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Willet V, Dixit D, Fisher D, Bausch DG, Ogunsola F, Khabsa J, Akl EA, Baller A. Summary of WHO infection prevention and control guideline for Ebola and Marburg disease: a call for evidence based practice. BMJ 2024; 384:2811. [PMID: 38408787 PMCID: PMC10897755 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Devika Dixit
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dale Fisher
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel G Bausch
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Joanne Khabsa
- Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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Ezie KN, Takoutsing BD, Modeste D, Ines MZ, Sybile TNL, Caleb NM, Esene IN. Marburg Virus Outbreak in Equatorial Guinea: Need for Speed. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:5. [PMID: 38273871 PMCID: PMC10809853 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The co-existence of deadly viral pandemics can be considered a nightmare for public health authorities. The surge of a Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in Africa at a time when the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is partially controlled with its limited resources is an urgent call for concern. Over the past decades, several bouts of MVD outbreaks have occurred in Africa with an alarming case fatality rate. Despite this, little has been done to end its recurrence, and affected countries essentially depend on preventative rather than curative measures of management. The recent outbreak of MVD declared by the health officials of Equatorial Guinea, causing several deaths in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, signals the need for speed in the establishment and the implementation of appropriate health policies and health system strategies to contain, destroy, and prevent the spread of this deadly virus to other neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nathan Ezie
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua, University of Garoua Cameroon, Cameroon
- Research Division, Winners Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Berjo Dongmo Takoutsing
- Research Division, Winners Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Diele Modeste
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua, University of Garoua Cameroon, Cameroon
- Research Division, Winners Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Miste Zourmba Ines
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua, University of Garoua Cameroon, Cameroon
- Research Division, Winners Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Tatsadjieu Ngoune Leopoldine Sybile
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua, University of Garoua Cameroon, Cameroon
- Research Division, Winners Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nformi Monde Caleb
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua, University of Garoua Cameroon, Cameroon
- Research Division, Winners Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ignatius N. Esene
- Research Division, Winners Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
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3
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Prator CA, Dorratt BM, O’Donnell KL, Lack J, Pinski AN, Ricklefs S, Martens CA, Messaoudi I, Marzi A. Transcriptional profiling of immune responses in NHPs after low-dose, VSV-based vaccination against Marburg virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2252513. [PMID: 37616377 PMCID: PMC10498809 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2252513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Marburg virus (MARV), the causative agent of Marburg virus disease (MVD), results in haemorrhagic disease and high case fatality rates (>40%) in humans. Despite its public health relevance, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics to prevent or treat MVD. A vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine expressing the MARV glycoprotein (VSV-MARV) is currently in clinical development. Previously, a single 10 million PFU dose of VSV-MARV administered 1-5 weeks before lethal MARV challenge conferred uniform protection in nonhuman primates (NHPs), demonstrating fast-acting potential. Additionally, our group recently demonstrated that even a low dose VSV-MARV (1000 PFU) protected NHPs when given 7 days before MARV challenge. In this study, we longitudinally profiled the transcriptional responses of NHPs vaccinated with this low dose of VSV-MARV either 14 or 7 days before lethal MARV challenge. NHPs vaccinated 14 days before challenge presented with transcriptional changes consistent with an antiviral response before challenge. Limited gene expression changes were observed in the group vaccinated 7 days before challenge. After challenge, genes related to lymphocyte-mediated immunity were only observed in the group vaccinated 14 days before challenge, indicating that the length of time between vaccination and challenge influenced gene expression. Our results indicate that a low dose VSV-MARV elicits distinct immune responses that correlate with protection against MVD. A low dose of VSV-MARV should be evaluated in clinical rails as it may be an option to deliver beneficial public health outcomes to more people in the event of future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A. Prator
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Brianna M. Dorratt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kyle L. O’Donnell
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda N. Pinski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stacy Ricklefs
- Research Technology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Craig A. Martens
- Research Technology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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4
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Qian GY, Edmunds WJ, Bausch DG, Jombart T. A mathematical model of Marburg virus disease outbreaks and the potential role of vaccination in control. BMC Med 2023; 21:439. [PMID: 37964296 PMCID: PMC10648709 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marburg virus disease is an acute haemorrhagic fever caused by Marburg virus. Marburg virus is zoonotic, maintained in nature in Egyptian fruit bats, with occasional spillover infections into humans and nonhuman primates. Although rare, sporadic cases and outbreaks occur in Africa, usually associated with exposure to bats in mines or caves, and sometimes with secondary human-to-human transmission. Outbreaks outside of Africa have also occurred due to importation of infected monkeys. Although all previous Marburg virus disease outbreaks have been brought under control without vaccination, there is nevertheless the potential for large outbreaks when implementation of public health measures is not possible or breaks down. Vaccines could thus be an important additional tool, and development of several candidate vaccines is under way. METHODS We developed a branching process model of Marburg virus transmission and investigated the potential effects of several prophylactic and reactive vaccination strategies in settings driven primarily by multiple spillover events as well as human-to-human transmission. Linelist data from the 15 outbreaks up until 2022, as well as an Approximate Bayesian Computational framework, were used to inform the model parameters. RESULTS Our results show a low basic reproduction number which varied across outbreaks, from 0.5 [95% CI 0.05-1.8] to 1.2 [95% CI 1.0-1.9] but a high case fatality ratio. Of six vaccination strategies explored, the two prophylactic strategies (mass and targeted vaccination of high-risk groups), as well as a combination of ring and targeted vaccination, were generally most effective, with a probability of potential outbreaks being terminated within 1 year of 0.90 (95% CI 0.90-0.91), 0.89 (95% CI 0.88-0.90), and 0.88 (95% CI 0.87-0.89) compared with 0.68 (0.67-0.69) for no vaccination, especially if the outbreak is driven by zoonotic spillovers and the vaccination campaign initiated as soon as possible after onset of the first case. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that various vaccination strategies can be effective in helping to control outbreaks of MVD, with the best approach varying with the particular epidemiologic circumstances of each outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Y Qian
