1
|
Brizio A, Faure V, Baudino F, Wilmet A, Gonzalez JP. Hospital-based autonomous pre-clinical screening of COVID-19: An emergency triage using a vital signs recording system, Paris-Ile de France region. Health Serv Manage Res 2023; 36:291-298. [PMID: 36348513 PMCID: PMC9646891 DOI: 10.1177/09514848221100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic toll worldwide on the populations but also has been essentially supported by the existing public health system, particularly hospital-based emergency wards and intensive care units. In France, the first cases were identified on the 24th of January 2020. The first epidemic sprout emerged in the Eastern part of the country and spread in two weeks towards the center to the Paris-region where it peaked on the 14th of April 2020. In Paris and the region around it, the intensity of the epidemic has increased significantly to have a strong impact on all public and private hospital systems in a few weeks. During France's 2020 COVID-19 epidemic, a private hospital went into a major organizational change of its Emergency Department which mainly included the use of a Telemedicine Booth for vitals automatic recording during triage procedures.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to share a unique exerience centered on the use of a Telemedicine Booth as a screening process during an epidemic. Researche design: The present study is a case report describing the organizational scheme adopted by the hospital and discusses the data of 1844 patients that attended the facility over a month and the results of a questionaire survey adressed to the Emergency Department personnel.Study sample: The study population is the population that Data where collecte.Data collection and analysis: Quantitative activity indicators' data were collected with a specific triage register, patient management software and the Telemedicine Booth activity software and were analysed with basic statistics. Results and Conclusions: Among the 1844 patients, 766 were engaged in an automated triage process supported by a Telemedicine Booth. Patients' clinical characteristics are comparable to those found in international literature during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of the Telemedicine Booth as a screening process facilitated patients' flow. It usefully participated in the patient rapid orientation, relieving the hospital emergency department, actively contributes in a safe and secure environment highly trusted by the hospital staff and health workers. To our knowledge, the Telemedicine Booth use as a screening process during an epidemic constitutes the first contribution to such an innovative approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Brizio
- SMUR, Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre hospitalier de Saint
Denis, Saint Denis, France
| | - Valérie Faure
- Emergency Department Hôpital privé
du Vert Galant Groupe Ramsey, Tremblay en France, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Commonwealth Trade Partners
Inc, Washington, DC, USA
- Centaurus Biotech LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saeed MA, Khan AU, Ehtisham-ul-Haque S, Waheed U, Qamar MF, Rehman AU, Nasir A, Zaman MA, Kashif M, Gonzalez JP, El-Adawy H. Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Genetic Determinants in Gram-Negative Fecal-Microbiota of Wild Birds and Chicken Originated at Trimmu Barrage. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1376. [PMID: 37760673 PMCID: PMC10525410 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) give rise to resistance against penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics in multiple bacterial species. The present study was conducted to map genetic determinants and related attributes of ESBL-producing bacteria in three wild aquatic bird species and chickens at the "Trimmu Barrage" in district Jhang, Punjab province, Pakistan. To study the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria, a total of 280 representative samples were collected from wild bird species; cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis), little egrets (Egretta garzetta) and common teals (Anas crecca) as well as from indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) originating from a local wet market. The isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers using a double disc synergy test (DDST) and bacterial species were identified using API-20E and 20NE strips. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect ESBL genetic determinants and for genus identification via 16S rRNA gene amplification. A phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for ESBL-producing isolates against 12 clinically relevant antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequence data obtained in this study and comparative sequence data obtained from GenBank. The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria was 34.64% (97/280). The highest percentage (44.28%; 31/70) of ESBL-producing bacteria was recovered from chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), followed by little egrets (Egretta garzetta) (41.43%; 29/70), common teal (Anas crecca) (28.57%; 20/70) and cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) (24.28%; 17/70). Five different ESBL-producing bacteria were identified biochemically and confirmed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which included Escherichia coli (72; 74.23%), Enterobacter cloacae (11; 11.34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8; 8.25%), Salmonella enterica (4; 4.12%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2; 2.06%). Based on PCR, the frequency of obtained ESBL genes in 97 isolates was blaCTX-M (51.55%), blaTEM (20.62%), blaOXA (6.18%) and blaSHV (2.06%). In addition, gene combinations blaCTX-M + blaTEM, blaTEM + blaOXA and blaCTX-M + blaSHV were also detected in 16.49%, 2.06% and 1.03% of isolates, respectively. The ESBL gene variation was significant (p = 0.02) in different bacterial species while non-significant in relation to different bird species (p = 0.85). Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequence data confirmed the existence of CTX-M-15 and TEM betalactamases. The average susceptibility of the antibiotics panel used was lowest for both Klebsiella pneumoniae (62.5% ± 24.42) and Salmonella enterica (62.5% ± 31.08) as compared to Enterobacter cloacae (65.90% ± 21.62), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (70.83% ± 33.42) and Escherichia coli (73.83% ± 26.19). This study provides insight into the role of aquatic wild birds as reservoirs of ESBL-producing bacteria at Trimmu Barrage, Punjab, Pakistan. Hence, active bio-surveillance and environment preservation actions are necessitated to curb antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Saeed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Aman Ullah Khan
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Syed Ehtisham-ul-Haque
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Usman Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Fiaz Qamar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Aziz ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Amar Nasir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Muhammad Arfan Zaman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.U.K.); (S.E.-u.-H.); (U.W.); (M.F.Q.); (A.u.R.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, CVAS Campus, 12-Km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mandja BA, Handschumacher P, Bompangue D, Gonzalez JP, Muyembe JJ, Sauleau EA, Mauny F. Environmental Drivers of Monkeypox Transmission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ecohealth 2022; 19:354-364. [PMID: 36029356 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox (MPX) is an emergent severe zoonotic disease resembling that of smallpox. To date, most cases of human MPX have been reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). While the number of cases has increased steadily in the DRC over the last 30 years, the environmental risk factors that drive the spatiotemporal dynamics of MPX transmission remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal associations between environmental risk factors and annual MPX incidence in the DRC. All MPX cases reported weekly at the health zone level over a 16-year period (2000-2015) were analyzed. A Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear mixed model was conducted to identify the spatiotemporal associations between annual MPX incidence and three types of environmental risk factors illustrating environment as a system resulting from physical, social and cultural interactions Primary forest (IRR 1.034 [1.029-1.040]), economic well-being (IRR 1.038 [1.031-1.047]), and temperature (IRR 1.143 [1.028-1.261]) were positively associated with annual MPX incidence. Our study shows that physical environmental risk factors alone cannot explain the emergence of MPX outbreaks in the DRC. Economic level and cultural practices participate from environment as a whole and thus, must be considered to understand exposure to MPX risk Future studies should examine the impact of these factors in greater detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bien-Aimé Mandja
- Département des Sciences de Base, Service d'Écologie et Contrôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Quartier Lemba, BP 834 KIN XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
| | | | - Didier Bompangue
- Département des Sciences de Base, Service d'Écologie et Contrôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Quartier Lemba, BP 834 KIN XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 4000 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe
- Département des Sciences de Base, Service d'Écologie et Contrôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Quartier Lemba, BP 834 KIN XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Gombe, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Erik-André Sauleau
- Laboratoire de Biostatistique et Informatique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire ICube UMR CNRS 7357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Mauny
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, uMETh Inserm CIC 1431, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ndumu DB, Bakamutumaho B, Miller E, Nakayima J, Downing R, Balinandi S, Monje F, Tumusiime D, Nanfuka M, Meunier N, Arinaitwe E, Rutebarika C, Kidega E, Kyondo J, Ademun R, Njenga KM, Veas F, Gonzalez JP. Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever virus infection among domestic ruminant herds in Uganda. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:157. [PMID: 33849526 PMCID: PMC8045185 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior to the first recorded outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Uganda, in March 2016, earlier studies done until the 1970's indicated the presence of the RVF virus (RVFV) in the country, without any recorded outbreaks in either man or animals. While severe outbreaks of RVF occurred in the neighboring countries, none were reported in Uganda despite forecasts that placed some parts of Uganda at similar risk. The Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) undertook studies to determine the RVF sero-prevalence in risk prone areas. Three datasets from cattle sheep and goats were obtained; one from retrospective samples collected in 2010-2011 from the northern region; the second from the western region in 2013 while the third was from a cross-sectional survey done in 2016 in the south-western region. Laboratory analysis involved the use of the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analyses, including non-parametric chi-square tests for comparisons between districts and species in the regions. RESULTS During the Yellow Fever outbreak investigation of 2010-2011 in the northern region, a total sero-prevalence of 6.7% was obtained for anti RVFV reacting antibodies (IgG and IgM) among the domestic ruminant population. The 2013 sero-survey in the western region showed a prevalence of 18.6% in cattle and 2.3% in small ruminants. The 2016 sero-survey in the districts of Kabale, Kanungu, Kasese, Kisoro and Rubirizi, in the south-western region, had the respective district RVF sero-prevalence of 16.0, 2.1, 0.8, 15.1and 2.7% among the domestic ruminants combined for this region; bovines exhibited the highest cumulative sero-prevalence of 15.2%, compared to 5.3 and 4.0% respectively for sheep and goats per species for the region. CONCLUSIONS The absence of apparent outbreaks in Uganda, despite neighboring enzootic areas, having minimal restrictions to the exchange of livestock and their products across borders, suggest an unexpected RVF activity in the study areas that needs to be unraveled. Therefore, more in-depth studies are planned to mitigate the risk of an overt RVF outbreak in humans and animals as has occurred in neighboring countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deo B. Ndumu
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), P. O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Barnabas Bakamutumaho
- Uganda National Health Research Organization (UNHRO), Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), P. O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Jesca Nakayima
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLiRRI), Nakyesasa, Uganda
| | - Robert Downing
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – UVRI, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Stephen Balinandi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – UVRI, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Fred Monje
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), P. O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Dan Tumusiime
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), P. O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Mary Nanfuka
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), P. O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Natascha Meunier
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU UK
| | - Eugene Arinaitwe
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), P. O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Chris Rutebarika
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), P. O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Eugene Kidega
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), P. O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jackson Kyondo
- Uganda National Health Research Organization (UNHRO), Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), P. O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Rose Ademun
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), P. O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Francisco Veas
