1
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Park C, Han B, Choi Y, Jin Y, Kim KP, Choi SI, Seong BL. RNA-dependent proteome solubility maintenance in Escherichia coli lysates analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry: Proteomic characterization in terms of isoelectric point, structural disorder, functional hub, and chaperone network. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-18. [PMID: 38361426 PMCID: PMC10878026 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2315383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation, a consequence of misfolding and impaired proteostasis, can lead to cellular malfunctions such as various proteinopathies. The mechanisms protecting proteins from aggregation in complex cellular environments have long been investigated, often from a protein-centric viewpoint. However, our study provides insights into a crucial, yet overlooked actor: RNA. We found that depleting RNAs from Escherichia coli lysates induces global protein aggregation. Our quantitative mass spectrometry analysis identified over 900 statistically significant proteins from the Escherichia coli proteome whose solubility depends on RNAs. Proteome-wide characterization showed that the RNA dependency is particularly enriched among acidic proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins, and structural hub proteins. Moreover, we observed distinct differences in RNA-binding mode and Gene Ontology categories between RNA-dependent acidic and basic proteins. Notably, the solubility of key molecular chaperones [Trigger factor, DnaJ, and GroES] is largely dependent on RNAs, suggesting a yet-to-be-explored hierarchical relationship between RNA-based chaperone (termed as chaperna) and protein-based chaperones, both of which constitute the whole chaperone network. These findings provide new insights into the RNA-centric role in maintaining healthy proteome solubility in vivo, where proteins associate with a variety of RNAs, either stably or transiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bitnara Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yura Choi
- Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoontae Jin
- Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Il Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Lim J, Cheong Y, Kim YS, Chae W, Hwang BJ, Lee J, Jang YH, Roh YH, Seo SU, Seong BL. RNA-dependent assembly of chimeric antigen nanoparticles as an efficient H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine platform. Nanomedicine 2021; 37:102438. [PMID: 34256061 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) pose a significant threat to human health, with high mortality rates, and require effective vaccines. We showed that, harnessed with novel RNA-mediated chaperone function, hemagglutinin (HA) of H5N1 HPAIV could be displayed as an immunologically relevant conformation on self-assembled chimeric nanoparticles (cNP). A tri-partite monomeric antigen was designed including: i) an RNA-interaction domain (RID) as a docking tag for RNA to enable chaperna function (chaperna: chaperone + RNA), ii) globular head domain (gd) of HA as a target antigen, and iii) ferritin as a scaffold for 24 mer-assembly. The immunization of mice with the nanoparticles (~46 nm) induced a 25-30 fold higher neutralizing capacity of the antibody and provided cross-protection from homologous and heterologous lethal challenges. This study suggests that cNP assembly is conducive to eliciting antibodies against the conserved region in HA, providing potent and broad protective efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Birds/virology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/prevention & control
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Mice
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/therapeutic use
- Pandemics
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/immunology
- RNA/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkwan Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Chae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jeung Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Innovative Technology Alliance-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Jang YH, Seong BL. Immune Responses Elicited by Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines as Correlates of Universal Protection against Influenza Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040353. [PMID: 33916924 PMCID: PMC8067561 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection remains a major public health challenge, causing significant morbidity and mortality by annual epidemics and intermittent pandemics. Although current seasonal influenza vaccines provide efficient protection, antigenic changes of the viruses often significantly compromise the protection efficacy of vaccines, rendering most populations vulnerable to the viral infection. Considerable efforts have been made to develop a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) able to confer long-lasting and broad protection. Recent studies have characterized multiple immune correlates required for providing broad protection against influenza viruses, including neutralizing antibodies, non-neutralizing antibodies, antibody effector functions, T cell responses, and mucosal immunity. To induce broadly protective immune responses by vaccination, various strategies using live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) and novel vaccine platforms are under investigation. Despite superior cross-protection ability, very little attention has been paid to LAIVs for the development of UIV. This review focuses on immune responses induced by LAIVs, with special emphasis placed on the breadth and the potency of individual immune correlates. The promising prospect of LAIVs to serve as an attractive and reliable vaccine platforms for a UIV is also discussed. Several important issues that should be addressed with respect to the use of LAIVs as UIV are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Major in Bio-Vaccine Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 1375, Korea;
- Vaccine Industry Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 1375, Korea
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Vaccine Innovation Technology Alliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-7416
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4
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Hwang BJ, Jang Y, Kwon SB, Yu JE, Lim J, Roh YH, Seong BL. RNA-assisted self-assembly of monomeric antigens into virus-like particles as a recombinant vaccine platform. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120650. [PMID: 33465537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Representing highly ordered repetitive structures of antigen macromolecular assemblies, virus-like particles (VLPs) serve as a high-priority vaccine platform against emerging viral infections, as alternatives to traditional cell culture-based vaccines. RNAs can function as chaperones (Chaperna) and are extremely effective in promoting protein folding. Beyond their canonical function as translational adaptors, tRNAs may moonlight as chaperones for the kinetic control of macromolecular antigen assembly. Capitalizing on genomic RNA co-assembly in infectious virions, we present the first report of a biomimetic assembly of viral capsids that was assisted by non-viral host RNAs into genome-free, non-infectious empty particles. Here, we demonstrate the assembly of bacterially-produced soluble norovirus VP1 forming VLPs (n = 180) in vitro. A tRNA-interacting domain (tRID) was genetically fused with the VP1 capsid protein, as a tRNA docking tag, in the bacterial host to transduce chaperna function for de novo viral antigen folding. tRID/tRNA removal prompted the in vitro assembly of monomeric antigens into highly ordered repetitive structures that elicited robust protective immune responses after immunization. The chaperna-based assembly of monomeric antigens will impact the development and deployment of VLP vaccines for emerging and re-emerging viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Jeung Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Innovative Technology Alliance-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Major in Bio-Vaccine Engineering, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - Soon Bin Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwan Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Innovative Technology Alliance-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Choi SI, Seong BL. A social distancing measure governing the whole proteome. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 66:104-111. [PMID: 33238232 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein folding in vivo has been largely understood in the context of molecular chaperones preventing aggregation of nascent polypeptides in the crowded cellular environment. Nascent chains utilize the crowded environment in favor of productive folding by direct physical connection with cellular macromolecules. The intermolecular repulsive forces by large excluded volume and surface charges of interacting cellular macromolecules, exerting 'social distancing' measure among folding intermediates, could play an important role in stabilizing their physically connected polypeptides against aggregation regardless of the physical connection types. The generic intrinsic chaperone activity of cellular macromolecules likely provides a robust cellular environment for the productive protein folding and solubility maintenance at the whole proteome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Il Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Vaccine Innovation Technology Alliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Jang YH, Seong BL. Call for a paradigm shift in the design of universal influenza vaccines by harnessing multiple correlates of protection. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1441-1455. [PMID: 32783765 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1801629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genetic variability and diversity of influenza viruses, and the expansion of their hosts, present a significant threat to human health. The development of a universal influenza vaccine is urgently needed to tackle seasonal epidemics, pandemics, vaccine mismatch, and zoonotic transmissions to humans. AREAS COVERED Despite the identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza viruses, designing a universal influenza vaccine that induces such broadly neutralizing antibodies at protective levels in humans has remained challenging. Besides neutralizing antibodies, multiple correlates of protection have recently emerged as crucially important for eliciting broad protection against diverse influenza viruses. This review discusses the immune responses required for broad protection against influenza viruses, and suggests a paradigm shift from an HA stalk-based approach to other approaches that can induce multiple immunological correlates of protection for the development of a universal influenza vaccine. EXPERT OPINION To develop a truly universal influenza vaccine, multiple correlates of protection should be considered, including antibody responses and T cell immunity. Balanced induction of neutralizing antibodies, antibody effector functions, and T cell immunity will contribute to the most effective vaccination strategy. Live-attenuated influenza vaccines provide an attractive platform to improve the breadth and potency of vaccines for broader protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Major in Bio-Vaccine Engineering, Andong National University , Andong, South Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University , Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Innovation Technology Alliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University , Seoul, South Korea
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7
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Abstract
As a mental framework for the transition of self-replicating biological forms, the RNA world concept stipulates a dual function of RNAs as genetic substance and catalyst. The chaperoning function is found intrinsic to ribozymes involved in protein synthesis and tRNA maturation, enriching the primordial RNA world with proteins of biological relevance. The ribozyme-resident protein folding activity, even before the advent of protein-based molecular chaperone, must have expedited the transition of the RNA world into the present protein theatre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyun Son
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver , Denver, CO, USA
| | - Scott Horowitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver , Denver, CO, USA
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea.,Vaccine Innovation Technology Alliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea
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8
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Kim YS, Lim J, Sung J, Cheong Y, Lee EY, Kim J, Oh H, Kim YS, Cho NH, Choi S, Kang SM, Nam JH, Chae W, Seong BL. Built-in RNA-mediated chaperone (chaperna) for antigen folding tailored to immunized hosts. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1990-2007. [PMID: 32297972 PMCID: PMC7262357 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
High‐quality antibody (Ab) production depends on the availability of immunologically relevant antigens. We present a potentially universal platform for generating soluble antigens from bacterial hosts, tailored to immunized animals for Ab production. A novel RNA‐dependent chaperone, in which the target antigen is genetically fused with an RNA‐interacting domain (RID) docking tag derived from the immunized host, promotes the solubility and robust folding of the target antigen. We selected the N‐terminal tRNA‐binding domain of lysyl‐tRNA synthetase (LysRS) as the RID for fusion with viral proteins and demonstrated the expression of the RID fusion proteins in their soluble and native conformations; immunization predominantly elicited Ab responses to the target antigen, whereas the “self” RID tag remained nonimmunogenic. Differential immunogenicity of the fusion proteins greatly enriched and simplified the screening of hybridoma clones of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), enabling specific and sensitive serodiagnosis of MERS‐CoV infection. Moreover, mAbs against the consensus influenza hemagglutinin stalk domain enabled a novel assay for trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines. The Fc‐mediated effector function was demonstrated, which could be harnessed for the design of next‐generation “universal” influenza vaccines. The nonimmunogenic built‐in antigen folding module tailored to a repertoire of immunized animal hosts will drive immunochemical diagnostics, therapeutics, and designer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seok Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkwan Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jemin Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongil Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Chae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Park C, Jin Y, Kim YJ, Jeong H, Seong BL. RNA-binding as chaperones of DNA binding proteins from starved cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:484-489. [PMID: 32007271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA-binding proteins from starved cells (Dps) in Escherichia coli protects DNA from multiple stresses during the stationary phase by forming a stable Dps-DNA complex. In contrast, Dps cannot bind to DNA during the exponential phase and it has not been clear why Dps conditionally binds to DNA depending on the growth phase. In this study, we show that DNA-free Dps in the exponential phase can also bind to RNA and the preemptive binding of RNA precludes DNA from interacting with Dps. The critical role of RNA in modulating the stability and functional competence of Dps and their morphology, leads us to propose a two-state model of Dps in executing stress responses. In the exponential phase, Dps is present predominantly as ribonucleoprotein complex. Under starvation, RNAs are degraded by up-regulated RNases, activating Dps to bind with chromosomal DNAs protecting them from diverse stresses. A dual role of RNA as an inhibitor of DNA binding and chaperone to keep dynamic functional status of Dps would be crucial for operating an immediate protection of chromosomal DNAs on starvation. The holdase-type chaperoning role of RNA in Dps-mediated stress responses would shed light on the role of RNAs as chaperone (Chaperna).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontae Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Life Science and Biotechnology Department, Underwood Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hotcherl Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Lee HM, Kwon SB, Son A, Kim DH, Kim KH, Lim J, Kwon YG, Kang JS, Lee BK, Byun YH, Seong BL. Stabilization of Intrinsically Disordered DKK2 Protein by Fusion to RNA-Binding Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112847. [PMID: 31212691 PMCID: PMC6600415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic disorders are a common feature of hub proteins in eukaryotic interactomes controlling the signaling pathways. The intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are prone to misfolding, and maintaining their functional stability remains a major challenge in validating their therapeutic potentials. Considering that IDPs are highly enriched in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), here we reasoned and confirmed that IDPs could be stabilized by fusion to RBPs. Dickkopf2 (DKK2), Wnt antagonist and a prototype IDP, was fused with lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), with or without the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of an immunoglobulin and expressed predominantly as a soluble form from a bacterial host. The functional competence was confirmed by in vitro Wnt signaling reporter and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in vivo Matrigel plug assay. The removal of LysRS by site-specific protease cleavage prompted the insoluble aggregation, confirming that the linkage to RBP chaperones the functional competence of IDPs. While addressing to DKK2 as a key modulator for cancer and ischemic vascular diseases, our results suggest the use of RBPs as stabilizers of disordered proteinaceous materials for acquiring and maintaining the structural stability and functional competence, which would impact the druggability of a variety of IDPs from human proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Soon Bin Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Doo Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea.
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05030, Korea.
| | - Jonghyo Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jin Sun Kang
- ProCell R&D Institute, ProCell Therapeutics, Inc., Ace-Twin Tower II, Guro3-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Korea.
| | - Byung Kyu Lee
- ProCell R&D Institute, ProCell Therapeutics, Inc., Ace-Twin Tower II, Guro3-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 08381, Korea.