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - W John Edmunds
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniel G Bausch
- FIND, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thibaut Jombart
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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5
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Elsheikh R, Makram AM, Selim H, Nguyen D, Le TTT, Tran VP, Elaziz Khader SA, Huy NT. Reemergence of Marburgvirus disease: Update on current control and prevention measures and review of the literature. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2461. [PMID: 37208958 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 1967, the very first case of the Marburgvirus disease (MVD) was detected in Germany and Serbia sequentially. Since then, MVD has been considered one of the most serious and deadly infectious diseases in the world with a case-fatality rate between 23% and 90% and a substantial number of recorded deaths. Marburgvirus belongs to the family of Filoviridae (filoviruses), which causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). Some major risk factors for human infections are close contact with African fruit bats, MVD-infected non-human primates, and MVD-infected individuals. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific treatment for MVD, which emphasizes the seriousness of this disease. In July 2022, the World Health Organization reported outbreaks of MVD in Ghana after two suspected VHF cases were detected. This was followed in February and March 2023 with the emergence of the virus in two countries new to the virus: Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania, respectively. In this review, we aim to highlight the characteristics, etiology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms of MVD, along with the current prevention measures and the possible treatments to control this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Elsheikh
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Abdelrahman M Makram
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hager Selim
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the People, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Thi Thu Thao Le
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van-Phu Tran
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - Sarah Abd Elaziz Khader
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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6
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Bonney JK, Adu B, Sanders T, Pratt D, Adams P, Asante IA, Bonney EY, Agbodzi B, Kumordjie S, Faye M, Obodai E, Ketorwoley P, Yeboah C, Tublu M, Diagne MM, Diallo A, Ofori M, Laryea D, Asiedu-Bekoe F, Kyei GB, Ohene SA, Boateng G, Chapman R, Faye O, Wiley M, Odoom J, Sall A, Kasolo FC, Yeboah-Manu D. Marburg Virus Disease in Ghana. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:2393-2394. [PMID: 37342928 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2300867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Bonney
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bright Adu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Deborah Pratt
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - Patience Adams
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ivy A Asante
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Y Bonney
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Clara Yeboah
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 3, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mildred Tublu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Magdalene Ofori
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | - Gifty Boateng
- National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ryan Chapman
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - John Odoom
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
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7
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Harris E. Marburg Vaccine Safe, Immunogenic in Phase 1 Trial. JAMA 2023; 329:703. [PMID: 36790829 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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8
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Manno D. Developing a vaccine against Marburg virus disease. Lancet 2023; 401:251-253. [PMID: 36709065 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Manno
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
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9
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Ye X, Holland R, Wood M, Pasetka C, Palmer L, Samaridou E, McClintock K, Borisevich V, Geisbert TW, Cross RW, Heyes J. Combination treatment of mannose and GalNAc conjugated small interfering RNA protects against lethal Marburg virus infection. Mol Ther 2023; 31:269-281. [PMID: 36114672 PMCID: PMC9840110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) infection results in severe viral hemorrhagic fever with mortalities up to 90%, and there is a pressing need for effective therapies. Here, we established a small interfering RNA (siRNA) conjugate platform that enabled successful subcutaneous delivery of siRNAs targeting the MARV nucleoprotein. We identified a hexavalent mannose ligand with high affinity to macrophages and dendritic cells, which are key cellular targets of MARV infection. This ligand enabled successful siRNA conjugate delivery to macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. The delivered hexa-mannose-siRNA conjugates rendered substantial target gene silencing in macrophages when supported by a mannose functionalized endosome release polymer. This hexa-mannose-siRNA conjugate was further evaluated alongside our hepatocyte-targeting GalNAc-siRNA conjugate, to expand targeting of infected liver cells. In MARV-Angola-infected guinea pigs, these platforms offered limited survival benefit when used as individual agents. However, in combination, they achieved up to 100% protection when dosed 24 h post infection. This novel approach, using two different ligands to simultaneously deliver siRNA to multiple cell types relevant to infection, provides a convenient subcutaneous route of administration for treating infection by these dangerous pathogens. The mannose conjugate platform has potential application to other diseases involving macrophages and dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Genevant Sciences Corporation, Vancouver, BC V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Richard Holland
- Genevant Sciences Corporation, Vancouver, BC V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Mark Wood
- Genevant Sciences Corporation, Vancouver, BC V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Chris Pasetka
- Genevant Sciences Corporation, Vancouver, BC V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Lorne Palmer
- Genevant Sciences Corporation, Vancouver, BC V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Eleni Samaridou
- Genevant Sciences Corporation, Vancouver, BC V5T 4T5, Canada
| | | | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - James Heyes
- Genevant Sciences Corporation, Vancouver, BC V5T 4T5, Canada.
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10
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Schneider KA, Bonney JHK, Kubio C, Awandare GA, Eichner M. Reconsidering the incubation period of Marburg virus disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22:1525-1526. [PMID: 36174591 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristan A Schneider
- Department of Applied Computer and Bioscience, Hochschule Mittweida, Mittweida 09648, Germany.
