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Megee F, Gough K, Frowen J, Dixon B, Magarey M, Wiesenfeld D, Ramakrishnan A. Predictors of distress associated with altered appearance and function in people treated surgically for oral cancers: a cross-sectional study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023:S0901-5027(23)00007-3. [PMID: 36739204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was performed to examine sources of variation in distress associated with altered appearance and fundamental functions in oral cancer patients at 2 months, 12-15 months, 24-36 months, and ≥ 5 years post-definitive treatment. Eligible patients completed six scales from the FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer Module. Pre-specified regression models were used to examine sources of variation in study outcomes for 145 patients. Patient self-reports indicated that distress associated with altered appearance and fundamental functions was highly variable, and distress was present beyond 5 years post-definitive treatment in some patients. Associations between distress scores and time post-definitive treatment, reconstructive surgery, and adjuvant therapy were not statistically significant. There was, however, moderate to strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no association between eating distress scores and sex, primary cancer site, and T-stage; smiling distress scores and age and primary cancer site; appearance distress scores and geographical remoteness and primary cancer site; and speaking distress scores and primary cancer site. Primary cancer site was the only significant independent predictor of multiple distress scores. These findings suggest that predicting the psychological impact of oral cancer treatment remains a challenge for the multidisciplinary team. Screening and interventions for psychological distress are essential beyond the preoperative and acute care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Megee
- Speech Pathology and Audiology Department, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - K Gough
- Department of Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Frowen
- Nutrition and Speech Pathology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Dixon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Magarey
- Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Education, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Wiesenfeld
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Head and Neck Tumour Stream, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Ramakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Bakouny Z, Labaki C, Grover P, Awosika J, Gulati S, Hsu CY, Alimohamed SI, Bashir B, Berg S, Bilen MA, Bowles D, Castellano C, Desai A, Elkrief A, Eton OE, Fecher LA, Flora D, Galsky MD, Gatti-Mays ME, Gesenhues A, Glover MJ, Gopalakrishnan D, Gupta S, Halfdanarson TR, Hayes-Lattin B, Hendawi M, Hsu E, Hwang C, Jandarov R, Jani C, Johnson DB, Joshi M, Khan H, Khan SA, Knox N, Koshkin VS, Kulkarni AA, Kwon DH, Matar S, McKay RR, Mishra S, Moria FA, Nizam A, Nock NL, Nonato TK, Panasci J, Pomerantz L, Portuguese AJ, Provenzano D, Puc M, Rao YJ, Rhodes TD, Riely GJ, Ripp JJ, Rivera AV, Ruiz-Garcia E, Schmidt AL, Schoenfeld AJ, Schwartz GK, Shah SA, Shaya J, Subbiah S, Tachiki LM, Tucker MD, Valdez-Reyes M, Weissmann LB, Wotman MT, Wulff-Burchfield EM, Xie Z, Yang YJ, Thompson MA, Shah DP, Warner JL, Shyr Y, Choueiri TK, Wise-Draper TM, Gandhi R, Gartrell BA, Goel S, Halmos B, Makower DF, O' Sullivan D, Ohri N, Portes M, Shapiro LC, Shastri A, Sica RA, Verma AK, Butt O, Campian JL, Fiala MA, Henderson JP, Monahan RS, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Zhou AY, Bitran JD, Hallmeyer S, Mundt D, Pandravada S, Papaioannou PV, Patel M, Streckfuss M, Tadesse E, Gatson NTN, Kundranda MN, Lammers PE, Loree JM, Yu IS, Bindal P, Lam B, Peters MLB, Piper-Vallillo AJ, Egan PC, Farmakiotis D, Arvanitis P, Klein EJ, Olszewski AJ, Vieira K, Angevine AH, Bar MH, Del Prete SA, Fiebach MZ, Gulati AP, Hatton E, Houston K, Rose SJ, Steve Lo KM, Stratton J, Weinstein PL, Garcia JA, Routy B, Hoyo-Ulloa I, Dawsey SJ, Lemmon CA, Pennell NA, Sharifi N, Painter CA, Granada C, Hoppenot C, Li A, Bitterman DS, Connors JM, Demetri GD, Florez (Duma) N, Freeman DA, Giordano A, Morgans AK, Nohria A, Saliby RM, Tolaney SM, Van Allen EM, Xu WV, Zon RL, Halabi S, Zhang T, Dzimitrowicz H, Leighton JC, Graber JJ, Grivas P, Hawley JE, Loggers ET, Lyman GH, Lynch RC, Nakasone ES, Schweizer MT, Vinayak S, Wagner MJ, Yeh A, Dansoa Y, Makary M, Manikowski JJ, Vadakara J, Yossef K, Beckerman J, Goyal S, Messing I, Rosenstein LJ, Steffes DR, Alsamarai S, Clement JM, Cosin JA, Daher A, Dailey ME, Elias R, Fein JA, Hosmer W, Jayaraj A, Mather J, Menendez AG, Nadkarni R, Serrano OK, Yu PP, Balanchivadze N, Gadgeel SM, Accordino MK, Bhutani D, Bodin BE, Hershman DL, Masson C, Alexander M, Mushtaq S, Reuben DY, Bernicker EH, Deeken JF, Jeffords KJ, Shafer D, Cárdenas AI, Cuervo Campos R, De-la-Rosa-Martinez D, Ramirez A, Vilar-Compte D, Gill DM, Lewis MA, Low CA, Jones MM, Mansoor AH, Mashru SH, Werner MA, Cohen AM, McWeeney S, Nemecek ER, Williamson SP, Peters S, Smith SJ, Lewis GC, Zaren HA, Akhtari M, Castillo DR, Cortez K, Lau E, Nagaraj G, Park K, Reeves ME, O'Connor TE, Altman J, Gurley M, Mulcahy MF, Wehbe FH, Durbin EB, Nelson HH, Ramesh V, Sachs Z, Wilson G, Bardia A, Boland G, Gainor JF, Peppercorn J, Reynolds KL, Rosovsky RP, Zubiri L, Bekaii-Saab TS, Joyner MJ, Riaz IB, Senefeld JW, Shah S, Ayre SK, Bonnen M, Mahadevan D, McKeown C, Mesa RA, Ramirez AG, Salazar M, Shah PK, Wang CP, Bouganim N, Papenburg J, Sabbah A, Tagalakis V, Vinh DC, Nanchal R, Singh H, Bahadur N, Bao T, Belenkaya R, Nambiar PH, O’Cearbhaill RE, Papadopoulos EB, Philip J, Robson M, Rosenberg JE, Wilkins CR, Tamimi R, Cerrone K, Dill J, Faller BA, Alomar ME, Chandrasekhar SA, Hume EC, Islam JY, Ajmera A, Brouha SS, Cabal A, Choi S, Hsiao A, Jiang JY, Kligerman S, Park J, Razavi P, Reid EG, Bhatt PS, Mariano MG, Thomson CC, Glace M(G, Knoble JL, Rink C, Zacks R, Blau SH, Brown C, Cantrell AS, Namburi S, Polimera HV, Rovito MA, Edwin N, Herz K, Kennecke HF, Monfared A, Sautter RR, Cronin T, Elshoury A, Fleissner B, Griffiths EA, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri F, Jain P, Kariapper A, Levine E, Moffitt M, O'Connor TL, Smith LJ, Wicher CP, Zsiros E, Jabbour SK, Misdary CF, Shah MR, Batist G, Cook E, Ferrario C, Lau S, Miller WH, Rudski L, Santos Dutra M, Wilchesky M, Mahmood SZ, McNair C, Mico V, Dixon B, Kloecker G, Logan BB, Mandapakala C, Cabebe EC, Jha A, Khaki AR, Nagpal S, Schapira L, Wu JTY, Whaley D, Lopes GDL, de Cardenas K, Russell K, Stith B, Taylor S, Klamerus JF, Revankar SG, Addison D, Chen JL, Haynam M, Jhawar SR, Karivedu V, Palmer JD, Pillainayagam C, Stover DG, Wall S, Williams NO, Abbasi SH, Annis S, Balmaceda NB, Greenland S, Kasi A, Rock CD, Luders M, Smits M, Weiss M, Chism DD, Owenby S, Ang C, Doroshow DB, Metzger M, Berenberg J, Uyehara C, Fazio A, Huber KE, Lashley LN, Sueyoshi MH, Patel KG, Riess J, Borno HT, Small EJ, Zhang S, Andermann TM, Jensen CE, Rubinstein SM, Wood WA, Ahmad SA, Brownfield L, Heilman H, Kharofa J, Latif T, Marcum M, Shaikh HG, Sohal DPS, Abidi M, Geiger CL, Markham MJ, Russ AD, Saker H, Acoba JD, Choi H, Rho YS, Feldman LE, Gantt G, Hoskins KF, Khan M, Liu LC, Nguyen RH, Pasquinelli MM, Schwartz C, Venepalli NK, Vikas P, Zakharia Y, Friese CR, Boldt A, Gonzalez CJ, Su C, Su CT, Yoon JJ, Bijjula R, Mavromatis BH, Seletyn ME, Wood BR, Zaman QU, Kaklamani V, Beeghly A, Brown AJ, Charles LJ, Cheng A, Crispens MA, Croessmann S, Davis EJ, Ding T, Duda SN, Enriquez KT, French B, Gillaspie EA, Hausrath DJ, Hennessy C, Lewis JT, Li X(L, Prescott LS, Reid SA, Saif S, Slosky DA, Solorzano CC, Sun T, Vega-Luna K, Wang LL, Aboulafia DM, Carducci TM, Goldsmith KJ, Van Loon S, Topaloglu U, Moore J, Rice RL, Cabalona WD, Cyr S, Barrow McCollough B, Peddi P, Rosen LR, Ravindranathan D, Hafez N, Herbst RS, LoRusso P, Lustberg MB, Masters T, Stratton C. Interplay of Immunosuppression and Immunotherapy Among Patients With Cancer and COVID-19. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:128-134. [PMID: 36326731 PMCID: PMC9634600 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Importance Cytokine storm due to COVID-19 can cause high morbidity and mortality and may be more common in patients with cancer treated with immunotherapy (IO) due to immune system activation. Objective To determine the association of baseline immunosuppression and/or IO-based therapies with COVID-19 severity and cytokine storm in patients with cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This registry-based retrospective cohort study included 12 046 patients reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) registry from March 2020 to May 2022. The CCC19 registry is a centralized international multi-institutional registry of patients with COVID-19 with a current or past diagnosis of cancer. Records analyzed included patients with active or previous cancer who had a laboratory-confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction and/or serologic findings. Exposures Immunosuppression due to therapy; systemic anticancer therapy (IO or non-IO). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a 5-level ordinal scale of COVID-19 severity: no complications; hospitalized without requiring oxygen; hospitalized and required oxygen; intensive care unit admission and/or mechanical ventilation; death. The secondary outcome was the occurrence of cytokine storm. Results The median age of the entire cohort was 65 years (interquartile range [IQR], 54-74) years and 6359 patients were female (52.8%) and 6598 (54.8%) were non-Hispanic White. A total of 599 (5.0%) patients received IO, whereas 4327 (35.9%) received non-IO systemic anticancer therapies, and 7120 (59.1%) did not receive any antineoplastic regimen within 3 months prior to COVID-19 diagnosis. Although no difference in COVID-19 severity and cytokine storm was found in the IO group compared with the untreated group in the total cohort (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.56-1.13, and aOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.41-1.93, respectively), patients with baseline immunosuppression treated with IO (vs untreated) had worse COVID-19 severity and cytokine storm (aOR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.38-8.01, and aOR, 4.41; 95% CI, 1.71-11.38, respectively). Patients with immunosuppression receiving non-IO therapies (vs untreated) also had worse COVID-19 severity (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.36-2.35) and cytokine storm (aOR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.42-3.79). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found that in patients with cancer and COVID-19, administration of systemic anticancer therapies, especially IO, in the context of baseline immunosuppression was associated with severe clinical outcomes and the development of cytokine storm. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04354701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Bakouny
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chris Labaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Punita Grover
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joy Awosika
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shuchi Gulati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chih-Yuan Hsu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Saif I Alimohamed
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Babar Bashir
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Mehmet A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Aakash Desai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Arielle Elkrief
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Omar E Eton
- Hartford Healthcare Cancer Institute, Hartford, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohamed Hendawi
- Aurora Cancer Center, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Emily Hsu
- Hartford Healthcare Cancer Institute, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Clara Hwang
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roman Jandarov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | - Monika Joshi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Hina Khan
- Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shaheer A Khan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Natalie Knox
- Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Vadim S Koshkin
- UCSF, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco
| | | | - Daniel H Kwon
- UCSF, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco
| | - Sara Matar
- Hollings Cancer Center, MUSC, Charleston
| | - Rana R McKay
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Feras A Moria
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Nora L Nock
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Justin Panasci
- Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuan J Rao
- George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Jacob J Ripp
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Andrea V Rivera
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Andrew L Schmidt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gary K Schwartz
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Justin Shaya
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, California
| | - Suki Subbiah
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lisa M Tachiki
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhuoer Xie
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Michael A Thompson
- Aurora Cancer Center, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Tempus Labs, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dimpy P Shah
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Yu Shyr
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trisha M Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Omar Butt
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ang Li
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Lau
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | - Kyu Park
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Bao
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ji Park
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erin Cook
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | - Susie Lau
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anup Kasi
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li C Liu
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris Su
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tan Ding
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Saif
- for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
