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Baltazar J, Betti R, Churnetski K, Gopalaswamy V, Knauer JP, Patel D, Rinderknecht HG, Shah RC, Stoeckl C, Williams CA, Regan SP. Diagnosing low-mode (ℓ < 6) and mid-mode (6 ≤ ℓ ≤ 60) asymmetries in the post-stagnation phase of laser-direct-drive deuterium-tritium cryogenic implosions on OMEGA. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:123513. [PMID: 36586930 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low- and mid-mode perturbations are possible candidates for performance limitations in cryogenic direct-drive implosions on the OMEGA laser at the Laboratory of Laser Energetics. Simulations with a 3D hydrocode demonstrated that hotspot imagers do not show evidence of the shell breakup in the dense fuel. However, these same simulations revealed that the low- and mid-mode perturbations in the dense fuel could be diagnosed more easily in the post-stagnation phase of the implosion by analyzing the peak in the x-ray emission limb at the coronal-fuel interface than before or at the stagnation phase. In experiments, the asymmetries are inferred from gated images of the x-ray emission of the implosion by using a 16-pinhole array imager filtered to record x-ray energies >800 eV and an x-ray framing camera with 40-ps time integration and 20-μm spatial resolution. A modal analysis is applied to the spatial distribution of the x-ray emission from deuterium and tritium cryogenic implosions on OMEGA recorded after the bang time to diagnose the low- and mid-mode asymmetries, and to study the effect that the beam-to-target ratio (Rb/Rt) has on the shell integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Baltazar
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R Betti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - K Churnetski
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - V Gopalaswamy
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - J P Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - D Patel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C A Williams
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
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Rinderknecht HG, Heuer PV, Kunimune J, Adrian PJ, Knauer JP, Theobald W, Fairbanks R, Brannon B, Ceurvorst L, Gopalaswamy V, Williams CA, Radha PB, Regan SP, Johnson MG, Séguin FH, Frenje JA. A knock-on deuteron imager for measurements of fuel and hotspot asymmetry in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:093507. [PMID: 36182458 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A knock-on deuteron imager (KoDI) has been implemented to measure the fuel and hotspot asymmetry of cryogenic inertial confinement fusion implosions on OMEGA. Energetic neutrons produced by D-T fusion elastically scatter ("knock on") deuterons from the fuel layer with a probability that depends on ρR. Deuterons above 10 MeV are produced by near-forward scattering, and imaging them is equivalent to time-integrated neutron imaging of the hotspot. Deuterons below 6 MeV are produced by a combination of side scattering and ranging in the fuel, and encode information about the spatial distribution of the dense fuel. The KoDI instrument consists of a multi-penumbral aperture positioned 10-20 cm from the implosion using a ten-inch manipulator and a detector pack at 350 cm from the implosion to record penumbral images with magnification of up to 35×. Range filters and the intrinsic properties of CR-39 are used to distinguish different charged-particle images by energy along the same line of sight. Image plates fielded behind the CR-39 record a 10 keV x-ray image using the same aperture. A maximum-likelihood reconstruction algorithm has been implemented to infer the source from the projected penumbral images. The effects of scattering and aperture charging on the instrument point-spread function are assessed. Synthetic data are used to validate the reconstruction algorithm and assess an appropriate termination criterion. Significant aperture charging has been observed in the initial experimental dataset, and increases with aperture distance from the implosion, consistent with a simple model of charging by laser-driven EMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P V Heuer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kunimune
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P J Adrian
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J P Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Fairbanks
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Brannon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L Ceurvorst
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - V Gopalaswamy
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C A Williams
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S P Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F H Séguin
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Dorobantu D, Riding N, Mcclean G, Sanz De La Garza M, Abuli Luch M, Adamuz C, Ryding D, Perry D, Mcnally S, Stuart AG, Sitges M, Oxborough D, Wilson M, Williams CA, Pieles GE. The role of segmental speckle tracking echocardiography in characterising right ventricle dilation patterns: a multicentre study on healthy adolescent athletes. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab289.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): UK Research and Innovation - Medical Research Council GW4 Studentship
Background
Right ventricle inflow (RV) dilation is a common adaptation to training in professional athletes, but how this impacts myocardial mechanics is yet unclear. Previous studies in athletes have found changes in segmental longitudinal strain (Sl), namely mid segment Sl, compared to normal controls, and have proposed RV dilation as a possible explanation. Whether different patterns of RV dilation are found in athletes, and if these influence regional RV mechanics is not known.
Purpose
To describe the patterns of RV dilation in healthy adolescent athletes and their relationship to segmental myocardial mechanics.
Methods
A total of 346 healthy athletes (<18 years) screened at 3 sports academies between 2014 and 2019 with measurements for RV Sl, RV basal and RV apical diameters were included. Four groups were defined based on the basal and apical RV diameters size relative to the whole group distribution: No RV dilation (both basal and apical RV diameter under the 25th percentile), basal dilation (only basal RV above the 75th percentile), apical dilation (only apical RV above the 75th percentile) and global dilation (both the basal and apical RV above the 75th percentile). The segmental Sl was compared between the groups using a one-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni correction.
Results
The mean (SD) age was 14.5 (1.6) years, with athletes coming from various ethnic (55% arab, 22% white and 22% black) and sports backgrounds (75% mixed, 11% power, 8% endurance and 6% skill). Based on the RV diameters, the following groups were defined: no dilation (n = 35), basal dilation (n = 53), apical dilation (n = 51) and global dilation (n = 33). There were variations in dilation pattern by ethnicity and practised sports (Figure 1).
RV free wall Sl was less negative ("lower") in the apical and global dilation groups compared to the no dilation group (-26.7% and -26.4% vs -28.6%, p = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). Mid segment Sl was consistently lower in all 3 dilation pattern groups, compared to the no dilation group (Figure 2, *denotes p < 0.05). Basal Sl was lower in the global dilation group compared to those with no dilation (p = 0.05). There were also differences between the basal and apical dilation groups: basal Sl was lower (p = 0.01) and apical Sl higher (p = 0.02) the apical dilation group.
Conclusions
RV dilation in healthy athletes can be global, predominately basal or predominately apical. Apical and global dilation were more prevalent in non-white ethnicity, endurance and power sports. Lower mid segment Sl values were observed in all 3 dilation patterns, but FW Sl was only lower in the apical and global dilation groups. This suggests that there are different patterns of RV remodelling in athletes, which can be further characterised using segmental strain analysis. Abstract Figure. RV dilation by ethnicity and sport Abstract Figure. RV segmental strain by RV dilation
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dorobantu
- University of Exeter, Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Riding
- ASPETAR Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - G Mcclean
- ASPETAR Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - M Abuli Luch
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Cardiology department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Adamuz
- ASPETAR Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - D Ryding
- Manchester United Football Club AON Training Complex, Football Medicine & Science Department, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Perry
- Manchester United Football Club AON Training Complex, Football Medicine & Science Department, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Mcnally
- Manchester United Football Club AON Training Complex, Football Medicine & Science Department, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - AG Stuart
- Bristol Heart Institute and Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Sitges
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Cardiology department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Oxborough
- John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Wilson
- University College London, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - CA Williams
- University of Exeter, Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - GE Pieles
- Bristol Heart Institute and Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, National Institute for Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Wei Y, Shrestha R, Pal S, Gerken T, Feng S, McNelis J, Singh D, Thornton MM, Boyer AG, Shook MA, Chen G, Baier BC, Barkley ZR, Barrick JD, Bennett JR, Browell EV, Campbell JF, Campbell LJ, Choi Y, Collins J, Dobler J, Eckl M, Fiehn A, Fried A, Digangi JP, Barton‐Grimley R, Halliday H, Klausner T, Kooi S, Kostinek J, Lauvaux T, Lin B, McGill MJ, Meadows B, Miles NL, Nehrir AR, Nowak JB, Obland M, O’Dell C, Fao RMP, Richardson SJ, Richter D, Roiger A, Sweeney C, Walega J, Weibring P, Williams CA, Yang MM, Zhou Y, Davis KJ. Atmospheric Carbon and Transport - America (ACT-America) Data Sets: Description, Management, and Delivery. Earth Space Sci 2021; 8:e2020EA001634. [PMID: 34435081 PMCID: PMC8365738 DOI: 10.1029/2020ea001634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ACT-America project is a NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-2 mission designed to study the transport and fluxes of greenhouse gases. The open and freely available ACT-America data sets provide airborne in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, trace gases, aerosols, clouds, and meteorological properties, airborne remote sensing measurements of aerosol backscatter, atmospheric boundary layer height and columnar content of atmospheric carbon dioxide, tower-based measurements, and modeled atmospheric mole fractions and regional carbon fluxes of greenhouse gases over the Central and Eastern United States. We conducted 121 research flights during five campaigns in four seasons during 2016-2019 over three regions of the US (Mid-Atlantic, Midwest and South) using two NASA research aircraft (B-200 and C-130). We performed three flight patterns (fair weather, frontal crossings, and OCO-2 underflights) and collected more than 1,140 h of airborne measurements via level-leg flights in the atmospheric boundary layer, lower, and upper free troposphere and vertical profiles spanning these altitudes. We also merged various airborne in situ measurements onto a common standard sampling interval, which brings coherence to the data, creates geolocated data products, and makes it much easier for the users to perform holistic analysis of the ACT-America data products. Here, we report on detailed information of data sets collected, the workflow for data sets including storage and processing of the quality controlled and quality assured harmonized observations, and their archival and formatting for users. Finally, we provide some important information on the dissemination of data products including metadata and highlights of applications of ACT-America data sets.
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Dorobantu D, Radulescu CR, Riding N, Mcclean G, Adamuz C, Ryding D, Perry D, Mcnally S, Stuart AG, Oxborough D, Wilson M, Williams CA, Pieles GE. Can left ventricular speckle tracking imaging be used in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy screening? A study of healthy paediatric athletes with and without echocardiographic criteria. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): The study was support by a contractual research partnership between the University of Bristol and Canon Medical Systems UK
Background
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy, with hypertrabeculation often observed in athletes. In confirmed LVNC, LV systolic strain and rotational mechanics have been shown to be abnormal. Whether healthy athletes meeting echocardiographic LVNC criteria exhibit abnormal myocardial mechanics is not known.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of healthy paediatric athletes meeting the Jenni criteria for LVNC and how this relates to LV systolic function and rotational mechanics.
Methods
Professional athletes under 18 years undergoing comprehensive pre-participation screening (2014-2017) at two sports academies were included. Jenni criteria for LVNC were assessed from short axis LV views. Global and segmental peak systolic longitudinal (Sl) and circumferential strain (Sc), basal rotation (basal Rot) and apical rotation (apical Rot) were calculated using speckle tracking imaging.
Results
A total of 201 boys (11.9-18 years, median 15.1 years) were included, with diverse ethnicity (47.7% Arab, 28.5% Black, 21.8% White, and 2% other) and sports background (60% football, 21.2% athletics, 18.8% other).
Of these n = 16 (8%) met the Jenni criteria for LVNC and were more likely to be of Black ethnicity than Arab or White (12.7% vs 4.4% or 9.5%). There were no differences in global, lateral or septal Sl, basal, mid or apical Sc, basal Rot or apical Rot between participants with or without Jenni criteria for LVNC (Table 1).