- Molecular Comparative Immuno-Physiopathology Lab (LIPMC), Joint Research Unit-Ministry of Defense (UMR-MD), Faculty of Pharmacy, French Research Institute for Development (IRD), Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Metabiota Inc., San Francisco, USA
- Georgetown University, School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC, 20007 USA
- Centaurus Biotech LLC., Commonwealth Trading Partners, CTP Inc. Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Omodo M, Ar Gouilh M, Mwiine FN, Okurut ARA, Nantima N, Namatovu A, Nakanjako MF, Isingoma E, Arinaitwe E, Esau M, Kyazze S, Bahati M, Mayanja F, Bagonza P, Urri RA, Lovincer MN, Nabatta E, Kidega E, Ayebazibwe C, Nakanjako G, Sserugga J, Ndumu DB, Mwebe R, Mugabi K, Gonzalez JP, Sekamatte M. Rabies in Uganda: rabies knowledge, attitude and practice and molecular characterization of circulating virus strains. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:200. [PMID: 32143593 PMCID: PMC7060555 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rabies is a deadly preventable viral disease that affects all warm-blooded animals and widespread in many regions including Africa. The disease remains of major public health importance in Uganda. The purpose of this study was to establish Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) of Rabies in Moyo and Ntoroko districts and to characterize Rabies virus (RABV) strains from seven districts of Uganda with consistent prevalence of rabies. Methods KAP survey data were collected based on animal biting history by interviewing the head of the veterinary departments, the medical centers and selected households from the study sites. Data were obtained from 84 households in Ntoroko and Moyo districts. Thirty-five (35) brain samples were collected from bovine, dogs, goats, foxes, jackals ad sheep between 2011 and 2013. Samples were tested using fluorescent antibody test (FAT), One step RT-PCR (following RNA extraction) and partial RABV N gene was sequenced by Sanger method before phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of sequences. Results Scarcity of post-exposure prophylaxis services in the health centers was noted. Poor attitude of wound washing and deficiency of knowledge on how to handle wounds related to dog bites and the significance among household participants lacked. There is a high risk of rabies infection due to a limited dog’s vaccination. Dog biting episodes in humans were of 75.00 and 62.50% in Moyo and Ntoroko districts respectively. Twenty-seven (27) samples tested positive for rabies by FAT and PCR. Ugandan sequences were closely related (97% nucleotide id) to the rabies virus sequences from Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Nigeria, Central African Republic and Sudan with both the “Africa 1A” and “Africa 1B” RABV clades represented. A putative new clade 1D was also detected. Conclusions Rabies remains a public health hazard in Uganda. There is urgent need to establish advocacy programs in both schools and communities to curtail the spread of rabies. Increasing the knowledge regarding wound washing, post-exposure prophylaxis and dogs vaccination would enhance prevention of rabies. A strong collaboration between medical and veterinary sectors under a one health platform is required to ensure sufficient preventative services to the communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Omodo
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Meriadeg Ar Gouilh
- Normandy University, EA2656, GRAM2.0 - Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne, UNICAEN - UNIROUEN, Caen University, 14000, Caen, France.,Virology Department, University Hospital Center of Caen, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Frank Norbert Mwiine
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anna Rose Ademun Okurut
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Noelina Nantima
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Alice Namatovu
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Maria Flavia Nakanjako
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Isingoma
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Eugene Arinaitwe
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Martin Esau
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Simon Kyazze
- Ministry of Health, National One Health Platform: Zoonotic Disease Coordination Office, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Milton Bahati
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Franklin Mayanja
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Patrick Bagonza
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Richard Akule Urri
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Mary Nanfuka Lovincer
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Esther Nabatta
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Eugene Kidega
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Chrisostom Ayebazibwe
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gladys Nakanjako
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Joseph Sserugga
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Deo Birungi Ndumu
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Robert Mwebe
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Kenneth Mugabi
- Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre, P.O. Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Musa Sekamatte
- Ministry of Health, National One Health Platform: Zoonotic Disease Coordination Office, Entebbe, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wauquier N, Couffignal C, Manchon P, Smith E, Lungay V, Coomber M, Weisenfluh L, Bangura J, Khan SH, Jambai A, Gbakima A, Yun N, Paessler S, Schoepp R, Morse SS, Gonzalez JP, Fair J, Mentré F, Vieillard V. High heart rate at admission as a predictive factor of mortality in hospitalized patients with Lassa fever: An observational cohort study in Sierra Leone. J Infect 2020; 80:671-693. [PMID: 32027872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Wauquier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France; Metabiota Inc., Silver Spring and San Francisco, United States
| | - Camille Couffignal
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, IAME, Inserm UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Manchon
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, IAME, Inserm UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Moinya Coomber
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone
| | - Lauren Weisenfluh
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Amara Jambai
- Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Nadezda Yun
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Randal Schoepp
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Stephen S Morse
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Joseph Fair
- Metabiota Inc., Silver Spring and San Francisco, United States
| | - France Mentré
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, IAME, Inserm UMR 1137, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mandja BAM, Brembilla A, Handschumacher P, Bompangue D, Gonzalez JP, Muyembe JJ, Mauny F. Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Monkeypox in Democratic Republic of Congo, 2000-2015. Ecohealth 2019; 16:476-487. [PMID: 31410720 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a viral disease with a clinical presentation resembling that of smallpox. Although monkeypox is considered to be an important zoonotic viral disease, its epidemiology remains poorly understood, especially the spatial and temporal distribution of the disease. The present study examined weekly reports of monkeypox cases collected from 2000 to 2015 at the health zone scale in the Democratic Republic of Congo. SaTScan® was performed to identify spatial and temporal clusters of monkeypox cases. Significant primary spatial clusters were detected in the districts of Sankuru and Tshuapa. A centrifugal pattern was found, with significant primary spatial clusters extending over time from Sankuru and Tshuapa to several neighboring districts. Peaks of cases occurred from July to September for the 2000-2002 and 2003-2009 sub-periods and from January to March for the 2010-2015 sub-period. Despite the lack of additional data for confirmation, the increasing of monkeypox reported incidence was observed in the Democratic Republic of Congo during 2000-2015 period and this increase cannot be explain only by the improvements of surveillance systems. The detected spatial clusters were located in the dense rainforest of the Congo basin. The reasons for the excess incidence of monkeypox cases in the central region of the country are unknown, and the relative influence of ecological, environmental, and human factors on the mechanism of emergence of monkeypox has yet to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bien-Aimé Makasa Mandja
- Service de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, KIN XI, Quartier Lemba, BP 834, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
| | - Alice Brembilla
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - Didier Bompangue
- Service de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, KIN XI, Quartier Lemba, BP 834, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 4000 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe
- Service de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, KIN XI, Quartier Lemba, BP 834, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Gombe, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Frédéric Mauny
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mandja BAM, Bompangue D, Handschumacher P, Gonzalez JP, Salem G, Muyembe JJ, Mauny F. The score of integrated disease surveillance and response adequacy (SIA): a pragmatic score for comparing weekly reported diseases based on a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:624. [PMID: 31118016 PMCID: PMC6532185 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy implemented by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Africa has produced a large amount of data on participating countries, and in particular on the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These data are increasingly considered as unevaluable and, therefore, as requiring a rigorous process of validation before they can be used for research or public health purposes. The aim of this study was to propose a method to assess the level of adequacy of IDSR morbidity data in reflecting actual morbidity. METHODS A systematic search of English- and French-language articles was performed in Scopus, Medline, Science Direct, Springer Link, Cochrane, Cairn, Persée, and Erudit databases. Other types of documents were identified through manual searches. Selected articles focused on the determinants of the discrepancies (differences) between reported morbidity and actual morbidity. An adequacy score was constructed using some of the identified determinants. This score was applied to the 15 weekly reported diseases monitored by IDSR surveillance in the DRC. A classification was established using the Jenks method and a sensitivity analysis was performed. Twenty-three classes of determinants were identified in 35 IDSR technical guides and reports of outbreak investigations and in 71 out of 2254 researched articles. For each of the 15 weekly reported diseases, the SIA was composed of 12 items grouped in 6 dimensions. RESULTS The SIA classified the 15 weekly reported diseases into 3 categories or types: high score or good adequacy (value > = 14), moderate score or fair adequacy (value > = 8 and < 14), and low score or low or non-adequacy (value < 8). Regardless of the criteria used in the sensitivity analysis, there was no notable variation in SIA values or categories for any of the 15 weekly reported diseases. CONCLUSION In a context of sparse health information in low- and middle-income countries, this study developed a score to help classify IDSR morbidity data as usable, usable after adjustment, or unusable. This score can serve to prioritize, optimize, and interpret data analyses for epidemiological research or public health purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bien-Aimé Makasa Mandja
- Service de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
| | - Didier Bompangue
- Service de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 4000 Reservoir Road, Washington, D.C., NW, 20057, USA
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe
- Service de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Frédéric Mauny
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, uMETh, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reynolds MG, Wauquier N, Li Y, Satheshkumar PS, Kanneh LD, Monroe B, Maikere J, Saffa G, Gonzalez JP, Fair J, Carroll DS, Jambai A, Dafae F, Khan SH, Moses LM. Human Monkeypox in Sierra Leone after 44-Year Absence of Reported Cases. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1023-1025. [PMID: 30753125 PMCID: PMC6478203 DOI: 10.3201/eid2505.180832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We note the reemergence of human monkeypox in Sierra Leone following a 44-year absence of reported disease. The persons affected were an 11-month-old boy and, several years later, a 35-year-old man. The reappearance of monkeypox in this country suggests a need for renewed vigilance and awareness of the disease and its manifestations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Budasha NH, Gonzalez JP, Sebhatu TT, Arnold E. Rift Valley fever seroprevalence and abortion frequency among livestock of Kisoro district, South Western Uganda (2016): a prerequisite for zoonotic infection. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:271. [PMID: 30176865 PMCID: PMC6122569 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is classified as viral hemorrhagic fever and is endemic in East and West Africa. RVF is caused by an arthropod borne virus (RVFV); the disease is zoonotic and affects human, animal health as well as international trade. In livestock it causes abortions, while human infection occurs through close contact with infected animals or animal products. Methods A quantitative observational study using stratified sampling was conducted in the western region of Uganda. Blood samples and abortion events from 1000 livestock (goats, sheep and cattle) was collected and recorded. Serum was analyzed for RVFV IgG reacting antibodies using competitive ELISA test. Results The overall RVFV seroprevalence was of 10.4% (104/1000). Cattle had the highest seroprevalence (7%) followed by Sheep (2.2%) then goats (1.2%). Species specific RVFV seroprevalence was highest in cattle (20.5%) followed by sheep (6.8%) then goats (3.6%). RVFV seroprevalence in northern highlands (21.8%) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the southern lowlands (3.7%). Overall prevalence of abortion was (17.4%), sheep had the highest prevalence of abortion (7.8%) followed by goats (6.3%) and then cattle (3.3%). Species specific abortion prevalence was highest in Sheep (24.1%) followed by goats (18.8%) and then 9.7% in cattle. Conclusion RVFV is endemic in Kisoro district and livestock in the highland areas are more likely to be exposed to RVFV infection compared to those in the southern lowlands. Out breaks in livestock most likely will lead to zoonotic infection in Kisoro district.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngabo Herbert Budasha
