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Kiltschewskij DJ, Harrison PF, Fitzsimmons C, Beilharz T, Cairns M. Extension of mRNA poly(A) tails and 3'UTRs during neuronal differentiation exhibits variable association with post-transcriptional dynamics. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8181-8198. [PMID: 37293985 PMCID: PMC10450200 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of neural progenitor cells into mature neuronal phenotypes relies on extensive temporospatial coordination of mRNA expression to support the development of functional brain circuitry. Cleavage and polyadenylation of mRNA has tremendous regulatory capacity through the alteration of mRNA stability and modulation of microRNA (miRNA) function, however the extent of utilization in neuronal development is currently unclear. Here, we employed poly(A) tail sequencing, mRNA sequencing, ribosome profiling and small RNA sequencing to explore the functional relationship between mRNA abundance, translation, poly(A) tail length, alternative polyadenylation (APA) and miRNA expression in an in vitro model of neuronal differentiation. Differential analysis revealed a strong bias towards poly(A) tail and 3'UTR lengthening during differentiation, both of which were positively correlated with changes in mRNA abundance, but not translation. Globally, changes in miRNA expression were predominantly associated with mRNA abundance and translation, however several miRNA-mRNA pairings with potential to regulate poly(A) tail length were identified. Furthermore, 3'UTR lengthening was observed to significantly increase the inclusion of non-conserved miRNA binding sites, potentially enhancing the regulatory capacity of these molecules in mature neuronal cells. Together, our findings suggest poly(A) tail length and APA function as part of a rich post-transcriptional regulatory matrix during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Kiltschewskij
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Paul F Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Chantel Fitzsimmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Traude H Beilharz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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2
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Chettab K, Fitzsimmons C, Novikov A, Denis M, Phelip C, Mathé D, Choffour PA, Beaumel S, Fourmaux E, Norca P, Kryza D, Evesque A, Jordheim LP, Perrial E, Matera EL, Caroff M, Kerzerho J, Dumontet C. A systemically administered detoxified TLR4 agonist displays potent antitumor activity and an acceptable tolerance profile in preclinical models. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1066402. [PMID: 37223101 PMCID: PMC10200957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1066402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are potent innate immunostimulants targeting the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an attractive and validated target for immunostimulation in cancer therapy. Although LPS possess anti-tumor activity, toxicity issues prevent their systemic administration at effective doses in humans. We first demonstrated that LPS formulated in liposomes preserved a potent antitumor activity per se upon systemic administration in syngeneic models, and significantly enhance the antitumor activity of the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab in mice xenografted with the human RL lymphoma model. Liposomal encapsulation also allowed a 2-fold reduction in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by LPS. Mice receiving an intravenous administration demonstrated a significant increase of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages at the tumor site as well as an increase of macrophages in spleen. Further, we chemically detoxified LPS to obtain MP-LPS that was associated with a 200-fold decrease in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. When encapsulated in a clinically approved liposomal formulation, toxicity, notably pyrogenicity (10-fold), was limited while the antitumor activity and immunoadjuvant effect were maintained. This improved tolerance profile of liposomal MP-LPS was associated with the preferential activation of the TLR4-TRIF pathway. Finally, in vitro studies demonstrated that stimulation with encapsulated MP-LPS reversed the polarization of M2 macrophages towards an M1 phenotype, and a phase 1 trial in healthy dogs validated its tolerance upon systemic administration up to very high doses (10µg/kg). Altogether, our results demonstrate the strong therapeutic potential of MPLPS formulated in liposomes as a systemically active anticancer agent, supporting its evaluation in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chettab
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Chantel Fitzsimmons
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexey Novikov
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Morgane Denis
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Antinéo, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Sabine Beaumel
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Fourmaux
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Norca
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emeline Perrial
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eva-Laure Matera
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Caroff
- HEPHAISTOS-Pharma, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Charles Dumontet
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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3
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Meale SJ, Ruiz-Sanchez AL, Dervishi E, Roy BC, Paradis F, Juárez M, Aalhus J, López-Campos Ó, Das C, Li C, Block H, Colazo MG, Straathof C, Bruce HL, Fitzsimmons C. Impact of genetic potential for residual feed intake and diet fed during early- to mid-gestation in beef heifers on carcass characteristics and meat quality attributes of their castrated male offspring. Meat Sci 2021; 182:108637. [PMID: 34333273 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carcass attributes of steers were examined for influences of selection for residual feed intake (RFI), and exposure to different levels of prenatal nutrition. Heifers characterized for RFI corrected for backfat were mated to bulls with genetic potential for either High-RFI or Low-RFI, such that the progeny were expected to be H/H or L/L RFI (sire/dam). Pregnant heifers were assigned to a low diet (Ldiet; 0.40 kg/d ADG), or moderate diet (Mdiet; 0.57 kg/d ADG), from 30 to 150 days of gestation, after which all heifers were managed similarly. Steer offspring (n = 23) were also managed similarly until slaughter. Dressing percentage of steers from H-RFI dams/sires exposed to Ldiet during gestation was lower than all other groups (P = 0.02). Marbling was greater for steers from H-RFI parents, as was fat content of longissimus thoracis et lumborum and triceps brachii (P ≤ 0.02). Results suggest that parental selection for RFI and prenatal maternal diet can influence carcass characteristics of progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Meale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - A L Ruiz-Sanchez
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - E Dervishi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - B C Roy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - F Paradis
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - M Juárez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - J Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Ó López-Campos
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - C Das
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - C Li
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - H Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M G Colazo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - C Straathof
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - H L Bruce
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - C Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada.
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4
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Manafiazar G, Fitzsimmons C, Zhou M, Basarab JA, Baron VS, McKeown L, Guan LL. Association between fecal methanogen species with methane production and grazed forage intake of beef heifers classified for residual feed intake under drylot conditions. Animal 2021; 15:100304. [PMID: 34245954 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction in greenhouse gas emission from beef production is essential to the survival of the beef industry from environmental and social-economic perspectives. There are different systems available to measure methane from animals, but they are expensive, not easily accessible, and not suitable for large-scale methane measurements on the farm. Therefore exploring indicator traits, which are easy to measure, cost-effective, and suitable for large-scale measurement, are recommended. The objectives of this study were to examine the diversity of fecal methanogen profile among efficient and inefficient beef heifers on pasture and investigate methanogen profile as a possible proxy to predict methane emission in beef cattle consuming a forage diet. Forty pregnant (1st trimester) heifers previously classified for postweaning residual feed intake adjusted for off-test back fat (RFIfat; 20 high and 20 low) were included in this study. To determine individual pasture grazing intake, heifers were dosed with 1 kg of C32 labeled pellets once per day from Day 0 to Day 12, and fecal samples were collected twice daily from Day 8 to Day 15. Fecal samples from Days 8, 10, and 12 were analyzed for their methanogen profile. Animals were monitored individually for methane and carbon dioxide production using a GreenFeed Emissions Monitoring system. Total methanogen population and methanogenic community diversity of fecal samples were not different (P > 0.1) between low and high RFIfat groups, as measured by quantitative PCR and α- and β-diversity indices. However, both groups had a different methanogen profile; the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter wolinii and relatives were higher (P < 0.002), while that of Methanosphaera species ISO3-F5 was lower (P < 0.01) in low RFIfat cattle compared to the high RFIfat group. We also demonstrated that fecal methanogen profiles may be a useful proxy in predicting daily methane and carbon dioxide emissions with an adjusted R2 of 0.53 and 0.33, respectively, for low RFIfat heifers and 0.46 and 0.57, respectively, for the high RFIfat group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manafiazar
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Fitzsimmons
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada.
