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Chaim OM, Miki S, Prager BC, Ma J, Jeong AY, Lara J, Tran NK, Smith JM, Rich JN, Gutkind JS, Miyamoto S, Furnari FB, Brown JH. Gα12 signaling regulates transcriptional and phenotypic responses that promote glioblastoma tumor invasion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22412. [PMID: 38104152 PMCID: PMC10725435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In silico interrogation of glioblastoma (GBM) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed upregulation of GNA12 (Gα12), encoding the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-protein G12, concomitant with overexpression of multiple G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that signal through Gα12. Glioma stem cell lines from patient-derived xenografts also showed elevated levels of Gα12. Knockdown (KD) of Gα12 was carried out in two different human GBM stem cell (GSC) lines. Tumors generated in vivo by orthotopic injection of Gα12KD GSC cells showed reduced invasiveness, without apparent changes in tumor size or survival relative to control GSC tumor-bearing mice. Transcriptional profiling of GSC-23 cell tumors revealed significant differences between WT and Gα12KD tumors including reduced expression of genes associated with the extracellular matrix, as well as decreased expression of stem cell genes and increased expression of several proneural genes. Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), one of the genes most repressed by Gα12 knockdown, was shown to be required for Gα12-mediated cell migration in vitro and for in vivo tumor invasion. Chemogenetic activation of GSC-23 cells harboring a Gα12-coupled DREADD also increased THBS1 expression and in vitro invasion. Collectively, our findings implicate Gα12 signaling in regulation of transcriptional reprogramming that promotes invasiveness, highlighting this as a potential signaling node for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Meiri Chaim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Shunichiro Miki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Y Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Nancy K Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, Biomedical Sciences Building, 9500 Gilman Drive #0636, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
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2
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Lv D, Zhong C, Dixit D, Yang K, Wu Q, Godugu B, Prager BC, Zhao G, Wang X, Xie Q, Bao S, He C, Heiland DH, Rosenfeld MG, Rich JN. EGFR promotes ALKBH5 nuclear retention to attenuate N6-methyladenosine and protect against ferroptosis in glioblastoma. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4334-4351.e7. [PMID: 37979586 PMCID: PMC10842222 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor receptors rank among the most important oncogenic pathways, but pharmacologic inhibitors often demonstrate limited benefit as monotherapy. Here, we show that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling repressed N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), whereas genetic or pharmacologic EGFR targeting elevated m6A levels. Activated EGFR induced non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC to phosphorylate the m6A demethylase, AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), thereby inhibiting chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1)-mediated nuclear export of ALKBH5 to permit sustained mRNA m6A demethylation in the nucleus. ALKBH5 critically regulated ferroptosis through m6A modulation and YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein (YTHDF2)-mediated decay of the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM). Pharmacologic targeting of ALKBH5 augmented the anti-tumor efficacy of EGFR and GCLM inhibitors, supporting an EGFR-ALKBH5-GCLM oncogenic axis. Collectively, EGFR reprograms the epitranscriptomic landscape through nuclear retention of the ALKBH5 demethylase to protect against ferroptosis, offering therapeutic paradigms for the treatment of lethal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cuiqing Zhong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bhaskar Godugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guofeng Zhao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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3
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Liu L, Liu Z, Liu Q, Wu W, Lin P, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang D, Prager BC, Gimple RC, Yu J, Zhao W, Wu Q, Zhang W, Wu E, Chen X, Luo J, Rich JN, Xie Q, Jiang T, Chen R. LncRNA INHEG promotes glioma stem cell maintenance and tumorigenicity through regulating rRNA 2'-O-methylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7526. [PMID: 37980347 PMCID: PMC10657414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) ranks among the most lethal of human cancers, containing glioma stem cells (GSCs) that display therapeutic resistance. Here, we report that the lncRNA INHEG is highly expressed in GSCs compared to differentiated glioma cells (DGCs) and promotes GSC self-renewal and tumorigenicity through control of rRNA 2'-O-methylation. INHEG induces the interaction between SUMO2 E3 ligase TAF15 and NOP58, a core component of snoRNP that guides rRNA methylation, to regulate NOP58 sumoylation and accelerate the C/D box snoRNP assembly. INHEG activation enhances rRNA 2'-O-methylation, thereby increasing the expression of oncogenic proteins including EGFR, IGF1R, CDK6 and PDGFRB in glioma cells. Taken together, this study identifies a lncRNA that connects snoRNP-guided rRNA 2'-O-methylation to upregulated protein translation in GSCs, supporting an axis for potential therapeutic targeting of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Yuechuan Zhang
- Department of Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Dongpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44195, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 44106, USA
| | - Jichuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, 15261, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Erzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, 15261, USA.
| | - Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, 100050, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China.
| | - Runsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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4
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Gimple RC, Prager BC, Xie Q. Editorial: Epigenetic and metabolic regulation of primary and metastatic brain cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1271851. [PMID: 37746272 PMCID: PMC10513457 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1271851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Gimple
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Briana C. Prager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Gimple RC, Zhang G, Wang S, Huang T, Lee J, Taori S, Lv D, Dixit D, Halbert ME, Morton AR, Kidwell RL, Dong Z, Prager BC, Kim LJ, Qiu Z, Zhao L, Xie Q, Wu Q, Agnihotri S, Rich JN. Sorting nexin 10 sustains PDGF receptor signaling in glioblastoma stem cells via endosomal protein sorting. JCI Insight 2023; 8:158077. [PMID: 36795488 PMCID: PMC10070110 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumor, the prognosis of which remains dismal even with aggressive surgical, medical, and radiation therapies. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) promote therapeutic resistance and cellular heterogeneity due to their self-renewal properties and capacity for plasticity. To understand the molecular processes essential for maintaining GSCs, we performed an integrative analysis comparing active enhancer landscapes, transcriptional profiles, and functional genomics profiles of GSCs and non-neoplastic neural stem cells (NSCs). We identified sorting nexin 10 (SNX10), an endosomal protein sorting factor, as selectively expressed in GSCs compared with NSCs and essential for GSC survival. Targeting SNX10 impaired GSC viability and proliferation, induced apoptosis, and reduced self-renewal capacity. Mechanistically, GSCs utilized endosomal protein sorting to promote platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) proliferative and stem cell signaling pathways through posttranscriptional regulation of the PDGFR tyrosine kinase. Targeting SNX10 expression extended survival of orthotopic xenograft-bearing mice, and high SNX10 expression correlated with poor glioblastoma patient prognosis, suggesting its potential clinical importance. Thus, our study reveals an essential connection between endosomal protein sorting and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and suggests that targeting endosomal sorting may represent a promising therapeutic approach for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tengfei Huang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jina Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suchet Taori
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deguan Lv
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew E Halbert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew R Morton
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Reilly L Kidwell
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhen Dong
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Leo Jy Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qi Xie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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Lee D, Gimple RC, Wu X, Prager BC, Qiu Z, Wu Q, Daggubati V, Mariappan A, Gopalakrishnan J, Sarkisian MR, Raleigh DR, Rich JN. Superenhancer activation of KLHDC8A drives glioma ciliation and hedgehog signaling. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163592. [PMID: 36394953 PMCID: PMC9843063 DOI: 10.1172/jci163592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma ranks among the most aggressive and lethal of all human cancers. Self-renewing, highly tumorigenic glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to therapeutic resistance and maintain cellular heterogeneity. Here, we interrogated superenhancer landscapes of primary glioblastoma specimens and patient-derived GSCs, revealing a kelch domain-containing gene, specifically Kelch domain containing 8A (KLHDC8A) with a previously unknown function as an epigenetically driven oncogene. Targeting KLHDC8A decreased GSC proliferation and self-renewal, induced apoptosis, and impaired in vivo tumor growth. Transcription factor control circuitry analyses revealed that the master transcriptional regulator SOX2 stimulated KLHDC8A expression. Mechanistically, KLHDC8A bound chaperonin-containing TCP1 (CCT) to promote the assembly of primary cilia to activate hedgehog signaling. KLHDC8A expression correlated with Aurora B/C Kinase inhibitor activity, which induced primary cilia and hedgehog signaling. Combinatorial targeting of Aurora B/C kinase and hedgehog displayed augmented benefit against GSC proliferation. Collectively, superenhancer-based discovery revealed KLHDC8A as what we believe to be a novel molecular target of cancer stem cells that promotes ciliogenesis to activate the hedgehog pathway, offering insights into therapeutic vulnerabilities for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ryan C. Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xujia Wu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Briana C. Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vikas Daggubati
- Department of Radiation Oncology and
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aruljothi Mariappan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jay Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute and
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David R. Raleigh
- Department of Radiation Oncology and
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Prager BC, Broder SM, Natowicz MR. A picture is worth a thousand words: A proposal to incorporate video into the evaluation of adults with intellectual or developmental disability living outside the home. Front Public Health 2022; 10:887714. [PMID: 36091544 PMCID: PMC9451026 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.887714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults with intellectual or developmental disability (IDD) comprise 1-2% of the population worldwide. IDD is a significant risk factor for premature morbidity or mortality. This is likely due in part to preventable health conditions, which are modifiable with the intervention of direct care providers in areas including nutrition, promotion of an active lifestyle and effective identification of health or functional deterioration. Adults with IDD are also at increased risk for neglect or mistreatment, a finding that has been documented across multiple countries and in a variety of care settings. Contributing factors include resource availability, lack of person-centered care, management culture and care worker training. Practical and economical interventions may address the known disparities and challenges facing the large community of adults with IDD. To promote person-centered care, improve record-keeping/documentation, and aid in protecting the health and safety of this vulnerable population, we propose incorporation of a video into the evaluation of adults with IDD living outside the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana C. Prager
