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Gaultier GN, McMillan B, Poloni C, Lo M, Cai B, Zheng JJ, Baer HM, Shulha HP, Simmons K, Márquez AC, Bartlett SR, Cook L, Levings MK, Steiner T, Sekirov I, Zlosnik JEA, Morshed M, Skowronski DM, Krajden M, Jassem AN, Sadarangani M. Adaptive immune responses to two-dose COVID-19 vaccine series in healthy Canadian adults ≥ 50 years: a prospective, observational cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8926. [PMID: 38637558 PMCID: PMC11026432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines in adults aged 50 years and older, spike protein (S)-specific antibody concentration, avidity, and function (via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition surrogate neutralization and antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP)), as well as S-specific T cells were quantified via activation induced marker (AIM) assay in response to two-dose series. Eighty-four adults were vaccinated with either: mRNA/mRNA (mRNA-1273 and/or BNT162b2); ChAdOx1-S/mRNA; or ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S. Anti-S IgG concentrations, ADCP scores and ACE2 inhibiting antibody concentrations were highest at one-month post-second dose and declined by four-months post-second dose for all groups. mRNA/mRNA and ChAdOx1-S/mRNA schedules had significantly higher antibody responses than ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S. CD8+ T-cell responses one-month post-second dose were associated with increased ACE2 surrogate neutralization. Antibody avidity (total relative avidity index) did not change between one-month and four-months post-second dose and did not significantly differ between groups by four-months post-second dose. In determining COVID-19 correlates of protection, a measure that considers both antibody concentration and avidity should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle N Gaultier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Brynn McMillan
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chad Poloni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mandy Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean J Zheng
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah M Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hennady P Shulha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Sofia R Bartlett
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Cook
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan K Levings
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Theodore Steiner
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Morshed
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha N Jassem
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Silverberg SL, Shulha HP, McMillan B, He G, Lee A, Márquez AC, Bartlett SR, Gill V, Abu-Raya B, Bettinger JA, Cabrera A, Coombs D, Gantt S, Goldfarb DM, Sauvé L, Krajden M, Morshed M, Sekirov I, Jassem AN, Sadarangani M. Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children and young adults. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:91. [PMID: 38225625 PMCID: PMC10790408 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pediatric COVID-19 cases are often mild or asymptomatic, which has complicated estimations of disease burden using existing testing practices. We aimed to determine the age-specific population seropositivity and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among children and young adults during the pandemic in British Columbia (BC). METHODS We conducted two cross-sectional serosurveys: phase 1 enrolled children and adults < 25 years between November 2020-May 2021 and phase 2 enrolled children < 10 years between June 2021-May 2022 in BC. Participants completed electronic surveys and self-collected finger-prick dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Samples were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against ancestral spike protein (S). Descriptive statistics from survey data were reported and two multivariable analyses were conducted to evaluate factors associated with seropositivity. RESULTS A total of 2864 participants were enrolled, of which 95/2167 (4.4%) participants were S-seropositive in phase 1 across all ages, and 61/697 (8.8%) unvaccinated children aged under ten years were S-seropositive in phase 2. Overall, South Asian participants had a higher seropositivity than other ethnicities (13.5% vs. 5.2%). Of 156 seropositive participants in both phases, 120 had no prior positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Young infants and young adults had the highest reported seropositivity rates (7.0% and 7.2% respectively vs. 3.0-5.6% across other age groups). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among unvaccinated children and young adults was low in May 2022, and South Asians were disproportionately infected. This work demonstrates the need for improved diagnostics and reporting strategies that account for age-specific differences in pandemic dynamics and acceptability of testing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Silverberg
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hennady P Shulha
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brynn McMillan
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guanyuhui He
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy Lee
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ana Citlali Márquez
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sofia R Bartlett
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vivek Gill
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julie A Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adriana Cabrera
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Coombs
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Soren Gantt