| | - M Zhou
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J A Basarab
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - V S Baron
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - L McKeown
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L L Guan
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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5
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Mahmoudi E, Atkins JR, Quidé Y, Reay WR, Cairns HM, Fitzsimmons C, Carr VJ, Green MJ, Cairns MJ. The MIR137 VNTR rs58335419 Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia and Altered Cortical Morphology. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:495-504. [PMID: 32910167 PMCID: PMC8370045 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia have strongly implicated a risk locus in close proximity to the gene for miR-137. While there are candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with functional implications for the microRNA's expression encompassed by the common haplotype tagged by rs1625579, there are likely to be others, such as the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) variant rs58335419, that have no proxy on the SNP genotyping platforms used in GWAS to date. Using whole-genome sequencing data from schizophrenia patients (n = 299) and healthy controls (n = 131), we observed that the MIR137 4-repeats VNTR (VNTR4) variant was enriched in a cognitive deficit subtype of schizophrenia and associated with altered brain morphology, including thicker left inferior temporal gyrus and deeper right postcentral sulcus. These findings suggest that the MIR137 VNTR4 may impact neuroanatomical development that may, in turn, influence the expression of more severe cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mahmoudi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia
| | - Joshua R Atkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New
South Wales, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales,
Australia
| | - William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia
| | - Heath M Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia
| | - Chantel Fitzsimmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New
South Wales, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales,
Australia,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash
University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New
South Wales, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales,
Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of
Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, New Lambton,
Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +61 (02) 4921 8670, fax:
+61 (02) 4921 7903, e-mail:
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6
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Pinese M, Lacaze P, Rath EM, Stone A, Brion MJ, Ameur A, Nagpal S, Puttick C, Husson S, Degrave D, Cristina TN, Kahl VFS, Statham AL, Woods RL, McNeil JJ, Riaz M, Barr M, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Murray AM, Shah RC, Wolfe R, Atkins JR, Fitzsimmons C, Cairns HM, Green MJ, Carr VJ, Cowley MJ, Pickett HA, James PA, Powell JE, Kaplan W, Gibson G, Gyllensten U, Cairns MJ, McNamara M, Dinger ME, Thomas DM. The Medical Genome Reference Bank contains whole genome and phenotype data of 2570 healthy elderly. Nat Commun 2020; 11:435. [PMID: 31974348 PMCID: PMC6978518 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Population health research is increasingly focused on the genetic determinants of healthy ageing, but there is no public resource of whole genome sequences and phenotype data from healthy elderly individuals. Here we describe the first release of the Medical Genome Reference Bank (MGRB), comprising whole genome sequence and phenotype of 2570 elderly Australians depleted for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. We analyse the MGRB for single-nucleotide, indel and structural variation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. MGRB individuals have fewer disease-associated common and rare germline variants, relative to both cancer cases and the gnomAD and UK Biobank cohorts, consistent with risk depletion. Age-related somatic changes are correlated with grip strength in men, suggesting blood-derived whole genomes may also provide a biologic measure of age-related functional deterioration. The MGRB provides a broadly applicable reference cohort for clinical genetics and genomic association studies, and for understanding the genetics of healthy ageing. Healthspan and healthy aging are areas of research with potential socioeconomic impact. Here, the authors present the Medical Genome Reference Bank (MGRB) which consist of over 4,000 individuals aged 70 years and older without a history of the major age-related diseases and report on results from whole-genome sequencing and association analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pinese
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma M Rath
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Stone
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie-Jo Brion
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sini Nagpal
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Clare Puttick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane Husson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dmitry Degrave
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Vivian F S Kahl
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron L Statham
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn L Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John J McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margo Barr
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anne M Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Raj C Shah
- Department of Family Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua R Atkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantel Fitzsimmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Heath M Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A James
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Warren Kaplan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Marcel E Dinger
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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7
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Mahmoudi E, Kiltschewskij D, Fitzsimmons C, Cairns MJ. Depolarization-Associated CircRNA Regulate Neural Gene Expression and in Some Cases May Function as Templates for Translation. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010025. [PMID: 31861825 PMCID: PMC7017197 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a relatively new class of RNA transcript with high abundance in the mammalian brain. Here, we show that circRNAs expression in differentiated neuroblastoma cells were significantly altered after depolarization with 107 upregulated and 47 downregulated circRNAs. This coincided with a global alteration in the expression of microRNA (miRNA) (n = 269) and mRNA (n = 1511) in depolarized cells, suggesting a regulatory axis of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA is involved in the cellular response to neural activity. In support of this, our in silico analysis revealed that the circular transcripts had the capacity to influence mRNA expression through interaction with common miRNAs. Loss-of-function of a highly expressed circRNA, circ-EXOC6B, resulted in altered expression of numerous mRNAs enriched in processes related to the EXOC6B function, suggesting that circRNAs may specifically regulate the genes acting in relation to their host genes. We also found that a subset of circRNAs, particularly in depolarized cells, were associated with ribosomes, suggesting they may be translated into protein. Overall, these data support a role for circRNAs in the modification of gene regulation associated with neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mahmoudi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.M.); (D.K.); (C.F.)
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Dylan Kiltschewskij
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.M.); (D.K.); (C.F.)
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Chantel Fitzsimmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.M.); (D.K.); (C.F.)
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (E.M.); (D.K.); (C.F.)