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States,Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sherri M. Broder
- Department of Bioethics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marvin R. Natowicz
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genomic Medicine, Neurological and Pediatrics Institutes, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Marvin R. Natowicz
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8
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Lv D, Gimple RC, Zhong C, Wu Q, Yang K, Prager BC, Godugu B, Qiu Z, Zhao L, Zhang G, Dixit D, Lee D, Shen JZ, Li X, Xie Q, Wang X, Agnihotri S, Rich JN. PDGF signaling inhibits mitophagy in glioblastoma stem cells through N 6-methyladenosine. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1466-1481.e6. [PMID: 35659339 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated growth factor receptor pathways, RNA modifications, and metabolism each promote tumor heterogeneity. Here, we demonstrate that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling induces N6-methyladenosine (m6A) accumulation in glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) to regulate mitophagy. PDGF ligands stimulate early growth response 1 (EGR1) transcription to induce methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) to promote GSC proliferation and self-renewal. Targeting the PDGF-METTL3 axis inhibits mitophagy by regulating m6A modification of optineurin (OPTN). Forced OPTN expression phenocopies PDGF inhibition, and OPTN levels portend longer survival of GBM patients; these results suggest a tumor-suppressive role for OPTN. Pharmacologic targeting of METTL3 augments anti-tumor efficacy of PDGF receptor (PDGFR) and mitophagy inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we define PDGF signaling as an upstream regulator of oncogenic m6A regulation, driving tumor metabolism to promote cancer stem cell maintenance, highlighting PDGF-METTL3-OPTN signaling as a GBM therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cuiqing Zhong
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bhaskar Godugu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jia Z Shen
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiqing Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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9
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Bernareggi D, Xie Q, Prager BC, Yun J, Cruz LS, Pham TV, Kim W, Lee X, Coffey M, Zalfa C, Azmoon P, Zhu H, Tamayo P, Rich JN, Kaufman DS. CHMP2A regulates tumor sensitivity to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1899. [PMID: 35393416 PMCID: PMC8990014 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are known to mediate killing of various cancer types, but tumor cells can develop resistance mechanisms to escape NK cell-mediated killing. Here, we use a "two cell type" whole genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening system to discover key regulators of tumor sensitivity and resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in human glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). We identify CHMP2A as a regulator of GSC resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and we confirm these findings in a head and neck squamous cells carcinoma (HNSCC) model. We show that deletion of CHMP2A activates NF-κB in tumor cells to mediate increased chemokine secretion that promotes NK cell migration towards tumor cells. In the HNSCC model we demonstrate that CHMP2A mediates tumor resistance to NK cells via secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that express MICA/B and TRAIL. These secreted ligands induce apoptosis of NK cells to inhibit their antitumor activity. To confirm these in vitro studies, we demonstrate that deletion of CHMP2A in CAL27 HNSCC cells leads to increased NK cell-mediated killing in a xenograft immunodeficient mouse model. These findings illustrate a mechanism of tumor immune escape through EVs secretion and identify inhibition of CHMP2A and related targets as opportunities to improve NK cell-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bernareggi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Cleveland Clinic & Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jiyoung Yun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Luisjesus S Cruz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Timothy V Pham
- Center for Novel Therapeutics and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William Kim
- Center for Novel Therapeutics and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiqing Lee
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Michael Coffey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Zalfa
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pardis Azmoon
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Center for Novel Therapeutics and Moores Cancer Center, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dan S Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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10
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Jiang L, Hao Y, Shao C, Wu Q, Prager BC, Gimple RC, Sulli G, Kim LJ, Zhang G, Qiu Z, Zhu Z, Fu XD, Rich JN. ADAR1-mediated RNA editing links ganglioside catabolism to glioblastoma stem cell maintenance. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:143397. [PMID: 35133980 PMCID: PMC8920333 DOI: 10.1172/jci143397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor, containing GBM stem cells (GSCs) that contribute to therapeutic resistance and relapse. Exposing potential GSC vulnerabilities may provide therapeutic strategies against GBM. Here, we interrogated the role of Adenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing mediated by ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1) in GSCs and found that both ADAR1 and global RNA editomes were elevated in GSCs compared to normal neural stem cells (NSCs). ADAR1 inactivation or blocking the upstream JAK/STAT pathway through TYK2 inhibition impaired GSC self-renewal and stemness. Downstream of ADAR1, RNA editing of the 3'UTR of GM2A, a key ganglioside catabolism activator, proved to be critical, as interfering with ganglioside catabolism showed similar functional impact on GSCs as ADAR1 disruption. These findings reveal RNA editing links ganglioside catabolism to GSC self-renewal and stemness, exposing a potential vulnerability of GBM for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Yajing Hao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Changwei Shao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center, Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Briana C Prager
- Stem Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Sulli
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Leo Jk Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Hillman Cancer Center, Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Hillman Cancer Center, Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
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11
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Qiu Z, Zhao L, Shen JZ, Liang Z, Wu Q, Yang K, Min L, Gimple RC, Yang Q, Bhargava S, Jin C, Kim C, Hinz D, Dixit D, Bernatchez JA, Prager BC, Zhang G, Dong Z, Lv D, Wang X, Kim LJ, Zhu Z, Jones KA, Zheng Y, Wang X, Siqueira-Neto JL, Chavez L, Fu XD, Spruck C, Rich JN. Transcription Elongation Machinery Is a Druggable Dependency and Potentiates Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:502-521. [PMID: 34615656 PMCID: PMC8831451 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain cancer characterized by therapeutic resistance, which is promoted by GBM stem cells (GSC). Here, we interrogated gene expression and whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 screening in a large panel of patient-derived GSCs, differentiated GBM cells (DGC), and neural stem cells (NSC) to identify master regulators of GSC stemness, revealing an essential transcription state with increased RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. The YY1 and transcriptional CDK9 complex was essential for GSC survival and maintenance in vitro and in vivo. YY1 interacted with CDK9 to regulate transcription elongation in GSCs. Genetic or pharmacologic targeting of the YY1-CDK9 complex elicited RNA m6A modification-dependent interferon responses, reduced regulatory T-cell infiltration, and augmented efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy in GBM. Collectively, these results suggest that YY1-CDK9 transcription elongation complex defines a targetable cell state with active transcription, suppressed interferon responses, and immunotherapy resistance in GBM. SIGNIFICANCE: Effective strategies to rewire immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy response are still lacking in GBM. YY1-driven transcriptional elongation machinery represents a druggable target to activate interferon response and enhance anti-PD-1 response through regulating the m6A modification program, linking epigenetic regulation to immunomodulatory function in GBM.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Qiu
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jia Z. Shen
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhengyu Liang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lihua Min
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ryan C. Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shruti Bhargava
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chunyu Jin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cheryl Kim
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Denise Hinz
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jean A. Bernatchez
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Briana C. Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhen Dong
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Deguan Lv
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xujun Wang
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Leo J.Y. Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katherine A. Jones
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ye Zheng
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jair L. Siqueira-Neto
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Charles Spruck
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Corresponding Authors: Jeremy N. Rich: ; +1(412) 623-3364; Address: UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232; Charles Spruck: ; +1(858) 401-3459; Address: 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037
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12
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Dixit D, Prager BC, Gimple RC, Miller TE, Wu Q, Yomtoubian S, Kidwell RL, Lv D, Zhao L, Qiu Z, Zhang G, Lee D, Park DE, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Wang X, Bao S, Rich JN. Glioblastoma stem cells reprogram chromatin in vivo to generate selective therapeutic dependencies on DPY30 and phosphodiesterases. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabf3917. [PMID: 34985972 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf3917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are universally fatal cancers and contain self-renewing glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that initiate tumors. Traditional anticancer drug discovery based on in vitro cultures tends to identify targets with poor therapeutic indices and fails to accurately model the effects of the tumor microenvironment. Here, leveraging in vivo genetic screening, we identified the histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) regulator DPY30 (Dpy-30 histone methyltransferase complex regulatory subunit) as an in vivo–specific glioblastoma dependency. On the basis of the hypothesis that in vivo epigenetic regulation may define critical GSC dependencies, we interrogated active chromatin landscapes of GSCs derived from intracranial patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and cell culture through H3K4me3 chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcriptome analyses. Intracranial-specific genes marked by H3K4me3 included FOS, NFκB, and phosphodiesterase (PDE) family members. In intracranial PDX tumors, DPY30 regulated angiogenesis and hypoxia pathways in an H3K4me3-dependent manner but was dispensable in vitro in cultured GSCs. PDE4B was a key downstream effector of DPY30, and the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram preferentially targeted DPY30-expressing cells and impaired PDX tumor growth in mice without affecting tumor cells cultured in vitro. Collectively, the MLL/SET1 (mixed lineage leukemia/SET domain-containing 1, histone lysine methyltransferase) complex member DPY30 selectively regulates H3K4me3 modification on genes critical to support angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo, suggesting the DPY30-PDE4B axis as a specific therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Shira Yomtoubian