- Kisoro District Local Government, Department of Production and Marketing, Office of the District Veterinary Officer, P.O Box 123, Kisoro, Uganda
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Center of Excellence for Emerging & Zoonotic Animal Disease (CEEZAD) Kansas State University, Office Park, 1800 Kimball Ave, Suite 130, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Tesfaalem Tekleghiorghis Sebhatu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, International Programs, Kansas State University, Office Park, 1800 Kimball Ave, Suite 180, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Ezama Arnold
- Department of Health and Social services, Uganda Red Cross Society, P.O.Box 494, Kampala, Uganda.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duy J, Honko AN, Altamura LA, Bixler SL, Wollen-Roberts S, Wauquier N, O'Hearn A, Mucker EM, Johnson JC, Shamblin JD, Zelko J, Botto MA, Bangura J, Coomber M, Pitt ML, Gonzalez JP, Schoepp RJ, Goff AJ, Minogue TD. Virus-encoded miRNAs in Ebola virus disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6480. [PMID: 29691416 PMCID: PMC5915558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a negative-strand RNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm and causes an often-fatal hemorrhagic fever. EBOV, like other viruses, can reportedly encode its own microRNAs (miRNAs) to subvert host immune defenses. miRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression by hybridizing to multiple mRNAs, and viral miRNAs can enhance viral replication and infectivity by regulating host or viral genes. To date, only one EBOV miRNA has been examined in human infection. Here, we assayed mouse, rhesus macaque, cynomolgus macaque, and human samples infected with three EBOV variants for twelve computationally predicted viral miRNAs using RT-qPCR. Ten miRNAs aligned to EBOV variants and were detectable in the four species during disease with several viral miRNAs showing presymptomatic amplification in animal models. miRNA abundances in both the mouse and nonhuman primate models mirrored the human cohort, with miR-1-5p, miR-1-3p, and miR-T3-3p consistently at the highest levels. These striking similarities in the most abundant miRNAs during infection with different EBOV variants and hosts indicate that these miRNAs are potential valuable diagnostic markers and key effectors of EBOV pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice Duy
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anna N Honko
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Louis A Altamura
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sandra L Bixler
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne Wollen-Roberts
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nadia Wauquier
- Metabiota, Kenema, Sierra Leone.,MRIGlobal - Global Health Surveillance and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aileen O'Hearn
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Eric M Mucker
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joshua C Johnson
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joshua D Shamblin
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Justine Zelko
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Miriam A Botto
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - M Louise Pitt
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Metabiota, Washington, DC, USA.,Center of Excellence for Emerging & Zoonotic Animal Disease, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Randal J Schoepp
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Arthur J Goff
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Timothy D Minogue
- Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ezama A, Gonzalez JP, Majalija S, Bajunirwe F. Assessing short evolution brucellosis in a highly brucella endemic cattle keeping population of Western Uganda: a complementary use of Rose Bengal test and IgM rapid diagnostic test. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:315. [PMID: 29506522 PMCID: PMC5838946 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is a worldwide and zoonotic disease often sadly misdiagnosed in endemic areas. Challenges of availability and accessibility of diagnostic tools are common in resource constrained populations where the most vulnerable are found, surveillance and diagnosis are limited too. Methods A cross-sectional study using a simple two stage cluster sampling method was conducted to measure short evolution brucellosis burden among cattle keeping households that are one of the highest risk populations to be exposed to Brucella infection. A total of 216 households were randomly selected from 18 rural villages from the Western Region of Uganda. Household blood samples were tested for Brucella antibodies using the highly sensitive Rose Bengal test (RBT) and IgM ELISA Lateral Flow Assay (LFA). Results Among the total tested population, 58.8% did not react with any of the tests, 13.4% reacted with both tests. Among those that reacted with both (N = 29), 62.1% had weak (+ 1) LFA staining, 34.5% had moderate (2+) LFA staining. Altogether, both weak and moderate staining (96.5%) are consistent with sub-acute disease, while only one (3.4%) had strong (3+) LFA staining consistent with acute infection. 19.4% of the samples tested positive only with RBT, consistent with chronic infection, eighteen samples (8.3%) reacted exclusively with IgM LFA. Conclusion We identified a high prevalence of short evolution brucellosis in the cattle keeping household members. Prevalence of chronic infection diagnosed with RBT only was higher than the prevalence of short evolution brucellosis. IgM LFA results depict possible cases of cross reaction with Salmonella spp., Plasmodium etc. Ultimately, we identified a consistent prevalence of short evolution brucellosis in the cattle keeping household members. Indeed, the use of a combined diagnostic with LFA and RBT is easy and amenable for an active disease surveillance and accurate diagnosis in rural settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Ezama
- Department of Production and Marketing, Office of the District Veterinary Officer, Sheema District Local Government, P.O. Box 160, Kabwohe, Sheema, Uganda.
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Disease (CEEZAD), Kansas State University, Office Park, 1800 Kimball Ave, Suite 130, Manhattan, Kansas, 66502, United States of America
| | - Samuel Majalija
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystem and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Bajunirwe
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jaouadi K, Bettaieb J, Bennour A, Salem S, Ghawar W, Rjeibi MR, Khabouchi N, Gonzalez JP, Diouani MF, Ben Salah A. Blood Meal Analysis of Phlebotomine Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) for Leishmania spp. Identification and Vertebrate Blood Origin, Central Tunisia, 2015-2016. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:146-149. [PMID: 29165234 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
During the time periods of June 2015 and from July to August 2016, sandflies were collected among seven collection sites of the three leishmaniasis endemic villages of Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia. A total of 690 sandflies were captured and identified (380 males and 310 females). Four species belonging to genus Phlebotomus (Ph.) and two species belonging to genus Sergentomyia were identified. Leishmania DNA was detected in four out of 310 females (one Ph. sergenti and three Ph. papatasi). The overall sensitivity of the Prepronociceptin gene detection reached 76%. The concurrent presence of Ph. papatasi and Ph. sergenti vectors, the analysis of blood-meals, together with the detection of L. major in Ph. papatasi, confirms the ultimate conditions for the transmission of the disease in center Tunisia. These results expand the known epidemiological area of distrubtion of leishmaniasis and its vectors in this part of Tunisia, highlighting the need for ongoing entomological and parasitological surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia; Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Bettaieb
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia; Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Amira Bennour
- Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia; Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Sadok Salem
- Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia; Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Ghawar
- Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia; Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ridha Rjeibi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Neila Khabouchi
- Pôle Génomique-Plateforme Technique Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Mohamed Fethi Diouani
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT03, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology (LEMV), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Afif Ben Salah
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Bahraïn.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia; Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis-Belvedere, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yurchenko OO, Dubina DO, Vynograd NO, Gonzalez JP. Partial Characterization of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Isolates from Ticks of Southern Ukraine. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:550-557. [PMID: 28654319 PMCID: PMC5564047 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most common tick-borne viral infection in Eurasia; thousands of human cases are annually reported from several European countries. Several tick species are vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), while TBE appears to be spreading from the Eurasian continent westward to Europe. Fifteen study sites were chosen from five territories of southern Ukraine, including Odessa, Mykolaiv, Kherson Oblast, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and Sevastopol. Tick collection was performed in spring season of three consecutive years (1988–1990) using either flagging technique or direct collection of specimens feeding on cattle. A total of 15,243 tick imagoes and nymphs were collected from nine species, including Dermacentor marginatus, D. reticulatus, Haemaphysalis parva, H. punctata, Hyalomma marginatum, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus bursa, R. rossicus, and R. sanguineus, pooled in 282 monospecific samples. Supernatant of grinded pool was used for inoculation to suckling mice for virus isolation. Eight TBEV isolates were identified from ticks among six study sites. Ticks showed a minimum infection rate from 0.11% to 0.81%. Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope (E) protein gene of seven isolates, assigned all to the European subtype (TBEV-Eu) showing a maximum identity of 97.17% to the “Pan” TBEV-Eu reference strain. Compared to 104 TBEV-Eu isolates they clustered within the same clade as the Pan reference strain and distinguished from other TBEV-Eu isolates. Amino acid sequence analysis of the South Ukrainian TBEV-Eu isolates revealed the presence of four amino acid substitutions 67 (N), 266 (R), 306 (V), and 407 (R), in the ectodomains II and III and in the stem-anchor region of the E protein gene. This study confirmed TBEV-Eu subtype distribution in the southern region of Ukraine, which eventually overlaps with TBEV-FE (Far Eastern subtype) and TBEV-Sib (Siberian subtype) domains, showing the heterogeneity of TBEV circulating in Ukraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana O Yurchenko
- 1 State Body "I.I. Mechnikov Ukranian Anti-Plague Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine ," Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro O Dubina
- 1 State Body "I.I. Mechnikov Ukranian Anti-Plague Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine ," Odessa, Ukraine
| | | | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- 3 Health for Development , Paris, France .,4 Center of Excellence for Emerging Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Postler TS, Clawson AN, Amarasinghe GK, Basler CF, Bavari S, Benkő M, Blasdell KR, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Calisher CH, Chandran K, Charrel R, Clegg CS, Collins PL, Juan Carlos DLT, Derisi JL, Dietzgen RG, Dolnik O, Dürrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Emonet S, Formenty P, Fouchier RAM, Ghedin E, Gonzalez JP, Harrach B, Hewson R, Horie M, Jiāng D, Kobinger G, Kondo H, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kurath G, Lamb RA, Leroy EM, Lukashevich IS, Maisner A, Mushegian AR, Netesov SV, Nowotny N, Patterson JL, Payne SL, PaWeska JT, Peters CJ, Radoshitzky SR, Rima BK, Romanowski V, Rubbenstroth D, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Salvato MS, Schwemmle M, Smither SJ, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Takada A, Tesh RB, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Vasilakis N, Volchkov VE, Wahl-Jensen V, Walker PJ, Wang LF, Varsani A, Whitfield AE, Zerbini FM, Kuhn JH. Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials. Syst Biol 2017; 66:463-473. [PMID: 27798405 PMCID: PMC5837305 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and, even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment. [Arenaviridae; binomials; ICTV; International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; Mononegavirales; virus nomenclature; virus taxonomy.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - Anna N. Clawson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, 63110 MO, USA
| | - Christopher F. Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30303 GA, USA
| | - Sbina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Mária Benkő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - Michael J. Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697 CA, USA
| | | | - Charles H. Calisher
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523 CO, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461 NY, USA
| | - Rémi Charrel
- MR “Emergence des Pathologies Virales” (EPV: Aix-Marseille Université – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – EHESP), 13284 Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, 13015 Marseille, France