| | - Joseph H Kofi Bonney
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Chrysantus Kubio
- Savannah Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Damongo, Ghana
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Martin Eichner
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Epimos, Bischofsheim in der Rhön, Germany
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11
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Cross RW, Longini IM, Becker S, Bok K, Boucher D, Carroll MW, Díaz JV, Dowling WE, Draghia-Akli R, Duworko JT, Dye JM, Egan MA, Fast P, Finan A, Finch C, Fleming TR, Fusco J, Geisbert TW, Griffiths A, Günther S, Hensley LE, Honko A, Hunegnaw R, Jakubik J, Ledgerwood J, Luhn K, Matassov D, Meshulam J, Nelson EV, Parks CL, Rustomjee R, Safronetz D, Schwartz LM, Smith D, Smock P, Sow Y, Spiropoulou CF, Sullivan NJ, Warfield KL, Wolfe D, Woolsey C, Zahn R, Henao-Restrepo AM, Muñoz-Fontela C, Marzi A. An introduction to the Marburg virus vaccine consortium, MARVAC. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010805. [PMID: 36227853 PMCID: PMC9560149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Marburg virus (MARV) in Guinea and Ghana triggered the assembly of the MARV vaccine "MARVAC" consortium representing leaders in the field of vaccine research and development aiming to facilitate a rapid response to this infectious disease threat. Here, we discuss current progress, challenges, and future directions for MARV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ira M. Longini
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute for Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karin Bok
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Boucher
- U.S. COVID-19 Response at U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | | | - William E. Dowling
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Washington, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ruxandra Draghia-Akli
- Johnson & Johnson—Global Public Health Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James T. Duworko
- Partnership for Research on Infectious Diseases in Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - John M. Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Egan
- Auro Vaccines, Pearl River, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Amy Finan
- Sabin vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Courtney Finch
- Sabin vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Fleming
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joan Fusco
- Public Health Vaccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephan Günther
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa E. Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anna Honko
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruth Hunegnaw
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn Jakubik
- Sabin vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Julie Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kerstin Luhn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Emily V. Nelson
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Roxana Rustomjee
- Sabin vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - David Safronetz
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Dean Smith
- Bacterial and Combination Vaccines, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Smock
- Sabin vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ydrissa Sow
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nancy J. Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kelly L. Warfield
- Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Wolfe
- Bacterial and Combination Vaccines, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Galveston National Laboratory, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
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12
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Woolsey C, Cross RW, Agans KN, Borisevich V, Deer DJ, Geisbert JB, Gerardi C, Latham TE, Fenton KA, Egan MA, Eldridge JH, Geisbert TW, Matassov D. A highly attenuated Vesiculovax vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Marburg virus challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010433. [PMID: 35622847 PMCID: PMC9182267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marburg virus (MARV), an Ebola-like virus, remains an eminent threat to public health as demonstrated by its high associated mortality rate (23-90%) and recent emergence in West Africa for the first time. Although a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based vaccine (Ervebo) is licensed for Ebola virus disease (EVD), no approved countermeasures exist against MARV. Results from clinical trials indicate Ervebo prevents EVD in 97.5-100% of vaccinees 10 days onwards post-immunization. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS Given the rapid immunogenicity of the Ervebo platform against EVD, we tested whether a similar, but highly attenuated, rVSV-based Vesiculovax vector expressing the glycoprotein (GP) of MARV (rVSV-N4CT1-MARV-GP) could provide swift protection against Marburg virus disease (MVD). Here, groups of cynomolgus monkeys were vaccinated 7, 5, or 3 days before exposure to a lethal dose of MARV (Angola variant). All subjects (100%) immunized one week prior to challenge survived; 80% and 20% of subjects survived when vaccinated 5- and 3-days pre-exposure, respectively. Lethality was associated with higher viral load and sustained innate immunity transcriptional signatures, whereas survival correlated with development of MARV GP-specific antibodies and early expression of predicted NK cell-, B-cell-, and cytotoxic T-cell-type quantities. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results emphasize the utility of Vesiculovax vaccines for MVD outbreak management. The highly attenuated nature of rVSV-N4CT1 vaccines, which are clinically safe in humans, may be preferable to vaccines based on the same platform as Ervebo (rVSV "delta G" platform), which in some trial participants induced vaccine-related adverse events in association with viral replication including arthralgia/arthritis, dermatitis, and cutaneous vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Woolsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Krystle N. Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joan B. Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cheryl Gerardi
- Department of Viral Vaccine Development, Auro Vaccines, Pearl River, New York, United States of America
| | - Theresa E. Latham
- Department of Viral Vaccine Development, Auro Vaccines, Pearl River, New York, United States of America
| | - Karla A. Fenton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Egan
- Department of Immunology, Auro Vaccines, Pearl River, New York, United States of America
| | - John H. Eldridge
- Department of Immunology, Auro Vaccines, Pearl River, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TWG); (DM)
| | - Demetrius Matassov
- Department of Viral Vaccine Development, Auro Vaccines, Pearl River, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TWG); (DM)
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13
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Mattiuzzo G, Bentley EM, Page M. The Role of Reference Materials in the Research and Development of Diagnostic Tools and Treatments for Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090781. [PMID: 31450611 PMCID: PMC6783900 DOI: 10.3390/v11090781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the Ebola outbreak in Western Africa in 2013–16, a global effort has taken place for preparedness for future outbreaks. As part of this response, the development of vaccines, treatments and diagnostic tools has been accelerated, especially towards pathogens listed as likely to cause an epidemic and for which there are no current treatments. Several of the priority pathogens identified by the World Health Organisation are haemorrhagic fever viruses. This review provides information on the role of reference materials as an enabling tool for the development and evaluation of assays, and ultimately vaccines and treatments. The types of standards available are described, along with how they can be applied for assay harmonisation through calibration as a relative potency to a common arbitrary unitage system (WHO International Unit). This assures that assay metrology is accurate and robust. We describe reference materials that have been or are being developed for haemorrhagic fever viruses and consider the issues surrounding their production, particularly that of biosafety where the viruses require specialised containment facilities. Finally, we advocate the use of reference materials at early stages, including research and development, as this helps produce reliable assays and can smooth the path to regulatory approval.