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Elkrief A, Hennessy C, Kuderer NM, Rubinstein SM, Wulff-Burchfield E, Rosovsky RP, Vega-Luna K, Thompson MA, Panagiotou OA, Desai A, Rivera DR, Khaki AR, Tachiki L, Lynch RC, Stratton C, Elias R, Batist G, Kasi A, Shah DP, Bakouny Z, Cabal A, Clement J, Crowell J, Dixon B, Friese CR, Fry SL, Grover P, Gulati S, Gupta S, Hwang C, Khan H, Kim SJ, Klein EJ, Labaki C, McKay RR, Nizam A, Pennell NA, Puc M, Schmidt AL, Shahrokni A, Shaya JA, Su CT, Wall S, Williams N, Wise-Draper TM, Mishra S, Grivas P, French B, Warner JL, Wildes TM. Geriatric risk factors for serious COVID-19 outcomes among older adults with cancer: a cohort study from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium. Lancet Healthy Longev 2022; 3:e143-e152. [PMID: 35187516 PMCID: PMC8843069 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older age is associated with poorer outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, although the heterogeneity of ageing results in some older adults being at greater risk than others. The objective of this study was to quantify the association of a novel geriatric risk index, comprising age, modified Charlson comorbidity index, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, with COVID-19 severity and 30-day mortality among older adults with cancer. METHODS In this cohort study, we enrolled patients aged 60 years and older with a current or previous cancer diagnosis (excluding those with non-invasive cancers and premalignant or non-malignant conditions) and a current or previous laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) multinational, multicentre, registry between March 17, 2020, and June 6, 2021. Patients were also excluded for unknown age, missing data resulting in unknown geriatric risk measure, inadequate data quality, or incomplete follow-up resulting in unknown COVID-19 severity. The exposure of interest was the CCC19 geriatric risk index. The primary outcome was COVID-19 severity and the secondary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality; both were assessed in the full dataset. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were estimated from ordinal and binary logistic regression models. FINDINGS 5671 patients with cancer and COVID-19 were included in the analysis. Median follow-up time was 56 days (IQR 22-120), and median age was 72 years (IQR 66-79). The CCC19 geriatric risk index identified 2365 (41·7%) patients as standard risk, 2217 (39·1%) patients as intermediate risk, and 1089 (19·2%) as high risk. 36 (0·6%) patients were excluded due to non-calculable geriatric risk index. Compared with standard-risk patients, high-risk patients had significantly higher COVID-19 severity (adjusted OR 7·24; 95% CI 6·20-8·45). 920 (16·2%) of 5671 patients died within 30 days of a COVID-19 diagnosis, including 161 (6·8%) of 2365 standard-risk patients, 409 (18·5%) of 2217 intermediate-risk patients, and 350 (32·1%) of 1089 high-risk patients. High-risk patients had higher adjusted odds of 30-day mortality (adjusted OR 10·7; 95% CI 8·54-13·5) than standard-risk patients. INTERPRETATION The CCC19 geriatric risk index was strongly associated with COVID-19 severity and 30-day mortality. Our CCC19 geriatric risk index, based on readily available clinical factors, might provide clinicians with an easy-to-use risk stratification method to identify older adults most at risk for severe COVID-19 as well as mortality. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Cancer Center.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Orestis A Panagiotou
- Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Tachiki
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan C Lynch
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Stratton
- Yale Cancer Center at Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rawad Elias
- Hartford Healthcare Cancer Institute, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Gerald Batist
- Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anup Kasi
- The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dimpy P Shah
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Angelo Cabal
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacy L Fry
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Punita Grover
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shuchi Gulati
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Clara Hwang
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hina Khan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Klein
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Rana R McKay
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Nizam
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Justin A Shaya
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Wall
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Sanjay Mishra
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Petros Grivas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
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Grivas P, Khaki AR, Wise-Draper TM, French B, Hennessy C, Hsu CY, Shyr Y, Li X, Choueiri TK, Painter CA, Peters S, Rini BI, Thompson MA, Mishra S, Rivera DR, Acoba JD, Abidi MZ, Bakouny Z, Bashir B, Bekaii-Saab T, Berg S, Bernicker EH, Bilen MA, Bindal P, Bishnoi R, Bouganim N, Bowles DW, Cabal A, Caimi PF, Chism DD, Crowell J, Curran C, Desai A, Dixon B, Doroshow DB, Durbin EB, Elkrief A, Farmakiotis D, Fazio A, Fecher LA, Flora DB, Friese CR, Fu J, Gadgeel SM, Galsky MD, Gill DM, Glover MJ, Goyal S, Grover P, Gulati S, Gupta S, Halabi S, Halfdanarson TR, Halmos B, Hausrath DJ, Hawley JE, Hsu E, Huynh-Le M, Hwang C, Jani C, Jayaraj A, Johnson DB, Kasi A, Khan H, Koshkin VS, Kuderer NM, Kwon DH, Lammers PE, Li A, Loaiza-Bonilla A, Low CA, Lustberg MB, Lyman GH, McKay RR, McNair C, Menon H, Mesa RA, Mico V, Mundt D, Nagaraj G, Nakasone ES, Nakayama J, Nizam A, Nock NL, Park C, Patel JM, Patel KG, Peddi P, Pennell NA, Piper-Vallillo AJ, Puc M, Ravindranathan D, Reeves ME, Reuben DY, Rosenstein L, Rosovsky RP, Rubinstein SM, Salazar M, Schmidt AL, Schwartz GK, Shah MR, Shah SA, Shah C, Shaya JA, Singh SRK, Smits M, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Stover DG, Streckfuss M, Subbiah S, Tachiki L, Tadesse E, Thakkar A, Tucker MD, Verma AK, Vinh DC, Weiss M, Wu JT, Wulff-Burchfield E, Xie Z, Yu PP, Zhang T, Zhou AY, Zhu H, Zubiri L, Shah DP, Warner JL, Lopes G. Association of clinical factors and recent anticancer therapy with COVID-19 severity among patients with cancer: a report from the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:787-800. [PMID: 33746047 PMCID: PMC7972830 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer may be at high risk of adverse outcomes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We analyzed a cohort of patients with cancer and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) to identify prognostic clinical factors, including laboratory measurements and anticancer therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with active or historical cancer and a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis recorded between 17 March and 18 November 2020 were included. The primary outcome was COVID-19 severity measured on an ordinal scale (uncomplicated, hospitalized, admitted to intensive care unit, mechanically ventilated, died within 30 days). Multivariable regression models included demographics, cancer status, anticancer therapy and timing, COVID-19-directed therapies, and laboratory measurements (among hospitalized patients). RESULTS A total of 4966 patients were included (median age 66 years, 51% female, 50% non-Hispanic white); 2872 (58%) were hospitalized and 695 (14%) died; 61% had cancer that was present, diagnosed, or treated within the year prior to COVID-19 diagnosis. Older age, male sex, obesity, cardiovascular and pulmonary comorbidities, renal disease, diabetes mellitus, non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, recent cytotoxic chemotherapy, and hematologic malignancy were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Among hospitalized patients, low or high absolute lymphocyte count; high absolute neutrophil count; low platelet count; abnormal creatinine; troponin; lactate dehydrogenase; and C-reactive protein were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Patients diagnosed early in the COVID-19 pandemic (January-April 2020) had worse outcomes than those diagnosed later. Specific anticancer therapies (e.g. R-CHOP, platinum combined with etoposide, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors) were associated with high 30-day all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Clinical factors (e.g. older age, hematological malignancy, recent chemotherapy) and laboratory measurements were associated with poor outcomes among patients with cancer and COVID-19. Although further studies are needed, caution may be required in utilizing particular anticancer therapies. CLINICAL TRIAL IDENTIFIER NCT04354701.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grivas
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA.
