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Sher AW, Aufrecht JA, Herrera D, Zimmerman AE, Kim YM, Munoz N, Trejo JB, Paurus VL, Cliff JB, Hu D, Chrisler WB, Tournay RJ, Gomez-Rivas E, Orr G, Ahkami AH, Doty SL. Dynamic nitrogen fixation in an aerobic endophyte of Populus. ISME J 2024; 18:wrad012. [PMID: 38365250 PMCID: PMC10833079 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation by microbial diazotrophs can contribute significantly to nitrogen availability in non-nodulating plant species. In this study of molecular mechanisms and gene expression relating to biological nitrogen fixation, the aerobic nitrogen-fixing endophyte Burkholderia vietnamiensis, strain WPB, isolated from Populus trichocarpa served as a model for endophyte-poplar interactions. Nitrogen-fixing activity was observed to be dynamic on nitrogen-free medium with a subset of colonies growing to form robust, raised globular like structures. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) confirmed that N-fixation was uneven within the population. A fluorescent transcriptional reporter (GFP) revealed that the nitrogenase subunit nifH is not uniformly expressed across genetically identical colonies of WPB and that only ~11% of the population was actively expressing the nifH gene. Higher nifH gene expression was observed in clustered cells through monitoring individual bacterial cells using single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization. Through 15N2 enrichment, we identified key nitrogenous metabolites and proteins synthesized by WPB and employed targeted metabolomics in active and inactive populations. We cocultivated WPB Pnif-GFP with poplar within a RhizoChip, a synthetic soil habitat, which enabled direct imaging of microbial nifH expression within root epidermal cells. We observed that nifH expression is localized to the root elongation zone where the strain forms a unique physical interaction with the root cells. This work employed comprehensive experimentation to identify novel mechanisms regulating both biological nitrogen fixation and beneficial plant-endophyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Sher
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, United States
| | - Jayde A Aufrecht
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Daisy Herrera
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Amy E Zimmerman
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Nathalie Munoz
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Jesse B Trejo
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Vanessa L Paurus
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - John B Cliff
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - William B Chrisler
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Robert J Tournay
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, United States
| | - Emma Gomez-Rivas
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, United States
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Amir H Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States
| | - Sharon L Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2100, United States
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Bueno J, Sánchez MC, Toledano-Osorio M, Figuero E, Toledano M, Medina-Castillo AL, Osorio R, Herrera D, Sanz M. Antimicrobial effect of nanostructured membranes for guided tissue regeneration: an in vitro study. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1566-1577. [PMID: 33010943 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of a novel non-resorbable, bioactive polymeric nanostructured membrane (NMs), when doped with zinc, calcium and doxycycline. METHODS A validated in vitro subgingival biofilm model with six bacterial species (Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonela parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) was used. The experimental NMs, with and without being doped with doxycycline, calcium and zinc, were placed on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs. As positive control membranes, commercially available dense polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membranes were used and, as negative controls, the HA discs without any membrane. The experimental, positive and negative control discs were exposed to a mixed bacterial suspension, at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions, during 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The resulting biofilms were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to study their structure, and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), to assess the bacterial load, expressed as colony forming units (CFU) per mL. Differences between experimental and control groups were evaluated with the general linear model and the Bonferroni adjustment. RESULTS As shown by SEM, all membrane groups, except the NMs with doxycycline, resulted in structured biofilms from 12-72 hours. Similarly, only the membranes loaded with doxycycline demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial load during biofilm development, when compared with the control groups (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Doxycycline-doped nanostructured membranes have an impact on biofilm growth dynamics by significant reducing the bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bueno
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Toledano-Osorio
- Biomaterials in Dentistry Research Group, University of Granada, Spain
| | - E Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Toledano
- Biomaterials in Dentistry Research Group, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A L Medina-Castillo
- NanoMyP. Spin-Off Enterprise from University of Granada, Edificio BIC-Granada, Av. Innovación 1. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - R Osorio