Conclusions
In healthy paediatric athletes, those meeting the criteria for LVNC (8%) do not have abnormal longitudinal, circumferential strain and rotational mechanics, compared to those without LVNC criteria. This finding supports the use of speckle tracking echocardiography as a tool in differentiating pathological changes reported in LVNC from exercise associated adaptations observed in athletes during preparticipation screening.
LV mechanics Jenni criteria presence With Jenni criteria Median (IQR) Without Jenni criteria Median (IQR) p value Global LV Sl -18.6% (-19.1;-17.7) -18.6% (-19.7;-17.8) 0.7 Lateral Sl -18.3% (-18.8;-17.2) -18.5% (-19.8;-17.6) 0.5 Septal Sl -18.6% (-20.6;-17.3) -18.7% (-20.1;-17.7) 0.7 Basal LV Sc -23% (-24.6;-21.6) -23.3% (-25.7;-21.6) 0.7 Mid LV Sc -24.9% (-27.1;-23.2) -25.1% (-27.1;-22.5) 0.9 Apical LV Sc -27.8% (-32.3;-24.8) -26% (30.5;-22.4) 0.2 Basal Rot -4o (-4.7;-2.5) -3.8o (-5.3;-2.5) 0.9 Apical Rot 6.4o (5.2;7.1) 4.4 (2.9;7.1) 0.2
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dorobantu
- University of Exeter, Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - CR Radulescu
- Carol Davila University Of Medicine And Pharm, Department of Paediatrics, Bucharest, Romania
| | - N Riding
- Aspetar Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - G Mcclean
- Aspetar Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - C Adamuz
- Aspetar Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - D Ryding
- Manchester United Football Club AON Training Complex, Football Medicine & Science Department, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Perry
- Manchester United Football Club AON Training Complex, Football Medicine & Science Department, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Mcnally
- Manchester United Football Club AON Training Complex, Football Medicine & Science Department, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - AG Stuart
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Congenital Heart Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Oxborough
- Liverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Wilson
- University College London, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - CA Williams
- University of Exeter, Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - GE Pieles
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Congenital Heart Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Dorobantu D, Riding N, Mcclean G, Adamuz C, Ryding D, Perry D, Mcnally S, Stuart AG, Oxborough DL, Willson M, Williams CA, Pieles GE. Can right ventricular speckle tracking imaging be used in arrhytmogenic cardiomyopathy screening? A study of healthy paediatric athletes with and without echocardiographic modified task force criteria. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): The study was support by a contractual research partnership between the University of Bristol and Canon Medical Systems UK.
Background
Arrhytmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes. Screening these individuals can be challenging due to right ventricular (RV) exercise-related remodelling, particularly right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dilation. Recent studies have also shown that peak RV longitudinal strain (Sl) measured by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is reduced in adolescents with definite and borderline ACM. The prevalence of RV changes meeting ACM criteria in healthy paediatric athletes, and whether these changes are associated with abnormal RV strain values is not known.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of healthy paediatric athletes meeting the ACM echocardiographic modified Task Force Criteria (mTFC) for RVOT dilation, and how this relates to RV longitudinal systolic function.
Methods
Athletes under 18 years old undergoing comprehensive pre-participation screening (2014-2017) at two sports academies were included. Global (RV-Sl) and free wall peak systolic strain (FW-Sl) were calculated using STE. Three groups were defined: meeting the major mTFC for RVOT size (M-mTFC), meeting the minor mTFC (m-mTFC) and not meeting the mTFC (no-mTFC). RV-Sl and FW-Sl were compared using the Kruskall Wallis test.
Results
A total of 247 boys (11.1-18 years, median 14.6 years) were included, with diverse ethnicity (53.1% Arab, 27.6% Black, 17.6% White, and 1.7% other) and sports background (50.6% football, 27.9% athletics, 21.5% other).
Of these n = 22 were in the M-mTFC group (8.9%), n = 93 in the m-mTFC group (37.7%) and n = 132 in the no-mTFC group (53.4%). No regional RV wall motion abnormalities were observed. There were no differences in RV-Sl or FW-Sl by mTFC Group (Table 1).
Conclusions
In healthy paediatric athletes, 9% met the major mTFC, and 38% met the minor mTFC for RVOT size. RV longitudinal strain was found to be similar between those who met the mTFC and those who did not. This highlights the probable non-pathological adaptations reflected by RVOT dilation in these individuals, as opposed to those seen in ACM. The results of this study suggest that STE can be a valuable tool in ACM screening in paediatric athletes, especially in cases where RV remodelling is present.
RV peak longitudinal strain by mTFC All M-mTFC n = 22 m-mTFC n = 93 no-mTFC n = 132 p value for between group comparison Global RV Sl (median, IQR) -23.3% (-25.2;-21.7) -23.3% (-25.5;-21.7) -23.4% (-25;-21.7) -23.3% (-25.5;-21.7) p = 0.8 Free wall RV Sl (median, IQR) 27.7% (-30;-25.2) -27.6% (-29.3;-25.2%) -28.1% (-29.7;-25) -27.5 (-30.5;-25.4) p = 0.9
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dorobantu
- University of Exeter, Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Riding
- Aspetar Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - G Mcclean
- Aspetar Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - C Adamuz
- Aspetar Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - D Ryding
- Manchester United Football Club AON Training Complex, Football Medicine & Science Department, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Perry
- Manchester United Football Club AON Training Complex, Football Medicine & Science Department, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Mcnally
- Manchester United Football Club AON Training Complex, Football Medicine & Science Department, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - AG Stuart
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Congenital Heart Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - DL Oxborough
- Liverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Willson
- University College London, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - CA Williams
- University of Exeter, Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - GE Pieles
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Congenital Heart Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Lopez-Nicora HD, Carr JK, Paul PA, Dorrance AE, Ralston TI, Williams CA, Niblack TL. Evaluation of the Combined Effect of Heterodera glycines and Macrophomina phaseolina on Soybean Yield in Naturally Infested Fields with Spatial Regression Analysis and in Greenhouse Studies. Phytopathology 2020; 110:406-417. [PMID: 31535924 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-19-0087-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode, and Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of charcoal rot, are economically important soybean pathogens. The impact and effect of these pathogens on soybean yield in coinfested fields in the Midwest production region is not known. Both pathogens are soilborne, with spatially aggregated distribution and effects. Spatial regression analysis, therefore, is an appropriate method to account for the spatial dependency in either the dependent variable or regression error term from data produced in fields naturally infested with H. glycines and M. phaseolina. The objectives of this study were twofold: to evaluate the combined effect of H. glycines and M. phaseolina on soybean yield in naturally infested commercial fields with ordinary least squares and spatial regression models; and to evaluate, under environmentally controlled conditions, the combined effect of H. glycines and M. phaseolina through nematode reproduction and plant tissue fungal colonization. Six trials were conducted in fields naturally infested with H. glycines and M. phaseolina in Ohio. Systematic-grid sampling was used to determine the population densities of H. glycines and M. phaseolina, and soybean yield estimates. Though not used in any statistical analysis, M. phaseolina colony forming units from plant tissue, charcoal rot severity, and H. glycines type were also recorded and summarized. In two greenhouse experiments, treatments consisted of H. glycines alone, M. phaseolina alone, and coinfestation of soybean with both pathogens. Moran's I test indicated that the yield from five fields was spatially correlated (P < 0.05) and aggregated. In these fields, to account for spatial dependence, spatial regression models were fitted to the data. Spatial regression analyses revealed a significant interaction effect between H. glycines and M. phaseolina on soybean yield for fields with high initial population densities of both pathogens. In the greenhouse experiments, H. glycines reproduction was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the presence of M. phaseolina; however, soybean tissue fungal colonization was not affected by the presence of H. glycines. The direct mechanisms by which H. glycines and M. phaseolina interact were not demonstrated in this study. Future studies must be conducted in the field and greenhouse to better understand this interaction effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Lopez-Nicora
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Universidad San Carlos, Alfredo Seiferheld 4989, Asunción, C.P. 1884, Paraguay
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - J K Carr
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - P A Paul
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A
| | - A E Dorrance
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, U.S.A
| | - T I Ralston
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - C A Williams
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - T L Niblack
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
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Denford S, Hill DM, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA, Barker AR, Williams CA. Using photo-elicitation to explore perceptions of physical activity among young people with cystic fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:220. [PMID: 31771568 PMCID: PMC6878712 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is recommended in the management of cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to explore motives, barriers and enablers to physical activity among this population. METHODS Twelve participants (12-18 years) were recruited via convenience sampling. Photo-elicitation alongside semi-structured interviews were used to explore participants' views and experiences of physical activity. RESULTS Our findings revealed motives for physical activity including health, enjoyment and autonomy. Those with families who valued physical activity tended to have positive attitudes towards physical activity, and valued and integrated it into their lives. Moreover, they were likely to be intrinsically motivated to be active. Several factors enable and act as barriers to physical activity. Whilst CF influenced physical activity, the majority of enablers and barriers raised where congruent with the general populations. CONCLUSION This study provides support that healthcare providers should encourage both young people with CF and their families to be active, and subsequently informs the development of clinical interventions to support physical activity among young people with CF and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Denford
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - D M Hill
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - K A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - M A McNarry
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - A R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - C A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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9
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Denford S, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA, Barker AR, Williams CA. Promotion of physical activity for adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a qualitative study of UK multi disciplinary cystic fibrosis teams. Physiotherapy 2019; 106:111-118. [PMID: 30992157 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cystic Fibrosis Trust recently published a standards of care document which stated that patients should be given a physical activity (PA) programme based on their motivations, fitness, and willingness to be active. However, there remains much debate regarding the roles and responsibilities for PA promotion, as well as "optimal" recommendations and advice. This study aimed to qualitatively explore cystic fibrosis (CF) multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) advice, recommendations and practices relating to PA promotion for adolescents with CF. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen members of CF MDTs (11 physiotherapists, two dieticians and two paediatricians). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Major themes identified were: (1) structure of MDTs, (2) recommendations relating to intensities, durations and types of PA, and (3) use of exercise testing. Participants reported variation between MDTs in terms of who is responsible for promoting and supporting PA, the nature of advice given to patients, and the use of exercise testing. Participants consistently lacked confidence in their own or others' knowledge to provide standardised recommendations to patients and highlighted that PA promotion and support was often overlooked during busy periods. CONCLUSIONS Despite its importance, PA support and promotion is not always prioritised. MDTs lack confidence in their ability to promote PA. Standardised advice and training relating to optimal intensities, durations and types of PA would provide a baseline from which to individualise advice to each patient and could increase confidence in PA promotion among MDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Denford
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK.