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MESH Headings
- Africa, Western/epidemiology
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/blood
- Dengue Virus/immunology
- Dengue Virus/isolation & purification
- Dengue Virus/pathogenicity
- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
- Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/isolation & purification
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Epidemics/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/isolation & purification
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/pathogenicity
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/diagnosis
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/diagnosis
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Humans
- Information Services
- Lassa Fever/diagnosis
- Lassa Fever/immunology
- Lassa Fever/prevention & control
- Lassa virus/immunology
- Lassa virus/isolation & purification
- Lassa virus/pathogenicity
- Marburg Virus Disease/diagnosis
- Marburg Virus Disease/immunology
- Marburg Virus Disease/prevention & control
- Marburgvirus/immunology
- Marburgvirus/isolation & purification
- Marburgvirus/pathogenicity
- RNA Virus Infections/diagnosis
- RNA Virus Infections/immunology
- RNA Virus Infections/prevention & control
- RNA Viruses/immunology
- RNA Viruses/isolation & purification
- RNA Viruses/pathogenicity
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Rift Valley Fever/diagnosis
- Rift Valley Fever/immunology
- Rift Valley Fever/prevention & control
- Rift Valley fever virus/immunology
- Rift Valley fever virus/isolation & purification
- Rift Valley fever virus/pathogenicity
- Severe Dengue/diagnosis
- Severe Dengue/immunology
- Severe Dengue/prevention & control
- Vaccines/standards
- World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mattiuzzo
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Emma M Bentley
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Mark Page
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
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14
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Woolsey C, Geisbert JB, Matassov D, Agans KN, Borisevich V, Cross RW, Deer DJ, Fenton KA, Eldridge JH, Mire CE, Geisbert TW. Postexposure Efficacy of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors Against High and Low Doses of Marburg Virus Variant Angola in Nonhuman Primates. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:S582-S587. [PMID: 29939296 PMCID: PMC6249565 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) expressing the Marburg virus (MARV) Musoke variant glycoprotein fully protects macaques against 2 MARV variants and Ravn virus as a preventive vaccine and MARV variant Musoke as a postexposure treatment. To evaluate postexposure efficacy against the most pathogenic MARV variant, Angola, we engineered rVSVs expressing homologous Angola glycoprotein. Macaques were challenged with high or low doses of variant Angola and treated 20-30 minutes after exposure. A total of 25% and 60%-75% of treated macaques survived the high-dose and low-dose challenges, respectively. The more rapid disease progression of variant Angola versus variant Musoke may account for the incomplete protection observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Woolsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Demetrius Matassov
- Department of Virology and Vaccine Vectors, Profectus BioSciences, Pearl River, New York
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - John H Eldridge
- Department of Virology and Vaccine Vectors, Profectus BioSciences, Pearl River, New York
- Department of Immunology, Profectus BioSciences, Pearl River, New York
| | - Chad E Mire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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15
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Brett-Major D, Lawler J. Catching Chances: The Movement to Be on the Ground and Research Ready before an Outbreak. Viruses 2018; 10:E439. [PMID: 30126221 PMCID: PMC6116208 DOI: 10.3390/v10080439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than 28,000 Ebola virus disease cases and at least 11,000 deaths in West Africa during the 2014⁻2016 epidemic, the world remains without a licensed vaccine or therapeutic broadly available and demonstrated to alleviate suffering. This deficiency has been felt acutely in the two, short, following years with two Ebola virus outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and a Marburg virus outbreak in Uganda. Despite billions of U.S. dollars invested in developing medical countermeasures for filoviruses in the antecedent decades, resulting in an array of preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic products, none are available on commercial shelves. This paper explores why just-in-time research efforts in the field during the West Africa epidemic failed, as well as some recent initiatives to prevent similarly lost opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brett-Major
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - James Lawler
- Global Center for Health Security, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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16
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Judson SD, LeBreton M, Fuller T, Hoffman RM, Njabo K, Brewer TF, Dibongue E, Diffo J, Kameni JMF, Loul S, Nchinda GW, Njouom R, Nwobegahay J, Takuo JM, Torimiro JN, Wade A, Smith TB. Translating Predictions of Zoonotic Viruses for Policymakers. Ecohealth 2018; 15:52-62. [PMID: 29230614 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease and Zika virus disease highlight the need for disseminating accurate predictions of emerging zoonotic viruses to national governments for disease surveillance and response. Although there are published maps for many emerging zoonotic viruses, it is unknown if there is agreement among different models or if they are concordant with national expert opinion. Therefore, we reviewed existing predictions for five high priority emerging zoonotic viruses with national experts in Cameroon to investigate these issues and determine how to make predictions more useful for national policymakers. Predictive maps relied primarily on environmental parameters and species distribution models. Rift Valley fever virus and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus predictions differed from national expert opinion, potentially because of local livestock movements. Our findings reveal that involving national experts could elicit additional data to improve predictions of emerging pathogens as well as help repackage predictions for policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Judson
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | | | | | - Risa M Hoffman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Njabo
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy F Brewer
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | | | - Jean-Marc Feussom Kameni
- Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Epidemiology-Public Health-Veterinary Association (ESPV), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Severin Loul
- Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Godwin W Nchinda
- The Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on the Prevention and Management of HIV/AIDS (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Judith N Torimiro
- The Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on the Prevention and Management of HIV/AIDS (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Abel Wade
- National Veterinary Laboratory (LANAVET) Annex, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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17
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Nyakarahuka L, Ojwang J, Tumusiime A, Balinandi S, Whitmer S, Kyazze S, Kasozi S, Wetaka M, Makumbi I, Dahlke M, Borchert J, Lutwama J, Ströher U, Rollin PE, Nichol ST, Shoemaker TR. Isolated Case of Marburg Virus Disease, Kampala, Uganda, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:1001-1004. [PMID: 28518032 PMCID: PMC5443453 DOI: 10.3201/eid2306.170047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In September 2014, a single fatal case of Marburg virus was identified in a healthcare worker in Kampala, Uganda. The source of infection was not identified, and no secondary cases were identified. We describe the rapid identification, laboratory diagnosis, and case investigation of the third Marburg virus outbreak in Uganda.
