobile genetic elements, and potential links between the different affected farms/facilities. In a piglet-producing farm suspicious for being linked to some blaVIM-1 findings in Germany, fecal and environmental samples were examined for the presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella spp. Newly discovered isolates were subjected to Illumina whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and S1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) hybridization experiments. WGS data of these isolates were compared with those for the previously isolated VIM-1-producing Salmonella Infantis isolates from pigs and poultry. Among 103 samples, one Salmonella Goldcoast isolate, one Salmonella Infantis isolate, and one Enterobacter cloacae isolate carrying the blaVIM-1 gene were detected. Comparative WGS analysis revealed that the blaVIM-1 gene was part of a particular Tn21-like transposable element in all isolates. It was located on IncHI2 (ST1) plasmids of ∼290 to 300 kb with a backbone highly similar (98 to 100%) to that of reference pSE15-SA01028. SNP analysis revealed a close relationship of all VIM-1-positive S Infantis isolates described since 2011. The findings of this study demonstrate that the occurrence of the blaVIM-1 gene in German livestock is restricted neither to a certain bacterial species nor to a certain Salmonella serovar but is linked to a particular Tn21-like transposable element located on transferable pSE15-SA01028-like IncHI2 (ST1) plasmids, being present in all of the investigated isolates from 2011 to 2017.IMPORTANCE Carbapenems are considered one of few remaining treatment options against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in human clinical settings. The occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in livestock and food is a major public health concern. Particularly the occurrence of VIM-1-producing Salmonella Infantis in livestock farms is worrisome, as this zoonotic pathogen is one of the main causes for human salmonellosis in Europe. Investigations on the epidemiology of those carbapenemase-producing isolates and associated mobile genetic elements through an in-depth molecular characterization are indispensable to understand the transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae along the food chain and between different populations to develop strategies to prevent their further spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Roschanski
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sead Hadziabdic
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Borowiak
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Malorny
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Projahn
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Kaesbohrer
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Istvan Szabo
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennie Fischer
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
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Pöppe J, Bote K, Merle R, Makarova O, Roesler U. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Glyphosate and a Glyphosate-Containing Herbicide in Salmonella enterica Isolates Originating from Different Time Periods, Hosts, and Serovars. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2019; 9:35-41. [PMID: 31223494 PMCID: PMC6563685 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, the active compound of Roundup, is one of the most used pesticides in the world. Its residues are often detected in animal feed, but the impact on the animal gut microbiota and on pathogens of the intestine has not intensively been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of glyphosate isopropylamine salt and a common glyphosate-containing herbicide formulation in 225 Salmonella enterica isolates by broth microdilution. A bacteriostatic effect of glyphosate on Salmonella growth was detected at the concentration range of 10 to 80 mg/mL for both the active ingredient and the ready-to-use formulation. Time/year of isolation, host species, and serovars revealed a statistically significant influence on MIC values. Recently collected Salmonella isolates had significantly higher MIC values for glyphosate and the glyphosate-containing product compared with isolates collected between 1981 and 1990. Isolates from pigs showed significantly higher MIC values compared with isolates from poultry, and isolates of the Salmonella serovar Typhimurium had significantly higher MIC values than Salmonella Enteritidis and Infantis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pöppe
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Bote
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Makarova
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Bote K, Pöppe J, Merle R, Makarova O, Roesler U. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Glyphosate and of a Glyphosate-Containing Herbicide Formulation for Escherichia coli Isolates - Differences Between Pathogenicand Non-pathogenic Isolates and Between Host Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:932. [PMID: 31130932 PMCID: PMC6509229 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most extensively used herbicide in the world. However, concerns regarding its safety, side effects, and impact on other organisms have increased in recent years. This is the first study to analyze a large set of recent and historical Escherichia coli isolates varying in pathogenicity and beta-lactam resistance from different host species for their susceptibility to glyphosate isopropylamine salt (IPA), the active ingredient of the herbicide, and to a complete glyphosate-containing formulation (Roundup LB Plus). For this, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for 238 E. coli isolates by broth microdilution in Mueller Hinton I media followed by the statistical analyses using Mann-Whitney-U test, multivariable analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a multivariable proportional-odds ordinal