1
|
Wang HF, Hu WH, Song QW, Yang SS, Ma CC, Wu CD, Li Q, Zhang XW, Pan C, Huang YZ. [Clinical study on the relationship between the exosomes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma and the severity of lung injury and outcome in early acute respiratory distress syndrome patients]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:935-941. [PMID: 35385965 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20211105-02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between the levels of exosomes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma and the severity of lung injury and its outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: Patients who were admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University and received invasive mechanical ventilation were selected from August 2020 to April 2021, and they were divided into ARDS group and non-ARDS group. Finally, 33 ARDS patients were included, including 18 males and 15 females, aged (65.5±15.5) years; 10 non-ARDS patients, 8 males and 2 females, aged (57.2±15.3) years. The BALF and plasma of the two groups of patients were collected within 24 hours after enrollment, and the total exosomes of the samples were collected by ultracentrifugation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was used to detect and compare the differences in exosome content between the two groups. Correlation of content with the severity and prognosis of lung injury in ARDS patients. Results: There was no significant difference in gender and age between ARDS group and non-ARDS group (both P>0.05). The exosome in plasma of ARDS group was significantly higher than that of non-ARDS group [(25.3±1.2)/ml vs (24.2±1.6)/ml, P=0.031], while the exosomes in BALF of ARDS group was also higher than that of non-ARDS group [(26.5±1.6)/ml vs (24.6±1.1)/ml, P=0.001]. The exosomes in BALF of patients with ARDS caused by intrapulmonary causes was higher than that in ARDS group caused by extrapulmonary causes [(26.9±1.5)/ml vs (25.2±0.9)/ml, P=0.01], and the infection caused by bacterial shows that the highest exosome level in BALF. The exosomes in the BALF of the mild ARDS group was significantly lower than that of the severe ARDS group [(25.7±1.3)/ml vs (27.2±1.5)/ml, P=0.038]; the exosomes in BALF of ARDS patients was negatively correlated with P/F ratio (r=-0.38, P=0.03); and it was positively correlated with Murray lung injury score (r=0.47, P=0.01). However, the static compliance levels, length of hospital stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and 28-day outcome were not associated with the exosomes in BALF. Conclusion: Compared with non-ARDS patients, ARDS patients have significantly higher levels of exosomes in BALF and plasma, there is a certain correlation between exosomes derived from BALF and the severity of lung injury in ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H F Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - W H Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Q W Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - S S Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - C C Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - C D Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - X W Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - C Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Y Z Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang QW, Deng J, Wu CD. [Prevalence betel nut abuse and its related factors among residents in Haikou City from 2013 to 2014]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 55:399-401. [PMID: 33730833 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200429-00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
From 2013 to 2014, the age of 924 residents recruited in Haikou City was (38±13) years old, of which 57.3% (529) were males. Those who chewed betel nuts accounted for 17.4% (161). According to the diagnostic criteria of substance abuse in the Fourth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the detection rate of betel nut abuse was 7.0% (65). Compared with those who were>30 years old, educated>6 years and non-smokers, people aged 15 to 30 years, education level less than 6 years and smoking behavior had higher risk of betel nut abuse, with the OR (95%CI) about 4.21 (1.48-11.99), 7.81 (1.92-31.69), and 13.53 (4.15-44.11), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q W Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - J Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - C D Wu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Anning Hospital, Hainan Province, Haikou 570206, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ge XS, Sun QJ, Xu XF, Liu S, Huang Y, Gao PY, Liu ZN, Peng XJ, Liu Y, Peng XY, Wu CD. [Clinical analysis and laboratory diagnosis of three cases with infantile botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type B]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2020; 58:499-502. [PMID: 32521963 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20191101-00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and laboratory diagnostic methods of infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type B. Methods: Clinical data of 3 infants with type B botulism who were admitted to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from May to November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Botulinum toxin was detected in fecal samples or fecal enrichment solution of the patients, and Clostridium botulinum was cultured and isolated from fecal samples. Results: The age of onset of the patients (two boys and one girl) was 3, 3 and 8 months old, respectively. Two cases had the onset in May and one case had the onset in November. There were two cases with mixed feeding and one case with breast feeding. One case's family members engaged in meat processing. All of them were previously healthy. All the children presented with acute flaccid paralysis, cranial nerve involvement and difficult defecation. Two cases had secondary urinary tract infection. Electromyograms of two cases showed that action potential amplitude of the motor nerve were lower than those of their peers. After treatments including intravenous human immunoglobulin, respiratory tract management, urethral catheterization, nasal feeding, etc., three cases recovered completely 2 to 4 months later. Type B botulinum toxin was detected in the fecal diluent of one patient, and the TPGYT enrichment solution and cooked meet medium of the feces of 3 patients, respectively. Clostridium botulinum B was identified from the feces of 3 infants after culture, isolation and purification. Conclusions: Combined with typical clinical manifestations including acute flaccid paralysis, cranial nerve involvement symptoms and difficult defecation examination, infant botulism can be clinically diagnosed. The detection of fecal botulinum toxin and the culture and isolation of Clostridium botulinum are helpful for the diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X S Ge
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Q J Sun
- Department of Food Science, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - X F Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - S Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Y Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - P Y Gao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Z N Liu
- Inspection and Quarantine Technical Training Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - X J Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Food Science, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - X Y Peng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - C D Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
An understanding of biofilm behavior of periodontopathic bacteria is key to the development of effective oral therapies. We hypothesized that interspecies bacterial aggregates play an important role in anaerobic biofilm establishment and proliferation, and contribute to the survivability of the biofilm against therapeutic agents. The system developed in this study assessed a multi-species ( Streptococcus gordonii, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) biofilm formation under anaerobic and flowing conditions with the use of an in situ image analysis system. The biofilm was comprised of a base film of non-aggregated cells and complex interspecies aggregates that formed in the planktonic phase which rapidly colonized the surface, reaching 58 ± 9% and 65 ± 11.8% coverage by 5 and 24 hrs, respectively. Upon SDS (0.1%) treatment of a 24-hour biofilm, substantial detachment (55 ± 14%, P < 0.05) of the aggregates was observed, while the base film bacteria remained attached but non-viable. Rapid re-establishment of the biofilm occurred via attachment of viable planktonic aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Filoche