| | | | - Peter L. Collins
- Respiratory Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - De La Torre Juan Carlos
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
| | - Joseph L. Derisi
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, 94158 CA, USA
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Andrew J. Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Sébastian Emonet
- Unité de Virologie, IRBA – Echelon Recherche de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, 10003 NY, USA
| | | | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG Salisbury, UK
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 890-0065 Japan Korimoto Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Húbōi Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huázhōng Agricultural University, Wŭhàn, 430070 China, China
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada, Canada
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan, Japan
| | - Andrew M. Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, 98115 WA, USA
| | - Robert A. Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208 IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208 IL, USA
| | - Eric M. Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202 KY, USA
| | - Andrea Maisner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Arcady R. Mushegian
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, 22230, USA
| | - Sergey V. Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, 630090 Russia, Russia
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean L. Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, 78230 TX, USA
| | - Susan L. Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77845 TX, USA
| | - Janusz T. PaWeska
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 2131 Sandringham, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Sheli R. Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Bertus K. Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 39762 MS, USA
| | - Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, V0H 1Z0 British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria S. Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201 MD, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophie J. Smither
- Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ Wiltshire, UK
| | - Mark D. Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523 CO, USA
| | - David M. Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Weymouth, DT4 8UB Dorset, UK
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, 001-0020 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- University of Texas Medical Branch, TX 77555 Galveston, USA
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 6068507 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jonathan S. Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30333 GA, USA
| | | | - Viktor E. Volchkov
- Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, CIRI, INSERM U1111 – CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Victoria Wahl-Jensen
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Peter J. Walker
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Brisbane, 4000 Queensland, Australia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 1659857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | | | - F. Murilo Zerbini
- Department de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa - MG, 36570-900, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luboya LW, Malangu M, Kaleka M, Ngulu N, Nkokele B, Maryabo K, Pourrut X, Vincent T, Gonzalez JP. An assessment of caprine tuberculosis prevalence in Lubumbashi slaughterhouse, Democratic Republic of Congo. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:875-878. [PMID: 28258542 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Caprine tuberculosis is a major health problem for goats and a major zoonosis of veterinary public health interest. In order to prepare a response to and control of caprine tuberculosis, to evaluate the potential risks to public health, and to assess the prevalence of the disease in Katanga province, Democratic Republic of Congo, 656 goats that were slaughtered at the Kabasele abattoir of Mzee Laurent-Desire Kabila Market in Lubumbashi were subjected to rigorous veterinary inspection during June to August 2012. All goat specimens came from the Kasumbalesa, Kasenga, and Kipushi areas of Katanga province. Consequently, suspected organs presenting signs of tuberculosis were collected and examined using Ziehl-Neelsen stains for diagnosis. Through this investigative inspection in the province, we found an overall prevalence of caprine tuberculosis of 1.68%. Although females showed higher prevalence of caprine tuberculosis (1.07%) compared to males (0.61%), and adults showed higher prevalence (1.22%) than juveniles (0.45%), these comparisons were not statically significant. However, lung and intestine infection by tuberculosis showed significantly higher prevalence of positive cases (1.21 and 0.46%, respectively) (p < 0.05). Goats from Kasumbalesa had the highest prevalence of caprine tuberculosis (1.22%) compared to goats from Kipushi (0.31%) and Kasenga (0.18%). These findings show the risk of caprine tuberculosis in the province for the first time, and we therefore recommend the implementation of strict animal biosecurity and tuberculosis controlling protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luboya Wa Luboya
- Service de Microbiologie-immunologie et Maladies infectieuses, Département des précliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mposhy Malangu
- Service de Microbiologie-immunologie et Maladies infectieuses, Département des précliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mwenyi Kaleka
- Service de Microbiologie-immunologie et Maladies infectieuses, Département des précliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nsasi Ngulu
- Service de Microbiologie-immunologie et Maladies infectieuses, Département des précliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bimwala Nkokele
- Service de Microbiologie-immunologie et Maladies infectieuses, Département des précliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Kazembe Maryabo
- Service de Microbiologie-immunologie et Maladies infectieuses, Département des précliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Xavier Pourrut
- Clinique vétérinaire des Marsouins, Saint-Benoit, Réunion
| | - Tom Vincent
- Redstart Scientific, LLC, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Health For Development, Paris, France.,Kansas State University, Center of Excellentce for Zoonotic and Animal Diseases, Manhattan, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bourgarel M, Wauquier N, Gonzalez JP. Emerging viral threats in Gabon: health capacities and response to the risk of emerging zoonotic diseases in Central Africa. Emerging Health Threats Journal 2017. [DOI: 10.3402/ehtj.v3i0.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bourgarel
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UPR AGIRs, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Unité de Recherche Ecologie de la Santé, Franceville, Gabon; and
| | - Nadia Wauquier
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Unité des Maladies Virales émergentes, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Unité de Recherche Ecologie de la Santé, Franceville, Gabon; and
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
O'Hearn AE, Voorhees MA, Fetterer DP, Wauquier N, Coomber MR, Bangura J, Fair JN, Gonzalez JP, Schoepp RJ. Serosurveillance of viral pathogens circulating in West Africa. Virol J 2016; 13:163. [PMID: 27716429 PMCID: PMC5048616 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sub-Saharan Africa is home to a variety of pathogens, but disease surveillance and the healthcare infrastructure necessary for proper management and control are severely limited. Lassa virus, the cause of Lassa fever, a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans is endemic in West Africa. In Sierra Leone at the Kenema Government Hospital Lassa Diagnostic Laboratory, up to 70 % of acute patient samples suspected of Lassa fever test negative for Lassa virus infection. This large amount of acute undiagnosed febrile illness can be attributed in part to an array of hemorrhagic fever and arthropod-borne viruses causing disease that goes undetected and untreated. Methods To better define the nature and extent of viral pathogens infecting the Sierra Leonean population, we developed a multiplexed MAGPIX® assay to detect IgG antibodies against Lassa, Ebola, Marburg, Rift Valley fever, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses as well as pan-assays for flaviviruses and alphaviruses. This assay was used to survey 675 human serum samples submitted to the Lassa Diagnostic Laboratory between 2007 and 2014. Results In the study population, 50.2 % were positive for Lassa virus, 5.2 % for Ebola virus, 10.7 % for Marburg virus, 1.8 % for Rift Valley fever virus, 2.0 % for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, 52.9 % for flaviviruses and 55.8 % for alphaviruses. Conclusions These data exemplify the importance of disease surveillance and differential diagnosis for viral diseases in Sierra Leone. We demonstrate the endemic nature of some of these viral pathogens in the region and suggest that unrecognized outbreaks of viral infection have occurred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen E O'Hearn
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5011, USA
| | - Matthew A Voorhees
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5011, USA
| | - David P Fetterer
- Statistics Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | - Moinya R Coomber
- Kenema Government Hospital, Lassa Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | | | - Randal J Schoepp
- Diagnostic Systems Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, 21702-5011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Motsch P, Dilger C, Ngoubangoye B, Gonzalez JP, Le Flohic G. The sun-tailed monkey ( Cercopithecus solatus): first report of mother-infant dorsal carrying behaviour in a forest guenon, Gabon. Afr J Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Motsch
- Unité de Recherche en Ecologie et Santé; Centre International de Recherche Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF); BP 769 Franceville Gabon
- Limbe Wildlife Center; Limbe Zoological Garden; BP 878 Limbe Cameroun
| | - Carole Dilger
- Unité de Recherche en Ecologie et Santé; Centre International de Recherche Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF); BP 769 Franceville Gabon
| | | | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Unité de Recherche en Ecologie et Santé; Centre International de Recherche Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF); BP 769 Franceville Gabon
| | - Guillaume Le Flohic
- Unité de Recherche en Ecologie et Santé; Centre International de Recherche Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF); BP 769 Franceville Gabon
- Limbe Wildlife Center; Limbe Zoological Garden; BP 878 Limbe Cameroun
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Getz WM, Gonzalez JP, Salter R, Bangura J, Carlson C, Coomber M, Dougherty E, Kargbo D, Wolfe ND, Wauquier N. Tactics and strategies for managing Ebola outbreaks and the salience of immunization. Comput Math Methods Med 2015; 2015:736507. [PMID: 25755674 PMCID: PMC4338386 DOI: 10.1155/2015/736507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present a stochastic transmission chain simulation model for Ebola viral disease (EVD) in West Africa, with the salutary result that the virus may be more controllable than previously suspected. The ongoing tactics to detect cases as rapidly as possible and isolate individuals as safely as practicable is essential to saving lives in the current outbreaks in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Equally important are educational campaigns that reduce contact rates between susceptible and infectious individuals in the community once an outbreak occurs. However, due to the relatively low R 0 of Ebola (around 1.5 to 2.5 next generation cases are produced per current generation case in naïve populations), rapid isolation of infectious individuals proves to be highly efficacious in containing outbreaks in new areas, while vaccination programs, even with low efficacy vaccines, can be decisive in curbing future outbreaks in areas where the Ebola virus is maintained in reservoir populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne M. Getz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Metabiota, Inc., 1 Sutter Street, Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
| | - Richard Salter
- Computer Science Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - James Bangura
- Metabiota, Inc., 24 Main Motor Road, Congo Cross, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Colin Carlson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Moinya Coomber
- Metabiota Inc., Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Eric Dougherty
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Kargbo
- Directorate of Disease Prevention and Control, DPC Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Nathan D. Wolfe
- Metabiota, Inc., 1 Sutter Street, Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
| | - Nadia Wauquier