| | - Young Ho Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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11
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Park ES, Byun YH, Park S, Jang YH, Han WR, Won J, Cho KC, Kim DH, Lee AR, Shin GC, Park YK, Kang HS, Sim H, Ha YN, Jae B, Son A, Kim P, Yu J, Lee HM, Kwon SB, Kim KP, Lee SH, Park YM, Seong BL, Kim KH. Co-degradation of interferon signaling factor DDX3 by PB1-F2 as a basis for high virulence of 1918 pandemic influenza. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.201899475. [PMID: 30979777 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional influenza virus protein PB1-F2 plays several roles in deregulation of host innate immune responses and is a known immunopathology enhancer of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Here, we show that the 1918 PB1-F2 protein not only interferes with the mitochondria-dependent pathway of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, but also acquired a novel IFN antagonist function by targeting the DEAD-box helicase DDX3, a key downstream mediator in antiviral interferon signaling, toward proteasome-dependent degradation. Interactome analysis revealed that 1918 PB1-F2, but not PR8 PB1-F2, binds to DDX3 and causes its co-degradation. Consistent with intrinsic protein instability as basis for this gain-of-function, internal structural disorder is associated with the unique cytotoxic sequences of the 1918 PB1-F2 protein. Infusing mice with recombinant DDX3 protein completely rescued them from lethal infection with the 1918 PB1-F2-producing virus. Alongside NS1 protein, 1918 PB1-F2 therefore constitutes a potent IFN antagonist causative for the severe pathogenicity of the 1918 influenza strain. Our identification of molecular determinants of pathogenesis should be useful for the future design of new antiviral strategies against influenza pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,KU Open Innovation Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soree Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Ry Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhee Won
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Cho Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gu-Choul Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kwang Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heewoo Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yea Na Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeongjune Jae
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Bin Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea .,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea .,KU Open Innovation Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Lee J, Son A, Kim P, Kwon SB, Yu JE, Han G, Seong BL. Cover Image, Volume 116, Number 3, March 2019. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
- Present affiliation: Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryKnoebel Institute for Healthy AgingUniversity of DenverDenver Colorado
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Soon Bin Kwon
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
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13
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Kwon SB, Yu JE, Kim J, Oh H, Park C, Lee J, Seong BL. Quality Screening of Incorrectly Folded Soluble Aggregates from Functional Recombinant Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040907. [PMID: 30791505 PMCID: PMC6413200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Solubility is the prime criterion for determining the quality of recombinant proteins, yet it often fails to represent functional activity due to the involvement of non-functional, misfolded, soluble aggregates, which compromise the quality of recombinant proteins. However, guidelines for the quality assessment of soluble proteins have neither been proposed nor rigorously validated experimentally. Using the aggregation-prone enhanced green-fluorescent protein (EGFP) folding reporter system, we evaluated the folding status of recombinant proteins by employing the commonly used sonication and mild lysis of recombinant host cells. We showed that the differential screening of solubility and folding competence is crucial for improving the quality of recombinant proteins without sacrificing their yield. These results highlight the importance of screening out incorrectly folded soluble aggregates at the initial purification step to ensure the functional quality of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Bin Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hana Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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14
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Lee J, Son A, Kim P, Kwon SB, Yu JE, Han G, Seong BL. RNA‐dependent chaperone (chaperna) as an engineered pro‐region for the folding of recombinant microbial transglutaminase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:490-502. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
- Present affiliation: Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryKnoebel Institute for Healthy AgingUniversity of DenverDenver Colorado
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Soon Bin Kwon
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
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15
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus strains highlights the need for new antiviral therapeutics to combat future pandemic outbreaks as well as continuing seasonal cycles of influenza. Areas covered: This review summarizes the mechanisms of current FDA-approved anti-influenza drugs and patterns of resistance to those drugs. It also discusses potential novel targets for broad-spectrum antiviral drugs and recent progress in novel drug design to overcome drug resistance in influenza. Expert opinion: Using the available structural information about drug-binding pockets, research is currently underway to identify molecular interactions that can be exploited to generate new antiviral drugs. Despite continued efforts, antivirals targeting viral surface proteins like HA, NA, and M2, are all susceptible to developing resistance. Structural information on the internal viral polymerase complex (PB1, PB2, and PA) provides a new avenue for influenza drug discovery. Host factors, either at the initial step of viral infection or at the later step of nuclear trafficking of viral RNP complex, are being actively pursued to generate novel drugs with new modes of action, without resulting in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Shin
- a Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Baik L Seong
- b Department of Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University , Seoul , South Korea.,c Vaccine Translational Research Center , Yonsei University , Seoul , South Korea
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16
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Kwon SB, Yu JE, Park C, Lee J, Seong BL. Nucleic Acid-Dependent Structural Transition of the Intrinsically Disordered N-Terminal Appended Domain of Human Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103016. [PMID: 30282926 PMCID: PMC6213541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic lysyl-tRNA synthetases (LysRS) have an N-terminal appended tRNA-interaction domain (RID) that is absent in their prokaryotic counterparts. This domain is intrinsically disordered and lacks stable structures. The disorder-to-order transition is induced by tRNA binding and has implications on folding and subsequent assembly into multi-tRNA synthetase complexes. Here, we expressed and purified RID from human LysRS (hRID) in Escherichia coli and performed a detailed mutagenesis of the appended domain. hRID was co-purified with nucleic acids during Ni-affinity purification, and cumulative mutations on critical amino acid residues abolished RNA binding. Furthermore, we identified a structural ensemble between disordered and helical structures in non-RNA-binding mutants and an equilibrium shift for wild-type into the helical conformation upon RNA binding. Since mutations that disrupted RNA binding led to an increase in non-functional soluble aggregates, a stabilized RNA-mediated structural transition of the N-terminal appended domain may have implications on the functional organization of human LysRS and multi-tRNA synthetase complexes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Bin Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jiseop Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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17
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Kim YS, Son A, Kim J, Kwon SB, Kim MH, Kim P, Kim J, Byun YH, Sung J, Lee J, Yu JE, Park C, Kim YS, Cho NH, Chang J, Seong BL. Chaperna-Mediated Assembly of Ferritin-Based Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1093. [PMID: 29868035 PMCID: PMC5966535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The folding of monomeric antigens and their subsequent assembly into higher ordered structures are crucial for robust and effective production of nanoparticle (NP) vaccines in a timely and reproducible manner. Despite significant advances in in silico design and structure-based assembly, most engineered NPs are refractory to soluble expression and fail to assemble as designed, presenting major challenges in the manufacturing process. The failure is due to a lack of understanding of the kinetic pathways and enabling technical platforms to ensure successful folding of the monomer antigens into regular assemblages. Capitalizing on a novel function of RNA as a molecular chaperone (chaperna: chaperone + RNA), we provide a robust protein-folding vehicle that may be implemented to NP assembly in bacterial hosts. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was fused with the RNA-interaction domain (RID) and bacterioferritin, and expressed in Escherichia coli in a soluble form. Site-specific proteolytic removal of the RID prompted the assemblage of monomers into NPs, which was confirmed by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The mutations that affected the RNA binding to RBD significantly increased the soluble aggregation into amorphous structures, reducing the overall yield of NPs of a defined size. This underscored the RNA-antigen interactions during NP assembly. The sera after mouse immunization effectively interfered with the binding of MERS-CoV RBD to the cellular receptor hDPP4. The results suggest that RNA-binding controls the overall kinetic network of the antigen folding pathway in favor of enhanced assemblage of NPs into highly regular and immunologically relevant conformations. The concentration of the ion Fe2+, salt, and fusion linker also contributed to the assembly in vitro, and the stability of the NPs. The kinetic "pace-keeping" role of chaperna in the super molecular assembly of antigen monomers holds promise for the development and delivery of NPs and virus-like particles as recombinant vaccines and for serological detection of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seok Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon Bin Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Life Science and Biotechnology, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jemin Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Lee YJ, Lee JY, Jang YH, Seo SU, Chang J, Seong BL. Non-specific Effect of Vaccines: Immediate Protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection by a Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:83. [PMID: 29445364 PMCID: PMC5797773 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-specific effects (NSEs) of vaccines have been discussed for their potential long-term beneficial effects beyond direct protection against a specific pathogen. Cold-adapted, live attenuated influenza vaccine (CAIV) induces local innate immune responses that provide a broad range of antiviral immunity. Herein, we examined whether X-31ca, a donor virus for CAIVs, provides non-specific cross-protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The degree of RSV replication was significantly reduced when X-31ca was administered before RSV infection without any RSV-specific antibody responses. The vaccination induced an immediate release of cytokines and infiltration of leukocytes into the respiratory tract, moderating the immune perturbation caused by RSV infection. The potency of protection against RSV challenge was significantly reduced in TLR3-/- TLR7-/- mice, confirming that the TLR3/7 signaling pathways are necessary for the observed immediate and short-term protection. The results suggest that CAIVs provide short-term, non-specific protection against genetically unrelated respiratory pathogens. The additional benefits of CAIVs in mitigating acute respiratory infections for which vaccines are not yet available need to be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young J. Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Y. Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo H. Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Lim KH, Park ES, Kim DH, Cho KC, Kim KP, Park YK, Ahn SH, Park SH, Kim KH, Kim CW, Kang HS, Lee AR, Park S, Sim H, Won J, Seok K, You JS, Lee JH, Yi NJ, Lee KW, Suh KS, Seong BL, Kim KH. Suppression of interferon-mediated anti-HBV response by single CpG methylation in the 5'-UTR of TRIM22. Gut 2018; 67:166-178. [PMID: 28341749 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interferons (IFNs) mediate direct antiviral activity. They play a crucial role in the early host immune response against viral infections. However, IFN therapy for HBV infection is less effective than for other viral infections. DESIGN We explored the cellular targets of HBV in response to IFNs using proteome-wide screening. RESULTS Using LC-MS/MS, we identified proteins downregulated and upregulated by IFN treatment in HBV X protein (HBx)-stable and control cells. We found several IFN-stimulated genes downregulated by HBx, including TRIM22, which is known as an antiretroviral protein. We demonstrated that HBx suppresses the transcription of TRIM22 through a single CpG methylation in its 5'-UTR, which further reduces the IFN regulatory factor-1 binding affinity, thereby suppressing the IFN-stimulated induction of TRIM22. CONCLUSIONS We verified our findings using a mouse model, primary human hepatocytes and human liver tissues. Our data elucidate a mechanism by which HBV evades the host innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keo-Heun Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Cho Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Yong Kwang Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soree Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heewoo Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhee Won
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kieun Seok
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jueng Soo You
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Joon Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,KU Open Innovation Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Lee YH, Jang YH, Byun YH, Cheong Y, Kim P, Lee YJ, Lee YJ, Sung JM, Son A, Lee HM, Lee J, Yang SW, Song JM, Seong BL. Green Tea Catechin-Inactivated Viral Vaccine Platform. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2469. [PMID: 29312180 PMCID: PMC5732980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, chemical agents such as formalin (FA) and β-propiolactone (BPL) have long been used for the preparation of inactivated vaccines or toxoids. It has been shown that FA extensively modifies vaccine antigens and thus affects immunogenicity profiles, sometimes compromising the protective efficacy of the vaccines or even exacerbating the disease upon infection. In this study, we show that natural catechins from green tea extracts (GT) can be used as an inactivating agent to prepare inactivated viral vaccines. GT treatment resulted in complete and irreversible inactivation of influenza virus as well as dengue virus. In contrast to FA that reacted extensively with multiple amino acids including lysine, a major anchor residue for epitope binding to MHC molecules, GT catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) crosslinked primarily with cysteine residues and thus preserved the major epitopes of the influenza hemagglutinin. In a mouse model, vaccination with GT-inactivated influenza virus (GTi virus) elicited higher levels of viral neutralizing antibodies than FA-inactivated virus (FAi virus). The vaccination completely protected the mice from a lethal challenge and restricted the challenge viral replication in the lungs. Of note, the quality of antibody responses of GTi virus was superior to that with FAi virus, in terms of the magnitude of antibody titer, cross-reactivity to hetero-subtypes of influenza viruses, and the avidity to viral antigens. As the first report of using non-toxic natural compounds for the preparation of inactivated viral vaccines, the present results could be translated into a clinically relevant vaccine platform with improved efficacy, safety, productivity, and public acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun H Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo H Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young H Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yucheol Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young J Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon J Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je M Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye M Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung W Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Song
- Department of Global Medical Science, Health and Wellness College, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Son A, Choi SI, Han G, Seong BL. M1 RNA is important for the in-cell solubility of its cognate C5 protein: Implications for RNA-mediated protein folding. RNA Biol 2015; 12:1198-208. [PMID: 26517763 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1096487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is one of the fundamental questions in biology how proteins efficiently fold into their native conformations despite off-pathway events such as misfolding and aggregation in living cells. Although molecular chaperones have been known to assist the de novo folding of certain types of proteins, the role of a binding partner (or a ligand) in the folding and in-cell solubility of its interacting protein still remains poorly defined. RNase P is responsible for the maturation of tRNAs as adaptor molecules of amino acids in ribosomal protein synthesis. The RNase P from Escherichia coli, composed of M1 RNA and C5 protein, is a prototypical ribozyme in which the RNA subunit contains the catalytic activity. Using E. coli RNase P, we demonstrate that M1 RNA plays a pivotal role in the in-cell solubility of C5 protein both in vitro and in vivo. Mutations in either the C5 protein or M1 RNA that affect their interactions significantly abolished the folding of C5 protein. Moreover, we find that M1 RNA provides quality insurance of interacting C5 protein, either by promoting the degradation of C5 mutants in the presence of functional proteolytic machinery, or by abolishing their solubility if the machinery is non-functional. Our results describe a crucial role of M1 RNA in the folding, in-cell solubility, and, consequently, the proteostasis of the client C5 protein, giving new insight into the biological role of RNAs as chaperones and mediators that ensure the quality of interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyun Son
- a Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science ; College of World Class University; Yonsei University ; Seoul , Korea.,b Vaccine Translational Research Center; Yonsei University ; Seoul , Korea
| | - Seong Il Choi
- c Department of Biotechnology ; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Yonsei University ; Seoul , Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- a Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science ; College of World Class University; Yonsei University ; Seoul , Korea.,c Department of Biotechnology ; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Yonsei University ; Seoul , Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- b Vaccine Translational Research Center; Yonsei University ; Seoul , Korea.,c Department of Biotechnology ; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Yonsei University ; Seoul , Korea
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Park ES, Park YK, Shin CY, Park SH, Ahn SH, Kim DH, Lim KH, Kwon SY, Kim KP, Yang SI, Seong BL, Kim KH. Hepatitis B virus inhibits liver regeneration via epigenetic regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Hepatology 2013; 58:762-76. [PMID: 23483589 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver regeneration after liver damage caused by toxins and pathogens is critical for liver homeostasis. Retardation of liver proliferation was reported in hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx)-transgenic mice. However, the underlying mechanism of the HBx-mediated disturbance of liver regeneration is unknown. We investigated the molecular mechanism of the inhibition of liver regeneration using liver cell lines and a mouse model. The mouse model of acute HBV infection was established by hydrodynamic injection of viral DNA. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy was significantly inhibited in the HBV DNA-treated mice. Mechanism studies have revealed that the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which regulates the activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), was significantly decreased in the liver tissues of HBV or HBx-expressing mice. The down-regulation of uPA was further confirmed using liver cell lines transiently or stably transfected with HBx and the HBV genome. HBx suppressed uPA expression through the epigenetic regulation of the uPA promoter in mouse liver tissues and human liver cell lines. Expression of HBx strongly induced hypermethylation of the uPA promoter by recruiting DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3A2. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that infection of HBV impairs liver regeneration through the epigenetic dysregulation of liver regeneration signals by HBx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
In the processes of protein synthesis and folding, newly synthesized polypeptides are tightly connected to the macromolecules, such as ribosomes, lipid bilayers, or cotranslationally folded domains in multidomain proteins, representing a hallmark of de novo protein folding environments in vivo. Such linkage effects on the aggregation of endogenous polypeptides have been largely neglected, although all these macromolecules have been known to effectively and robustly solubilize their linked heterologous proteins in fusion or display technology. Thus, their roles in the aggregation of linked endogenous polypeptides need to be elucidated and incorporated into the mechanisms of de novo protein folding in vivo. In the classic hydrophobic interaction-based stabilizing mechanism underlying the molecular chaperone-assisted protein folding, it has been assumed that the macromolecules connected through a simple linkage without hydrophobic interactions and conformational changes would make no effect on the aggregation of their linked polypeptide chains. However, an increasing line of evidence indicates that the intrinsic properties of soluble macromolecules, especially their surface charges and excluded volume, could be important and universal factors for stabilizing their linked polypeptides against aggregation. Taken together, these macromolecules could act as folding helpers by keeping their linked nascent chains in a folding-competent state. The folding assistance provided by these macromolecules in the linkage context would give new insights into de novo protein folding inside the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Il Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea; E-Mails: (A.S.); (K.-H.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.I.C.); (H.J.); (B.L.S.); Tel.: +82-2-393-4631 (S.I.C.)