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18
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Callendret B, Vellinga J, Wunderlich K, Rodriguez A, Steigerwald R, Dirmeier U, Cheminay C, Volkmann A, Brasel T, Carrion R, Giavedoni LD, Patterson JL, Mire CE, Geisbert TW, Hooper JW, Weijtens M, Hartkoorn-Pasma J, Custers J, Grazia Pau M, Schuitemaker H, Zahn R. A prophylactic multivalent vaccine against different filovirus species is immunogenic and provides protection from lethal infections with Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus species in non-human primates. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192312. [PMID: 29462200 PMCID: PMC5819775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for a universal filovirus vaccine that provides protection against multiple filovirus species has been prompted by sporadic but highly lethal outbreaks of Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus infections. A good prophylactic vaccine should be able to provide protection to all known filovirus species and as an upside potentially protect from newly emerging virus strains. We investigated the immunogenicity and protection elicited by multivalent vaccines expressing glycoproteins (GP) from Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV) and Marburg virus (MARV). Immune responses against filovirus GP have been associated with protection from disease. The GP antigens were expressed by adenovirus serotypes 26 and 35 (Ad26 and Ad35) and modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors, all selected for their strong immunogenicity and good safety profile. Using fully lethal NHP intramuscular challenge models, we assessed different vaccination regimens for immunogenicity and protection from filovirus disease. Heterologous multivalent Ad26-Ad35 prime-boost vaccination regimens could give full protection against MARV (range 75%-100% protection) and EBOV (range 50% to 100%) challenge, and partial protection (75%) against SUDV challenge. Heterologous multivalent Ad26-MVA prime-boost immunization gave full protection against EBOV challenge in a small cohort study. The use of such multivalent vaccines did not show overt immune interference in comparison with monovalent vaccines. Multivalent vaccines induced GP-specific antibody responses and cellular IFNγ responses to each GP expressed by the vaccine, and cross-reactivity to TAFV GP was detected in a trivalent vaccine expressing GP from EBOV, SUDV and MARV. In the EBOV challenge studies, higher humoral EBOV GP-specific immune responses (p = 0.0004) were associated with survival from EBOV challenge and less so for cellular immune responses (p = 0.0320). These results demonstrate that it is feasible to generate a multivalent filovirus vaccine that can protect against lethal infection by multiple members of the filovirus family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jort Vellinga
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Trevor Brasel
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luis D. Giavedoni
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jean L. Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chad E. Mire
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jay W. Hooper
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mo Weijtens
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
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19
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20
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Abstract
The filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV), and Marburg virus (MARV), are among the most pathogenic viruses known to man and the causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Africa with case fatality rates of up to 90%. Nearly 30,000 infections were observed in the latest EBOV epidemic in West Africa; previous outbreaks were much smaller, typically only affecting less than a few hundred people. Compared to other diseases such as AIDS or Malaria with millions of cases annually, filovirus hemorrhagic fever (FHF) is one of the neglected infectious diseases. There are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics available to treat EBOV and MARV infections; therefore, these pathogens can only be handled in maximum containment laboratories and are classified as select agents. Under these limitations, a very few laboratories worldwide conducted basic research and countermeasure development for EBOV and MARV since their respective discoveries in 1967 (MARV) and 1976 (EBOV). In this review, we discuss several vaccine platforms against EBOV and MARV, which have been assessed for their protective efficacy in animal models of FHF. The focus is on the most promising approaches, which were accelerated in clinical development (phase I-III trials) during the EBOV epidemic in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Reynolds
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND On December 8th, 2015, World Health Organization published a priority list of eight pathogens expected to cause severe outbreaks in the near future. To better understand global research trends and characteristics of publications on these emerging pathogens, we carried out this bibliometric study hoping to contribute to global awareness and preparedness toward this topic. METHOD Scopus database was searched for the following pathogens/infectious diseases: Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Rift valley, Crimean-Congo, Nipah, Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Severe Respiratory Acute Syndrome (SARS). Retrieved articles were analyzed to obtain standard bibliometric indicators. RESULTS A total of 8619 journal articles were retrieved. Authors from 154 different countries contributed to publishing these articles. Two peaks of publications, an early one for SARS and a late one for Ebola, were observed. Retrieved articles received a total of 221,606 citations with a mean ± standard deviation of 25.7 ± 65.4 citations per article and an h-index of 173. International collaboration was as high as 86.9%. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had the highest share (344; 5.0%) followed by the University of Hong Kong with 305 (4.5%). The top leading journal was Journal of Virology with 572 (6.6%) articles while Feldmann, Heinz R. was the most productive researcher with 197 (2.3%) articles. China ranked first on SARS, Turkey ranked first on Crimean-Congo fever, while the United States of America ranked first on the remaining six diseases. Of retrieved articles, 472 (5.5%) were on vaccine - related research with Ebola vaccine being most studied. CONCLUSION Number of publications on studied pathogens showed sudden dramatic rise in the past two decades representing severe global outbreaks. Contribution of a large number of different countries and the relatively high h-index are indicative of how international collaboration can create common health agenda among distant different countries.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bibliometrics/history
- Communicable Diseases/epidemiology
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/complications
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/epidemiology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/complications
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Lassa Fever/complications
- Lassa Fever/epidemiology
- Lassa Fever/prevention & control
- Marburg Virus Disease/complications
- Marburg Virus Disease/epidemiology
- Marburg Virus Disease/prevention & control
- Nipah Virus/pathogenicity
- Research/statistics & numerical data
- Research/trends
- Rift Valley Fever/complications
- Rift Valley Fever/epidemiology
- Rift Valley Fever/prevention & control
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/complications
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- World Health Organization/organization & administration
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Sweileh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology/Toxicology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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22
