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Khan AY, Waheed F, Rehan M, Arshad Z, Iqbal T, Waqar S, Waheed U. Hematological Trends in Severe Burn Patients: A Comprehensive Study for Prognosis and Clinical Insights. J Burn Care Res 2024:irae057. [PMID: 38602154 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Severe burn injuries pose diagnostic challenges, contributing to increased fatality rates with delayed diagnoses. This study aims to identify early risk factors and understand their impact on clinical outcomes by examining hematological dynamics in severe burn cases. The focus includes age-related patterns, Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) affected by burns, hospital stay duration, and changes in hematological markers during burn injuries. An analytical cross-sectional study at the Burn Care Centre involved 135 participants hospitalized between January 2018 and December 2021. Demographic data and hematological markers were recorded, with statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 25.0. Non-survivors exhibited a greater mean TBSA, shorter hospital stay, and an enhanced early immune response indicated by WBC count on the first day. Hematological markers, including HGB, RCC, and PLT, showed dynamic patterns over the study period. Marginal variations in platelet counts and intriguing patterns in RCC suggested potential consequences like disseminated intravascular coagulation. The study provides crucial insights into hematological responses to severe burn injuries. Early identification of risk factors, particularly age-related patterns and immune responses, informs clinicians about predicting outcomes and guiding therapeutic interventions. Despite limitations, this work underscores the need for further multi-center research to comprehensively understand the complex relationships between burn injuries, hematological responses, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Yousuf Khan
- Medical Officer, Burns Surgery Department, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Waheed
- Medical Officer, Burns Surgery Department, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rehan
- Resident Surgeon, Burns Surgery Department, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zunera Arshad
- Research Assistant, Burn Care Centre (BCC), Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Iqbal
- Head of Department, Burns Surgery Department, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saman Waqar
- Assistant Professor , Pathology Department ,PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Epidemiologist, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Rehan M, Iqbal T, Khawar Khokhar O, Aziz Khan A, Ain QU, Waheed U. Domestic Cylinder Blasts: A Neglected Torpedo. J Burn Care Res 2024; 45:398-403. [PMID: 37879628 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
High-pressure cylinders are used to store liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). An instant and swift explosion of these cylinders can result in serious burn injuries. This current research was conducted to study the epidemiological characteristics of LPG-related burns to highlight a major public health issue. Analysis was conducted on patients with LPG-related burns over a span of 10 years admitted to our center between January 2011 and December 2020. The data recorded included demographic features, site of burn, %TBSA, associated injuries, and outcomes. The variable data were documented for every patient in a Microsoft Excel file and analyzed by IBM SPSS version 25.0. Over the span of 10 years, 678 patients were affected by LPG-related accidents. The peak incidence was seen in 2019 when there was a surge to 18.03%. The patient's age ranged from 1 to 79 years, with a median of 40.86 ± 15.27 years. Of the 678 patients, 52.50% were males and 47.50% were females. The majority (57.96%) of patients had a total BSA of >60% and 86.72% were diagnosed with inhalation injury. The majority of burns (84.66%) occurred at home. The mean hospital stay was 24.5 days. The total mortality rate was 59.58%. This study concludes that LPG cylinder blast is a preventable cause that can be minimized by making people aware of its safe use and by arranging awareness programs at every national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rehan
- Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, National Burn Care Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 04403, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Iqbal
- Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, National Burn Care Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 04403, Pakistan
| | - Omar Khawar Khokhar
- Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, National Burn Care Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 04403, Pakistan
| | - Amna Aziz Khan
- Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, National Burn Care Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 04403, Pakistan
| | - Qurrat Ul Ain
- Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, National Burn Care Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 04403, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Burn and Reconstructive Surgery, National Burn Care Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 04403, Pakistan
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Arshad Z, Rehan M, Iqbal T, Waheed U, Zafar H, Pervaiz S, -Ain QU, Shais Khan M, Hassaan Tariq M. Treadmill Versus Overground Gait Training in Patients with Lower Limb Burn Injury: A Comparative Study. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:1150-1153. [PMID: 36964917 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of the rehabilitation services offered to patients with lower limb burns is to enhance gait function. Exercise on a treadmill and conventional overground gait training are the two most widespread gait-training methods. Numerous studies have been published in the literature that claim treadmill training helps people walk more easily. Therefore, it would be intriguing to investigate whether treadmill gait training affects the progress made by post-lower limb burn patients compared to traditional overground gait training. The goal of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of treadmill training and traditional physical therapy therapies for improving gait after lower limb burn injury. A comparative study was conducted between January to August 2022 at a burns care unit, in Islamabad. All the participants were informed about the study procedure and consent was taken before initiating the study. All the participants received the set standard of Burn Rehabilitation by the American Burn Association (ABA). The program consists of ROM exercises, mobilization, functional mobility, stretching, balance training, and resisted exercises for enhancing muscle power. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 24.0 software. The study subjects selected were 30 burn patients, aged above 18 years, vitally stable, and had lower limb burn injuries with an average TBSA (total burn surface area) of 20-30%. The mean for the Experimental is 18.86 and for the control group is 21.13. Patients were randomly either assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The Experimental group had a lower Time Up and Go test score of 11.86 ± 3.58 (9.50-24.07) as compared to the control group's TUG score (of 12.78 ± 4.41 (6.30-24.07). Functional mobility significantly improved as the P < 0.05. The total mean scores calculated on the Tampa Kinesiophobia scale for the Experimental group were 35.66 ± 6.32 which was less compared with those of the control group 37.93 ± 6.36. It demonstrates that fear of movement was reduced for treadmill training participants. Comparison of pre-distance (350.9 ± 86.82), pre-velocity (62.78 ± 20.20), and post-distance (385.02 ± 32.29), post-velocity 40.48 ± 21.91 of the experimental group with the control group pre-distance (339.26 ± 98.17), pre-velocity (55.07 ± 22.63), post-distance (383.07 ± 36.914), and post-velocity (40.57 ± 21.95) showed significant changes in results. In contrast to traditional gait training, treadmill training significantly improves walking ability in burn patients with lower limb damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunera Arshad
- Burn Care Centre (BCC), Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rehan
- Burns Surgery Department, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Iqbal
- Head of Department, Burns Surgery Department, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hirza Zafar
- Burns Surgery Department, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Pervaiz
- Burn Care Centre (BCC), Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurat-Ul -Ain
- Burns Surgery Department, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Arshad Z, Rehan M, Iqbal T, Waheed U. Reply to Letter to the Editor Concerning the Article: "Treadmill Versus Overground Gait Training in Patients with Lower Limb Burn Injury: A Comparative Study". J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:1259. [PMID: 37348065 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zunera Arshad
- Burn Care Centre (BCC), Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rehan
- Burns Surgery Department, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Iqbal