| | - K A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - M A McNarry
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, UK
| | - A R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - C A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
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10
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Krustrup P, Williams CA, Mohr M, Hansen PR, Helge EW, Elbe AM, de Sousa M, Dvorak J, Junge A, Hammami A, Holtermann A, Larsen MN, Kirkendall D, Schmidt JF, Andersen TR, Buono P, Rørth M, Parnell D, Ottesen L, Bennike S, Nielsen JJ, Mendham AE, Zar A, Uth J, Hornstrup T, Brasso K, Nybo L, Krustrup BR, Meyer T, Aagaard P, Andersen JL, Hubball H, Reddy PA, Ryom K, Lobelo F, Barene S, Helge JW, Fatouros IG, Nassis GP, Xu JC, Pettersen SA, Calbet JA, Seabra A, Rebelo AN, Figueiredo P, Póvoas S, Castagna C, Milanovic Z, Bangsbo J, Randers MB, Brito J. The "Football is Medicine" platform-scientific evidence, large-scale implementation of evidence-based concepts and future perspectives. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28 Suppl 1:3-7. [PMID: 29917263 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C A Williams
- CHERC, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M Mohr
- University of Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - P R Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - E W Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A-M Elbe
- Universitat Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-18, Endocrinology Division, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Dvorak
- Spine Unit, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Junge
- Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Hammami
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Benarous, Tunisia
| | - A Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M N Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - D Kirkendall
- James R. Urbaniak, Sport Sciences Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J F Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T R Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - P Buono
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Rørth
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, UK
| | - D Parnell
- Department of Economics, Policy & International Business, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - L Ottesen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Bennike
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J J Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A E Mendham
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Zar
- Department of Sport Science, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - J Uth
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Care Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hornstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Brasso
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Nybo
- NEXS, UCPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B R Krustrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Germany
| | - P Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J L Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Hubball
- Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - K Ryom
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health and Exercise is Medicine Global Research and Collaboration Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S Barene
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - J W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - J C Xu
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - S A Pettersen
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic Uniiversity of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J A Calbet
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Seabra
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal
| | - A N Rebelo
- Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Figueiredo
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal
| | - S Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD) University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
| | - C Castagna
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Fitness Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Footbal Association (FIGC), Technical Department, Coverciano, Italy
| | - Z Milanovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - J Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance of the oxidant-to-antioxidant ratio in the body. Increases in oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant status have been shown during endurance and intense exercise and eventing competition in horses. Antioxidants include vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and proteins that must be synthesized in the body or obtained from the diet. Therefore, exercise level and diet are both factors that play a role in influencing the oxidative stress and antioxidant status of the equine athlete. Along with exercise intensity and duration, diet, age, and training program can also affect oxidative stress in the horse. Several studies using exogenous supplementation of vitamin E, vitamin C, and alpha-lipoic acid have shown positive results in decreasing the effects of exercise (endurance and intense exercise)-induced oxidative stress and increasing the antioxidant status based on the markers and antioxidants measured, whereas other studies using superoxide dismutase showed little effects on the exercise horse. The "free radical theory of aging" states that long-term effects of the degenerative changes associated with aging may induce oxidative stress. However, in old horses (22 ± 2 yr), lipid peroxidation levels and blood antioxidant concentrations were similar to those found in younger but mature (12 ± 2 yr) horses both at rest and during exercise. Other studies found that yearlings (18 ± 2.4 mo) that are novel to forced exercise had less lipid peroxidation and greater antioxidant status than mature mares (13 ± 2.1 yr) prior to exercise training. Exercise training reduced oxidative stress markers and improved antioxidant status in mares, whereas few effects were seen in yearlings. This indicates that youth provided more defense against oxidative stress due to exercise than the exercise training program. Other studies during competition (endurance, jumping, eventing, and racing) have investigated the influence on oxidative stress with varying results. Despite the multitude of studies examining the levels of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status, and other related metabolites in the horse during exercise, we still have a long way to go before we fully understand the large variation in results both with and without antioxidant supplementation.
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12
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Tabet M, Jakhar S, Williams CA, Rawat U, Hailegiorgis YD, Flick LH, Chang JJ. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Spontaneous and Medically-Indicated Late Preterm Births among Adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2017; 30:63-70. [PMID: 27543000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the racial/ethnic differences in the correlates of spontaneous and medically-indicated late preterm birth (LPTB), defined as deliveries between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks gestation, among US adolescents. DESIGN Population-based, retrospective cohort study. SETTING Births in the United States to adolescents in 2012. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents (younger than 20 years; n = 171,573) who delivered nonanomalous singleton first births between 34 and 44 weeks of gestation. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations between maternal risk factors and spontaneous and medically-indicated LPTB, stratified according to maternal race/ethnicity. RESULTS Risk factors for spontaneous LPTB included single marital status among Asian adolescents; no insurance coverage among whites, Asian, and Hispanic adolescents; inadequate prenatal care among all racial/ethnic groups except American Indian, and adequate plus prenatal care among all races/ethnicities; prenatal smoking among whites and black adolescents; insufficient gestational weight gain among all racial/ethnic groups except American Indian; and prepregnancy underweight among white, black, and Hispanic adolescents. Risk factors for medically-indicated LPTB included inadequate prenatal care among white, black, and Hispanic adolescents, and adequate plus prenatal care among all racial/ethnic groups except Asian; insufficient gestational weight gain among white, black, and Hispanic adolescents; and prepregnancy overweight and obesity among white, black, and Hispanic adolescents. CONCLUSION Our results show racial/ethnic differences in the correlates of spontaneous and medically-indicated LPTB among US adolescents and support the need for risk-specific interventions among different racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tabet
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - S Jakhar
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - C A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - U Rawat
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Y D Hailegiorgis
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - L H Flick
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - J J Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
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13
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Martins Fernandes S, Badano L, Garcia Campos A, Erdei T, Mehdipoor G, Hanboly N, Michalski BW, Vriz O, Mo VY, Le TT, Ribeiro JM, Ternacle J, Yurdakul SELEN, Shetye A, Stoebe S, Lisowska A, Chinali M, Orabona M, Contaldi C, De La Chica JA, Codolosa JN, Trzcinski P, Prado Diaz S, Morales Portano JD, Ha SJ, Valente F, Joseph G, Valente F, Scali MC, Cordeiro F, Duchateau N, Fabris E, Costantino MF, Cho IJ, Goublaire C, Lam W, Galli E, Kim KH, Mariani M, Malev E, Zuercher F, Tang Z, Cimino S, Mahia P, De La Chica JA, Petrovic J, Ciobotaru V, Remsey- Semmelweiss E, Kogoj P, Guerreiro S, Saxena A, Mozenska O, Pontone G, Macaya Ten F, Caballero L, Avegliano G, Halmai L, Reis L, Trifunovic D, Gospodinova M, Makavos G, D'ascenzi F, Dantas Tavares De Melo M, Bonapace S, Kulkarni A, Cameli M, Ingvarsson A, Driessen MMP, Tufekcioglu O, Radulescu D, Barac A, Cioffi G, Almeida Morais L, Ledakowicz-Polak A, Portugal G, Naksuk N, Parato VM, Kovalova S, Cherubini A, Corrado G, Malev E, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Lesevic H, Laredj N, Pieles GE, Generati G, Van Zalen JJ, Aquila I, Cheng HL, Lanzoni L, Asmarats Serra L, Kadrabulatova S, Ranjbar S, Szczesniak-Stanczyk D, Sharka I, Di Salvo G, Ben Kahla S, Li L, Hadeed HA, Habeeb HA, Toscano A, Granata F, Djikic D, Wdowiak-Okrojek K, Girgis HYA, Sharma A, Soro C, Gallego Page JC, Corneli M, Teixeira R, Roussin I, Lynch M, Muraru D, Romeo G, Ermacora D, Marotta C, Aruta P, Cucchini U, Iliceto S, Martin-Fernandez M, De La Hera Galarza JM, Corros-Vicente C, Colunga Blanco S, Velasco-Alonso E, Leon-Aguero V, Rodriguez-Suarez ML, Moris De La Tassa C, Edwards J, Braim D, Price C, Fraser AG, Salmani F, Arjmand Shabestari A, Szymczyk E, Kupczynska K, Peczek L, Nawrot B, Lipiec P, Kasprzak JD, Driussi C, Ferrara F, Brosolo G, Antonini-Canterin F, Magne J, Aboyans V, Bossone E, Bellucci BM, Fisher JM, Balekian AA, Idapalapati S, Huang F, Wong JI, Tan RS, Teixeira R, Madeira M, Almeida I, Reis L, Siserman A, Dinis P, Dias L, Ramos AP, Goncalves L, Wan FW, Sawaki DS, Dubois-Rande JLDR, Adnot SA, Czibik GC, Derumeaux GD, Ercan G, Tekkesin ILKER, Sahin ST, Cengiz B, Celik G, Demircan S, Aytekin SAIDE, Razvi NA, Nazir SA, Price N, Khan JN, Kanagala P, Singh A, Squire I, Mccann GP, Langel M, Pfeiffer D, Hagendorff A, Ptaszynska-Kopczynska K, Marcinkiewicz-Siemion M, Knapp M, Witkowski M, Musial WJ, Kaminski K, Natali B, D' Anna C, Leonardi B, Secinaro A, Pongiglione G, Rinelli G, Renard S, Michel N, Mancini J, Haentjens J, Sitbon O, Habib G, Imbriaco M, Alcidi G, Santoro C, Buonauro A, Lo Iudice F, Lembo M, Cuocolo A, Trimarco B, Galderisi M, Mora Robles J, Roldan Jimenez MA, Mancisidor MA, De Mora MA, Alnabelsi T, Goykhman I, Koshkelashvili N, Romero-Corral A, Pressman GS, Michalski BW, Kupczynska K, Miskowiec D, Lipiec P, Kasprzak JD, Montoro Lopez N, Refoyo Salicio E, Valbuena Lopez SC, Gonzalez O, Alvarez C, Moreno Yanguela M, Bartha Rasero JL, De La Calle M, Guzman Martinez G, Suarez-Cuenca JA, Merino JA, Gomez Alvarez EB, Delgado LG, Woo YM, Bang WD, Sohn GH, Cheong SS, Yoo SY, Rodriguez Palomares JF, Gutierrez L, Maldonado G, Pineda V, Galian L, Teixido G, Gonzalez Allujas MT, Evangelista A, Garcia Dorado D, Zaremba T, Ekeloef S, Heiberg E, Engblom H, Jensen SE, Sogaard P, Rodriguez Palomares JF, Gutierrez L, Garcia G, Pineda V, Galian L, Teixido G, Gonzalez Allujas MT, Evangelista A, Garcia Dorado D, Dini FL, Galli F, Lattanzi F, Picano E, Marzilli M, Leao S, Moz M, Magalhaes P, Trigo J, Mateus PS, Ferreira