- Metabiota Inc., Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Université de Paris 06, CR7, CIMI-Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nitatpattana N, Kanjanopas K, Yoksan S, Satimai W, Vongba N, Langdatsuwan S, Nakgoi K, Ratchakum S, Wauquier N, Souris M, Auewarakul P, Gonzalez JP. Long-term persistence of Chikungunya virus neutralizing antibodies in human populations of North Eastern Thailand. Virol J 2014; 11:183. [PMID: 25330992 PMCID: PMC4283153 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak recurrences in Thailand are unpredictable and separated by unexplained and often long silent epidemiological periods that can last for several years. These silent periods could be explained in part by the fact that infection with one CHIKV strain confers lasting natural immunity, even against other CHIKV strains. In this study we evaluated the persistence of CHIKV-specific neutralizing antibodies in the population of Chumpae District, Khon Kaen Province, nineteen years after a CHIKV outbreak occurred in the same area in 1991. FINDINGS Overall 39% (44/111) of 111 former patients had neutralizing antibodies reacting against CHIKV ECSA strain. Consistently high titers of neutralizing antibodies were found in 75% (33/44) of all positively-reacting sera, 70% of which (23/33) were collected from individuals amongst the >60 years old age group. Although the prevalence found in Pong Haeng village (70%) was significantly higher than the prevalence detected in the Nong Thum village (14%), control study villages without known previous Chikungunya epidemics had a high Chikungunya neutralizing antibody prevalence (65%). CONCLUSIONS More than one-third of the pre-exposed population had persisting natural immunity that was more likely boosted by recent and repetitive exposure to the emerging ECSA CHIKV in Thailand. Also, Chikungunya virus appears to largely circulate in the country with a great variability appears between villages or area probably associated with the vector abundance and efficiency. Altogether these results show a potential for a lifelong immunity against CHIKV. Given the rapid spread of the highly pathogenic ECSA strain in Southern Thailand, the development of CHIK vaccine is strongly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kuhn JH, Andersen KG, Bào Y, Bavari S, Becker S, Bennett RS, Bergman NH, Blinkova O, Bradfute S, Brister JR, Bukreyev A, Chandran K, Chepurnov AA, Davey RA, Dietzgen RG, Doggett NA, Dolnik O, Dye JM, Enterlein S, Fenimore PW, Formenty P, Freiberg AN, Garry RF, Garza NL, Gire SK, Gonzalez JP, Griffiths A, Happi CT, Hensley LE, Herbert AS, Hevey MC, Hoenen T, Honko AN, Ignatyev GM, Jahrling PB, Johnson JC, Johnson KM, Kindrachuk J, Klenk HD, Kobinger G, Kochel TJ, Lackemeyer MG, Lackner DF, Leroy EM, Lever MS, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Olinger GG, Omilabu SA, Palacios G, Panchal RG, Park DJ, Patterson JL, Paweska JT, Peters CJ, Pettitt J, Pitt L, Radoshitzky SR, Ryabchikova EI, Saphire EO, Sabeti PC, Sealfon R, Shestopalov AM, Smither SJ, Sullivan NJ, Swanepoel R, Takada A, Towner JS, van der Groen G, Volchkov VE, Volchkova VA, Wahl-Jensen V, Warren TK, Warfield KL, Weidmann M, Nichol ST. Filovirus RefSeq entries: evaluation and selection of filovirus type variants, type sequences, and names. Viruses 2014; 6:3663-82. [PMID: 25256396 PMCID: PMC4189044 DOI: 10.3390/v6093663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence determination of complete or coding-complete genomes of viruses is becoming common practice for supporting the work of epidemiologists, ecologists, virologists, and taxonomists. Sequencing duration and costs are rapidly decreasing, sequencing hardware is under modification for use by non-experts, and software is constantly being improved to simplify sequence data management and analysis. Thus, analysis of virus disease outbreaks on the molecular level is now feasible, including characterization of the evolution of individual virus populations in single patients over time. The increasing accumulation of sequencing data creates a management problem for the curators of commonly used sequence databases and an entry retrieval problem for end users. Therefore, utilizing the data to their fullest potential will require setting nomenclature and annotation standards for virus isolates and associated genomic sequences. The National Center for Biotechnology Information’s (NCBI’s) RefSeq is a non-redundant, curated database for reference (or type) nucleotide sequence records that supplies source data to numerous other databases. Building on recently proposed templates for filovirus variant naming [<virus name> (<strain>)/<isolation host-suffix>/<country of sampling>/<year of sampling>/<genetic variant designation>-<isolate designation>], we report consensus decisions from a majority of past and currently active filovirus experts on the eight filovirus type variants and isolates to be represented in RefSeq, their final designations, and their associated sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Yīmíng Bào
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Richard S Bennett
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Nicholas H Bergman
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Olga Blinkova
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | | | - J Rodney Brister
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Alexander A Chepurnov
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Robert A Davey
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Norman A Doggett
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sven Enterlein
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Paul W Fenimore
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Pierre Formenty
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Robert F Garry
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Nicole L Garza
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Stephen K Gire
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. :
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Christian T Happi
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Michael C Hevey
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Anna N Honko
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Georgy M Ignatyev
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Joshua C Johnson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Karl M Johnson
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Hans-Dieter Klenk
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Gary Kobinger
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Tadeusz J Kochel
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Matthew G Lackemeyer
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Daniel F Lackner
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Eric M Leroy
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Mark S Lever
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Gene G Olinger
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sunday A Omilabu
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Rekha G Panchal
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Daniel J Park
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Janusz T Paweska
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Clarence J Peters
- Department of Pathology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - James Pettitt
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Louise Pitt
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sheli R Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Elena I Ryabchikova
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Rachel Sealfon
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | | | - Sophie J Smither
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Robert Swanepoel
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Ayato Takada
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Guido van der Groen
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Viktor E Volchkov
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Valentina A Volchkova
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Victoria Wahl-Jensen
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Travis K Warren
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Kelly L Warfield
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Manfred Weidmann
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- IViral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Délicat-Loembet LM, Elguero E, Arnathau C, Durand P, Ollomo B, Ossari S, Mezui-me-ndong J, Mbang Mboro T, Becquart P, Nkoghe D, Leroy E, Sica L, Gonzalez JP, Prugnolle F, Renaud F. Prevalence of the sickle cell trait in Gabon: a nationwide study. Infect Genet Evol 2014; 25:52-6. [PMID: 24727548 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an important cause of death in young children in Africa, which the World Health Organization has declared a public health priority. Although SCD has been studied at the continental scale and at the local scale, a picture of its distribution at the scale of an African country has never been given. The aim of this study is to provide such a picture for the Republic of Gabon, a country where precisely the epidemiology of SCD has been poorly investigated. To this effect, 4250 blood samples from persons older than 15 were collected between June 2005 and September 2008 in 210 randomly selected villages from the nine administrative provinces of Gabon. Two methods were used to screen Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) carriers: isoelectric focusing (IEF) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). SCT prevalence in Gabon was 21.1% (895/4249). SCT prevalence was significantly larger for the Bantu population (21.7%, n=860/3959) than for the Pygmy population (12.1%, n=35/290), (p=0.00013). In addition, the presence of Plasmodium sp. was assessed via thick blood examination. Age was positively associated with SCT prevalence (odds-ratio for an increase of 10 years in age=1.063, p=0.020). Sex was not associated with SCT prevalence. The study reveals the absence of homozygous sickle-cell patients, and marked differences in SCT prevalence between the Gabonese provinces, and also between population groups (Bantu vs Pygmy). These findings could be used by the public health authorities to allocate medical resources and target prevention campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucrèce M Délicat-Loembet
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon; MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2 5290) CHRU de Montpellier, 39 Av. C. Flahault, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Elguero
- MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2 5290) CHRU de Montpellier, 39 Av. C. Flahault, 34295 Montpellier, France.
| | - Céline Arnathau
- MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2 5290) CHRU de Montpellier, 39 Av. C. Flahault, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Durand
- MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2 5290) CHRU de Montpellier, 39 Av. C. Flahault, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Ollomo
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Simon Ossari
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jérôme Mezui-me-ndong
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Thélesfort Mbang Mboro
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Pierre Becquart
- MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2 5290) CHRU de Montpellier, 39 Av. C. Flahault, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Dieudonné Nkoghe
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Eric Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon; MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2 5290) CHRU de Montpellier, 39 Av. C. Flahault, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Lucas Sica
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon; METABIOTA, Emerging Diseases & Biosecurity, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Franck Prugnolle
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon; MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2 5290) CHRU de Montpellier, 39 Av. C. Flahault, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - François Renaud
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, CIRMF, BP 769 Franceville, Gabon; MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS/IRD/UM1/UM2 5290) CHRU de Montpellier, 39 Av. C. Flahault, 34295 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Souris M, Selenic D, Khaklang S, Ninphanomchai S, Minet G, Gonzalez JP, Kittayapong P. Poultry farm vulnerability and risk of avian influenza re-emergence in Thailand. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014; 11:934-51. [PMID: 24413705 PMCID: PMC3924483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) remains of concern as a major potential global threat. This article evaluates and discusses the level of vulnerability of medium and small-scale commercial poultry production systems in Thailand related to avian influenza virus re-emergence. We developed a survey on 173 farms in Nakhon Pathom province to identify the global level of vulnerability of farms, and to determine which type of farms appears to be more vulnerable. We used official regulations (the Good Agricultural Practices and Livestock Farm Standards regulations) as a reference to check whether these regulations are respected. The results show that numerous vulnerability factors subsist and could represent, in case of HPAI re-emergence, a significant risk for a large spread of the disease. Bio-security, farm management and agro-commercial practices are particularly significant on that matter: results show that these practices still need a thorough improvement on a majority of farms. Farms producing eggs (especially duck eggs) are more vulnerable than farms producing meat. Those results are consistent with the type of farms that were mostly affected during the 2004–2008 outbreaks in Thailand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Souris
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Dubravka Selenic
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Supaluk Khaklang
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Suwannapa Ninphanomchai
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Guy Minet
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Pattamaporn Kittayapong