- Burns Surgery Department, BCC, PIMS, SZABMU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Burn Care Centre (BCC), Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Saeed MA, Khan AU, Ehtisham-ul-Haque S, Waheed U, Qamar MF, Rehman AU, Nasir A, Zaman MA, Kashif M, Gonzalez JP, El-Adawy H. Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Genetic Determinants in Gram-Negative Fecal-Microbiota of Wild Birds and Chicken Originated at Trimmu Barrage. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1376. [PMID: 37760673 PMCID: PMC10525410 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) give rise to resistance against penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics in multiple bacterial species. The present study was conducted to map genetic determinants and related attributes of ESBL-producing bacteria in three wild aquatic bird species and chickens at the "Trimmu Barrage" in district Jhang, Punjab province, Pakistan. To study the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria, a total of 280 representative samples were collected from wild bird species; cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis), little egrets (Egretta garzetta) and common teals (Anas crecca) as well as from indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) originating from a local wet market. The isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers using a double disc synergy test (DDST) and bacterial species were identified using API-20E and 20NE strips. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect ESBL genetic determinants and for genus identification via 16S rRNA gene amplification. A phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for ESBL-producing isolates against 12 clinically relevant antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequence data obtained in this study and comparative sequence data obtained from GenBank. The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria was 34.64% (97/280). The highest percentage (44.28%; 31/70) of ESBL-producing bacteria was recovered from chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), followed by little egrets (Egretta garzetta) (41.43%; 29/70), common teal (Anas crecca) (28.57%; 20/70) and cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) (24.28%; 17/70). Five different ESBL-producing bacteria were identified biochemically and confirmed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which included Escherichia coli (72; 74.23%), Enterobacter cloacae (11; 11.34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8; 8.25%), Salmonella enterica (4; 4.12%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2; 2.06%). Based on PCR, the frequency of obtained ESBL genes in 97 isolates was blaCTX-M (51.55%), blaTEM (20.62%), blaOXA (6.18%) and blaSHV (2.06%). In addition, gene combinations blaCTX-M + blaTEM, blaTEM + blaOXA and blaCTX-M + blaSHV were also detected in 16.49%, 2.06% and 1.03% of isolates, respectively. The ESBL gene variation was significant (p = 0.02) in different bacterial species while non-significant in relation to different bird species (p = 0.85). Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequence data confirmed the existence of CTX-M-15 and TEM betalactamases. The average susceptibility of the antibiotics panel used was lowest for both Klebsiella pneumoniae (62.5% ± 24.42) and Salmonella enterica (62.5% ± 31.08) as compared to Enterobacter cloacae (65.90% ± 21.62), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (70.83% ± 33.42) and Escherichia coli (73.83% ± 26.19). This study provides insight into the role of aquatic wild birds as reservoirs of ESBL-producing bacteria at Trimmu Barrage, Punjab, Pakistan. Hence, active bio-surveillance and environment preservation actions are necessitated to curb antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Saeed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Aman Ullah Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Syed Ehtisham-ul-Haque
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Fiaz Qamar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Aziz ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Amar Nasir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Muhammad Arfan Zaman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 35516, Egypt
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Shakoor N, Adeel M, Ahmad MA, Zain M, Waheed U, Javaid RA, Haider FU, Azeem I, Zhou P, Li Y, Jilani G, Xu M, Rinklebe J, Rui Y. Reimagining safe lithium applications in the living environment and its impacts on human, animal, and plant system. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2023; 15:100252. [PMID: 36891261 PMCID: PMC9988428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lithium's (Li) ubiquitous distribution in the environment is a rising concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry. Li enigmatic entry into the terrestrial food chain raises many questions and uncertainties that may pose a grave threat to living biota. We examined the leverage existing published articles regarding advances in global Li resources, interplay with plants, and possible involvement with living organisms, especially humans and animals. Globally, Li concentration (<10-300 mg kg-1) is detected in agricultural soil, and their pollutant levels vary with space and time. High mobility of Li results in higher accumulation in plants, but the clear mechanisms and specific functions remain unknown. Our assessment reveals the causal relationship between Li level and biota health. For example, lower Li intake (<0.6 mM in serum) leads to mental disorders, while higher intake (>1.5 mM in serum) induces thyroid, stomach, kidney, and reproductive system dysfunctions in humans and animals. However, there is a serious knowledge gap regarding Li regulatory standards in environmental compartments, and mechanistic approaches to unveil its consequences are needed. Furthermore, aggressive efforts are required to define optimum levels of Li for the normal functioning of animals, plants, and humans. This review is designed to revitalize the current status of Li research and identify the key knowledge gaps to fight back against the mountainous challenges of Li during the recent digital revolution. Additionally, we propose pathways to overcome Li problems and develop a strategy for effective, safe, and acceptable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ahmad
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Department of Botany, University of Lakki Marwat, KP, 28420, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Jhang-campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Arsalan Javaid
- Crop Science Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Imran Azeem
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingfan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Ming Xu
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Germany
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Saeed MA, Saqlain M, Waheed U, Ehtisham-Ul-Haque S, Khan AU, Rehman AU, Sajid M, Atif FA, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Cross-Sectional Study for Detection and Risk Factor Analysis of ESBL-Producing Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Associated with Backyard Chickens in Pakistan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050934. [PMID: 37237837 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in backyard chicken farming in Pakistan is of serious concern. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and risk factors associated with ESBL avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) isolated from backyard chickens in the Jhang district, Punjab, Pakistan. In total, 320 cloacal swabs were collected from four breeds of backyard chicken (Aseel, Golden, Misri and Necked Neck). ESBL E. coli were phenotypically identified using double disc synergy test (DDST) and corresponding genes were confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). Out of the 320 samples, 164 (51.3%) were confirmed as E. coli, while 74 (45.1%) were characterized as ESBL E. coli. The frequency of isolation of ESBL E. coli was highest in Aseel chickens (35.1%). Of the 164 confirmed E. coli, 95.1%, 78.6%, 76.8%, 71.3%, 70.1%, 68.9%, 60.4% and 57.3% were resistant against tylosin, doxycycline, cefotaxime, enrofloxacin, colistin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, respectively. The ESBL gene types detected and their corresponding proportions were blaCTX-M (54.1 %, 40/74), blaTEM, (12.2%, 9/74) and co-existence (blaCTX-M and blaTEM) were shown in 33.8% (25/74). The blaCTX-M gene sequence showed homology to blaCTX-M-15 from clinical isolates. The mean multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was found to be higher among ESBL E. coli (0.25) when compared to non-ESBL E. coli (0.17). Both free-range husbandry management system (p = 0.02, OR: 30.00, 95% CI = 1.47-611.79) and high antimicrobial usage in the last 6 months (p = 0.01, OR: 25.17, 95% CI = 1.81-348.71) were found significantly associated with isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli in the tested samples using binary logistic regression analysis. This study confirmed the potential of backyard chickens as a reservoir for ESBL E. coli in the Jhang district, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Saeed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqlain
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ehtisham-Ul-Haque
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Aman Ullah Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Ahmad Atif
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 35516, Egypt