A, Moreira JI, De Craene M, Legallois D, Labombarda F, Pellissier A, Sermesant M, Saloux E, Merlo M, Moretti M, Barbati G, Stolfo D, Gigli M, Pinamonti B, Sinagra G, Dores E, Matera A, Innelli P, Innelli P, Lopizzo A, Violini R, Fiorilli R, Cappabianca G, Picano E, Tarsia G, Seo J, Chang HJ, Heo R, Kim IC, Shim CY, Hong GR, Chung N, Melissopoulou MM, Nguyen V, Brochet E, Cimadevilla C, Codogno I, Vahanian A, Messika-Zeitoun D, Pontana F, Vassiliou V, Prasad S, Leclercq C, Samset E, Donal E, Lim DS, Bianchi G, Rossi F, Gianetti J, Marchi F, Cerone E, Nardelli A, Terrazzi M, Solinas M, Maffei S, Pshepiy A, Vasina L, Timofeev E, Reeva S, Zemtsovsky E, Brugger N, Jahren S, De Marchi SF, Seiler C, Jin CN, Tang H, Fan K, Kam K, Yan BP, Yu CM, Lee PW, Reali M, Silvetti E, Salatino T, Mancone M, Pennacchi M, Giordano A, Sardella G, Agati L, Tirado G, Nogales-Romo MT, Marcos-Alberca P, De Agustin A, Almeria C, Rodrigo JL, Garcia Fernandez MA, Macaya C, Perez De Isla L, Mancisidor M, Lara Garcia C, Vivancos R, De Mora M, Petrovic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Trifunovic D, Boricic-Kostic M, Petrovic I, Draganic G, Petrovic O, Tomic-Dragovic M, Furlan T, Ambrozic J, Mohorko Pleskovic PN, Bunc M, Ribeiras R, Abecasis J, Andrade MJ, Mendes M, Ramakrishnan S, Gupta SK, Juneja R, Kothari SS, Zaleska M, Segiet A, Chwesiuk S, Kroc A, Kosior DA, Andreini D, Solbiati A, Guglielmo M, Mushtaq S, Baggiano A, Beltrama V, Rota C, Guaricci AI, Pepi M, Pons Llinares J, Asmarats Serra L, Pericas Ramis P, Caldes Llull O, Grau Sepulveda A, Frontera G, Vaquer Segui A, Noris M, Bethencourt Gonzalez A, Climent Paya V, Martinez Moreno M, Saura D, Oliva MJ, Sanchez Quinones J, Garcia Honrubia A, Valdes M, De La Morena G, Terricabras M, Costabel JP, Ronderos R, Evangelista A, Venturini C, Galve E, Nemes A, Neubauer S, Rahman Haley S, Banner N, Teixeira R, Caetano F, Almeida I, Trigo J, Botelho A, Silva J, Nascimento J, Goncalves L, Tesic M, Jovanovic I, Petrovic O, Boricic-Kostic M, Dragovic M, Petrovic M, Stepanovic J, Banovic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Guergelcheva V, Chamova T, Sarafov S, Tournev I, Denchev S, Ikonomidis I, Psarogiannakopoulos P, Tsirigotis P, Paraskevaidis I, Lekakis J, Pelliccia A, Natali BM, Cameli M, Focardi M, Bonifazi M, Mondillo S, Lima C, Assed L, Kalil Filho R, Mady C, Bochi EA, Salemi VMC, Targher G, Valbusa F, Rossi A, Lanzoni L, Lipari P, Zenari L, Molon G, Canali G, Barbieri E, Li L, Craft M, Nanda M, Lorenzo JM, Kutty S, Bombardini T, Sparla S, Di Tommaso C, Losito M, Incampo E, Maccherini M, Mondillo S, Werther Evaldsson A, Radegran G, Stagmo M, Waktare J, Roijer A, Meurling CJ, Hui W, Meijboom FJ, Bijnens B, Dragulescu A, Mertens L, Friedberg MK, Sensoy B, Suleymanoglu M, Akin Y, Sahan E, Sasmaz H, Pasca L, Buzdugan E, Chis B, Stoicescu L, Lynce FC, Smith KL, Mete M, Isaacs C, Viapiana O, Di Nora C, Ognibeni F, Fracassi E, Giollo A, Mazzone C, Faganello G, Di Lenarda A, Rossini M, Galrinho A, Branco L, Timoteo AT, Rodrigues I, Daniel P, Rosa S, Ferreira L, Ferreira R, Polak L, Krauza G, Stokfisz K, Zielinska M, Branco LM, Galrinho A, Mota Carmo M, Teresa Timoteo A, Aguiar Rosa S, Abreu J, Pinto Teixeira P, Viveiros Monteiro A, Cruz Ferreira R, Peeraphatdit T, Chaiteerakij R, Klarich KW, Masia S, Necas J, Nistri S, Negri F, Barbati G, Cioffi G, Russo G, Mazzone C, Faganello G, Pandullo C, Di Lenarda A, Durante A, Rovelli E, Genchi V, Trabattoni L, Zerboni SC, Cattaneo L, Butti E, Ferrari G, Luneva E, Mitrofanova L, Uspensky V, Zemtsovsky E, Kasprzak JD, Rosner S, Karl M, Ott I, Sonne C, Ali Lahmar HM, Hammou L, Forsey J, Gowing L, Miller F, Ramanujam P, Stuart AG, Williams CA, Bandera F, Pellegrino M, Carbone F, Labate V, Alfonzetti E, Guazzi M, Patel NR, Raju P, Beale L, Brickley G, Lloyd GW, Fernandez-Golfin C, Gonzalez A, Rincon LM, Hinojar R, Garcia A, Megias A, Jimenez-Nacher JJ, Moya JL, Zamorano JL, Molon G, Canali G, Bonapace S, Chiampan A, Albrigi L, Barbieri E, Noris Mora M, Rodriguez Fernandez A, Exposito Pineda C, Grande C, Gonzalez Colino R, Macaya Ten F, Fernandez Vazquez X, Fortuny Frau E, Bethencourt Gonzalez A, Karvandi M, Blaszczyk R, Zarczuk R, Brzozowski W, Janowski M, Wysokinski A, Stanczyk B, Myftiu S, Teferici D, Quka A, Dado E, Djamandi J, Kresto L, Duka A, Kristo A, Balla I, Issa Z, Moiduddin N, Siblini G, Bulbul Z, Abid L, Abid D, Kammoun S, Rush E, Craft M, Goodwin J, Kreikemeier R, Cantinotti M, Kutty S, Zolaly MA, Khoshhal SQ, El-Harbi K, Tarawah A, Al-Hawsawi Z, Al-Mozainy I, Bakhoum SWG, Nabil MN, Elebrashy IN, Chinali M, Albanese S, Carotti A, Iacobelli R, Esposito C, Secinaro A, Moscogiuri G, Pasquini L, Malvezzi Caracciolo M, Bianchi RM, Caso P, Arenga F, Riegler L, Scarafile R, D'andrea A, Russo MG, Calabro' P, Simic DS, Peric VP, Mujovic NM, Marinkovic MM, Jankovic NJ, Shim A, Wejner-Mik P, Kasprzak JD, Lipiec P, Jain N, Kharwar R, Saran RK, Narain VS, Dwivedi SK, Sethi R, Chandra S, Pradhan A, Safal S, Marchetti MF, Cacace C, Congia M, Nissardi V, Ruscazio M, Meloni L, Montisci R, Gallego Sanchez G, Calero S, Portero JJ, Tercero A, Garcia JC, Barambio M, Martinez Lazaro R, Meretta AH, Perea GO, Belcastro F, Aguirre E, De Luca I, Henquin R, Masoli O. Poster session 2THE IMAGING EXAMINATIONP536Appropriate use criteria of transthoracic echocardiography and its clinical impact: a continuous challengeP537Implementation of proprietary plug-ins in the DICOM-based computerized echo reporting system fuels the use of 3D echo and deformation imaging in the clinical routine of a multivendor laboratoryP538Exercise stress echocardiography appropriate use criteria: real-life cases classification ease and agreement among cardiologistsANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART AND GREAT VESSELSP539Functional capacity in older people with normal ejection fraction correlates with left ventricular functional reserve and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity but not with E/e and augmentation indexP540Survey of competency of practitioners for diagnosis of acute cardiopulmonary diseases manifest on chest x-rayASSESSMENT OF DIAMETERS, VOLUMES AND MASSP541Left atrium remodeling in dialysis patients with normal ejection fractionP542The prediction of postinfarction left ventricular remodeling and the role of of leptin and MCP-1 in regard to the presence of metabolic syndromeP543Ascending aorta and common carotid artery: diameters and stiffness in a group of 584 healthy subjectsAssessments of haemodynamicsP544Alternate echo parameters in patients without estimable RVSPAssessment of systolic functionP545Reduced contractile performance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: determination using novel preload-adjusted maximal left ventricular ejection forceP546Left ventricular dimensions and prognosis in acute coronary syndromesP547Time course of myocardial alterations in a murine model of high fat diet: A strain rate imaging studyP548Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with premature ventricular contractionsP549Global myocardial strain by CMR-based feature tracking (FT) and tagging to predict development of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after acute st-elevation myocardial infarctionP550Echocardiographic analysis of left and right ventricular function in patients after mitral valve reconstructionP551The role of regional longitudinal strain assessment in predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and left bundle branch blockP552Speckle tracking automatic border detection improves echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular systolic function in repaired tetralogy of fallot patients: comparison with MRI findingsP553Echocardiography: a reproducible and relevant tool in pah? intermediate results of the multicentric efort echogardiographic substudy (evaluation of prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in pah)Assessment of diastolic functionP554Relationship between left ventricular filling pressures and myocardial fibrosis in patients with uncomplicated arterial hypertensionP555Cardiac rehabilitation improves echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function in patients with ischemic heart diseaseP556Diastolic parameters in the calcified mitral annulusP557Biomarkers and echocardiography - combined weapon to diagnose and prognose heart failure with and without preserved ejection fractionP558Diastolic function changes of the maternal heart in twin and singleton pregnancyIschemic heart diseaseP559Syntax score as predictor for the correlation between epicardial adipose tissue and the severity of coronary lesions in patients with significant coronary diseaseP560Impact of strain analysis in ergonovine stress echocardiography for diagnosis vasospastic anginaP561Cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking: a novel method to predict infarct transmurality in acute myocardial infarctionP562Infarct size is correlated to global longitudinal strain but not left ventricular ejection fraction in the early stage of acute myocardial infarctionP563Magnetic resonance myocardial deformation assessment with tissue tracking and risk stratification in acute myocardial infarction patientsP564Increase in regional end-diastolic wall thickness by transthoracic echocardiography as a biomarker of successful reperfusion in anterior ST elevation acute myocardial infarctionP565Mitral regurgitation is associated with worse long-term prognosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary interventionP566Statistical significance of 3D motion and deformation indexes for the analysis of LAD infarctionHeart valve DiseasesP567Paradoxical low gradient aortic stenosis: echocardiographic progression from moderate to severe diseaseP568The beneficial effects of TAVI in mitral insufficiencyP569Impact of thoracic aortic calcification on the left ventricular hypertrophy and its regression after aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosisP570Additional value of exercise-stress echocardiography in asymptomatic patients with aortic valve stenosisP571Valvulo-arterial impedance in severe aortic stenosis: a dual imaging modalities studyP572Left ventricular mechanics: novel tools to evaluate left ventricular performance in patients with aortic stenosisP573Comparison of long-term outcome after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty versus mitral valve replacement in moderate to severe mitral stenosis with left ventricular dysfunctionP574Incidence of de novo left ventricular dysfunction in patient treated with aortic valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitationP575Transforming growth factor-beta dependant progression of the mitral valve prolapseP576Quantification of mitral regurgitation with multiple jets: in vitro validation of three-dimensional PISA techniqueP577Impaired pre-systolic contraction and saddle-shape deepening of mitral annulus contributes to atrial functional regurgitation: a three-dimensional echocardiographic studyP578Incidence and determinants of left ventricular (lv) reverse remodeling after MitraClip implantation in patients with moderate-to severe or severe mitral regurgitation and reduced lv ejection fractionP579Severe functional tricuspid regurgitation in rheumatic heart valve disease. New insights from 3D transthoracic echocardiographyP58015 years of evolution of the etiologic profile for prosthetic heart valve replacement through an echocardiography laboratoryP581The role of echocardiography in the differential diagnosis of prolonged fever of unknown originP582Predictive value for paravalvular regurgitation of 3-dimensional anatomic aortic annulus shape assessed by multidetector computed tomography post-transcatheter aortic valve replacementP583The significance and advantages of echo and CT imaging & measurement at transcatherter aortic valve implantation through the left common carotid accessP584Comparison of the self-expandable Medtronic CoreValve versus the balloon-expandable Edwards SAPIEN bioprostheses in high-risk patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve implantationP585The impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on mitral regurgitation severityP586Echocardiographic follow up of children with valvular lesions secondary to rheumatic heart disease: Data from a prospective registryP587Valvular heart disease and different circadian blood pressure profilesCardiomyopathiesP588Comparison of transthoracic echocardiography versus cardiac magnetic for implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in primary prevention strategy dilated cardiomyopathy patientsP589Incidence and prognostic significance of left ventricle reverse remodeling in a cohort of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathyP590Early evaluation of diastolic function in fabry diseaseP591Echocardiographic predictors of atrial fibrillation development in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyP592Altered Torsion mechanics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: LVOT-obstruction is the topdog?P593Prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: what has changed in the