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kuhn JH, Bào Y, Bavari S, Becker S, Bradfute S, Brauburger K, Rodney Brister J, Bukreyev AA, Caì Y, Chandran K, Davey RA, Dolnik O, Dye JM, Enterlein S, Gonzalez JP, Formenty P, Freiberg AN, Hensley LE, Hoenen T, Honko AN, Ignatyev GM, Jahrling PB, Johnson KM, Klenk HD, Kobinger G, Lackemeyer MG, Leroy EM, Lever MS, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Olinger GG, Palacios G, Patterson JL, Paweska JT, Pitt L, Radoshitzky SR, Ryabchikova EI, Saphire EO, Shestopalov AM, Smither SJ, Sullivan NJ, Swanepoel R, Takada A, Towner JS, van der Groen G, Volchkov VE, Volchkova VA, Wahl-Jensen V, Warren TK, Warfield KL, Weidmann M, Nichol ST. Virus nomenclature below the species level: a standardized nomenclature for filovirus strains and variants rescued from cDNA. Arch Virol 2013; 159:1229-37. [PMID: 24190508 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Specific alterations (mutations, deletions, insertions) of virus genomes are crucial for the functional characterization of their regulatory elements and their expression products, as well as a prerequisite for the creation of attenuated viruses that could serve as vaccine candidates. Virus genome tailoring can be performed either by using traditionally cloned genomes as starting materials, followed by site-directed mutagenesis, or by de novo synthesis of modified virus genomes or parts thereof. A systematic nomenclature for such recombinant viruses is necessary to set them apart from wild-type and laboratory-adapted viruses, and to improve communication and collaborations among researchers who may want to use recombinant viruses or create novel viruses based on them. A large group of filovirus experts has recently proposed nomenclatures for natural and laboratory animal-adapted filoviruses that aim to simplify the retrieval of sequence data from electronic databases. Here, this work is extended to include nomenclature for filoviruses obtained in the laboratory via reverse genetics systems. The previously developed template for natural filovirus genetic variant naming, <virus name> (<strain>/)<isolation host-suffix>/<country of sampling>/<year of sampling>/<genetic variant designation>-<isolate designation>, is retained, but we propose to adapt the type of information added to each field for cDNA clone-derived filoviruses. For instance, the full-length designation of an Ebola virus Kikwit variant rescued from a plasmid developed at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention could be akin to "Ebola virus H.sapiens-rec/COD/1995/Kikwit-abc1" (with the suffix "rec" identifying the recombinant nature of the virus and "abc1" being a placeholder for any meaningful isolate designator). Such a full-length designation should be used in databases and the methods section of publications. Shortened designations (such as "EBOV H.sap/COD/95/Kik-abc1") and abbreviations (such as "EBOV/Kik-abc1") could be used in the remainder of the text, depending on how critical it is to convey information contained in the full-length name. "EBOV" would suffice if only one EBOV strain/variant/isolate is addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nakgoi K, Nitatpattana N, Wajjwalku W, Pongsopawijit P, Kaewchot S, Yoksan S, Siripolwat V, Souris M, Gonzalez JP. Dengue, Japanese encephalitis and Chikungunya virus antibody prevalence among captive monkey (Macaca nemestrina) colonies of Northern Thailand. Am J Primatol 2013; 76:97-102. [PMID: 24105916 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The potential of macaque Macaca nemestrina leonina in Thailand to be infected by endemic arboviruses was assessed. The prevalence of antibodies of three arboviruses actively circulating in Thailand was determined by Plaque Reduction Neutralization assay procedures using samples from captive colonies in Northern Thailand. Out of 38 macaques, 9 (24%) presented reacting antibodies against dengue virus, 5 (13%) against Japanese encephalitis virus, and 4 (10%) against Chikungunya virus. Our results indicate that the northern pig-tailed macaque in Thailand can be infected by these arboviruses, inferring therefore that their virus specific vectors have bitten them. Given that, northern pig-tailed macaque represents an abundant population, living in close range to human or in peridomestic setting, they could play a role as potential reservoir host for arboviruses circulating in Thailand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khajornpong Nakgoi
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University at Salaya Putthamonthon 4, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Setchell JM, Abbott KM, Gonzalez JP, Knapp LA. Testing for post-copulatory selection for major histocompatibility complex genotype in a semi-free-ranging primate population. Am J Primatol 2013; 75:1021-31. [PMID: 23677678 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype influences mate choice. However, few studies have investigated MHC-mediated post-copulatory mate choice under natural, or even semi-natural, conditions. We set out to explore this question in a large semi-free-ranging population of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) using MHC-DRB genotypes for 127 parent-offspring triads. First, we showed that offspring MHC heterozygosity correlates positively with parental MHC dissimilarity suggesting that mating among MHC dissimilar mates is efficient in increasing offspring MHC diversity. Second, we compared the haplotypes of the parental dyad with those of the offspring to test whether post-copulatory sexual selection favored offspring with two different MHC haplotypes, more diverse gamete combinations, or greater within-haplotype diversity. Limited statistical power meant that we could only detect medium or large effect sizes. Nevertheless, we found no evidence for selection for heterozygous offspring when parents share a haplotype (large effect size), genetic dissimilarity between parental haplotypes (we could detect an odds ratio of ≥1.86), or within-haplotype diversity (medium-large effect). These findings suggest that comparing parental and offspring haplotypes may be a useful approach to test for post-copulatory selection when matings cannot be observed, as is the case in many study systems. However, it will be extremely difficult to determine conclusively whether post-copulatory selection mechanisms for MHC genotype exist, particularly if the effect sizes are small, due to the difficulty in obtaining a sufficiently large sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Setchell
- Evolutionary Anthropology Research Group, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kuhn JH, Bao Y, Bavari S, Becker S, Bradfute S, Brister JR, Bukreyev AA, Caì Y, Chandran K, Davey RA, Dolnik O, Dye JM, Enterlein S, Gonzalez JP, Formenty P, Freiberg AN, Hensley LE, Honko AN, Ignatyev GM, Jahrling PB, Johnson KM, Klenk HD, Kobinger G, Lackemeyer MG, Leroy EM, Lever MS, Lofts LL, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Olinger GG, Palacios G, Patterson JL, Paweska JT, Pitt L, Radoshitzky SR, Ryabchikova EI, Saphire EO, Shestopalov AM, Smither SJ, Sullivan NJ, Swanepoel R, Takada A, Towner JS, van der Groen G, Volchkov VE, Wahl-Jensen V, Warren TK, Warfield KL, Weidmann M, Nichol ST. Virus nomenclature below the species level: a standardized nomenclature for laboratory animal-adapted strains and variants of viruses assigned to the family Filoviridae. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1425-32. [PMID: 23358612 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Fouchet D, Verrier D, Ngoubangoye B, Souquière S, Makuwa M, Kazanji M, Gonzalez JP, Pontier D. Natural simian immunodeficiency virus transmission in mandrills: a family affair? Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:3426-35. [PMID: 22673358 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how pathogens spread and persist in the ecosystem is critical for deciphering the epidemiology of diseases of significance for global health and the fundamental mechanisms involved in the evolution of virulence and host resistance. Combining long-term behavioural and epidemiological data collected in a naturally infected mandrill population and a Bayesian framework, the present study investigated unknown aspects of the eco-epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), the recent ancestor of HIV. Results show that, in contrast to what is expected from aggressive and sexual transmission (i.e. the two commonly accepted transmission modes for SIV), cases of SIVmnd-1 subtype were significantly correlated among related individuals (greater than 30% of the observed cases). Challenging the traditional view of SIV, this finding suggests the inheritance of genetic determinants of susceptibility to SIV and/or a role for behavioural interactions among maternal kin affecting the transmission of the virus, which would highlight the underappreciated role of sociality in the spread of infectious diseases. Outcomes of this study also provide novel insights into the role of host social structure in the evolution of pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Fouchet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558-CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Motsch P, Gonzalez JP, Verrier D. Clinical biochemistry and hematology of the elusive sun-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus solatus) in Gabon: inaugural data from the only semifree ranging colony in the world. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:236-46. [PMID: 24006542 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.21993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical blood biochemistry and hematology are valuable tools to evaluate health and welfare in many animal species. In order to document the general biology of one of the most poorly known nonhuman primate species, and contribute to its conservation, the clinical blood biochemistry and hematology of the sun-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus solatus Harrisson) was investigated in its range of endemicity in Gabon. Data derived from 26 years of clinical monitoring of the only semicaptive colony of this species in the world, housed at CIRMF (Franceville, Gabon), were analyzed in order to establish reference values of age-sex classes. Consistent with previous reports in other primate species, age and sex significantly affected a number of biochemical and hematological parameters in C. solatus. Hematological analyses demonstrated significant differences in red blood cells, hemoglobin (HB), and hematocrit (HT), with males showing significantly greater values than females. In contrast, neutrophil counts were greater in females. An ontogenetic effect was detected for HB, HT, eosinophil, and monocyte counts, while lymphocytes significantly decreased with age. Biochemical analyses also showed significant differences, with females displaying greater cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase levels. Increase in levels of blood urea and aspartate aminotransferase coupled with decrease in albumin in old individuals suggested declining kidney, liver, and muscle functions with age. Interspecific comparisons were conducted and the effects of the unique semifree-ranging setting on the validity and value of the results presented are discussed. The reference values established will be useful in further ecological, parasitological, and virological studies of the sun-tailed monkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Motsch
- Equipe 'Primatologie et Santé, Unité de Recherche en Ecologie et Santé, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nkoghe D, Padilla C, Becquart P, Wauquier N, Moussavou G, Akué JP, Ollomo B, Pourrut X, Souris M, Kazanji M, Gonzalez JP, Leroy E. Risk factors for Zaire ebolavirus--specific IgG in rural Gabonese populations. J Infect Dis 2011; 204 Suppl 3:S768-75. [PMID: 21987749 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Gabon, several Ebolavirus outbreaks have occurred exclusively in the northeastern region. We conducted a large serosurvey to identify areas and populations at risk and potential demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors. METHODS Blood samples and clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from 4349 adults and 362 children in a random sample of 220 villages in the 9 provinces of Gabon. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV)-specific IgG, and thin blood smears were used to detect parasites. Logistic regression was implemented using Stata software (Stata), and a probability level of <.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of ZEBOV-specific IgG was 15.3% overall, increasing to 32.4% (P< .001) in forest areas. No sociodemographic risk factors were found, but the antibody prevalence increased linearly up to 20 years of age. Chronic arthralgia and amicrofilaremia were the only factors associated with ZEBOV seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the endemicity of ZEBOV in Gabon and its link to the ecosystem. Human antibody positivity would appear to be to the result of exposure to contaminated fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonne Nkoghe
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) nucleic acid was detected in Rousettus aegyptiacus bats in 2005 and 2006 in the midwest and southeast of Gabon. In this study we used MARV-specific real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and MARV-specific nested RT-PCR assay to screen 1257 bats caught during July 2009, December 2009, and June 2010 in 3 caves situated in northern Gabon. Nine specimens tested positive by the real-time assay, with cycle threshold values ranging from 35 to 39, of which only 1 R. aegyptiacus specimen collected in 2009 was positive in the nested VP35 RT-PCR assay. Together with MARV-positive bats in the south and west found in 2005 and 2006, confirmation of phylogenetically closely related MARV-positive bats 5 years later and in northern Gabon suggests that MARV is now enzootic in Gabon and emphasizes the importance of long-term monitoring of bat populations and human-bat interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gael D Maganga
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Gabon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gonzalez JP, Lambert G, Legand A, Debré P. Toward a transdisciplinary understanding and a global control of emerging infectious diseases. J Infect Dev Ctries 2011; 5:903-5. [PMID: 22169793 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Franceville International Centre for Medical Research (CIRMF) organized a first international symposium on infectious diseases, environments, and biodiversity. Over 200 international experts gathered in Gabon to forecast and work to prevent the emergence of infectious diseases. This symposium aimed to strengthen the regional and international fight against the emergence of infectious diseases with high-level scientific debates. Toward this goal, it brought together experts in human and animal health, the environment, and ecology, including biologists, climatologists, microbiologists, epidemiologists, public health professionals, and human and social sciences specialists. National, regional and international participants were present to debate on the challenges related to the emergence of infectious diseases and on the responses to be implemented. The symposium was very successful, and plans for a second symposium of this kind to be held in the near future in another high-biodiversity area are already underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Gabon
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Ngasia B, Kazadi G, Loko G, Sica L, Wamba G, Gonzalez JP, Tshilolo L. [2nd International Symposium on Sickle Cell Disease in Central Africa]. Med Trop (Mars) 2011; 71:535-536. [PMID: 22393614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Ngasia