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Saeed MA, Waheed U, Ehtisham-Ul-Haque S, Khan AU, Kashif M, Qamar MF, Ghafoor A, Saqlain M, Asghar J. Incidence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli of avifauna origin in Pakistan. Pol J Vet Sci 2023; 26:47-55. [PMID: 36961268 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.145006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Members of Enterobacteriaceae are known to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) which hydrolyze the beta-lactam group of antibiotics. The existence of ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) harbored by urban avifauna was investigated in this study. Dropping samples (n= 180) were collected from six different bird species in the district Jhang, Punjab province, Pakistan. Isolation and identification of ESBL isolates were made by using cefotaxime- (4 mg/L) supplemented MacConkey agar and double disc synergy test (DDST). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection of four different ESBL genes including blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaOXA. A total of 42.69% isolates were confirmed as ESBL via DDST including 30.64% S. enterica and 49.54% E. coli. The incidence of ESBL S. enterica and ESBL E. coli was found highest in egret (Ardea alba) and pigeon (Columba livia) as 64.28% and 78.95%, respectively. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 57.89% and 64.81% of isolates of S. enterica and E. coli, respectively. Among other genes in S. enterica and E. coli, blaTEM (21.05%, 20.4%); blaSHV (15.78%, 9.26%), and blaOXA (5.26%, 5.56%) were detected, respectively. All of the tested isolates were found resistant to at least one of the thirteen antimicrobial agents except meropenem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the incidence and genetic diversity of ESBL bacteria associated with urban avifauna in Pakistan. The urban avifauna can serve as a potential subject of bio-surveillance to monitor the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Saeed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - U Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - S Ehtisham-Ul-Haque
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - A U Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - M Kashif
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - M F Qamar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - A Ghafoor
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - M Saqlain
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - J Asghar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
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9
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Saeed M, Waheed U, Wazeer A, Saba N. Do We Need Pakistan-Specific Reference Ranges in Laboratory Medicine? J Lab Physicians 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Pathology, Tehsil Headquarters Hospital, Murree, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Provincial Ministry of Health, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Noore Saba
- Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Provincial Ministry of Health, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Pakistan
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10
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Willis S, Waheed U, Coward T, Myant C. An automated design pipeline for transparent facial orthoses: A clinical study. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00508-X. [PMID: 36543702 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Transparent facial orthoses (TFOs) are commonly used for the treatment of craniomaxillofacial trauma and burns to prevent hypertrophic and keloid scarring. A TFO is typically customized to the patient's facial contours and relies on a precise fit to ensure good rehabilitative performance. A smart method of TFO design and manufacture is needed which does not require an experienced prosthetist, allowing for rapidly produced, well-fitting TFOs. Whether the rapid application reduces the final level of patient scarring is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to determine whether a scalable, automated design-through-manufacture pipeline for patient specific TFO fabrication would be successful. MATERIAL AND METHODS The automated pipeline received a 3-dimensional (3D) facial scan captured from a depth sensitive mobile phone camera. The scan was cleaned, aligned, and fit to a template mesh, with a known connectivity. The resultant fitted scan was passed into an automated design pipeline, outputting a 3D printable model of a custom TFO. The TFOs were fabricated with 3D printing and were both physically and digitally evaluated to test the fidelity of a digital fit testing system. RESULTS A total of 10 individuals were scanned with 5 different scanning technologies (STs). All scans were passed through an automated fitting pipeline and categorized into 2 groups. Each ST was digitally fitted to a ground truth scan. In this manner, a Euclidean distance map was built to the actual facial geometry for each scan. Heatmaps of 3D Euclidean distances were made for all participant faces. CONCLUSIONS The ability to automatically design and manufacture a custom fitted TFO using commercially available 3D scanning and 3D printing technology was successfully demonstrated. After considering equipment size and operational personnel requirements, vat polymerization (VP) technology was found to be the most promising route to TFO manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Willis
- Research Assistant, Advanced Manufacturing Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Usman Waheed
- Postdoctoral Research Associate, Advanced Manufacturing Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor Coward
- Professor, Maxillofacial Prosthetic Rehabilitation, Academic Centre of Reconstruction, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Connor Myant
- Senior Lecturer & Assistant Professor, Advanced Manufacturing Lab, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Uzair M, Farooq A, Arshad M, Waheed U, Ullah RH, Bashir S. Evaluating Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices among Pakistani Population regarding COVID-19: An Online Survey-Based Study. Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim The study aims to analyze the knowledge, awareness, and practices among the Pakistani population.
Study Method This is an online survey-based study conducted in July 2020 among the general public of Pakistan. Pretested and structured self-administered questionnaire, designed on Google Forms Inc., was used to collect data. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and measurable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) knowledge data. Assessments on participants' attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 included questions on transmission, symptoms knowledge, and preventive measures.
Results Among the survey completers (n = 962) 61% (n = 590) were male and 39% (n = 372) were female. The majority of participants is aged 18 to 25 and belonged to Punjab. The participants had moderate knowledge regarding disease origin, clinical features, symptoms, and prevention. A vast majority of participants had good knowledge of symptoms and prevention measurements. A good number of participants were also practicing precautionary measures. The majority of participants utilize media and government authorities as authoritative sources of information. The population was also satisfied with the information given by the government.
Conclusion Participants have moderate knowledge regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, reflected by a positive attitude and safe practices. There are gaps in knowledge of the virus, its origin, and transmission. Rumors affect the psychology of people, which may lead to the worst situation of panic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Farooq
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Hissan Ullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital - Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Zafar MA, Shafique M, Zahoor MA, Saqalein M, Aslam B, Arshad MI, Waheed U, Kashif M. Evaluation of seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in District Jhang-Pakistan. J HELL VET MED SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.12681/jhvms.26205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection caused by a pathogenic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, responsible for huge economic and health losses in developing countries. The current study was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis and associated risk factors in sheep and goats in District Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. Blood samples (n=400) were collected from both genders of goats (n=219) and sheep (n=181) from four Tehsils of District Jhang alongwith a comprehensive questionnaire to evaluate the risk factors associated with the disease endemicity and spread. For assessing the seroprevalence, the samples were examined using Latex agglutination test. Additional data regarding hygienic conditions, water source, gender, breed, age of animal was also collected on a predesigned questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii was found 34.25% (137/400) in District Jhang. Higher seroprevalence was recorded in goats {36.52% (80/219)} as compared to sheep {31.49% (57/181)}, however, it was non-significant (p>0.05). Gender-wise seroprevalence was found 32.59% (44/135) and 35.09% (93/265) in male and female animals, respectively (p>0.05). Further, the association of Toxoplasmosis between different age groups was significantly higher in older animals having age >24 months 42.75% (62/145) than younger animals with age <12 months 26.60% (29/109) and 11-24 months 31.50% (46/146) (p<0.05). The seroprevalence was also higher 40.81% (80/196) in animals drinking water from outdoor water source than in animals drinking from indoor water source 27.94% (57/204) (p<0.05). Moreover, seroprevalence was significantly higher 43.11% (97/225) in animals kept in vicinity of cats than in absence of cats 22.85% (40/175) (p<0.05). However, reproductive status, breeds, flock size had non-significant impact on the prevalence of T. gondii. Thus, it is concluded that the presence of cats near animals, larger flock size, older age of animals, and poor hygienic conditions are main risk factors of Toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats and these could be a potential threat of infection for livestock industry and public health.