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Reilly L Kidwell
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Deguan Lv
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Donglim Esther Park
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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13
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Sen A, Prager BC, Zhong C, Park D, Zhu Z, Gimple RC, Wu Q, Bernatchez JA, Beck S, Clark AE, Siqueira-Neto JL, Rich JN, McVicker G. Leveraging Allele-Specific Expression for Therapeutic Response Gene Discovery in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2021; 82:377-390. [PMID: 34903607 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor in adults and is characterized by poor prognosis and universal tumor recurrence. Effective glioblastoma treatments are lacking, in part due to somatic mutations and epigenetic reprogramming that alter gene expression and confer drug resistance. To investigate recurrently dysregulated genes in glioblastoma we interrogated allele-specific expression (ASE), the difference in expression between two alleles of a gene, in glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) derived from 43 patients. A total of 118 genes were found with recurrent ASE preferentially in GSCs compared to normal tissues. These genes were enriched for apoptotic regulators, including schlafen family member 11 (SLFN11). Loss of SLFN11 gene expression was associated with aberrant promoter methylation and conferred resistance to chemotherapy and PARP inhibition. Conversely, low SLFN11 expression rendered GSCs susceptible to the oncolytic flavivirus Zika. This discovery effort based upon ASE revealed novel points of vulnerability in GSCs, suggesting a potential alternative treatment strategy for chemotherapy resistant glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Sen
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies
| | - Briana C Prager
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic
| | | | | | - Zhe Zhu
- Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Qiulian Wu
- Medicine, University of California - San Diego School of Medicine
| | - Jean A Bernatchez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
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14
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Zhang G, Dong Z, Gimple RC, Wolin A, Wu Q, Qiu Z, Wood LM, Shen JZ, Jiang L, Zhao L, Lv D, Prager BC, Kim LJY, Wang X, Zhang L, Anderson RL, Moore JK, Bao S, Keller TH, Lin G, Kang C, Hamerlik P, Zhao R, Ford HL, Rich JN. Targeting EYA2 tyrosine phosphatase activity in glioblastoma stem cells induces mitotic catastrophe. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212685. [PMID: 34617969 PMCID: PMC8504185 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma ranks among the most lethal of primary brain malignancies, with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) at the apex of tumor cellular hierarchies. Here, to discover novel therapeutic GSC targets, we interrogated gene expression profiles from GSCs, differentiated glioblastoma cells (DGCs), and neural stem cells (NSCs), revealing EYA2 as preferentially expressed by GSCs. Targeting EYA2 impaired GSC maintenance and induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and loss of self-renewal. EYA2 displayed novel localization to centrosomes in GSCs, and EYA2 tyrosine (Tyr) phosphatase activity was essential for proper mitotic spindle assembly and survival of GSCs. Inhibition of the EYA2 Tyr phosphatase activity, via genetic or pharmacological means, mimicked EYA2 loss in GSCs in vitro and extended the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Supporting the clinical relevance of these findings, EYA2 portends poor patient prognosis in glioblastoma. Collectively, our data indicate that EYA2 phosphatase function plays selective critical roles in the growth and survival of GSCs, potentially offering a high therapeutic index for EYA2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhen Dong
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Arthur Wolin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lisa M Wood
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Jia Z Shen
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Deguan Lv
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ryan L Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jeffrey K Moore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Thomas H Keller
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Grace Lin
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Congbao Kang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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15
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Xia Z, Tang M, Ma J, Zhang H, Gimple RC, Prager BC, Tang H, Sun C, Liu F, Lin P, Mei Y, Du R, Rich JN, Xie Q. Epitranscriptomic editing of the RNA N6-methyladenosine modification by dCasRx conjugated methyltransferase and demethylase. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7361-7374. [PMID: 34181729 PMCID: PMC8287920 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common modification on endogenous RNA transcripts in mammalian cells. Technologies to precisely modify the RNA m6A levels at specific transcriptomic loci empower interrogation of biological functions of epitranscriptomic modifications. Here, we developed a bidirectional dCasRx epitranscriptome editing platform composed of a nuclear-localized dCasRx conjugated with either a methyltransferase, METTL3, or a demethylase, ALKBH5, to manipulate methylation events at targeted m6A sites. Leveraging this platform, we specifically and efficiently edited m6A modifications at targeted sites, reflected in gene expression and cell proliferation. We employed the dCasRx epitranscriptomic editor system to elucidate the molecular function of m6A-binding proteins YTHDF paralogs (YTHDF1, YTHDF2 and YTHDF3), revealing that YTHDFs promote m6A-mediated mRNA degradation. Collectively, our dCasRx epitranscriptome perturbation platform permits site-specific m6A editing for delineating of functional roles of individual m6A modifications in the mammalian epitranscriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xia
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA,92307, USA
| | - Jiayan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH,44195, USA
| | - Hongzhen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd affiliated hospital, school of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd affiliated hospital, school of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Yutang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Ruoxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,15261, USA
| | - Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
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16
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Kim J, She C, Potez M, Huang P, Wu Q, Prager BC, Qiu Z, Bao S, Rich JN, Liu JKC. Phage display targeting identifies EYA1 as a regulator of glioblastoma stem cell maintenance and proliferation. Stem Cells 2021; 39:853-865. [PMID: 33594762 PMCID: PMC10741052 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) ranks among the most lethal of human malignancies with GBM stem cells (GSCs) that contribute to tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Identification and isolation of GSCs continue to be a challenge, as definitive methods to purify these cells for study or targeting are lacking. Here, we leveraged orthogonal in vitro and in vivo phage display biopanning strategies to isolate a single peptide with GSC-specific binding properties. In silico analysis of this peptide led to the isolation of EYA1 (Eyes Absent 1), a tyrosine phosphatase and transcriptional coactivator. Validating the phage discovery methods, EYA1 was preferentially expressed in GSCs compared to differentiated tumor progeny. MYC is a central mediator of GSC maintenance but has been resistant to direct targeting strategies. Based on correlation and colocalization of EYA1 and MYC, we interrogated a possible interaction, revealing binding of EYA1 to MYC and loss of MYC expression upon targeting EYA1. Supporting a functional role for EYA1, targeting EYA1 expression decreased GSC proliferation, migration, and self-renewal in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that phage display can identify novel therapeutic targets in stem-like tumor cells and that an EYA1-MYC axis represents a potential therapeutic paradigm for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- JongMyung Kim
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Chunhua She
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Marine Potez
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Briana C. Prager
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - James K. C. Liu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
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17
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Wang D, Prager BC, Gimple RC, Aguilar B, Alizadeh D, Tang H, Lv D, Starr R, Brito A, Wu Q, Kim LJY, Qiu Z, Lin P, Lorenzini MH, Badie B, Forman SJ, Xie Q, Brown CE, Rich JN. CRISPR Screening of CAR T Cells and Cancer Stem Cells Reveals Critical Dependencies for Cell-Based Therapies. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:1192-1211. [PMID: 33328215 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) contains self-renewing GBM stem cells (GSC) potentially amenable to immunologic targeting, but chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated limited clinical responses in GBM. Here, we interrogated molecular determinants of CAR-mediated GBM killing through whole-genome CRISPR screens in both CAR T cells and patient-derived GSCs. Screening of CAR T cells identified dependencies for effector functions, including TLE4 and IKZF2. Targeted knockout of these genes enhanced CAR antitumor efficacy. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of edited CAR T cells revealed transcriptional profiles of superior effector function and inhibited exhaustion responses. Reciprocal screening of GSCs identified genes essential for susceptibility to CAR-mediated killing, including RELA and NPLOC4, the knockout of which altered tumor-immune signaling and increased responsiveness of CAR therapy. Overall, CRISPR screening of CAR T cells and GSCs discovered avenues for enhancing CAR therapeutic efficacy against GBM, with the potential to be extended to other solid tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: Reciprocal CRISPR screening identified genes in both CAR T cells and tumor cells regulating the potency of CAR T-cell cytotoxicity, informing molecular targeting strategies to potentiate CAR T-cell antitumor efficacy and elucidate genetic modifications of tumor cells in combination with CAR T cells to advance immuno-oncotherapy.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongrui Wang
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brenda Aguilar
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Darya Alizadeh
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Hongzhen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Deguan Lv
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Renate Starr
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Alfonso Brito
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Peng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Michael H Lorenzini
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Stephen J Forman
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Qi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Christine E Brown
- T Cell Therapeutics Research Labs, Cellular Immunotherapy Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California. .,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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18