regression model. While the overall MIC distribution was narrow and lacked a highly resistant sub-population for both substances, statistical analyses revealed small but significant associations between glyphosate resistance levels and different factors tested. Mean MIC values for the entire dataset showed a higher level of resistance to the complete glyphosate-containing formulation (40 mg/ml IPA) than to pure glyphosate (10 mg/ml IPA) in E. coli. Isolates that originated from poultry had significantly higher MIC values for both pure glyphosate and the complete formulation. Pathogenic and non-extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (non-ESBL) E. coli isolates each showed significantly higher MIC values compared to commensals and ESBL-producing E. coli in pure glyphosate, but not in the complete formulation. Recently sampled isolates showed statistically higher MICs than the isolates of the historic standard E. coli collection of reference in pure glyphosate, when tested by nonparametric Mann-Whitney-U test, but not in the multivariable model. Further investigations are necessary to confirm whether these associations have a casual relationship with the glyphosate use or are the consequence of co-selection due to the increased application rates of antibiotics, heavy metals or other biocides. A possible accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in livestock animals fed with glyphosate-containing feed should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bote
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Pöppe
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Makarova
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Roesler
- Mathematisches Seminar, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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34
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Roesler U. 512 The challenge of Antimicrobial resistance on the animal-human-environment interface. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- U Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kaspar U, von Lützau A, Schlattmann A, Roesler U, Köck R, Becker K. Zoonotic multidrug-resistant microorganisms among small companion animals in Germany. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208364. [PMID: 30532196 PMCID: PMC6285998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) can be transmitted between companion animals and their human owners. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in different companion animal species. Dogs (n = 192), cats (n = 74), and rabbits (n = 17), treated in a veterinary practice and hospital or living in an animal shelter and private households, were sampled. All facilities were located in a region characterized by a high density of pig production. Nasal, buccal and perianal swabs were enriched and cultured on solid chromogenic selective media. A subgroup of 20 animals (13 dogs, 3 cats, 4 rabbits) was analyzed for the presence of staphylococci other than S. aureus. Amongst all animals (n = 283), twenty dogs (10.4%) and six cats (8.1%) carried S. aureus. MRSA was found in five dogs (2.6%) and two cats (2.7%). Isolates were of spa types t011, t034, t108 (all mecA-positive, ST398), and t843 (mecC-positive, ST130), typical for livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA. Except for one dog, MRSA-positive animals did not have direct contact to husbandry. ESBL-Escherichia coli (blaCTX-M/blaTEM/blaSHV genes) were present in seven dogs (3.6%), one cat (1.4%) possessed a cefotaxime-resistant Citrobacter freundii isolate (blaTEM/blaCMY-2 genes). MDRO carriage was associated with animals from veterinary medical settings (p<0.05). One dog and one rabbit carried methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. The exclusive occurrence of MRSA lineages typically described for livestock stresses the impact of MDRO strain dissemination across species barriers in regional settings. Presence of ESBL-E and LA-MRSA among pets and probable dissemination in clinical settings support the necessity of a “One Health” approach to address the potential threats due to MDRO-carrying companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Kaspar
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexa von Lützau
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlattmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, FU Berlin, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Köck
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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36
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Projahn M, Daehre K, Semmler T, Guenther S, Roesler U, Friese A. Environmental adaptation and vertical dissemination of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli in an integrated broiler production chain in the absence of an antibiotic treatment. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:1017-1026. [PMID: 29345080 PMCID: PMC6196392 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence numbers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-)/plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken and their distribution along the broiler production chain is an ongoing problem in food production. We, therefore, investigated resistant isolates along the broiler production chain to determine whether there is a constantly occurring direct vertical transmission of the ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli from the parent flocks to their offspring or not. We, furthermore, analysed the isolates concerning the occurrence of virulence factors and their ability to form biofilms to estimate their potential to effectively colonize broiler chickens and/or persist and survive in the environment of the broiler production facilities. Using whole genome sequencing, we could show that ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli were likely transferred in a step-wise process along the broiler production chain but not directly from the parent flock to the fattening flock with every single batch of offspring chickens. Additionally, resistant E. coli strains showing an extraintestinal pathogenic genotype as well as high numbers of virulence-associated genes including the production of curli fibres and cellulose have high capabilities to persist and spread in the broiler production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Projahn