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13
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Huq F, Manners E, O'Callaghan D, Thakuria L, Weaver C, Waheed U, Stümpfle R, Brett SJ, Patel P, Soni S. Patient outcomes following transfer between intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:398-404. [PMID: 35226964 PMCID: PMC9111416 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transferring critically ill patients between intensive care units (ICU) is often required in the UK, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a paucity of data examining clinical outcomes following transfer of patients with COVID-19 and whether this strategy affects their acute physiology or outcome. We investigated all transfers of critically ill patients with COVID-19 between three different hospital ICUs, between March 2020 and March 2021. We focused on inter-hospital ICU transfers (those patients transferred between ICUs from different hospitals) and compared this cohort with intra-hospital ICU transfers (patients moved between different ICUs within the same hospital). A total of 507 transfers were assessed, of which 137 met the inclusion criteria. Forty-five patients underwent inter-hospital transfers compared with 92 intra-hospital transfers. There was no significant change in median compliance 6 h pre-transfer, immediately post-transfer and 24 h post-transfer in patients who underwent either intra-hospital or inter-hospital transfers. For inter-hospital transfers, there was an initial drop in median PaO2 /FI O2 ratio: from median (IQR [range]) 25.1 (17.8-33.7 [12.1-78.0]) kPa 6 h pre-transfer to 19.5 (14.6-28.9 [9.8-52.0]) kPa immediately post-transfer (p < 0.05). However, this had resolved at 24 h post-transfer: 25.4 (16.2-32.9 [9.4-51.9]) kPa. For intra-hospital transfers, there was no significant change in PaO2 /FI O2 ratio. We also found no meaningful difference in pH; PaCO2 ;, base excess; bicarbonate; or norepinephrine requirements. Our data demonstrate that patients with COVID-19 undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs may have short-term physiological deterioration when transferred between nearby hospitals but this resolves within 24 h. This finding is relevant to the UK critical care strategy in the face of unprecedented demand during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Huq
- Department of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - E Manners
- Department of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - D O'Callaghan
- Department of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - L Thakuria
- Department of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - U Waheed
- Department of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - R Stümpfle
- Department of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S J Brett
- Department of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Patel
- Department of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Soni
- Department of Critical Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, UK
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14
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Hashemi E, Waheed U, Saba N, Wazeer A. First Report from Afghanistan on the Prevalence of Blood-Borne Infections: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study for an Epidemiological Assessment. J Blood Med 2022; 13:45-50. [PMID: 35027857 PMCID: PMC8752068 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s344180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transfusion of blood and blood components has a significant role in healthcare services. However, it remains a possible risk factor for blood-borne infections. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of serological markers of common blood-borne infections among the blood donor population of Afghanistan. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study based on retrospectively collected data over a period of six years from 284 blood centres across 34 provinces of Afghanistan. Every blood donor’s sample was tested by rapid immunoassays for the serological markers of blood-borne infections namely hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), anti-human immunodeficiency virus 1/2 (anti-HIV1/2), and anti-Treponema pallidum (anti-TP). Results All blood donors during the study period were males. The majority of blood donations were from the family replacement category 56.93% (n = 544,568). The overall pooled prevalence of blood-borne infections was 4.36% with a comparatively higher percentage in family replacement donors 4.88%. The seropositivity for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV1/2, and anti-TP was 2.95%, 0.81%, 0.04%, and 0.54%, respectively. Conclusion Complete reliance on voluntary blood donors and screening with quality assured highly sensitive assay is recommended to ensure blood safety in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayatullah Hashemi
- Afghan National Blood Safety and Transfusion Service, General Directorate of Curative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Afghan National Blood Safety and Transfusion Service, General Directorate of Curative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Noore Saba
- Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Provincial Ministry of Health, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Mirpur Regional Blood Centre, State Ministry of Health, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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15
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Saeed MA, Syed EH, Ghafor A, Yaqub T, Javeed A, Waheed U. Evaluation of Analytical Sensitivity of Sdf I based PCR and Sandwich ELISA for Salmonella Enteritidis detection and On-Farm prevalence in Punjab, Pakistan. Braz J Poult Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MA Saeed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - EH Syed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Ghafor
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - T Yaqub
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Javeed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - U Waheed
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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16
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Li S, Tan Y, Willis S, Bahshwan M, Folkes J, Kalossaka L, Waheed U, Myant C. Toward Mass Customization Through Additive Manufacturing: An Automated Design Pipeline for Respiratory Protective Equipment Validated Against 205 Faces. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:417. [PMID: 34805596 PMCID: PMC8600309 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is traditionally designed through anthropometric sizing to enable mass production. However, this can lead to long-standing problems of low-compliance, severe skin trauma, and higher fit test failure rates among certain demographic groups, particularly females and non-white ethnic groups. Additive manufacturing could be a viable solution to produce custom-fitted RPE, but the manual design process is time-consuming, cost-prohibitive and unscalable for mass customization. This paper proposes an automated design pipeline which generates the computer-aided design models of custom-fit RPE from unprocessed three-dimensional (3D) facial scans. The pipeline successfully processed 197 of 205 facial scans with <2 min/scan. The average and maximum geometric error of the mask were 0.62 mm and 2.03 mm, respectively. No statistically significant differences in mask fit were found between male and female, Asian and White, White and Others, Healthy and Overweight, Overweight and Obese, Middle age, and Senior groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Li
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 1AL, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxuan Tan
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 1AL, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Willis
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 1AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mohanad Bahshwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 1AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph Folkes
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 1AL, United Kingdom
| | - Livia Kalossaka
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 1AL, United Kingdom
| | - Usman Waheed
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 1AL, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Myant
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 1AL, United Kingdom
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17
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Waheed U, Saba N, Wazeer A, Ahmed S. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Epidemiology of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus among Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients in Pakistan. J Lab Physicians 2021; 13:270-276. [PMID: 34602793 PMCID: PMC8478510 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-thalassemia major patients are the leading consumers of blood transfusions in Pakistan and, therefore, have a greater risk of acquiring transfusion-transmitted infections, most notably hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV). The present study includes a comprehensive review on the status of HBV and HCV in beta-thalassemia major patients in Pakistan. For this purpose, we examined original articles assessing the epidemiology of HBV and HCV in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. We searched 10 major subscription databases from January through February 2020, that is, Medline, PakMediNet, CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Directory of Open Access Journals. The World Health Organization resources were also explored for relevant reports. The search criteria included published articles up to December 31, 2019, with no language restrictions. Articles identified were introduced into the Endnote version X9 software and then screened for relevance and duplication. The results were stated as the pooled prevalence for the overall study and also for region-wise subgroups. A total of 33 studies conducted from 1995 to 2019 were included in the review. All 33 articles yielded information on HCV prevalence, while 19 of them provided information on HBV prevalence. The overall sample size was 8,554 that tested the prevalence of HCV in thalassemia patients. The sample size from the 19 studies that tested the prevalence of HBV was 6,184. The overall pooled prevalence of HBV was computed to be 4.13%, while the pooled prevalence of HCV was 29.79%. The majority of the studies were obtained from the Punjab Province (33.33%), followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (24.24%). The total sample size of 33 studies was less than 10% of the total number of estimated thalassemic patients, that is, 100,000. Further studies or a national baseline survey are imperative to confirm the actual frequency of HBV and HCV in thalassemia patients across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Islamabad Blood Transfusion Authority, Ministry of National Health Services, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Noore Saba
- Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Department of Health, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.,Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Saba N, Nasir JA, Waheed U, Aslam S, Mohammad I, Wazeer A, Ahmed S, Nisar M. Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections among Voluntary and Replacement Blood Donors at the Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Lab Physicians 2021; 13:162-168. [PMID: 34483564 PMCID: PMC8409124 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Blood transfusion is linked to several risks, most notably the transmission of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria. The risk posed by these blood-borne infectious agents is high in developing countries, including Pakistan. This fact stresses the need for regular surveillance of TTIs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of TTIs at a regional blood center.
Material and Methods
This was a retrospective 4-year descriptive study undertaken at the Regional Blood Centre in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, on the blood donor data from June 2016 to May 2020. A total of 41,817 donors donated blood during the study period and were screened for HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. To ensure donor privacy, donors were identified via codes and no personal information was available. The data were extracted from the ZAAVIA blood transfusion information system database.