- Département de Pédiatrie, CUK Kinshasa, RDC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liégeois F, Butel C, Mouinga-Ondéme A, Verrier D, Motsch P, Gonzalez JP, Peeters M, Rouet F, Onanga R. Full-length genome sequence of a simian immunodeficiency virus from a wild-captured sun-tailed monkey in Gabon provides evidence for a species-specific monophyletic SIVsun lineage. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011; 27:1237-41. [PMID: 21453183 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2011.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first characterization of SIVsun (L14 strain) from a sun-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus solatus) in Gabon in 1999, no further information exists about the evolutionary history and geographic distribution of this lentivirus. Here, we report the full-length molecular characterization of a second SIVsun virus (SIVsunK08) naturally infecting a wild-caught sun-tailed monkey. The SIVsunK08 strain was most closely related to SIVsunL14 and clustered with members of the SIVmnd-1/SIVlhoest group. SIVsunK08 shared identical functional motifs in the LTR, Gag and Env proteins with SIVsunL14. Our data indicate that C. solatus is naturally infected with a monophyletic SIVsun strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Liégeois
- UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and University of Montpellier I (UMI), Montpellier France
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Christelle Butel
- UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and University of Montpellier I (UMI), Montpellier France
| | | | - Delphine Verrier
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Peggy Motsch
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Martine Peeters
- UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and University of Montpellier I (UMI), Montpellier France
| | - François Rouet
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Richard Onanga
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gouilh MA, Puechmaille SJ, Gonzalez JP, Teeling E, Kittayapong P, Manuguerra JC. SARS-Coronavirus ancestor's foot-prints in South-East Asian bat colonies and the refuge theory. Infect Genet Evol 2011; 11:1690-702. [PMID: 21763784 PMCID: PMC7106191 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the great challenges in the ecology of infectious diseases is to understand what drives the emergence of new pathogens including the relationship between viruses and their hosts. In the case of the emergence of SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), several studies have shown coronavirus diversity in bats as well as the existence of SARS-CoV infection in apparently healthy bats, suggesting that bats may be a crucial host in the genesis of this disease. To elucidate the biogeographic origin of SARS-CoV and investigate the role that bats played in its emergence, we amplified coronavirus sequences from bat species captured throughout Thailand and assessed the phylogenetic relationships to each other and to other published coronavirus sequences. To this end, RdRp sequence of Coronavirinae was targeted by RT-PCR in non-invasive samples from bats collected in Thailand. Two new coronaviruses were detected in two bat species: one Betacoronavirus in Hipposideros larvatus and one Alphacoronavirus in Hipposiderosarmiger. Interestingly, these viruses from South-East Asia are related to those previously detected in Africa (Betacoronavirus-b) or in Europe (Alphacoronavirus & Betacoronavirus-b). These findings illuminate the origin and the evolutionary history of the SARS-CoV group found in bats by pushing forward the hypothesis of a Betacoronavirus spill-over from Hipposideridae to Rhinolophidae and then from Rhinolophidae to civets and Human. All reported Betacoronaviruses-b (SARS-CoV group) of Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae respectively cluster in two groups despite their broad geographic distribution and the sympatry of their hosts, which is in favor of an ancient and genetically independent evolution of Betacoronavirus-b clusters in these families. Moreover, despite its probable pathogenicity, we found that a Betacoronavirus-b can persistently infect a medium-sized hipposiderid bat colony. These findings illustrate the importance of the host phylogeny and the host/pathogen ecological interactions in the description and the understanding of pathogen emergence. The host's phylogeny, biogeography and behaviour, combined with already described roles of pathogen plasticity and anthropic changes are likely to be co-factors of disease emergence. Elucidating the common ancestor of Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae is key to understanding the evolutionary history of actual betacoronaviruses and therefore to get an insight of the deep origin of SARS-CoV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriadeg Ar Gouilh
- Institut Pasteur, CIBU, Department Infection and Epidemiology, 75724 Paris, France
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | | | - Emma Teeling
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pattamaporn Kittayapong
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leroy E, Baize S, Gonzalez JP. [Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever viruses: update on filoviruses]. Med Trop (Mars) 2011; 71:111-121. [PMID: 21695865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Ebola and Marburg viruses are the sole members of the Filoviridae family of viruses. They are characterized by a long filamentous form that is unique in the viral world. Filoviruses are among the most virulent pathogens currently known to infect humans. They cause fulminating disease characterized by acute fever followed by generalized hemorrhagic syndrome that is associated with 90% mortality in the most severe forms. Epidemic outbreaks of Marburg and Ebola viruses have taken a heavy toll on human life in Central Africa and devastated large ape populations in Gabon and Republic of Congo. Since their discovery in 1967 (Marburg) and 1976 (Ebola), more than 2,300 cases and 1,670 deaths have been reported. These numbers pale in comparison with the burden caused by malnutrition or other infectious disease scourges in Africa such as malaria, cholera, AIDS, dengue or tuberculosis. However, due to their extremely high lethality, association with multifocal hemorrhaging and specificity to the African continent, these hemorrhagic fever viruses have given rise to great interest on the part not only of the international scientific community but also of the general public because of their perceived potential as biological weapons. Much research has been performed on these viruses and major progress has been made in knowledge of their ecology, epidemiology and physiopathology and in development of vaccine candidates and therapeutic schemes. The purpose of this review is to present the main developments in these particular fields in the last decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nitatpattana N, Le Flohic G, Thongchai P, Nakgoi K, Palaboodeewat S, Khin M, Barbazan P, Yoksan S, Gonzalez JP. Elevated Japanese encephalitis virus activity monitored by domestic sentinel piglets in Thailand. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:391-4. [PMID: 21395418 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-nine domestic piglets from pig farms located in three provinces of Thailand between 2003 and 2004 were used as sentinel animals for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) circulation. Piglets were used as sentinel to underline, on one hand, the role of domestic pigs as JEV amplifying host and, on another hand, to point out the interest of using sentinel animals for Japanese encephalitis surveillance. JEV activity was demonstrated through i/ antibody detection using a specific ELISA test for the identification of Immunoglobulins of class M and G, ii/ virus isolation on cell culture, after experimental mosquito inoculation for virus amplification. Almost 100% and 83% of the piglets, respectively, had specific IgG and IgM JEV antibodies and 35% yielded a virus isolate. Piglets of the growing farm industry act as virus amplifier increasing the risk of transmission for the human community. Conclusively, since piglets JEV infection appears early in life and is generally clinically unnoticed, it represents an exceptional sentinel model for human health threats, which has to be considered by health authorities.
Collapse
|
40
|
Prugnolle F, Durand P, Ollomo B, Duval L, Ariey F, Arnathau C, Gonzalez JP, Leroy E, Renaud F. A fresh look at the origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the most malignant malaria agent. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1001283. [PMID: 21383971 PMCID: PMC3044689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
From which host did the most malignant human malaria come: birds, primates, or rodents? When did the transfer occur? Over the last half century, these have been some of the questions up for debate about the origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the most common and deadliest human malaria parasite, which is responsible for at least one million deaths every year. Recent findings bring elements in favor of a transfer from great apes, but are these evidences really solid? What are the grey areas that remain to be clarified? Here, we examine in depth these new elements and discuss how they modify our perception of the origin and evolution of P. falciparum. We also discuss the perspectives these new discoveries open.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Prugnolle
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (UM1-CNRS-IRD), Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (FP); (PD); (FR)
| | - Patrick Durand
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (UM1-CNRS-IRD), Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (FP); (PD); (FR)
| | - Benjamin Ollomo
- Unité de Parasitologie Médicale, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Linda Duval
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (UM1-CNRS-IRD), Montpellier, France
- Unité de Parasitologie Médicale, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Frédéric Ariey
- Unité de Parasitologie Médicale, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | | | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Unité de Recherche en Ecologie de la Santé, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Eric Leroy
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (UM1-CNRS-IRD), Montpellier, France
- Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - François Renaud
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (UM1-CNRS-IRD), Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (FP); (PD); (FR)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nkoghe D, Akue JP, Gonzalez JP, Leroy EM. Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection in asymptomatic rural Gabonese populations. Malar J 2011; 10:33. [PMID: 21306636 PMCID: PMC3041723 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria may be perennial or epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, and its transmission may be stable or unstable, depending on the region. The prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum carriage is poorly documented in Gabon. A large survey of P. falciparum infection was conducted in asymptomatic individuals living in rural Gabon. Methods Two hundred and twenty-two villages were randomly selected in the nine administrative regions. With the participants' informed consent, blood samples were collected for thick and thin blood film examination after 20% Giemsa staining. Prevalence rates were calculated per village, per region and per ecosystem, and nationwide. Demographic risk factors were identified with STATA software version 9.0. Significance was assumed at p < 0.05. Results and discussion The prevalence of P. falciparum in adults was 6.2% (269/4342) nationwide, with a maximum of 37.2% in one village; a linear decrease was observed with increasing age (p = 0.045). Only 5% of the 399 children from forest areas tested positive. The prevalence was significantly higher in forest areas (7%) than in savannah (4%) and lakeland (2.5%). Within the forest region, the prevalence was significantly higher in forest grassland (10.9%) than in the mountain forest (3.5%), interior forest (6.8%) and north-eastern forest (4.5%). Conclusion Plasmodium falciparum carriage remains high among adults in rural Gabon. Control measures must be adapted to the region and ecosystem. Routine treatment of asymptomatic individuals should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné Nkoghe
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Grard G, Drexler JF, Lekana-Douki S, Caron M, Lukashev A, Nkoghe D, Gonzalez JP, Drosten C, Leroy E. Type 1 wild poliovirus and putative enterovirus 109 in an outbreak of acute flaccid paralysis in Congo, October-November 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 15. [PMID: 21144443 DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.47.19723-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of flaccid paralysis syndrome in adults is ongoing in Congo. Molecular analysis of faecal, throat and cerebrospinal samples identified wildtype 1 poliovirus and an additional enterovirus C strain related to enterovirus 109 as the cause. As of 22 November, the cumulative number of cases was 409, of which 169 (41.3%) were fatal. This is one of the largest wild type 1 poliovirus outbreaks ever described associated with an unusually high case fatality rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Grard
- Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville (CIRMF, International Centre of Medical Research of Francville), Franceville, Gabon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gonzalez JP, Guiserix M, Sauvage F, Guitton JS, Vidal P, Bahi-Jaber N, Louzir H, Pontier D. Pathocenosis: a holistic approach to disease ecology. Ecohealth 2010; 7:237-41. [PMID: 20593218 PMCID: PMC3005112 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-010-0326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The history of medicine describes the emergence and recognition of infectious diseases, and human attempts to stem them. It also throws light on the role of changing environmental conditions on disease emergence/re-emergence, establishment and, sometimes, disappearance. However, the dynamics of infectious diseases is also influenced by the relationships between the community of interacting infectious agents present at a given time in a given territory, a concept that Mirko Grmek, an historian of medicine, conceptualized with the word "pathocenosis". The spatial and temporal evolution of diseases, when observed at the appropriate scales, illustrates how a change in the pathocenosis, whether of "natural" or anthropic origin, can lead to the emergence and spread of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- International Centre for Scientific Researches, Franceville (CIRMF), BP 2105, Libreville, Gabon.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Becquart P, Wauquier N, Mahlakõiv T, Nkoghe D, Padilla C, Souris M, Ollomo B, Gonzalez JP, De Lamballerie X, Kazanji M, Leroy EM. High prevalence of both humoral and cellular immunity to Zaire ebolavirus among rural populations in Gabon. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9126. [PMID: 20161740 PMCID: PMC2817732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) circulation and transmission to humans, we conducted a large serological survey of rural populations in Gabon, a country characterized by both epidemic and non epidemic regions. The survey lasted three years and covered 4,349 individuals from 220 randomly selected villages, representing 10.7% of all villages in Gabon. Using a sensitive and specific ELISA method, we found a ZEBOV-specific IgG seroprevalence of 15.3% overall, the highest ever reported. The seroprevalence rate was significantly higher in forested areas (19.4%) than in other ecosystems, namely grassland (12.4%), savannah (10.5%), and lakeland (2.7%). No other risk factors for seropositivity were found. The specificity of anti-ZEBOV IgG was confirmed by Western blot in 138 individuals, and CD8 T cells from seven IgG+ individuals were shown to produce IFN-gamma after ZEBOV stimulation. Together, these findings show that a large fraction of the human population living in forested areas of Gabon has both humoral and cellular immunity to ZEBOV. In the absence of identified risk factors, the high prevalence of "immune" persons suggests a common source of human exposure such as fruits contaminated by bat saliva. These findings provide significant new insights into ZEBOV circulation and human exposure, and raise important questions as to the human pathogenicity of ZEBOV and the existence of natural protective immunization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Becquart
- Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
- UMR190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Université Aix-Marseille II & Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Marseille, France
| | - Nadia Wauquier
- Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Tanel Mahlakõiv
- Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Dieudonné Nkoghe
- Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Cindy Padilla
- Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Marc Souris
- UMR190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Université Aix-Marseille II & Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Marseille, France
- Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhonpathon, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Ollomo
- Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Xavier De Lamballerie
- UMR190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Université Aix-Marseille II & Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Marseille, France
| | - Mirdad Kazanji
- Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Eric M. Leroy
- Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
- UMR190 Emergence des Pathologies Virales, Université Aix-Marseille II & Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Souris M, Gonzalez JP, Shanmugasundaram J, Corvest V, Kittayapong P. Retrospective space-time analysis of H5N1 Avian Influenza emergence in Thailand. Int J Health Geogr 2010; 9:3. [PMID: 20105327 PMCID: PMC2836995 DOI: 10.1186/1476-072x-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus remains a worldwide threat to human and animal health, while the mechanisms explaining its epizootic emergence and re-emergence in poultry are largely unknown. Data from Thailand, a country that experienced significant epidemics in poultry and has recorded suspicious cases of HPAI on a daily basis since 2004, are used here to study the process of emergence. A spatial approach is employed to describe all HPAI H5N1 virus epizootics from 2004 to 2008 and to characterize the pattern of emergence: multiple independent introductions of the virus followed by moderate local spread vs. very rare emergences followed by strong local spread and rare long range diffusion jumps. Sites where epizootics originate (by foreign introduction, local persistence, or long range jump) were selected from those to which the disease subsequently spreads using a filter based on relative date and position. The spatial distribution of these selected foci was statistically analyzed, and to differentiate environmental factors from long range diffusion, we investigate the relationship of these foci with environmental exposure factors and with rearing characteristics. Results During each wave of epizootics, the temporal occurrence of cases did not show a temporal interruption of more than a week. All foci were globally clustered; i.e., more than 90% of cases had a previous case within a 10 km range and a 21 day period of time, showing a strong local spread. We were able to estimate 60 km as the maximum distance for the local farm to farm dissemination process. The remaining "emergent" cases have occurred randomly over Thailand and did not show specific location, clusters, or trends. We found that these foci are not statistically related to specific environmental conditions or land cover characteristics, and most of them may be interpreted as long range diffusion jumps due to commercial practices. Conclusion We conclude that only a few foci appear to have been at the origin of each HPAI epidemic wave, leading to the practical action that surveillance and control must focus on farm to farm transmission rather than on emergence or wild fauna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Souris
- Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases, Mahidol University at Salaya, 999 Phutthamonthon 4, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pourrut X, Souris M, Towner JS, Rollin PE, Nichol ST, Gonzalez JP, Leroy E. Large serological survey showing cocirculation of Ebola and Marburg viruses in Gabonese bat populations, and a high seroprevalence of both viruses in Rousettus aegyptiacus. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9:159. [PMID: 19785757 PMCID: PMC2761397 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ebola and Marburg viruses cause highly lethal hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Recently, bats of multiple species have been identified as possible natural hosts of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) in Gabon and Republic of Congo, and also of marburgvirus (MARV) in Gabon and Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods We tested 2147 bats belonging to at least nine species sampled between 2003 and 2008 in three regions of Gabon and in the Ebola epidemic region of north Congo for IgG antibodies specific for ZEBOV and MARV. Results Overall, IgG antibodies to ZEBOV and MARV were found in 4% and 1% of bats, respectively. ZEBOV-specific antibodies were found in six bat species (Epomops franqueti, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Myonycteris torquata, Micropteropus pusillus, Mops condylurus and Rousettus aegyptiacus), while MARV-specific antibodies were only found in Rousettus aegyptiacus and Hypsignathus monstrosus. The prevalence of MARV-specific IgG was significantly higher in R. aegyptiacus members captured inside caves than elsewhere. No significant difference in prevalence was found according to age or gender. A higher prevalence of ZEBOV-specific IgG was found in pregnant females than in non pregnant females. Conclusion These findings confirm that ZEBOV and MARV co-circulate in Gabon, the only country where bats infected by each virus have been found. IgG antibodies to both viruses were detected only in Rousettus aegyptiacus, suggesting that this bat species may be involved in the natural cycle of both Marburg and Ebola viruses. The presence of MARV in Gabon indicates a potential risk for a first human outbreak. Disease surveillance should be enhanced in areas near caves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Pourrut
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR 178, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vallée J, Dubot-Pérès A, Ounaphom P, Sayavong C, Bryant JE, Gonzalez JP. Spatial distribution and risk factors of dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus infection in urban settings: the case of Vientiane, Lao PDR. Trop Med Int Health 2009; 14:1134-42. [PMID: 19563430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of flavivirus infection in Vientiane city (Lao PDR), to describe the spatial distribution of infection within this city, and to explore the link between flavivirus seroprevalence and urbanization levels of residential neighbourhoods. METHODS A seroprevalence survey was carried out in 2006 including 1990 adults (>or=35 years) and 1568 children (>or=6 months and <6 years) randomly selected. RESULTS The prevalence of individuals with previous flavivirus infection (i.e. negative for both DEN and JE IgM but positive for DEN IgG) was 57.7%, with a significantly (P < 0.001) higher prevalence among adults (84.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 82.4-86.8) than children (9.4%; 95% CI = 7.2-11.6). The prevalence of individuals with recent flavivirus infection (i.e. positive for DEN and/or JE IgM) was 6.5% and also significantly (P < 0.001) higher among adults (10.0%; 95% CI = 8.3-11.7) than children (2.5%; 95% CI = 1.5-3.5). In terms of spatial distribution, IgG prevalence was significantly (P < 0.001) higher among individuals living in the central city (60.1%; 95% CI = 56.2-64.1) than among those living in the periphery (44.3%; 95% CI = 41.5-47.2). In contrast, seroprevalence of recent flavivirus infections was significantly (P < 0.001) higher among individuals living in the periphery (8.8%; 95% CI = 6.9-10.7) than in the central city (4.0%; 95% CI = 2.9-5.2). This association was also statistically consistent (P < 0.01) in multivariate logistic regression after controlling for individual risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the level of urbanization of residential neighbourhoods influences the risk of flavivirus infection. The spatial distribution of flavivirus infection varies, even within a small city of less than 300,000 habitants such as Vientiane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vallée
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Emergence des pathologies virales UMR 190, Vientiane, Lao PDR.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nitatpattana N, Dubot-Pérès A, Gouilh MA, Souris M, Barbazan P, Yoksan S, de Lamballerie X, Gonzalez JP. Change in Japanese encephalitis virus distribution, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 14:1762-5. [PMID: 18976565 PMCID: PMC2630747 DOI: 10.3201/eid1411.080542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotypes in Thailand were studied in pigs and mosquitoes collected near houses of confirmed human JEV cases in 2003–2005. Twelve JEV strains isolated belonged to genotype I, which shows a switch from genotype III incidence that started during the 1980s.
Collapse
|
49
|
Moureau G, Temmam S, Gonzalez JP, Charrel RN, Grard G, de Lamballerie X. A real-time RT-PCR method for the universal detection and identification of flaviviruses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 7:467-77. [PMID: 18020965 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe an optimized molecular protocol for the universal detection and identification of flaviviruses. It combines the convenient real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) format with a broad spectrum of flavivirus detection. This assay, based on the amplification of a 269-272 nt (depending on the flavivirus tested) region at the N terminal end of the NS5 gene, enabled the amplification of 51 flavivirus species and 3 tentative species. Sequencing of the amplicons produced by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR permitted the reliable taxonomic identification of flavivirus species by comparison with reference sequences available in databases, using either the BLASTN algorithm or a simple phylogenetic reconstruction. The limit of detection of the assay (2-20,500 copies/reaction depending on the virus tested) allowed the detection of different flaviviruses from a series of human sera or veterinary samples. Altogether, the characteristics of this technique make it a good candidate for the identification of previously identified flaviviruses in cell culture and the investigation of field samples, and also a promising tool for the discovery and identification of new species, including viruses distantly related to "classical" arthropod-borne flaviviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Moureau
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Barbazan P, Palabodeewat S, Nitatpattana N, Gonzalez JP. Detection of host virus-reactive antibodies in blood meals of naturally engorged mosquitoes. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 9:103-8. [PMID: 18973442 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although serosurvey in human or animals is a useful and straightforward strategy routinely used for public health, it often faces different types of impediments: ethics, beliefs, limitation by animal owners, hazard of access to wild animals. To survey virus circulation, we applied the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique to detect Dengue and Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus-reactive antibodies in blood meals collected from mosquitoes without regard to the potential of mosquito species to be a virus vector. ELISA was performed on mosquito colonies and wild specimens collected from farms and urban areas. Blood meals from Aedes aegypti freshly fed on naturally infected volunteers showed the same levels of dengue immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM as the sera directly collected from volunteers. A significant clearance of antibodies during the digestion process started from 13 hours after blood meal, and a negative baseline was reached after 30 hours. The ELISA test performed on wild mosquitoes showed that 37% of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes that engorged on humans in a dengue urban endemic area tested positive for dengue IgG, and in a JE virus-endemic area, 88% of Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes that engorged on pigs from a large pig farm tested positive for JE virus antibodies versus 11% in a small farm. The main limitation of the ELISA method is the antibody cross-reactivity among flaviviruses; also, sampling strategy should be adjusted to take into account that the actual host from which the blood meal was taken may not be determined. Nevertheless, ELISA performed on recently (1-2 days) engorged mosquito, or any other hematophagous arthropod species, could potentially be used as a "wild phlebotomist" to monitor the prevalence or emergence of a variety of pathogens, with less of the practical, ethical, or risk limitations due to direct blood collection from humans and wild or domestic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Barbazan
- Department of Center for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|