guidelines?P594Coronary microcirculatory function as determinator of longitudinal systolic left ventricular function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyP595Detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction by tissue Doppler ehocardiography in patients with muscular dystrophiesP596Speckle tracking myocardial deformation analysis and three dimensional echocardiography for early detection of chemotherapy induced cardiac dysfunction in bone marrow transplantation patientsP597Left ventricular non compaction or hypertrabeculation: distinguishing between physiology and pathology in top-level athletesP598Role of multi modality imaging in familiar screening of Danon diseaseP599Early impairment of global longitudinal left ventricular systolic function independently predicts incident atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes mellitusP600Fetal cardiovascular programming in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity: insights from deformation imagingP601Longitudinal strain stress echo evaluation of aged marginal donor hearts: feasibility in the Adonhers project.P602Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular size and function following heart transplantation - Gender mattersSystemic diseases and other conditionsP603The impact of septal kinetics on adverse ventricular-ventricular interactions in pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary arterial hypertensionP604Improvement in right ventricular mechanics after inhalation of iloprost in pulmonary hypertensionP605Does the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome correct the right ventricular diastolic dysfunction?P606Predictors of altered cardiac function in breast cancer survivors who were treated with anthracycline-based therapyP607Prevalence and factors related to left ventricular systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective tissue-doppler echocardiography studyP608Diastolic and systolic left ventricle dysfunction presenting different prognostic implications in cardiac amyloidosisP609Diagnostic accuracy of Bedside Lung Ultrasonography in Emergency (BLUE) protocol for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolismP610Right ventricular systolic dysfunction and its incidence in breast cancer patients submitted to anthracycline therapyP611Right ventricular dysfunction is an independent predictor of survival among cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantCongenital heart diseaseP612Hypoplasia or absence of posterior leaflet: a rare congenital anomaly of the mitral valveP613ECHO screening for Barlow disease in proband's relativesDiseases of the aortaP614Aortic size distribution and prognosis in an unselected population of patients referred for standard transthoracic echocardiographyP615Abdominal aorta aneurysm ultrasonographic screening in a large cohort of asympromatic volounteers in an Italian urban settingP616Thoracic aortic aneurysm and left ventricular systolic functionStress echocardiographyP617Wall motion score index, systolic mitral annulus velocity and left ventricular mass predicted global longitudinal systolic strain in 238 patients examined by stress echocardiographyP618Prognostic parameters of exercise-induced severe mitral valve regurgitation and exercise-induced systolic pulmonary hypertensionP619Risk stratification after myocardial infarction: prognostic value of dobutamine stress echocardiographyP620relationship between LV and RV myocardial contractile reserve and metabolic parameters during incremental exercise and recovery in healthy children using 2-D strain analysisP621Increased peripheral extraction as a mechanism compensatory to reduced cardiac output in high risk heart failure patients with group 2 pulmonary hypertension and exercise oscillatory ventilationP622Can exercise induced changes in cardiac synchrony predict response to CRT?Transesophageal echocardiographyP623Fully-automated software for mitral valve assessment in chronic mitral regurgitation by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographyP624Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography provides more accurate orifice measurement in percutaneous transcatheter left atrial appendage closureP625Percutaneous closure of left atrial appendage: experience of 36 casesReal-time three-dimensional TEEP626Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography during pulmonary vein cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrilationP627Three dimensional ultrasound anatomy of intact mitral valve and in the case of type 2 disfunctionTissue Doppler and speckle trackingP629Left ventricle wall motion tracking from echocardiographic images by a non-rigid image registrationP630The first experience with the new prototype of a robotic system for remote echocardiographyP631Non-invasive PCWP influence on a loop diuretics regimen monitoring model in ADHF patients.P632Normal range of left ventricular strain, dimensions and ejection fraction using three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in neonatesP633Circumferential ascending aortic strain: new parameter in the assessment of arterial stiffness in systemic hypertensionP634Aortic vascular properties in pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta: a two-dimensional echocardiography derived aortic strain studyP635Assessment of cardiac functions in children with sickle cell anemia: doppler tissue imaging studyP636Assessment of left ventricular function in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: relation to duration and control of diabetesP637A study of left ventricular torsion in l-loop ventricles using speckle-tracking echocardiographyP638Despite No-Reflow, global and regional longitudinal strains assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography are predictive indexes of left ventricular remodeling in patients with STEMIP639The function of reservoir of the left atrium in patients with medicaly treated arterial hypertensionP640The usefulness of speckle tracking analysis for predicting the recovery of regional systolic function after myocardial infarctionP641Two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients with rheumatic severe mitral regurgitation and normal ejection fractionP642The prediction of left-main and tripple vessel coronary artery disease by tissue doppler based longitudinal strain and strain rate imagingP643Role of speckle tracking in predicting arrhythmic risk and occurrence of appropriate implantable defibrillator Intervention in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathyComputed Tomography & Nuclear CardiologyP644Cardiac adrenergic activity in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Correlation with echocardiographyP645Different vascular territories and myocardial ischemia, there is a gradient of association? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Varley-Campbell JL, Moore MS, Ewen RE, Williams CA. Perceived energy compensation following various sports: an age and sex comparison. Preliminary observations. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1344-5. [PMID: 26130299 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Following periods of physical activity, it is not uncommon for exercisers to increase their energy intake as a reward deemed 'earned'. Consumers' awareness of the energy within food and expended from exercise has previously been found to be limited. Therefore, the aim was to investigate whether habitual exercisers (50 adults and 49 children from 5 sports clubs) were able to conceptualise the energy expenditure (EE), following 1 h of their regular sports training, into a quantifiable amount of perceived energy compensation (PEC) in the form of food (chocolate) or drink (sports drink). Mean percentage accuracy for the PEC against EE matched <30% (± 29%), a significant underestimation irrespective of sex or sport. Percentage accuracy failed to significantly correlate to age. These findings indicate a necessity to improve nutrition education surrounding the energy costs of exercise relative to the energy contained within foods/drinks for both adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Varley-Campbell
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M S Moore
- School of Health Professions, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - R E Ewen
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - C A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, St Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Bond B, Gates PE, Jackman SR, Corless LM, Williams CA, Barker AR. Exercise intensity and the protection from postprandial vascular dysfunction in adolescents. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1443-50. [PMID: 25820392 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00074.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise transiently improves endothelial function and protects the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal (HFM). We sought to identify whether this response is dependent on exercise intensity in adolescents. Twenty adolescents (10 male, 14.3 ± 0.3 yr) completed three 1-day trials: 1) rest (CON); 2) 8 × 1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 75 s recovery [high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)]; and 3) cycling at 90% of the gas exchange threshold [moderate-intensity exercise (MIE)] 1 h before consuming a HFM (1.50 g/kg fat). Macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function was assessed before and immediately after exercise and 3 h after the HFM by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and laser Doppler imaging [peak reactive hyperemia (PRH)]. FMD and PRH increased 1 h after HIIE [P < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 1.20 and P = 0.048, ES = 0.56] but were unchanged after MIE. FMD and PRH were attenuated 3 h after the HFM in CON (P < 0.001, ES = 1.78 and P = 0.02, ES = 0.59). FMD remained greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE compared with MIE (P < 0.001, ES = 1.47) and CON (P < 0.001, ES = 2.54), and in MIE compared with CON (P < 0.001, ES = 1.40). Compared with CON, PRH was greater 3 h after the HFM in HIIE (P = 0.02, ES = 0.71) and MIE (P = 0.02, ES = 0.84), with no differences between HIIE and MIE (P = 0.72, ES = 0.16). Plasma triacylglycerol concentration and total antioxidant status concentration were not different between trials. We conclude that exercise intensity plays an important role in protecting the vasculature from the deleterious effects of a HFM. Performing HIIE may provide superior vascular benefits than MIE in adolescent groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bond
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - P E Gates
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - S R Jackman
- Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - L M Corless
- Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - C A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - A R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom;
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Steagall RJ, Sipe AL, Williams CA, Joyner WL, Singh K. Substance P release in response to cardiac ischemia from rat thoracic spinal dorsal horn is mediated by TRPV1. Neuroscience 2012; 214:106-19. [PMID: 22525132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) inhibits substance P (SP) release and decreases the expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the spinal cord at thoracic 4 (T4) during cardiac ischemia in rat models (Ding et al., 2007). We hypothesized that activation of TRPV1 in the T4 spinal cord segment by intermittent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (CoAO) mediates spinal cord SP release. Experiments were conducted in urethane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley male rats using SP antibody-coated microprobes to measure SP release at the central terminal endings of cardiac ischemic-sensitive afferent neurons (CISAN) in the spinal T4 dorsal horns. Vehicle, capsaicin (CAP; TRPV1 agonist) and capsazepine (CZP; TRPV1 antagonist) were injected into the left T4 prior to stimulation of CISAN by intermittent CoAO (with or without upper cervical SCS). CAP induced endogenous SP release from laminae I and II in the T4 spinal cord above baseline. Conversely, CZP injections significantly inhibited SP release from laminae I-VII in the T4 spinal cord segment below baseline. CZP also attenuated CoAO-induced SP release, while T4 injections of CZP with SCS completely restored SP release to basal levels during CoAO activation. CAP increased the number of c-Fos (a marker for CISAN activation) positive T4 dorsal horn neurons compared to sham-operated animals, while CZP (alone or during CoAO and SCS+CoAO) significantly reduced the number of c-Fos positive neurons. These results suggest that spinal release of the putative nociceptive transmitter SP occurs, at least in part, via a TRPV1 mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Steagall
- Department of Physiology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614-1708, United States.
