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Pal AK, Pahwa HS. Comment to "A comparative study between open pre-peritoneal approach versus laparoscopic trans-abdominal pre-peritoneal approach in recurrent inguinal hernia repair: a prospective cohort study". Hernia 2024:10.1007/s10029-024-02998-x. [PMID: 38427112 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-024-02998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Pal
- Department of General Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - H S Pahwa
- Department of General Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Uddin MA, Taher MA, Jalal MT, Pal AK, Siddiquee MA, Hyder CS, Rashid MHO, Saha KP, Kollol FF, Fatema MB, Siddique MSU, Sheikh MSH. Oncological Clearance Following Resection of the Carcinoma Rectum: A Comparison between Laparoscopic and Open Anterior Resection. Mymensingh Med J 2024; 33:72-79. [PMID: 38163776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Till the day the rectal cancer deaths in the world is in eighth position. For rectal cancer surgery, short-term benefits are expected to be similar for laparoscopic resection of rectum (LRR) and open resection of rectum (ORR). In Bangladesh though the rectal cancer is the sixteenth most common cause of cancer deaths, there is lack of data regarding outcomes of laparoscopic and open surgical approaches for carcinoma rectum. Purpose of study was to compare oncopathological outcomes by quality of surgical resection between LRR and ORR groups. The quasi experimental study was conducted among 46 subjects who attended in the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh from July 2020 to June 2021 with rectal adenocarcinoma within 15cm from the anal verge. Equal number of subjects were allocated for LRR and ORR group. Oncopathological end points such as circumferential resection margin (CRM), distal resection margin (DRM), lymph nodes and quality of mesorectal excision were assessed and compared. Here every patients have given their written consent for this study. Mean age of the subjects for LRR and ORR were 45.47±12.66 and 44.47±12.48 years respectively. Majority of the subjects were in age above 40 years (67.0%). The proportion of male (56.5%) were higher than those of female (43.5%). The complete resection was better in LRR (91.3%) than ORR (87.0%) group though statistically not significant. CRM was lower in LRR (0.0%) than ORR (13.0%) group in respect of frequency distribution. DRM was negative for both LRR and ORR group (95.7% each) and it was not statistically significant. ORR met the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria of harvesting 12 lymph nodes were as in LRR group 10 lymph nodes were harvested. The mean harvested lymph nodes were 12.2±5.55 and 10.1±5.55 in LRR and ORR group respectively. The study demonstrated that LRR is better (though statistically not significant) in respect of complete resection and CRM while in harvesting lymph nodes, ORR met the NCCN criteria but LRR does not. There is no difference observed regarding DRM in both groups. On oncopathological point of view both the group showed almost equally effective results. Laparoscopic surgery can be opted as the standard operative technique for surgical management of rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Uddin
- Dr Mohammad Azim Uddin, Junior Consultant (Surgery), Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Pal AK. Comment to "Diagnostic performance of CT with Valsalva maneuver for the diagnosis and characterization of inguinal hernias". Hernia 2023; 27:1333. [PMID: 37606865 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Pal
- Department of Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P, India.
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Kalra S, Hota S, Kumar Pal A, Dorairajan LN, Kodakkattil Sreenivasan S, Narkhede V. Is a Mesh Really a Mess: A Self-Tailored Polypropylene Mesh as a Retropubic Tension-Free Vaginal Tape Under Local Anesthesia in a Tertiary Healthcare Center Experience in India. Cureus 2023; 15:e43957. [PMID: 37746427 PMCID: PMC10516445 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of performing retropubic mid-urethral transvaginal tape (TVT) with self-tailored ordinary polypropylene mesh (STOM) under sedation and local anesthesia in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The second objective was to evaluate perioperative and immediate postoperative complications, success rates, and cost-effectivity. Materials and methods Forty-two subjects treated for stress urinary incontinence using STOM under local anesthesia were reviewed. Pre- and postoperative evaluation included assessment of valid questionnaires such as the urogenital distress inventory (UDI) and medical, epidemiologic, and social aspects of aging incontinence questionnaire (MESA), uroflowmetry in all cases, and urodynamics in some instances. Success rates and complications were compared with published studies. Results The mean operating time was 27 mins, and the median visual analog scale (VAS) score at 12 hours was three. Postoperative MESA and UDI scores had significant improvement. The mean hospital stay was 18 hours. Mean preoperative and postoperative Q max had no significant difference. With a mean follow-up of 27.32±3.29 months, the cure was seen in 38 patients (90.4%), improvement in three patients (0.07%), and failure in one patient (0.02%). Mesh-related complications (extrusion) occurred in one patient. The sling cost was reduced from approximately $500 (Gynecare TVT sling; Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA) to $12.44 (Ethicon 15 x 7.6 cm Prolene (polypropylene mesh); Ethicon Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA) in our study. Conclusion Performing TVT with STOM under sedation and local anesthesia as a daycare procedure was feasible and cost-effective, has a high success rate, and was associated with minimal complications. It should be considered in developing countries with vast patient burdens, such as India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Kalra
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | - Sovan Hota
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | - Atanu Kumar Pal
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | - Lalgudi N Dorairajan
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | | | - Vishal Narkhede
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
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Kushwaha SS, Kalra S, Sreerag KS, Dorairajan LN, Pal AK, Ali M, Purushothaman J. Bladder-first approach for robot-assisted completely intracorporeal ileal ureter replacement for long-segment ureteral defects: video-based illustration. Cent European J Urol 2023; 76:269. [PMID: 38045777 PMCID: PMC10690378 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2023.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Singh Kushwaha
- Department of Urology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sidhartha Kalra
- Department of Urology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Atanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Urology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Mujahid Ali
- Department of Urology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Jithesh Purushothaman
- Department of Urology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Pal AK, Kalra S, Sreenivasan SK, Dorairajan LN, Manikandan R, Sah SK. Management Outcomes of Large Renal Angiomyolipoma Presenting with Wunderlich Syndrome-Experience from a Tertiary Center. J Kidney Cancer VHL 2023; 10:21-28. [PMID: 37303946 PMCID: PMC10256953 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.v10i2.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal angiomyolipoma is an uncommon, benign-mixed mesenchymal tumor consisting of thick-walled blood vessels, smooth muscles, and mature adipose tissues. Twenty percent of these tumors are associated with tuberous sclerosis. Wunderlich syndrome (WS), an acute nontraumatic spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage, can be a presentation of large angiomyolipoma. This study evaluated the presentation, management, and complications of renal angiomyolipoma with WS in eight patients who presented to the emergency department between January 2019 and December 2021. The presenting symptoms included flank pain, palpable mass, hematuria, and bleeding in the perinephric space on computerized tomography. Demographic data, symptoms at presentation, comorbidities, hemodynamic parameters, the association with tuberous sclerosis, transfusion requirements, need for angioembolization, surgical management, Clavien-Dindo complication, duration of hospital stay, and 30-day readmission rates were evaluated. The mean age of presentation was 38 years. Of the eight patients, five (62.5%) were females and 3(37.5%) were males. Two (25%) patients had tuberous sclerosis with angiomyolipoma, and three (37.5%) patients presented with hypotension. The mean packed cell transfusion was three units, and the mean tumor size was 7.85 cm (3.5-25 cm). Three of them (37.5%) required emergency angioembolization to prevent exsanguination. Embolization was unsuccessful in one patient (33%) who underwent emergency open partial nephrectomy, and one (33%) patient developed post-embolization syndrome. A total of six patients underwent elective surgery-four underwent partial nephrectomy (laparoscopic - 1, robotic - 1, open - 2) and two underwent open nephrectomy. Three patients encountered Clavien-Dindo complications (Grade 1, n = 2 and IIIA, n = 2). WS is a rare, life-threatening complication in patients with large angiomyolipoma. Judicious optimization, angioembolization, and prompt surgical intervention will help deliver better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidhartha Kalra
- Author for correspondence: Sidhartha Kalra*, Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), An Institute of National Importance, Govt. of India, JIPMER Campus Road, Gorimedu, Puducherry 605006, India.