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea; E-Mails: (A.S.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Keo-Heun Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea; E-Mails: (A.S.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Hotcherl Jeong
- Vismer Co., Ltd., Ansan, Kyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.I.C.); (H.J.); (B.L.S.); Tel.: +82-2-393-4631 (S.I.C.)
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea; E-Mails: (A.S.); (K.-H.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.I.C.); (H.J.); (B.L.S.); Tel.: +82-2-393-4631 (S.I.C.)
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Lee HJ, Lee YN, Youn HN, Lee DH, Kwak JH, Seong BL, Lee JB, Park SY, Choi IS, Song CS. Anti-influenza virus activity of green tea by-products in vitro and efficacy against influenza virus infection in chickens. Poult Sci 2012; 91:66-73. [PMID: 22184430 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds present in green tea, particularly catechins, are known to have strong anti-influenza activity. The goal of this study was to determine whether green tea by-products could function as an alternative to common antivirals in animals compared to original green tea. Inhibition of viral cytopathic effects ascertained by neutral red dye uptake was examined with 50% effective (virus-inhibitory) concentrations (EC₅₀)determined. Against the H1N1 virus A/NWS/33, we found the anti-influenza activity of green tea by-products (EC₅₀ = 6.36 µg/mL) to be equivalent to that of original green tea (EC₅₀= 6.72 µg/mL). The anti-influenza activity of green tea by-products was further examined in mouse and chicken influenza infection models. In mice, oral administration of green tea by-products reduced viral titers in the lungs in the early phase of infection, but they could not protect these animals from disease and death. In contrast, therapeutic administration of green tea by-products via feed or water supplement resulted in a dose-dependent significant antiviral effect in chickens, with a dose of 10 g/kg of feed being the most effective (P < 0.001). We also demonstrated that unidentified hexane-soluble fractions of green tea by-products possessed strong anti-influenza activity, in addition to ethyl acetate-soluble fractions, including catechins. This study revealed green tea by-product extracts to be a promising novel antiviral resource for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701 Korea
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Lim KH, Kim KH, Choi SI, Park ES, Park SH, Ryu K, Park YK, Kwon SY, Yang SI, Lee HC, Sung IK, Seong BL. RPS3a over-expressed in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma enhances the HBx-induced NF-κB signaling via its novel chaperoning function. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22258. [PMID: 21857917 PMCID: PMC3156704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is known to play a key role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several cellular proteins have been reported to be over-expressed in HBV-associated HCC tissues, but their role in the HBV-mediated oncogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we explored the effect of the over-expressed cellular protein, a ribosomal protein S3a (RPS3a), on the HBx-induced NF-κB signaling as a critical step for HCC development. The enhancement of HBx-induced NF-κB signaling by RPS3a was investigated by its ability to translocate NF-κB (p65) into the nucleus and the knock-down analysis of RPS3a. Notably, further study revealed that the enhancement of NF-κB by RPS3a is mediated by its novel chaperoning activity toward physiological HBx. The over-expression of RPS3a significantly increased the solubility of highly aggregation-prone HBx. This chaperoning function of RPS3a for HBx is closely correlated with the enhanced NF-κB activity by RPS3a. In addition, the mutational study of RPS3a showed that its N-terminal domain (1–50 amino acids) is important for the chaperoning function and interaction with HBx. The results suggest that RPS3a, via extra-ribosomal chaperoning function for HBx, contributes to virally induced oncogenesis by enhancing HBx-induced NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keo-Heun Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (BLS); (K-HK)
| | - Seong Il Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Park
- Department of Pharmacology, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kisun Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kwang Park
- Department of Pharmacology, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, IBST, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (BLS); (K-HK)
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26
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Nam JS, Kim AR, Yoon JC, Byun Y, Kim SA, Kim KR, Cho S, Seong BL, Ahn CW, Lee JM. The humoral immune response to the inactivated influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea. Diabet Med 2011; 28:815-7. [PMID: 21672004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the antibody response to a single-dose adjuvanted, inactivated, pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccination in patients with diabetes and assessed factors associated with the failure to induce antibody responses. METHODS Eighty-two patients with Type 2 diabetes were vaccinated and antibody responses were determined with haemagglutination inhibition assay and anti-haemagglutinin antibody ELISA. RESULTS Among 70 antibody-negative patients at baseline, 34 (48.6%) achieved seroconversion; 28 (60.9%) in the young adults group and six (25%) in the elderly group acquired H1N1-specific antibodies. Patients in the older age range or with longer duration of diabetes had a lower seroconversion rate. CONCLUSIONS Our data show low cross-reactive antibody carrying rate and low seroconversion rate in patients with diabetes. Until larger-scale, case-controlled trials become available, older patients and patients with a longer duration of diabetes should be considered for the two-dose vaccination or have antibody titres measured after the first vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Ryu K, Kim KH, Yoo SY, Lee EY, Lim KH, Min MK, Kim H, Choi SI, Seong BL. Production and characterization of active hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 71:147-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Although accumulating evidence has revealed that most proteins can fold without the assistance of molecular chaperones, little attention has been paid to other types of chaperoning macromolecules. A variety of proteins interact with diverse RNA molecules in vivo, suggesting a potential role of RNAs for folding of their interacting proteins. Here we show that the in vitro refolding of a representative molecular chaperone, DnaK, an Escherichia coli homolog of Hsp70, could be assisted by its interacting 5S rRNA. The folding enhancement occurred in RNA concentration and its size dependent manner whereas neither the RNA with the reverse sequence of 5S rRNA nor the RNase pretreated 5S rRNA stimulated the folding in vitro. Based on our results, we propose that 5S rRNA could exert the chaperoning activity on DnaK during the folding process. The results suggest an interesting possibility that the folding of RNA-interacting proteins could be assisted by their cognate RNA ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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29
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Uhm HS, Lee KH, Seong BL. Inactivation of H 1 N 1 viruses exposed to acidic ozone water. Appl Phys Lett 2009; 95:173704. [PMID: 32255814 PMCID: PMC7112445 DOI: 10.1063/1.3242338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of H 1 N 1 viruses upon exposure to acidic ozone water was investigated using chicken allantoic fluids of different dilutions, p H values, and initial ozone concentrations. The inactivation effect of the acidic ozone water was found to be stronger than the inactivation effect of the ozone water combined with the degree of acidity, indicating a synergic effect of acidity on ozone decay in water. It is also shown that acidic ozone water with a p H value of 4 or less is very effective means of virus inactivation if provided in conjunction with an ozone concentration of 20 mg/l or higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han S Uhm
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, San 5 Wonchon-Dong, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang H Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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30
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Abstract
Traditionally the principles of protein folding in vivo have been obtained largely from molecular chaperone studies. Through extensive studies on molecular chaperones, it becomes clear that most proteins can fold without their assistance in vivo, suggesting the existence of other chaperone types and mechanisms. Since all nascent polypeptides are linked to the ribosomes, protein folding in vivo should be understood in the context of vectorial protein synthesis and linkage of nascent chains to ribosome whose major components and basic structural frames are RNAs. Here we introduce a novel RNA-mediated chaperone type and a possible molecular basis for how RNAs can exert chaperoning effect on their linked aggregation-prone polypeptides. Extending potential chaperoning role of ribosome on the bound nascent polypeptide in a cis-acting manner, the findings further suggest a novel function of RNA molecules for protein folding inside cells. RNA interaction-mediated stabilization of folding intermediate against aggregation provides new insights into de novo protein folding in vivo and further extends the functional diversity of RNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Il Choi