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David M Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Sauvé
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Muhammad Morshed
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Inna Sekirov
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Agatha N Jassem
- Public Health Laboratory, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Ave Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Oster P, Vaillant L, McMillan B, Velin D. The Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapies Is Compromised by Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899161. [PMID: 35677057 PMCID: PMC9168074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects the gastric mucosa of a large number of humans. Although asymptomatic in the vast majority of cases, H pylori infection can lead to the development of peptic ulcers gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Using a variety of mechanisms, H pylori locally suppresses the function of the host immune system to establish chronic infection. Systemic immunomodulation has been observed in both clinical and pre-clinical studies, which have demonstrated that H pylori infection is associated with reduced incidence of inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and Crohn’s disease. The introduction of immunotherapies in the arsenal of anti-cancer drugs has revealed a new facet of H pylori-induced immune suppression. In this review, we will describe the intimate interactions between H pylori and its host, and formulate hypothtyeses describing the detrimental impact of H pylori infection on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
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Vaillant L, Oster P, McMillan B, Orozco Fernandez E, Velin D. GM-CSF is key in the efficacy of vaccine-induced reduction of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12875. [PMID: 35092634 PMCID: PMC9285700 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the human gastric mucosa with a high worldwide prevalence. Currently, H. pylori is eradicated by the use of antibiotics. However, elevated antibiotic resistance suggests new therapeutic strategies need to be envisioned: one approach being prophylactic vaccination. Pre-clinical and clinical data show that a urease-based vaccine is efficient in decreasing H. pylori infection through the mobilization of T helper (Th) cells, especially Th17 cells. Th17 cells produce interleukins such as IL-22 and IL-17, among others, and are key players in vaccine efficacy. Recently, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing Th17 cells have been identified. AIM This study explores the possibility that GM-CSF plays a role in the reduction of H. pylori infection following vaccination. RESULTS We demonstrate that GM-CSF+ IL-17+ Th17 cells accumulate in the stomach mucosa of H. pylori infected mice during the vaccine-induced reduction of H. pylori infection. Secondly, we provide evidence that vaccinated GM-CSF deficient mice only modestly reduce H. pylori infection. Conversely, we observe that an increase in GM-CSF availability reduces H. pylori burden in chronically infected mice. Thirdly, we show that GM-CSF, by acting on gastric epithelial cells, promotes the production of βdefensin3, which exhibits H. pylori bactericidal activities. CONCLUSION Taken together, we demonstrate a key role of GM-CSF, most probably originating from Th17 cells, in the vaccine-induced reduction of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Vaillant
- Service of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Paul Oster
- Service of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Brynn McMillan
- Service of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Eulalia Orozco Fernandez
- Service of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Dominique Velin
- Service of Gastroenterology and HepatologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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5
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Oster P, Vaillant L, Riva E, McMillan B, Begka C, Truntzer C, Richard C, Leblond MM, Messaoudene M, Machremi E, Limagne E, Ghiringhelli F, Routy B, Verdeil G, Velin D. Helicobacter pylori infection has a detrimental impact on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Gut 2022; 71:457-466. [PMID: 34253574 PMCID: PMC8862014 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we determined whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection dampens the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. DESIGN Using mouse models, we evaluated whether immune checkpoint inhibitors or vaccine-based immunotherapies are effective in reducing tumour volumes of H. pylori-infected mice. In humans, we evaluated the correlation between H. pylori seropositivity and the efficacy of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RESULTS In mice engrafted with MC38 colon adenocarcinoma or B16-OVA melanoma cells, the tumour volumes of non-infected mice undergoing anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and/or programmed death ligand 1 or anti-cancer vaccine treatments were significantly smaller than those of infected mice. We observed a decreased number and activation status of tumour-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumours of infected mice treated with cancer immunotherapies independent of the gut microbiome composition. Additionally, by performing an in vitro co-culture assay, we observed that dendritic cells of infected mice promote lower tumour-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation. We performed retrospective human clinical studies in two independent cohorts. In the Dijon cohort, H. pylori seropositivity was found to be associated with a decreased NSCLC patient survival on anti-PD-1 therapy. The survival median for H. pylori seropositive patients was 6.7 months compared with 15.4 months for seronegative patients (p=0.001). Additionally, in the Montreal cohort, H. pylori seropositivity was found to be associated with an apparent decrease of NSCLC patient progression-free survival on anti-PD-1 therapy. CONCLUSION Our study unveils for the first time that the stomach microbiota affects the response to cancer immunotherapies and that H. pylori serology would be a powerful tool to personalize cancer immunotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Oster