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Pal AK. Comment to "From transabdominal to totally extra-peritoneal robotic ventral hernia repair: observations and outcomes". Hernia 2023:10.1007/s10029-023-02805-z. [PMID: 37195478 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Pal
- Department of General Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Pal AK, Naredi BK, Manikandan R, Kalra S, Jindal B, Koya N. Recurrent Hemangioma of the Penile Urethra - An Unusual Etiology of Gross Hematuria Managed Successfully with Holmium Laser Coagulation. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2023; 28:62-65. [PMID: 36910291 PMCID: PMC9997577 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_96_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Urethral hemangioma is a benign uncommon vascular tumor. It presents with hematuria and macroscopic urethrorrhagia. Urethrocystoscopy is the main diagnostic modality. We share the case of a 14-year-old male child who presented with recurrent massive hematuria and was treated with urethra-cystoscopic holmium laser coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Urology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Puducherry, India
| | - Bikash Kumar Naredi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Puducherry, India
| | - Ramanitharan Manikandan
- Department of Urology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Puducherry, India
| | - Sidhartha Kalra
- Department of Urology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Puducherry, India
| | - Bibekanand Jindal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Puducherry, India
| | - Naseera Koya
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Puducherry, India
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Pal AK, Kalra S, Dorairajan LN, Sreenivasan SK, Manikandan R, Aggarwal D. Outcomes of bladder neck botulinum toxin injection for female primary bladder neck obstruction-does subjective improvement correlate with an objective assessment? Int Urogynecol J 2022; 34:1049-1054. [PMID: 35939098 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-022-05319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Common options for management of primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO) in women include medications and surgical treatment. Less invasive treatment such as bladder neck botulinum toxin injection can be an alternate therapy in patients with failed conservative management. In this study, we describe the subjective and objective outcomes, patient satisfaction, and willingness for repeat treatment with bladder neck botulinum toxin injection in females with PBNO. METHODS A retrospective analysis of ten female PBNO patients managed with bladder neck botulinum toxin injection was performed. Subjective parameters were quantified with symptom assessment, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and Quality of life (QoL) score. Objective parameters were assessed with maximum flow rate (Qmax) in uroflowmetry and postvoid residual (PVR). RESULTS The mean pre-treatment IPSS, QoL score, Qmax, PVR was 24.2 ± 5.0, 4.8 ± 0.63, 5.73 ± 3.18 ml/s, and 210 ± 66 ml, respectively. Seven of the ten patients subjectively improved (IPSS 12.9 ± 9.6, QoL2.9 ± 1.6, p < 0.05). Three patients improved objectively (mean Qmax 17.3 ± 2.7 ml/s, PVR 42.7 ± 7.5 ml, p < 0.05). Three patients accepted repeat botulinum toxin injection. Three patients who showed no improvement underwent bladder neck incision with resolution of symptoms. CONCLUSION Botulinum toxin can be an intermediary therapy in female patients with PBNO who want a minimally invasive procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), An Institute of National Importance, Govt. of India, Jipmer Campus Road, Gorimedu, Puducherry, 605006, Pondicherry, India
| | - Sidhartha Kalra
- Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), An Institute of National Importance, Govt. of India, Jipmer Campus Road, Gorimedu, Puducherry, 605006, Pondicherry, India.
| | - Lalgudi Narayanan Dorairajan
- Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), An Institute of National Importance, Govt. of India, Jipmer Campus Road, Gorimedu, Puducherry, 605006, Pondicherry, India
| | - Sreerag Kodakkattil Sreenivasan
- Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), An Institute of National Importance, Govt. of India, Jipmer Campus Road, Gorimedu, Puducherry, 605006, Pondicherry, India
| | - Ramanitharan Manikandan
- Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), An Institute of National Importance, Govt. of India, Jipmer Campus Road, Gorimedu, Puducherry, 605006, Pondicherry, India
| | - Deepanshu Aggarwal
- Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), An Institute of National Importance, Govt. of India, Jipmer Campus Road, Gorimedu, Puducherry, 605006, Pondicherry, India
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Gupta P, Kalra S, Dorairajan LN, Pal AK, Ks S, Manikandan R, Jagannath A. "Labia majora fasciocutaneous flap reconstruction in complex urogynecological fistulas with vaginal deficit - A versatile approach". Urology 2022; 167:241-246. [PMID: 35654273 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To appraise the pivotal points of different modifications of labia majora fasciocutaneous flap in combating the challenges of complex urogynecological fistula repair in the form of seven cases. METHODS Seven patients with complex urogynecological fistulas with vaginal deficit were treated over last three years. The challenges associated with them were non-capacious rigid vagina, irradiated and inflamed surrounding tissues, inelasticity, long-standing fistula with radiation-induced vesicovaginal fistula(VVF), an iatrogenic urethrovaginal fistula with anterior vaginal wall loss with vaginal stenosis, and a case of vesicolabial fistula with a history of forceps delivery and transvaginal VVF repair. Transvaginal repair with labia majora fasciocutaneous flap along with fat pad with relevant technical modifications was contemplated in all. RESULTS All radiation-induced VVF patients demonstrated no leak in the postoperative period barring one who became dry after transvaginal colpocleisis later. The patient with urethrovaginal fistula and vaginal stenosis was continent, had capacious vagina, and without any leak with regular menstrual periods. The female with vesicolabial fistula remained dry at the end of six-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Transvaginal repair using the labia majora fasciocutaneous flap and the demonstrated technical modifications can be a feasible option in repairing complex urogynaecological fistulas associated with vaginal wall deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praanjal Gupta
- Senior resident, Department of Urology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India, 605006.
| | - Sidhartha Kalra
- Associate Professor, Department of Urology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India, 605006.
| | | | - Atanu Kumar Pal
- Senior resident, Department of Urology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India, 605006.
| | - Sreerag Ks
- Associate Professor, Department of Urology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India, 605006.
| | | | - Avinash Jagannath
- Senior resident, Department of Urology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India, 605006.
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Kumar V, Kumar Pal A, Ks S, Manikandan R, Dorairajan LN, Kalra S, Kandasamy S, Khan M. Effect of Structured Educational Program on Practices of Radiation Safety Measures Among Health Care Providers in Urology Operation Theater. Cureus 2021; 13:e15765. [PMID: 34295578 PMCID: PMC8291469 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endourologists are at increased risk of exposure to radiations. Many studies are available that have studied awareness in doctors in general, but very few studies available regarding any intervention to improve the knowledge of radiation safety measures. We have made an attempt to study the role of an educational intervention to improve the knowledge of our Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) urology operation theater health care providers (HCPs). Materials and methods Our study was an Interventional study (prospective clinical trial), conducted in the Department of Urology, JIPMER from January 2017 to March 2018. All, that is, 40 operation theater HCPs were given a questionnaire as baseline. The baseline response was compared to the response after the Structured Education Program (SEP) by using the same questionnaire. The knowledge of participants before SEP was compared with the knowledge after SEP using the chi-square test. All statistical analysis was carried out at a 5% level of significance and p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Result In our study after SEP, participants use of lead apron has increased from 72.5% to 92.5%, indicating improvement. There is an increase in the use of thyroid shield from 22.5% to 95%. In our study after SEP, knowledge about background radiations improved in participants from 25% to 87.5%. Knowledge about Radiation dose of chest X-ray improved from 22.5% to 52.5%. Knowledge about ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) improved from 47.5% to 95% after SEP. Knowledge that MRI and USG do not have ionizing radiation improved from 62.5% to 97.5%, and from 75% to 92.5% for MRI and USG, respectively, after SEP. Regarding organ sensitivity, 100% HCPs had given correct answers after SEP as compared to 80 before SEP. Conclusion Our study shows that SEP at regular intervals has made significant improvements in daily practice in operation theater HCPs. SEP has increased the use of radiation protective gears among HCP. Hence we recommend SEP at regular intervals for urology operation theater HCPs for a healthy and safe working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | - Atanu Kumar Pal
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | - Sreerag Ks
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | - Ramanitharan Manikandan
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | - Lalgudi N Dorairajan
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | - Sidhartha Kalra
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | - Saravanan Kandasamy
- Medical Physics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
| | - Mujahid Khan
- Urology and Renal Transplantation, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, IND
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Pal AK, Dwivedi AD, Kumar A, Pahwa HS, Sonkar AA, Singh KK. Comment to "Endoscopic retromuscular technique (eTEP) vs conventional laparoscopic ventral or incisional hernia repair with defect closure (IPOM +) for midline hernias: a case-control study". Hernia 2021; 25:1105-1106. [PMID: 33866451 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-021-02412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Pal
- Department of Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India.