- Biomaterials in Dentistry Research Group, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - D Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Burns M, Herrera D, Brosius T, Muir TJ. Depressed Supercooling Point and Increased Glycerol Concentration in Overwintering Adult Tiger Beetles (Cicindelida). Cryo Letters 2020; 41:216-222. [PMID: 33988650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tiger beetles are a widely distributed group including species that may be exposed to sub-freezing temperature overwinter. Despite being well studied, little is known about tiger beetle cold tolerance. OBJECTIVE We investigated seasonal changes in cold hardiness of two northerly distributed tiger beetle species (Cicindela repanda and Cicindela limbalis). MATERIALS AND METHODS We monitored the supercooling point (SCP), glycerol concentration, and hemolymph osmolality of adult tiger beetles during a 3.5-month acclimation to winter. RESULTS SCP decreased during winter acclimation for C. repanda, but not for C. limbalis. Both species modestly increased glycerol concentration, and C. repanda increased hemolymph osmolality by 38%. CONCLUSION This initial investigation into the cold-hardiness of adult tiger beetles suggests that they are capable of lowering their SCP as winter approaches, which may help them survive sub-freezing winter temperatures. Further assessment of their chill and freeze tolerance and of their overwintering conditions in the field is needed to better understand their winter physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Burns
- Department of Biology, Augustana College IL, Rock Island, IL; Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
| | - D Herrera
- Department of Biology, Augustana College IL, Rock Island, IL, USA
| | - T Brosius
- Department of Biology, Augustana College IL, Rock Island, IL, USA
| | - T J Muir
- Department of Biology, Augustana College IL, Rock Island, IL, USA
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Sanz M, del Castillo AM, Jepsen S, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, D’Aiuto F, Bouchard P, Chapple I, Dietrich T, Gotsman I, Graziani F, Herrera D, Loos B, Madianos P, Michel JB, Perel P, Pieske B, Shapira L, Shechter M, Tonetti M, Vlachopoulos C, Wimmer G. Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Consensus Report. Glob Heart 2020; 15:1. [PMID: 32489774 PMCID: PMC7218770 DOI: 10.5334/gh.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Europe cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 3.9 million deaths (45% of deaths), being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension (leading to heart failure) the major cause of these CVD related deaths. Periodontitis is also a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence, being severe periodontitis, affecting 11.2% of the world's population, the sixth most common human disease. Material and Methods There is now a significant body of evidence to support independent associations between severe periodontitis and several NCDs, in particular CVD. In 2012 a joint workshop was held between the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the American Academy of Periodontology to review the literature relating periodontitis and systemic diseases, including CVD. In the last five years important new scientific information has emerged providing important emerging evidence to support these associations. Results and Conclusions The present review reports the proceedings of the workshop jointly organised by the EFP and the World Heart Federation (WHF), which has updated the existing epidemiological evidence for significant associations between periodontitis and CVD, the mechanistic links and the impact of periodontal therapy on cardiovascular and surrogate outcomes. This review has also focused on the potential risk and complications of periodontal therapy in patients on anti thrombotic therapy and has made recommendations for dentists, physicians and for patients visiting both the dental and medical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sanz
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties and ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, ES
| | | | - S. Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, DE
| | - J. R. Gonzalez-Juanatey
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital, University of Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, CIBERCV, ES
| | - F. D’Aiuto
- Department of Periodontology, Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - P. Bouchard
- U.F.R. d’odontologie, Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Rothschild AP-HP, Paris, FR
| | - I. Chapple
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T. Dietrich
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - I. Gotsman
- Heart Institute, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, IL
| | - F. Graziani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, IT
| | - D. Herrera
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties and ETEP Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, ES
| | - B. Loos
- ACTA University, Amsterdam, NL
| | - P. Madianos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR
| | - J. B. Michel
- Inserm Unit 1148, laboratory for translational CV science, X. Bichat hospital, Paris, FR
| | - P. Perel
- World Heart Federation, Geneva, CH
- Centre for Global Chronic Conditions, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - B. Pieske
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, DE
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partnersite Berlin, German Heart Institut Berlin, DE
| | - L. Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University – Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, IL
| | - M. Shechter
- Leviev Heart Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, tel Hashomer and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, IL