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang ZL, Wu CD, Wang YJ, Tang JC, Liu YP. The performance of enhanced coagulation for treating slightly polluted raw water combining polyaluminum chloride with variable charge soil. Water Sci Technol 2014; 70:1907-1912. [PMID: 25521123 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility and effectiveness of treating pollutants in slightly polluted raw water by variable charge soil and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was investigated. Removal efficiencies of turbidity, phenol, aniline, algae and heavy metals (Cu(2+), Zn(2+) and Pb(2+)) were used to evaluate the coagulation performance. The results indicated that the addition of variable charge soil as a coagulant aid is advantageous due to the improvement of removal efficiencies. The tests also demonstrated that the presence of variable charge soil increased the removal of turbidity rather than adding residuary turbidity. The use of variable charge soil produced settleable flocs of greater density and bigger size. The main mechanism involved in the PAC coagulation was supposed to be sweep flocculation as well as charge-neutralization. Variable charge soil played a promoted aid role by adsorption in the enhanced coagulation process. It is concluded that the enhanced coagulation by PAC and variable charge soil, as coagulant and adsorbent, is more effective and efficient than traditional coagulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z L Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China E-mail:
| | - C D Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China E-mail: ; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration, Industry Clusters of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Y J Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China E-mail:
| | - J C Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China E-mail:
| | - Y P Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu CD, Wang L, Hu CX, He MH. Single-solute and bisolute sorption of phenol and trichloroethylene from aqueous solution onto modified montmorillonite and application of sorption models. Water Sci Technol 2013; 67:152-158. [PMID: 23128633 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2012.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The single-solute and bisolute sorption behaviour of phenol and trichloroethylene, two organic compounds with different structures, onto cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-montmorillonite was studied. The monolayer Langmuir model (MLM) and empirical Freundlich model (EFM) were applied to the single-solute sorption of phenol or trichloroethylene from water onto monolayer or multilayer CTAB-montmorillonite. The parameters contained in the MLM and EFM were determined for each solute by fitting to the single-solute isotherm data, and subsequently utilized in binary sorption. The extended Langmuir model (ELM) coupled with the single-solute MLM and the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) coupled with the single-solute EFM were used to predict the binary sorption of phenol and trichloroethylene onto CTAB-montmorillonite. It was found that the EFM was better than the MLM at describing single-solute sorption from water onto CTAB-montmorillonite, and the IAST was better than the ELM at describing the binary sorption from water onto CTAB-montmorillonite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu CD, Zhang JY, Wang L, He MH. Removal of aniline and phenol from water using raw and aluminum hydroxide-modified diatomite. Water Sci Technol 2013; 67:1620-1626. [PMID: 23552253 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of using raw diatomite and aluminum hydroxide-modified diatomite (Al-diatomite) for removal of aniline and phenol from water was investigated. Their physicochemical characteristics such as pHsolution, point of zero charge (pHPZC), surface area, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy was determined. After the raw diatomite was modified, the surface area of Al-diatomite increases from 26.67 to 82.65 m(2) g(-1). The pHPZC and pHsolution (10%) occurred around pH 5.2 and pH 8.6, respectively. The removal rates of aniline and phenol on diatomite and Al-diatomite decreased with increasing solution pH, while surface charge density decreased. The adsorption of aniline and phenol on diatomite presented a good fit to the Langmuir and Freundlich models, but the models are not fit to forecast the adsorption of aniline and phenol on Al-diatomite. The study indicated that electrostatic interaction was a dominating mechanism of aniline and phenol sorption onto Al-diatomite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valbuena JR, Medeiros LJ, Rassidakis GZ, Hao S, Wu CD, Chen L, Lin P. Expression of B cell-specific activator protein/PAX5 in acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22). Am J Clin Pathol 2006; 126:235-40. [PMID: 16891199 DOI: 10.1309/lg0q-0vxy-betj-4vhe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The blasts of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21)(q22;q22) frequently express the B-cell antigen CD19, which is regulated by B cell-specific activator protein (BSAP) encoded by the PAX5 gene, a protein important for B-cell lineage commitment and development. We assessed for BSAP expression in 28 AML cases with t(8;21) and 46 AML cases of other types. CD19 was expressed by 26 (93%) cases of AML with t(8;21) and 1 AML case (2%) without t(8;21). We also tested a subset of cases for the B-cell transcription factors Oct2 and OCA-B (BOB.1) and the B-cell antigens CD20, CD22, and CD79a. Immunostaining performed on bone marrow biopsy specimens demonstrated BSAP expression in all 28 AML cases with t(8;21): weak, 21; strong, 7. By contrast, BSAP was expressed weakly in only 1 AML case without t(8;21). Oct2 was expressed strongly in 12 of 16 AML cases with t(8;21) and 19 of 46 without t(8;21). OCA-B, CD20, CD22, or CD79a were negative in all cases assessed. These results indicate that silencing of PAX5 is not required for commitment to myeloid differentiation and that BSAP expression in AML is found mainly in cases with t(8;21).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- PAX5 Transcription Factor/genetics
- PAX5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Valbuena
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Valbuena JR, Medeiros LJ, Rassidakis GZ, Hao S, Wu CD, Chen L, Lin P. Expression of B Cell–Specific Activator Protein/PAX5 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)(q22;q22). Am J Clin Pathol 2006. [DOI: 10.1309/lg0q0vxybetj4vhe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
10
|
Meng LP, Zhao DM, Liu HX, Yang JM, Ning ZY, Wu CD, Han CX. Polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in Chinese domestic sika deer (Cervus nippon hortulorum). Anim Genet 2005; 36:266-7. [PMID: 15932416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L P Meng
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
A short term study of the chemical composition of rainwater was carried out from November 1999 to October 2000 in Singapore. The rainwater was typically acidic with a mean pH of 4.2. Sulfate was the most abundant ion and comparable to the results reported for other industrialized regions. The concentrations of major ions (NH(4)(+), Ca(2+), K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), SO(4)(2+), NO(3)(2-), Cl(-), HCOO(-), CH(3)COO(-)) varied monthly. Results show that local meteorological conditions influence the chemical compositions to a significant extent. The pollutants in rainwater were derived from long range and local (industry and traffic) sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G P Hu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Pulp and Environmental Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Choi SW, Bangaru BS, Wu CD, Finlay JL. Gastrointestinal involvement in disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) with durable complete response to 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and high-dose cytarabine. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2003; 25:503-6. [PMID: 12794533 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-200306000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of infants with gastrointestinal involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has been poor, with no specific chemotherapeutic regimen of clear benefit. An 8-month-old male, diagnosed with LCH by skin and gastrointestinal biopsies, was treated with several cycles of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, vinblastine and prednisone with only partial response. Ultimately, two cycles of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine concomitant with high-dose cytarabine led to a durable complete response. Twenty-seven months since the last course of chemotherapy, the patient continues to thrive free of disease. Treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and cytarabine should be considered for further study in patients with poor-prognosis LCH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung W Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Halogenated aromatic compounds exist widely in soil and aqueous environment. The study of their transport and distribution is quite important for pollution control and risk assessment. In the present work the adsorption coefficients of 28 halogenated benzenes, anilines and phenols on yellow-brown soil were measured with batch equilibrium method, and a prediction model was developed through the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) technique. Then the obtained model was tested with Monte Carlo simulation and Jacknife methods. The results indicated that it was robust enough to estimate soil adsorption behaviors for the tested compounds. Based on the obtained model it could be deduced that the adsorption of halogenated aromatics on yellow-brown soil was not a simple partitioning process but involved complicated interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Wei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, ESPC State Key Joint Laboratory, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chanan-Khan A, Holkova B, Perle MA, Reich E, Wu CD, Inghirami G, Takeshita K. T-cell clonality and myelodysplasia without chromosomal fragility in a patient with features of Seckel syndrome. Haematologica 2003; 88:ECR14. [PMID: 12745283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Seckel syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with characteristic craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal defects, mental and prenatal growth retardation. About 50 cases have been reported in the literature. Hematologic abnormalities with associated chromosomal fragility have been noted in about 15% of the reported cases. We report a patient with Seckel syndrome with myelodysplastic features and clonal T-cells in the bone marrow but no evidence of chromosomal fragility. After 5 years of follow-up, this patient remains asymptomatic without any treatment and with stable peripheral blood counts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asher Chanan-Khan
- Department of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu CD, Wei DB, Hu GP, Wang LS. Estimation of the sorption of substituted aromatic compounds onto modified clay. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 70:513-519. [PMID: 12592526 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C D Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Paper and Environmental Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
AIMS To determine the expediency of a microtitre assay system for establishing, quantifying and antimicrobial testing of two representative oral pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were used. Morphological characteristics of the attached population were evaluated. Biofilm growth was evaluated spectrophotometrically (undisturbed and 1 N NaOH dissipated biofilm). The minimum concentration of chlorhexidine gluconate that inhibited biofilm growth was determined. Growth of the biofilms was successfully monitored by direct optical density measurements or those re-suspended in 1 N NaOH. The latter was necessary when glucans were present in Strep. mutans biofilms. The minimum concentration of chlorhexidine gluconate that inhibited biofilm growth was 1.25 microg ml(-1) for both species. The attached bacteria exhibited common biofilm characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The assay system developed was especially useful for monitoring the growth of adherent Strep. mutans in the presence of glucans, which is particularly significant for the study of anti-plaque chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Roberts
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gorczyca W, Tsang P, Liu Z, Wu CD, Dong HY, Goldstein M, Cohen P, Gangi M, Weisberger J. CD30-positive T-cell lymphomas co-expressing CD15: an immunohistochemical analysis. Int J Oncol 2003; 22:319-24. [PMID: 12527929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristic histologic features and immunophenotype are usually diagnostic and allow distinguishing CD30 positive T-cell lymphoma (including anaplastic large cell lymphoma) from classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. The latter differs by expression of CD15 and lack of CD45, pan-T antigens and ALK expression. We report nine cases of large cell hematopoietic neoplasms in which the neoplastic cells co-expressed CD30 and CD15, and had immunophenotypic and morphologic features of T-cell lymphoproliferative process. The average age of the CD15-positive group was 61.9 years; 6 cases occurred in men and 3 in women. The tumors were located in lymph nodes in 8 cases, and in liver in 1 case. Two cases expressed ALK protein. There were no statistically significant differences in phenotypic parameters between the CD15-positive and CD15-negative neoplasms (p>0.05). However, the CD15-positive group appeared to show a minor trend toward less positivity for EMA (44% versus 72%), ALK protein (22% versus 51%), and CD45RO (33.3% versus 83.3%, p=0.07), when compared to the typical CD15-negative neoplasms. In summary, although the co-expression of CD30 and CD15 is typical for classical HL, it may be also present in a subset of peripheral T-cell neoplasms including ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Combined and sensible use of morphology and a broad immunophenotypic panel in cases with limited material and/or those with overlapping histologic patterns will best discriminate between HL and ALCL. It is incumbent upon the pathologist to distinguish between these two clinicopathologic entities, since treatment options and clinical outcomes differ.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alkaline Phosphatase/analysis
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Ki-1 Antigen/analysis
- Lewis X Antigen/analysis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/chemistry
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/classification
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mucin-1/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Retrospective Studies
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Coexpression of CD5 and CD10 is highly unusual in B-cell lymphomas and may pose a diagnostic challenge. We report 42 cases of B-cell lymphoma with simultaneous expression of CD5 and CD10. They made up approximately 0.4% of all B-cell lymphomas seen during the study period and included the following cases: large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), 14 (33%); follicular lymphoma (FL), 10 (24%); mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 9 (21%); chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 4 (10%); acute precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, 2 (5%); and other low-grade B-cell lymphomas, 3 (7%). All MCLs had overexpression of bcl-1 or the t(11;14) and were CD43+. All FLs had typical histomorphologic features and were bcl-2+ and bcl-6+ but CD43-. Of 14 LBCLs, 5 were histologically high-grade. Six (43%) of 14 patients with LBCL died within 10 months of diagnosis of CD5+CD10+ lymphoma (median survival, 4 months), including all 3 patients with stage IV disease and 2 of 5 with histologically high-grade lymphoma. Our findings indicate that coexpression of CD5 and CD10 is rare but occurs in diverse subtypes of B-cell lymphoma. Investigation of bcl-1, bcl-6, and CD43 and morphologic evaluation may resolve the potential confusion in diagnosis and lead to the recognition of the correct lymphoma subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Y Dong