| | - A D Dwivedi
- Department of Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - H S Pahwa
- Department of Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - A A Sonkar
- Department of Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - K K Singh
- Department of Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
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Saha KP, Uddin MA, Haroon-Or-Rashid M, Fatema B, Ahsanullah MR, Chowdhury AR, Pal AK, Alam I, Jalal MT. Limberg Flap in Pilonidal Sinus: Experience in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:442-446. [PMID: 33830126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pilonidal sinus disease is a common anorectal condition usually seen in young adult patients. Various methods have been described over the years and there is ongoing debate regarding the ideal method. This study was conducted to evaluate the advantages, results of rhomboid excision and Limberg flap reconstruction in the management of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Surgery Unit-I of Department of Surgery, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh a tertiary care centre from July 2016 to November 2017. It includes 19 patients who were treated for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease by Limberg (Rhomboid) flap. All patients that underwent the procedure had good postoperative outcome with minimal postoperative discomfort and were discharged in 3-4 days. There were 3 cases with complications. Limberg flap coverage is very effective for pilonidal disease with low complication rates, reduced hospital stay, low recurrence rates, earlier healing and shorter time off-work. This technique can be easily mastered and used as an indispensable tool for treating sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Saha
- Dr Krishna Pada Saha, Phase B Resident, Colorectal Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Sazzad MF, Uddin MA, Imran MA, Ansary AM, Musa SA, Saha H, Rahman MM, Hoque MR, Islam MN, Sarkar S, Tanchangya G, Pal AK, Alam I, Ershad MS, Kamruzzaman M, Sultana S. Do It Better: Cross Mattress for Chest Drain Insertion Site Security Offers Quality Outcome in Chest Trauma Patients Required Tube Thoracostomy. Mymensingh Med J 2019; 28:200-205. [PMID: 30755570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We examined the hypothesis that the cross mattress for chest drain insertion site security is better than that of polypropylene horizontal mattress in chest trauma patient required tube thoracostomy at the Department of Casualty Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2016 to June 2016. Accordingly we prospectively studied 50 consecutive patients who needed chest tube insertion. In 25 consecutive cases chest drain insertion site was secured with polypropylene horizontal mattress technique (Control- Group A) and another 25 consecutive patients had a cross-mattress with non-absorbable suture materials (Experimental- Group B). All chest tubes were inserted into the triangle of safety to following the BTS guideline. A baseline x-ray chest was compared with post-procedure chest x-ray. Male preponderance and young adults were comprised in both the groups; mean age in Group A and Group B was 38.7±15.5 and 37.3±14.1 respectively. Haemo-pneumothorax was the most common cause of tube thoracostomy among the trauma victims. This study shows that, polypropylene horizontal mattress results in increased chest tube site infection 52% in Control Group vs. 12% in Experimental Group (p=0.002). Although there was similar incidence of blood loss between the groups, the length of Hospital stay was significantly higher in Control Group. We conclude that cross mattress for chest drain insertion site security showed a better clinical outcome, less wound complications and less hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Sazzad
- Dr Md Faizus Sazzad, Associate Consultant, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sideswipe injuries of elbow often poses significant functional loss resulting from devastating injuries involving osseoligamentous structures as well as multilevel soft tissue injuries around the elbow. Inspite of treatment, no conscientious treatment opinion is available in the literature to provide optimum functional outcome. The objective of this study is to evaluate the results of prosthetic replacement of old healed sideswipe injuries of elbow with gross dysfunctional disabilities resulting from loss of bones and muscles around the joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen patients of 2-3 years old healed sideswipe injuries of the elbow, treated by Baksi sloppy hinge (original version in seven and recent version in seven) prosthetic replacement were evaluated. All had normal neurovascular status except two; one having ulnar nerve deficit the other median nerve in another. The mean age was 42.7 years (range 32-61 years). RESULTS The average followup period was 13.5 years (range 5.11-23.11 years). Ten patients regained stable 0° to 130° elbow flexion, and four had restricted terminal flexion with arc 10°-115° following V-Y plasty of contracted triceps. Mean supination was 22° and mean pronation was 35°. According to Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), excellent results were in five (35.7%), good in six (42.8%), and fair in one (7.1%). Two patients (14.2%) needed removal of prosthesis due to intractable delayed infection and considered failure. Following removal, the resected elbow retained relatively stable motions due to mature fibrous tissues connecting the adjacent bone ends and reorientation of muscle balance. Postoperative improvement of MEPS (mean 84) was significant (P = 0.0037) compared to preoperative value (mean 41.7). Two patients had superficial wound infection and five aseptic loosening of which one was symptomatic. CONCLUSION Prosthetic replacement of elbow is an effective salvage procedure in old healed sideswipe injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debadyuti Baksi
- Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Medical College, Kishanganj, Bihar, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Debadyuti D Baksi, DA-3, Sector – I, Salt Lake City, Kolkata - 700 064, West Bengal, India. E-mail:
| | - A K Pal
- Department of Orthopaedics, IPGME and R, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - D P Baksi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Yengkokpam S, Debnath D, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Jain KK, Baruah K. Dietary protein enhances non-specific immunity, anti-oxidative capability and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings pre-exposed to short feed deprivation stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 59:439-446. [PMID: 27815199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Present experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary protein levels on growth, immunity and anti-oxidative status of Labeo rohita fingerlings during feed deprivation followed by refeeding. Fish (5.44 ± 0.10 g) were deprived of feed for 3 weeks and then re-fed to satiation for 5 weeks with one of the diets containing 25 (25P), 30 (30P), 35 (35P) or 40 (40P) percent crude protein (CP) level. In addition to these groups, a control group (C) was also maintained by feeding to satiation level twice daily with a diet containing 30% CP throughout the experimental period. At the end of 8-weeks' trial, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and survival was recorded for the next 7 days. Complete recovery of growth in terms of weight gain percentage was achieved in the fish fed 35 and 40% protein during refeeding. The body indices (condition factor and hepatosomatic index), haematological parameters and serum protein contents at the end of the experimental trial were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among different groups suggesting that the overall health of the fish was not compromised. However, respiratory burst activity and serum lysozyme activity were indicative of a better immune function in the higher protein fed groups (35P and 40P) than the lower protein groups (25P and 30P). Following challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, survival rate, blood monocyte%, respiratory burst activity, serum lysozyme activity, serum protein and globulin were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the 35P and 40P groups compared to the other groups. Further, fish fed lower dietary protein were not able to restore the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the liver. Conclusively, an improved disease resistance capability and immune status was observed in the fish fed a higher dietary protein (35-40%), even out-performing the daily-fed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Yengkokpam
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India.
| | - Dipesh Debnath
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - N P Sahu
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - A K Pal
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - K K Jain
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture &Artemia Reference Centre, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Pal AK, Sur S, Gupta AK. Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity and Its Association with Oxygen Therapy in Preterm Low Birth Weight Babies. J Nepal Paedtr Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v35i3.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The objectives of this study were to study the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm low birth weight babies and its association with oxygen therapy.Material and Methods: During one year study period, 50 neonates, who had fulfilled the inclusion criteria (born at gestational age ≤ 35 wks), were included in the present study. They were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy by an ophthalmologist in NICU or ophthalmology outdoor. Staging of ROP was done according to the International classification. Data obtained from this study were entered in Microsoft Excel and subsequently analysed in SPSS version 20.0.Results: Among study population, 12 neonates (24%) showed evidence of retinopathy of prematurity, and Stage 2 ROP was most common (41.7%) within this group. Those neonates who had born ≤28 wks gestational age, showed more incidence (75%) of ROP. There was significant association between ROP and prematurity, low birth weight, mechanical ventilation, duration and concentration of oxygen therapy.Conclusion: Apart from prematurity and low birth weight, oxygen therapy also carries significant risk for ROP. Thus, judicious use of oxygen in premature babies can reduce incidence of ROP significantly.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(3):247-252
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ununited femoral neck fracture is seen commonly in developing countries due to delayed presentation or failure of primary internal fixation. Such fractures, commonly present with partial or total absorption of femoral neck, osteonecrosis of femoral head in 8-30% cases with upward migration of trochanter posing problem for osteosynthesis, especially in younger individuals. Several techniques for treatment of such conditions are described like osteotomies or nonvascularied cortical or cancellous bone grafting provided varying degrees of success in terms of fracture union but unsatisfactory long term results occurred due to varying incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head. Moreover, in presence of AVN of femoral head neither free fibular graft nor cancellous bone graft is satisfactory. The vascularied bone grafting by deep circumflex iliac artery based on iliac crest bone grafting, free vascularied fibular grafting and muscle pedicle periosteal grafting showed high incidence of success rate. Osteosynthesis is the preferred treatment of choice in ununited femoral neck fracture in younger individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of the 293 patients operated during the period from June 1977 to June 2009, 42 were lost to followup. Seven patients with gluteus medius muscle pedicle bone grafting (MPBG) were excluded. Thus, out of 244 patients, 208 (85.3%) untreated nonunion and 36 (14.7%) following failure of primary internal fixation were available for studies. Time interval between the date of injury and operation in untreated nonunion cases was mean 6.5 months and in failed internal fixation cases was mean 11.2 months. Ages of the patients varied from 16 to 55 years. Seventy patients had partial and 174 had subtotal absorption of the femoral neck. Evidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) femoral head was found histologically in 135 (54.3%) and radiologically in 48 (19.7%) patients. The patients were operated by open reduction of fracture, cannulated hip screw fixation, iliac crest bone chips and quadratus femoris MPBG. RESULTS The mean followup is 12.5 years (range 3-35). The union of fractures occurred in 202 (82.8%), delayed union in 18 (7.3%), and established nonunion in 24 (9.8%) patients. Full weight bearing was permitted at 16-22 weeks after union of fractures. Mean Harris hip score at the longest followup was 85.5. Among the complications, superficial wound infection occurred in 20 (8.2%), deep infection in seven (2.9%), and coxa vara in 39 (16%) patients. Preoperative radiodensity of femoral head disappeared mostly after the union of fracture whereas fresh radiodensity of femoral head appeared in 20 (8%) patients; nine (45%) of them developed segmental collapse. CONCLUSION Ununited femoral neck fractureis characterized by absorption of femoral neck, posterior cortical defect, smoothening and overriding of fracture surfaces with intervening fibrous tissues associated with or without AVN of femoral head. The above method of osteosynthesis rectified the above pathology and provided satisfactory results with union of fractures in 90.1% patients at long term followup.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Baksi
- Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Medical College, Kishanganj, Bihar, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. D D Baksi, DA-3, Sector-I, Salt Lake City, Kolkata - 700 064, West Bengal, India. E-mail:
| | - A K Pal
- Department of Orthopaedics, IPGMER, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - D P Baksi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Sarma K, Pal AK, Baruah K. Effect of sub-lethal concentration of endosulfan on lipid and fatty acid metabolism of spotted murrel, Channa punctatus. J Environ Biol 2015; 36:451-454. [PMID: 25895269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The spotted murrel, Channa punctatuswere exposed to sub-lethal concentration of endosulfan (8.1 microg l(-1)) for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrto elucidate the impact of pesticide on fatty acid composition of liver and muscle. After endosulfan exposure, fish from each control and experimental tanks were randomly sampled anesthetized, sacrificed and then the liver and muscle were dissected out for lipid and fatty acid (FA) profile. Results showed that total lipid, cholesterol, and triglyceride and FA in liver and muscle, and phospholipid in liver were significantly affected due to pesticide exposure. In liver and muscle tissues, 28.09 and 32.57% reduction of the total lipid, and 42.82 and 49.75% reduction in triglyceride and FAwere observed at the end of 96 hrs of exposure. Reduction of total lipid, triglyceride and FA may be due to their mobilization for energy production to combat stress. In FA, oleic (25.46 to 22.48% in liver and 25.75 to 21.87% in muscle) and linoleic acids (8.04 to 6.83% in liver and 9.88 to 8.09%) were reduced in both the tissues at the end of 96 hr of exposure. It may be concluded that exposure of fish to sub-lethal concentration of endosulfan had influenced the lipid and fatty acid metabolism of Channa punctatus.