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-02-4921-8670; Fax: +61-02-4921-7903
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8
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Fitzsimmons C, Devos J, Li C, Paradis F, Straathof C, Penner G, Hare K, McKinnon J, Añez-Osuna F, Block H, Colazo M, Bruce H. 14 Signatures of pre-natal nutrition in cattle: adaptations in DNA methylation, gene expression, and post-natal growth. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Devos
- Agrilculture and Agri-Food Canada/University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - F Paradis
- Agrilculture and Agri-Food Canada/University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - G Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - K Hare
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agriculture Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - J McKinnon
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - F Añez-Osuna
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - H Block
- Agrilculture and Agri-Food Canada,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Colazo
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - H Bruce
- University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
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9
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Ekine-Dzivenu C, Akanno E, Chen L, McKeown L, Irving B, Baker L, Vinsky M, Miller S, Wang Z, Crowley J, Colazo M, Ambrose D, Juarez M, Bruce H, MacNeil M, Plastow G, Basarab J, Li C, Fitzsimmons C. 292 Genetic trend for feed efficiency, growth and carcass traits in three Canadian beef cattle populations involved in the Kinsella breeding project. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Ekine-Dzivenu
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E Akanno
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L Chen
- Zoetis,Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - L McKeown
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lacombe Research Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - B Irving
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L Baker
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - M Vinsky
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - S Miller
- Angus Genetics Incorporated, St. Joseph, MO, United States
| | - Z Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Crowley
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Canadian Beef Breeds Council,Calgary, AB, Canada, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Colazo
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Ambrose
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Juarez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - H Bruce
- University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M MacNeil
- Delta G,Miles City, MT, United States
| | - G Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Basarab
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - C Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Añez-Osuna F, Penner G, Fitzsimmons C, Dugan M, Campbell J, Jefferson P, Lardner H, McKinnon J. 351 Effects of level and source of fat in the diet of gestating beef cows on progeny performance. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Añez-Osuna
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - G Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - C Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - J Campbell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - P Jefferson
- Western Beef Development Centre,Lanigan, SK, Canada
| | - H Lardner
- Dept. of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan and Western Beef Development Centre,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - J McKinnon
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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11
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Akanno E, Ekine-Dzivenu C, Chen L, McKeown L, Irving B, Baker L, Vinsky M, Crowley J, Colazo M, Ambrose D, Juarez M, Bruce H, Abo-Ismail M, MacNeil M, Plastow G, Basarab J, Li C, Fitzsimmons C. PSIV-26 Late-Breaking: Evaluation of a genome-based sorting system for feeder cattle. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Akanno
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Ekine-Dzivenu
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L Chen
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L McKeown
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lacombe Research Centre,6000 C&E Trail Lacombe, AB, Canada, T4L 1W1,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - B Irving
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L Baker
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - M Vinsky
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - J Crowley
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Canadian Beef Breeds Council,Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Colazo
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry,7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 5T6, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Ambrose
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry,7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 5T6, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Juarez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - H Bruce
- University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Abo-Ismail
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2P5 /Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Damanhour University,Damanhour, Egypt, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M MacNeil
- Delta G,Miles City, MT, United States
| | - G Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Basarab
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lacombe Research and Development Centre 6000 C E Trail Lacombe T4L 1W1,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - C Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - C Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Lacombe, AB, Canada
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12
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Mukiibi R, Vinsky M, Keogh K, Fitzsimmons C, Waters S, Stothard P, Li C. 352 Skeletal muscle transcriptional profiling of Canadian crossbred beef cattle divergent for feed efficiency traits. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Mukiibi
- University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Vinsky
- Agrilculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - C Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - P Stothard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - C Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre,Edmonton, AB, Canada
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13
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Goldie BJ, Fitzsimmons C, Weidenhofer J, Atkins JR, Wang DO, Cairns MJ. miRNA Enriched in Human Neuroblast Nuclei Bind the MAZ Transcription Factor and Their Precursors Contain the MAZ Consensus Motif. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:259. [PMID: 28878619 PMCID: PMC5573442 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While the cytoplasmic function of microRNA (miRNA) as post-transcriptional regulators of mRNA has been the subject of significant research effort, their activity in the nucleus is less well characterized. Here we use a human neuronal cell model to show that some mature miRNA are preferentially enriched in the nucleus. These molecules were predominantly primate-specific and contained a sequence motif with homology to the consensus MAZ transcription factor binding element. Precursor miRNA containing this motif were shown to have affinity for MAZ protein in nuclear extract. We then used Ago1/2 RIP-Seq to explore nuclear miRNA-associated mRNA targets. Interestingly, the genes for Ago2-associated transcripts were also significantly enriched with MAZ binding sites and neural function, whereas Ago1-transcripts were associated with general metabolic processes and localized with SC35 spliceosomes. These findings suggest the MAZ transcription factor is associated with miRNA in the nucleus and may influence the regulation of neuronal development through Ago2-associated miRNA induced silencing complexes. The MAZ transcription factor may therefore be important for organizing higher order integration of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes in primate neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Goldie
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia.,World Premier International Research Center - Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Chantel Fitzsimmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia
| | - Judith Weidenhofer
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia
| | - Joshua R Atkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia
| | - Dan O Wang
- World Premier International Research Center - Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan.,The Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in ResearchKyoto, Japan
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia.,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia
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14
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Hare KS, Wood KM, Fitzsimmons C, Penner GB. 573 Over-feeding metabolizable protein supply in late gestation beef cattle: Effects on DMI, ruminal fermentation, and performance. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Hare KS, Wood KM, Fitzsimmons C, Penner GB. 246 Over-feeding metabolizable protein supply in late gestation beef cattle: Effects on colostrum composition, milk and milk component yield, and pre-weaning growth of calves. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Jiu Z, Wismer WV, Juárez M, Nguyen H, Fitzsimmons C, Li C, Bruce HL. Effect of Residual Feed Intake Status, Breed and Post Mortem Aging on Consumer Perception of and Preference for Beef Ribeye Steaks. Meat and Muscle Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2017.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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17
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Hassan SJ, Dunphy E, Navin E, Marron L, Fitzsimmons C, Loy A, O'Shea B. Screening for Chlamydia is acceptable and feasible during Cervical Screening in General Practice. Ir Med J 2016; 109:326-327. [PMID: 26904785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) & Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are rising in Ireland. Both are often undiagnosed and may cause infertility amongst other complications. CT/NG screening is not routinely offered during cervical cancer screening. This study aimed to ascertain the feasibility and acceptability of screening for CT/NG at time of smear and to measure the diagnostic yield. Screening was offered to women aged 25-40 years attending four participating general practices as part of Cervical Check. A retrospective review of the three months preceding the study period, indicated that out of 138 smears, CT/NG testing was performed in 10 (7%) of cases. 236 (93%) patients consented to screening for CT/NG. The detection rate for Chlamydia was 6 (2.4%), with no positive results for NG. Feedback from patients was positive. Interestingly, 42 (18%) of participants who completed the questionnaire believed STI screening was already part of the routine smear.