Results
The study included a total of 41,817 donors—41,493 (99.22%) males and 324 (0.78%) females. Of them, 22,343 (53.43%) were voluntary donors while 19,474 (46.57%) were replacement donors. An overall TTI prevalence rate of 4.61% was found. The TTI prevalence rate in voluntary donors was 3.90% while 5.42% in replacement donors. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria was 1.95, 1.38, 0.23, 0.91, and 0.14%, respectively.
Conclusion
The current study documented a high prevalence (1,929 out of 41,817, 4.61%) of TTIs, especially in replacement donors (1,057 out of 19,474, 5.42%), and low participation of female donors. The recommendations include the promotion of voluntary blood donors, enrolment of female blood donors, and screening of donated blood through highly sensitive screening assay (i.e., nucleic acid testing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noore Saba
- Department of Health, Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jamal Abdul Nasir
- Department of Health, Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Islamabad Blood Transfusion Authority, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Aslam
- Department of Pathology, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Mohammad
- Department of Health, Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nisar
- Department of Health, Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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19
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Stephens JR, Wong JLC, Broomhead R, Stümpfle R, Waheed U, Patel P, Brett SJ, Soni S. Raised serum amylase in patients with COVID-19 may not be associated with pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e152-e153. [PMID: 33793756 PMCID: PMC7929279 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Stephens
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J L C Wong
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R Broomhead
- Hammersmith Hospital , Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - R Stümpfle
- Hammersmith Hospital , Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - U Waheed
- Hammersmith Hospital , Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - P Patel
- Hammersmith Hospital , Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S J Brett
- Hammersmith Hospital , Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Soni
- Hammersmith Hospital , Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, London, UK
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20
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Farooq A, Waheed U, Saba N, Kaleem M, Majeed N, Wazeer A, Cheema NA, Ahmed S, Arshad M. Molecular and genetic characterization of hepatitis B virus among multitransfused thalassaemia patients in Islamabad, Pakistan. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:998-1002. [PMID: 34041111 PMCID: PMC8138360 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1880_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the aetiological agent of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis globally. Beta thalassaemia major individuals are at greater risk of contracting HBV infection due to multiple blood transfusions required for the medical management of these patients. Based on HBV genetic variability, it is divided into 10 genotypes. The determination of HBV genotypes has significant implications for clinical management and treatment regimens. Aim: This study was performed to assess the HBV epidemiology and circulating genotypes in multi-transfused β-thalassemia major patients with the aim to be considered while formulating the treatment pattern taking into account particular needs of thalassaemia patients. Materials and Methods: This study was performed from September 2018 to June 2019, at the Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (SZAB) Medical University, Islamabad. A total of 2,260 thalassaemia patients were enrolled in the study. The study was endorsed by the Ethics Committee of the SZAB Medical University, Islamabad. The samples were serologically screened for HBsAg on the LIAISON® XL Murex HBsAg Quant assay (DiaSorin S.p.A., Italy) a chemiluminescence based immunoassay (CLIA). HBV quantitative PCR kit was used to measure the HBV DNA in serum samples. The HBV genotypes were determined using universal primers targeting the P1 and S1 region amplification. Results: Of 2,260 thalassaemia patients, 64.6% were males while 35.4% were females. The HBsAg was identified in 98 individuals (4.33%). The PCR analysis was done for these 98 patients and in this cohort, genotype D was 59.18% (n = 58), genotype A was 21.42% (n = 21) while genotype C was 19.38% (n = 19). Conclusion: The determination of HBV genotypes in the multi-transfused patients is key to the effective management of chronic HBV patients as the severity and course of the disease is dependent on a specific type of genotypes. Quality assured screening of donated blood will prevent the incidence of HBV in thalassaemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Farooq
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Islamabad Blood Transfusion Authority, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan
| | - Noore Saba
- Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Department of Health, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Pathology, Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Najma Majeed
- Department of Health, College of Medical Technology, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Naila Arif Cheema
- Department of Biology, National University of Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Blood Bank, Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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21
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Basharat N, Waheed U, Arshad M, Saba NE, Masood I, Wazeer A, Farooq A, Moneeba S, Rauf A, Zaheer HA. Prevalence of Torque Teno Virus in Blood Donors and its Implication on Blood Safety in Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20170718190756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Khan AU, Melzer F, Hendam A, Sayour AE, Khan I, Elschner MC, Younus M, Ehtisham-Ul-Haque S, Waheed U, Farooq M, Ali S, Neubauer H, El-Adawy H. Seroprevalence and Molecular Identification of Brucella spp. in Bovines in Pakistan-Investigating Association With Risk Factors Using Machine Learning. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:594498. [PMID: 33344532 PMCID: PMC7738322 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.594498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis is a global zoonosis of public health importance. It is an endemic disease in many developing countries including Pakistan. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and molecular detection of bovine brucellosis and to assess the association of potential risk factors with test results. A total of 176 milk and 402 serum samples were collected from cattle and buffaloes in three districts of upper Punjab, Pakistan. Milk samples were investigated using milk ring test (MRT), while sera were tested by Rose–Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Real-time PCR was used for detection of Brucella DNA in investigated samples. Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in 37 (21.02%) bovine milk samples using MRT and in 66 (16.4%) and 71 (17.7%) bovine sera using RBPT and i-ELISA, respectively. Real-time PCR detected Brucella DNA in 31 (7.71%) from a total of 402 bovine sera and identified as Brucella abortus. Seroprevalence and molecular identification of bovine brucellosis varied in some regions in Pakistan. With the use of machine learning, the association of test results with risk factors including age, animal species/type, herd size, history of abortion, pregnancy status, lactation status, and geographical location was analyzed. Machine learning confirmed a real observation that lactation status was found to be the highest significant factor, while abortion, age, and pregnancy came second in terms of significance. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first time to use machine learning to assess brucellosis in Pakistan; this is a model that can be applied for other developing countries in the future. The development of control strategies for bovine brucellosis through the implementation of uninterrupted surveillance and interactive extension programs in Pakistan is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah Khan
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Ashraf Hendam
- Climate Change Information Center, Renewable Energy and Expert Systems (CCICREES), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Sayour
- Department of Brucellosis, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Mandy C Elschner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | | | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Wildlife Epidemiology and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (One Health Research Group), Discipline of Zoology Department of Wildlife & Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Waheed
- Islamabad Blood Transfusion Authority, Ministry of National Health Services, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Noore Saba
- Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Department of Health, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Qasim
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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24
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Waheed U, Noor FA, Saba N, Wazeer A, Qasim Z, Arshad M, Karimi S, Farooq A, Usman J, Zaheer HA. Genetic Diversity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Asymptomatic Blood Donors in Islamabad, Pakistan. J Lab Physicians 2020; 12:92-97. [PMID: 32905360 PMCID: PMC7467833 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The serological testing of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is mandatory under the blood safety legislation of Pakistan; hence, data exist on the prevalence of HIV in blood donors. However, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of HIV in the blood donor population. Therefore, the current study was designed to study the genetic diversity of HIV-1 infection in a population of apparently healthy treatment-naive blood donors in Islamabad, Pakistan.
Material and Methods
A total of 85,736 blood donors were tested for HIV by the chemiluminescence immunoassay. All positive donor samples were analyzed for the presence of various HIV genotypes (types and subtypes). Viral ribonucleic acid was extracted from blood samples of HIV positive donors and reverse transcribed into complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA). The cDNA of all positive donors was then analyzed for the presence of various HIV genotypes (types and subtypes) by employing subtype-specific primers in a nested polymerase chain reaction. The amplified products were run on ethidium bromide-stained 2% agarose gel and visualized using a ultraviolet transilluminator. A particular subtype was assigned to a sample if the subtype-specific reaction made a band 20% highly intense compared with the band made by the subtype-independent reaction.