- IMPATH Inc, 521W 57th St, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) typically expresses B-cell antigens and CD5 and overexpresses bcl-1 protein. However, unusual cases of bcl-1+ and CD5-MCL have been observed, posing a practical challenge for correct diagnosis and management. We identified 25 cases (48 samples) of bcl-1+ and CD5- lymphoma. CD5 expression was assessed by flow cytometric analysis alone (1 case), immunohistochemical analysis alone (17 cases), or dual flow cytometric/immunohistochemical methods (7 cases). The morphologic features were consistent with MCL with centrocytic cytomorphology in 20 cases and blastic variant in 5 cases. The t(11;14) was confirmed in 8 of 11 cases by fluorescence in situ hybridization of paraffin-embedded tissue. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the t(11;14) within a complex karyotype in 2 additional cases. These data show that MCL may lack CD5 expression. Evaluation of bcl-1 expression by immunohistochemical analysis or molecular genetics may be indicated if MCL is suspected clinically or morphologically despite a lack of CD5 expression.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gorczyca W, Weisberger J, Liu Z, Tsang P, Hossein M, Wu CD, Dong H, Wong JYL, Tugulea S, Dee S, Melamed MR, Darzynkiewicz Z. An approach to diagnosis of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders by flow cytometry. Cytometry 2002; 50:177-90. [PMID: 12116341 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders are among the most challenging diagnoses in hematopathology. Unlike the more common B-cell disorders, in which clonality is often readily discernible by surface immunoglobulin light chain restriction, there is no specific immunophenotypic signature that is diagnostic of a clonal T-cell population. Immunophenotypic criteria that are helpful in the diagnosis of T-cell neoplasms include T-cell subset antigen restriction, anomalous T-cell subset antigen expression, deletion or diminution of one of the pan T-cell antigens, a precursor T-cell phenotype, and expression of additional markers (e.g., CD30, CD20, major myeloid antigens, and TCRgammadelta). Analysis of the inherent forward and orthogonal light scatter properties of the cell can also provide important diagnostic clues. None of these features is 100% specific, however, for aberrant expression of pan-T antigens may be seen in viral infections, B-cell malignancies, or in reactive changes following administration of certain medications. An increased CD4:CD8 ratio is often observed in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Based on the analysis of 87 neoplastic and 80 control cases, we conclude that flow cytometric features that are most suspicious for malignancy include the loss or markedly dim expression of CD45; complete loss of one or more pan-T antigens; diminished expression of more than two pan-T antigens in conjunction with altered light scatter properties; and CD4/CD8 dual-positive or dual-negative expression (except thymic lesions).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Gorczyca
- Division of Hematopathology, IMPATH Inc., 521 West 57th Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
A 52-year-old previously healthy Caucasian woman presented with superior vena cava syndrome, secondary to compression of a bulky anterior mediastinal mass involving the right lung. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the mediastinum yielded large epithelioid cells intermingled with small mature lymphocytes. The epithelioid cells are LCA positive, expressing cytoplasmic CD3 diffusely and TIA-1 focally, but negative for EMA, CD4, CD8, CD15, CD20, CD30, and CD56. The TIA-1+ cytoplasmic granules correlated to the azurophilic granules in Diff-Quik-stained cells, pink granules in Ultrafast Papanicolaou-stained cells, and dense core granules in electron microscopy. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr viral RNA was negative. The background small lymphocytes were composed of a majority of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and minority of CD8+ T-lymphocytes. The patient responded well to six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy, followed by radiation with a total dose of 4140 cGy delivered to the mediastinum in 23 fractions. On the chest X-ray taken 6 mo later, there was minimal apical fibrosis with no evidence of an acute intrathoracic pathology. To the best of our knowledge, this case may be the first report of cytotoxic large T-cell lymphoma of the mediastinum.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biopsy, Needle
- Cytoplasmic Granules/chemistry
- Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism
- Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/chemistry
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/analysis
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Poly(A)-Binding Proteins
- Proteins
- RNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- RNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- T-Cell Intracellular Antigen-1
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace C H Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
It is generally accepted that oral hygiene maintenance through regular removal of dental plaque and food deposits is an essential factor in the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease. Methods for oral hygiene vary from country to country and from culture to culture. Despite the widespread use of toothbrushes and toothpastes, natural methods of tooth cleaning using chewing sticks selected and prepared from the twigs, stems or roots from a variety of plant species have been practised for thousands of years in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and the Americas. Selected clinical studies have shown that chewing sticks, when properly used, can be as efficient as toothbrushes in removing dental plaque due to the combined effect of mechanical cleaning and enhanced salivation. It has also been suggested that antimicrobial substances that naturally protect plants against various invading microorganisms or other parasites may leach out into the oral cavity, and that these compounds may benefit the users by protection against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. Some clinical epidemiological studies are in support of this, and many laboratory investigations have suggested the presence of heterogeneous antimicrobial components extractable using different chemical procedures. A few recent studies have identified some of the active antimicrobial compounds. Today, chewing sticks are still used in many developing countries because of religion and or tradition, and because of their availability, low cost and simplicity. The World Health Organization also encourages their use. The Year 2000 Consensus Report on Oral Hygiene states that chewing sticks may have a role to play in the promotion of oral hygiene, and that evaluation of their effectiveness warrants further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Wu
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612-7212, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wei DB, Wu CD, Zhang AQ, Liu XH, Wei ZB, Wang LS. Determination and estimation of aqueous solubilities and n-octanol/water partition coefficients for phenylacrylates. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 67:392-398. [PMID: 11479669 DOI: 10.1007/s001280137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2000] [Accepted: 05/25/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D B Wei
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Weng SF, Tai PM, Yang CH, Wu CD, Tsai WJ, Lin JW, Tseng YH. Characterization of stress-responsive genes, hrcA-grpE-dnaK-dnaJ, from phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris. Arch Microbiol 2001; 176:121-8. [PMID: 11479711 DOI: 10.1007/s002030100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2000] [Accepted: 05/07/2001] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sequencing of a 6.4-kb DNA fragment, cloned from the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 17 revealed five ORFs whose deduced amino acid sequences show strong similarities to the bacterial HrcA, GrpE, DnaK, DnaJ, and PdxK. The four heat shock genes are organized in the order hrcA-grpE-dnaK-dnaJ, a genome organization found in many gram-positive bacteria, but only in one gram-negative species (Xylella fastidiosa). These observations suggest that the HrcA-CIRCE system, comprising at least four genes arranged in this order, already existed for the regulation of stress responses before bacteria diverged into gram-negative and gram-positive groups. Primer-extension results suggested the presence of promoters at the regions upstream of grpE and dnaK. In the presence of stress, heat or ethanol (4%), the X. campestris pv. campestris 17 grpE and dnaK promoters were induced two- to three-fold over controls. Since the grpE and dnaK promoters possess E. coli sigma(32) promoter-like sequences, they are functional in E. coli, although at levels much lower than in X. campestris pv. campestris 17. Furthermore, expression of the X. campestris pv. campestris 17 dnaK promoter in E. coli was elevated by the cloned X. campestris sigma(32) gene, indicating that the cognate sigma(32) works more efficiently for the X. campestris promoters.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Gene Order/genetics
- Genes, Bacterial/genetics
- Genes, Reporter
- HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Response/genetics
- Hot Temperature
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- Operon/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/analysis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Species Specificity
- Transcription Initiation Site
- Transcription, Genetic