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Tao W, Zhang A, Zhai K, Huang Z, Huang H, Zhou W, Huang Q, Fang X, Prager BC, Wang X, Wu Q, Sloan AE, Ahluwalia MS, Lathia JD, Yu JS, Rich JN, Bao S. SATB2 drives glioblastoma growth by recruiting CBP to promote FOXM1 expression in glioma stem cells. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12291. [PMID: 33124191 PMCID: PMC7721366 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear matrix-associated proteins (NMPs) play critical roles in regulating chromatin organization and gene transcription by binding to the matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA. However, the functional significance of NMPs in glioblastoma (GBM) progression remains unclear. Here, we show that the Special AT-rich Binding Protein-2 (SATB2), one of crucial NMPs, recruits histone acetyltransferase CBP to promote the FOXM1-mediated cell proliferation and tumor growth of GBM. SATB2 is preferentially expressed by glioma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM. Disrupting SATB2 markedly inhibited GSC proliferation and GBM malignant growth by down-regulating expression of key genes involved in cell proliferation program. SATB2 activates FOXM1 expression to promote GSC proliferation through binding to the MAR sequence of FOXM1 gene locus and recruiting CBP to the MAR. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of SATB2/CBP transcriptional activity by the CBP inhibitor C646 suppressed GSC proliferation in vitro and GBM growth in vivo. Our study uncovers a crucial role of the SATB2/CBP-mediated transcriptional regulation in GBM growth, indicating that targeting SATB2/CBP may effectively improve GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tao
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Aili Zhang
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of PathologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Brain Tumor and Neuro‐Oncology Center & Center of Excellence for Translational Neuro‐OncologyUniversity Hospitals Seidman Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Brain Tumor and Neuro‐Oncology CenterTaussig Cancer InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
- Brain Tumor and Neuro‐Oncology CenterTaussig Cancer InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell ResearchLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyTaussig Cancer InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer BiologyLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
- Center for Cancer Stem Cell ResearchLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
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19
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Prager BC, Vasudevan HN, Dixit D, Bernatchez JA, Wu Q, Wallace LC, Bhargava S, Lee D, King BH, Morton AR, Gimple RC, Pekmezci M, Zhu Z, Siqueira-Neto JL, Wang X, Xie Q, Chen C, Barnett GH, Vogelbaum MA, Mack SC, Chavez L, Perry A, Raleigh DR, Rich JN. The Meningioma Enhancer Landscape Delineates Novel Subgroups and Drives Druggable Dependencies. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1722-1741. [PMID: 32703768 PMCID: PMC8194360 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor with current classification offering limited therapeutic guidance. Here, we interrogated meningioma enhancer landscapes from 33 tumors to stratify patients based upon prognosis and identify novel meningioma-specific dependencies. Enhancers robustly stratified meningiomas into three biologically distinct groups (adipogenesis/cholesterol, mesodermal, and neural crest) distinguished by distinct hormonal lineage transcriptional regulators. Meningioma landscapes clustered with intrinsic brain tumors and hormonally responsive systemic cancers with meningioma subgroups, reflecting progesterone or androgen hormonal signaling. Enhancer classification identified a subset of tumors with poor prognosis, irrespective of histologic grading. Superenhancer signatures predicted drug dependencies with superior in vitro efficacy to treatment based upon the NF2 genomic profile. Inhibition of DUSP1, a novel and druggable meningioma target, impaired tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, epigenetic landscapes empower meningioma classification and identification of novel therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: Enhancer landscapes inform prognostic classification of aggressive meningiomas, identifying tumors at high risk of recurrence, and reveal previously unknown therapeutic targets. Druggable dependencies discovered through epigenetic profiling potentially guide treatment of intractable meningiomas.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Harish N Vasudevan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Jean A Bernatchez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Lisa C Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shruti Bhargava
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Derrick Lee
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bradley H King
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew R Morton
- Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
- Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Melike Pekmezci
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Clark Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gene H Barnett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael A Vogelbaum
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of NeuroOncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Lukas Chavez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Arie Perry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David R Raleigh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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20
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Dixit D, Prager BC, Gimple RC, Poh HX, Wang Y, Wu Q, Qiu Z, Kidwell RL, Kim LJY, Xie Q, Vitting-Seerup K, Bhargava S, Dong Z, Jiang L, Zhu Z, Hamerlik P, Jaffrey SR, Zhao JC, Wang X, Rich JN. The RNA m6A Reader YTHDF2 Maintains Oncogene Expression and Is a Targetable Dependency in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:480-499. [PMID: 33023892 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a universally lethal cancer driven by glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). Here, we interrogated N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modifications in GSCs by methyl RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and transcriptome analysis, finding transcripts marked by m6A often upregulated compared with normal neural stem cells (NSC). Interrogating m6A regulators, GSCs displayed preferential expression, as well as in vitro and in vivo dependency, of the m6A reader YTHDF2, in contrast to NSCs. Although YTHDF2 has been reported to destabilize mRNAs, YTHDF2 stabilized MYC and VEGFA transcripts in GSCs in an m6A-dependent manner. We identified IGFBP3 as a downstream effector of the YTHDF2-MYC axis in GSCs. The IGF1/IGF1R inhibitor linsitinib preferentially targeted YTHDF2-expressing cells, inhibiting GSC viability without affecting NSCs and impairing in vivo glioblastoma growth. Thus, YTHDF2 links RNA epitranscriptomic modifications and GSC growth, laying the foundation for the YTHDF2-MYC-IGFBP3 axis as a specific and novel therapeutic target in glioblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: Epitranscriptomics promotes cellular heterogeneity in cancer. RNA m6A landscapes of cancer and NSCs identified cell type-specific dependencies and therapeutic vulnerabilities. The m6A reader YTHDF2 stabilized MYC mRNA specifically in cancer stem cells. Given the challenge of targeting MYC, YTHDF2 presents a therapeutic target to perturb MYC signaling in glioblastoma.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hui Xian Poh
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yang Wang
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Reilly L Kidwell
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qi Xie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Shruti Bhargava
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Zhen Dong
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jing Crystal Zhao
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California. .,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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21
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Tang M, Xie Q, Gimple RC, Zhong Z, Tam T, Tian J, Kidwell RL, Wu Q, Prager BC, Qiu Z, Yu A, Zhu Z, Mesci P, Jing H, Schimelman J, Wang P, Lee D, Lorenzini MH, Dixit D, Zhao L, Bhargava S, Miller TE, Wan X, Tang J, Sun B, Cravatt BF, Muotri AR, Chen S, Rich JN. Three-dimensional bioprinted glioblastoma microenvironments model cellular dependencies and immune interactions. Cell Res 2020; 30:833-853. [PMID: 32499560 PMCID: PMC7608409 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are dynamic complex ecosystems with multiple cell types. To model the brain tumor microenvironment in a reproducible and scalable system, we developed a rapid three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting method to construct clinically relevant biomimetic tissue models. In recurrent glioblastoma, macrophages/microglia prominently contribute to the tumor mass. To parse the function of macrophages in 3D, we compared the growth of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) alone or with astrocytes and neural precursor cells in a hyaluronic acid-rich hydrogel, with or without macrophage. Bioprinted constructs integrating macrophage recapitulate patient-derived transcriptional profiles predictive of patient survival, maintenance of stemness, invasion, and drug resistance. Whole-genome CRISPR screening with bioprinted complex systems identified unique molecular dependencies in GSCs, relative to sphere culture. Multicellular bioprinted models serve as a scalable and physiologic platform to interrogate drug sensitivity, cellular crosstalk, invasion, context-specific functional dependencies, as well as immunologic interactions in a species-matched neural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Qi Xie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Trevor Tam
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Reilly L Kidwell
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Aaron Yu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pinar Mesci
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hui Jing
- The Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jacob Schimelman
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pengrui Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael H Lorenzini
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shruti Bhargava
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xueyi Wan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Bingjie Sun
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- The Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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22
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Tang M, Xie Q, Gimple RC, Prager BC, Qiu Z, Schimelman J, Wang P, Lee D, Yu A, Miller TE, Kidwell RL, Wan X, Tang J, Tam T, Tian J, Sun B, Chen S, Rich J. Abstract 320: 3D-bioprinting of biomimetic multicellular glioblastoma tissues enable modeling of tumor-immune interactions. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The glioblastoma is a complex ecosystem with multiple cell types and an extracellular matrix (ECM) unique to the brain. Dynamic interactions between tumor cells and other non-neoplastic cell types drive the progression of cancer and continuously remodel the local microenvironment. Some major non-neoplastic players in the glioblastoma microenvironment include blood vessels that support tumor growth, several resident central nervous system (CNS) cells such as astrocytes, neurons, and microglia, as well as tumor-associated macrophages, the most substantial non-neoplastic component of glioblastoma. While animal models retain the genomic signature and transcriptome of the original patient tumor tissue, the use of immunocompromised animals inherently limits investigation of the role of immune components within the glioblastoma tissue. Here, we developed a rapid 3D-bioprinting method to construct a clinically relevant multicellular in vitro model to recapitulate the complexity of the glioblastoma microenvironment. The 3D models made of brain-specific materials were constructed with a central core of glioblastoma stem cells, with or without macrophages, surrounded by the resident CNS cells, which served to mimic the brain parenchyma surrounding the tumor tissue. Gene expression and transcriptome analysis demonstrated that both the glioblastoma stem cells and the macrophage precursors responded to the 3D-bioprinted glioblastoma microenvironment and better resembled their counterparts in patient tumor tissue compared to sphere or suspension culture. Furthermore, the four-cell model with macrophages closely resembled patient transcriptional profiles predictive of patient prognosis and drug sensitivity, and better recapitulated the glioblastoma invasiveness and stemness compared to three-cell models without macrophages or sphere cultures. Finally, the 3D-bioprinted models also enabled whole genome CRISPR screening to identify unique functional dependencies not identified in sphere culture controls. The 3D-bioprinting method is highly scalable and reproducible. The multicellular glioblastoma model combines fine spatial control of brain-specific materials and multiple cell types to create a sophisticated human species-matched model that contains both neoplastic and non-neoplastic regions.