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Ryu K, Kim CW, Kim BH, Han KS, Kim KH, Choi SI, Seong BL. Assessment of substrate-stabilizing factors for DnaK on the folding of aggregation-prone proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 373:74-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Choi SI, Han KS, Kim CW, Ryu KS, Kim BH, Kim KH, Kim SI, Kang TH, Shin HC, Lim KH, Kim HK, Hyun JM, Seong BL. Protein solubility and folding enhancement by interaction with RNA. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2677. [PMID: 18628952 PMCID: PMC2444022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While basic mechanisms of several major molecular chaperones are well understood, this machinery has been known to be involved in folding of only limited number of proteins inside the cells. Here, we report a chaperone type of protein folding facilitated by interaction with RNA. When an RNA-binding module is placed at the N-terminus of aggregation-prone target proteins, this module, upon binding with RNA, further promotes the solubility of passenger proteins, potentially leading to enhancement of proper protein folding. Studies on in vitro refolding in the presence of RNA, coexpression of RNA molecules in vivo and the mutants with impaired RNA binding ability suggests that RNA can exert chaperoning effect on their bound proteins. The results suggest that RNA binding could affect the overall kinetic network of protein folding pathway in favor of productive folding over off-pathway aggregation. In addition, the RNA binding-mediated solubility enhancement is extremely robust for increasing soluble yield of passenger proteins and could be usefully implemented for high-throughput protein expression for functional and structural genomic research initiatives. The RNA-mediated chaperone type presented here would give new insights into de novo folding in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Il Choi
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sim Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and Center for Diagnostic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Il Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hang-Cheol Shin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, and CAMDRC, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keo-Heun Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hyun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim CW, Han KS, Ryu KS, Kim BH, Kim KH, Choi SI, Seong BL. N-terminal domains of native multidomain proteins have the potential to assist de novo folding of their downstream domains in vivo by acting as solubility enhancers. Protein Sci 2007; 16:635-43. [PMID: 17384228 PMCID: PMC2203336 DOI: 10.1110/ps.062330907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of soluble partner to the N terminus of aggregation-prone polypeptide has been popularly used to overcome the formation of inclusion bodies in the E. coli cytosol. The chaperone-like functions of the upstream fusion partner in the artificial multidomain proteins could occur in de novo folding of native multidomain proteins. Here, we show that the N-terminal domains of three E. coli multidomain proteins such as lysyl-tRNA synthetase, threonyl-tRNA synthetase, and aconitase are potent solubility enhancers for various C-terminal heterologous proteins. The results suggest that the N-terminal domains could act as solubility enhancers for the folding of their authentic C-terminal domains in vivo. Tandem repeat of N-terminal domain or insertion of aspartic residues at the C terminus of the N-terminal domain also increased the solubility of fusion proteins, suggesting that the solubilizing ability correlates with the size and charge of N-terminal domains. The solubilizing ability of N-terminal domains would contribute to the autonomous folding of multidomain proteins in vivo, and based on these results, we propose a model of how N-terminal domains solubilize their downstream domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Woo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Kim DY, Kim KH, Kim ND, Lee KY, Han CK, Yoon JH, Moon SK, Lee SS, Seong BL. Design and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tubulin Inhibitors as Antimitotic Agents Using a Pharmacophore Binding Model with Tubulin. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5664-70. [PMID: 16970393 DOI: 10.1021/jm050761i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the structure has been elucidated for the binding of colchicine and podophyllotoxin as potent destabilizer for microtubule formation, very little is known about MDL-27048, a competitive inhibitor for colchicine and podophyllotoxin. The structural basis for the interaction of antimitotic agents with tubulin was investigated by molecular modeling, and we propose binding models for MDL-27048 against tubulin. The proposed model was not only consistent with previous competition experiment data between colchicine and MDL-27048, but further suggested an additional binding cavity on tubulin. Based on this finding from the proposed MDL-tubulin complex, we performed molecular design studies to identify new antimitotic agents. These new chalcone derivatives exerted growth inhibitory effects on all four human hepatoma and one renal epithelial cell lines tested and induced strong cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Furthermore, these compounds exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization in vitro. Therefore, we suggest that the validated MDL-27048 model would serve as a potent platform for designing new molecular entities for anticancer agents targeted to microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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35
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Kim K, Lee M, Park H, Kim JH, Kim S, Chung H, Choi K, Kim IS, Seong BL, Kwon IC. Cell-Permeable and Biocompatible Polymeric Nanoparticles for Apoptosis Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:3490-1. [PMID: 16536501 DOI: 10.1021/ja057712f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report for the first time cell-permeable and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles consisting of a polymer conjugated to a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (Cy5.5)-linked effector caspase-specific peptide. The close spatial proximity of the NIR fluorochromes in polymeric nanoparticles results in an autoquenched state, but polymer nanoparticles give rise to strong NIR fluorescence signal under apoptotic cells. Thus, the smart polymeric nanoparticle developed here is an attractive probe for real-time imaging of apoptosis in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangmeyung Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Haweolgog-Dong, Sungbook-Gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea
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36
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Lee KH, Seo SU, Song JM, Lee CM, Kim HA, Seong BL. Characterization of live influenza vaccine donor strain derived from cold-adaptation of X-31 virus. Vaccine 2005; 24:1966-74. [PMID: 16343703 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A human influenza A virus X-31 (high-yielding strain) was cold-adapted for possible future use as live attenuated vaccine. Mutant influenza viruses were selected during successive serial passage in embryonated hens' eggs at progressively lower sub-optimal temperature (30, 27 degrees C followed by 24 degrees C). The cold-passaged mutant exhibited both temperature-sensitivity (ts) and cold-adapted (ca) phenotypes. The pathogenicity and immunogenicity of X-31 ca virus were studied in mice following intranasal inoculation. The mice did not show clinical signs even at high titer infection. Immunization of mice with X-31 ca virus elicited high titers of neutralizing antibody and provided complete protection against homologous and heterologous virus challenges. To assess the genetic stability, the X-31 ca virus was passaged at 37 degrees C in MDCK cells or inoculated into mice. Revertant virus was not found in the lungs of any of the mice and the supernatants of the MDCK culture. We conclude that the X-31 ca candidate vaccine virus exhibits the desired level of attenuation, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy required for live attenuated vaccine and merits further evaluation at clinical level.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Body Weight
- Cell Line
- Chick Embryo
- Cold Temperature
- Dogs
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/growth & development
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza A virus/pathogenicity
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutralization Tests
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Phenotype
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Viral Plaque Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Sodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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Kim KH, Lee KH, Chang HY, Ahn SH, Tong S, Yoon YJ, Seong BL, Kim SI, Han KH. Evolution of hepatitis B virus sequence from a liver transplant recipient with rapid breakthrough despite hepatitis B immune globulin prophylaxis and lamivudine therapy. J Med Virol 2003; 71:367-75. [PMID: 12966541 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after liver transplantation can be prevented by prophylactic hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and lamivudine therapy. However, reinfection may still occur due to the emergence of immune escape mutants and mutants of the YMDD motif. The full spectrum of mutations within the HBV genome during recurrent HBV infection remains to be documented. In this study, serial HBV isolates were characterized from a patient with lamivudine resistance prior to liver transplantation who developed recurrent HBV infection within 2 months of transplantation despite a high dose of HBIG and lamivudine therapy. Sequence analysis of full-length viral genome before transplantation revealed many point mutations as compared with a wild-type genotype C sequence, including the T1753G/A1762T/G1764A triple mutation in the basal core promoter and the G1896A nonsense mutation in the precore region. After transplantation and therapy, several point mutations in the HBV genome emerged or became dominant. These mutations caused L426I/L526M/M550I triple mutation (equivalent to L428I/L528M/M552I in previous reports) in the polymerase, and D144E mutation in the "a" determinant of HBsAg. Transfection experiments revealed that the D144E mutation reduced HBsAg