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20
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Kumar P, Saurabh S, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Arasu ART. Stress mitigating and growth enhancing effect of dietary tryptophan in rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings. Fish Physiol Biochem 2014; 40:1325-1338. [PMID: 24705914 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the stress mitigation and growth enhancing role of dietary L-tryptophan (TRP) under thermal stress in rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings for 45 days. Seven hundred and twenty fishes were distributed in three major groups that are ambient temperature (26 °C), 34 and 38 °C in triplicate following a complete randomized design. Acclimation of fishes to 34 and 38 °C over average ambient temperatures were carried out at 1 °C/day. Each group was fed with a diet supplemented with 0, 0.36, 0.72 or 1.42 % L-TRP. Results showed that blood glucose and serum cortisol level were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the higher temperature groups than the ambient temperature group. Similarly, aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, CAT, superoxide dismutase activities were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the control groups (0 % L-TRP) and decreasing activities of these enzymes were observed with the increasing level of dietary L-TRP. In different temperature groups, L-TRP-supplemented groups were found to have higher (p < 0.05) growth, RGR and PER. The results obtained in the present study indicate that dietary L-TRP mitigates thermal stress and enhances growth. From the present study, we can conclude that dietary supplementation of L-TRP at the 0.72 % level in the diet is found to be optimum to reduce thermal stress even up to 38 °C in rohu, L. rohita. The baseline data obtained here could be useful for the farmers to formulate feeds to culture the fish in different agro-climatic zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Kumar
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
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21
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Chandrasekar S, Nich T, Tripathi G, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Dasgupta S. Acclimation of brackish water pearl spot (Etroplus suratensis) to various salinities: relative changes in abundance of branchial Na(+)/K (+)-ATPase and Na (+)/K (+)/2Cl (-) co-transporter in relation to osmoregulatory parameters. Fish Physiol Biochem 2014; 40:983-996. [PMID: 24482094 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to elucidate the osmoregulatory ability of the fish pearl spot (Etroplus suratensis) to know the scope of this species for aquaculture under various salinities. Juvenile pearl spot were divided into three groups and acclimated to freshwater (FW), brackish water (BW) or seawater (SW) for 15 days. The fish exhibited effective salinity tolerance under osmotic challenges. Although the plasma osmolality and Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-) levels increased with the increasing salinities, the parameters remained within the physiological range. The muscle water contents were constant among FW-, BW- and SW-acclimated fish. Two Na+/K+-ATPase α-isoforms (NKA α) were expressed in gills during acclimation in FW, BW and SW. Abundance of one isoform was up-regulated in response to seawater acclimation, suggesting its role in ion secretion similar to NKA α1b, while expression of another isoform was simultaneously up-regulated in response to both FW and SW acclimation, suggesting the presence of isoforms switching phenomenon during acclimation to different salinities. Nevertheless, NKA enzyme activities in the gills of the SW and FW individuals were higher (p < 0.05) than in BW counterparts. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase immunoreactive (NKA-IR) cells were mainly distributed in the interlamellar region of the gill filaments in FW groups and in the apical portion of the filaments in BW and SW groups. The number of NKA-IR cells in the gills of the FW-acclimated fish was almost similar to that of SW individuals, which exceeded that of the BW individuals. The NKA-IR cells of BW and SW were bigger in size than their FW counterparts. Besides, the relative abundance of branchial Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) co-transporter showed stronger evidence in favor of involvement of this protein in hypo-osmoregulation, requiring ion secretion by the chloride cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the wide salinity tolerance of E. suratensis involving differential activation of ion transporters and thereby suggesting its potential as candidate for fish farming under different external salinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandrasekar
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
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22
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Akhtar MS, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Ciji A, Mahanta PC. Thermal tolerance, oxygen consumption and haemato-biochemical variables of Tor putitora juveniles acclimated to five temperatures. Fish Physiol Biochem 2013; 39:1387-1398. [PMID: 23532303 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A 30-day acclimation trial was conducted using Tor putitora to elucidate its thermal tolerance, oxygen consumption, haemato-biochemical variables and selected enzymatic activities at five acclimation temperatures (AT). Juveniles of T. putitora were randomly distributed among five treatment groups (20, 23, 26, 29 and 32 ± 0.5 °C). There was a significant curvilinear increase in critical thermal maxima (CT(max)) (y = -0.0693x² + 1.7927x + 34.628, R² = 0.996) and lethal thermal maxima (LT(max)) (y = -0.1493x² + 2.3407x + 35.092, R² = 0.991) with increasing AT. The oxygen consumption rate increased significantly with increasing AT. The Q₁₀ values were 1.16 between 20 and 23 °C, 3.09 between 23 and 26 °C, 1.31 between 26 and 29 °(C) and 1.76 between 29 and 32 °C of AT. The acclimation response ratios were ranged between 0.37 and 0.59. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and ATPase activities were increased linearly in liver, gill and kidney, while brain acetylcholine esterase activity decreased linearly with increasing AT. Blood glucose remained unchanged up to AT of 26 °C and increased significantly at AT of 29 and 32 °C. Haemoglobin content was increased linearly with increasing AT. The highest WBC count was observed at 20 °C, and no significant changes found till AT of 26 °C and significantly decreased at 32 °C. Total serum protein and globulin were significantly decreased with increasing AT. Highest values were observed at 20 °C and remained consistent till 26 °C, then decreased significantly. There was no significant change in A/G ratio through the AT 20-29 °C and increased significantly at 32 °C. The increase in CT(max), LT(max) and oxygen consumption rate with increasing AT may suggest that the thermal tolerance of T. putitora is dependent on its prior thermal exposure history, and it could adapt to higher AT by altering its haemato-biochemical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Akhtar
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, DCFR, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263136, Uttarakhand, India,
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23
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Gupta SK, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Jha AK, Akhtar MS, Mandal SC, Das P, Prusty AK. Supplementation of microbial levan in the diet of Cyprinus carpio fry (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to sublethal toxicity of fipronil: effect on growth and metabolic responses. Fish Physiol Biochem 2013; 39:1513-1524. [PMID: 23666372 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary microbial levan on growth performance and metabolic responses of Cyprinus carpio fry exposed to sublethal dose (1/10th LC₅₀) of fipronil [(±)-5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile]. Two hundred and twenty five fry were randomly distributed in five treatments in triplicates. Four purified diets were prepared with graded levels of microbial levan. Five different treatment groups were levan control L₀P₀ (basal feed + 0 % levan without exposure to pesticide); pesticide control L₀P₁ (basal feed + 0 % levan with exposure to pesticide); L₀.₂₅P₁ (basal feed + 0.25 % levan with exposure to pesticide); L₀.₅₀P₁ (basal feed + 0.50 % levan with exposure to pesticide); and L₀.₇₅P₁ (basal feed + 0.75 % levan with exposure to pesticide). Weight gain% and specific growth rate were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in levan fed groups compared to their non-levan fed counterpart. Highest (p < 0.05) content of ascorbic acid in muscle, liver and brain tissues was observed with higher level of dietary levan. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased with the increasing level of dietary levan in the liver and muscle. Aspartate aminotransferase activity exhibited a second order polynomial relationship with the dietary levan, both in liver (Y = -1.001x² + 5.366x + 5.812, r² = 0.887) and muscle (Y = -0.566x² + 2.833x + 6.506, r² = 0.858) while alanine aminotransferase activity showed third order polynomial relationship both in liver (Y = 1.195x³ - 12.30x² + 35.23x + 9.874, r² = 0.879) and muscle (Y = 0.527x³ - 8.429x² + 31.80x + 8.718, r² = 0.990). Highest (p < 0.05) superoxide dismutase activity in gill was observed in the group fed with 0.75 % levan supplemented diet. Overall results indicated that dietary microbial levan at 0.75 % in C. carpio fry ameliorated the negative effects of fipronil and augmented the growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Gupta
- Division of Aquaculture, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai-61, India,
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24
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Ciji A, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Akhtar MS. Nitrite-induced alterations in sex steroids and thyroid hormones of Labeo rohita juveniles: effects of dietary vitamin E and L-tryptophan. Fish Physiol Biochem 2013; 39:1297-1307. [PMID: 23504103 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of sub-lethal nitrite exposure on sex steroids (testosterone and estradiol), cortisol and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) of Labeo rohita juveniles. Fishes previously fed with normal or elevated levels of vitamin E (VE) and tryptophan for 60 days were exposed to sub-lethal nitrite for another 45 days with same feeding regime. There were nine treatment groups, viz. VE0TRP0-N, VE0TRP0+N, VE100TRP0-N, VE100TRP0+N, VE100TRP0.75+N, VE100TRP1.5+N, VE150TRP0+N, VE300TRP0+N and VE200TRP1+N. Except the groups VE0TRP0-N and VE100TRP0-N, all other groups were exposed to nitrite. At the end of the 45 days of nitrite exposure, serum samples were assayed for sex steroids, cortisol and thyroid hormones. The serum T3 and T4 levels decreased to the extent of 84.5 and 94.06%, respectively, upon nitrite exposure. Dietary supplementation with additional amounts of VE and tryptophan appears to reduce the decline of the production of T4. The serum testosterone and estradiol decreased 97.31 and 92.86%, respectively, upon nitrite exposure. Supplementation with additional amounts of VE was found to reverse nitrite-induced inhibition of testosterone and estradiol production. Serum cortisol increased upon nitrite exposure and unexposed (VE100-N) group showed lower levels, which were comparable to groups fed with elevated levels of VE. The overall results of the present study revealed that environmental nitrites have a negative impact on steroidogenesis, which can be overcome by dietary supplementation of elevated amounts of VE (minimum of 150 mg VE Kg diet(-1)) and to a lesser extent by tryptophan (only at the level of 1.5% of the diet).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ciji