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Vaillant
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erika Riva
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brynn McMillan
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christina Begka
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Truntzer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Corentin Richard
- Research Centre for the University of Montréal (CRCHUM), Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Healthcare Centre (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marine M Leblond
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meriem Messaoudene
- Research Centre for the University of Montréal (CRCHUM), Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Healthcare Centre (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elisavet Machremi
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emeric Limagne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | | | - Bertrand Routy
- Research Centre for the University of Montréal (CRCHUM), Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Healthcare Centre (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregory Verdeil
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Velin
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Vaillant L, Oster P, McMillan B, Velin D. Gastric eosinophils are detrimental for Helicobacter pylori vaccine efficacy. Vaccine 2021; 39:3590-3601. [PMID: 34049736 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) colonizes the human gastric mucosa with a high worldwide prevalence. Currently, Hp can be eradicated by the use of antibiotics. Due to the increase of antibiotic resistance, new therapeutic strategies need to be devised: one such approach being prophylactic vaccination. Pre-clinical and clinical data showed that a urease-based vaccine is efficient in decreasing Hp infection through the mobilization of T helper (Th)-dependent immune effectors, including eosinophils. Preliminary data have shown that upon vaccination and subsequent Hp infection, eosinophils accumulate in the gastric mucosa, suggesting a possible implication of this granulocyte subset in the vaccine-induced reduction of Hp infection. In our study, we confirm that activated eosinophils, expressing CD63, CD40, MHCII and PD-L1 at their cell surface, infiltrate the gastric mucosa during vaccine-induced reduction of Hp infection. Strikingly, we provide evidence that bone marrow derived eosinophils efficiently kill Hp in vitro, suggesting that eosinophils may participate to the vaccine-induced reduction of Hp infection. However, conversely to our expectations, the absence of eosinophils does not decrease the efficacy of this Hp vaccine in vivo. Indeed, vaccinated mice that have been genetically ablated of the eosinophil lineage or that have received anti-Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin F eosinophil-depleting antibodies, display a lower Hp colonization when compared to their eosinophil sufficient counterparts. Although the vaccine induces similar urease-specific humoral and Th responses in both eosinophil sufficient and deficient mice, a decreased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, TGFβ, and calgranulin B, was specifically observed in eosinophil depleted mice. Taken together, our results suggest that gastric eosinophils maintain an anti-inflammatory environment, thus sustaining chronic Hp infection. Because eosinophils are one of the main immune effectors mobilized by Th2 responses, our study strongly suggests that the formulation of an Hp vaccine needs to include an adjuvant that preferentially primes Hp-specific Th1/Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Vaillant
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Oster
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brynn McMillan
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Velin
- Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Hoang MD, Saha A, McMillan B. Chronic odontogenic nasal discharge: report of two cases. Aust Dent J 2020; 66:201-204. [PMID: 32705696 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Supernumerary teeth are those that form in excess to the normal dental formula and while there is no clear pathogenesis for their formation, they are known to vary in size, morphology, location and presentation. We present two cases of otherwise healthy patients who presented with pain, discomfort and discharge from the nasal passages. CT imaging identified a tooth-like density present in the bone of the nasal floor in both patients. In both cases, the tooth was extracted surgically under anaesthetic. A symptomatic supernumerary in the nasal floor might cause a plethora of symptoms and complications, decreasing the overall quality of life for a patient. Patients who present with a supernumerary tooth in the nasal floor should be further investigated with a simple nasal speculum examination and a CT scan. Their surgical management is simple and brings near immediate relief of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Hoang
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Saha
- Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