Citation Format: Min Tang, Qi Xie, Ryan C. Gimple, Briana C. Prager, Zhixin Qiu, Jacob Schimelman, Pengrui Wang, Derrick Lee, Aaron Yu, Tyler E. Miller, Reilly L. Kidwell, Xueyi Wan, Jing Tang, Trevor Tam, Jing Tian, Bingjie Sun, Shaochen Chen, Jeremy Rich. 3D-bioprinting of biomimetic multicellular glioblastoma tissues enable modeling of tumor-immune interactions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Qi Xie
- 2Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Zhixin Qiu
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Pengrui Wang
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Derrick Lee
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aaron Yu
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tyler E. Miller
- 3Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Xueyi Wan
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jing Tang
- 2Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Trevor Tam
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jing Tian
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bingjie Sun
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Jeremy Rich
- 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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23
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Wang X, Yang K, Wu Q, Kim LJY, Morton AR, Gimple RC, Prager BC, Shi Y, Zhou W, Bhargava S, Zhu Z, Jiang L, Tao W, Qiu Z, Zhao L, Zhang G, Li X, Agnihotri S, Mischel PS, Mack SC, Bao S, Rich JN. Targeting pyrimidine synthesis accentuates molecular therapy response in glioblastoma stem cells. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/504/eaau4972. [PMID: 31391321 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reprogram glucose metabolism by hijacking high-affinity glucose uptake to survive in a nutritionally dynamic microenvironment. Here, we trace metabolic aberrations in GSCs to link core genetic mutations in glioblastoma to dependency on de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Targeting the pyrimidine synthetic rate-limiting step enzyme carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, dihydroorotase (CAD) or the critical downstream enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibited GSC survival, self-renewal, and in vivo tumor initiation through the depletion of the pyrimidine nucleotide supply in rodent models. Mutations in EGFR or PTEN generated distinct CAD phosphorylation patterns to activate carbon influx through pyrimidine synthesis. Simultaneous abrogation of tumor-specific driver mutations and DHODH activity with clinically approved inhibitors demonstrated sustained inhibition of metabolic activity of pyrimidine synthesis and GSC tumorigenic capacity in vitro. Higher expression of pyrimidine synthesis genes portends poor prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. Collectively, our results demonstrate a therapeutic approach of precision medicine through targeting the nexus between driver mutations and metabolic reprogramming in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew R Morton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shruti Bhargava
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guoxing Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiqing Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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24
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Prager BC, Bhargava S, Mahadev V, Hubert CG, Rich JN. Glioblastoma Stem Cells: Driving Resilience through Chaos. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:223-235. [PMID: 32101725 PMCID: PMC8779821 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive and heterogeneous tumor in which glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are at the apex of an entropic hierarchy and impart devastating therapy resistance. The high entropy of GSCs is driven by a permissive epigenetic landscape and a mutational landscape that revokes crucial cellular checkpoints. The GSC population encompasses a complex array of diverse microstates that are defined and maintained by a wide variety of attractors including the complex tumor ecosystem and therapeutic intervention. Constant dynamic transcriptional fluctuations result in a highly adaptable and heterogeneous entity primed for therapy evasion and survival. Analyzing the transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic landscapes of GSC dynamics in the context of a stochastically fluctuating tumor network will provide novel strategies to target resistant populations of GSCs in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Shruti Bhargava
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vaidehi Mahadev
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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25
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Zhu Z, Mesci P, Bernatchez JA, Gimple RC, Wang X, Schafer ST, Wettersten HI, Beck S, Clark AE, Wu Q, Prager BC, Kim LJY, Dhanwani R, Sharma S, Garancher A, Weis SM, Mack SC, Negraes PD, Trujillo CA, Penalva LO, Feng J, Lan Z, Zhang R, Wessel AW, Dhawan S, Diamond MS, Chen CC, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Gage FH, Hu H, Siqueira-Neto JL, Muotri AR, Cheresh DA, Rich JN. Zika Virus Targets Glioblastoma Stem Cells through a SOX2-Integrin α vβ 5 Axis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:187-204.e10. [PMID: 31956038 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes microcephaly by killing neural precursor cells (NPCs) and other brain cells. ZIKV also displays therapeutic oncolytic activity against glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs). Here we demonstrate that ZIKV preferentially infected and killed GSCs and stem-like cells in medulloblastoma and ependymoma in a SOX2-dependent manner. Targeting SOX2 severely attenuated ZIKV infection, in contrast to AXL. As mechanisms of SOX2-mediated ZIKV infection, we identified inverse expression of antiviral interferon response genes (ISGs) and positive correlation with integrin αv (ITGAV). ZIKV infection was disrupted by genetic targeting of ITGAV or its binding partner ITGB5 and by an antibody specific for integrin αvβ5. ZIKV selectively eliminated GSCs from species-matched human mature cerebral organoids and GBM surgical specimens, which was reversed by integrin αvβ5 inhibition. Collectively, our studies identify integrin αvβ5 as a functional cancer stem cell marker essential for GBM maintenance and ZIKV infection, providing potential brain tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pinar Mesci
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - Jean A Bernatchez
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon T Schafer
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiromi I Wettersten
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sungjun Beck
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rekha Dhanwani
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexandra Garancher
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sara M Weis
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - Luiz O Penalva
- Children's Cancer Research Institute - UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Zhou Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology, and Immunology and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alex W Wessel
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology, and Immunology and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sanjay Dhawan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology, and Immunology and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA.
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA.
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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26
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Dong Z, Zhang G, Qu M, Gimple RC, Wu Q, Qiu Z, Prager BC, Wang X, Kim LJY, Morton AR, Dixit D, Zhou W, Huang H, Li B, Zhu Z, Bao S, Mack SC, Chavez L, Kay SA, Rich JN. Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells through Disruption of the Circadian Clock. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1556-1573. [PMID: 31455674 PMCID: PMC6983300 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers, containing self-renewing glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). Here, we show that GSCs, differentiated glioblastoma cells (DGC), and nonmalignant brain cultures all displayed robust circadian rhythms, yet GSCs alone displayed exquisite dependence on core clock transcription factors, BMAL1 and CLOCK, for optimal cell growth. Downregulation of BMAL1 or CLOCK in GSCs induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that BMAL1 preferentially bound metabolic genes and was associated with active chromatin regions in GSCs compared with neural stem cells. Targeting BMAL1 or CLOCK attenuated mitochondrial metabolic function and reduced expression of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. Small-molecule agonists of two independent BMAL1-CLOCK negative regulators, the cryptochromes and REV-ERBs, downregulated stem cell factors and reduced GSC growth. Combination of cryptochrome and REV-ERB agonists induced synergistic antitumor efficacy. Collectively, these findings show that GSCs co-opt circadian regulators beyond canonical circadian circuitry to promote stemness maintenance and metabolism, offering novel therapeutic paradigms. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer stem cells are highly malignant tumor-cell populations. We demonstrate that GSCs selectively depend on circadian regulators, with increased binding of the regulators in active chromatin regions promoting tumor metabolism. Supporting clinical relevance, pharmacologic targeting of circadian networks specifically disrupted cancer stem cell growth and self-renewal.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Meng Qu
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew R Morton
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Bin Li
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, California
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Steve A Kay
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California.