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Komar S, Miskewitz R, Westendorf M, Williams CA. Effects of bedding type on compost quality of equine stall waste: Implications for small horse farms. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:1069-75. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Komar
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08901
| | - R. Miskewitz
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08901
| | - M. Westendorf
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08901
| | - C. A. Williams
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08901
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Lloyd RS, Oliver JL, Hughes MG, Williams CA. Specificity of test selection for the appropriate assessment of different measures of stretch-shortening cycle function in children. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2011; 51:595-602. [PMID: 22212261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine from a range of vertical jump and rebound tests, which were the most suitable to measure different forms of stretch-shortening cycle function, and whether such tests could be used interchangeably. METHODS Two hundred and fifty male youths (age, 12.26 ± 2.94 years; body mass, 47.11 ± 16.91 kg; standing height, 152.98 ± 17.40 cm; and sitting height, 76.89 ± 9.32 cm) were tested for squat and countermovement jump height, reactive strength index (during a maximal hopping test), and leg stiffness (during a sub-maximal hopping test). Stepwise multiple regressions were used to examine the relationships between different measures of SSC function in youths. RESULTS Absolute leg stiffness was best predicted by body mass (r2=62%), however the explained variance was significantly reduced when normalized to leg length and body mass (r2=15.3%). Squat jump height best explained the total variance for reactive strength index (r2=53.9%), whilst countermovement and squat jump height were the best predictors of each other (r2=86%). CONCLUSION Results would suggest that the test protocols used in this study were representative of different forms of SSC performance. Coaches and athletes should take these findings into account when attempting to select the appropriate testing protocols to measure the correct SSC action.
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Williams CA, Bailey SD, Mauger AR. External exercise information provides no immediate additional performance benefit to untrained individuals in time trial cycling. Br J Sports Med 2011; 46:49-53. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
The Angelman syndrome is caused by disruption of the UBE3A gene and is clinically delineated by the combination of severe mental disability, seizures, absent speech, hypermotoric and ataxic movements, and certain remarkable behaviors. Those with the syndrome have a predisposition toward apparent happiness and paroxysms of laughter, and this finding helps distinguish Angelman syndrome from other conditions involving severe developmental handicap. Accurate diagnosis rests on a combination of clinical criteria and molecular and/or cytogenetic testing. Analysis of parent-specific DNA methylation imprints in the critical 15q11.2-q13 genomic region identifies 75-80% of all individuals with the syndrome, including those with cytogenetic deletions, imprinting center defects and paternal uniparental disomy. In the remaining group, UBE3A sequence analysis identifies an additional percentage of patients, but 5-10% will remain who appear to have the major clinical phenotypic features but do not have any identifiable genetic abnormalities. Genetic counseling for recurrence risk is complicated because multiple genetic mechanisms can disrupt the UBE3A gene, and there is also a unique inheritance pattern associated with UBE3A imprinting. Angelman syndrome is a prototypical developmental syndrome due to its remarkable behavioral phenotype and because UBE3A is so crucial to normal synaptic function and neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dagli
- Raymond C. Philips Unit, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla., USA
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The main goal of feeding elite 3-day event horses is to deliver nutrients in optimal amounts to allow the horse to maximize its health and performance. However, improper nutritional management and/or physiological stressors related to intense training and competition may increase the risk of nutrition-associated disorders in these horses. An understanding of the nutrition-associated problems contributing to poor performance is critical to the health and welfare of the horse. OBJECTIVES To characterize the nutrition-associated problems affecting top level 3-day event horses during 2008. METHODS Contact information for riders competing in the 2 highest levels of 3-day eventing in 2008 was obtained from the United States Eventing Association. A survey containing 10 questions pertaining to participant demographics and nutrition-associated problems experienced by their horses was mailed and e-mailed to the 81 individuals fitting our criteria of living in USA and Canada. Data was collected in April and May 2009. RESULTS Twenty-nine of 81 riders completed the survey (35.8%). Respondents rode a total of 45 horses in top level 3-day events in 2008. The top 5 nutrition-associated problems that horses faced at a significantly higher level than the other problems (P < 0.0001) were gastric ulcers (42.2%), joint problems (37.7%), decreased appetite (31.1%), weight loss (31.1%) and hyperexcitability (22.2%). There was no significant difference in frequency of problems between home and competition (P = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS Horses competing at a high level of 3-day eventing in 2008 were at risk of reduced performance given the significant rate of gastric ulcers, decreased appetite and weight loss. Research addressing specific causes of and/or feeding management changes that would reduce the incidence of these problems in these horses is needed to ensure optimal health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Leahy
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, the State University, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Vitamin E is the most commonly supplemented antioxidant in horses; however, previous research is not conclusive as to the recommended level for exercising horses. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of 3 levels of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress and vitamin/antioxidant status in intensely exercised horses to determine the optimal level of vitamin E supplementation. METHODS Twelve unfit Standardbreds were divided into 3 groups, supplemented orally with 0 (CON), 5000 (MOD), or 10,000 (HI) iu/day of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. The 3 x 3 Latin square design consisted of three 4 week supplementation periods with 4 week wash out periods between. After each period, horses underwent a treadmill interval exercise test. Blood samples were collected and heart rate (HR) measured before, during and after exercise. Data were analysed using ANOVA with repeated measures in SAS. RESULTS The CON group had lower HR throughout the test compared to the MOD and HI groups (P<0.05). There was an increase in plasma retinol (RET), beta-carotene (BC), red blood cell total glutathione and glutathione peroxidase with exercise (P<0.05), but all groups returned to baseline after 24 h. Plasma alpha-tocopherol (TOC) increased from baseline with exercise (P<0.0001) in all groups; treatment differences were observed at 24 h (P<0.05). The HI and CON groups had lower BC compared to the MOD group (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Horses supplemented with vitamin E, at nearly 10-times the 1989 NRC recommended level, did not experience lower oxidative stress compared to control horses. Additionally, lower plasma BC levels observed in the HI group, which may indicate that vitamin E has an inhibitory effect on BC metabolism. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Supplementation above control levels is not more beneficial to oxidative stress and antioxidant status in intensely exercising horses; indeed, levels 10 times in excess may be detrimental to BC and should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Williams
- Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Cook Campus, Department of Animal Science, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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Greene EA, Griffin AS, Whittle J, Williams CA, Howard AB, Anderson KP. Development and usage of eXtension's HorseQuest: an online resource. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2829-37. [PMID: 20382882 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
eXtension (pronounced e-extension) is an online resource transforming how faculty can collaborate and deliver equine education. As the first Community of Practice launched from eXtension, HorseQuest (HQ) offers free, interactive, peer-reviewed, online resources on a variety of equine-related topics at http://www.extension.org. This group has adapted traditional educational content to the online environment to maximize search engine optimization, to be more discoverable and relevant in the online world. This means that HQ resources are consistently being found on the first page of search results. Also, by researching key words searched by Internet users, HQ has guided new content direction and determined potential webcast topics based on relevance and frequency of those searches. In addition to establishing good search engine optimization, HQ has been utilizing the viral networking aspect of YouTube by uploading clips of existing equine educational videos to YouTube. HorseQuest content appears in mainstream media, is passed on by the user, and helps HQ effectively reach their community of interest (horse enthusiasts). HorseQuest partners with My Horse University to produce webcasts that combine concise knowledge exchange via a scripted presentation with viewer chat and incoming questions. HorseQuest has produced and published content including 12 learning modules, 8 webchats, 21 webcasts, and 572 videos segments. After the official public launch, there was a steady increase in average number of visits/mo and average page views/mo over the 26-mo period. These regressions show a statistically significant increase in visits (P < 0.001) of approximately 450 visits per month and a significant increase in page views (P = 0.004) of about 373 page views per month. HorseQuest is a resource for several state 4-H advancement and competition programs and will continue to be incorporated into traditional extension programs, while reaching and affecting global audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Greene
- Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
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Mauger AR, Jones AM, Williams CA. The effect of non-contingent and accurate performance feedback on pacing and time trial performance in 4-km track cycling. Br J Sports Med 2009; 45:225-9. [PMID: 19858112 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.062844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the provision of comparative performance feedback during 4 km track cycling affects completion time. DESIGN Five highly trained male cyclists first performed a baseline (BL) 4-km time trial (TT) on a velodrome track, followed by two further randomised 4-km TT, during which riders received either correct (COR) or non-contingent (FAL) feedback based on their BL performance. RESULTS Participants completed the COR TT in a significantly faster time (t(4)=-3.10, p<0.05) than the FAL TT (341 (8) s vs 350 (12) s). Over the TT, a significant difference in mean speed was apparent between the two conditions (F(15,60)=1.95, p<0.05) on the second (t(4)=4.71, p<0.05), 15th (t(4)=3.45, p<0.05) and final lap (t(4)=3.30, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The significant difference in completion time and pacing strategy between the two conditions suggests that accurate, comparative performance feedback is beneficial to performance, especially during the start and end of an exercise bout. The results support the previously unfounded assumption that performance feedback is advantageous during exercise and highlights the importance of an athlete's support team during an event.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Mauger
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, UK.