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8
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Tocaciu S, Irons SM, McMillan B. Jugular foramen tumour resulting in hypoglossal denervation pseudohypertrophy: a rare and significant cause for tongue asymmetry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 48:23-27. [PMID: 29843952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Paragangliomas of the jugular foramen are rare. They may present with symptoms of compression of the glossopharyngeal or vagus nerves, or due to secretion of catecholamines from chromaffin cells within the tumour. This case describes a rare presentation of glomus tumour. A 67-year-old patient presented with a 2-month history of right-sided tongue swelling. She was found to have an obvious swelling on the right side of the tongue but no obvious weakness or fasciculation on initial examination. Ultrasound confirmed diffuse muscle swelling, but no lesion within the tongue. Magnetic resonance imaging of the neck revealed an ipsilateral glomus jugulare tumour that extended to the hypoglossal canal, and had resulted in ipsilateral denervation pseudohypertrophy of the lingual muscles. This paper reviews presentation of glomus jugulare tumours and contributes a novel presentation of a rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tocaciu
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia.
| | - S M Irons
- Radiology Department, Frankston Private Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - B McMillan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
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Ruxton CHS, Gordon J, Kirkwood L, McMillan B, Ryan E. Risk of malnutrition in a sample of acute and long-stay NHS Fife in-patients: an audit. J Hum Nutr Diet 2008; 21:81-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2007.00844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Abdallah C, McMillan B. Pheumocephalus in an infant with Ohtahara syndrome--a case report. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 2007; 19:679-682. [PMID: 18044295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Abdallah
- The Children's National Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington DC 20010-2970, USA
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McMillan B, Riggs D, Jackson B, Cunningham C, McFadden D. 175. J Surg Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Pilmore H, Walker R, McMillan B, Paranjpe D, Berkeley B. Acute bone pain following renal transplantation: differentiation between benign bone edema and avascular necrosis. Am J Nephrol 2000; 18:57-60. [PMID: 9481440 DOI: 10.1159/000013305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two patients are reported who presented within the first 3 months posttransplantation with acute bone pain where serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allowed differentiation between bone edema, which resolved spontaneously, and avascular necrosis (AVN) requiring core decompression. Case 1 had ill-defined images consistent with bone edema that resolved, whereas case 2 developed well-demarcated lesions in the femoral condyles and tibial epiphyses which were confirmed as AVN at surgery. Alternative explanations for bone edema were not evident. We would suggest that in any transplant recipient who develops acute bone pain, MRI is the initial diagnostic modality of choice. Evidence of development of well-demarcated lesions on serial MR scans indicate early AVN. However, on current evidence it is difficult to predict which lesions will progress and until greater experience becomes available, we would recommend intraosseous plethysmography and venography so that incipient or early AVN can be treated by core decompression of the affected bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pilmore
- Department of Nephrology, Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand
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13
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Abstract
The technique of intraoral inverted 'L' osteotomy mandibular advancement is technically straightforward and has a low morbidity. It is indicated for mandibular advancement, particularly when the risk of inferior alveolar (dental) nerve damage is unacceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- B McMillan
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia
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Abstract
This study employed the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate the factors underlying intentions and frequency of use of cannabis over a three-month period in a population of students (N = 249). In addition, several hypotheses in relation to the TPB were investigated. The TPB provided good predictions of both intentions (R2 = 0.653; attitude, injunctive norms and perceived behavioural control significant) and behaviour (R2 = 0.711; intentions significant). Other norm measures (descriptive and moral norms) explained additional variance in intentions (p < .01). In addition, habit strength and self-identity explained significant additional portions of the variance in intentions (p < .001), but not behaviour, over and above the TPB variables. Several interactions among these variables were also tested. Attitude moderated the impact of perceived behavioural control (PBC) on intentions (p < .001). Moral norms moderated the impact of attitudes on intentions (p < .001). Habit strength moderated the impact of self-identity on intentions (p < .001). PBC was found to moderate the impact of intentions on behaviour (p < .05). The findings are discussed in relation to how interaction effects further our understanding of the social processes by which variables are related in the TPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK.