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India,
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Meena DK, Das P, Kumar S, Mandal SC, Prusty AK, Singh SK, Akhtar MS, Behera BK, Kumar K, Pal AK, Mukherjee SC. Beta-glucan: an ideal immunostimulant in aquaculture (a review). Fish Physiol Biochem 2013; 39:431-57. [PMID: 22965949 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The major hindrance in the development and sustainability of aquaculture industry is the occurrence of various diseases in the farming systems. Today, preventive and management measures are central concern to overcome such outbreak of diseases. Immunostimulants are considered as an effective tool for enhancing immune status of cultured organisms. Among different immunostimulants used in aquaculture practices, β-glucan is one of the promising immunostimulant, which is a homopolysaccharide of glucose molecule linked by the glycoside bond. It forms the major constituents of cell wall of some plants, fungi, bacteria, mushroom, yeast, and seaweeds. Major attention on β-glucan was captivated with the gain in knowledge on its receptors and the mechanism of action. The receptor present inside the animal body recognizes and binds to β-glucan, which in turn renders the animal with high resistance and enhanced immune response. This review highlights β-glucan as an immunostimulant, its effective dosages, and route of administration and furthermore provides an outline on role of β-glucan in enhancing growth, survival, and protection against infectious pathogens pertaining to fishes and shellfishes. Study also summarizes the effect of β-glucan on its receptors, recognition of proteins, immune-related enzymes, immune-related gene expression and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Meena
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barracklpore, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
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Sontakke BR, Talhar S, Ingole IV, Shende MR, Pal AK, Bhattacharaya T. Dermatoglyphic pattern in male infertility. Nepal Med Coll J 2013; 15:106-109. [PMID: 24696927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dermatoglyphics in infertile male patients were studied and compared with that of age matched controls to see whether any specific dermatoglyphic pattern exists in infertile male patients. Infertile male patients with abnormal semen profile were referred to Cytogenetic Laboratory for karyotyping. We selected twenty-four infertile male patients with abnormal semen profile. Out of twenty-four infertile male patients, nineteen were with normal Karyotype and five patients were with abnormal Karyotype. Loop was the commonest pattern observed in the infertile male patients. All these fingertip and palmar dermatoglyphic findings were compared with that of result on finger and palmar dermatoglyphics of equal number of age matched controls. Statistical evaluation was done with software "EPI- info, version-6.04 d". Infertile males had reduced number of loops as compared to that of controls which was statistically significant. Total whorls were increased in infertile male patients as compared to that of controls which was statistically insignificant. Percentage of true palmar pattern in I 3 and I 4 areas was reduced in infertile male patients as compared to that of controls which was statistically insignificant.
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Vani T, Saharan N, Roy SD, Ranjan R, Pal AK, Siddaiah GM, Kumar R. Alteration in haematological and biochemical parameters of Catla catla exposed to sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin. Fish Physiol Biochem 2012; 38:1577-1584. [PMID: 22580924 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day experiment was carried out to study the effect of sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin (1/10th of LC(50)) exposure on haematological and biochemical parameters of the Indian major carp, Catla catla fingerlings. Under exposure, the total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, haemoglobin content and haematocrit were decreased. All the studied serum parameters viz. total serum protein, albumin, globulin contents and albumin-globulin ratio were significantly decreased in cypermethrin-exposed fishes. A marked increase was recorded in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in liver, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity of muscle and acetylcholine esterase activity in brain were inhibited in cypermethrin-exposed fish. The membrane transport enzymes (total adenosine triphosphatase, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase and magnesium adenosine triphosphatase) activities were decreased significantly in the gills of C. catla exposed to sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin. The present study indicates that sub-lethal exposure of C. catla fingerlings to cypermethrin alters the haematological and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vani
- Aquaculture Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7 Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - N Saharan
- Aquaculture Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7 Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - S D Roy
- Aquaculture Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7 Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Ritesh Ranjan
- Mariculture Division, VRC of CMFRI, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
| | - A K Pal
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, CIFE, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - G M Siddaiah
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, CIFE, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Aquaculture Production & Environment Division, CIFA, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Orissa, India
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Akhtar MS, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Ciji A, Meena DK, Das P. Physiological responses of dietary tryptophan fed Labeo rohita to temperature and salinity stress. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012. [PMID: 23186225 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the possible effects of dietary L-tryptophan (TRP) in Labeo rohita based on growth performance and physio-biochemical responses. In the experiment I, a 60-day feeding trial was carried out to elucidate the effects of dietary TRP enrichment on growth performance and physio-biochemical responses. In the experiment II, the TRP pre-fed L. rohita, from experiment I, was exposed to temperature and salinity stress to evaluate stress-mitigating efficacy of TRP. In L. rohita, dietary supplementation of TRP showed significant effect on weight gain percentage and feed conversion ratio but not on blood glucose. A significant increase in RNA content and RNA/DNA ratio upon TRP supplementation was observed and was positively correlated with growth performance. The results of experiment II indicated that weight gain percentage, serum T3 and T4 levels were significantly reduced in groups that were exposed to temperature and salinity stress and fed diets without TRP supplementation. However, dietary supplementation of TRP significantly augmented weight gain percentage in stress-exposed groups. Tryptophan supplementation helped in bringing back T3 and T4 levels comparable with control. A significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, Adenosine triphosphatase, blood glucose and serum cortisol was observed in temperature- and salinity-exposed groups fed without TRP-supplemented diets. However, TRP supplementation was found to be effective in restoring the above parameters. The results of these experiments suggest that dietary TRP supplementation augments growth, lowers energy demand and helps in mitigating thermal and salinity stress in L. rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Akhtar
- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India, and Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India
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Ciji A, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Dasgupta S, Akhtar MS. Alterations in serum electrolytes, antioxidative enzymes and haematological parameters of Labeo rohita on short-term exposure to sublethal dose of nitrite. Fish Physiol Biochem 2012; 38:1355-1365. [PMID: 22388937 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of short-term exposure to sublethal levels of nitrite on electrolyte regulation, antioxidative enzymes and haematological parameters in Labeo rohita juveniles. The fishes were exposed to graded levels of nitrite (0-15 mg l(-1)) for different duration (0, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h). The 96-h LC(50) value for L. rohita (avg. wt, 66.5 ± 0.5 g) was found to be 11.28 mg l(-1). Activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase), acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and methaemoglobin reductase, serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride), haematological parameters and blood glucose level significantly varied (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. With increasing nitrite concentration and exposure period, a progressive reduction in the total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin were observed. With increase in nitrite concentration, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in activities was evidenced in catalase and superoxide dismutase in liver as well as gill, methaemoglobin reductase in blood, while progressive decline in AChE activity in brain was recorded. The serum sodium and chloride content showed a progressive decline, while potassium showed an increasing trend upon increase in nitrite concentration. The serum K(+) and Cl(-) after 96-h exposure demonstrated a linear relationship (Y = 0.221x + 2.542, R (2) = 0.938, P < 0.01 and Y = -5.760x + 129.5, R (2) = 0.952, P < 0.01, respectively) with nitrite concentrations. This study revealed that nitrite exposure causes alteration in all measured tissue enzymes, serum electrolytes and haematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ciji
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, 400061, Mumbai, India.