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Barker AR, Williams CA, Jones AM, Armstrong N. Establishing maximal oxygen uptake in young people during a ramp cycle test to exhaustion. Br J Sports Med 2009; 45:498-503. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.063180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
The value of exercise testing as an objective measure of disease severity in patients with chronic chest diseases (CCD) is becoming increasingly recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in oxygen uptake (VO2) during early recovery following maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPXT) in relation to functional capacity and markers of disease severity. Twenty-seven children with CCD (age 12.7 +/- 3.1 years; 17 female) [19 children with Cystic fibrosis (CF) (age 13.4 +/- 3.1 years; 10 female) and 8 with other stable non-CF chest diseases (NON-CF) (age 11.1 +/- 2.2 years; 7 female)] and 27 healthy controls (age 13.2 +/- 3.3 years; 17 female) underwent CPXT on a cycle ergometer. On-line respiratory gas analysis measured VO2 before and during CPXT to peak VO2) (VO2(peak)), and during the first 10 min of recovery. Early VO2 recovery was quantified by the time (sec) to reach 50% of the VO2 (peak) value. Early VO2 recovery was correlated against spirometry [forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75))] and aerobic fitness (VO2)(peak)) as a measure of functional capacity. Disease severity was graded in the CF patients by the Shwachman score (SS). Compared to controls, children with CCD demonstrated a significantly reduced VO2(peak) (P = 0.011), FEV(1) (P < 0.001), FEF(25-75) (P < 0.001), and a significantly prolonged early (VO2) recovery (P = 0.024). In the CF patients the SS was significantly correlated with early VO2 recovery (r = -0.63, P = 0.004), FEV(1) (r = 0.72, P = 0.001), and FEF(25-75) (r = 0.57, P = 0.011). In the children with CCD, FEV(1), FEF(25-75), and BMI were not significantly correlated with VO2(peak) or early VO2 recovery. Lung function does not necessarily reflect aerobic fitness and the ability to recover from exercise in these patients. A significant relationship was found between VO2(peak) and early VO2 recovery (r = -0.39, P = 0.044) in the children with CCD, showing that a greater aerobic fitness corresponded with a faster recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stevens
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
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Haura EB, Williams CA, Chiappori AA, Adams J, Northfelt DW, Malik SM, Van Echo D, Edelman MJ, Berger M. A phase I trial of the small molecule pan-bcl-2 inhibitor obatoclax (GX15–070) in combination with docetaxel in patients with relapsed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.19035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vigil CE, Chiappori AA, Williams CA, Shrager HH, Murray BL, Letson DG, Sullivan DM, Garrett CR, D’Amato GZ, Agresta SV. Phase II study of sunitinib malate (SM) in subjects with metastatic and/or surgically unresectable non-GIST soft tissue sarcomas. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Chiappori AA, Tanvetyanon T, Williams CA, Antonia S, Litschauer S, Neuger A, Lush R, Haura EB. Phase I trial evaluating the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib in combination with the SRC kinase inhibitor dasatinib for patients with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bracke ME, Vanhoecke BWA, Derycke L, Bolca S, Possemiers S, Heyerick A, Stevens CV, De Keukeleire D, Depypere HT, Verstraete W, Williams CA, McKenna ST, Tomar S, Sharma D, Prasad AK, DePass AL, Parmar VS. Plant polyphenolics as anti-invasive cancer agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2008; 8:171-85. [PMID: 18288920 DOI: 10.2174/187152008783497037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because invasion is, either directly or via metastasis formation, the main cause of death in cancer patients, development of efficient anti-invasive agents is an important research challenge. We have established a screening program for potentially anti-invasive compounds. The assay is based on organotypic confronting cultures between human invasive cancer cells and a fragment of normal tissue in three dimensions. Anti-invasive agents appeared to be heterogeneous with regard to their chemical nature, but plant alkaloids, polyphenolics and some of their synthetic congeners were well represented. Even within this group, active compounds were quite diverse: (+)-catechin, tangeretin, xanthohumol and other prenylated chalcones, 3,7-dimethoxyflavone, a pyrazole derivative, an isoxazolylcoumarin and a prenylated desoxybenzoin. The data gathered in this system are now applied in two projects. Firstly, structure-activity relationships are explored with computer models using an artificial neural network approach, based on quantitative structural descriptors. The aim of this study is the prediction and design of optimally efficient anti-invasive compounds. Secondly, the metabolism of orally ingested plant polyphenolics by colonic bacteria is studied in a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME) and in human intervention trials. This method should provide information on the final bioavailability of the active compounds in the human body, with regard to microbial metabolism, and the feasibility of designing pre- or probiotics that increase the generation of active principles for absorption in the gastro-intestinal tract. The final and global aim of all these studies is to predict, synthesize and apply in vivo molecules with an optimal anti-invasive, and hence an anti-metastatic activity against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
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Williams CA, Gordon ME, Betros CL, McKeever KH. Apoptosis and antioxidant status are influenced by age and exercise training in horses. J Anim Sci 2007; 86:576-83. [PMID: 18156356 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight mature (12 +/- 2 yr; MAT) and 5 older (22 +/- 2 yr; OLD) Standardbred mares were used to test the hypothesis that aging and exercise training would alter apoptosis in white blood cells and antioxidant status. The horses were housed indoors overnight (16 h/d) in 3 m x 3 m stalls and were turned out in a drylot during the day. They were fed a diet consisting of total mixed ration, hay cubes fed ad libitum or an equine senior diet plus grass hay. Horses were trained for 20 to 30 min/d, 3 to 5 d/wk for 8 wk at a submaximal work intensity between 60 to 70% of maximal heart rate. A graded exercise test (GXT; stepwise test until exhaustion) was performed before (GXT1) and after (GXT2) the 8 wk of training. During the GXT, blood samples and heart rate were taken at rest, 6 m/s, fatigue, and at 5 and 60 min postfatigue. Fatigue plasma lactate concentration was greater in MAT (19.3 +/- 1.5 at 10 m/s) compared with the OLD (10.9 +/- 1.2 mmol/L at 9 m/s; P = 0.008) horses. There was no effect of age or training on plasma lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) concentration. However, there was a positive correlation between LPO and plasma lactate concentration (r = 0.27, P = 0.006) during acute exercise. There was a greater concentration of total glutathione after GXT1 than after GXT2 (111.8 +/- 5.0 vs. 98.6 +/- 3.4 microM, respectively; P = 0.0002) for both age groups. Apoptosis was less (P = 0.002) in white blood cells of the MAT vs. the OLD group. These results demonstrate that older horses are under similar amounts of oxidative stress, measured by LPO, and have similar levels of glutathione in their systems compared with mature horses. The observation that more glutathione was needed during GXT1 for both groups of horses indicates that training helps horses adapt their system for the intense post-training exercise tests. The greater level of white blood cell apoptosis also indicates that older horses may be immune-compromised during exercise. However, research still needs to be performed regarding dietary supplementation in the aged horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Williams
- Department of Animal Science, Equine Science Center, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08901, USA.
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Brickley G, Green S, Jenkins DG, McEinery M, Wishart C, Doust JD, Williams CA. Muscle Metabolism during Constant- and Alternating-Intensity Exercise around Critical Power. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28:300-5. [PMID: 17024627 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the metabolic responses to alternating high- and low-intensity exercise and, specifically, compared these responses to those seen during constant-load exercise performed at the same average power output. This study compared muscle metabolic responses between two patterns of exercise during which the intensity was either constant and just below critical power (CP) or that oscillated above and below CP. Six trained males (mean +/- SD age 23.6 +/- 2.6 y) completed two 30-minute bouts of cycling (alternating and constant) at an average intensity equal to 90 % of CP. The intensity during alternating exercise varied between 158 % CP and 73 % CP. Biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis muscle were taken before (PRE), at the midpoint and end (POST) of exercise and analysed for glycogen, lactate, PCr and pH. Although these metabolic variables in muscle changed significantly during both patterns of exercise, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between constant and alternating exercise for glycogen (PRE: 418.8 +/- 85 vs. 444.3 +/- 70; POST: 220.5 +/- 59 vs. 259.5 +/- 126 mmol x kg (-1) dw), lactate (PRE: 8.5 +/- 7.7 vs. 8.5 +/- 8.3; POST: 49.9 +/- 19.0 vs. 42.6 +/- 26.6 mmol x kg (-1) dw), phosphocreatine (PRE: 77.9 +/- 11.6 vs. 75.7 +/- 16.9; POST: 65.8 +/- 12.1 vs. 61.2 +/- 12.7 mmol x kg (-1) dw) or pH (PRE: 6.99 +/- 0.12 vs. 6.99 +/- 0.08; POST: 6.86 +/- 0.13 vs. 6.85 +/- 0.06), respectively. There were also no significant differences in blood lactate responses to the two patterns of exercise. These data suggest that, when the average power output is similar, large variations in exercise intensity exert no significant effect on muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brickley
- Chelsea School Research Centre, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom.
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Williams CA, Kronfeld DS, Hess TM, Saker KE, Waldron JE, Harris PA. Vitamin E intake and systemic antioxidant status in competitive endurance horses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/ecp200565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe objective was to compare vitamin E content in the total diet of Arabian horses competing in the 80 km Research Ride 2002 to the oxidative stress and antioxidant measures throughout the race. Prior to the race, riders completed a detailed nutritional survey, which was used to calculate vitamin E intake. Blood samples, temperature and heart rate were taken the day before the race, at 27 and 48 km during the race, at race completion or elimination and 3 h after race completion. Plasma lipid hydroperoxides, α-tocopherol (TOC), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, red and white blood cell total glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were measured. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation in SAS. From the survey, it was estimated that horses consumed 2265±114 IU day−1 of vitamin E. A negative correlation was found between the vitamin E intake and CK (r = −0.23; P = 0.002), and AST (r = −0.22; P = 0.003). A positive correlation was found between the vitamin E intake and plasma TOC (r = 0.15; P = 0.005) at all sample times. This suggests that intensely exercising horses supplemented with vitamin E may not have an improved welfare and performance if they are supplemented vitamin E versus what is naturally found in forages and commercial feeds.
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Williams CA, Kronfeld DS, Hess TM, Saker KE, Waldron JE, Crandell KM, Harris PA. Comparison of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in endurance horses in three 80-km races. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/ecp200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study tested our hypothesis that during an 80-kmResearch Ridein 2002 (R2) horses that did not finish (NF) the ride would have elevated muscle enzyme activities in the blood and changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress as compared to horses that finished (F) the ride. These results were then compared to previous rides –Old Dominion(OD) and theResearch Ride 2001(R1). For R2, 40 mostly Arabian horses competed and had blood samples collected before, at 27, 48 and 80 km, and 170 to 190 min after the 80-km race. Blood was collected similarly in R1 and OD. Blood was analysed for plasma lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), α-tocopherol (TOC), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), red and white blood cell total glutathione (GSH-T) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Data were analysed using a repeated measure ANOVA in SAS. Associations between muscle enzymes and antioxidant status were determined using Pearson's or Spearman's correlations. Activities of CK and AST were higher (P<0.05) before, during and after the ride in NF than in F; however, TOC, LPO, GSH-T and GPx were not different. In R2, negative correlations were found with GPx and CK (r= −0.21;P= 0.005), GPx and AST (r= −0.15;P= 0.05), and a positive correlation was found with GSH-T and CK (r= 0.18;P= 0.02). Values of CK, LPO, GPx and GSH-T were higher (P<0.05) in R2 than in R1 or OD. The overall comparison of 80-km endurance races suggests the importance of considering the horse's fitness, terrain, ambient conditions and calibre of race when interpreting results from markers of oxidative stress and muscle enzyme leakage.
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Hess TM, Kronfeld DS, Treiber K, Crandell KE, Waldron JN, Williams CA, Stanair WB, Lopes MA, Harris PA. Fat adaptation affects insulin sensitivity and elimination of horses during an 80 km endurance ride. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2007. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20070304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of age and recovery duration on performance during multiple treadmill sprints. Twelve boys (11.7 +/- 0.5 y) and thirteen men (22.1 +/- 2.9 y) performed ten consecutive 10-s sprints on a non-motorised treadmill separated by 15-s (R15) and 180-s (R180) passive recovery intervals. Mean power output (MPO), mean force output (MFO), running velocity, step length, and step rate were calculated for each sprint. Capillary blood samples were drawn from the fingertip at rest and 3 min after the tenth sprint to measure the lactate accumulation (Delta [La]). With R15, all mechanical parameters decreased significantly less in the boys than in the men over the ten sprints (MPO: - 28.9 vs. - 47.0 %, MFO: - 13.1 vs. - 25.6 %, running velocity: - 18.8 vs. - 29.4 %, p < 0.001, respectively). With R180, all mechanical values remained unchanged in the boys. In the men, MPO and MFO significantly decreased over the ten sprints (- 7.8 % and - 4.6 %, p < 0.05, respectively). The running velocity, however, did not decrease because the decrease in step rate (p < 0.001) was compensated by an increase in step length. For either recovery interval, Delta [La] values were higher in the men compared to the boys (R15: 12.7 vs. 7.7 mmol . L (-1), p < 0.001, R180: 10.7 vs. 7.7 mmol . L (-1), p < 0.05). To conclude, the boys maintained more easily their running performance than the men during repeated treadmill sprints with R15. Three-minute recovery periods were sufficient in the boys to repeat short running sprints without substantial fatigue. Despite the decrease in power and force outputs with R180, the young men were able to maintain their running velocity during the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ratel
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom.