| | - A R Khaki
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA; Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - B French
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - C Hennessy
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - C-Y Hsu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Y Shyr
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - X Li
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | | | - C A Painter
- Broad Institute, Cancer Program, Cambridge, USA
| | - S Peters
- Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B I Rini
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | | | - S Mishra
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - D R Rivera
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - J D Acoba
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - M Z Abidi
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Z Bakouny
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - B Bashir
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - S Berg
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA
| | | | - M A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - P Bindal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - R Bishnoi
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - N Bouganim
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - D W Bowles
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - A Cabal
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - P F Caimi
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - D D Chism
- Thompson Cancer Survival Center, Knoxville, USA
| | - J Crowell
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - C Curran
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - A Desai
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, USA
| | - B Dixon
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - D B Doroshow
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - E B Durbin
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - A Elkrief
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - D Farmakiotis
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - A Fazio
- Tufts Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston and Stoneham, USA
| | - L A Fecher
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - D B Flora
- St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Edgewood, USA
| | - C R Friese
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - J Fu
- Tufts Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston and Stoneham, USA
| | - S M Gadgeel
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - M D Galsky
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - D M Gill
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - S Goyal
- George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - P Grover
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - S Gulati
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | | | | | - B Halmos
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - D J Hausrath
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - J E Hawley
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - E Hsu
- Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, USA; University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA
| | - M Huynh-Le
- George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - C Hwang
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - C Jani
- Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - D B Johnson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - A Kasi
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - H Khan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - V S Koshkin
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - N M Kuderer
- Advanced Cancer Research Group, LLC, Kirkland, USA
| | - D H Kwon
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - A Li
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | | | - C A Low
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - G H Lyman
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - R R McKay
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - C McNair
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - H Menon
- Penn State Health/Penn State Cancer Institute/St. Joseph Cancer Center, Hershey, USA
| | - R A Mesa
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | - V Mico
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - D Mundt
- Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, USA
| | - G Nagaraj
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, USA
| | - E S Nakasone
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - J Nakayama
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - A Nizam
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | - N L Nock
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - C Park
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - J M Patel
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - K G Patel
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA
| | - P Peddi
- Willis-Knighton Cancer Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - N A Pennell
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, USA
| | | | - M Puc
- Virtua Health, Marlton, USA
| | | | - M E Reeves
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, USA
| | - D Y Reuben
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | | | - R P Rosovsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - M Salazar
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - G K Schwartz
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - M R Shah
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
| | - S A Shah
- Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - C Shah
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - J A Shaya
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA
| | - S R K Singh
- Henry Ford Cancer Institute/Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
| | - M Smits
- ThedaCare Regional Cancer Center, Appleton, USA
| | | | - D G Stover
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | | | - S Subbiah
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - L Tachiki
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - E Tadesse
- Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, USA
| | - A Thakkar
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - M D Tucker
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - A K Verma
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, USA
| | - D C Vinh
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Weiss
- ThedaCare Regional Cancer Center, Appleton, USA
| | - J T Wu
- Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Z Xie
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, USA
| | - P P Yu
- Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - A Y Zhou
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - L Zubiri
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - D P Shah
- Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, USA
| | - J L Warner
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - GdL Lopes
- University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, USA
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Dixon B, Hoffman E, Feng B, Davidson E, Hays R, Worrall A, Hansen J, Fei T, Hiruta H, Peterson-Droogh J, Ganda F, Betzler B, Kim T, Taiwo T. Reassessing methods to close the nuclear fuel cycle. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2020.107652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Messnick R, Evert L, Dixon B, Everse C, Manthei M, Rakus A, Trent-Brown S, Gall AJ. 0330 Sleep Hygiene in Preschoolers: Assessing Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Preschoolers’ Readiness to Learn. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Sleep is crucial during early development to promote health, education, growth, and quality of life. Insufficient sleep is a public health problem, and this is clearly true for young children. The National Institutes of Health reported that preschoolers need 11-12 hours of sleep daily. We hypothesized that more physically active children would experience better sleep quality which would be associated with higher scores on cognitive and socioemotional measures. We also hypothesized that increased parental awareness of their child’s sleep patterns would predict more successful sleep health indicators in their children, leading to positive impact on preschoolers’ readiness to learn.
Methods
82 preschoolers (ages 3-5) completed memory tests, a sleep hygiene scale, and a socioemotional assessment. Following initial cognitive and socioemotional testing, Fitbit devices collected activity and sleep measures for 12 weeks. Additionally, parents recorded bedtimes, wake times, total sleep time, naps, and activity levels in daily sleep journals. We assessed the association between physical activity and sleep quality, bedtime, wake time, memory, sleep hygiene, and socioemotional measures.
Results
Physical activity was positively associated with better sleep habits, including earlier bedtimes, earlier wake times, more consistent sleep-wake patterns, socioemotional scores, and working memory capacity. Higher child and parent sleep hygiene scales were associated with more consistent bedtimes. On average, the 82 preschoolers tested fell short of the recommended 11-12 hours of sleep per night.
Conclusion
Greater child and parent awareness of practicing good sleep hygiene increased the likelihood for the child to practice better sleep habits. Since physical activity was positively associated with sleep health measures, it is critical that parents and teachers prioritize sleep and activity in young children. Results of this study provide greater knowledge regarding associations between sleep, physical activity, and biopsychosocial outcomes that may be useful in implementing better education for parents and children geared toward improving sleep.
Support
This research was generously supported by the Caplan Foundation for Early Childhood and the Hope College Psychology Department.
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Haworth M, McEwen M, Dixon B, Purcell SL. Anaphylaxis associated with intravenous administration of alphaxalone in a dog. Aust Vet J 2019; 97:197-201. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Haworth
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of Queensland Gatton Queensland 4343 Australia
| | - M McEwen
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of Queensland Gatton Queensland 4343 Australia
| | - B Dixon
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of Queensland Gatton Queensland 4343 Australia
| | - SL Purcell
- Veterinary Medical CentreUniversity of Queensland School of Veterinary Science Gatton Queensland Australia
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8