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De C, Nandi SN, Pal AK, Banerjee D, Das SK, Raman R. Use of fasciocutaneous flap for open-type III B tibial fractures--clinical experience and analysis. J Indian Med Assoc 2012; 110:319-322. [PMID: 23360025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Full thickness soft tissue defect over tibia is a big problem. Between December 2004 and July 2006, 20 patients of open Gustilo type IIIB tibial fractures were treated with fasciocutaneous flap after initial external fixation and control of infection done as evidenced by negative culture sensitivity test. The flap was chosen from the area between superior flexion crease of the calf at the popliteal fossa to the junction of the middle and inferior thirds of the posterior calf. The delay in flap surgery was mostly due to associated infection. Good results with satisfactory union were achieved in 85% cases. Infection occurred in 2 cases (10%). Marginal and full thickness necroses in this series were seen with sural flap; 2 cases (10%) developed partial necrosis of flap which was managed by skin graft and 1 (5%) developed full thickness necrosis. Fasciocutaneous flap helps in fracture union, control of infection and improves the functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay De
- Department of Orthopaedics, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan 713104
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Sarma K, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Dalvi RS, Chatterjee N, Mukherjee SC, Baruah K. Acute and chronic effects of endosulfan on the haemato-immunological and histopathological responses of a threatened freshwater fish, spotted murrel, Channa punctatus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2012; 38:499-509. [PMID: 21681415 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments, one short-term and one long-term, were conducted to elucidate the acute and chronic effects, respectively, of endosulfan exposure on the haemato-immunological and histopathological responses of Channa puncatatus. In the short-term study, fish were exposed to sublethal endosulfan (8.1 μg l(-1)) for 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. In the long-term study, fish were fed with normal diet and simultaneously either exposed to endosulfan (1.2 μg l(-1)) for 90 days or not. Results showed that the ascorbic acid levels in both the liver and the muscle decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by acute and chronic endosulfan exposure. The haemoglobin (Hb) level reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by 15.5% within 12 h of acute endosulfan exposure, further decreased by 25.8% after 24 h of exposure, however, thereafter the values increased and at the end of 72 h returned to normal levels. Almost similar trend was observed for the erythrocyte (RBC) count. The WBC count and the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) value showed a general increasing trend with increase in the duration of acute endosulfan exposure. The chronic exposure of C. punctatus to endosulfan significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the Hb level, RBC and WBC counts, NBT reduction value and the plasma parameters such as plasma protein, albumin (A) and globulin (G) compared with that of the control (except for A/G ratio). Endosulfan exposure also severely altered the liver histological structure. Overall results indicated that both short-term acute and long-term chronic endosulfan exposure had a significant impact on the haemato-immunological parameters and tissue histopathology of C. punctatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Sarma
- Division of Fisheries Science, Central Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, Port Blair, India
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Xavier B, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Jain KK, Misra S, Dalvi RS, Baruah K. Water soaking and exogenous enzyme treatment of plant-based diets: effect on growth performance, whole-body composition, and digestive enzyme activities of rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings. Fish Physiol Biochem 2012; 38:341-353. [PMID: 21611720 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to delineate the main effect of water soaking of plant ingredients, phytase, cellulase, and their interactions on the growth and digestive enzyme activities of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Two basal diets were prepared using water-soaked (S) or unsoaked (US) plant-based ingredients. Feed of US ingredients was supplemented with phytase (U kg(-1)) and cellulase (%) at the level of 0, 0 (C(us)); 500, 0 (T(1)); 0, 0.2 (T(2)); 500, 0.2 (T(3)), and feed of S ingredients at 0, 0 (C(s)); 500, 0 (T(4)); 0, 0.2 (T(5)), and 500, 0.2 (T(6)), respectively. Three hundred and sixty fingerlings were randomly distributed into eight treatments, each with three replicates. Soaking of the ingredients for 24 h significantly reduced the tannin content. However, feeding of S diets did not improve the fish growth. Highest performance was recorded in the T(3) group. A significant interaction between dietary phytase and cellulase was observed for apparent net protein utilization. Tissue crude protein, ether extract, and ash content of the fingerlings were observed highest in the T(3) group. Activities of amylase, protease, and lipase were recorded highest in the T(3) group. Results suggested that soaking of plant-based ingredients reduces tannin content; however, growth and digestive enzyme activities of group fed soaked diet were not improved, possibly due to leaching of soluble nutrients. Probably, a shorter duration soaking may be effective in reducing tannin content and avoiding nutrients leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji Xavier
- Mariculture Division, Visakhapatnam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Ambulkar PS, Waghmare JE, Tarnekar AM, Shende MR, Ghosh SK, Pal AK. SRY-positive 46, XY male with vanishing testis syndrome, feminization and gynecomastia. Nepal Med Coll J 2012; 14:1-4. [PMID: 23441485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The vanishing testis with maleness is a rare syndrome with frequency of 1 in 20,000 males. Here, we report about a 30 years old male subject with vanishing testis syndrome, feminization and gynecomastia. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Leutinizing hormone (LH) levels were elevated whereas testosterone was below normal and anti-mullerian-hormone level was undetectable in the patient. The chromosomal analysis and DNA analysis of SRY and ZFY, DAX-I, AZFa, AZFb, AZFc and heterochromatic region of Y chromosome with STS primer (sY160) were done to detect any genetic changes at specified sites (both at chromosomal and molecular level). Karyotyping confirmed patient as 46, XY male, with no evidence of mosaicism in blood cells. PCR amplification of SRY gene indicated that the SRY gene of the patient was normal. PCR amplification of SRY, ZFY, DAX-I, AZFa, AZFb, AZFc gene and Y chromosome heterochromatic region using STS primer sY(160) did not reveal any microdeletions. The anti-mullerian-hormone level was undetectable indicating that the patient didn't have any testicular tissue in scrotum. Increased levels of FSH, LH and reversed androgen: estrogen ratio might have given rise to gynecomastia in the patient. SRY-positive 46,XY male with vanishing testis might be due to torsion of testis during descent in fetal period. The torsion of testis might have caused vascular occlusion and thereby regression of testicular tissue occurred, but the exact genetic condition yet to understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ambulkar
- Human Molecular Genetics Division, Department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha-442102 (MS), India.
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Kumar S, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Subramanian S, Priyadarshi H, Kumar V. High dietary protein combats the stress of Labeo rohita fingerlings exposed to heat shock. Fish Physiol Biochem 2011; 37:1005-1019. [PMID: 21573753 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The amelioration effect of high dietary protein against stress was evaluated in Labeo rohita fingerlings, exposed to heat shock. Two hundred and forty fingerlings (6.57 ± 0.04 g, average weight ± SE) were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups, each with 4 replicates was fed with either of four diets containing different levels of protein (20, 30, 40 or 45%). Water temperatures of all the treatments were within the range of 25.5-26.5°C throughout the experimental period of 30 days. After 30 days of feeding, fish were given heat shock by exposing to 38°C for 2 h. Heat shock significantly decreased (P < 0.05) liver glycogen content in treatment groups fed with 20 and 30% dietary protein, whereas unaffected in the 40 and 45% protein-fed groups. Heat shock significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum glucose and cortisol level in all the treatments. The 40 and 45% dietary protein-fed groups registered significantly higher survival (%) after the heat shock compared with their lower-protein counterparts. Heat shock increased the glycolytic, gluconeogenic, protein metabolic and antioxidative enzymes to cope up with thermal stress. Our results indicate that high-protein diet (≥40%) combats the stress due to heat shock in Labeo rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendra Kumar
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rajendra Agricultural University, Madhopur, Bihar, India.
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Gajjar DU, Pal AK, Santos JM, Ghodadra BK, Vasavada AR. Severe pigmented keratitis caused by Cladorrhinum bulbillosum. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:434-7. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.90191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mohapatra S, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Prusty AK, Kumar V, Kumar S. Haemato-immunology and histo-architectural changes in Labeo rohita fingerlings: effect of dietary aflatoxin and mould inhibitor. Fish Physiol Biochem 2011; 37:177-186. [PMID: 20803068 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A feeding trail of 60 days was conducted for delineating the effect of dietary aflatoxin (AFB1) with or without supplementation of a mixture of mould inhibitor (0.25% clove oil + 0.32% sodium propionate) on haematology, respiratory burst activity and histology of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Three hundred and sixty fishes (avg. wt. 1.48-1.54 g) were randomly distributed into eight treatment groups. Eight experimental diets with four different levels of aflatoxin (0, 10, 20 and 40 ppb) with or without mould inhibitor were prepared. Haematological parameters like total serum protein, albumin, globulin and A:G ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced with increasing levels of aflatoxin in the diet. However, supplementation of mould inhibitor showed enhanced values when compared to non-supplemented counter parts suggesting ameliorating effects of mould inhibitor on aflatoxin. Total leucocyte count was higher in aflatoxin-treated groups. Histological observations were complementary to haematological parameters. Respiratory burst activity was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in higher aflatoxin-treated groups but not affected significantly (P > 0.05) due to inclusion of inhibitor alone and/or interaction of aflatoxin level and inhibitor in the diet. From this study, it was concluded that up to 20 ppb aflatoxin level in the diet the haemato-immunological parameters are protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohapatra
- Department of Aquaculture, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patellar dislocations are either due to superolateral contracture of the soft tissue or imbalance of the power between the vastus medialis (VM) and the vastus lateralis (VL). The imbalance of muscle power as an etiology of patellar dislocation has not been studied. Hence, we studied the recurrent, habitual and permanent dislocations of the patella with an electromyogram (EMG) of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and pes anserinus, before and after realignment operations, to document the muscle imbalance and effectiveness of the realignment operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electromyographic investigation was carried out on the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis in nine recurrent, 20 habitual, and 13 permanent dislocations of the patella, before and after their realignment operations. Pes anserinus transposition, which acted as a medial stabilizer of the patella, was also investigated with an EMG study, to understand its role on patellar stability at 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and full flexion of the knee. The age of the patients varied from nine to 30 (mean 15) years. There were 24 males and 18 females. Twenty-six patellar dislocations were on the right and 16 were on the left side. RESULTS Electromyographic pictures reveal subnormal activity of the vastus medialis in all types of dislocations and similar activities of the vastus lateralis in permanent and habitual dislocations recorded pre operatively, which recovered to almost normal values postoperatively, at the mean one-year follow-up. Pes anserinus, which was used for medial stabilization of the patella after its realignment, maintained normal EMG activity before and after the operation. CONCLUSION This study is significant for understanding the imbalance of muscle activities in patients with an unstable patella, which can be rectified without recurrence after pes anserinus transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- DD Baksi
- Department of Orthopedics, K.P.C. Medical College, Jadevpur, Kolkata, India
| | - AK Pal
- Department of Orthopedics, Burdwan Medical College, Kolkata, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ananda Kisor Pal, 108A APC Road Kolkata - 700 009, India. E-mail:
| | - DP Baksi
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
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Chopra G, Pal AK. An improved image compression algorithm using binary space partition scheme and geometric wavelets. IEEE Trans Image Process 2011; 20:270-275. [PMID: 20615810 DOI: 10.1109/tip.2010.2056378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Geometric wavelet is a recent development in the field of multivariate nonlinear piecewise polynomials approximation. The present study improves the geometric wavelet (GW) image coding method by using the slope intercept representation of the straight line in the binary space partition scheme. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the wavelet transform-based compression methods such as the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW), the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) and the embedded block coding with optimized truncation (EBCOT), and other recently developed "sparse geometric representation" based compression algorithms. The proposed image compression algorithm outperforms the EZW, the Bandelets and the GW algorithm. The presented algorithm reports a gain of 0.22 dB over the GW method at the compression ratio of 64 for the Cameraman test image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chopra
- College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, 263145 Pantnagar, India.