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18
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Paradis F, Yue S, Grant JR, Stothard P, Basarab JA, Fitzsimmons C. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing reveals that hepatic interferon-induced genes may be associated with feed efficiency in beef heifers1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3331-41. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Cornwell W, Tarumi T, Stickford A, Kibe J, Fitzsimmons C, Markham D, Zhang R, Fu Q, Drazner M, Levine B. Hemodynamic and Cerebrovascular Response to an Orthostatic Challenge in Patients With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Cornwell W, Tarumi T, Stickford A, Kibe J, Fitzsimmons C, Moore J, Roberts M, Parker R, Markham D, Drazner M, Levine B. Restoration of Pulsatile Flow Leads to a Reduction in Sympathetic Nerve Activity Among Patients With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Wood KM, Awda BJ, Fitzsimmons C, Miller SP, McBride BW, Swanson KC. Influence of pregnancy in mid-to-late gestation on circulating metabolites, visceral organ mass, and abundance of proteins relating to energy metabolism in mature beef cows1,2. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5775-84. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Wood
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - B. J. Awda
- College of Applied Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - C. Fitzsimmons
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S. P. Miller
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - B. W. McBride
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - K. C. Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050
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22
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Wood KM, Awda BJ, Fitzsimmons C, Miller SP, McBride BW, Swanson KC. Effect of moderate dietary restriction on visceral organ weight, hepatic oxygen consumption, and metabolic proteins associated with energy balance in mature pregnant beef cows. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4245-55. [PMID: 23893975 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-two nonlactating multiparous pregnant beef cows (639 ± 68 kg) were used to investigate the effect of dietary restriction on the abundance of selected proteins regulating cellular energy metabolism. Cows were fed at either 85% (n = 11; LOW) or 140% (n = 11; HIGH) of total NE requirements. The diet consisted of a haylage-based total mixed ration containing 20% wheat straw. Cows were slaughtered by block (predicted date of parturition), beginning 83 d after the initiation of dietary treatments and every week thereafter for 6 wk, such that each block was slaughtered at approximately 250 d of gestation. Tissue samples from liver, kidney, sternomandibularis muscle, ruminal papilli (ventral sac), pancreas, and small intestinal muscosa were collected at slaughter and snap frozen in liquid N2. Western blots were conducted to quantify abundance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), ATP synthase, ubiquitin, and Na/K+ ATPase for all tissues; PPARγ, PPARγ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α), and 5´-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the activated form phosphorylated-AMPK (pAMPK) for liver, muscle, and rumen; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) for liver and kidney; and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) for liver. Statistical analysis was conducted using Proc Mixed in SAS and included the fixed effects of dietary treatment, cow age, block, and the random effect of pen. Dietary treatments resulted in cows fed HIGH having greater (P ≤ 0.04) ADG and final BW than cows fed LOW. Abundance of ubiquitin in muscle was greater (P = 0.009) in cows fed LOW, and PCG-1 α in liver was greater (P = 0.03) in cows fed HIGH. Hepatic O2 consumption was greater in HIGH (P ≤ 0.04). Feed intake can influence the abundance of important metabolic proteins and suggest that protein degradation may increase in muscle from moderately nutrient restricted cows and that energy metabolism in liver increases in cows fed above NE requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Wood
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W0, Canada
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23
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Ka S, Lindberg J, Strömstedt L, Fitzsimmons C, Lindqvist N, Lundeberg J, Siegel PB, Andersson L, Hallböök F. Extremely different behaviours in high and low body weight lines of chicken are associated with differential expression of genes involved in neuronal plasticity. J Neuroendocrinol 2009; 21:208-16. [PMID: 19207828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Long-term selection (> 45 generations) for low or high body weight from the same founder population has generated two extremely divergent lines of chickens, the low (LWS) and high weight (HWS) lines, which at the age of selection (56 days) differs by more than nine-fold in body weight. The HWS line chickens are compulsive feeders, whereas, in the LWS line, some individuals are anorexic and others have very low appetites. The involvement of the central nervous system in these behavioural differences has been experimentally supported. We compared a brain region at 0 and 56 days of age containing the major metabolic regulatory regions, including the hypothalamus and brainstem, using a global cDNA array expression analysis. The results obtained show that the long-term selection has produced minor but multiple expression differences. Genes that regulate neuronal plasticity, such as actin filament polymerisation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, were identified as being differentially expressed. Genes involved in lipid metabolism were over-represented among differentially expressed genes. The expression data confirm that neural systems regulating feeding behaviours in these lines are different. The results suggest that the lines are set in separate developmental trajectories equipped with slightly different nervous systems. We suggest that the lines adapt behaviourally different to changing situations post hatch, such as the transition from dependence on yolk to feeding, in order to obtain energy. The present study has identified and exemplifies the kind of changes that may underlie the extreme differences in such behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ka
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Fitzsimmons C, Mahony MJ, Clulow J. 502. COLD SHOCK DURING RAPID COOLING OF SPERM FROM A TROPICAL ANURAN, THE CANE TOAD, BUFO MARINUS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/srb09abs502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian sperm are not considered to be susceptible to cold shock injury during cooling and cryopreservation. In this study we investigated the susceptibility of the tropical bufonid, the Cane Toad (Bufo marinus) to sperm cold shock. Sperm from testes macerated in 2x Simplified Amphibian Ringer (inactivated state) were diluted 1:6 in various cryodiluents containing 10% sucrose and 10–20% glycerol or DMSO, or were used directly as undiluted controls. Samples were cooled at three cooling rates (1oC min–1, 5oC min–1 or placed directly on ice – rapid cooling) to 0oC and then either warmed to room temperature and their motility and viability assessed after activation by dilution, or cryopreserved. Cryopreserved samples were stored in liquid nitrogen for two days and thawed at room temperature before assessment of motility and sperm viability. Cooling rapidly to 0oC by directly placing samples on ice or cooling at 5oC min–1 before warming to room temperature resulted in a significant decline in motility (all means less than 40% of control motility after 30 min at room temperature) in comparison to samples cooled slowly at 1oC min–1 (all means greater than 80% motility; p < 0.05 to 0.01). Samples cryopreserved after cold shock (rapid cooling to 2oC by immediate exposure of straws to 2oC ambient temperature) versus samples cooled slowly (1oC min–1) to 2oC prior to cryopreservation had significantly lower mean post-thaw motilities (p<0.05; in the range of 40–60% motile versus 80–95% for non-cold shocked). These data together indicate that the sperm of B. marinus undergo cold shock injury prior to freezing, and that post-thaw recovery after cryopreservation of cold-shocked sperm is substantially reduced.
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25
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Liu Y, Fitzsimmons C, Kruk Z, Deland M, Maddocks S, Kind K, Hiendleder S. 165. PLASTICITY IN IMPRINTING OF BOVINE IGF2R CORRELATES WITH TOTAL EXPRESSION LEVELS IN FETAL TISSUES. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/srb09abs165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) facilitates endocytosis and subsequent clearance or activation of a variety of ligands involved in cell growth and motility. Thus, the IGF2R gene has a major role in embryonic development and fetal growth. Murine Igf2r is subject to genomic imprinting and maternally expressed in peripheral fetal tissues. However, data on imprinting of IGF2R in human is still controversial with biallelic expression, partial imprinting, and monoallelic expression reported for fetal tissues [1, 2, 3]. Data from additional species may help to understand fetal IGF2R expression. The bovine is similar to human in that it is outbred and monotocous. We have analysed bovine Day 153 fetuses (55% to term, n=40) with Bos primigenius indicus and B. p. taurus genetics to determine the imprinting status of IGF2R in fetal brain, liver and skeletal muscle. Sequencing of PCR amplicons from IGF2R exon 48 revealed a polymorphic microsatellite and 14 SNPs. These were used to identify 15 heterozygous fetuses informative for imprinting analysis. We found biallelic expression of IGF2R in fetal brain and predominantly maternal expression in fetal liver and skeletal muscle. However, we observed considerable plasticity in imprinting in liver and skeletal muscle with paternal expression levels of 7%-21% and 4%-21%, respectively. Fetal liver samples with B. p. indicus maternal genetics showed significantly higher mean paternal expression levels than those with B. p. taurus maternal genetics (P<0.05). Real-time qPCR showed a significant relationship between imprinting and total IGF2R expression level within both tissues (P<0.05). Our data indicate plasticity in imprinting of IGF2R that could fine tune expression levels in fetal tissues.