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Abstract
Community coalitions address a wide variety of community problems, espousing a community development processes that promotes individual and collective self-determination. They offer a promising venue for the study of empowerment of individuals and organizations. This study utilizes data from members of 35 community coalitions organized for the prevention of alcohol and other drug problems to address the following questions: What individual characteristics are related to the psychological empowerment of coalition members? What organizational characteristics are related to the collective empowering of members? What organization characteristics are related to a coalition being organizationally empowered to succeed in achieving its objectives? At the individual level, psychological empowerment was most strongly related to individuals' participation levels, sense of community, and perceptions of a positive organizational climate. At the group level, the strongest predictors of collective empowering (our operationalization of the empowering organization) were net benefits of participation, commitment, and positive organization climate. Psychological empowerment and positive organizational climate were the two predictors of organizational effectivenes (the empowered organization). Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B McMillan
- Psychology Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881, USA
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Abstract
Radioligand receptor binding has been used extensively to identify and characterize a host of receptors and enzymes targeting virtually every therapeutic area. Many drug discovery programs have been based on the utilization of radioligand receptor binding technology to identify lead compounds which interact with receptors likely to be important in neuronal, immunological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular function/dysfunction. There are several obvious advantages to using in vitro receptor binding as a first level screen when compared to in vivo pharmacometric screens. Scientifically, the structure activity data generated in binding assays is a direct reflection of the ligand/receptor interaction minus the complications which result from secondary events, bioavailability, and pharmacodynamic issues. Technically, the binding studies require only a small amount of test compound (< or = 1 mg), while whole animal studies routinely need gram quantities. Similarly, only a small amount of tissue is required, compared with the cost of purchase and maintenance of live animals for in vivo screening. Supply and labor costs are drastically reduced due to the limited volume and test tube based technology of receptor binding. For these reasons receptor binding assays have been utilized with considerable success to discover site specific lead compounds in virtually every therapeutic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Sweetnam
- NovaScreen, Division of Scios Nova Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Abstract
White leghorn chickens (7-10 weeks old) were orally infused with varied doses of lentogenic and mesogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus. The antibody response of the chickens was monitored by haemagglutination inhibition tests weekly for 4 weeks postinfusion. A high dose of virus (10(9) EID50) was necessary to induce a serological response typical of chickens that resist challenge. Sera from chickens infused with low doses (10(5) EID50) of the virus only showed marginal haemagglutination inhibiting activity. Trypsin levels as high as 0.35 mg ml-1 were detected from duodenal secretions and are assumed to be responsible in part for viral inactivation. Fasting (no food and water) the chickens beyond 12 h did not appear to increase antibody response to low titre virus.
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McMillan B. Parents' knowledge of child rearing material and resources. N Z Med J 1984; 97:455-7. [PMID: 6589542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A telephone survey of 65 parents about their use of child rearing material showed that this was neither widely known nor frequently consulted; and that family doctors are seen to be the most common resource for information about child rearing problems.