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Sontakke BR, Ghosh SK, Pal AK. Dermatoglyphics of fingers and palm in Klinefelter's syndrome. Nepal Med Coll J 2010; 12:142-144. [PMID: 21446360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dermatoglyphics is important in anthropology and medical genetics, chiefly because of their diagnostic usefulness. We studied the ridges of finger tips and palm in six Klinefelter's syndrome patients (47,XXY) in the present work. Then the results were compared with equal number of controls. Statistical analysis was done using EPI- info, version- 6.04 d software. We found statistically significant increased in whorls and decreased in loops in klinefelter's syndrome patients as compared to the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Sontakke
- Department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Sarma K, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Mukherjee SC, Baruah K. Biochemical and histological changes in the brain tissue of spotted murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch), exposed to endosulfan. Fish Physiol Biochem 2010; 36:597-603. [PMID: 19526321 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-009-9333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to establish the relationship between selected physiological parameters and histological responses of Channa punctatus brain tissue to endosulfan exposure. The fish (35.6 +/- 0.7 g) was exposed to sublethal endosulfan concentration (8.1 microg l(-1)) for a period of 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h. Results showed that brain glucose level increased significantly after exposure, indicating a hyperglycemic state of the fish. Brain vitamin C level decreased with an increase in the exposure time. Acetylcholine esterase and adenosine triphosphatase enzyme activities also showed a significant reduction upon endosulfan exposure. Brain histopathology after 96 h endosulfan exposure showed that the apical lobe of the cerebrum (the only portion examined) had mild necrosis. Focal area of gliosis could be seen in the cerebrum, which were absent in the control fish. The results indicate that exposure of sublethal concentration of endosulfan to C. punctatus may have a direct effect on the histology of the fish's brain tissue, thereby affecting its metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Sarma
- Division of Fisheries Science, Central Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, Port Blair, 744101, India
| | - A K Pal
- Division of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - N P Sahu
- Division of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - S C Mukherjee
- Division of Fish Pathology and Microbiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Centre, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Kumar V, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Kumar S, Sinha AK, Ranjan J, Baruah K. Modulation of key enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, and TCA cycle of the tropical freshwater fish Labeo rohita fed gelatinized and non-gelatinized starch diet. Fish Physiol Biochem 2010; 36:491-499. [PMID: 19340598 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-009-9319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary gelatinized (G) and non-gelatinized (NG) starch on the key metabolic enzymes of glycolysis (hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), gluconeogenesis (glucose-6 phosphatase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase), protein metabolism (aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase), and TCA cycle (malate dehydrogenase) in Labeo rohita juveniles. In the analysis, 234 juveniles (2.53 +/- 0.04 g) were randomly distributed into six treatment groups each with three replicates. Six semi-purified diets containing NG and G cornstarch, each at six levels of inclusion (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100) were prepared viz., T1 (100% NG, 0% G starch), T2 (80% NG, 20% G starch), T3 (60% NG, 40% G starch), T4 (40% NG, 60% G starch), T5 (20% NG, 80% G starch), and T6 (0% NG, 100% G starch). Dietary G:NG starch ratio had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the glycolytic enzymes, the highest activities were observed in the T6 group and lowest in the T1 group. On the contrary, the gluconeogenic enzymes, the glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase activities in the organs, liver and kidney were recorded highest in the T1 group and lowest in the T6 group. The liver aspartate amino transferase activity showed an increasing trend with the decrease in the dietary G level. However, the muscle aspartate amino transferase activity was not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by the type of dietary starch. The alanine amino transferase activity in both liver and muscle showed an increasing trend with the decrease in the dietary G level. The liver and muscle malate dehydrogenase activities were lowest in the T6 group and highest in the T1 group. Results suggest that NG (100%) starch diet significantly induced more the enzyme activities of amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and TCA cycle, whereas partial or total replacement of raw starch by gelatinized starch increased the glycolytic enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Aquaculture System and Animal Nutrition in the Tropics and Subtropics (480b), University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - N P Sahu
- Division of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - A K Pal
- Division of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Shivendra Kumar
- Division of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sinha
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jayant Ranjan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Sarma K, Pal AK, Ayyappan S, Das T, Manush SM, Debnath D, Baruah K. Acclimation of Anabas testudineus (Bloch) to three test temperatures influences thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption. Fish Physiol Biochem 2010; 36:85-90. [PMID: 19082752 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fish have developed their own specific adaptive mechanism, both behavioral and physiological, to maintain homeostasis in response to unfavorable temperatures. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the critical thermal maxima (CT(Max)), critical thermal minima (CT(Min)), and oxygen consumption rate of Anabas testudineus (17.03 +/- 1.2 g) after acclimating to three preset temperatures (25, 30, and 35 degrees C) for 30 days. The CT(Max) and CT(Min) were 40.15, 41.40, 41.88 degrees C and 12.43, 13.06, 13.94 degrees C, respectively, and were significantly different (P < 0.05). The thermal tolerance polygon for the specified temperatures was 278.30 degrees C(2). The oxygen consumption rate (117.03, 125.70, 198.48 mg O(2) kg(-1) h(-1), respectively) increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing acclimation temperatures. The overall results indicate that the thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption of A. testudineus are dependent on acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Sarma
- Division of Fisheries Science, Central Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, Port Blair 744101, India
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Ambulkar PS, Ghosh SK, Ingole IV, Pal AK. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of antibacterial drug, ciprofloxacin, on human lymphocytes in vitro. Nepal Med Coll J 2009; 11:147-151. [PMID: 20334059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is a bactericidal drug which is being used widely throughout the world for the treatment of various bacterial infection. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Ciprofloxacin on human lymphocytes in vitro had been assessed taking various parameters like mitotic index (MI), chromosome aberration (CA), anaphase anomalies, replicative index (RI) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) as end points. Our results indicate low mitotic index, low replicative index and high frequency of anaphase anomalies on one hand and on other hand, high frequency of chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in the exposed groups as compared to that of control group. These are the indications of both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Ciprofloxacin on human lymphocyte culture in vitro. All the parameters obtained from the experimental group were statistically significant when compared to that of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ambulkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Agnihotri College of Science, Wardha-442001, India
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Kumar S, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Sagar V, Sinha AK, Baruah K. Modulation of key metabolic enzyme of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) juvenile: effect of dietary starch type, protein level and exogenous alpha-amylase in the diet. Fish Physiol Biochem 2009; 35:301-315. [PMID: 19343525 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-008-9213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to delineate the effect of both gelatinized (G) and non-gelatinized (NG) corn with or without supplementation of exogenous alpha-amylase, either at optimum (35%) or sub-optimum (27%) protein levels, on blood glucose, and the key metabolic enzymes of glycolysis (hexokinase, HK), gluconeogenesis (glucose-6 phosphatase, G6Pase and fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase, FBPase), lipogenesis (glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD) and amino acid metabolism (alanine amino transferase, ALT and aspartate amino transferase, AST) in Labeo rohita. Three hundred and sixty juveniles (average weight 10 +/- 0.15 g) were randomly distributed into 12 treatment groups with each of two replicates. Twelve semi-purified diets containing either 35 or 27% crude protein were prepared by including G or NG corn as carbohydrate source with different levels of microbial alpha-amylase (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg(-1)). The G corn fed groups showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) blood glucose and G6PD activity, whereas G6Pase, FBPase, ALT and AST activity in liver was higher in the NG corn fed group. Dietary corn type, alpha-amylase level in diet or their interaction had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on liver HK activity, but the optimum crude protein (35%) fed group showed higher HK activity than their low protein counterparts. The sub-optimum crude protein (27%) fed group showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) G6PD activity than the optimum protein fed group, whereas the reverse trend was observed for HK, G6Pase, FBPase, ALT and AST activity. Addition of 50 mg alpha-amylase kg(-1) feed showed increased blood glucose and G6PD activity of the NG corn fed group, whereas the reverse trend was found for G6Pase, FBPase, ALT and AST activity in liver, which was similar to that of the G or NG corn supplemented with 100/150 mg alpha-amylase kg(-1) feed. Data on enzyme activities suggest that NG corn in the diet significantly induced more gluconeogenic and amino acid metabolic enzyme activity, whereas G corn induced increased lipogenic enzyme activity. Increased amino acid catabolic enzyme (ALT and AST) activity was observed either at optimum protein (35%) irrespective of corn type or NG corn without supplementation of alpha-amylase irrespective of protein level in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendra Kumar
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, India.