Results
A total of 85,736 blood donors were screened for the presence of antibodies to HIV. Out of them, 114 were initially found reactive for HIV. The repeat testing resulted in 112 (0.13%) positive donors, 95% confidence interval 0.0014 (0.0011–0.0018). These 112 samples were analyzed for molecular typing of HIV-1. The predominant HIV-1 subtype was A (
n
= 101) (90.1%) followed by subtype B (
n
= 11) (9.9%).
Conclusion
These findings are key to understand the diversified HIV epidemic at the molecular level and should assist public health workers in implementing measures to lessen the further dissemination of these viruses in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Islamabad Blood Transfusion Authority, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmed Noor
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Noore Saba
- Department of Health, Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Qasim
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Karimi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Farooq
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Usman
- Department of Pathology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Abbas Zaheer
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Safe Blood Transfusion Programme, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
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25
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Masood I, Waheed U, Arshad M, Saeed M, Farooq A, Moneeba S, Basharat N, Zaheer HA. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus genotypes in blood donors in Islamabad, Pakistan. J Lab Physicians 2020; 11:240-243. [PMID: 31579261 PMCID: PMC6771316 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_150_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major causative agent of early, severe and prolonged liver infection that subsequently leads to cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and comparison of serological assay performance versus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in HBV screening. METHODS: Blood samples of 8517 healthy blood donors were collected during the period of January to June 2017 from Blood Bank of Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad. Samples were screened for HBsAg assay using technique of chemiluminescence immunoassay. PCR of positive samples was carried out using already reported genotype-specific primers by Naito et al. (2001). The results were confirmed by visualizing genotype bands. RESULTS: The study confirmed the presence of HBV in 2.5% of blood donors, and PCR confirmed the presence of HBV-DNA in 92 samples. The genotyping was done by PCR using type-specific primer sequences. PCR was dogged to check six genotypes, i.e., A, B, C, D, E, and F. The results of this study show high levels of Genotype D is this region, i.e., 52.17% with less dominating Genotype C, which is 16.30% with decreasing ratio of Genotype E (14.13%), Genotype A and B (9.78%), and mixed D + E (2.17%). The presence of coinfection is found at lowest rate. Due to the high percentage of HBV/D, it is concluded that D genotype is common in our population. CONCLUSION: The most prevalent HBV genotype in ICT region was genotype D, which is responsible for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Efficacy of drugs varies with variation in genotypes of hepatitis B virus and also with geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Masood
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Safe Blood Transfusion Programme, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Pathology and Transfusion Medicine, District Headquarter Hospital, Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Farooq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Moneeba
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Basharat
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Abbas Zaheer
- Safe Blood Transfusion Programme, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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26
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Zaheer H, Waheed U, Abdella Y, Konings F. Thalassemia in Pakistan: A forward-looking solution to a serious health issue. Glob J Transfus Med 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_72_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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27
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28
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Waheed U, Saba N, Wazeer A, Farooq A, Arshad M, Zaheer H. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus among blood donors in Islamabad, Pakistan. Glob J Transfus Med 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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29
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Saeed M, Waheed A, Rasheed F, Waheed U. Predonation deferral pattern: A single-center experience from Pakistan. Glob J Transfus Med 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_13_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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30
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Waheed U, Abdella YE, Saba NE, Arshad M, Wazeer A, Farooq A, Usman J, Arshad A, Zaheer HA. Evaluation of screening effectiveness of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV rapid test kits in Pakistan. J Lab Physicians 2019; 11:369-372. [PMID: 31929706 PMCID: PMC6943868 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_172_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study was conducted to evaluate the performance and screening effectiveness of commercially available rapid screening kits in comparison with chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Blood Transfusion Services, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, PIMS, Islamabad, from January to April 2019. A total of 10 commercially available immunochromatographic test (ICT) devices and one CLIA kit (LIAISON XL) were tested for their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy using 100 positive and 100 negative samples each for HBV and HCV, respectively. RESULTS The sensitivities and specificities of ICT kits for hepatitis B surface antigen were 65% and 70% (Hightop), 67% and 85% (RightSign), 62% and 73% (Wondfo), 70% and 80% (Accu-Chek), 68% and 77% (Fastep), 73% and 85% (Abon), 77% and 83% (ImmuMed), 80% and 90% (Insta-Answer), 67% and 81% (BioCheck), and 72% and 83% CTK Biotech, respectively. Similarly, the sensitivities and specificities of different ICT kits for HCV were 69% and 80% (Hightop), 76% and 83% (RightSign), 69% and 81% (Wondfo), 78% and 79% (Accu-Check), 68% and 68% (Fastep), 63% and 73% (Abon), 71% and 70% (ImmuMed), 79% and 68% (Insta-Answer), 62% and 66% (BioChek), and 69% and 78% CTK Biotech, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Diasorin Liaison Murex assay for both HBV and HCV were found to be 100% when compared with PCR. The PPV, NPV and Accuracy were determined accordingly. CONCLUSION Rapid testing ICT devices for both HBV and HCV available in Pakistan were found to have a variable degree of sensitivity and specificity when compared with CLIA and PCR. Comparatively expensive but quality methods are more reliable as compared to rapid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Waheed
- Safe Blood Transfusion Programme, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology and Blood Transfusion Services, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Noor e Saba
- Peshawar Regional Blood Centre, Department of Health, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Akhlaaq Wazeer
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Farooq
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Usman
- Department of Pathology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Biology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Abbas Zaheer
- Safe Blood Transfusion Programme, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology and Blood Transfusion Services, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Saeed M, Hwang MW, Waheed U, Saba N, Hong S, Hanif A, Arshad M, Zaheer H. Evaluation of the automated fluorescent immunoassay system anti-hepatitis C virus assay for the detection of hepatitis C virus infection. Glob J Transfus Med 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_39_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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32
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Raza MH, Gul K, Arshad A, Riaz N, Waheed U, Rauf A, Aldakheel F, Alduraywish S, Rehman MU, Abdullah M, Arshad M. Microbiota in cancer development and treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:49-63. [PMID: 30542789 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human microbiota comprises of a variety of organisms ranging from bacterial species to viruses, fungi, and protozoa which are present on the epidermal and mucosal barriers of the body. It plays a key role in health and survival of the host by regulation of the systemic functions. Its apparent functions in modulation of the host immune system, inducing carcinogenesis and regulation of the response to the cancer therapy through a variety of mechanisms such as bacterial dysbiosis, production of genotoxins, pathobionts, and disruption of the host metabolism are increasingly becoming evident. METHODS Different electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature which has been reviewed in this article. RESULTS Characterization of the microbiome particularly gut microbiota, understanding of the host-microbiota interactions, and its potential for therapeutic exploitation are necessary for the development of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies with better efficacy and lowered off-target side effects. CONCLUSION In this review, the role of microbiota is explained in carcinogenesis, mechanisms of microbiota-mediated carcinogenesis, and role of gut microbiota in modulation of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hassan Raza