- Xanthomonas campestris/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S F Weng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu XH, Wu CD, Han SK, Wang LS. Predicting octanol/water partition coefficient using solvation free energy and solvent-accessible surface area. J Environ Sci (China) 2001; 13:299-303. [PMID: 11590759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The regression model for octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow), is founded with only two molecular descriptors available through quantum chemical calculations: solvation free energy (delta Gs), and solvent-accessible surface area (SASA). For the properties of 47 organic compounds from 17 types, the model gives a correction coefficient (adjusted for degrees of freedom) of 0.959 and a standard error of 0.277 log unit. It is a suitable way to predict the partition properties that are related to solute-solvent interactions in the water phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Department of Environmental Science, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu CD, Wei DB, Liu XH, Wang LS. Estimation of the sorption of substituted aromatic compounds on the sediment of the Yangtse River. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 66:777-783. [PMID: 11353381 DOI: 10.1007/s001280076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2000] [Accepted: 04/12/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C D Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Luo J, Yu F, Liu L, Wu CD, Mei XG. [Effect of dissolved oxygen on the suspension culture of Taxus chinensis]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2001; 17:215-7. [PMID: 11411235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dissolved oxygen controlled level on the taxol production by suspended cell culture of Taxus chinensis was examined in shake flasks and in a 20L aerated and agitated bioreactor with a six-flat-bladed turbine. It was found in shake flasks that oxygen supply exhibited significant influence on the production of taxol. Further investigation in bioreactor showed that noly 1.5 mg/L taxol was produced when DO(dissolved oxygen) level was 20%. Taxol production increased when DO level was increased to 40%-60%. Moreover, taxol accumulation was remarkably improved by the cultivation of cells initially at the DO level of 60% during the growth phase for 14 days followed by changing the DO level to 20%-40% during the taxol production phase for another 10 days. An optimum taxol level of 7.2 mg/L was obtained by the dissolved oxygen controlled process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
A case of leukemia cutis (LC) of monocytic lineage in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is presented. Cutaneous infiltrates were recognized concurrent with diagnosis of refractory anemia (RA) with monocytosis. Skin infiltrates subsequently spontaneously regressed although MDS progressed with increasing monocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Death occurred 6 months after diagnosis with evolution of acute monoblastic leukemia complicated by sepsis. This case supports previous observations of poor prognosis associated with leukemia cutis. LC associated with MDS is reviewed including the role of monocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Yavorkovsky
- Department of Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, New York 10201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu CD, Liu XH, Fan JC, Wang LS. Ultrasonic destruction of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in aqueous solution. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2001; 36:947-955. [PMID: 11501317 DOI: 10.1081/ese-100104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The sonochemical destruction of binary mixtures of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in aqueous solution at 30 kHz has been studied. The influences of initial concentration, bicarbonate/chloride, and acoustical intensity on the destruction rates have been observed. It was found that the destruction of the two compounds appeared to follow pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with the current experimental concentration range. The rate constant of chloroform for initial concentration as high as 100.4 mg/L decreased compared to initial concentration 36.13 micrograms/L, when the rate constants of carbon tetrachloride hardly changed. However, their destruction rates increased with increasing acoustical intensity and were independent of addition of bicarbonate or chloride. The resulting yield of ionic product (Cl-) for chloroform was determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Wu
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210093, P. R. of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The "floral" variant of follicle center lymphoma (FCL) may be confused with progressive transformation of germinal centers or lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry and gene rearrangement studies are usually sufficient to differentiate among these entities. We present 11 cases of floral FCL that were evaluated at our institution by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, or both and by polymerase chain reaction-based molecular analysis. In 4 cases, the neoplastic B cells coexpressed CD5 antigens; 3 of these 4 cases also were CD10+, and all demonstrated rearrangement within the bcl-2 locus. These findings demonstrate that a subset of floral FCL is CD5+. Recognition of this immunophenotype is important to avoid misdiagnosis of nodular variants of small lymphocytic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Studies suggest that expression of CD5 by neoplastic germinal center cells might result from alterations of the follicular microenvironment and/or inappropriate B-cell responses to cytokine networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Tiesinga
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Division, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weisberger J, Wu CD, Liu Z, Wong JY, Melamed MR, Darzynkiewicz Z, Gorczyca W. Differential diagnosis of malignant lymphomas and related disorders by specific pattern of expression of immunophenotypic markers revealed by multiparameter flow cytometry (Review). Int J Oncol 2000; 17:1165-77. [PMID: 11078802 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.17.6.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cell immunophenotyping and use of flow cytometry with the progressively improving software for multivariate analyses have revolutionized the diagnosis and influenced the classification of hematologic neoplasms. In this review we focus on the practical application of flow cytometry in the diagnosis and classification of malignant lymphomas and related lymphoproliferative disorders with special emphasis on differential diagnosis. A general approach to the utilization of flow cytometry (FC) in hematopathology with an algorithm to diagnose the most common neoplasms is presented. We discuss precursor B-cell neoplasms, mature B-cell neoplasms (SLL/CLL, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, plasma cell dyscrasias and lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation), precursor T-lymphoblastic leukemia and mature (peripheral) T-cell neoplasms, including T-SLL/PLL, anaplastic cell lymphomas and large granular cell leukemia/lymphoma. The text is accompanied by characteristic FC scatterplots of the discussed entities.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Biomarkers
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping/methods
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/metabolism
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/pathology
- Lymphoma/chemistry
- Lymphoma/classification
- Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/chemistry
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Plasmacytoma/diagnosis
- Plasmacytoma/metabolism
- Plasmacytoma/pathology
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Weisberger
- Division of Hematopathology, IMPATH Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stanford CM, Srikantha R, Kirchner HL, Wu CD. Removal of supragingival plaque in an intraoral model by use of the Sonicare toothbrush. J Int Acad Periodontol 2000; 2:115-9. [PMID: 12666969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate plaque removal efficacy of a mechanical toothbrush in a controlled in vivo trial. The study used enamel sections, obtained from extracted human teeth, to evaluate the efficacy of supragingival plaque removal by a mechanical powered toothbrush in various modes of use. Enamel sections were positioned in milled depressions on metal extensions of a maxillary partial denture that bilaterally extended along the buccal corridors. Four sections were used per side, positioned zero, 2 or 3mm from the surface of the metal extension. The prosthesis was worn for 16 hours, whereupon four enamel sections (two per side) were removed. Intra-oral brushing was then performed for 5 or 15 seconds on the remaining four sections. The total of adherent bacteria was then assayed from all enamel sections. Ten to twenty trials were performed (n=4 pairs/trial) for each set of variables. When the electric toothbrush was used as a manual brush ('off'), it was equivalent in plaque removal to a conventional toothbrush (Oral-B 35; P = 0.49). However, when the powered brush was in its active mode ('on'), it removed more bacteria (P < 0.0001); this efficacy was observed even when the bristle tips were at a distance from the plaque surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Stanford