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Dye JM, Warfield KL, Wells JB, Unfer RC, Shulenin S, Vu H, Nichols DK, Aman MJ, Bavari S. Virus-Like Particle Vaccination Protects Nonhuman Primates from Lethal Aerosol Exposure with Marburgvirus (VLP Vaccination Protects Macaques against Aerosol Challenges). Viruses 2016; 8:94. [PMID: 27070636 PMCID: PMC4848589 DOI: 10.3390/v8040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) was the first filovirus to be identified following an outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever disease in Marburg, Germany in 1967. Due to several factors inherent to filoviruses, they are considered a potential bioweapon that could be disseminated via an aerosol route. Previous studies demonstrated that MARV virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the glycoprotein (GP), matrix protein VP40 and nucleoprotein (NP) generated using a baculovirus/insect cell expression system could protect macaques from subcutaneous (SQ) challenge with multiple species of marburgviruses. In the current study, the protective efficacy of the MARV VLPs in conjunction with two different adjuvants: QS-21, a saponin derivative, and poly I:C against homologous aerosol challenge was assessed in cynomolgus macaques. Antibody responses against the GP antigen were equivalent in all groups receiving MARV VLPs irrespective of the adjuvant; adjuvant only-vaccinated macaques did not demonstrate appreciable antibody responses. All macaques were subsequently challenged with lethal doses of MARV via aerosol or SQ as a positive control. All MARV VLP-vaccinated macaques survived either aerosol or SQ challenge while animals administered adjuvant only exhibited clinical signs and lesions consistent with MARV disease and were euthanized after meeting the predetermined criteria. Therefore, MARV VLPs induce IgG antibodies recognizing MARV GP and VP40 and protect cynomolgus macaques from an otherwise lethal aerosol exposure with MARV.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | - Jay B Wells
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Robert C Unfer
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Sergey Shulenin
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Hong Vu
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Donald K Nichols
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
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Amman BR, Nyakarahuka L, McElroy AK, Dodd KA, Sealy TK, Schuh AJ, Shoemaker TR, Balinandi S, Atimnedi P, Kaboyo W, Nichol ST, Towner JS. Marburgvirus resurgence in Kitaka Mine bat population after extermination attempts, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1761-4. [PMID: 25272104 PMCID: PMC4193183 DOI: 10.3201/eid2010.140696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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24
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Bray
- NIAID/NIH, Biodefense Clinical Research Branch, 6700A Rockledge Drive, Room 5128, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Marburg hemorrhagic fever is rare yet among the most severe diseases affecting humans, with case fatality ratio even higher than 80%. By analyzing the largest documented Marburg hemorrhagic fever epidemic, which occurred in Angola in 2005 and caused 329 deaths, and data on viral load over time in non-human primates, we make an assessment of transmissibility and severity of the disease. We also give insight into the control of new Marburg hemorrhagic fever epidemics to inform appropriate health responses. We estimated the distribution of the generation time to have mean 9 days (95%CI: 8.2–10 days) and standard deviation 5.4 days (95%CI: 3.9–8.6 days), and the basic reproduction number to be = 1.59 (95%CI: 1.53–1.66). Model simulations suggest that a timely isolation of cases, starting no later than 2–3 days after symptoms onset, is sufficient to contain an outbreak. Our analysis reveals that Marburg hemorrhagic fever is characterized by a relatively small reproduction number and by a relatively long generation time. Such factors, along with the extremely high severity and fatality, support the rare occurrence of large epidemics in human populations. Our results also support the effectiveness of social distancing measures - case isolation in particular - to contain or at least to mitigate an emerging outbreak. This work represents an advance in the knowledge required to manage a potential Marburg hemorrhagic fever epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ajelli
- Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- * E-mail:
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27
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Outbreak news. Marburg haemorrhagic fever, Uganda. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2012; 87:414. [PMID: 23113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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29
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Abstract
Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) and Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF) are rare viral
diseases, endemic to central Africa. The overall burden of EHF and MHF is small
in comparison to the more common protozoan, helminth, and bacterial diseases
typically referred to as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). However, EHF and
MHF outbreaks typically occur in resource-limited settings, and many aspects of
these outbreaks are a direct consequence of impoverished conditions. We will
discuss aspects of EHF and MHF disease, in comparison to the
“classic” NTDs, and examine potential ways forward in the prevention
and control of EHF and MHF in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as examine the
potential for application of novel vaccines or antiviral drugs for prevention or
control of EHF and MHF among populations at highest risk for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam MacNeil
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Grant-Klein RJ, Altamura LA, Schmaljohn CS. Progress in recombinant DNA-derived vaccines for Lassa virus and filoviruses. Virus Res 2011; 162:148-61. [PMID: 21925552 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Developing vaccines for highly pathogenic viruses such as those causing Lassa, Ebola, and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers is a daunting task due to both scientific and logistical constraints. Scientific hurdles to overcome include poorly defined relationships between pathogenicity and protective immune responses, genetic diversity of viruses, and safety in a target population that includes a large number of individuals with compromised immune systems. Logistical obstacles include the requirement for biosafety level-4 containment to study the authentic viruses, the poor public health infrastructure of the endemic disease areas, and the cost of developing these vaccines for use in non-lucrative markets. Recombinant DNA-based vaccine approaches offer promise of overcoming some of these issues. In this review, we consider the status of various recombinant DNA candidate vaccines against Lassa virus and filoviruses which have been tested in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Grant-Klein
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
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31
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Leroy E, Baize S, Gonzalez JP. [Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever viruses: update on filoviruses]. Med Trop (Mars) 2011; 71:111-121. [PMID: 21695865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Ebola and Marburg viruses are the sole members of the Filoviridae family of viruses. They are characterized by a long filamentous form that is unique in the viral world. Filoviruses are among the most virulent pathogens currently known to infect humans. They cause fulminating disease characterized by acute fever followed by generalized hemorrhagic syndrome that is associated with 90% mortality in the most severe forms. Epidemic outbreaks of Marburg and Ebola viruses have taken a heavy toll on human life in Central Africa and devastated large ape populations in Gabon and Republic of Congo. Since their discovery in 1967 (Marburg) and 1976 (Ebola), more than 2,300 cases and 1,670 deaths have been reported. These numbers pale in comparison with the burden caused by malnutrition or other infectious disease scourges in Africa such as malaria, cholera, AIDS, dengue or tuberculosis. However, due to their extremely high lethality, association with multifocal hemorrhaging and specificity to the African continent, these hemorrhagic fever viruses have given rise to great interest on the part not only of the international scientific community but also of the general public because of their perceived potential as biological weapons. Much research has been performed on these viruses and major progress has been made in knowledge of their ecology, epidemiology and physiopathology and in development of vaccine candidates and therapeutic schemes. The purpose of this review is to present the main developments in these particular fields in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.