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Fitzsimmons C, Johnstone D, Conant K, Milward EA. P3‐406: Matrix metalloproteinase‐mediated cleavage of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein to generate soluble species with neurodegenerative potential. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Heterosis or hybrid vigor is a biological phenomenon referring to the phenotypic superiority of hybrids over their parents. Despite its economic importance, the mechanisms of heterosis are still poorly understood. Reciprocal cross Brahman (B) � Angus (A) calves display significant heterosis in birth weight, but this effect is almost entirely due to the dramatic fetal overgrowth observed in Brahman male � Angus female offspring. The reciprocal is much less affected and similar to purebred Brahman calves (Brown et al. 1993 J. Anim. Sci. 71, 3273–3279). We have generated a defined A � A (n = 20), B � A (n = 21), A � B (n = 13), and B � B (n = 15; male parent listed first) day 153 (term = 280) fetal/placental resource from artificially inseminated, estrous cycle synchronized heifers to identify components and mechanisms of heterotic fetal growth regulation. An ANOVA showed that full uterus weight (P < 0.001), fetal weight (P = 0.01), umbilical cord length (P = 0.003) and weight (P = 0.04), placenta fetalis weight (P < 0.001), total caruncle weight (P = 0.002), empty uterus weight (P < 0.001), and combined amniotic/allantoic fluid weight (P < 0.001) were significantly affected by the 4 genetic groups after adjustment for fetal sex and dam weight where required. The weight of reciprocal hybrid fetuses was intermediate to the purebred fetuses and thus did not display heterosis defined as the difference between reciprocal cross and parental means. Full uterus weight and combined amniotic/allantoic fluid weight, in contrast, displayed heterosis of 6.6% (P = 0.02) and 9.0% (P = 0.01). As in neonate calves, the heterosis effects were due to the B � A group. The t-tests demonstrated that full uterus weight in B � A was significantly greater (19.84 � 0.43 kg) than in A � B (16.23 � 0.47 kg; P < 0.001), A � A (17.41 � 0.35 kg; P < 0.001), and B � B (16.76 � 0.49 kg; P = 0.001) crosses. Combined amniotic/allantoic fluids were 12.58 � 0.31 kg in B � A as compared to 10.93 � 0.39 kg in A � B (P = 0.001), 10.75 � 0.29 kg in A � A (P < 0.001), and 11.48 � 0.36 kg in B � B (P = 0.02) crosses. We found similar superiority of the B � A group for parameters that did not fulfil the formal heterosis criterion. These include umbilical cord, placenta fetalis, empty uterus, and total caruncle weights. All but 1 of these (combined amniotic/allantoic fluid weight) were significantly correlated (r = 0.43–0.70; P < 0.001) with fetal weight. We conclude that massive changes in placental parameters underly and precede the heterosis effects in birth weight observed in Brahman � Angus crosses. Although formally designated heterosis, placental and fetal overgrowth is present in only 1 of the hybrids (B � A). This natural overgrowth phenotype is clearly distinct from the early onset overgrowth phenotypes observed after IVF and nuclear transfer cloning (Hiendleder et al. 2004 Biol. Reprod. 71, 217–223) and will be useful in the dissection of factors contributing to fetal growth and development.
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Milward E, Kim KJ, Szklarczyk A, Nguyen T, Melli G, Nayak M, Deshpande D, Fitzsimmons C, Hoke A, Kerr D, Griffin JW, Calabresi PA, Conant K. Cleavage of myelin associated glycoprotein by matrix metalloproteinases. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 193:140-8. [PMID: 18063113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Derivative myelin associated glycoprotein (dMAG) results from proteolysis of transmembrane MAG and can inhibit axonal growth. We have tested the ability of certain matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) elevated with inflammatory and demyelinating diseases to cleave MAG. We show MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9, but not MMP-1, cleave recombinant human MAG. Cleavage by MMP-7 occurs at Leu 509, just distal to the transmembrane domain and, to a lesser extent, at Met 234. We also show that MMP-7 cleaves MAG expressed on the external surface of CHO cells, releasing fragments that accumulate in the medium over periods of up to 48 h or more and that are able to inhibit outgrowth by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We conclude that MMPs may have the potential both to disrupt MAG dependent axon-glia communication and to generate bioactive fragments that can inhibit neurite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Newcastle and the Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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Abstract
Although neurological symptoms associated with cerebral malaria (CM) are largely reversible, recent studies suggest that lasting neurological sequelae can occur. This may be especially true for children, in whom persistent deficits include problems with memory and attention. Because the malaria parasite is not thought to enter the brain parenchyma, lasting deficits are likely related to factors including the host response to disease. Studies with a rodent model, and with human postmortem tissue, suggest that glial activation occurs with CM. In this review, the authors will highlight studies focused on such activation in CM. Likely causes will be discussed, which include ischemia and activation of blood brain barrier endothelial cells. The potential consequences of glial activation will also be discussed, highlighting the possibility that glial-derived proteinases contribute to structural damage of the central nervous system (CNS). Of note, for the purposes of this focused review, glial activation will refer to the activation of astrocytes and microglial cells; discussion of oligodendroglial cells will not be included. In addition, although events thought to be critical to the pathogenesis of CM and glial activation will be covered, a comprehensive review of cerebral malaria will not be presented. Excellent reviews are already available, including Coltel et al (2004; Curr Neurovasc Res 1: 91-110), Medana and Turner (2006; Int J Parasitol 36: 555-568), and Hunt et al (2006; Int J Parasitol 36: 569-582).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szklarczyk
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Milward EA, Fitzsimmons C, Szklarczyk A, Conant K. The matrix metalloproteinases and CNS plasticity: an overview. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 187:9-19. [PMID: 17555826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli and other triggers. The MMPs cleave numerous substrates including extracellular matrix components, cytokines and growth factors. In the CNS, while most studied in the context of disease, the many physiological functions of the MMPs are now becoming appreciated. This review provides an overview of the growing body of evidence for physiological roles of MMPs both in CNS development and in CNS plasticity in normal brain functioning, including learning and memory, as well as in CNS repair and reorganization as part of the neuroimmune response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Milward
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
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Fitzsimmons C, McLaughlin EA, Mahony MJ, Clulow J. Optimisation of handling, activation and assessment procedures for Bufo marinus spermatozoa. Reprod Fertil Dev 2007; 19:594-601. [PMID: 17524305 DOI: 10.1071/rd06124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated handling, activation and assessment procedures for cane toad (Bufo marinus) spermatozoa. Optimisation of these techniques will facilitate the maintenance of sperm viability during cryopreservation and during in vitro fertilisation (IVF) techniques in reproduction technologies for endangered species. Spermatozoa were taken from testicular macerates and assessed using plasma membrane integrity assays (live/dead stains) and quantitative scores of motility parameters. In the assessment of sperm viability using live/dead stains, there were small but significant differences in the percentage of sperm from cryopreserved samples staining positive with propidium iodide, Hoechst H33258 and Trypan blue; these differences were not large and all stains performed acceptably. Spermatozoa were activated by dilution of testicular macerates in water at one of two dilution ratios (1 : 6 or 1 : 20) with or without 0.1–5.0 mm theophylline. Sperm plasma membrane integrity (unstained spermatozoa) was unaffected by either dilution ratio (osmolarity) or theophylline concentration. However, sperm motility was significantly affected by osmolarity and theophylline concentration. The stimulation of sperm motility increased with higher theophylline concentrations and these strongly interacted with lower osmolarities through a higher dilution ratio of sperm macerates with water. Spermatozoa were exposed to increasing centrifugation forces to determine tolerance to physical stresses encountered during washing procedures. Forces between 50 and 800g were associated with a significant reduction in motility (mean 56 ± 3% decreasing to 27 ± 3%), but did not affect staining. In conclusion, centrifugation should be minimised in anuran sperm washing procedures; osmotic shock associated with higher dilution ratios reduces the capacity of anuran sperm to achieve high percentages of motile sperm, leading to a likely trade-off between dilution required for activation and sperm motility to optimise IVF fertilisation rates; and optimal conditions for sperm motility after activation occur at lower dilutions of suspensions with 5.0 mm theophylline. The present study has improved protocols for the handling of anuran sperm during pre- and post-cryopreservation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimmons
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Savolainen P, Fitzsimmons C, Arvestad L, Andersson L, Lundeberg J. ESTs from brain and testis of White Leghorn and red junglefowl: annotation, bioinformatic classification of unknown transcripts and analysis of expression levels. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005; 111:79-87. [PMID: 16093725 DOI: 10.1159/000085674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the generation, assembly and annotation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from four chicken cDNA libraries, constructed from brain and testis tissue dissected from red junglefowl and White Leghorn. 21,285 5'-end ESTs were generated and assembled into 2,813 contigs and 9,737 singletons, giving 12,549 tentative unique transcripts. The transcripts were annotated using BLAST by matching to known chicken genes or to putative homologues in other species using the major gene/protein databases. The results for these similarity searches are available on www.sbc.su.se/~arve/chicken. 4,129 (32.9%) of the transcripts remained without a significant match to gene/protein databases, a proportion of unmatched transcripts similar to earlier non-mammalian EST studies. To estimate how many of these transcripts may represent novel genes, they were studied for the presence of coding sequence. It was shown that most of the unique chicken transcripts do not contain coding parts of genes, but it was estimated that at least 400 of the transcripts contain coding sequence, indicating that 3.2% of avian genes belong to previously unknown gene families. Further BLAST search against dbEST left 1,649 (13.1%) of the transcripts unmatched to any library. The number of completely unmatched transcripts containing coding sequence was estimated at 180, giving a measure of the number of putative novel chicken genes identified in this study. 84.3% of the identified transcripts were found only in testis tissue, which has been poorly studied in earlier chicken EST studies. Large differences in expression levels were found between the brain and testis libraries for a large number of transcripts, and among the 525 most frequently represented transcripts, there were at least 20 transcripts with significant difference in expression levels between red junglefowl and White Leghorn.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Savolainen
- Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhao SH, Nettleton D, Liu W, Fitzsimmons C, Ernst CW, Raney NE, Tuggle CK. Complementary DNA macroarray analyses of differential gene expression in porcine fetal and postnatal muscle. J Anim Sci 2003; 81:2179-88. [PMID: 12968692 DOI: 10.2527/2003.8192179x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To study differential gene expression in porcine skeletal muscle, a porcine complementary DNA (cDNA) macroarray was produced that contained 327 expressed sequence tags (EST) derived from whole embryo and adult skeletal muscle, and differential display PCR products from fetal and postnatal muscle. Total RNA from four muscle samples, 75- and 105-d fetal hind limb muscles, and 1- and 7-wk postnatal semitendinosus muscle was used to make radiolabeled targets for duplicate hybridization to the macroarray membranes in an initial screen for expression. All EST that gave clear signals (n = 238) were then re-arrayed, and hybridization was conducted with additional biological replication of samples in the 75-d and 1-wk ages. Signal intensity for each gene was normalized to signal intensity measured at control spots on each membrane, which consisted of total cDNA from liver, lung, spleen, and skeletal muscle. Both normalized ratio levels and a mixed linear model analyses were used to identify genes differentially expressed among the muscle samples. Results showed 28 genes had differences in expression level greater than twofold between the 75-d fetal and 1-wk muscle RNA samples. All 28 genes were also identified as genes with significantly different (P < 0.01) expression using a mixed linear model analysis. Nineteen of these 28 genes had significant matches (basic local alignment search tool [BLAST] score > 100; P < 0.01) to known genes, two matched genes encoding human hypothetical proteins, and seven had no significant matches to Genbank nonredundant and dbEST (database of expressed sequence tags) entries. These results were confirmed for representative genes with RNA blot analysis of seven developmental time points, including RNA from the same muscle samples tested previously in the macroarray. The RNA blot results confirmed the macroarray results for all selected genes, demonstrating that the macroarray technique used in this study is accurate and reproducible. An unknown muscle clone (M218) with a slightly less than twofold increase in expression from the 75-d to the 1-wk age (1 wk/75 d = 1.94; P = 0.0114) was also shown to differ between these two ages using RNA blot analysis, demonstrating the methods used to identify differentially expressed genes may be conservative. The association between expression patterns of vimentin and desmin was also investigated. Results indicate the switch in intermediate filament protein from vimentin to desmin occurs primarily at the level of transcription and/or RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Fitzsimmons C, Ismail F, Whitehead JC, Wilman JJ. The Chemistry of Dichloromethane Destruction in Atmospheric-Pressure Gas Streams by a Dielectric Packed-Bed Plasma Reactor. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000354c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Fitzsimmons
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL,U.K
| | - F. Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL,U.K
| | - J. C. Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL,U.K
| | - J. J. Wilman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL,U.K
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Shafi S, Stepanova IP, Fitzsimmons C, Bowyer DE, Welzel D, Born GV. Effects of reserpine on expression of the LDL receptor in liver and on plasma and tissue lipids, low density lipoprotein and fibrinogen in rabbits in vivo. Atherosclerosis 2000; 149:267-75. [PMID: 10729376 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of administering reserpine (0.1 mg/kg) or 17alpha-ethinyloestradiol (2.5 mg/kg) to New Zealand White rabbits on low density lipoprotein receptors in liver, on plasma low density lipoprotein and fibrinogen and on plasma and tissue lipids were determined. Blood pressure and heart rate were also followed. The drugs were injected subcutaneously into conscious unrestrained rabbits for 5 days. On the 6th day homologous 125I-tyramine cellobiose labelled low density lipoprotein (125I-TC-LDL) was injected intravenously and 24 h later the animals were killed. Compared to controls, reserpine significantly increased LDL receptor expression in the liver by about threefold, and reduced total cholesterol in plasma, aorta and heart, without affecting plasma triglycerides. The reductions in plasma cholesterol and heart were due to decreases in both unesterified and esterified cholesterol. Similar effects were observed with oestrogen, except that there was no change in esterified cholesterol in aorta. In liver, a decrease of 24% in total cholesterol was due mainly to decreased esterified cholesterol. In adrenal glands total cholesterol increased by 25%. Reserpine significantly accelerated the plasma clearance of intravenously injected homologous 125I-TC-LDL and reduced its accumulation in aortic wall. Neither reserpine nor oestradiol affected blood pressure, haematocrit or plasma fibrinogen. The results suggest that reserpine is an affective anti-atherogenic drug capable of decreasing cholesterol in plasma, arteries and heart by increasing high affinity LDL receptors in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shafi
- Pathopharmacology Unit, The William Harvey Research Institute, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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Mukand J, Cai C, Fitzsimmons C, McKenna T, Zielinski A. A pilot study of pain management during rehabilitation for hip and knee arthroplasty. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2000; 15:93-6. [PMID: 22388449 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-2000-152-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED {\it OBJECTIVE } To evaluate the efficacy of pain management in a clinical pathway for rehabilitation after hip and knee arthroplasty, in which scheduled medications are rapidly tapered and prn medications are continued throughout the inpatient stay. {\it STUDY DESIGN } A prospective cross-sectional study. {\it SETTING } General rehabilitation unit of a regional acute rehabilitation center. {\it PATIENTS } Twenty-nine patients admitted consecutively to the rehabilitation unit in three months. {\it OUTCOME MEASURES } Number of pills/day of prn pain medication, pain scores at admission and discharge, frequency of constipation and nausea, Functional Independence Measure (FIM) gain, and length of stay (LOS). {\it RESULTS } For all patients, prn pain medication use was 2.4 pills/day/patient; the mean FIM gain was 22.1; and the average LOS was 9.8 days. In comparison to the Vicodin group, patients on Darvocet N-100 had significantly fewer requests for prn pain medication each day (3.1 vs. 1.1, p < 0.01), significantly better FIM gains better (18.9 vs. 24.1, p < 0.05), and fewer side effects (nausea and constipation). {\it CONCLUSION } Choosing the right pain medication is imperative for achieving optimal efficiency in clinical pathways for orthopedic rehabilitation. In this pilot study, Darvocet N-100 is the preferred narcotic over codeine and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mukand
- Southern New England Rehabilitation Center, Providence, RI 02907, USA
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Abstract
Monocyte/macrophages produce a variety of substances which may influence the function of smooth muscle cells (SMC). During atherogenesis, macrophages are thought to modulate SMC migration, proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix. Such modulation is the balance between stimulatory and inhibitory influences. Thus, for example, our earlier studies have shown that macrophages not only secrete mitogens, but also produce small molecular weight inhibitors of SMC proliferation. In the present study, we have used a co-culture system in which human monocyte/macrophages were separated from human arterial SMC (hSMC) by a filter with the optional addition of a 12 kDa cut-off dialysis membrane, in order to assess their effect on hSMC growth. We have found that human peripheral blood-derived monocytes produced a substance of < 12 kDa that inhibited hSMC growth in the co-culture system. The monocyte-derived factor causing this effect was completely blocked by indomethacin, indicating that growth-inhibitory factors produced by the monocytes were cyclooxygenase products. We have shown that PGE1 and PGE2 inhibit hSMC growth, making them likely candidates for the effector molecules released from monocytes in our co-culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Proudfoot