affinity to anti-HBs, confirming its active role for immune escape. Our study suggests that mutations in the HBsAg (D144E) and the polymerase (L426I/L526M/M550I) of HBV genome may be responsible for viral breakthrough despite HBIG prophylaxis and lamivudine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Institute of Gastroenterology, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, CPO Box 8044, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Despite its implication in the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated liver disease, the pro-apoptotic function of HBx protein remains poorly understood. We show that the expression of HBx leads to hyperactivation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 upon treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or anti-Fas antibody, and this activation is correlated with the sensitivity to apoptosis. We demonstrate cytoplasmic co-localization and direct interaction between HBx and the cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), a key regulator of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Deletion analysis shows that the death effector domain 1 (DED1) of c-FLIP is important for the observed interaction. Overexpression of c-FLIP rescued the cells from HBx-mediated apoptosis, with both the full-length HBV genome and HBx expression vectors. Moreover, c-FLIP and caspase-8 inhibitor considerably protected cells from HBx-mediated apoptosis. These data suggest that HBx abrogates the apoptosis-inhibitory function of c-FLIP and renders the cell hypersensitive towards the TNF-alpha apoptotic signal even below threshold concentration. This provides a novel mechanism for deregulation of hepatic cell growth in HBV patients and a new target for intervention in HBV-associated liver cancer and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Bioproducts Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Park KS, Ahn Y, Kim JA, Yun MS, Seong BL, Choi KY. Extracellular zinc stimulates ERK-dependent activation of p21(Cip/WAF1) and inhibits proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 137:597-607. [PMID: 12381673 PMCID: PMC1573531 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an important trace element in the body and is involved in both the proliferation and growth arrest of many kinds of cells including colorectal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanism of the growth regulation of colorectal cancer cells by extracellular zinc. Zinc-stimulated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade was measured by immunoblotting and Elk-1 dependent trans-reporter gene expression, and zinc-stimulated p21(Cip/WAF1) activation by immunoblotting, Northern blot analysis and immunochemistry. Cell proliferation was measured by thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. By treating colorectal cancer cells with 100 microM ZnCl2, MAPKs were activated in two different phases, the initial weak activation occurred within 5 min and this was followed by a stronger and more prolonged activation. Zinc concomitantly activated Raf-1-MEK-MAPK kinases, and induced Elk-1 dependent trans-reporter gene expression. Prolonged activation of MAPKs by 100 microM of ZnCl2 resulted in the induction and nuclear localization of p21(Cip/WAF1) and was related to the inhibition of both thymidine and BrdU incorporations. These results not only suggest the presence of a mechanism for p21(Cip/WAF1) dependent negative regulation of colorectal cancer cell growth by zinc but also suggest potential usage of zinc to control the growth of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Sook Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-754 Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongho Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ah Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-754 Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetic Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-754 Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-754 Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-754 Korea
- Author for correspondence:
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Lee KY, Chun E, Kim NY, Seong BL. Characterization of HLA-A2.1-restricted epitopes, conserved in both Hantaan and Sin Nombre viruses, in Hantaan virus-infected patients. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:1131-1136. [PMID: 11961268 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-5-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine different CTL epitopes, conserved in both Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV), were selected for study. The binding affinity of each peptide with HLA-A2.1 molecules in vitro was determined and antigen-specific responses from seven donors who had a previous field infection with HTNV were examined. Although the strength or frequency of CTL activity showed different patterns in the seven patients, five of seven patients showed significant activity against at least one or more epitope peptides. In particular, the peptide ILQDMRNTI (HTNV, aa 334-342; SNV, aa 333-341), which elicited CTL activity in five patients, was shown to be specifically HLA-A2.1-restricted in partially cloned CD8+ T cells and also induced activated and effector CD8+ T cell-producing T cytotoxic (Tc) type 1 cytokines, such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma. The results suggest that this epitope would serve as a useful component for the intervention of both HTNV and SNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea1
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- Mogam Biotech. Institute, 341 Pojung-ri, Koosung-myun, Yongin-city Kyonggi-do 449-910, South Korea2
| | - Na-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea1
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea1
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Lee KY, Chun E, Seong BL. Investigation of antigen delivery route in vivo and imune-boosting effects mediated by pH-sensitive liposomes encapsulated with K(b)-restricted CTL epitope. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 292:682-8. [PMID: 11922620 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated H-2K(b) CTL epitope (SIINFEKL) as a model system, we investigated the antigen delivery route by pH-sensitive liposomes in vivo. Fluorescence was initially detected in lymph nodes at 3 h after immunization, and its intensity reached a peak value in superticial inguinal lymph node at 9 h. No trace could be detected in spleen even with prolonged monitoring for up to 24 h. These results strongly suggest that the presentation of CTL-peptide antigen vehicled by pH-sensitive liposomes exclusively occurs in lymph nodes. In mice immunized with the H-2K(b) CTL epitope encapsulated pH-sensitive liposomes, peptide-specific CTL response was detected at day 3. The response was strongly augmented by the second immunization and persisted up to at least 45 days. These results suggest that pH-sensitive liposome formula functions as a potential adjuvant of peptide antigens and is useful for the induction of antigen specific CTLsv in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Bioproducts Research Center, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
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Abstract
Enteropeptidase (enterokinase) is a serine protease highly specific for recognition and cleavage of the target sequence of Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys (D4K). The three-dimensional structure of the enteropeptidase shows that the N-terminal amino acid is buried inside the protein providing molecular interactions necessary to maintain the conformation of the active site. To determine the influence of the N-terminal amino acid of enteropeptidase light chain (EK(L)) on the enzymatic activity, we constructed various mutants including 17 different single amino acid substitutions and three different extensions at the N-terminal end. The mutants of recombinant enteropeptidase (rEK(L)) were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and secreted into culture medium. Among 20 different mutants tested, the only mutant with the Ile --> Val substitution exhibited significant activity. The kinetic properties of the mutant protein were very similar to those of the wild-type rEK(L). Based on the three-dimensional structure where the N-terminal Ile is oriented into hydrophobic pocket, the results suggest that Val could substitute Ile without affecting the active conformation of the enzyme. The results also explain why all trypsin-like serine proteases carry either Ile or Val at the N-termini and none other amino acid residues are found. Moreover, this finding provides a mental framework for expressing the N-terminally engineered enteropeptidase in Escherichia coli, utilizing the known property of the methionine aminopeptidase that exhibits poor activity toward the N-terminal Met-Ile bond, but offers efficient cleavage of the Met-Val bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Song
- Protheon Incorporated, Yonsei Engineering Center B120E, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Choi SI, Song HW, Moon JW, Seong BL. Recombinant enterokinase light chain with affinity tag: expression from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its utilities in fusion protein technology. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 75:718-24. [PMID: 11745150 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enterokinase and recombinant enterokinase light chain (rEK(L)) have been used widely to cleave fusion proteins with the target sequence of (Asp)(4)-Lys. In this work, we show that their utility as a site-specific cleavage agent is compromised by sporadic cleavage at other sites, albeit at low levels. Further degradation of the fusion protein in cleavage reaction is due to an intrinsic broad specificity of the enzyme rather than to the presence of contaminating proteases. To offer facilitated purification from fermentation broth and efficient removal of rEK(L) after cleavage reaction, thus minimizing unwanted cleavage of target protein, histidine affinity tag was introduced into rEK(L). Utilizing the secretion enhancer peptide derived from the human interleukin 1 beta, the recombinant EK(L) was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and efficiently secreted into culture medium. The C-terminal His-tagged EK(L) was purified in a single-step procedure on nickel affinity chromatography. It retained full enzymatic activity similar to that of EK(L), whereas the N-terminal His-tagged EK(L) was neither efficiently purified nor had any enzymatic activity. After cleavage reaction of fusion protein, the C-terminal His-tagged EK(L) was efficiently removed from the reaction mixture by a single passage through nickel-NTA spin column. The simple affinity tag renders rEK(L) extremely useful for purification, post-cleavage removal, recovery, and recycling and will broaden the utility and the versatility of the enterokinase for the production of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Bioproducts Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Abstract