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27
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Wang X, Prager BC, Wu Q, Kim LJY, Gimple RC, Shi Y, Yang K, Morton AR, Zhou W, Zhu Z, Obara EAA, Miller TE, Song A, Lai S, Hubert CG, Jin X, Huang Z, Fang X, Dixit D, Tao W, Zhai K, Chen C, Dong Z, Zhang G, Dombrowski SM, Hamerlik P, Mack SC, Bao S, Rich JN. Reciprocal Signaling between Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Differentiated Tumor Cells Promotes Malignant Progression. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:514-528.e5. [PMID: 29625067 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumor; however, the crosstalk between glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and their supportive niche is not well understood. Here, we interrogated reciprocal signaling between GSCs and their differentiated glioblastoma cell (DGC) progeny. We found that DGCs accelerated GSC tumor growth. DGCs preferentially expressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), whereas GSCs expressed the BDNF receptor NTRK2. Forced BDNF expression in DGCs augmented GSC tumor growth. To determine molecular mediators of BDNF-NTRK2 paracrine signaling, we leveraged transcriptional and epigenetic profiles of matched GSCs and DGCs, revealing preferential VGF expression by GSCs, which patient-derived tumor models confirmed. VGF serves a dual role in the glioblastoma hierarchy by promoting GSC survival and stemness in vitro and in vivo while also supporting DGC survival and inducing DGC secretion of BDNF. Collectively, these data demonstrate that differentiated glioblastoma cells cooperate with stem-like tumor cells through BDNF-NTRK2-VGF paracrine signaling to promote tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew R Morton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anne Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sisi Lai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xun Jin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhen Dong
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M Dombrowski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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28
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Gimple RC, Kidwell RL, Kim LJY, Sun T, Gromovsky AD, Wu Q, Wolf M, Lv D, Bhargava S, Jiang L, Prager BC, Wang X, Ye Q, Zhu Z, Zhang G, Dong Z, Zhao L, Lee D, Bi J, Sloan AE, Mischel PS, Brown JM, Cang H, Huan T, Mack SC, Xie Q, Rich JN. Glioma Stem Cell-Specific Superenhancer Promotes Polyunsaturated Fatty-Acid Synthesis to Support EGFR Signaling. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1248-1267. [PMID: 31201181 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma ranks among the most aggressive and lethal of all human cancers. Functionally defined glioma stem cells (GSC) contribute to this poor prognosis by driving therapeutic resistance and maintaining cellular heterogeneity. To understand the molecular processes essential for GSC maintenance and tumorigenicity, we interrogated the superenhancer landscapes of primary glioblastoma specimens and in vitro GSCs. GSCs epigenetically upregulated ELOVL2, a key polyunsaturated fatty-acid synthesis enzyme. Targeting ELOVL2 inhibited glioblastoma cell growth and tumor initiation. ELOVL2 depletion altered cellular membrane phospholipid composition, disrupted membrane structural properties, and diminished EGFR signaling through control of fatty-acid elongation. In support of the translational potential of these findings, dual targeting of polyunsaturated fatty-acid synthesis and EGFR signaling had a combinatorial cytotoxic effect on GSCs. SIGNIFICANCE: Glioblastoma remains a devastating disease despite extensive characterization. We profiled epigenomic landscapes of glioblastoma to pinpoint cell state-specific dependencies and therapeutic vulnerabilities. GSCs utilize polyunsaturated fatty-acid synthesis to support membrane architecture, inhibition of which impairs EGFR signaling and GSC proliferation. Combinatorial targeting of these networks represents a promising therapeutic strategy.See related commentary by Affronti and Wellen, p. 1161.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Department of Pathology, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Reilly L Kidwell
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Department of Pathology, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tengqian Sun
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Anthony D Gromovsky
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Megan Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deguan Lv
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Shruti Bhargava
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.,Department of Pathology, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Qing Ye
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Zhen Dong
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Derrick Lee
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Junfeng Bi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland Ohio.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Pathology, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hu Cang
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qi Xie
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California. .,Moores Cancer Center, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California.,Department of Neurosciences, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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29
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Zhang G, Dong Z, Prager BC, Kim LJ, Wu Q, Gimple RC, Wang X, Bao S, Hamerlik P, Rich JN. Chromatin remodeler HELLS maintains glioma stem cells through E2F3 and MYC. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126140. [PMID: 30779712 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas, which contain stem cell-like glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), are universally lethal cancers. While neural stem cells (NSCs) are usually quiescent, single-cell studies suggest that proliferating glioblastoma cells reside in the GSC population. Interrogating in silico glioma databases for epigenetic regulators that correlate with cell cycle regulation, we identified the chromatin remodeler HELLS as a potential target in glioblastoma. GSCs preferentially expressed HELLS compared with their differentiated tumor progeny and nonmalignant brain cells. Targeting HELLS disrupted GSC proliferation, survival, and self-renewal with induction of replication stress and DNA damage. Investigating potential molecular mechanisms downstream of HELLS revealed that HELLS interacted with the core oncogenic transcription factors, E2F3 and MYC, to regulate gene expression critical to GSC proliferation and maintenance. Supporting the interaction, HELLS expression strongly correlated with targets of E2F3 and MYC transcriptional activity in glioblastoma patients. The potential clinical significance of HELLS was reinforced by improved survival of tumor-bearing mice upon targeting HELLS and poor prognosis of glioma patients with elevated HELLS expression. Collectively, targeting HELLS may permit the functional disruption of the relatively undruggable MYC and E2F3 transcription factors and serve as a novel therapeutic paradigm for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhen Dong
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Leo Jk Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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30
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Mack SC, Singh I, Wang X, Hirsch R, Wu Q, Villagomez R, Bernatchez JA, Zhu Z, Gimple RC, Kim LJY, Morton A, Lai S, Qiu Z, Prager BC, Bertrand KC, Mah C, Zhou W, Lee C, Barnett GH, Vogelbaum MA, Sloan AE, Chavez L, Bao S, Scacheri PC, Siqueira-Neto JL, Lin CY, Rich JN. Chromatin landscapes reveal developmentally encoded transcriptional states that define human glioblastoma. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1071-1090. [PMID: 30948495 PMCID: PMC6504206 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mack et al. defined active chromatin landscapes of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and primary tumor specimens, revealing novel transcriptional regulatory circuits and therapeutic targets. Super-enhancers identified essential transcription factors that underlie GSC identity and intertumoral diversity, potentially informing precision medicine. Glioblastoma is an incurable brain cancer characterized by high genetic and pathological heterogeneity. Here, we mapped active chromatin landscapes with gene expression, whole exomes, copy number profiles, and DNA methylomes across 44 patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), 50 primary tumors, and 10 neural stem cells (NSCs) to identify essential super-enhancer (SE)–associated genes and the core transcription factors that establish SEs and maintain GSC identity. GSCs segregate into two groups dominated by distinct enhancer profiles and unique developmental core transcription factor regulatory programs. Group-specific transcription factors enforce GSC identity; they exhibit higher activity in glioblastomas versus NSCs, are associated with poor clinical outcomes, and are required for glioblastoma growth in vivo. Although transcription factors are commonly considered undruggable, group-specific enhancer regulation of the MAPK/ERK pathway predicts sensitivity to MEK inhibition. These data demonstrate that transcriptional identity can be leveraged to identify novel dependencies and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Irtisha Singh
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Rachel Hirsch
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Quilian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Rosie Villagomez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jean A Bernatchez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Andrew Morton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sisi Lai
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kelsey C Bertrand
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Clarence Mah
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christine Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Gene H Barnett
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor & Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael A Vogelbaum
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor & Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Seidman Cancer Center & University Hospitals - Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Peter C Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Charles Y Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX .,Therapeutic Innovation Center, Verna and Marrs McClean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
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31
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Xie Q, Wu TP, Gimple RC, Li Z, Prager BC, Wu Q, Yu Y, Wang P, Wang Y, Gorkin DU, Zhang C, Dowiak AV, Lin K, Zeng C, Sui Y, Kim LJY, Miller TE, Jiang L, Lee-Poturalski C, Huang Z, Fang X, Zhai K, Mack SC, Sander M, Bao S, Kerstetter-Fogle AE, Sloan AE, Xiao AZ, Rich JN. N 6-methyladenine DNA Modification in Glioblastoma. Cell 2018; 175:1228-1243.e20. [PMID: 30392959 PMCID: PMC6433469 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic drivers of cancer can be dysregulated through epigenetic modifications of DNA. Although the critical role of DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in the regulation of transcription is recognized, the functions of other non-canonical DNA modifications remain obscure. Here, we report the identification of novel N6-methyladenine (N6-mA) DNA modifications in human tissues and implicate this epigenetic mark in human disease, specifically the highly malignant brain cancer glioblastoma. Glioblastoma markedly upregulated N6-mA levels, which co-localized with heterochromatic histone modifications, predominantly H3K9me3. N6-mA levels were dynamically regulated by the DNA demethylase ALKBH1, depletion of which led to transcriptional silencing of oncogenic pathways through decreasing chromatin accessibility. Targeting the N6-mA regulator ALKBH1 in patient-derived human glioblastoma models inhibited tumor cell proliferation and extended the survival of tumor-bearing mice, supporting this novel DNA modification as a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma. Collectively, our results uncover a novel epigenetic node in cancer through the DNA modification N6-mA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Tao P. Wu
- Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale
School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520, USA,Present address: Department of Molecular and Human
Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Ryan C. Gimple
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037, USA,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale
School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Briana C. Prager
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037, USA,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH 44120, USA,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California,
Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California,
Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California,
Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - David U. Gorkin
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and
Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037,
USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and
Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037,
USA
| | - Alexis V. Dowiak
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and
Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037,
USA
| | - Kaixuan Lin
- Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale
School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Chun Zeng
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Yinghui Sui
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Leo J. Y. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037, USA,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Tyler E. Miller
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative
Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative
Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Kui Zhai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative
Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Stephen C. Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston TX,
77030, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative
Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Amber E. Kerstetter-Fogle
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve
University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH, 44106, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, University
Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andrew E. Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve
University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH, 44106, USA,Department of Neurological Surgery, University
Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andrew Z. Xiao
- Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale
School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520, USA,Correspondence to: Jeremy N. Rich
() and Andrew Z. Xiao
()
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92037, USA,Department of Neurosciences, University of California,
San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla CA 92037, USA,Lead Contact,Correspondence to: Jeremy N. Rich
() and Andrew Z. Xiao
()
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32
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Mack SC, Pajtler KW, Chavez L, Okonechnikov K, Bertrand KC, Wang X, Erkek S, Federation A, Song A, Lee C, Wang X, McDonald L, Morrow JJ, Saiakhova A, Sin-Chan P, Wu Q, Michaelraj KA, Miller TE, Hubert CG, Ryzhova M, Garzia L, Donovan L, Dombrowski S, Factor DC, Luu B, Valentim CLL, Gimple RC, Morton A, Kim L, Prager BC, Lee JJY, Wu X, Zuccaro J, Thompson Y, Holgado BL, Reimand J, Ke SQ, Tropper A, Lai S, Vijayarajah S, Doan S, Mahadev V, Miñan AF, Gröbner SN, Lienhard M, Zapatka M, Huang Z, Aldape KD, Carcaboso AM, Houghton PJ, Keir ST, Milde T, Witt H, Li Y, Li CJ, Bian XW, Jones DTW, Scott I, Singh SK, Huang A, Dirks PB, Bouffet E, Bradner JE, Ramaswamy V, Jabado N, Rutka JT, Northcott PA, Lupien M, Lichter P, Korshunov A, Scacheri PC, Pfister SM, Kool M, Taylor MD, Rich JN. Therapeutic targeting of ependymoma as informed by oncogenic enhancer profiling. Nature 2017; 553:101-105. [PMID: 29258295 PMCID: PMC5993422 DOI: 10.1038/nature25169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genomic sequencing has driven precision-based oncology therapy; however, genetic drivers remain unknown or non-targetable for many malignancies, demanding alternative approaches to identify therapeutic leads. Ependymomas are chemotherapy-resistant brain tumours, which, despite genomic sequencing, lack effective molecular targets. Intracranial ependymomas are segregated based on anatomical location – supratentorial region (ST) or posterior fossa (PF) – and further divided into distinct molecular subgroups that reflect differences in age of onset, gender predominance, and response to therapy1–3. The most common and aggressive subgroup, Posterior Fossa Ependymoma Group A (PF-EPN-A), occurs in young children and appears to lack recurrent somatic mutations2. Conversely, Posterior Fossa Ependymoma Group B (PF-EPN-B) tumours display frequent large-scale copy number gains and losses yet favourable clinical outcomes1,3. Greater than 70% of supratentorial ependymomas are defined by highly recurrent gene fusions in the NFκB subunit RELA (ST-EPN-RELA), and less frequently involve fusion of the gene encoding the transcriptional activator YAP1 (ST-EPN-YAP1).1,3,4 Subependymomas, a distinct histologic variant, can also be found within the ST and PF compartments accounting for the majority of tumours in the molecular subgroups ST-EPN-SE and PF-EPN-SE, respectively1. Here, we mapped active chromatin landscapes in 42 primary ependymomas in two non-overlapping primary ependymoma cohorts with the goal of identifying essential super enhancer associated genes on which tumour cells were dependent. Enhancer regions revealed putative oncogenes, molecular targets, and pathways, which when subjected to small molecule inhibitor or shRNA treatment, diminished proliferation of patient-derived neurospheres and increased survival in mouse models of ependymomas. Through profiling of transcriptional enhancers, our study provides a framework for target and drug discovery in other cancers recalcitrant to therapeutic development because of their lack of known genetic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatric Hematolgy and Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Kristian W Pajtler
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California - San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kelsey C Bertrand
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatric Hematolgy and Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California - San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Serap Erkek
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Federation
- Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 355065, USA
| | - Anne Song
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Christine Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Laura McDonald
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - James J Morrow
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Alina Saiakhova
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Patrick Sin-Chan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California - San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kulandaimanuvel Antony Michaelraj
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Marina Ryzhova
- Department of Neuropathology, NN Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya 16, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Livia Garzia
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Laura Donovan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Stephen Dombrowski
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor & Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Daniel C Factor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Betty Luu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Claudia L L Valentim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California - San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Andrew Morton
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Leo Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California - San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California - San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John J Y Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Zuccaro
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Yuan Thompson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Borja L Holgado
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Susan Q Ke
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Adam Tropper
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Sisi Lai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Senthuran Vijayarajah
- Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sylvia Doan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Vaidehi Mahadev
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ana Fernandez Miñan
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susanne N Gröbner
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lienhard
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhiqin Huang
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stephen T Keir
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Witt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, National Resource Centre for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ian Scott
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Departments of Paediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
| | - James T Rutka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mathieu Lupien
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter C Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California - San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor & Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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33
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Jin X, Kim LJY, Wu Q, Wallace LC, Prager BC, Sanvoranart T, Gimple RC, Wang X, Mack SC, Miller TE, Huang P, Valentim CL, Zhou QG, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Bao S, Sloan AE, Rich JN. Targeting glioma stem cells through combined BMI1 and EZH2 inhibition. Nat Med 2017; 23:1352-1361. [PMID: 29035367 PMCID: PMC5679732 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are lethal cancers defined by angiogenesis and pseudopalisading necrosis. Here, we demonstrate that these histological features are associated with distinct transcriptional programs, with vascular regions showing a proneural profile, and hypoxic regions showing a mesenchymal pattern. As these regions harbor glioma stem cells (GSCs), we investigated the epigenetic regulation of these two niches. Proneural, perivascular GSCs activated EZH2, whereas mesenchymal GSCs in hypoxic regions expressed BMI1 protein, which promoted cellular survival under stress due to downregulation of the E3 ligase RNF144A. Using both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition, we found that proneural GSCs are preferentially sensitive to EZH2 disruption, whereas mesenchymal GSCs are more sensitive to BMI1 inhibition. Given that glioblastomas contain both proneural and mesenchymal GSCs, combined EZH2 and BMI1 targeting proved more effective than either agent alone both in culture and in vivo, suggesting that strategies that simultaneously target multiple epigenetic regulators within glioblastomas may be effective in overcoming therapy resistance caused by intratumoral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Jin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lisa C Wallace
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tanwarat Sanvoranart
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Claudia L Valentim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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34
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Zhu Z, Gorman MJ, McKenzie LD, Chai JN, Hubert CG, Prager BC, Fernandez E, Richner JM, Zhang R, Shan C, Tycksen E, Wang X, Shi PY, Diamond MS, Rich JN, Chheda MG. Correction: Zika virus has oncolytic activity against glioblastoma stem cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3145. [PMID: 28916645 PMCID: PMC5626409 DOI: 10.1084/jem.2017109309122017c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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35