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK
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Fitzsimmons C, Proudfoot D, Bowyer DE. Monocyte prostaglandins inhibit procollagen secretion by human vascular smooth muscle cells: implications for plaque stability. Atherosclerosis 1999; 142:287-93. [PMID: 10030379 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(98)00240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix remodelling occurs during atherosclerosis dictating the structure of the plaque and thus the resistance to rupture. Monocytes and macrophages are believed to play a role in this remodelling. In the present study, filter-separated co-culture has been used to study the effect of monocytes on procollagen turnover by human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In this system, freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes inhibited procollagen secretion from VSMC without affecting either degradation of procollagen, or DNA synthesis by the VSMC. Insertion of a 12 kDa dialysis membrane between the two cell types and treatment with indomethacin showed that the inhibitory factor was of low molecular weight and was cyclooxygenase-dependent. Pre-incubation of each cell type with indomethacin demonstrated that monocyte, but not VSMC cyclooxygenase was required. Thus, the inhibitory effect on procollagen secretion was due, most likely, to monocyte prostaglandins. Neither inhibition of thromboxane synthetase, nor blocking IL-1 activity, reduced the inhibitory activity. Addition of prostaglandins PGE1, PGE2 and PGF2alpha to VSMC cultures caused a reduction in procollagen secretion which was equivalent to, but was not additive with, the maximal effect achieved by monocytes. Monocytes and macrophages are a major source of prostaglandins and these molecules are likely to play an important role in collagen turnover within lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimmons
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Wilkinson J, Higgins JA, Fitzsimmons C, Bowyer DE. Dietary fish oils modify the assembly of VLDL and expression of the LDL receptor in rabbit liver. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18:1490-7. [PMID: 9743239 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.18.9.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of the diet of rabbits with fish oil or sunflower oil resulted in significant changes in the lipoproteins and lipids in serum. Compared with chow-fed rabbits, dietary fish oils decreased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), increased low density lipoprotein (LDL), and shifted the peak of the LDL to denser fractions, whereas sunflower oil increased high density lipoprotein and shifted LDL to the lighter fractions. The amount of LDL receptors in fish oil-fed rabbit liver decreased by > 70% while there was only a small fall in these levels in sunflower oil-fed rabbit liver. The concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B in the subcellular organelles of the secretory compartment (rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula and Golgi fractions) were also changed by dietary lipids. In both sunflower oil- and fish oil-fed liver, apo B was increased in the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum compared with fractions from chow-fed rabbit liver. The apo B in the trans-Golgi lumen from fish oil-fed livers was reduced and occurred in particles of d approximately 1.21 g/mL. In contrast, apo B in the trans-Golgi lumen from livers of sunflower oil-fed rabbits was increased and occurred in particles of d < 1.21 g/mL. These results suggests that feeding of fish oils causes an interruption in the intracellular transfer of apo B and hence assembly of VLDL. This leads to an enrichment of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes with cholesterol, thus downregulating the expression of the LDL receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wilkinson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, England
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Torzewski J, Torzewski M, Bowyer DE, Fröhlich M, Koenig W, Waltenberger J, Fitzsimmons C, Hombach V. C-reactive protein frequently colocalizes with the terminal complement complex in the intima of early atherosclerotic lesions of human coronary arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18:1386-92. [PMID: 9743226 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.18.9.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that complement activation may play a role in atherogenesis. Complement proteins have been demonstrated to be present in early atherosclerotic lesions of animals and humans, and cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic lesion formation is reduced in complement-deficient animals. Potential complement activators in atherosclerotic lesions are now a subject matter of debate. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein that is involved in inflammatory processes in numerous ways. It binds to lipoproteins and activates the complement system via the classic pathway. In this study we have investigated early atherosclerotic lesions of human coronary arteries by means of immunohistochemical staining. We demonstrate here that CRP deposits in the arterial wall in early atherosclerotic lesions with 2 predominant manifestations. First, there is a diffuse rather than a focal deposition in the deep fibroelastic layer and in the fibromuscular layer of the intima adjacent to the media. In this location, CRP frequently colocalizes with the terminal complement complex. Second, the majority of foam cells below the endothelium show positive staining for CRP. In this location, no colocalization with the terminal complement proteins can be observed. Our data suggest that CRP may promote atherosclerotic lesion formation by activating the complement system and being involved in foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Torzewski
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ulm, Germany
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Torzewski M, Torzewski J, Bowyer DE, Waltenberger J, Fitzsimmons C, Hombach V, Gabbert HE. Immunohistochemical colocalization of the terminal complex of human complement and smooth muscle cell alpha-actin in early atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:2448-52. [PMID: 9409214 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.11.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that activated components of the complement cascade are present in atherosclerotic lesions, and it was suggested some years ago that smooth muscle cells may be an important target of complement attack by the terminal components of the cascade, C5b-9, also called the membrane attack complex. Recent in vitro studies have shown that assembly of membrane attack complex on smooth muscle cells leads to the release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and, if this were to occur in vivo, then it could be responsible for the recruitment of monocytes into the lesion. In this study we have investigated the localization of C5b-9 in early atherosclerotic lesions of human coronary arteries, collected from autopsies, by immunohistochemical staining, C5b-9 was found to colocalize widely with smooth muscle cell alpha-actin, but not with intact macrophages, thus supporting the hypothesis that interaction of complement with smooth muscle cells may indeed be important in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Torzewski
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
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42
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Abstract
The complement system consists of a complex group of plasma proteins, which, on activation, lead to a cascade of interactions culminating in the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory molecules. The system also contains cellular receptors for complement fragments produced during activation and regulatory molecules. It is part of the innate immune system representing humoral defence, but in certain circumstances may itself contribute to disease. In the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, there are two outstanding cellular phenomena, monocyte recruitment, with subsequent development of lipid-filled foam cells and smooth muscle cell activation. Subendothelial deposition of low density lipoprotein appears to be an important stimulus in these events and substantial evidence suggests that complement activation may be a link between lipoprotein deposition and subsequent lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Torzewski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