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Sarma K, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Ayyappan S, Baruah K. Dietary high protein and vitamin C mitigates endosulfan toxicity in the spotted murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793). Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:3668-3673. [PMID: 19324396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The amelioration effect of dietary high protein and vitamin C against stress was evaluated in spotted murrel, Channa punctatus, exposed to endosulfan. Two hundred and forty fish (average weight: 27.01 g/fish), distributed equally into 4 different groups (control, T(1), T(2), and T(3)), each with 6 replicates were fed with control (40% crude protein, CP and 0.1% vitamin C), T(1) (40% CP and 0.1% vitamin C), T(2) (50% CP and 0.1% vitamin C), and T(3) (50% CP and 0.2% vitamin C) diets for 90 days. Groups fed T(1), T(2), and T(3) diets were exposed to sublethal endosulfan concentration, whereas the control was maintained without endosulfan exposure. Results indicated significant reduction in the growth performance, survival, and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (liver and muscle), malate dehydrogenase (liver and muscle), enzymes of protein metabolism (aspartate amino transferase in liver and alanine amino transferase in liver and muscle), acetyl choline esterase (brain), alkaline phosphatase activity (liver), and ATPase (gill) enzymes of group fed control diet and exposed to endosulfan. However, endosulfan exposed fish fed high CP and vitamin C diet exhibited significant (P<0.05) improvement in their growth performance and metabolic enzyme activities. Further, high CP and vitamin C diet reduced endosulfan accumulation in the muscle. Overall results indicate that vitamin C (0.2%) supplementation in high CP (50%) diet improves growth, metabolism, and reduce endosulfan bioaccumulation in C. punctatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sarma
- Division of Fisheries Science, Central Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, Port Blair 744101, India
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Das T, Pal AK, Chakraborty SK, Manush SM, Dalvi RS, Apte SK, Sahu NP, Baruah K. Biochemical and stress responses of rohu Labeo rohita and mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala in relation to acclimation temperatures. J Fish Biol 2009; 74:1487-1498. [PMID: 20735648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical and stress responses of two Indian major carps, rohu Labeo rohita and mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala were studied after acclimating them to four preset temperatures (26, 31, 33 and 36 degrees C) for 30 days. The blood glucose and liver glycogen levels showed an inverse trend in both the species and were significantly different in L. rohita at higher temperatures. The decrease in the liver glycogen level of C. mrigala, however, was not significant. Plasma cortisol levels increased significantly whereas the ascorbic acid content in the brain and kidney of both the species decreased significantly with increasing temperatures. Total lipid content in the liver of both the species decreased significantly with increasing acclimation temperatures. The phospholipid concentration decreased in L. rohita with increasing acclimation temperatures, and in C. mrigala the values decreased up to 33 degrees C and increased at 36 degrees C. In C. mrigala, the cholesterol level decreased up to 33 degrees C and then increased at 36 degrees C, but the absolute value was lower in comparison to L. rohita. The cholesterol levels, however, were not significantly different in L. rohita. Triglycerides and free fatty acids concentrations decreased significantly with increasing acclimation temperatures in both the species. The present study indicates species-specific metabolic responses of L. rohita and C. mrigala to thermal acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Das
- Division of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, India
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Das SN, Sarangi S, Sahu SN, Pal AK. Metal contacts in nanocrystalline n-type GaN: Schottky diodes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:2532-2539. [PMID: 19437998 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Contact properties in nanocrystalline n-GaN in thin film form were studied by depositing nanocrystalline films onto aluminium coated fused silica substrates by high pressure sputtering of Si (1 at%) doped GaN target. Schottky diodes were realized with Au, Ni and Pd as top contacts on the nanocrystalline n-GaN films to examine the contact properties of the diodes thus formed. Variation of current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of the Schottky diodes were recorded at different temperatures and analyzed in the light of the existing theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Das
- Department of Instrumentation Science, USIC Building, Jadavpur University, Calcutta 700032, India
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Kumar V, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Kumar S, Sharma P, Chettri JK, Sinha AK. Non-gelatinized starch influences the deposition of n-3 fatty acids in the muscle of a tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 93:659-68. [PMID: 19178607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the influence of gelatinized (G) to non-gelatinized (NG) starch ratio in the diet on fatty acids profiles and oxidative status in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Two hundred and thirty-four fingerlings (average weight: 2.53 g) were distributed in six treatment groups with each of three replicates. Six semi-purified diets either containing NG and/or G corn starch (42.43%) viz., T(1) (100% NG and 0% G starch), T(2) (80% NG and 20% G starch), T(3) (60% NG and 40% G starch), T(4) (40% NG and 60% G starch), T(5) (20% NG and 80% G starch) and T(6) (0% NG and 100% G starch) was fed to respective groups. Catalase, superoxide dismutase and malic enzyme activities decreased linearly with the increasing level of G starch, whereas reverse trend was found for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Total saturated fatty acids in muscle increased with the increasing level of G starch in the diet. Total n-3 fatty acids decreased linearly with the increasing level of G starch in the diet. Among the n-3 fatty acids, linolenic acids content was more in NG starch fed group. Similarly, eicosapentaenoic acid contents gradually decreased with increasing level of G starch content. The n-6/n-3 ratio was higher in G starch fed group. This suggests that dietary starch type may be manipulated for quality improvement of fish flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Department of Aquaculture System and Animal Nutrition in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Sukumaran K, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Dalvi RS, Debnath D. Haemato-biochemical responses and induction of HSP70 to dietary phosphorus in Catla catla (Hamilton) fingerlings. Fish Physiol Biochem 2008; 34:299-306. [PMID: 18958586 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-007-9188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A feeding trial of 120 days was conducted to study the effect of graded levels of dietary phosphorus on haematology, serum protein concentrations and HSP70 expression in fingerlings of the Indian major carp, Catla (Catla catla). Eight isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets were formulated to contain graded levels of dietary phosphorus (dP), i.e., T(1), 0.1%; T(2), 0.3%; T(3), 0.5%; T(4), 0.7%; T(5), 0.9%; T(6), 1.1%; T(7), 1.3%; or T(8), 1.5%. Four hundred and eighty fish (average weight 4.23 +/- 0.016 g) were equally distributed into 24 tanks forming eight treatments with three replicates each. The fish were fed daily at the rate of 3.5% body weight in two instalments. At the end of feeding trial fish were sampled to study total RBC and WBC count, haemoglobin, serum lysozyme activity, serum total protein, albumin (A), globulin (G) concentration and HSP70 expression. Total RBC count, haemoglobin concentration and serum lysozyme activity did not vary significantly in response to different dietary phosphorus concentrations. Total WBC count was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T(1 )relative to all other treatments. Serum albumin and A/G ratio was found to be significantly lower in fish of T(1) and T(2) in relation to T(7) group (P < 0.05). Serum globulin and total protein levels remained unaffected by variations in dietary phosphorus. HSP70 expression was observed in T(1) group (0.1% dP) in gills and brain tissue, but not in liver and muscle tissues. No HSP70 expression was observed in fish of T(4) (0.7% dP) and T(8) (1.5% dP) treatments. These prima facie results suggest that dietary phosphorus had only minor influence on the haemato-biochemical parameters studied; however dietary phosphorus deficiency caused organ specific induction of HSP70 in catla fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sukumaran
- Fish Biochemistry Laboratory, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
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Gupta SK, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Dalvi R, Kumar V, Mukherjee SC. Microbial levan in the diet of Labeo rohita Hamilton juveniles: effect on non-specific immunity and histopathological changes after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. J Fish Dis 2008; 31:649-657. [PMID: 18786027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the immuno-protective effect of microbial levan on Labeo rohita juveniles challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Six purified diets were prepared with different levels of microbial levan: control (no levan), T1 (Basal + 0.25%), T2 (Basal + 0.50%), T3 (Basal + 0.75%), T4 (Basal + 1%) and T5 (Basal + 1.25%), fed to six groups of fish in triplicate. Among the treatment groups the haemoglobin content and total leucocyte count were increased with a dietary supplementation of levan at 1% or more. An increasing trend for total erythrocyte count was observed with increasing level of dietary levan. Lower levan-supplemented groups showed a higher albumin/globulin ratio. As the levan supplementation was increased, there was a gradual increase in serum lysozyme activity and respiratory burst activity [nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay] reduction values. The highest lysozyme activity and NBT were observed in the T5 group although this was similar to the T4 group (P > 0.05). No significant histo-architectural changes were associated with dietary levan levels. After challenge with A. hydrophila, moderately degenerated hepatocytes, oedema and leucocytic infiltration in parenchymatous tissues, and extensive haemorrhage and haemosiderosis in the kidney were observed in the control group. However, the T5 group supplemented with 1.25% levan showed infiltrating leucocytes in the liver while the kidney showed only moderate degeneration of renal tubules. The relative survival per cent of juveniles after challenge with A. hydrophila was the highest in the T5 group followed by T4. This suggests that microbial levan at 1.25% can be used as dietary immunostimulant for L. rohita juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Gupta
- Department of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India.
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