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Zhu Z, Gorman MJ, McKenzie LD, Chai JN, Hubert CG, Prager BC, Fernandez E, Richner JM, Zhang R, Shan C, Tycksen E, Wang X, Shi PY, Diamond MS, Rich JN, Chheda MG. Zika virus has oncolytic activity against glioblastoma stem cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2843-2857. [PMID: 28874392 PMCID: PMC5626408 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly lethal brain cancer that frequently recurs in proximity to the original resection cavity. We explored the use of oncolytic virus therapy against glioblastoma with Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus that induces cell death and differentiation of neural precursor cells in the developing fetus. ZIKV preferentially infected and killed glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) relative to differentiated tumor progeny or normal neuronal cells. The effects against GSCs were not a general property of neurotropic flaviviruses, as West Nile virus indiscriminately killed both tumor and normal neural cells. ZIKV potently depleted patient-derived GSCs grown in culture and in organoids. Moreover, mice with glioblastoma survived substantially longer and at greater rates when the tumor was inoculated with a mouse-adapted strain of ZIKV. Our results suggest that ZIKV is an oncolytic virus that can preferentially target GSCs; thus, genetically modified strains that further optimize safety could have therapeutic efficacy for adult glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Matthew J Gorman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lisa D McKenzie
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jiani N Chai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Estefania Fernandez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Justin M Richner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chao Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO .,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA .,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO .,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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36
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Wang X, Huang Z, Wu Q, Prager BC, Mack SC, Yang K, Kim LJY, Gimple RC, Shi Y, Lai S, Xie Q, Miller TE, Hubert CG, Song A, Dong Z, Zhou W, Fang X, Zhu Z, Mahadev V, Bao S, Rich JN. MYC-Regulated Mevalonate Metabolism Maintains Brain Tumor-Initiating Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4947-4960. [PMID: 28729418 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation drives tumor initiation in a subset of glioblastomas harboring isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, but metabolic alterations in glioblastomas with wild-type IDH are poorly understood. MYC promotes metabolic reprogramming in cancer, but targeting MYC has proven notoriously challenging. Here, we link metabolic dysregulation in patient-derived brain tumor-initiating cells (BTIC) to a nexus between MYC and mevalonate signaling, which can be inhibited by statin or 6-fluoromevalonate treatment. BTICs preferentially express mevalonate pathway enzymes, which we find regulated by novel MYC-binding sites, validating an additional transcriptional activation role of MYC in cancer metabolism. Targeting mevalonate activity attenuated RAS-ERK-dependent BTIC growth and self-renewal. In turn, mevalonate created a positive feed-forward loop to activate MYC signaling via induction of miR-33b. Collectively, our results argue that MYC mediates its oncogenic effects in part by altering mevalonate metabolism in glioma cells, suggesting a therapeutic strategy in this setting. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4947-60. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sisi Lai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anne Song
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vaidehi Mahadev
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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37
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Prager BC, Nowacki AS, Conway DS. Survey-based assessment of the relationship between cognitive impairment and mentally stimulating activity in multiple sclerosis. Neurol Res 2017; 39:773-778. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1348679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Briana C. Prager
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amy S. Nowacki
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Devon S. Conway
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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38
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Jung J, Kim LJ, Wang X, Wu Q, Sanvoranart T, Hubert CG, Prager BC, Wallace LC, Jin X, Mack SC, Rich JN. Nicotinamide metabolism regulates glioblastoma stem cell maintenance. JCI Insight 2017; 2:90019. [PMID: 28515364 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation promotes cancer growth through not only energy production, but also epigenetic reprogramming. Here, we report that a critical node in methyl donor metabolism, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), ranked among the most consistently overexpressed metabolism genes in glioblastoma relative to normal brain. NNMT was preferentially expressed by mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). NNMT depletes S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a methyl donor generated from methionine. GSCs contained lower levels of methionine, SAM, and nicotinamide, but they contained higher levels of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) than differentiated tumor cells. In concordance with the poor prognosis associated with DNA hypomethylation in glioblastoma, depletion of methionine, a key upstream methyl group donor, shifted tumors toward a mesenchymal phenotype and accelerated tumor growth. Targeting NNMT expression reduced cellular proliferation, self-renewal, and in vivo tumor growth of mesenchymal GSCs. Supporting a mechanistic link between NNMT and DNA methylation, targeting NNMT reduced methyl donor availability, methionine levels, and unmethylated cytosine, with increased levels of DNA methyltransferases, DNMT1 and DNMT3A. Supporting the clinical significance of these findings, NNMT portended poor prognosis for glioblastoma patients. Collectively, our findings support NNMT as a GSC-specific therapeutic target in glioblastoma by disrupting oncogenic DNA hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Jung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Leo Jy Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine.,Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tanwarat Sanvoranart
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine.,Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa C Wallace
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xun Jin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
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39
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Wang X, Yang K, Xie Q, Wu Q, Mack SC, Shi Y, Kim LJY, Prager BC, Flavahan WA, Liu X, Singer M, Hubert CG, Miller TE, Zhou W, Huang Z, Fang X, Regev A, Suvà ML, Hwang TH, Locasale JW, Bao S, Rich JN. Purine synthesis promotes maintenance of brain tumor initiating cells in glioma. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:661-673. [PMID: 28346452 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), also known as cancer stem cells, hijack high-affinity glucose uptake active normally in neurons to maintain energy demands. Here we link metabolic dysregulation in human BTICs to a nexus between MYC and de novo purine synthesis, mediating glucose-sustained anabolic metabolism. Inhibiting purine synthesis abrogated BTIC growth, self-renewal and in vivo tumor formation by depleting intracellular pools of purine nucleotides, supporting purine synthesis as a potential therapeutic point of fragility. In contrast, differentiated glioma cells were unaffected by the targeting of purine biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting selective dependence of BTICs. MYC coordinated the control of purine synthetic enzymes, supporting its role in metabolic reprogramming. Elevated expression of purine synthetic enzymes correlated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Collectively, our results suggest that stem-like glioma cells reprogram their metabolism to self-renew and fuel the tumor hierarchy, revealing potential BTIC cancer dependencies amenable to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William A Flavahan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Meromit Singer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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40
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Hubert CG, Rivera M, Spangler LC, Wu Q, Mack SC, Prager BC, Couce M, McLendon RE, Sloan AE, Rich JN. A Three-Dimensional Organoid Culture System Derived from Human Glioblastomas Recapitulates the Hypoxic Gradients and Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity of Tumors Found In Vivo. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2465-77. [PMID: 26896279 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers feature cellular hierarchies that are driven by tumor-initiating cancer stem cells (CSC) and rely on complex interactions with the tumor microenvironment. Standard cell culture conditions fail to recapitulate the original tumor architecture or microenvironmental gradients and are not designed to retain the cellular heterogeneity of parental tumors. Here, we describe a three-dimensional culture system that supports the long-term growth and expansion of tumor organoids derived directly from glioblastoma specimens, including patient-derived primary cultures, xenografts, genetically engineered glioma models, or patient samples. Organoids derived from multiple regions of patient tumors retain selective tumorigenic potential. Furthermore, organoids could be established directly from brain metastases not typically amenable to in vitro culture. Once formed, tumor organoids grew for months and displayed regional heterogeneity with a rapidly dividing outer region of SOX2(+), OLIG2(+), and TLX(+) cells surrounding a hypoxic core of primarily non-stem senescent cells and diffuse, quiescent CSCs. Notably, non-stem cells within organoids were sensitive to radiotherapy, whereas adjacent CSCs were radioresistant. Orthotopic transplantation of patient-derived organoids resulted in tumors displaying histologic features, including single-cell invasiveness, that were more representative of the parental tumor compared with those formed from patient-derived sphere cultures. In conclusion, we present a new ex vivo model in which phenotypically diverse stem and non-stem glioblastoma cell populations can be simultaneously cultured to explore new facets of microenvironmental influences and CSC biology. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2465-77. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maricruz Rivera
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lisa C Spangler
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marta Couce
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Roger E McLendon
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew E Sloan
- Center for Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurological Surgery, Neurological Institute and Seidman Cancer Center, Case School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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41
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Binder D, Noe CR, Prager BC, Turnowsky F. [Heterocyclics fused to pyrazine-1,4-dioxide. 3. Synthesis and antibacterial effect of substituted pteridine--5,8-dioxides]. Arzneimittelforschung 1983; 33:803-805. [PMID: 6684431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of substituted pteridine-5,8-dioxides (6) via reaction of furoxanes (5) with enolizing carbonyl compounds is described. Compounds 5 are obtained either through reaction of chloro pyrimidines 1 with sodium azide, or through diazotization of hydrazino pyrimidine 2 and subsequent thermal decomposition of 3 or through nucleophilic displacement of methoxy against amino groups in 5. The antibacterial activity of the compounds 6a and 6c is directed against some gramnegative organisms, i.e. E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp., with MIC values and ED50 values which do not exceed those of the corresponding pyridol [2,3-b]pyrazine-1,4-dioxides.
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