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamni Gul
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Biology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naveeda Riaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Zoology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir University, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Alduraywish
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqbool Ur Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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33
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Chang YC, Ge X, Wang LJ, Lee SS, Paulsen MH, Khan QM, Khalid ZM, Bhalli JA, Waheed U, Simpson CD, Du D, Li L, Lin Y. An ultra low-cost smartphone device for in-situ monitoring of acute organophosphorus poisoning for agricultural workers. Sens Actuators B Chem 2018; 275:300-305. [PMID: 37576435 PMCID: PMC10422983 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present an ultra-low-cost smartphone device for in situ quantification of OP poisoning severity. The performance of the lens-less smartphone spectrum apparatus (LeSSA) is evaluated using standard human Interleukin-6 (IL-6) immunoassay kits. Upon dose-response curve fitting, LeSSA demonstrates an accuracy of 99.5%. The limit of detection (LOD) of LeSSA was evaluated through comparison of 6.4 pg/ml with standard laboratory grade UV-vis spectrophotometer at 5.5 pg/ml. Evaluating the capacity of LeSSA in spike solution by combining plasma cholinesterase (PChE) and human plasma shows consistency at agreement of 97.6% between LeSSA and the laboratory instrument. For application demonstration, the activity of PChE for 24 agricultural workers' plasma samples was measured with LeSSA, showing exceptional agreement (r2 = 0.92) with the laboratory instrument reference. In addition to near laboratory grade accuracy, the total manufacturing cost of LeSSA is only $20 USD highlighting it's affordability. With LeSSA, clinicians can evaluate OP poisoning severity without the need to transport patient samples to facilities at far distances. Utilizing LeSSA, immediate results can be used for administration of appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chung Chang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Ge
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Li-Ju Wang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Stephen Sauchi Lee
- Department of Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Michael H. Paulsen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qaiser M. Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zafar M. Khalid
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed A. Bhalli
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Christopher D. Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dan Du
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Lei Li
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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34
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Waheed U, Haughton CJ, Tudino A, Carson K, Mancini E. Bifid omental band: an unusual cause of small bowel obstruction. J Surg Case Rep 2018; 2018:rjy210. [PMID: 30135706 PMCID: PMC6097590 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjy210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small bowel obstruction (SBO) in adults is most commonly caused by postoperative adhesions, hernias or neoplasms. Here, we report a unique case of SBO caused by a bifid omental band in a 65-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography showed dilation of mid-small bowel suggestive of partial SBO. An abdominal x-ray and small bowel series confirmed a high grade SBO. When initial conservative treatment failed, exploratory laparoscopy was performed and it was discovered that the patient had a bifid omental band encircling the small bowel, resulting in obstruction. Following resection of the band, she had an uneventful post-surgical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Waheed
- Department of Surgery, LifeBridge Health, Randallstown, MD, USA
| | - Crystal-Jade Haughton
- Trinity School of Medicine, Trinity College Road, Ratho Mill, Ribishi, St. Vincent & Grenadines
| | - Athena Tudino
- Trinity School of Medicine, Trinity College Road, Ratho Mill, Ribishi, St. Vincent & Grenadines
| | - Katie Carson
- Trinity School of Medicine, Trinity College Road, Ratho Mill, Ribishi, St. Vincent & Grenadines
| | - Emma Mancini
- Trinity School of Medicine, Trinity College Road, Ratho Mill, Ribishi, St. Vincent & Grenadines
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Hull J, Jennings W, Cooper R, Waheed U, Schaefer M, Narayan R. 3:00 PM Abstract No. 231 ■ DISTINGUISHED ABSTRACT The pivotal multicenter trial of ultrasound-guided percutaneous arteriovenous fistulae creation for hemodialysis access. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Sultan S, Zaheer HA, Waheed U, Baig MA, Rehan A, Irfan SM. Internal quality control of blood products: An experience from a tertiary care hospital blood bank from Southern Pakistan. J Lab Physicians 2018; 10:64-67. [PMID: 29403208 PMCID: PMC5784297 DOI: 10.4103/jlp.jlp_97_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Internal quality control (IQC) is the backbone of quality assurance program. In blood banking, the quality control of blood products ensures the timely availability of a blood component of high quality with maximum efficacy and minimal risk to potential recipients. The main objective of this study is to analyze the IQC of blood products as an indicator of our blood bank performance. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the blood bank of Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, from January 2014 to December 2015. A total of 100 units of each blood components were arbitrarily chosen during the study. Packed red cell units were evaluated for hematocrit (HCT); random platelet concentrates were evaluated for pH, yield, and culture; fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate (CP) were evaluated for unit volume, factor VIII, and fibrinogen concentrations. RESULTS: A total of 400 units were tested for IQC. The mean HCT of packed red cells was 69.5 ± 7.24, and in 98% units, it met the standard (<80% of HCT). The mean platelet yield was 8.8 ± 3.40 × 109/L and pH was ≥6.2 in 98% bags; cultures were negative in 97% of units tested. Mean factor VIII and fibrinogen levels were found to be 84.24 ± 15.01 and 247.17 ± 49.69 for FFP, respectively. For CP, mean factor VIII and fibrinogen level were found to be 178.75 ± 86.30 and 420.7 ± 75.32, respectively. CONCLUSION: The IQC of blood products at our blood bank is in overall compliance and met recommended international standards. Implementation of standard operating procedures, accomplishment of standard guidelines, proper documentation with regular audit, and staff competencies can improve the quality performance of the transfusion services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sultan
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Abbas Zaheer
- Safe Blood Transfusion Programme, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Safe Blood Transfusion Programme, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Amjad Baig
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asma Rehan
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mohammed Irfan
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Waheed U, Jabin F, Ahmed S, Arshad M, Arshad A, Zaheer H. Red blood cell phenotyping of blood donors in Islamabad, Pakistan. Glob J Transfus Med 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_54_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Waheed U, Arshad M, Sultan S, Saeed M, Arshad A, Irfan S, Zaheer H. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in blood donors at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. Glob J Transfus Med 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_55_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ehtisham-Ul-Haque S, Kiran M, Waheed U, Younus M. Real-time Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) of mgc2 Gene of Mycoplasma Gallisepticum. J Vet Res 2017; 61:439-444. [PMID: 29978107 PMCID: PMC5937342 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mycoplasma gallisepticum is considered the most pathogenic and economically significant avian Mycoplasma spp. for the worldwide poultry industry. The aim of this study was to develop a novel and sensitive real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the amplification of its mgc2 gene sequence for its rapid molecular detection in poultry. Material and Methods Blood samples from 300 broiler and layer chickens were screened using a rapid serum agglutination (RSA) test. A real-time LAMP reaction was conducted with seropositive swab samples at 60ºC for 90 min in an ESEQuant tube scanner using 6-carboxyfluorescein as the reporting dye. Results The sensitivity of the developed assay was 10 fg/µL of DNA. The assay was found 100% specific, showing no cross-reactivity with other avian Mycoplasma species. The proportion found of the positive samples by the real-time LAMP was 58%. In comparison, the RSA was found to detect 52% of positive cases. Conclusion The mgc2 real-time LAMP emerged as a more sensitive and accurate method for molecular detection of M. gallisepticum than RSA. Robustness and precision give it applicability as a potential field diagnostic tool for M. gallisepticum control. The study will be beneficial in reducing economic losses that M. gallisepticum inflicts on the poultry industry. This is the first reported development of a real-time LAMP assay based on the amplification of the mgc2 gene sequence using an ESEQuant tube scanner for galline M. gallisepticum detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ehtisham-Ul-Haque
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus, Jhang-35200, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Kiran
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus, Jhang-35200, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus, Jhang-35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younus