X-31(H3N2) virus, which is a high yielding reassortant between A/PR/8/34(H1N1) and A/Aichi/68(H3N2), is currently used as a backbone strain for influenza vaccine production. The sequence of the current X-31 virus was determined from cloned cDNA of 6 internal RNA genes, and was compared with the original sequence of the A/PR/8/34 virus. 71 point mutations were accumulated in the six internal viral genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M and NS). These nucleotide changes encode 23 amino acid substitutions in seven viral proteins (PB2, PB1, PA, M1, M2, NS1 and NS2). Among three polymerase genes, a significantly low mutation frequency was observed in PA gene as compared to PB2 and PB1. The mutation frequency at the nucleotide level was significantly low in NP gene without any amino acid substitution, being only about 20% of those observed in 5 other internal genes. The unequal distribution of mutations among different viral proteins may correlate with individual role of each protein in viral growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioproducts Research Center, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee KH, Seong BL. Current status for influenza control. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lee J, Choi SI, Jang JS, Jang K, Moon JW, Bae CS, Yang DS, Seong BL. Novel secretion system of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae using an N-terminus residue of human IL-1 beta as secretion enhancer. Biotechnol Prog 1999; 15:884-90. [PMID: 10514258 DOI: 10.1021/bp9900918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An N-terminus sequence of human interleukin 1beta (hIL-1beta) was used as a fusion expression partner for the production of two recombinant therapeutic proteins, human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) and human growth hormone (hGH), using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a host. The expression cassette comprised the leader sequence of killer toxin of Kluyveromyces lactis, the N-terminus 24 amino acids (Ser5-Ala28) of mature hIL-1beta, the KEX2 dibasic endopeptidase cleavage site, and the target protein (hG-CSF or hGH). The gene expression was controlled by the inducible UAS(gal)/MF-alpha1 promoter. With the expression vector above, both recombinant proteins were well secreted into culture medium with high secretion efficiencies, and especially, the recombinant hGH was accumulated up to around 1.3 g/L in the culture broth. This is due presumably to the significant role of fused hIL-1beta as secretion enhancer in the yeast secretory pathway. In our recent report, various immunoblotting analyses have shown that the presence of a core N-glycosylation resident in the hIL-1beta fragment is likely to be of crucial importance in the high-level secretion of hG-CSF from the recombinant S. cerevisiae. When the N-glycosylation was completely blocked with the addition of tunicamycin to the culture, the secretion of hG-CSF and hGH was decreased to a negligible level although the other host-derived proteins were well secreted to the culture broth regardless of the presence of tunicamycin. The N-terminal sequencing of the purified hG-CSF verified that the hIL-1beta fusion peptide was correctly removed by in vivo KEX2 protease upon the exit of fusion protein from Golgi complex. From the results presented in this article, it is strongly suggested that the N-terminus fusion of the hIL-1beta peptide could be utilized as a potent secretion enhancer in the expression systems designed for the secretory production of other heterologous proteins from S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Biochemical Process Engineering R.U., Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), P.O. Box 115, Yusong, Taejon 305-600, Korea
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Cheong HK, Cheong C, Lee YS, Seong BL, Choi BS. Structure of influenza virus panhandle RNA studied by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27:1392-7. [PMID: 9973631 PMCID: PMC148329 DOI: 10.1093/nar/27.5.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of a 34 nucleotide RNA molecule in solution, which contains the conserved panhandle sequences, was determined by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. The partially double-strandedpanhandle structure of the influenza virus RNA serves to regulate initiation and termination of viral transcription as well as polyadenylation. The panhandle RNA consists of internal loop flanked by short helices. The nucleotides at or near the internal loop are crucial for polymerase binding and transcriptional activity. They show more flexible conformational character than the Watson-Crick base-paired region, especially for the backbone torsion angles of alpha, gamma and delta. Although residues A10 and A12 are stacked in the helix, the phosphodiester backbones are distorted. Residues A12, A13 and G25 show dynamic sugar conformations and the backbone conformations of these nucleotides are flexible. This backbone conformation and its associated flexibility may be important for protein-RNA interactions as well as base-specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Cheong
- Magnetic Resonance Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Eoun-dong 52, Yusung-gu, Taejon 305-333, Korea.
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Abstract
The coadministration of cytokines can modulate immunity in DNA based viral vaccines. In order to determine the effects of various cytokines on long-term protection against the influenza virus, mice were intramuscularly coinoculated with plasmids that encoded either the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-12 (IL-12), or the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene, in the presence of two plasmids that encoded the nucleoprotein (NP) and the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza A virus. The coadministration of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 transiently enhanced antibody responses against influenza virus in early time points (4 to 7 week post immunization) after post inoculation. The expression of GMCSF gene resulted in the sustained elevation of antibody responses for at least 20 weeks post inoculation. However, NP-specific CTL responses decreased in these animals. Mice that received either the IL-12 or the IL-6 gene had enhanced NP-specific CTL responses. Remarkably, the coadministration of the IL-6 gene completely protected mice from a lethal challenge with influenza virus. Conversely, mice that received the IL-4 gene appeared to be more susceptible to lethal challenge than mice that were inoculated with the NP and the HA genes alone. These results demonstrate that the use of cytokines as molecular adjuvants when coadministered in influenza DNA vaccination must be specific. Our data also demonstrates that the coadministration of IL-6 should be considered to enhance the efficacy of influenza DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lee
- Department of Life Science, Center for Biofunctional Molecules, School of Environmental Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, South Korea
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Lee KH, Seong BL. The position 4 nucleotide at the 3' end of the influenza virus neuraminidase vRNA is involved in temporal regulation of transcription and replication of neuraminidase RNAs and affects the repertoire of influenza virus surface antigens. J Gen Virol 1998; 79 ( Pt 8):1923-34. [PMID: 9714240 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-79-8-1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the sequence motif conserved at the extreme ends of the influenza virus vRNAs, a unique natural variation, U or C, is observed at position 4 of the 3' end. To test the role of this nucleotide, two isogenic A/WSN/33 viruses, carrying either C4 or U4 nucleotide at the 3' end of the neuraminidase (NA) gene, were generated. Compared with the C4 virus, the U4 virus exhibited delayed synthesis of vRNA and stimulation of mRNA synthesis with prolonged accumulation in influenza virus-infected cells. The mRNA/ vRNA ratio was increased up to 20-fold by the C4 --> U4 substitution suggesting that the U4 nucleotide greatly stimulated transcription of the vRNA template. In isolated virion, the U4 virus had higher NA activity than the C4 virus. In MDBK cells, the U4 virus grew to lower haemagglutination (HA) titres but with higher infectivity than the C4 virus, with a corresponding increase in the ratio of p.f.u./HA units of about 10- to 40-fold. Western blot analysis of isolated virion showed that the ratio of two surface proteins, HA/NA, was greatly decreased in the U4 virus. This suggests that the position 4 nucleotide is a genetic determinant for the repertoire of surface antigens and their ratio could be changed without detrimental effects on virus growth. Results could be used to design genetically engineered influenza virus for vaccination. The observed down-regulation of transcription by C4 nucleotide is consistent with its potential role in segment-specific regulation of influenza virus gene expression, especially PB1, PB2 and PA proteins, during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lee
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Hanhyo Institutes of Technology, Taejeon, South Korea
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