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pavletic ZS, Arrowsmith ER, Bierman PJ, Goodman SA, Vose JM, Tarantolo SR, Stein RS, Bociek G, Greer JP, Wu CD, Kollath JP, Weisenburger DD, Kessinger A, Wolff SN, Armitage JO, Bishop MR. Outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:717-22. [PMID: 10745256 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in a series of patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Twenty-three B-CLL patients were transplanted between 1988 and 1997 using stem cells from a related (n = 20) or an unrelated donor (n = 3). The median age of the patients was 46 years, and the median number of prior chemotherapy regimens received was two. At transplantation, 14 patients had chemorefractory disease and 12 of these were refractory to fludarabine. The preparative regimens included total body irradiation (TBI) in 22 of the 23 cases. All patients received graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with cyclosporine and methotrexate. Twenty patients (87%) achieved a complete remission (CR). The incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 54%. Fourteen (61%) patients are alive and disease-free, including two with unrelated donors, at a median of 26 months (range, 9-115 months). Nine patients (39%) have died, one of whom had progressive B-CLL. The only favorable prognostic factor for failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) after alloSCT was the use of a cyclophosphamide/TBI rather than an etoposide/cyclophosphamide/TBI regimen (P = 0.03). The projected 5-year FFS, OS, and relapse rates after alloSCT were 65% (95% CI, 48-88%), 62% (95% CI, 43-88%), and 5% (95%, CI 0-13%), respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of high-dose therapy and alloSCT for inducing and maintaining a remission in patients with advanced or chemorefractory B-CLL. The low relapse rate may be due to an allogeneic graft-versus-leukemia effect.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cohort Studies
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Graft vs Host Disease/epidemiology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z S Pavletic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3330, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cai L, Wei GX, van der Bijl P, Wu CD. Namibian chewing stick, Diospyros lycioides, contains antibacterial compounds against oral pathogens. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:909-914. [PMID: 10725172 DOI: 10.1021/jf9909914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The twigs of Diospyros lycioides, a plant commonly known as "muthala", are frequently used as chewing sticks for the cleaning of teeth by rural and urban people in Namibia. Preliminary studies showed that a methanol extract of D. lycioides inhibited growth of selected oral pathogens. Subsequent bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of four novel bioactive naphthalene glycosides, diospyrosides A, B, C, and D (1-4), and two known bioactive naphthoquinones, juglone (5) and 7-methyljuglone (6). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR. These compounds inhibited the growth of oral cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis) and periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia) at minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.019 to 1.25 mg/mL. Juglone exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity among these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cai
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60612-7212, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim NC, Desjardins AE, Wu CD, Kinghorn AD. Activity of triterpenoid glycosides from the root bark of Mussaenda macrophylla against two oral pathogens. J Nat Prod 1999; 62:1379-1384. [PMID: 10543897 DOI: 10.1021/np9901579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Four new triterpenoid glycosides were isolated from the root bark of Mussaenda macrophylla. Their structures were determined as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-16alpha- hydrox y-23-deoxyprotobassic acid (1), 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-16alpha-hydroxy-23-deoxyprotobassic+ ++ acid (2), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-16alpha- hydrox yprotobassic acid (3), and 3-O-¿[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2 )-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)¿-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O- beta-D-glucopyranosyl-cycloarta-22,24-dien-27-oic acid (mussaendoside W, 4). Four known triterpenoids [3-O-acetyloleanolic acid (5), 3-O-acetyldaturadiol (6), rotundic acid (7), and 16alpha-hydroxyprotobassic acid (8)] were also isolated. The structures of 1-4 were determined by several spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR methods. Compounds 1-6 showed inhibitory activity against a periodontopathic bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, but were inactive against the cariogenic organism, Streptococcus mutans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C Kim
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chao AS, Chung CL, Wu CD, Chang SD, Cheng PJ, Lin YT, Soong YK. Second trimester maternal serum screening using alpha fetoprotein, free beta human chorionic gonadotropin and maternal age specific risk: result of chromosomal abnormalities detected in screen positive for Down syndrome in an Asian population. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999; 78:393-7. [PMID: 10326883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to determine the incidence of chromosome abnormalities in Taiwanese women undergoing prenatal chromosome analysis after a second trimester Down syndrome screening by using maternal age and serum dual-marker testing (alpha-fetoprotein and free-beta unit human chorionic gonadotropin). METHODS A total of 10,098 Taiwanese women with pregnancy between 15 and 23 weeks' gestation received second-trimester Down syndrome risk evaluation by dual-marker and maternal age specific risk testing in a single medical center. The study took 22 months. Ninety-seven percent of this study population was less than 34 years old. Ninety-six percent of our cases were screened between 15-20 weeks of gestation. This population was included only after a routine ultrasonography scan for correction of gestational age and exclusion of major structural anomalies. By using an algorithm to detect Down's syndrome, with a risk of 1:270 as a cut-off value, 816 patients were screen-positive for Down syndrome (screen-positive rate 8.0%). Karyotypes were reviewed for 670 (82.1%) mothers who received prenatal karyotype analysis. RESULTS Twelve cases of Down syndrome were identified in the screen positive group with an estimated detection rate of 67% (false positive rate 8%). Three cases of Down syndrome were detected in late trimester among the screen-negative group. Seven other fetal chromosome abnormalities were also found among the screen-positive pregnancy. In addition, seven cases were screen-positive for trisomy 18; all of these patients received amniocentesis and only one case was confirmed. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that this screening program combining alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (free-hCG) and maternal age-specific would achieve a screening efficiency in Taiwanese populations as comparable to those obtained in Caucasian populations. Our results also suggest that approximately 3% of pregnancies with a positive dual marker and maternal age-specific screen results will have a chromosome abnormality despite having a normal routine ultrasound scan. Mothers with positive screening results should be made aware of the implications of a positive result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Frizzera G, Wu CD, Inghirami G. The usefulness of immunophenotypic and genotypic studies in the diagnosis and classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms. An update. Am J Clin Pathol 1999; 111:S13-39. [PMID: 9894467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Frizzera