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Present address:
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, D‐12277BerlinGermany
| | - Katrin Daehre
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
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37
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Todd JR, Matsumoto T, Ueno R, Murugaiyan J, Britten A, King JW, Odaka Y, Oberle A, Weise C, Roesler U, Pore RS. Medical phycology 2017. Med Mycol 2018; 56:S188-S204. [PMID: 29767780 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2014, ISHAM formed a new working group: "Medical Phycology: Protothecosis and Chlorellosis." The purpose of this working group is to help facilitate collaboration and communication among people interested in the pathogenic algae, to share ideas and work together. Here we present reports on recent work we have done in five areas. 1. The history of medical phycology as a branch of science. 2. Aspects of the genetics of Prototheca. 3. Aspects of the proteins of Prototheca. 4. Human infections caused by Prototheca. 5. Dairy cow mastitis caused by Prototheca.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Todd
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Ryohei Ueno
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Center for Infectious Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - John W King
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Odaka
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnold Oberle
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christoph Weise
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Center for Infectious Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Scott Pore
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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38
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Moawad AA, Hotzel H, Neubauer H, Ehricht R, Monecke S, Tomaso H, Hafez HM, Roesler U, El-Adawy H. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from healthy broilers in Egypt: emergence of colistin-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:39. [PMID: 30250514 PMCID: PMC6148799 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poultry remains one of the most important reservoir for zoonotic multidrug resistant pathogens. The global rise of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is of reasonable concern and demands intensified surveillance. Methods In 2016, 576 cloacal swabs were collected from 48 broiler farms located in five governorates in northern Egypt. Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae could be cultivated on different media and were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and PCR. Escherichia coli isolates were genotyped by DNA-microarray-based assays. The antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antibiotics was determined and resistance-associated genes were detected. The VITEK-2 system was applied for phenotypical confirmation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates. The determination of colistin resistance was carried out phenotypically using E-test and genotypically using PCR for detection of the mcr-1 gene. Results Out of 576 samples, 72 representatives of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and identified as 63 E. coli (87.5%), 5 Enterobacter cloacae (6.9%), 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.8%) and 2 Citrobacter spp. (2.8%). Seven out of 56 cultivated E. coli (12.5%) were confirmed as ESBL-producing E. coli and one isolate (1.8%) as ESBL/carbapenemase-producing E. coli. Five out of 63 E. coli isolates (7.9%) recovered from different poultry flocks were phenotypically resistant to colistin and harboured mcr-1 gene. Conclusions This is the first study reporting colistin resistance and emergence of multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from healthy broilers in the Nile Delta region, Egypt. Colistin-resistant E. coli in poultry is of public health significance. The global rise of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria demands intensified surveillance. ESBL-producing E. coli in poultry farms in Egypt are of major concern that emphasizes the possibility of spread of such strains to humans. The results also reinforce the need to develop strategies and to implement specific control procedures to reduce the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Moawad
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Provincial Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health Research, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- 4Alere Technologies GmbH, Löbstedter Str. 103-105, 07749 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- 4Alere Technologies GmbH, Löbstedter Str. 103-105, 07749 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.,6Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hafez M Hafez
- 3Institute for Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Königsweg 63, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- 7Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University Berlin, Robert-von Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.,8Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
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39