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Semple SL, Vo NTK, Poynter SJ, Li M, Heath DD, DeWitte-Orr SJ, Dixon B. Extracellular dsRNA induces a type I interferon response mediated via class A scavenger receptors in a novel Chinook salmon derived spleen cell line. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 89:93-101. [PMID: 30118734 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite increased global interest in Chinook salmon aquaculture, little is known of their viral immune defenses. This study describes the establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line derived from Chinook salmon spleen, CHSS, and its use in innate immune studies. Optimal growth was seen at 14-18 °C when grown in Leibovitz's L-15 media with 20% fetal bovine serum. DNA analyses confirmed that CHSS was Chinook salmon and genetically different from the only other available Chinook salmon cell line, CHSE-214. Unlike CHSE-214, CHSS could bind extracellular dsRNA, resulting in the rapid and robust expression of antiviral genes. Receptor/ligand blocking assays confirmed that class A scavenger receptors (SR-A) facilitated dsRNA binding and subsequent gene expression. Although both cell lines expressed three SR-A genes: SCARA3, SCARA4, and SCARA5, only CHSS appeared to have functional cell-surface SR-As for dsRNA. Collectively, CHSS is an excellent cell model to study dsRNA-mediated innate immunity in Chinook salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Semple
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - N T K Vo
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - S J Poynter
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M Li
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - D D Heath
- Great Lakes Institute of Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 2990 Riverside Drive, West Windsor, Ontario, N9C 1A2, Canada
| | - S J DeWitte-Orr
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - B Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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9
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Semple SL, Vo NTK, Li AR, Pham PH, Bols NC, Dixon B. Development and use of an Arctic charr cell line to study antiviral responses at extremely low temperatures. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1423-1439. [PMID: 28261806 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) are the northernmost distributed freshwater fish and can grow at water temperatures as low as 0.2 °C. Other teleost species have impaired immune function at temperatures that Arctic charr thrive in, and thus, charr may maintain immune function at these temperatures. In this study, a fibroblastic cell line, named ACBA, derived from the bulbus arteriosus (BA) of Arctic charr was developed for use in immune studies at various temperatures. ACBA has undergone more than forty passages at 18 °C over 3 years, while showing no signs of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and producing nitric oxide. Remarkably, ACBA cells survived and maintained some mitotic activity even at 1 °C for over 3 months. At these low temperatures, ACBA also continued to produce MH class I proteins. After challenge with poly I:C, only antiviral Mx proteins were induced while MH proteins remained constant. When exposed to live viruses, ACBA was shown to permit viral infection and replication of IPNV, VHSV IVa and CSV at 14 °C. Yet at the preferred temperature of 4 °C, only VHSV IVa was shown to replicate within ACBA. This study provides evidence that Arctic charr cells can maintain immune function while also resisting infection with intracellular pathogens at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Semple
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - N T K Vo
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - A R Li
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - P H Pham
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - N C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - B Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Al-Hussinee L, Pham PH, Russell S, Tubbs L, Tafalla C, Bols NC, Dixon B, Lumsden JS. Temporary protection of rainbow trout gill epithelial cells from infection with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus IVb. J Fish Dis 2016; 39:1099-1112. [PMID: 26850791 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The branchial epithelium is not only a primary route of entry for viral pathogens, but is also a site of viral replication and subsequent shedding may also occur from the gill epithelium. This study investigated the potential of agents known to stimulate innate immunity to protect rainbow trout epithelial cells (RTgill-W1) from infection with VHSV IVb. RTgill-W1 cells were pretreated with poly I:C, FuGENE(®) HD + poly I:C, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + poly I:C or heat-killed VHSV IVb and then infected with VHSV IVb 4 days later. Cytopathic effect (CPE) was determined at 2, 3, 4, 7 and 11 days post-infection. Virus in cells and supernatant was detected using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). All of the treatments delayed the onset of CPE (per cent of monolayer destruction), compared with untreated controls; however, killed VHSV or poly I:C combined with LPS was the most effective. Similarly, the detection of viral RNA in the supernatant was delayed, and the quantity was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by all treatments with the exception of LPS alone (4 days). Unlike many of the other treatments, pretreatment of RTgill-W1 with heat-killed VHSV did not upregulate interferon 1, 2 or MX 1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Al-Hussinee
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - P H Pham
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - S Russell
- Novartis Animal Health Inc., Victoria, PEI, Canada
| | - L Tubbs
- Novartis Animal Health Inc., Victoria, PEI, Canada
| | - C Tafalla
- Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - N C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - B Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J S Lumsden
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Feng B, Dixon B, Sunny E, Cuadra A, Jacobson J, Brown N, Powers J, Worrall A, Passerini S, Gregg R. Standardized verification of fuel cycle modeling. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dixon B, Smith R, Santamaria JD, Orford NR, Wakefield BJ, Ives K, McKenzie R, Zhang B, Yap CH. A trial of nebulised heparin to limit lung injury following cardiac surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016; 44:28-33. [PMID: 26673586 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1604400106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass triggers an acute inflammatory response in the lungs. This response gives rise to fibrin deposition in the microvasculature and alveoli of the lungs. Fibrin deposition in the microvasculature increases alveolar dead space, while fibrin deposition in alveoli causes shunting. We investigated whether prophylactic nebulised heparin could limit this form of lung injury. We undertook a single-centre double-blind randomised trial. Forty patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were randomised to prophylactic nebulised heparin (50,000 U) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change in arterial oxygen levels over the operative period. Secondary endpoints included end-tidal CO₂, the alveolar dead space fraction and bleeding complications. We found nebulised heparin did not improve arterial oxygen levels. Nebulised heparin was, however, associated with a lower alveolar dead space fraction (P <0.05) and lower tidal volumes at the end of surgery (P <0.01). Nebulised heparin was not associated with bleeding complications. In conclusion, prophylactic nebulised heparin did not improve oxygenation, but was associated with evidence of better alveolar perfusion and CO₂elimination at the end of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dixon
- Department of Critical Care, St.Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - R Smith
- Department of Critical Care, St.Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - J D Santamaria
- Department of Critical Care, St.Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - N R Orford
- Department of Critical Care, Barwon Health University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria
| | - B J Wakefield
- Department of Critical Care, Barwon Health University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria
| | - K Ives
- Department of Critical Care, Barwon Health University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria
| | - R McKenzie
- Department of Critical Care, Barwon Health University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Barwon Health University Hospital, Geelong, Victoria
| | - C H Yap
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University and School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria
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Vo NTK, Bender AW, Lumsden JS, Dixon B, Bols NC. Differential viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus genotype IVb infection in fin fibroblast and epithelial cell lines from walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), at cold temperatures. J Fish Dis 2016; 39:175-188. [PMID: 25643858 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A cell line, WE-cfin11e, with an epithelial-like morphology was developed from a caudal fin of walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), characterized as distinct from the established walleye caudal fin fibroblast-like cell line, WE-cfin11f, and compared with WE-cfin11f for susceptibility to VHSV IVb. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to localize the intermediate filament protein, vimentin, the tight junction protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), the extracellular matrix protein, collagen I, and the viral protein, G. Although both cell lines contained vimentin, only WE-cfin11e stained for ZO-1 and only WE-cfin11f stained for collagen I. Ascorbic acid increased the accumulation of collagen I and caused the appearance of collagen fibres only in WE-cfin11f cultures. At 14 °C, both cell lines produced VHSV IVb, but the infection developed more rapidly in WE-cfin11f. At 4 °C, both cell lines became infected with VHSV IVb as judged by the expression of viral proteins, N and G, but only WE-cfin11f produced virus. The results suggest that cold temperatures can modulate viral tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T K Vo
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - A W Bender
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J S Lumsden