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu CD, Wickert RS, Williamson JE, Sun NC, Brynes RK, Chan WC. Using fluorescence-based human androgen receptor gene assay to analyze the clonality of microdissected dendritic cell tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 1999; 111:105-10. [PMID: 9894460 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/111.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The clonality of dendritic cell proliferations arising in patients with previously diagnosed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma has not been determined. The highly polymorphic human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) can be used to assess the pattern of X-chromosome inactivation and, hence, the clonality of tumors in female patients. In this study, specimens from 2 female patients with dendritic cell tumor following low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma were analyzed. Microdissection was performed on tissue sections to obtain representative tissues for analysis. The HUMARA polymerase chain reaction was modified to include a fluorochrome (6-carboxyfluorescein)-labeled primer so the product could be assessed with the ABI Genescan Analysis program for the Macintosh (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif). Our results indicate that dendritic cell proliferations associated with low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma are clonal lesions. Previous microdissection is very helpful in obtaining the desired cell populations for study. The use of a fluorescent primer coupled with the Genescan System is a novel, highly sensitive, quantitative system that avoids the use of radioactive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Wu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198-3135, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Three purified glucan binding proteins (GBP-2, GBP-3, and GBP-5) from Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 were compared structurally by mass spectroscopy of tryptic fragments and antigenically by Western blot analysis with rat antisera to each GBP or to peptides containing putative glucan binding epitopes of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferases. Structural and antigenic analyses indicated that GBP-3 and GBP-5 are very similar but that both are essentially unrelated to GBP-2. None of these S. sobrinus GBPs appeared to have a strong antigenic relationship with GBPs from Streptococcus mutans. Thus, S. sobrinus GBP-2 and GBP-3 appear to be distinct proteins with potentially different functions. S. sobrinus GBP-5 may be a proteolytic fragment of GBP-3, or, alternatively, the genes coding for these proteins may be closely related.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Smith
- Department of Immunology, Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pavletic ZS, Bierman PJ, Vose JM, Bishop MR, Wu CD, Pierson JL, Kollath JP, Weisenburger DD, Kessinger A, Armitage JO. High incidence of relapse after autologous stem-cell transplantation for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. Ann Oncol 1998; 9:1023-6. [PMID: 9818078 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008474526373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose therapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation (autoSCT) induces complete remissions in the majority of patients with advanced B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma (B-CLL). However, the long-term utility of this therapy for B-CLL is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen previously treated patients with B-CLL were transplanted using autologous blood (n = 13) or bone marrow (n = 3). The median age of the patients was 49 f1p4s (range 44-60 years), and the median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was two. Patients were eligible for transplantation if they had chemosensitive disease and no morphologic evidence of malignant cells in the graft. Preparative regimens included cyclophosphamide and total-body-irradiation, with or without cytarabine, or BEAC. RESULTS All patients engrafted and achieved a complete remission posttransplant. Ten patients were alive at a median of 41 months (range 22-125 months), and five were disease-free. Eight patients have relapsed and six have died (three from progressive malignancy). The projected three-year overall survival, failure-free survival and relapse rates were 68%, 37%, and 56%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AutoSCT for advanced B-CLL is associated with a high relapse rate. Whether this therapy can prolong life or produce cures is uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z S Pavletic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Our laboratory has engaged in the exploration of active antimicrobial principles present in chewing sticks commonly used by the African and Middle Eastern countries as a mechanical oral hygiene aid in place of tooth brushing. During this investigation, a methanol extract from the twigs of Diospyros lycioides, a Namibia tooth cleaning stick, demonstrated antimicrobial activity against common oral pathogens including Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis (MICs 2.5 and 0.156 mg/mL). Subsequent fractionation and purification of this extract led to the identification of two novel binaphathalenone glycosides: 1', 2-binaphthalen-4-one-2',3-dimethyl-1,8'-epoxy-1,4',5,5',8, 8'-hexahydroxy-8-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-5'-O-beta-xylopyranosyl(1-- >6) -beta-glucopyranoside (1) and 1',2-binaphthalen-4-one-2', 3-dimethyl-1,8'-epoxy-1,4',5,5',8,8'-hexahydroxy-5', 8-di-O-beta-xylopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-glucopyranoside (2). Their structures were established using spectroscopic techniques. Examination of the antimicrobial activity of these two compounds revealed positive but only marginal growth inhibition against the test cariogenic pathogens, S. sanguis and Streptococcus mutans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X C Li
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7212, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chang CL, Chao AS, Wu CD, Lien R, Cheng PJ. Ultrasound recognition and treatment of fetal supraventricular tachycardia with hydrops: a case report. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1998; 21:217-21. [PMID: 9729659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To manage fetal tachyarrhythmia induced hydrops, both a correct diagnosis and adequate intrauterine therapy are fundamentally important. We present a 32-week-gestational-age hydropic fetus with supraventricular tachycardia who responded dramatically after transplacental administration of high dose digoxin (1 mg intravenously daily). The baby was born at 36 weeks' gestation followed by a successful postnatal conversion. Prenatal fetal echocardiography is emphasized in determining appropriate treatment and monitoring fetal well-being which in this case resulted in a good outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Stanford CM, Srikantha R, Wu CD. Efficacy of the Sonicare toothbrush fluid dynamic action on removal of human supragingival plaque. J Clin Dent 1998; 8:10-4. [PMID: 9487839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fluid pressure and shear forces generated by the high frequency bristle motion of the Sonicare sonic toothbrush remove adherent colonies of cultured bacteria from model dental surfaces in vitro. These dynamic fluid effects can remove bacteria in vitro even at distances up to 4 mm beyond the tips of the bristles. To evaluate the efficacy of the Sonicare in removing actual human plaque deposits formed in vivo, an intraoral model was developed. Enamel sections were obtained from extracted human teeth and mounted on acrylic resin palatal prostheses, worn by two volunteers. Six enamel sections were arranged as three pairs at different locations on the prosthesis, and plaque was allowed to form overnight (approximately 16 h). The sections were removed, placed in phosphate-buffered saline, and exposed in vitro to the sonic toothbrush for 5, 10 or 15 seconds. The bristle tips were maintained at distances of 2 or 3 mm from the enamel surface. As a comparison, sections were also exposed to another electric toothbrush (Interplak) for 10 seconds using a distance of 3 mm between the bristles and the enamel. Following exposure to the toothbrushes, residual bacteria were removed from the sections by ultrasonication for 15 seconds, and total viable cell counts determined by serial dilution on blood agar plates. One section from each pair was used to measure total (baseline) microbial accumulation. At a distance of 3 mm between bristles and enamel, the sections exposed to Sonicare demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) plaque removal of 56-78% relative to non-treated controls. In contrast, the control electric brush did not demonstrate removal of plaque bacteria after 10 seconds exposure. These quantitative results were visually confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The findings demonstrate that the fluid dynamic activity generated by the sonic vibrations of the Sonicare toothbrush removed microbial plaque formed in vivo, even at a distance of 3 mm beyond its bristle tips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Stanford