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus, Jhang-35200, Pakistan
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Farooq A, Waheed U, Zaheer HA, Aldakheel F, Alduraywish S, Arshad M. Detection of HBsAg mutants in the blood donor population of Pakistan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188066. [PMID: 29166662 PMCID: PMC5699832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be one of the leading healthcare issues in Pakistan, affecting over 6 million people. The existence of HBsAg mutants is well documented in many countries. In Pakistan, HBV screening in the majority of the blood banks is performed by Rapid Detection Devices or ELISA tests. These tests are designed to detect HBsAg, but may not detect the mutant HBsAg. Failure to detect the HBsAg mutant may result in the transmission of HBV infection from donor to recipient. Hence, there is a need to identify a HBsAg assay which can detect mutants in a country where simple and conventional HBsAg assays with varying sensitivity and specificity are used to detect HBV infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three routinely used diagnostic tests (Rapid Detection Devices, ELISA and CLIA) for HBsAg were compared with the LIAISON® XL Murex HBsAg Quant Assay to determine the prevalence of HBV mutants in the Pakistani blood donor population. The samples of blood donors from different cities of Pakistan were collected. The testing was performed using SD Bioline rapid assay (n = 1500), ELISA (n = 1500), and Abbott ARCHITECT®CLIA system (n = 1500) at the centers where the donations were collected. All samples (n = 4500) were re-tested for comparative analysis on the LIAISON® XL Murex HBsAg Quant assay (DiaSorin S.p.A.). PCR testing was performed as a gold standard on all discordant samples. RESULTS 119/4500 (2.64%) of the samples were positive for antibodies against HBsAg. The sensitivity of SD Bioline Rapid, GB HBsAg ELISA, Abbott ARCHITECT® and LIAISON® XL Murex HBsAg Quant assay was 17.24%, 43.75%, 90.91%and 100% respectively. The specificity of SD Bioline Rapid, GB HBsAg ELISA, Abbott ARCHITECT® and LIAISON® XL Murex HBsAg Quant Assay was 98.82%, 99.59%, 100% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION LIAISON® XL Murex HBsAg Quant assay is a highly sensitive, specific and accurate screening assay for detecting wild type as well as mutant HBsAg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Farooq
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Departments of Pathology and Blood Bank, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Abbas Zaheer
- Departments of Pathology and Blood Bank, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Safe Blood Transfusion Programme, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Alduraywish
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Shahzad A, Rafiq N, Ullah I, Asad MJ, Ahmad MS, Waheed U. Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the families of b-thalassaemia children in thalassaemia centers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 2017; 67:1434-1437. [PMID: 28924289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of the parents of b-thalassaemia children (410) selected from public (73.2%) and private (26.8%) thalassaemia centers of Rawalpindi-Islamabad. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to collect the data, which was analyzed by using SPSS. Majority of the respondents (70%) were rural young parents with no knowledge of thalassaemia before marriage. However, now 81.2% were aware about this. Majority of the respondents (89%) had the knowledge about premarital screening, 86.1% were opposed to intermarriages of carrier and 57% believed that if carrier got married then prenatal diagnosis or Chorionic villus sampling test is necessary. About 76.8% of the couples were screened and 42.2% had an experience of Chorionic villus sampling among which 20% abortions were reported. Overall 82% parents had received genetic counselling. The present study suggests that parent's regular visits and genetic counseling at thalassaemia centers have played important role about awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Shahzad
- Department of Sociology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
| | - Nazia Rafiq
- Department of Sociology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi,
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Department of Sociology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
| | | | | | - Usman Waheed
- Safe Blood Transfusion Programme, Ministry of National Health Services, Government of Pakistan
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Ali T, Ismail M, Asad F, Ashraf A, Waheed U, Khan QM. Pesticide genotoxicity in cotton picking women in Pakistan evaluated using comet assay. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:213-220. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1343342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Ali
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Environmental Toxicology Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Environmental Toxicology Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farkhanda Asad
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Environmental Toxicology Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser M. Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Environmental Toxicology Lab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in cancer cells as a result of increased metabolic rate, dysfunction of mitochondria, elevated cell signaling, expression of oncogenes and increased peroxisome activities. Certain level of ROS is required by cancer cells, above or below which lead to cytotoxicity in cancer cells. This biochemical aspect can be exploited to develop novel therapeutic agents to preferentially and selectively target cancer cells. METHODS We searched various electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed english-language articles. Selected articles ranging from research papers, clinical studies, and review articles on the ROS production in living systems, its role in cancer development and cancer treatment, and the role of microbiota in ROS-dependent cancer therapy were analyzed. RESULTS This review highlights oxidative stress in tumors, underlying mechanisms of different relationships of ROS and cancer cells, different ROS-mediated therapeutic strategies and the emerging role of microbiota in cancer therapy. CONCLUSION Cancer cells exhibit increased ROS stress and disturbed redox homeostasis which lead to ROS adaptations. ROS-dependent anticancer therapies including ROS scavenging anticancer therapy and ROS boosting anticancer therapy have shown promising results in vitro as well as in vivo. In addition, response to cancer therapy is modulated by the human microbiota which plays a critical role in systemic body functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hassan Raza
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Sector H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Sami Siraj
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University (KMU), Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Biology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathology and Blood Bank, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Alduraywish
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Sector H-10, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Waheed U, Azmat M, Wazeer A, Sultan S, Irfan S, Zaheer H. Evaluation of blood requisition and utilization practices at a tertiary care hospital blood bank in Islamabad, Pakistan. Glob J Transfus Med 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_30_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are increasingly used in patients with advanced-stage cancer for prophylaxis of pulmonary embolus. We evaluated the survival benefit of placing IVC filters in patients with late-stage malignancy and assessed their effectiveness in preventing pulmonary embolism. Between 1998 and 2003, 5,970 patients were treated with a primary diagnosis of malignancy at a tertiary care facility. Retrospective analysis identified 55 consecutive patients with stage III or IV malignant disease and venous thromboembolism (VTE) who received IVC filters. Retrospective review of electronic hospital charts identified subsequent pulmonary emboli, procedure-related complications, and survival. In a case control study, 16 patients with VTE but without IVC filter were matched for age, sex, type of malignancy, and stage of disease. IVC filter placement effectively prevented computed tomography (CT) scan or ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q) scan-proven pulmonary embolus in 52/55 (94.5%) patients. Complications developed in 4/55 or 7.3% of patients; 13/55 (23.6%) patients with late-stage cancer survived less than 30 days following placement of the filter. Another 23.6% of this group survived longer than 1 year. Ambulatory status differed significantly (p=0.01) between these 2 subgroups. In the case control study, IVC filter placement conferred no survival benefit compared to the control group. One recurrent pulmonary embolism was observed in both the filter group and the control group. No deaths due to thromboembolic complications were observed in either group. In late-stage cancer, patient survival is limited primarily by the malignant process. While IVC filter placement is effective in preventing pulmonary emboli, there may be limited survival benefit in this particular patient population. However, there exists a subset of this population whose functional status predicts longer survival times after filter placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schunn
- Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Zaheer H, Waheed U. Impact of regulation of blood transfusion services in Islamabad, Pakistan. Glob J Transfus Med 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/2455-8893.178003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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