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Symons JM, White R, Bhavsar N, Williams CA, Lee R, Breysse P, Samet J. Health-Related Quality of Life in Citizens of Saudi Arabia Exposed to Increased air Pollution During the 1991 Gulf War. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s120-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zori RT, Schatz DA, Ostrer H, Williams CA, Spillar R, Riley WJ. Relationship of autoimmunity to thyroid dysfunction in children and adults with Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet Suppl 2005; 7:238-41. [PMID: 2149955 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320370748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which autoimmunity contributes to thyroid dysfunction in Down Syndrome (DS) individuals has not been clarified. We studied 61 persons (34 males and 27 females) with DS (age 5 months to 48 years) for the presence of thyroid autoantibodies (thyroid microsomal antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies), pancreatic islet cell autoantibodies, gastric parietal cell autoantibodies, and adrenocortical autoantibodies. Thyroid function was determined by measurement of TSH. HLA-A, B and -DR typing was performed on 52 subjects. Forty of 61 subjects (66%) had thyroid dysfunction: elevated TSH values (greater than 5 mcIU/ml) were found in 35 of 61 individuals; 3 subjects had previously documented Hashimoto thyroiditis and were on therapy for hyperthyroidism; and 2 persons had Graves disease. No age or sex variation was detected. Seventeen (28%) subjects had thyroid autoantibodies. Fifteen of the 17 had thyroid dysfunction. Twelve of 25 subjects (48%) over 10 years with thyroid dysfunction had thyroid autoantibodies compared to only 3 of 15 (20%) under the age of 10 years. However, children less than of 10 years tended to have higher TSH values. Only 1 individual who had thyroid antibodies had gastric parietal cell autoantibodies present. Islet cell and adrenocortical autoantibodies were not found in any individuals. Neither thyroid dysfunction nor thyroid autoantibodies correlated with any HLA allele. These findings suggest that thyroid dysfunction in individuals with DS of all ages is a common heterogeneous disorder which cannot be solely explained on the basis of autoimmunity. We recommend that thyroid function be followed closely whether or not thyroid autoantibodies are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Zori
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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Williams CA, Frias JL, McCormick MK, Antonarakis SE, Cantu ES. Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular evaluation of a patient with partial trisomy 21 (21q11-q22) lacking the classical Down syndrome phenotype. Am J Med Genet Suppl 2005; 7:110-4. [PMID: 2149936 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320370722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular studies of an individual are presented here for the purpose of further characterizing what regions of chromosome 21q are essential for expression of the typical Down syndrome phenotype. This individual had a de novo, unbalanced translocation chromosome interpreted as: 45,XX,t(18;dup[21q]). Physical examination revealed mild manifestations, but not the typical phenotype of Down syndrome. The patient was studied using 20 single copy probes known to map to the 21q region. DNA polymorphism and dosage analyses showed triplication of loci D21S13 through D21S58 involving 21q11 to 21q22.1, and possibly involving the 21q22.2 region. Her clinical presentation, which did not include the classical findings of Down syndrome, suggests that regions distal to 21q22.1, when present in triplicate dose, account for the major manifestations of the classical phenotype. However, duplication of the area between the centromere and 21q22.1 may contribute to some of the other abnormalities in Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Williams CA, Wallace MR, Drury KC, Kipersztok S, Edwards RK, Williams RS, Haller MJ, Schatz DA, Silverstein JH, Gray BA, Zori RT. Blood lymphocyte chimerism associated with IVF and monochorionic dizygous twinning: Case report. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:2816-21. [PMID: 15375077 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on dizygotic (DZ) twins, conceived by IVF and ICSI with assisted hatching, who each had a mixture of 46,XX and 46,XY cells in blood lymphocytes. The female twin had mild genitalia abnormalities but further study revealed anatomically normal reproductive anatomy. Chromosome and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies of buccal, skin and ovarian tissue were normal, as were buccal tissue DNA studies. Fetal ultrasound and fetal membrane pathology were consistent with a monochorionic, diamniotic placenta (MCDAP). These twins thus have blood chimerism but are not chimeric in the other tissues studied. The mechanism for the chimerism could be due to either placental vascular anastamoses (after the development of the haematoblast stem cells) or due to an admixture of trophoblast cells during early blastocyst development. Such trophoblast cell admixtures would be restricted to the extraembryonic tissues so that general physical development in the fetus is normal and without somatic cell chimerism. This case in combination with others previously reported suggests that in IVF conceptions, the prevalence of blood chimerism associated with twinning, and the occurrence of DZ twinning associated with MCDAP, may be higher than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Williams
- The R.C.Philips Unit, Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Ratel S, Lazaar N, Dore E, Baquet G, Williams CA, Berthoin S, Van Praagh E, Bedu M, Duche P. High-intensity intermittent activities at school: controversies and facts. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2004; 44:272-80. [PMID: 15756166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to continuous aerobic type activity, little is known about high-intensity intermittent physical activity in children. Repeated short-term high-intensity activities (> maximal aerobic speed and <10 s) are more characteristic of the spontaneous physical activity of children. Recent studies have shown during repetitive bouts of sprints separated by short recovery intervals, that prepubescent children compared with adults are more able to maintain their performance without substantial fatigue. Moreover, repetitive runs at high velocities (near and higher than the maximal aerobic speed) separated by short recovery periods may elicit a high oxygen consumption in children. Several studies using interval training programmes for 7 weeks, twice a week for 30 min in physical education lessons showed that children's aerobic performance (maximal O2 uptake, maximal aerobic speed) could be enhanced. Training based on these repeated short-term high-intensity exercises could also improve children's anaerobic performance (short-term muscle power, strength and speed). Current evidence suggests that recovery from high-intensity exercises is faster in children than in adults and that repeated runs at high velocities separated by short recovery intervals can improve both aerobic and anaerobic performance. Although continuous aerobic type activity is more scientifically established as a training mode, repeated short-term high-intensity exercises in physical education programmes should be considered to enhance aerobic, as well as, anaerobic fitness in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ratel
- Inter university Laboratory of Biology of Physical and Sport Activities, Blaise-Pascal University, Clermond-Ferrand, France.
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Williams CA, Kronfeldt DS, Hess TM, Saker KE, Waldron JN, Crandell KM, Hoffman RM, Harris PA. Antioxidant supplementation and subsequent oxidative stress of horses during an 80-km endurance race1. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:588-94. [PMID: 14974559 DOI: 10.2527/2004.822588x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the development of oxidative stress and the effects of antioxidant supplementation in an 80-km ride. A precompetition survey revealed that no competitor would participate without vitamin E supplementation; therefore, 46 horses were paired for past performances and randomly assigned to two groups of 23 each for 3 wk of supplementation before the ride. One group (E) was orally supplemented with 5,000 IU of vitamin E per day; the other group (E+C) received that dose of vitamin E plus 7 g/d of vitamin C. Blood samples, temperature, and heart rate were taken the day before the race, at 21 and 56 km during the ride, at completion, and after 20 min of recovery. Plasma was assayed for lipid hydroperoxides, alpha-tocopherol, total ascorbate, albumin, creatine kinase (CK), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Total glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity were determined in red blood cells and white blood cells. Thirty-four horses completed the race, 12 horses (six in E and six in E+C) did not finish for reasons including lameness, metabolic problems, and rider option. Plasma ascorbate was higher (P = 0.045) in the E+C group than in the E group. Other than ascorbate, neither antioxidant status nor CK and AST activities were affected by supplementation with E+C vs. E. Red blood cell glutathione peroxidase, white blood cell total glutathione, lipid hydroperoxides, CK, and AST increased, and red blood cell total glutathione and white blood cell glutathione peroxidase activity decreased with distance (P < 0.001). Positive correlations were found for plasma lipid hydroperoxides on CK (r = 0.25; P = 0.001) and AST (r = 0.33; P < 0.001). These results establish an association between muscle leakage and a cumulative index of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Williams
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Cook College, New Brunswick 08901, USA.
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Ratel S, Lazaar N, Williams CA, Bedu M, Duché P. Age differences in human skeletal muscle fatigue during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Acta Paediatr 2003; 92:1248-54. [PMID: 14696843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It has been shown at similar relative work rates that children have higher resistance to fatigue than adults during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise. This age-related difference in fatigue resistance may be explained by factors including muscle mass, muscle morphology, energy metabolism and neuromuscular activation. CONCLUSION During high-intensity intermittent exercise, recovery periods play an important role in limiting fatigue. Age-related differences in fatigue resistance could also be explained by differences in the rates of resynthesis of some energetic substrates and the rates of removal of various muscle metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ratel
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie des Activités Physiques et Sportives, UFR de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, France.
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Abstract
Critical power (CP) is a theoretical construct derived from a series of constant load tests to failure. Many studies have examined the methodological limitations of deriving CP, but few studies have examined the responses to exercise at CP in well-trained individuals. The purpose of the present study was to examine the physiological responses to exercise at CP. Seven male subjects [mean (SD) body mass 75.6 (6.4) kg, maximum oxygen uptake 4.6 (0.7) l min(-1)] performed three constant load tests to derive CP. Subjects then exercised at CP until volitional exhaustion. Heart rate, oxygen consumption and blood lactate concentration were measured throughout. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences over time in heart rate 118 (24) to 177(5) beats min(-1), oxygen consumption 3.7 (0.6) to 4.1 (0.5) l min(-1)and blood lactate concentration 4.3 (1.8) to 6.5 (2.0) mM. All seven subjects completed 20 min of exercise with the range of time to failure at CP from 20 min 1 s to 40 min 37 s. Time to failure and maximum oxygen consumption were significantly correlated (r = 0.779, P < 0.05). We conclude, therefore, that CP does not represent a sustainable steady-state intensity of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brickley
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, BN20 7SP, UK.
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Hoffman RM, Hess TM, Williams CA, Kronfeld DS, Griewe-Crandell KM, Waldron JE, Graham-Thiers PM, Gay LS, Splan RK, Saker KE, Harris PA. Speed associated with plasma pH, oxygen content, total protein and urea in an 80 km race. Equine Vet J 2002:39-43. [PMID: 12405657 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that endurance performance may be related quantitatively to changes in blood, we measured selected blood variables then determined their reference ranges and associations with speed during an 80 km race. The plan had 46 horses in a 2 x 2 factorial design testing a potassium-free electrolyte mix and a vitamin supplement. Blood samples were collected before the race, at 21, 37, 56 and 80 km, and 20 min after finishing, for assay of haematocrit, plasma pH, pO2, pCO2, [Na+], [K+], [Ca++], [Mg++], [Cl-], lactate, glucose, urea, cortisol, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, creatine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, lipid hydroperoxides, total protein, albumin and creatinine, and erythrocyte glutathione and glutathione peroxidase. Data from 34 finishers were analysed statistically. Reference ranges for resting and running horses were wide and overlapping and, therefore, limiting with respect to evaluation of individual horses. Speed correlations were most repeatable, with variables reflecting blood oxygen transport (enabling exercise), acidity and electrolytes (limiting exercise) and total protein (enabling then, perhaps, limiting). Stepwise regressions also included plasma urea concentration (limiting). The association of speed with less plasma acidity and urea suggests the potential for fat adaptation and protein restriction in endurance horses, as found previously in Arabians performing repeated sprints. Conditioning horses fed fat-fortified and protein-restricted diets may not only improve performance but also avoid grain-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Hoffman
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0306, USA
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