| | - M. Tonetti
- Department of Periodontology, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, HK
| | - C. Vlachopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR
| | - G. Wimmer
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Karl-Franzens University Graz, AT
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Garzón-Orjuela N, Prieto-Pinto L, Lasalvia P, Gonzalez-Bravo D, Gil Rojas Y, Castañeda-Cardona C, Castrillon J, Herrera D, Rosselli D. PCN1 EFECTIVIDAD Y SEGURIDAD DEL ESQUEMA DABRAFENIB-TRAMETINIB EN EL TRATAMIENTO DEL MELANOMA AVANZADO/METASTÁSICO IRRESECABLE CON MUTACIÓN BRAF V600: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA Y METANÁLISIS EN RED. Value Health Reg Issues 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Llama-Palacios A, Sánchez MC, Díaz LA, Cabal B, Suárez M, Moya JS, Torrecillas R, Figuero E, Sanz M, Herrera D. In vitro biofilm formation on different ceramic biomaterial surfaces: Coating with two bactericidal glasses. Dent Mater 2019; 35:883-892. [PMID: 30975483 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare biofilm formation on the surface of different ceramic biomaterials to be used in implant dentistry. METHODS In vitro biofilm formation was investigated from mixtures of standard reference strains of Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella parvula, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sterile ceramic calcium hydroxyapatite discs (HA) as control, sterile Al2O3/Ce-TZP nanocomposite sandblasted discs (material A1) and sterile Al2O3/Ce-TZP nanocomposite sandblasted discs and coated with two types of antimicrobial glasses (materials A2 and A3) were used. Biofilms were grown on the four surfaces and evaluated after 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Biofilms were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In addition, counts of live bacterial cells of the target species A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis were calculated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) combined with propidium monoazide (PMA). For data analysis, bacterial counts were compared with a multivariate general lineal model. RESULTS Using CLSM, cell vitality decreased in A2 and A3. With qPCR-PMA, significant differences in vitality were observed forA. actinomycetemcomitans in A3 after 48 and 72 h of incubation. With respect to the development of the biofilms, a significant increase in counts on HA and materials A1 and A2 was observed for A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum. Conversely, for P. gingivalis, no differences were found for HA and materials A1 and A2. SIGNIFICANCE Differences in biofilm formation were detected among the different tested materials. The ceramic material A3 has an effect on the vitality of A. actinomycetemcomitans growing in an in vitro biofilm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Llama-Palacios
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M C Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - L A Díaz
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - B Cabal
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - M Suárez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - J S Moya
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - R Torrecillas
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - E Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Lee C, Naing T, Herrera D, Herrera N, Hoang A, Marin M. Bioconjugates of Protein A to Gold Nanoparticles. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.461.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Naidoo R, Gerkey D, Hole D, Pfaff A, Ellis AM, Golden CD, Herrera D, Johnson K, Mulligan M, Ricketts TH, Fisher B. Evaluating the impacts of protected areas on human well-being across the developing world. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav3006. [PMID: 30949578 PMCID: PMC6447379 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are fundamental for biodiversity conservation, yet their impacts on nearby residents are contested. We synthesized environmental and socioeconomic conditions of >87,000 children in >60,000 households situated either near or far from >600 PAs within 34 developing countries. We used quasi-experimental hierarchical regression to isolate the impact of living near a PA on several aspects of human well-being. Households near PAs with tourism also had higher wealth levels (by 17%) and a lower likelihood of poverty (by 16%) than similar households living far from PAs. Children under 5 years old living near multiple-use PAs with tourism also had higher height-for-age scores (by 10%) and were less likely to be stunted (by 13%) than similar children living far from PAs. For the largest and most comprehensive socioeconomic-environmental dataset yet assembled, we found no evidence of negative PA impacts and consistent statistical evidence to suggest PAs can positively affect human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Naidoo
- WWF-US, Washington, DC, USA
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - D. Gerkey
- Anthropology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - D. Hole
- Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A. Pfaff
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A. M. Ellis
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C. D. Golden
- Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D. Herrera
- Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K. Johnson
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC, USA
| | - M. Mulligan
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - T. H. Ricketts
- Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - B. Fisher
- Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Lee C, Naing NCP, Herrera D, Aguirre G, Rodriguez B, Ashcroft J. Light up My Life: An Active Learning Lab to Elucidate Conductive Properties of Electrolytes. J Lab Chem Educ 2019; 7:1-7. [PMID: 35999888 PMCID: PMC9395145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding molecular structure and its influence on chemical reactivity is a fundamental component in Chemistry curriculum. For example, acidic protons ionize, or ionic solids dissociate to form charge, inducing electrolyte properties depending on molecular structure. An active learning lab is designed to demonstrate connection between electrolyte behavior and structure of various molecules. Experiments are shared to show interdisciplinary aspect of electrolytes within biology and chemistry. Specifically, how biomolecules exhibit electrolyte behavior due to chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lee
- Division of Natural Science, Pasadena City College, Pasadena, USA
| | - Nay Chi P. Naing
- Division of Natural Science, Pasadena City College, Pasadena, USA
| | - Daisy Herrera
- Division of Natural Science, Pasadena City College, Pasadena, USA
| | - Gerardo Aguirre
- Division of Natural Science, Pasadena City College, Pasadena, USA
| | | | - Jared Ashcroft
- Division of Natural Science, Pasadena City College, Pasadena, USA,Corresponding author: (Jared Ashcroft)
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Gil G, Cedrés M, Herrera D, Balado J, Capello F. Importancia de la acreditación de laboratorios de organismos de regulación enológicos. BIO Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20191204011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A medida que aumenta la globalización de los suministros de alimentos, resulta cada vez más evidente la necesidad de reforzar los sistemas que velan por la inocuidad de los alimentos en todos los países. La acreditación es el reconocimiento formal, que hace una tercera parte, de que un organismo cumple con los requisitos especificados y es competente para desarrollar tareas específicas de evaluación de la conformidad. INAVI como organismo regulador de la vitivinicultura de la República Oriental del Uruguay cuenta desde el año 2011 con un Laboratorio Acreditado por el OUA (Organismo Uruguayo de Acreditación) en la Norma ISO/IEC 17025:2005. En la actualidad cuenta con 16 alcances en dos matrices diferentes vinos y sidras asegurando así su competencia técnica. Los Organismos Reguladores en Enología con frecuencia deben tomar decisiones en referencia a la salud y bienestar de los consumidores, protección del medio ambiente, control del cumplimiento de requisitos existentes reglamentarios y legales, generación de nuevos requisitos y regulaciones, así como asignación de recursos técnicos y financieros. Para poder tomar estas decisiones los Organismos de Regulación deben tener confianza en los resultados generados, la acreditación de sus laboratorios de ensayo genera la confianza necesaria para el desarrollo de dichas actividades.
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Sánchez MC, Toledano-Osorio M, Bueno J, Figuero E, Toledano M, Medina-Castillo AL, Osorio R, Herrera D, Sanz M. Antibacterial effects of polymeric PolymP-n Active nanoparticles. An in vitro biofilm study. Dent Mater 2018; 35:156-168. [PMID: 30502966 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to study the antibacterial effect of polymeric PolymP-n Active nanoparticles using an in vitro subgingival biofilm model. METHODS Hydroxyapatite discs coated with five modalities of nanoparticles (NPs): NPs, NPs doped with zinc, calcium, silver and doxycycline, PBS as control, and Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were studied in a static in vitro biofilm model (12, 24, 48, and 72h). Nano-roughness of the different disc surfaces (SRa, in nm) and morphological characteristic of the biofilms (thickness (μm) and bacterial viability) were studied by different microscopy modalities. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to assess the effect of the nanoparticles on the bacterial load (colony forming unit per milliliter) (CFUmL-1). Analysis of variance and post-hoc testing with T3 Dunnett́s, and Student Newman Keuls correction was used. Results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. RESULTS Surfaces containing the different nanoparticles showed significant increments in roughness when compared to controls (p<0.05). A similar biofilm formation and dynamics was observed, although reductions in bacterial viability were detected in biofilms in contact with the different nanoparticles, more pronounced with silver and doxycycline NPs. Doxycycline-NPs biofilms resulted in unstructured biofilm formation and significantly lower number of the six species when compared with the other nanoparticles specimens and controls (p<0.001 in all cases). SIGNIFICANCE Polymeric PolymP-n Active nanoparticles when combined with silver and doxycycline showed a significant antibacterial effect when tested in an in vitro subgingival biofilm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Toledano-Osorio
- Biomaterials in Dentistry Research Group, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Bueno
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Toledano
- Biomaterials in Dentistry Research Group, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A L Medina-Castillo
- NanoMyP. Spin-Off Enterprise from University of Granada, Edificio BIC-Granada, Av. Innovación 1, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - R Osorio