- Ontario Veterinary College, Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - B Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - N C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Grice J, Reid A, Peterson A, Blackburn K, Tubbs L, Lord S, Huber P, Horricks R, Dixon B, Bols NC, Lumsden JS. Walleye Sander vitreus (Mitchill) are relatively resistant to experimental infection with VHSV IVb and extant walleye strains vary in susceptibility. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:859-872. [PMID: 25219756 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Compared to fathead minnow, walleye demonstrate low susceptibility to experimental infection with VHSV IVb, regardless of route of exposure or water temperature at time of infection. In triplicate and duplicate groups, walleye were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected (102 -108 pfu/fish) or waterborne-exposed (w; 1.4 × 107 pfu mL-1 ) with VHSV IVb. High cumulative mortality (64-100%) and severe gross lesions associated with VHSV IVb infection were evident only in fish i.p. injected with 108 pfu at 12 °C. These fish had multifocal necrosis of several tissues including the gill and heart. There was no difference in mortality between walleye infected (w or i.p.) at 12 °C (spring stocking) compared with a declining temperature profile from 18 to 12 °C (fall stocking). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in mortality between four extant walleye strains following i.p. infection, indicating that the choice of walleye strain for stocking might be an important consideration. Viral antigen was found in both i.p. and w-exposed walleye using immunohistochemistry, mostly within the gill and skin of w-exposed fish and most prominently in dermal fibrocytes. VHSV IVb was detected in multiple tissues from 6 to 21 days post-infection using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grice
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Reid
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Peterson
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - K Blackburn
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - L Tubbs
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - S Lord
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - P Huber
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - R Horricks
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - B Dixon
- Novartis Animal Health Inc., Victoria, PEI, Canada
| | - N C Bols
- Novartis Animal Health Inc., Victoria, PEI, Canada
| | - J S Lumsden
- Fish Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Vo NTK, Bender AW, Lee LEJ, Lumsden JS, Lorenzen N, Dixon B, Bols NC. Development of a walleye cell line and use to study the effects of temperature on infection by viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus group IVb. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:121-136. [PMID: 25589167 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A cell line, WE-cfin11f, with a fibroblast-like morphology was developed from a walleye caudal fin and used to study the intersection of thermobiology of walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), with the thermal requirements for replication of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) IVb. WE-cfin11f proliferated from 10 to 32 °C and endured as a monolayer for at least a week at 1-34 °C. WE-cfin11f adopted an epithelial shape and did not proliferate at 4 °C. Adding VHSV IVb to cultures at 4 and 14 °C but not 26 °C led to cytopathic effects (CPE) and virus production. At 4 °C, virus production developed more slowly, but Western blotting showed more N protein accumulation. Infecting monolayer cultures at 4 °C for 7 days and then shifting them to 26 °C resulted in the monolayers being broken in small areas by CPE, but with time at 26 °C, the monolayers were restored. These results suggest that at 26 °C, the VHSV IVb life cycle stages responsible for CPE can be completed, but the production of virus and the initiation of infections cannot be accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T K Vo
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Awunor OA, Dixon B, Walker C. Direct reconstruction and associated uncertainties of192Ir source dwell positions in ring applicators using gafchromic film in the treatment planning of HDR brachytherapy cervix patients. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:3207-25. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/10/3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Awunor O, Dixon B, Walker C. EP-1208: Uncertainties in reconstructing ring applicators with gafchromic film for treatment planning of cervix patients. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)33514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Dixon B, Luque A, Abós B, Castro R, González-Torres L, Tafalla C. Molecular characterization of three novel chemokine receptors in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 34:641-651. [PMID: 23257202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines signal through a family of seven-transmembrane domain G-coupled receptors in order to regulate both leukocyte mobilization and activate the recruited cells. Although many chemokines have been identified in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), only a few chemokine receptors have been reported to date. In this work, we have cloned three novel chemokine receptors in rainbow trout. One of these receptors seems to be a clear orthologue of CCR6, while the second one constitutes a novel CCR9 gene different from the previous CCR9 reported in this species. This gene, which we have designated as CCR9B, represents another lineage of fish CCR9 genes, not previously identified. Finally, a deeper phylogenetic analysis of the third novel chemokine receptor gene, which had been identified on the basis of sequence similarity to CCR3, constitutes a novel lineage of CCR receptors which has no equivalent in humans and that may be teleost-specific. We have designated this novel gene as CCR13, to avoid any possible ascription to mammalian genes. Further transcriptional studies revealed that CCR6 was constitutively transcribed in thymus, gills, hindgut and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), while CCR9B was strongly transcribed in thymus and PBLs but also in spleen, gills, hindgut and brain at lower levels. CCR13, on the other hand, was strongly detected in spleen, head kidney and PBLs and faintly in thymus, gills, brain and gonad. The data provided constitutes a step forward the identification of novel chemokine receptors that may contribute to a future understanding of chemokine signalling in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Pham PH, Lumsden JS, Tafalla C, Dixon B, Bols NC. Differential effects of viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) genotypes IVa and IVb on gill epithelial and spleen macrophage cell lines from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 34:632-640. [PMID: 23257204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The two most prominent genotypes of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) are -I in the Northeastern Atlantic region and -IV in North America, but much more is known about the cellular pathogenesis of genotype -I than -IV. VHSV genotype -IV is divided into -IVa from the Northeast Pacific Ocean and -IVb from the Great Lakes and both of which are less virulent to rainbow trout than genotype -I. In this work, infections of VHSV-IVa and -IVb have been studied in two rainbow trout cell lines, RTgill-W1 from the gill epithelium, and RTS11 from spleen macrophages. RTgill-W1 produced infectious progeny of both VHSV-IVa and -IVb. However, VHSV-IVa was more infectious than -IVb toward RTgill-W1: -IVa caused cytopathic effect (CPE) at a lower viral titre, elicited CPE earlier, and yielded higher titres. By contrast, no CPE and no increase in viral titre were observed in RTS11 cultures infected with either genotype. Yet in RTS11 all six VHSV genes were expressed and antiviral genes, Mx2 and Mx3, were up regulated by VHSV-IVb and -IVa. However, replication appeared to terminate at the translational stage as viral N protein, presumably the most abundant of the VSHV proteins, was not detected in either infected RTS11 cultures. In RTgill-W1, Mx2 and Mx3 were up regulated to similar levels by both viral genotypes, while VHSV-IVa induced higher levels of IFN1, IFN2 and LGP2A than VHSV-IVb.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Pham
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Roberts D, Cairnduff F, Dixon B, Brown S. Modulation of the response of a rodent fibrosarcoma to photodynamic therapy by hyperbaric-oxygen treatment. Oncol Rep 2012; 2:387-90. [PMID: 21597746 DOI: 10.3892/or.2.3.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment to modulate the response of a rodent fibrosarcoma to interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 630 nm light and intravenous polyhaematoporphyrin (PHP) was examined. Application of HBO for 30 min immediately prior to PDT resulted in a light dose-dependent increase in tumour growth retardation, maximum effect (+227%) being observed with 100J light, and no enhancement being seen at or above 400J. Application of HBO during or immediately after PDT had no effect on response. Reducing the interval between giving PHP and administering light from the usual 48 h to just 1 h increased the efficacy of PDT even in the absence of HBO pre-treatment. Under these circumstances, application of HBO did not realise any further increase in tumour response at any light dose. Our findings suggest that manipulation of tumour oxygenation may be able to improve the outcome of PDT under some circumstances, but that careful consideration of other treatment variables, such as light dose and drug-to-light interval, may provide similar, more easily achievable, improvements in efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roberts
- UNIV LEEDS,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND
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21
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Conejeros P, Power M, Alekseyev S, Dixon B. Global major histocompatibility class II β (mh-IIβ)-polymorphism in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. J Fish Biol 2012; 81:1158-1174. [PMID: 22957861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the use of the gene encoding the β subunit of the major histocompatibility (MH) receptor as a population marker in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. The use of this polymorphic marker allowed differentiation of the S. alpinus lineages previously defined using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) but also allowed differentiation between the populations studied within those lineages. The majority of the variation observed here occurred prior to the last glaciation event. Nevertheless, all S. alpinus populations were differentiated using both MH Class II β (mh-IIβ) sequences and allelic frequencies. The fact that all the populations studied presented high rates of non-synonymous: synonymous substitutions and high levels of interpopulation variation, suggested mh-IIβ as an ideal marker to assess differentiation among S. alpinus populations in ways that may represent divergence both by genetic drift and natural adaptation to the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Conejeros
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Errázuriz 1834, Valparaíso 2362735, Chile
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22