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von Tippelskirch P, Gölz G, Projahn M, Daehre K, Friese A, Roesler U, Alter T, Orquera S. Prevalence and quantitative analysis of ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in broiler chicken during slaughter in Germany. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 281:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Rosen K, Roesler U, Merle R, Friese A. Persistent and Transient Airborne MRSA Colonization of Piglets in a Newly Established Animal Model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1542. [PMID: 30057576 PMCID: PMC6053491 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) was first found in 2005 and is up to date widespread in animal husbandry reservoir – focusing on pig farming. The regular detectability of MRSA in the air of pigsties as well as in exhaust air of pig farms (mean count: 102 cfu/m3) poses the question whether an airborne spread and, therefore, a MRSA colonization of animals via the airborne route exists. To answer this question, we exposed three groups of nine MRSA-negative tested piglets each to a defined airborne MRSA concentration (102, 104, and 106 cfu/m3) in our aerosol chamber for 24 h. In the following observation period of 21 days, the MRSA status of the piglets was monitored by taking different swab samples (nasal, pharyngeal, skin, conjunctival, and rectal swab). At the end of the experiment, we euthanized the piglets and investigated different tissues and organs for the spread of MRSA. The data of our study imply the presence of an airborne MRSA colonization route: the animals exposed to 106 cfu/m3 MRSA in the air were persistent colonized. The piglets exposed to an airborne MRSA concentration of 104 cfu/m3 were transient, and the piglets exposed to an airborne MRSA concentration of 102 cfu/m3 were not colonized. Consequently, a colonization via the airborne route was proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Rosen
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Vu TTT, Alter T, Roesler U, Roschanski N, Huehn S. Investigation of Extended-Spectrum and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in Berlin, Germany. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1079-1086. [PMID: 29897274 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retail seafood in Berlin, Germany, was investigated to detect the prevalence and quantitative load of Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC). A total of 160 raw seafood samples were screened for the presence of these bacteria using MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime after nonselective enrichment. Isolated species were subsequently identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight analysis. ESBL and AmpC production was tested by the disk diffusion method, and ESBL and AmpC genes were characterized using real-time and conventional PCR assays with DNA sequencing. Spread plating was used for quantification of ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Overall, these bacteria were detected in 21.3% of seafood samples (34 of 160 samples) with prevalences of 22.5 and 20% for shrimp and bivalves, respectively. Of the positive samples, 91.2% contained an ESBL- or AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae load of <100 CFU/g (lower detection limit), and 8.8% contained 100 to 1,000 CFU/g. Among the 45 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae (13 isolates) and Escherichia coli (12 isolates) were the predominant species. ESBL and AmpC genes were detected in 33 isolates, with the majority of isolates harboring blaCTX-M (27.3%), blaCMY (21.2%), or blaDHA (21.2%). Our study highlights the hazard associated with seafood containing ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Germany. Even though the contamination levels were low, the high prevalence of ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in seafood might be of concern to public health because of the potential transmission of these bacteria from seafood to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Uwe Roesler
- 2 Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Nicole Roschanski
- 2 Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Stephan Huehn
- 3 Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Science, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Roschanski N, Guenther S, Vu TTT, Fischer J, Semmler T, Huehn S, Alter T, Roesler U. VIM-1 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from retail seafood, Germany 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22. [PMID: 29090680 PMCID: PMC5718389 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.43.17-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenems belong to the group of last resort antibiotics in human medicine. Therefore, the emergence of growing numbers of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in food-producing animals or the environment is worrying and an important concern for the public health sector. In the present study, a set of 45 Enterobacteriaceae isolated from German retail seafood (clams and shrimps), sampled in 2016, were investigated by real-time PCR for the presence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria. One Escherichia coli (ST10), isolated from a Venus clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) harvested in the Mediterranean Sea (Italy), contained the carbapenemase gene blaVIM-1 as part of the variable region of a class I integron. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that the integron was embedded in a Tn3-like transposon that also contained the fluoroquinolone resistance gene qnrS1. Additional resistance genes such as the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase blaSHV-12 and the AmpC gene blaACC-1 were also present in this isolate. Except blaACC-1, all resistance genes were located on an IncY plasmid. These results confirm previous observations that carbapenemase-producing bacteria have reached the food chain and are of increasing concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Roschanski
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thi Thu Tra Vu
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennie Fischer
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Huehn
- Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Life Science and Technology, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Daehre K, Projahn M, Semmler T, Roesler U, Friese A. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-/AmpC Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Broiler Farms: Transmission Dynamics at Farm Level. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:511-518. [PMID: 28981392 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and/or AmpC beta-lactamase- (AmpC) producing Enterobacteriaceae in livestock, especially in broiler fattening flocks, has been demonstrated in previous studies. Nevertheless, data on transmission routes of these resistant bacteria into the fattening farms are rare. Therefore, seven broiler fattening flocks were investigated for the occurrence of ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae during the course of the fattening period with the special focus on horizontal transmission routes. ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae from both individual animals and their housing environment were isolated at different time points and the housing environment was even sampled before the arrival of the chickens. All obtained ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae were examined for their bacterial species, Escherichia coli phylogroup, and occurrence of resistance genes. Selected isolates were further analyzed via whole-genome sequencing. All seven investigated flocks were tested positive for ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae with widely varying prevalence between the flocks. In one flock, the ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae were already detected in the housing environment before the arrival of the animals. In general, among the different types of ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae determined E. coli harboring a blaCMY-2 gene was the most frequent. Using whole-genome analyses we observed a horizontal transmission of ESBL-/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae through contaminated housing environment as two flocks consecutively fattened in the same farm harbored closely related ESBL-producing isolates. This demonstrates the influence of a previous fattened flock on the ESBL-/AmpC-status of a following broiler flock and, therefore, the importance of hygiene measures on farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Daehre
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health , Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Projahn
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health , Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- 2 Robert Koch Institute , NG 1 - Microbial Genomics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health , Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health , Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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44
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Jagielski T, Dyląg M, Roesler U, Murugaiyan J. Isolation of infectious microalga Prototheca wickerhamii from a carp (Cyprinus carpio) - a first confirmed case report of protothecosis in a fish. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1417-1421. [PMID: 28300290 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Protothecosis is a rare infection caused by environmentally ubiquitous achlorophyllic microalgae of the genus Prototheca. Here, we describe a first case of protothecosis in a carp (Cyprinus carpio), which is at the same time the first case of protothecosis in a fish, confirmed by phenotype- and molecular-based methods, including PCR sequencing of the rDNA cluster and protein profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jagielski
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dyląg
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - U Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Hille K, Ruddat I, Schmid A, Hering J, Hartmann M, von Münchhausen C, Schneider B, Messelhäusser U, Friese A, Mansfeld R, Käsbohrer A, Hörmansdorfer S, Roesler U, Kreienbrock L. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli in dairy and beef cattle farms—Joint analyses of two cross-sectional investigations in Germany. Prev Vet Med 2017; 142:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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Roschanski N, Falgenhauer L, Grobbel M, Guenther S, Kreienbrock L, Imirzalioglu C, Roesler U. Retrospective survey of mcr-1 and mcr-2 in German pig-fattening farms, 2011-2012. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:266-271. [PMID: 28545990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In November 2015, the first plasmid-encoded colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, was described in animals and in humans in China. Subsequently, a multitude of further studies was performed and quite recently the global spread of mcr-1 as well as the occurrence of a new gene variant, mcr-2, was reported. To obtain an overview of the occurrence of the colistin resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-2 in German pig farms, a retrospective study, including 436 boot swab and pooled faecal samples collected from 58 pig-fattening farms throughout Germany, was performed. Whilst mcr-2 was not detected, the presence of mcr-1 was confirmed in 43 Escherichia coli isolates from 15 farms, indicating that the mcr-1 gene was present in 9.9% of the analysed samples and 25.9% of the investigated pig farms. Subsequent characterisation of the isolates showed colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4-8 µg/mL, with most isolates being resistant to several antibiotics including cephalosporins and/or fluoroquinolones. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed great heterogeneity among the tested mcr-1-positive isolates. However, further analyses of 15 selected E. coli isolates (one per mcr-1-positive farm) indicated that the colistin resistance genes were predominantly located on IncX4 plasmids, highly similar to a plasmid initially isolated from an E. coli derived from a human patient in Brazil. The results described herein support the already expressed concern for public health and further underline the need for monitoring programmes in veterinary practice as well as in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Roschanski