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- C D Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taiwan Provincial Tainan General Hospital
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gelb AB, Sudilovsky D, Wu CD, Weiss LM, Medeiros LJ. Appraisal of intratumoral microvessel density, MIB-1 score, DNA content, and p53 protein expression as prognostic indicators in patients with locally confined renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 80:1768-75. [PMID: 9351546 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19971101)80:9<1768::aid-cncr11>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic values of intratumoral microvessel density (iMVD), tumor cell proliferation rate, DNA content (ploidy), and p53 protein expression are controversial or have not been well studied in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) confined to the kidney. METHODS A uniform group of 52 clear cell (conventional) RCCs confined to the kidney (classified as T1N0M0 or T2N0M0) were analyzed for iMVD, MIB-1 score, DNA content, S-phase fraction, and p53 protein expression by immunohistochemical methods or flow cytometry. iMVD was evaluated in a single area (X200, 1.15 mm2) representative of the highest MVD (neovascular "hot spot") after independently highlighting endothelial cells with antibodies specific for factor VIII-related antigen (F8/86) and CD31 (JC/70A). The MIB-1 antibody (Ki-67 antigen) score was used as a marker for the tumor cell proliferation rate. DNA content and S-phase fraction were determined by flow cytometry using paraffin embedded tissue. p53 expression was assessed using the D07 antibody. RESULTS The median time of clinical follow-up was > 9 years. Eleven patients died of disease; the median time to death was 26 months. iMVD counts using antifactor VIII and anti-CD31 were tightly correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.89). S-phase fraction was higher in aneuploid tumors than in diploid tumors (mean, 12.4% vs. 4.3%; P = 0.01). Using univariate survival analyses, tumor size (stage classification pT1 vs. PT2; P = 0.01) and nuclear grade (P = 0.04) were associated with shortened survival. No statistically significant differences in survival were found for iMVD, MIB-1 score, DNA content, S-phase fraction, or p53 expression. Only two cases strongly expressed p53 protein; both tumors were of high nuclear grade. Using multivariate survival analyses, nuclear grade and tumor size were the only independent prognostic factors (best model P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS In this study, nuclear grade and tumor size were found to be independent predictors of survival in locally confined clear cell (conventional) RCC, as has been shown previously for locally confined RCC in general. MIB-1 score, iMVD counts, DNA content, S-phase fraction, and p53 expression did not contribute additional prognostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Gelb
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
During the search for antimicrobial compounds from higher plant sources, a methanol extract of Ceanothus americanus demonstrated antimicrobial activity against selected oral pathogens. Through further bioassay-guided fractionation and purification, three triterpenes (ceanothic acid, 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid) and two flavonoids (maesopsin and maesopsin-6-O-glucoside) were identified. Among these, ceanothetric acid and maesopsin-6-O-glucoside were new compounds. Ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid demonstrated growth inhibitory effect against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia with MICs ranging from 42 to 625 micrograms ml-1. Maesopsin, its glucoside, and 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid, were inactive below the concentration of 500 micrograms ml-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X C Li
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Huang YH, Cheng PJ, Chao AS, Chiu TH, Chung CL, Wu CD, Hsueh C, Soong YK. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: four cases report. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1997; 20:207-13. [PMID: 9397612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAML) is a rare pulmonary lesion, characterized by excessive overgrowth of the terminal respiratory bronchioles. Prenatal detection and serial sonographic study of fetuses with CCAML can provide information about the natural history of these lesions and reveal most of the nature history of pathophysiologic features which are likely to affect the clinical outcome. This information is crucial to the formulation of a prognosis and a management strategy. We report on four cases of CCAML, three of which involved macrocystic lesions including two cases of type I and one case of type II. Only one microcystic lesion, a type III CCAML, was identified in these patients. All of the cases were diagnosed by ultrasound between the 21 and 24 weeks of gestation. Fetal hydropic change was noted in all four cases. All of the parents opted for termination of pregnancy before fetal viability. Post-mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis in all four cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
A case of dedifferentiated acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is presented. A 46-year-old man presented with a parotid gland mass. At surgery the tumor was found adherent to the temporal bone and cervical adenopathy was present. Treatment included radical parotidectomy and intraoperative radiotherapy. Histologically, the tumor was a composite of a usual low-grade acinic cell carcinoma and high-grade, poorly differentiated carcinoma. Cervical lymph node metastases were composed entirely of high-grade carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, both low- and high-grade malignant components were negative for p53 oncoprotein expression. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction and nonisotopic single-stranded conformational polymorphism analyses were consistent with a germ line configuration of the p53 gene, exons five through eight, in both low- and high-grade elements of the tumor. The literature on this unusual variant of acinic cell carcinoma is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Henley
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence 02903, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu CD, Chao AS, Cheng PJ, Soong YK. Ritodrine-induced leukopenia: a case report and literature review. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1996; 19:388-91. [PMID: 9041773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ritodrine hydrochloride, a beta 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been widely applied in the treatment of premature labor for many years and generally considered as a safe medication. It can however induce some serious side effects, such as pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, ketoacidosis, miscellaneous metabolic alterations, and leukopenia. This report presents a rare case of leukopenia in a Chinese woman as a result of low dose continuous intravenous infusion of ritodrine, in which the white blood cell count dropped rapidly and recovered quickly following the cessation of administration. The rapid and spontaneous reversal of leukopenia was most probably due to early recognition and intervention of this drug-induced side effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
A crude MeOH extract of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) exhibited preferential growth-inhibitory activity against Gram-negative anaerobic periodontal oral pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. By means of bioassay-directed chromatographic fractionation, eight active compounds were isolated from this extract and were identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone 8-C-beta-D-glucopyranoside, biflorin, kaempferol, rhamnocitrin, myricetin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and oleanolic acid, based on spectroscopic evidence. The antibacterial activity of these pure compounds was determined against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia. The flavones, kaempferol and myricetin, demonstrated potent growth-inhibitory activity against the periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis and P. intermedia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cai
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1010, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|