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Pham PH, Jung J, Lumsden JS, Dixon B, Bols NC. The potential of waste items in aquatic environments to act as fomites for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. J Fish Dis 2012; 35:73-77. [PMID: 22168456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P H Pham
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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23
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Dixon B, Santamaria J, Campbell D, Yii M, Newcomb A, Rosalion A, Reid D, Collins M. Chest Tube Bleeding and Mortality Following Cardiac Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Dixon B. Social marketing, communications and brand building. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Schultz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, HERMES Critical Care Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Korzeniewska E, Filipkowska Z, Gotkowska-Płachta A, Janczukowicz W, Dixon B, Czułowska M. Determination of emitted airborne microorganisms from a BIO-PAK wastewater treatment plant. Water Res 2009; 43:2841-51. [PMID: 19428042 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Results of a study conducted to assess the degree of airborne microbial contamination generated by a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with bioreactor "BIO-PAK" closed treatment system and evaluation of the dispersion of potential pathogens are described. Over the year aerosol samples were collected simultaneously with sedimentation and impact methods from several plant sites and the surroundings. External upwind sites were used as control. Total colony-forming counts of heterotrophic psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, mesophilic, haemolytic bacteria, as well as members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas genera, actinomycetes and fungi (moulds, yeasts and yeast-like fungi) were determined. Their highest concentrations ranged up to 10(1)-10(3)CFU/m(3) (with the exception of moulds exceeding 2x10(4)) were determined in air sampled inside the bioreactor, its vicinity, and near the grate chamber. Higher species diversity of the family Enterobacteriaceae (including Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ozaenae) in the air sampled inside or near the bioreactor may imply a health risk for staff exposed for longer periods of time. Notwithstanding, no increased emission of the analysed groups of microorganisms, including faecal bacteria, were found outside the WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Korzeniewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, R. Prawocheńskiego Street 1, 10-957 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
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Messier V, Lévesque B, Proulx JF, Rochette L, Libman MD, Ward BJ, Serhir B, Couillard M, Ogden NH, Dewailly É, Hubert B, Déry S, Barthe C, Murphy D, Dixon B. Seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiAmong Nunavik Inuit (Canada). Zoonoses Public Health 2009; 56:188-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Bagi CM, Wood J, Wilkie D, Dixon B. Effect of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitor on bone strength in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2008; 8:267-280. [PMID: 18799860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In both sexes, a reduction in sex steroid production with aging impairs the musculoskeletal system. The goal of our study was to test the ability of WH-9062, a novel non-steroidal small molecule inhibitor of the 17beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme, to maintain or improve bone strength without raising serum levels of testosterone or estradiol. Mature, female cynomolgus monkeys with sealed growth plates were allocated into six groups: Sham controls, OVX controls, OVX+Premarin (15 mg/kg/d), and three groups of OVX monkeys receiving WH-9062 at 1, 5 and 25 mg/kg/day. All treatments were administered by daily oral dosing for 23 weeks. Changes in lipid profile caused by OVX were corrected with WH-9062 and included lowering total of cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, and maintenance of initial plasma levels of HDL cholesterol. Only the highest dose of WH-9062 lowered bone resorption relative to OVX controls. Elevated bone specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, BMC and dynamic bone histomorphometry data resulted in desirable bone balance and bone strength. The obtained results support our theory that inhibition of 17beta-HSD type 2 resulted in high local estrogen and/or testosterone levels leading to maintenance of bone formation and bone strength. Collectively, our data demonstrated that the treatment paradigm that utilizes tissue selectivity and receptor bioavailability in conversion of inactive hormones to active forms could be achieved and could result in desirable effects on target tissues such as bone and muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Bagi
- PGRD, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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29
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Pérez-Casanova JC, Rise ML, Dixon B, Afonso LOB, Hall JR, Johnson SC, Gamperl AK. The immune and stress responses of Atlantic cod to long-term increases in water temperature. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2008; 24:600-609. [PMID: 18343685 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sea-caged cod are limited in their movements in the water column, and thus can be exposed to large seasonal ( approximately 0-20 degrees C) temperature fluctuations. To investigate the physiological response of Atlantic cod to summer-like increases in temperature, we exposed 10 degrees C acclimated juvenile cod to a graded thermal challenge (1 degrees C increase every 5 days) and measured: (1) plasma cortisol and glucose levels; (2) the respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes; and (3) the expression of specific immune-related genes [MHC Class I, Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), beta2-microglobulin (beta2-M), Immunoglobulin M (IgM)-light (L) and -heavy (H) chains] in the blood using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). The experiment was stopped at 19.1 degrees C, with 26.7% of the fish surviving to this point. Plasma glucose levels increased slightly at 16 and 18 degrees C (by 1.39- and 1.74-fold, respectively), in contrast, cortisol levels were elevated significantly (by 2.9-fold) at 16 degrees C but returned to control levels thereafter. The effect of increasing temperature on the expression of immune related genes in blood cells (leukocytes) was variable and depended on the gene of interest. The expression of IgM-H remained stable for the duration of the experiment. In contrast, IL-1beta expression was increased significantly (by approximately 25-fold) at 19 degrees C as compared to time-matched control fish, and changes in the expression of beta2-M, MHC Class I and IgM-L followed a pattern similar to that seen for cortisol: increasing at 16 degrees C (by 4.2-, 5.3- and 17-fold, respectively), but returning to pre-stress levels by 19 degrees C. Interestingly, increasing temperatures had no effect on respiratory burst activity. This study is the first to examine the effects of a chronic regimen of increasing temperature on the stress physiology and immunology of a marine teleost, and suggests that immune function is influenced by complex interactions between thermal effects and temperature-induced stress (elevated circulating cortisol levels).
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Pérez-Casanova
- Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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30
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31
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32
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33
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Abstract
Sequential hermaphroditism is a common reproductive strategy in many teleosts. Steroid production is known to mediate both the natural and induced sex change, yet beyond this the physiology directing this process has received little attention. Cytochrome P450 aromatase is a key enzyme in the hormonal pathway catalysing the conversion of sex steroids, androgens to oestrogens, and thus is highly relevant to the process of sex change. This study reports the isolation of cDNA sequences for aromatase isoforms CYP19A1 and CYP19A2 from teleost species representing three forms of sexual hermaphroditism: Lates calcarifer (protandry), Cromileptes altivelis (protogyny), and Gobiodon histrio (bi-directional). Deduced amino acid analysis of these isoforms with other reported isoforms from gonochoristic (single sex) teleosts revealed 56-95% identity within the same isoform while only 48-65% identity between isoforms irrespective of species and sexual strategy. Phylogenetic analysis supported this result separating sequences into isoform exclusive clades in spite of species apparent evolutionary distance. Furthermore, this study isolates 5' flanking regions of all above genes and describes putative cis-acting elements therein. Elements identified include steroidogenic factor 1 binding site (SF-1), oestrogen response element (ERE), progesterone response element (PRE), androgen response element (ARE), glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/retinoid X receptor alpha heterodimer responsive element (PPARalpha/RXRalpha), nuclear factor kappabeta (NF-kappabeta), SOX 5, SOX 9, and Wilms tumor suppressor (WTI). A hypothetical in vivo model was constructed for both isoforms highlighting potential roles of these putative cis-acting elements with reference to normal function and sexual hermaphroditism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gardner
- Bribie Island Aquaculture Research Centre, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, PO Box 2066, Woorim, Queensland 4507, Australia
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34
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Hoang LMN, Fyfe M, Ong C, Harb J, Champagne S, Dixon B, Isaac-Renton J. Outbreak of cyclosporiasis in British Columbia associated with imported Thai basil. Epidemiol Infect 2005; 133:23-7. [PMID: 15724706 PMCID: PMC2870217 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268804003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic outbreaks of cyclosporiasis, a common cause of protracted diarrhoea in underdeveloped countries, are often undetected and undiagnosed in industrial countries. In May 2001, an outbreak of Cyclospora cayetanensis gastroenteritis was identified in British Columbia, Canada, with 17 reported cases. We conducted a case-control study involving 12 out of the 17 reported and confirmed case patients. Eleven (92%) of the patients had consumed Thai basil, an essential ingredient in Vietnamese cuisine, compared to 3 out of 16 (19%) of the control patients (P = 0.003). Trace-back investigations implicated Thai basil imported via the United States as the vehicle for this outbreak. This is the first documented sporadic outbreak of cyclosporiasis linked to Thai basil in Canada, and the first outbreak of cyclosporiasis identified in an ethnic immigrant population. This outbreak provides the opportunity to increase our understanding of this emerging pathogen and improve on our prevention and control for future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M N Hoang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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35