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Abstract
For more than 30 years the filoviruses, Marburg virus and Ebola virus, have been associated with periodic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever that produce severe and often fatal disease. The filoviruses are endemic primarily in resource-poor regions in Central Africa and are also potential agents of bioterrorism. Although no vaccines or antiviral drugs for Marburg or Ebola are currently available, remarkable progress has been made over the last decade in developing candidate preventive vaccines against filoviruses in nonhuman primate models. Due to the generally remote locations of filovirus outbreaks, a single-injection vaccine is desirable. Among the prospective vaccines that have shown efficacy in nonhuman primate models of filoviral hemorrhagic fever, two candidates, one based on a replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5 and the other on a recombinant VSV (rVSV), were shown to provide complete protection to nonhuman primates when administered as a single injection. The rVSV-based vaccine has also shown utility when administered for postexposure prophylaxis against filovirus infections. A VSV-based Ebola vaccine was recently used to manage a potential laboratory exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory1 and Department of Microbiology and Immunology2, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA.
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Borisevich IV, Potryvaeva NV, Mel'nikov SA, Evseev AA, Krasnianskiĭ VP, Maksimov VA. [Design of equine serum-based Marburg virus immunoglobulin]. Vopr Virusol 2008; 53:39-41. [PMID: 18318136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) against Marburg fever (MF) has been obtained from the equine serum. In terms of physicochemical and immunobiological properties, the obtained preparation corresponds to the quality of heterologous commercial immunoglobulins. The application of Marburg virus (MV) Ig with a titer of no less than 1:2048 by the emergency prevention scheme 1-2 hours after intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea pigs with MV in a dose of 20-50 LD50 protected 88-100% of the animals from death. MV Ig is recommended for emergency prevention of human MF.
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Abstract
Marburg (MARV) and Ebola viruses (EBOV) emerged from the rainforests of Central Africa more than 30 years ago causing outbreaks of severe and, usually, fatal hemorrhagic fever. EBOV has garnered the lion's share of the attention, fueled by the higher frequency of EBOV outbreaks, high mortality rates and importation into the USA, documented in such popular works as the best-selling novel 'The Hot Zone'. However, recent large outbreaks of hundreds of cases of MARV infection in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola with case fatalities approaching 90% dramatically highlight its lethal potential. Although no vaccines or antiviral drugs for MARV are currently available, remarkable progress has been made over the last few years in developing potential countermeasures against MARV in nonhuman primate models. In particular, a vaccine based on attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus was recently shown to have both preventive and postexposure efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Bausch
- Department of Tropical Medicine, SL-17, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Abstract
Vaccines that could protect humans against the highly lethal Marburg and Ebola viruses have eluded scientists for decades. Classical approaches have been generally unsuccessful for Marburg and Ebola viruses and pose enormous safety concerns as well. Modern approaches, in particular those using vector-based approaches have met with success in nonhuman primate models although success against Ebola has been more difficult to achieve than Marburg. Despite these successes, more work remains to be done. For the vector-based vaccines, safety in humans and potency in the face of pre-existing anti-vector immunity may be critical thresholds for licensure. The immunological mechanism(s) by which these vaccines protect has not yet been convincingly determined. Licensure of these vaccines for natural outbreaks may be possible through clinical trials although this will be very difficult; licensure may also be possible by pivotal efficacy studies in animal models with an appropriate challenge. Nevertheless, nonhuman primate studies have shown that protection against Marburg and Ebola is possible and there is hope that one day a vaccine will be licensed for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Reed
- Center for Aerobiological Sciences, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
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Abstract
Ebola and Marburg viruses are the causative agents of rapidly progressive hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality rates. Pre- or post-exposure treatments against the diseases are currently not available for human use. In the field, establishment of strict quarantine measures preventing further virus transmission are still the only way to fight the infections. However, our knowledge of Ebola and Marburg viruses has markedly increased as a result of two recent discoveries discussed in this review. Chandran et al. have elucidated the mechanism by which Ebola GP is converted to a fusion-active form. Infectivity of Ebola virus was shown to be dependent on the cleavage of GP by cellular endosomal proteases, cathepsin B and L, thus opening new therapeutic approaches options. As for Jones SM et al., they have successfully vaccinated monkeys with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Ebola or Marburg virus surface glycoprotein GP, a promising vaccine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Alazard-Dany
- Laboratoire des Filovirus, Inserm U758, ENS Lyon, IFR 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
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Wang D, Hevey M, Juompan LY, Trubey CM, Raja NU, Deitz SB, Woraratanadharm J, Luo M, Yu H, Swain BM, Moore KM, Dong JY. Complex adenovirus-vectored vaccine protects guinea pigs from three strains of Marburg virus challenges. Virology 2006; 353:324-32. [PMID: 16820184 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Marburg virus (MARV), an African filovirus closely related to the Ebola virus, causes a deadly hemorrhagic fever in humans, with up to 90% mortality. Currently, treatment of disease is only supportive, and no vaccines are available to prevent spread of MARV infections. In order to address this need, we have developed and characterized a novel recombinant vaccine that utilizes a single complex adenovirus-vectored vaccine (cAdVax) to overexpress a MARV glycoprotein (GP) fusion protein derived from the Musoke and Ci67 strains of MARV. Vaccination with the cAdVaxM(fus) vaccine led to efficient production of MARV-specific antibodies in both mice and guinea pigs. Significantly, guinea pigs vaccinated with at least 5 x 10(7) pfu of cAdVaxM(fus) vaccine were 100% protected against lethal challenges by the Musoke, Ci67 and Ravn strains of MARV, making it a vaccine with trivalent protective efficacy. Therefore, the cAdVaxM(fus) vaccine serves as a promising vaccine candidate to prevent and contain multi-strain infections by MARV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danher Wang
- Division of Bio-defense Vaccines, GenPhar Inc., 871 Lowcountry Blvd., Mount Pleasant, SC 29464, USA
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38
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Hampton T. Marburg vaccine shows promise: offers postexposure protection in monkeys. JAMA 2006; 295:2346. [PMID: 16720816 DOI: 10.1001/jama.295.20.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Daddario-DiCaprio KM, Geisbert TW, Ströher U, Geisbert JB, Grolla A, Fritz EA, Fernando L, Kagan E, Jahrling PB, Hensley LE, Jones SM, Feldmann H. Postexposure protection against Marburg haemorrhagic fever with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors in non-human primates: an efficacy assessment. Lancet 2006; 367:1399-404. [PMID: 16650649 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective countermeasures are urgently needed to prevent and treat infections caused by highly pathogenic and biological threat agents such as Marburg virus (MARV). We aimed to test the efficacy of a replication-competent vaccine based on attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV), as a postexposure treatment for MARV haemorrhagic fever. METHODS We used a rhesus macaque model of MARV haemorrhagic fever that produced 100% lethality. We administered rVSV vectors expressing the MARV Musoke strain glycoprotein to five macaques 20-30 min after a high-dose lethal injection of homologous MARV. Three animals were MARV-positive controls and received non-specific rVSV vectors. We tested for viraemia, undertook analyses for haematology and serum biochemistry, and measured humoral and cellular immune responses. FINDINGS All five rhesus monkeys that were treated with the rVSV MARV vectors as a postexposure treatment survived a high-dose lethal challenge of MARV for at least 80 days. None of these five animals developed clinical symptoms consistent with MARV haemorrhagic fever. All the control animals developed fulminant disease and succumbed to the MARV challenge by day 12. MARV disease in the controls was indicated by: high titres of MARV (10(3)-10(5) plaque-forming units per mL); development of leucocytosis with concurrent neutrophilia at end-stage disease; and possible damage to the liver, kidney, and pancreas. INTERPRETATION Postexposure protection against MARV in non-human primates provides a paradigm for the treatment of MARV haemorrhagic fever. Indeed, these data suggest that rVSV-based filoviral vaccines might not only have potential as preventive vaccines, but also could be equally useful for postexposure treatment of filoviral infections.