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Torzewski J, Oldroyd R, Lachmann P, Fitzsimmons C, Proudfoot D, Bowyer D. Complement-induced release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 from human smooth muscle cells. A possible initiating event in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16:673-7. [PMID: 8963725 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.16.5.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that complement activation might represent an important mechanism in early atherogenesis. Thus, complement components, in particular the membrane attack complex (MAC) C5b-9(m), have been isolated from human atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, complement activation is known to occur in atherosclerotic lesions induced in experimental animals, and the severity of cholesterol-induced plaques is markedly reduced in complement-deficient animals. During atherogenesis monocytes are recruited into the arterial wall, and a potent chemoattractant for monocytes, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), is expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We hypothesized that generation of MACs on SMCs during the activation of complement might lead to the release of MCP-1 and hence to monocyte recruitment. In this study, MACs were generated on human SMCs in vitro by sequential addition of the purified complement components C5b6, C7, C8, and C9. This supernatant of the culture was chemotactic for freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes in a modified Boyden chamber. The chemotactic activity of the supernatant was abolished by anti-MCP-1 blocking antibodies but not by an isotype-matched antibody against an irrelevant antigen. The release of chemotactic activity was dependent on the dose of MAC formed on SMCs and was demonstrated within 10 minutes of exposure of the cells. The data support the hypothesis that complement-mediated release of MCP-1 from SMCs might be important in the recruitment of monocytes into the developing atherosclerotic lesion and could be an important initiating event in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Torzewski
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
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Fitzsimmons C, Bush R, Hele D, Godliman C, Gherardi E, Bowyer DE. Measurement of the absolute number of functioning low-density lipoprotein receptors in vivo using a monoclonal antibody. Biochem J 1995; 305 ( Pt 3):897-904. [PMID: 7848291 PMCID: PMC1136343 DOI: 10.1042/bj3050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
MAC188 S/S is a monoclonal antibody which can be used in vivo to measure the absolute number of functioning low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in a rabbit. The antibody binds to the extra-cellular domain of the LDL receptor and binding is not blocked by the presence of LDL. When the antibody-receptor complex is internalized, receptor recycling is inhibited for several hours. Thus when saturating doses of MAC188 S/S are administered intravenously, the amount of antibody removed from the blood (minus non-specific removal) is determined solely by the total number of LDL receptors in an animal. In this study MAC188 S/S was used to measure the number of LDL receptors in control rabbits and in animals treated with 17 alpha-ethinyl oestradiol. After treatment (which caused a 47% decrease in plasma cholesterol), receptor-mediated removal of MAC188 S/S from the blood was saturated in both groups following injection of 3.0 mg of antibody per kg body weight. Based on the amount of antibody removed via the LDL receptor at this dose, the total number of accessible LDL receptors was calculated as (2.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(15) receptors per kg body weight in control rabbits and (4.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(15) receptors per kg body weight in oestrogen-treated animals. The number of receptors in various organs was also determined. The monoclonal antibody approach therefore, allows accurate determination of LDL receptor numbers in animals with markedly different concentrations of circulating LDL, conditions in which the use of endogenous ligand would be subject to significant errors.
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Abstract
The authors examined whether aviation expertise reduces age differences in a laboratory task that was similar to routine air traffic control (ATC) communication. In Experiment 1, older and younger pilots and nonpilots read typical ATC messages (e.g., commands to change aircraft heading). After each message, they read back (repeated) the commands, which is a routine ATC procedure requiring short-term memory. Ss also performed less domain-relevant tasks. Expertise eliminated age differences in repeating heading commands, but did not reduce age differences for the less relevant tasks. In Experiment 2, expertise reduced but did not eliminate age differences in repeating heading commands from spoken messages. The results suggest that expertise compensates age declines in resources when the task is highly domain relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Morrow
- Decision Systems, Los Altos, California 94022
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46
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Abstract
The authors examined whether aviation expertise reduces age differences in a laboratory task that was similar to routine air traffic control (ATC) communication. In Experiment 1, older and younger pilots and nonpilots read typical ATC messages (e.g., commands to change aircraft heading). After each message, they read back (repeated) the commands, which is a routine ATC procedure requiring short-term memory. Ss also performed less domain-relevant tasks. Expertise eliminated age differences in repeating heading commands, but did not reduce age differences for the less relevant tasks. In Experiment 2, expertise reduced but did not eliminate age differences in repeating heading commands from spoken messages. The results suggest that expertise compensates age declines in resources when the task is highly domain relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Morrow
- Decision Systems, Los Altos, California 94022
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Gherardi E, Thomas K, Le Cras TD, Fitzsimmons C, Moorby CD, Bowyer DE. Growth requirements and expression of LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase in Hep G2 hepatoblastoma cells cultured in a chemically defined medium. J Cell Sci 1992; 103 ( Pt 2):531-9. [PMID: 1336014 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.103.2.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A serum-free chemically defined medium (CDM) has been developed which sustains the growth in culture of the highly differentiated human hepatoma cell line Hep G2. Unlike rodent hepatoma lines, Hep G2 cells in serum-free medium have an absolute requirement for lipoprotein lipids (either low density lipoprotein (LDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL)) for growth. In the presence of LDL (or HDL) growth was further enhanced by insulin, triiodo-L-thyronine, 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol but not by epidermal growth factor (EGF). On type I collagen gels cells cultured in CDM were contact inhibited and formed monolayers. This contrasted with the pattern of growth of cells cultured in the presence of serum on type I collagen gels and cells cultured on tissue-culture plastic in either CDM or medium containing serum which formed foci of multilayered cells. Expression of the LDL receptor and HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase genes was comparable in Hep G2 cells cultured in CDM and serum-containing medium. Furthermore, the binding and internalisation of 125I-LDL at 37 degrees C was modulated by hormones that have previously been shown to affect LDL receptor levels in liver in vivo or in hepatocytes cultured in serum-containing medium in vitro. The culture system described provides a basis for studying the regulation of hepatocyte-specific functions by soluble factors (either plasma- or cell-derived) and cell-substratum interactions in a human liver cell line.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Culture Media
- Humans
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/genetics
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, HDL/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gherardi
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
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Gherardi E, Bowyer DE, Fitzsimmons C, Le Cras T, Hutchings A, Butcher G. Probing of the expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor in vivo using an anti-receptor monoclonal antibody. Biochem J 1991; 280 ( Pt 1):1-7. [PMID: 1741739 PMCID: PMC1130591 DOI: 10.1042/bj2800001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MAC188 is a rat anti-[low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor] monoclonal antibody (McAb) which binds to the cell surface receptor with high affinity at physiological temperatures, even in the presence of high concentrations of the natural ligand, LDL. Binding of McAb MAC188 at 37 degrees C is followed by internalization and intracellular sequestering of the receptor, which results in the transient disappearance of the receptor from the cell surface. The high binding affinity and epitope specificity of McAb MAC188 suggested that this antibody could be used to quantify receptor expression in vivo. Mixtures of radiolabelled anti-receptor antibody and a control McAb (MAC221) were injected intravenously into rabbits, and the clearance from serum and uptake into tissues was determined. A fraction of the anti-receptor McAb was cleared rapidly from the circulation by a high-affinity and saturable (receptor-dependent) process. Receptor-dependent uptake of the anti-receptor McAb was measurable in liver, adrenal glands, kidneys, spleen, kidney, thoracic aorta and heart. It was highest in liver and adrenal glands and correlated well with the level of receptor protein and the rate of LDL transport in individual tissues. Anti-receptor McAbs such as MAC188, with suitable domain specificity and binding affinity at physiological temperatures, have important advantages over the natural ligand as tracers for the receptor in vivo, and may find widespread applications in studies of the receptor status (activity) in animals and man.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gherardi
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, U.K
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Bawn C, Fitzsimmons C, Ledwith A, Penfold J, Sherrington D, Weightman J. Reactivity and mechanism in the cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether. POLYMER 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(71)90004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Quam ME, Fitzsimmons C, Godfrey RL. Ready-prepared vs. conventionally prepared foods. Comparisons of acceptability, food costs, and direct labor costs. J Am Diet Assoc 1967; 50:196-200. [PMID: 6020002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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