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McMillan B, MacFarlan J, Gee D, Silverton R, Reeve T. Two recent cases of exotic superficial parasitism. Pathology 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3025(16)38526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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McMillan B. Vivisection: do we have double standards? Nurs Times 1979; 75:397-8. [PMID: 254074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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McMillan B. TINIDAZOLE (FASIGYN) IN TRICHOMONIASIS AND OTHER PROTOZOAL DISEASES. Med J Aust 1976. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1976.tb115422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. McMillan
- School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineUniversity of SydneySydney N.S.W.2006
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Scott H, McMillan B. First isolation of Entamoeba moshkovskii from sewage in Australia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1976; 70:357. [PMID: 1006774 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(76)90106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
The prevalence of protozoan and helminth parasites of the intestinal tract in a Papua New Guinea island with a population of 16,800 was assessed by surveys of a series of randomly selected villages. There were significant differences in the severity of infection with these parasites between the two linguistic groups inhabiting the eastern and western halves of the island. Blood examinations for malaria and microfilariae also differed. It is thought that these differences reflect obscure microenvironmental factors in what would appear to be an epidemiologically homogeneous population.
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Walker JC, McMillan B. Breinlia mackerrasae n.sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the peramelid marsupial, Isoodon macrourus, with a note on Breinlia sp. from the 'mumut' (Peramelidae). J Helminthol 1974; 48:39-45. [PMID: 4825433 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x00022586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBreinlia mackerrasae n.sp. is described from the short-nosed bandicoot Isoodon macrourus. It bears most similarity to B. dentifera, but differs in having larger spicules and in the arrangement of the anal papillae. Female worms from a ‘mumut’ (Peramelidae) are described, but as no males are available, their taxonomic status remains uncertain. These are the first records of Breinlia from peramelid marsupials.
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McMillan B, Walker JC, Zaman V. Inability to transmit Breinlia sergenti to a marsupial, Trichosurus vulpecula. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1973; 4:438. [PMID: 4768723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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McMillan B. The value of rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of bilharziasis. Med J Aust 1972; 2:223. [PMID: 5074898 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1972.tb47242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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McMillan B. Pathology of Protozoal and Helminthic Diseases with Clinical Correlation. Pathology 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3025(16)39267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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McMillan B. Parasitology (Protozoology and Helminthology). Pathology 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3025(16)39508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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McMillan B. Trichinosis in Man and Animals. Pathology 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3025(16)39429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McMillan B. Further observations on ovale malaria in New Guinea. Trop Geogr Med 1968; 20:342-6. [PMID: 4179070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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McMillan B, Kelly A. Ovale malaria in eastern New Guinea. Trop Geogr Med 1967; 19:172-6. [PMID: 6054489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Black RH, Hennessy WB, McMillan B, Dew BB, Biggs JC. Studies on depot antimalarials. 2. The effect of a single injection of the depot antimalarial CI-564 on relapsing vivax malaria acquired in New Guinea. Med J Aust 1966; 2:808-11. [PMID: 5921847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Black RH, Hennessy WB, McMillan B, Dew BB, Biggs JC. STUDIES ON DEPOT ANTIMALARIALS: 2. THE EFFECT OF A SINGLE INJECTION OF THE DEPOT ANTIMALARIAL CI‐564 ON RELAPSING VIVAX MALARIA ACQUIRED IN NEW GUINEA. Med J Aust 1966. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1966.tb97528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. McMillan
- School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineSydney
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Black RH, Dew BB, Hennessy WB, McMillan B, Torpy DC. Studies on depot antimalarials. I. The effect of a single injection of the depot antimalarial CI-501 ("Camolar") on relapsing vivax malaria acquired in New Guinea. Med J Aust 1966; 2:588-92. [PMID: 5921546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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46
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Black RH, Dew BB, Hennessy WB, McMillan B, Torpy DC. STUDIES ON DEPOT ANTIMALARIALS: I. THE EFFECT OF A SINGLE INJECTION OF THE DEPOT ANTIMALARIAL CI‐501 (“CAMOLAR”) ON RELAPSING VIVAX MALARIA ACQUIRED IN NEW GUINEA. Med J Aust 1966. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1966.tb97364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B. McMillan
- School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineSydney
| | - D. C. Torpy
- School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineSydney
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McMillan B. Leishmaniasis in the Sudan Republic. 22. Leishmania hoogstraali sp. n. in the gecko. J Parasitol 1965; 51:336-9. [PMID: 5891518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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