- Biomaterials in Dentistry Research Group, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - D Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Herrera D, Orellana-Serradell O, Villar P, Torres MJ, Paciucci R, Castellón EA, Contreras HR. Silencing of the transcriptional factor ZEB1 alters the steroidogenic pathway, and increases the concentration of testosterone and DHT in DU145 cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:1275-1283. [PMID: 30483800 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of male malignancy worldwide. The transcription factor zinc finger E‑box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is associated with epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and is also involved in regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression, the main ligands of which are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). These androgens are synthesized through the steroidogenic pathway within the prostate, and their synthesis is altered in PCa. The present study aimed to determine the ZEB1‑induced alterations in androgen synthesis and AR expression in the DU145 PCa cell line. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunocytochemistry were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels, and cellular localization of steroidogenic pathway enzymes in the DU145 cell line in response to ZEB1 silencing. Furthermore, the concentrations of testosterone and DHT were detected in cell culture medium using ELISA. ZEB1‑silenced cells exhibited an increase in testosterone and DHT production, an increase in AR expression and an alteration in the steroidogenic pathway. In particular, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 5α‑reductase 2 expression levels were decreased, whereas cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1, 5α‑reductase 1, aldo‑keto reductase family 1 member D1 and aldo‑keto reductase family 1 member C2 expression levels were increased. In conclusion, the present study provided novel information regarding the regulation of intratumoral androgen production in PCa, which is relevant for the progression of the disease to a castration‑resistant form.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Herrera
- Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - O Orellana-Serradell
- Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - P Villar
- Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - M J Torres
- Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - R Paciucci
- Biomedical Research Group of Urology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E A Castellón
- Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - H R Contreras
- Department of Basic and Clinic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
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Gürsoy M, Wilensky A, Claffey N, Herrera D, Preshaw PM, Sanz M, Schlagenhauf U, Trombelli L, Demirel K. Periodontal education and assessment in the undergraduate dental curriculum-A questionnaire-based survey in European countries. Eur J Dent Educ 2018; 22:e488-e499. [PMID: 29460375 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This survey aimed to evaluate whether periodontal education and assessment in undergraduate dental curricula amongst the member countries of the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) follow the competency-based curricular guidelines and recommendations developed by the Association for Dental Education in Europe. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multiple-choice questionnaire was emailed to 244 dental institutes amongst the 24 EFP member countries between November 2014 and July 2015. RESULTS Data were received from 16 (66.7%) EFP member countries. Out of 117 responding dental institutes, 76 (64.95%) were included as valid responders. In most of the institutes (86.3%), a minimum set of competencies in periodontology was taken into account when constructing their dental education programmes. Out of 76 responders, 98.1% included lecture-based, 74.1% case-based and 57.1% problem-based teaching in their periodontal curricula, whilst a minority (15.9%) also used other methods. A similar pattern was also seen in the time allocation for these four educational methods, that is, the highest proportion (51.8%) was dedicated to lecture-based teaching and only a small proportion (5.7%) to other methods. Periodontal competencies and skills were most frequently assessed by clinical grading on clinic, multiple-choice examination (written examination) and oral examination, whereas competency tests and self-assessment were rarely used. Only in 11 (14.5%) cases, access flap procedures were performed by students. CONCLUSION Great diversity in teaching methodology amongst the surveyed schools was demonstrated, and thus, to harmonise undergraduate periodontal education and assessment across Europe, a minimum set of recommendations could be developed and disseminated by the EFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N Claffey
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - P M Preshaw
- Centre for Oral Health Research and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - U Schlagenhauf
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - L Trombelli
- School of Dentistry & Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - K Demirel
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Marin MJ, Ambrosio N, Herrera D, Sanz M, Figuero E. Validation of a multiplex qPCR assay for the identification and quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis: In vitro and subgingival plaque samples. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 88:47-53. [PMID: 29407751 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate a multiplex qPCR (m-qPCR) assay for the simultaneous identification and quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro samples: DNA combinations of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in similar or different concentrations were prepared. qPCR and m-qPCR were performed using the same primers and hydrolysis probes specific for 16SrRNA genes. Results were analyzed using intra-class (ICCs) and Lin's correlation coefficients (r) based on quantification cycle (Cq) values. Subgingival plaque samples: a cross-sectional study analyzing subgingival plaque samples harvested from periodontally-healthy and chronic periodontitis patients. Samples were processed by either qPCR or m-qPCR targeting both bacteria. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and Lińs correlation coefficients (r) were calculated using CFU/mL as primary outcome. RESULTS In vitro samples: m-qPCR yielded a good reproducibility (coefficients of variation around 1% and ICCs > 0.99) for both bacterial species. m-qPCR achieved detection limits and specificity similar to qPCR. An excellent concordance (r = 0.99) was observed between m-qPCR and qPCR for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis without statistical significant differences between both methods Subgingival plaque samples: a high sensitivity (above 80%) and specificity (100%) was obtained with the m-qPCR for both bacteria. The m-qPCR yielded a good concordance in Cq values, showing a good level of agreement between qPCR and m-qPCR. CONCLUSION The tested m-qPCR method was successful in the simultaneous quantification of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity on subgingival plaque samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Marin
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - N Ambrosio
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Herrera
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sanz
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Figuero
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Romero-Lastra P, Sánchez MC, Ribeiro-Vidal H, Llama-Palacios A, Figuero E, Herrera D, Sanz M. Comparative gene expression analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 in planktonic and biofilms states. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174669. [PMID: 28369099 PMCID: PMC5378342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in the onset and progression of periodontitis. Its pathogenicity has been related to its presence and survival within the subgingival biofilm. The aim of the present study was to compare the genome-wide transcription activities of P. gingivalis in biofilm and in planktonic growth, using microarray technology. Material and methods P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was incubated in multi-well culture plates at 37°C for 96 hours under anaerobic conditions using an in vitro static model to develop both the planktonic and biofilm states (the latter over sterile ceramic calcium hydroxyapatite discs). The biofilm development was monitored by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). After incubation, the bacterial cells were harvested and total RNA was extracted and purified. Three biological replicates for each cell state were independently hybridized for transcriptomic comparisons. A linear model was used for determining differentially expressed genes and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to confirm differential expression. The filtering criteria of ≥ ±2 change in gene expression and significance p-values of <0.05 were selected. Results A total of 92 out of 1,909 genes (4.8%) were differentially expressed by P. gingivalis growing in biofilm compared to planktonic. The 54 up-regulated genes in biofilm growth were mainly related to cell envelope, transport, and binding or outer membranes proteins. Thirty-eight showed decreased expression, mainly genes related to transposases or oxidative stress. Conclusion The adaptive response of P. gingivalis in biofilm growth demonstrated a differential gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Romero-Lastra
- Laboratory of Dental Research, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - MC. Sánchez
- Laboratory of Dental Research, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - H. Ribeiro-Vidal
- Laboratory of Dental Research, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Llama-Palacios
- Laboratory of Dental Research, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Figuero
- Laboratory of Dental Research, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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17
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García-Gargallo M, Zurlohe M, Montero E, Alonso B, Serrano J, Sanz M, Herrera D. Evaluation of new chlorhexidine- and cetylpyridinium chloride-based mouthrinse formulations adjunctive to scaling and root planing: pilot study. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 15:269-279. [PMID: 27762095 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of two newly formulated chlorhexidine (CHX) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthrinses after scaling and root planing (SRP) in terms of clinical, microbiological, patient-based variables and adverse events, with a positive control with the same active components, already marketed and tested. METHODS A pilot, randomized clinical trial, double-blind, parallel design with 1-month follow-up was conducted. Chronic periodontitis patients requiring non-surgical periodontal therapy were enrolled and randomly assigned to: (i) SRP and test-1 (new reformulation: 0.12% CHX and 0.05% CPC); (ii) SRP and test-2 (new formulation: 0.03% CHX and 0.05% CPC); or (iii) SRP and positive control (commercial product: 0.12% CHX and 0.05% CPC). All variables were evaluated at baseline and 1 month after SRP. Quantitative variables were compared by means of anova or Kruskal-Wallis test and qualitative variables by chi-square or McNemar tests. RESULTS Thirty patients (10 per group) were included. After 1 month, there were significant differences among groups in plaque levels (P = 0.016) as test-1 showed less sites with plaque than test-2 (31.15% [standard error-SE 2.21%] versus 49.39% [SE 4.60%), respectively). No significant differences were found for global patient perception of the product or in adverse effects. Test groups showed better results in levels and proportions (P = 0.022) of Capnocytophaga spp. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this pilot study, it can be concluded that the newly formulated 0.12% CHX and 0.05% CPC mouthrinse showed larger plaque level reductions, without showing more adverse effects, when compared to the other two mouthrinses, after SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Gargallo
- Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Zurlohe
- Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Montero
- Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Alonso
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Serrano
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sanz
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Herrera
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Joseph A, Herrera D, Hijal T, Hendren L, Leung A, Wainberg J, Sawaf M, Gorshkov M, Maglieri R, Keshavarz M, Kildea J. SU-F-P-20: Predicting Waiting Times in Radiation Oncology Using Machine Learning. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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19
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Romero-Sanchez C, Salas-Cuestas F, Bello J, Arias I, Bautista-Molano W, Parra I V, Herrera D, Valle-OÑAte R. AB0674 Secretory IGA: Negative Correlation with Disease Activity Measures in HLA B27 Positive Spondyloarthritis Patients:. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Marín MJ, Figuero E, González I, O'Connor A, Diz P, Álvarez M, Herrera D, Sanz M. Comparison of the detection of periodontal pathogens in bacteraemia after tooth brushing by culture and molecular techniques. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21:e276-84. [PMID: 26946197 PMCID: PMC4867200 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence and amounts of periodontal pathogens detected in bacteraemia samples after tooth brushing-induced by means of four diagnostic technique, three based on culture and one in a molecular-based technique, have been compared in this study. Material and Methods Blood samples were collected from thirty-six subjects with different periodontal status (17 were healthy, 10 with gingivitis and 9 with periodontitis) at baseline and 2 minutes after tooth brushing. Each sample was analyzed by three culture-based methods [direct anaerobic culturing (DAC), hemo-culture (BACTEC), and lysis-centrifugation (LC)] and one molecular-based technique [quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)]. With culture any bacterial isolate was detected and quantified, while with qPCR only Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were detected and quantified. Descriptive analyses, ANOVA and Chi-squared tests, were performed. Results Neither BACTEC nor qPCR detected any type of bacteria in the blood samples. Only LC (2.7%) and DAC (8.3%) detected bacteraemia, although not in the same patients. Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most frequently detected bacterial species. Conclusions The disparity in the results when the same samples were analyzed with four different microbiological detection methods highlights the need for a proper validation of the methodology to detect periodontal pathogens in bacteraemia samples, mainly when the presence of periodontal pathogens in blood samples after tooth brushing was very seldom. Key words:Bacteraemia, periodontitis, culture, PCR, tooth brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Marín
- Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain,
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Espinoza C, Schlechter R, Herrera D, Torres E, Serrano A, Medina C, Arce-Johnson P. Cisgenesis and intragenesis: new tools for improving crops. Biol Res 2016; 46:323-31. [PMID: 24510134 DOI: 10.4067/s0716-97602013000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) could be the answer for many relevant problems affecting crops. However, improving crops through GMO is also often associated with safety concerns, environmental risks and health issues due to the presence of foreign DNA. These limitations have prompted the development of alternative technologies. Recently, cisgenesis and intragenesis have been developed as new tools aimed to modify crops. While cisgenesis involves genetic modification using a complete copy of natural genes with their regulatory elements that belong exclusively to sexually compatible plants, intragenesis refers to the transference of new combinations of genes and regulatory sequences belonging to that particular species. So far, application of cisgenesis and intragenesis as alternatives to conventional transgenesis are limited to a few species, mainly due to the lack of knowledge of the regulatory sequences required. The grape is one of the most cultivated crops worldwide and is the most economically relevant crop in Chile. Its genomic sequence has been completed, making available new sources of information to improve grape traits by genetic manipulation. This review is focused on the current alternatives to transgenesis in plants, including new approaches to develop marker-free crops, their application to economically relevant crops and future perspectives in the area. Also, the identification of grapevine promoters with a wide range of expression profiles is shown. The expression pattern of these genes was analyzed in different tissues and developmental stages, as well as under several stresses and stimuli, giving a broad range of expression patterns, including genes expressed exclusively during ripening, in response to sugars, senescence and biotic stress, among others. Genes with strong and constitutive expression were also identified. Functional analysis using reporter genes has been conducted in order to confirm the promoter's transcription activity, opening new possibilities for developing cisgenic/intragenic grapevines.