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Linda Falgenhauer
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Medical Microbiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Grobbel
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department: Biological Safety, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, Buenteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Can Imirzalioglu
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Medical Microbiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Murugaiyan J, Roesler U. MALDI-TOF MS Profiling-Advances in Species Identification of Pests, Parasites, and Vectors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:184. [PMID: 28555175 PMCID: PMC5430024 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrate pests and parasites of humans, animals, and plants continue to cause serious diseases and remain as a high treat to agricultural productivity and storage. The rapid and accurate species identification of the pests and parasites are needed for understanding epidemiology, monitoring outbreaks, and designing control measures. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling has emerged as a rapid, cost effective, and high throughput technique of microbial species identification in modern diagnostic laboratories. The development of soft ionization techniques and the release of commercial pattern matching software platforms has resulted in the exponential growth of applications in higher organisms including parasitology. The present review discusses the proof-of-principle experiments and various methods of MALDI MS profiling in rapid species identification of both laboratory and field isolates of pests, parasites and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
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Murugaiyan J, Eravci M, Weise C, Roesler U. Mass spectrometry data from label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of harmless and pathogenic strains of infectious microalgae, Prototheca spp. Data Brief 2017; 12:320-326. [PMID: 28480323 PMCID: PMC5407497 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide the dataset associated with our research article 'label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of harmless and pathogenic strains of infectious microalgae, Prototheca spp.' (Murugaiyan et al., 2017) [1]. This dataset describes liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based protein identification and quantification of a non-infectious strain, Prototheca zopfii genotype 1 and two strains associated with severe and mild infections, respectively, P. zopfii genotype 2 and Prototheca blaschkeae. Protein identification and label-free quantification was carried out by analysing MS raw data using the MaxQuant-Andromeda software suit. The expressional level differences of the identified proteins among the strains were computed using Perseus software and the results were presented in [1]. This DiB provides the MaxQuant output file and raw data deposited in the PRIDE repository with the dataset identifier PXD005305.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Murat Eravci
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Guenther S, Falgenhauer L, Semmler T, Imirzalioglu C, Chakraborty T, Roesler U, Roschanski N. Environmental emission of multiresistantEscherichia colicarrying the colistin resistance genemcr-1from German swine farms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1289-1292. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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50
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Wareth G, Melzer F, Böttcher D, El-Diasty M, El-Beskawy M, Rasheed N, Schmoock G, Roesler U, Sprague LD, Neubauer H. Molecular typing of isolates obtained from aborted foetuses in Brucella-free Holstein dairy cattle herd after immunisation with Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine in Egypt. Acta Trop 2016; 164:267-271. [PMID: 27664334 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis is endemic in Egypt in spite of application of surveillance and control measures. An increase of abortions was reported in a Holstein dairy cattle herd with 600 animals in Damietta governorate in Egypt after immunisation with Brucella (B.) abortus RB51 vaccine. Twenty one (10.6%) of 197 vaccinated cows aborted after 3 months. All aborted cows had been tested seronegative for brucellosis in the past 3 years. B. abortus was isolated from four foetuses. Conventional biochemical and bacteriological identification and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed two B. abortus biovar (bv.) 1 smooth and two B. abortus rough strains. None of the B. abortus isolates were identified as RB51. Genotyping analysis by multiple locus of variable number tandem repeats analysis based on 16 markers (MLVA-16) revealed two different profiles with low genetic diversity. B. abortus bv1 was introduced in the herd and caused abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Denny Böttcher
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Diasty
- Animal Health Research Institute-Mansoura Provincial Laboratory, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Nesma Rasheed
- Animal Health Research Institute-Mansoura Provincial Laboratory, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gernot Schmoock
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin. Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa D Sprague
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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