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Abstract
The acute inflammatory response to sepsis gives rise to significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying this form of tissue injury are poorly understood. This review examines the evidence that tissue ischaemia due, to generalized microvascular thrombosis may play an important role. Microvascular thrombosis is probably an adaptive response that prevents bacteria in the tissues reaching the systemic circulation via the capillaries. In time, a definitive response by leucocytes removes the bacteria and repairs the damaged tissues. There is however evidence that if microvascular thrombosis becomes generalized, then extensive tissue ischaemia may precipitate organ failure and death. Post-mortem studies of patients with sepsis demonstrate microvascular thrombi in many organs including the kidney, liver, lung, gut, adrenals and brain, and the degree of organ injury is related to the quantity of thrombi. Furthermore studies in human and animal models of sepsis demonstrate therapies that inhibit coagulation or promote fibrinolysis reduce organ failure and mortality. In view of the personal and economic burdens that tissue injury associated with the acute inflammatory response places on the community, further studies to establish the role of microvascular thrombosis are clearly required. Such studies may lead to new therapies to limit or prevent this form of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dixon
- Intensive Care Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
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McAllister M, Matarasso B, Dixon B, Shepperd C. Conversation starters: re-examining and reconstructing first encounters within the therapeutic relationship. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2004; 11:575-82. [PMID: 15450025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2004.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes, analyses and reconstructs early encounters between nurse and client. Too often nurses take for granted ordinary encounters with clients and thus overlook opportunities to develop the nurse-client relationship. Common encounters, drawn from reflection on practice, are analysed using contemporary cultural theories. Creative alternatives are suggested and we argue that they represent opportunities to make meaningful connections with and for clients. As conversation starters, these ideas may be used by nurses to facilitate a more trusting therapeutic relationship. They may help to deepen understanding or insight into mental health problems and help to reveal hidden strengths and solutions. By noticing, valuing, discussing and developing this space, we as mental health nurses are extending our discipline base and articulating, with more precision and persuasion, exactly how we contribute to better health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McAllister
- School of Nursing, Griffith Universith, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
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Fujiki K, Booman M, Chin-Dixon E, Dixon B. Cloning and characterization of cDNA clones encoding membrane-bound and potentially secreted major histocompatibility class I receptors from walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). Immunogenetics 2001; 53:760-9. [PMID: 11862408 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-001-0400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2001] [Accepted: 11/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility (MH) gene polymorphism has been used to type populations of humans, mice, and fish. Walleye ( Stizostedion vitreum) comprise an economically important fishery in Lake Erie, but whether those in the western basin form a single population or separate shoal- and river-breeding populations is not known. To develop MH gene markers for use in defining their population structure, we constructed a head kidney cDNA library from which five full-length class I heavy-chain clones were isolated and sequenced. Although they came in roughly three sizes, 1300, 1400, and over 2000 bp, the clones all exhibited a high degree of sequence similarity to each other and to known teleost MH class I cDNAs in the area encoding the extracellular domains, but showed dramatic differences in their transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. One clone had an AG repeat that eliminated the hydrophobicity of the transmembrane domain, indicating that it may encode a secreted class I receptor. The other four clones encode three distinctly different cytoplasmic domains. The two clones that encode the same cytoplasmic domain resemble those of the known teleost MH class I sequences the most. Southern blotting indicated that there were four copies of the gene present in the walleye genome. Northern blotting showed that class I MH genes are expressed in most tissues and mRNAs of all three size classes can be detected. A preliminary survey of the polymorphism of these genes indicates that they will provide useful markers for differentiating fish stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujiki
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Dixon B. Something nasty in the grass. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1:286. [PMID: 11871516 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(01)00127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Studies of the innate immune system have recently shown that, in addition to its role in producing the primary response that slows down pathogens, it may also play an important role in initiating and directing the type of response that the adaptive immune system makes. These discoveries have shown a complex web of control containing new roles for the innate immune system in organizing responses of T-cell to antigens being presented by major histocompatibility receptors, as well as new roles for those receptors in innate immune responses. Both of these activities are managed through feedback networks involving elements of both the innate and adaptive immune system. This paper will discuss these newly discovered interactions and how they are influencing current theories regarding the initiation of adaptive immune responses. In particular, it will highlight the recent progress that is being made towards understanding these relationships in the immune systems of teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Campbell DJ, Dixon B, Kladis A, Kemme M, Santamaria JD. Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system by cardiopulmonary bypass in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 281:R1059-70. [PMID: 11557611 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.4.r1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We used cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) as a model of activation of the contact system and investigated the involvement of the plasma and tissue kallikrein-kinin systems (KKS) in this process. Circulating levels of bradykinin and kallidin and their metabolites, plasma and tissue kallikrein, low and high molecular weight kininogen, and kallistatin were measured before, during, and 1, 4, and 10 h after CPB in subjects undergoing cardiac surgery. Bradykinin peptide levels increased 10- to 20-fold during the first 10 min, returned toward basal levels by 70 min of CPB, and remained 1.2- to 2.5-fold elevated after CPB. Kallidin peptide levels showed little change during CPB, but they were elevated 1.7- to 5.2-fold after CPB. There were reductions of 80 and 60% in plasma and tissue kallikrein levels, respectively, during the first minute of CPB. Kininogen and kallistatin levels were unchanged. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition did not amplify the increase in bradykinin levels during CPB. Aprotinin administration prevented activation of the KKS. The changes in circulating kinin and kallikrein levels indicate activation of both the plasma and tissue KKS during activation of the contact system by CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Campbell
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
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Dixon B. The mystery of Bernstein's cold. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1:136. [PMID: 11871465 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(01)00074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dixon B. Alarm as males face reproductive shun. Curr Biol 2001; 11:R583. [PMID: 11516958 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dixon B. Looking out for wildlife. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1:66. [PMID: 11871418 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(01)00026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dixon B. The virus spin running out of control. Curr Biol 2001; 11:R331-3. [PMID: 11369238 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dixon B. Meagre numbers raise genome questions. Curr Biol 2001; 11:R203-4. [PMID: 11301262 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dixon B. Checks and balances needed for organ retention. Curr Biol 2001; 11:R151-2. [PMID: 11267877 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12) is implicated in the pathology of many diseases such as emphysema, aortic lesions and cancer. Recently, MMP-12 was cloned and purified from mouse and human macrophages. We report here the expression of the full-length and catalytic domain of rat MMP-12 in Escherichia coli and characterization of the purified enzyme. Inclusion bodies of expressed rat MMP-12 catalytic domain were denatured and refolded using a new method, and then affinity purified to near homogeneity with zinc-chelating Sepharose. The purified rat MMP-12 catalytic domain was highly active in digesting substrates, having a K(m) of 12 microM and optimal pH of 7.5--8.5. During investigation of natural substrate specificity, we found that rat MMP-12 catalytic domain was able to completely degrade collagen-V, partially degrade collagen-I, but it was unable to digest collagen-IV. The enzyme could also degrade osteonectin, vitronectin, and fibronectin, but not laminin and albumin. The catalytic properties and natural substrate specificity of rat MMP-12 catalytic domain differed from those of human MMP-12 catalytic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Fu
- Department of Cancer and Osteoporosis Research, Bayer Corporation, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
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