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Smetana J, Chlíbek R, Vacková M. [Outbreak of Marburg hemorrhagic fever in Angola]. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2006; 55:63-7. [PMID: 16617843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare acute viral fever illness with a serious clinical course often leading to a fatal outcome. The lethality rate ranges between 25 and 80 %. Both the virus reservoir and mode of transmission to humans are unknown. Close contact with body fluids of infected persons is prerequisite for secondary human to human transmission. Seriousness of the infection is underlined by the unavailability of specific treatment and vaccination. The outbreak in Angola in 2004-2005 accounted for the highest prevalence of the disease recorded to date. As many as 374 cases were reported by August 23, 2005, 329 of these were fatal; the lethality rate was 88%. In comparison with the previous outbreaks, the afflicted area is unusually vast, includes populated zones, and intensive secondary transmission is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smetana
- Katedra epidemiologie Fakulty vojenského zdravotnictví Univerzity obrany, Hradec Králové.
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42
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Leader A, Snyder A. Essays in public health and preventive medicine. History and health care in Angola. Mt Sinai J Med 2006; 73:567-8. [PMID: 16685818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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43
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Geisbert TW. Emerging viruses: advances and challenges. Curr Mol Med 2005; 5:733-4. [PMID: 16375708 DOI: 10.2174/156652405774962290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang D, Schmaljohn AL, Raja NU, Trubey CM, Juompan LY, Luo M, Deitz SB, Yu H, Woraratanadharm J, Holman DH, Moore KM, Swain BM, Pratt WD, Dong JY. De novo syntheses of Marburg virus antigens from adenovirus vectors induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses. Vaccine 2005; 24:2975-86. [PMID: 16530297 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) is an African filovirus that causes a deadly hemorrhagic fever in humans, with up to 90% mortality. Currently, there are no MARV vaccines or therapies approved for human use. We hypothesized that developing a vaccine that induces a de novo synthesis of MARV antigens in vivo will lead to strong induction of both a humoral and cell-mediated immune response against MARV. Here, we develop and characterize three novel gene-based vaccine candidates which express the viral glycoprotein (GP) from either the Ci67, Ravn or Musoke strain of MARV. Immunization of mice with complex adenovirus (Ad)-based vaccine candidates (cAdVax vaccines), led to efficient production of both antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific to Musoke strain GP and Ci67 strain GP, respectively. Antibody responses were also shown to be cross-reactive across the MARV strains, but not cross-reactive to Ebola virus, a related filovirus. Additionally, three 1 x 10(8)pfu doses of vaccine vector were demonstrated to be safe in mice, as this did not lead to any detectable toxicity in liver or spleen. These promising results indicate that a cAdVax-based vaccine could be effective for induction of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to multiple strains of the Marburg virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danher Wang
- Division of Biodefense Vaccines, GenPhar Inc., 871 Lowcountry Blvd., Mount Pleasant, SC 29464, USA
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Abstract
Ebola and Marburg viruses, family Filoviridae, are among the best known examples of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Although outbreaks have been sporadic and geographically restricted to areas of Central Africa, the hemorrhagic fevers caused by these viruses are remarkably severe and are associated with high case fatality rates often exceeding 80 percent. In addition to humans, these viruses have decimated populations of wild apes in Central Africa. Currently, there are no vaccines or effective therapies available for human use. Progress in understanding the geneses of the pathophysiological changes that make filoviral infections of humans so destructive has been slow, primarily because these viruses require special containment for safe research. However, an increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of filoviral pathogenesis, facilitated by the development of new tools to elucidate critical regulatory elements in the viral life cycle, is providing new targets that can be exploited for therapeutic interventions. In addition, substantial progress has been made in developing recombinant vaccines against these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Hensley
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA
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46
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Harboe ZB, Qureshi KM, Skinhøj P, Heegaard ED. [Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Angola, 2005]. Ugeskr Laeger 2005; 167:4087-90. [PMID: 16251096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The current outbreak of Marburg haemorrhagic fever (MHF) in Angola is the largest recorded to date. The article provides an overview of MHF, including historical and clinical aspects, and summarises the status of the present outbreak. Until now, the main components of the public health response in Angola have been effective diagnosis and isolation of patients and contacts, and implementation of hygiene procedures by health workers at local health facilities. Involvement of the local community still constitutes the main challenge for successful control of MHF in Angola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitta Barrella Harboe
- Statens Serum Institut, Sektor for Epidemiologi, Center for Biologisk Beredskab og Epidemiologisk Afdeling, og H:S Rigshospitalet, Finsencenteret, Epidemiklinikken, DK-2330 København S.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Peters
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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