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Pérez-Salcedo L, Laguna E, Sánchez MC, Marín MJ, O'Connor A, González I, Sanz M, Herrera D. Molecular identification of black-pigmented bacteria from subgingival samples of cats suffering from periodontal disease. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 56:270-5. [PMID: 25819443 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the black-pigmented bacterial species found in the subgingival samples of cats with periodontal disease using molecular-based microbiological techniques. METHODS Sixty-five subgingival samples obtained from 50 cats with periodontal disease were analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. RESULTS Among the 65 subgingival samples, eight phylogenetic profiles were obtained, of which the most prevalent species were: Porphyromonas gulae (40%), P. gingivalis/P. gulae (36 · 9%), P. gulae/Porphyromonas sp. UQD 406 (9 · 2%), Odoribacter denticanis (6 · 2%), P. gulae/Porphyromonas sp. UQD 348 (1 · 5%) and P. circumdentaria (1 · 5%). When compared with the species resulting from biochemical diagnosis, the identification of P. gulae was congruent in 70% of the cases, while colonies identified as P. intermedia-like corresponded in 80% of cases to P. gulae. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of molecular-based microbiological diagnostic techniques resulted in a predominance of Porphyromonas spp. in the subgingival plaque of cats suffering from periodontal disease. Further characterisation of these bacteria identified P. gulae, O. denticanis and P. circumdentaria. The more frequently detected phylogenetic profiles corresponded to P. gingivalis and P. gulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pérez-Salcedo
- Research Laboratory, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Piqueras CM, Herrera D, Latorre BA. First Report of High Boscalid Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Associated with the H272L Mutation in Grapevine in Chile. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1441. [PMID: 30704005 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-14-0558-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) is a major disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) worldwide. Integrated control strategies, including canopy management and fungicide treatments, are needed to control gray mold. Chemical control relies on the use of single mode of action fungicides. The aim of this research was to study the sensitivity of B. cinerea to boscalid, which is a single mode of action fungicide of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide group. Fifty isolates were obtained in 2012 to 2013 from commercial vineyards in central Chile. Vineyards had received two boscalid applications at least for four consecutive years. Briefly, the percent mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) was determined on minimal medium (MM) (2) plus 50 μg m-1 of boscalid (Cantus 50 WP, BASF Chile). Each isolate was tested in triplicate, obtaining 2% highly resistant (HR, MGI ≤25%), 32% moderately resistant (MR, MGI 26 to 50%), 64% low resistant (LR, MGI 51 to 80%), and 2% sensitive (S, MGI ≥81%) phenotypes. Nine isolates were arbitrary selected and compared for MGI on MM plus 50 μg ml-1 of boscalid (1) and conidial germination inhibition (CGI) on yeast extract-bacto peptone-Na acetate (YBA) plus 5 μg ml-1 of boscalid (2,3). Isolates previously determined to be S and HR had the same phenotype for both MGI and CGI. However, all of the MR and LR isolates, determined based on the MGI tests, were identified as S isolates in the CGI tests. Using primer-introduced restriction analysis (PIRA)-PCR (4), the SdhB mutations were detected only in the HR isolate. The amplifications were performed with H272L-fw/H272-rev and were digested by the enzyme BglII, yielding 35- and 85-bp fragments and confirming a mutation at codon 272 (H272L) in the HR phenotype. The efficacy of the label-rate (0.4 g liter-1) boscalid in controlling gray mold was determined on 'Granny Smith' apples. The apples were surface-disinfested (75% ethanol, 30 s), wounded with a sterile syringe, and inoculated with a mycelium plug (5 mm in diameter) or 20 μl of a conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) of one HR, MR, and S isolate. The inoculum was placed on the wounded sites after boscalid application. Apples were incubated for 7 days at 21°C. Each test had four replicates and the experiment was conducted three times. Boscalid slightly controlled (<6.7% efficacy) gray mold on the apples that were inoculated with mycelium or conidia of the HR phenotype isolate, while the sensitive isolate was highly controlled (>95% efficacy), and the MR isolate was moderately controlled (27 to 34% efficacy). These results demonstrate that mycelium or conidia assays using MM + 50 μg ml-1 boscalid or YBA+5 μg ml-1 boscalid consistently detected HR isolates. The S isolates detected using MGI were also S according with the CGI tests. The presence of the boscalid HR strains of B. cinerea associated with the H272L mutation in grapevine in Chile is reported for the first time in this study. This finding suggests that resistance to boscalid needs to be considered in the design of gray mold control strategies in commercial grapevine orchards. References: (1) D. Fernandez-Ortuño et al Plant Dis. 96:1198, 2012. (2) M.-J. Hu et al. J. Phytopathol. 159:616, 2011. (3) Y. K. Kim and C. L. Xiao. Plant Dis. 94:604, 2010. (4) T. Veloukas et al. Plant Dis. 95:1302, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Piqueras
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Herrera
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - B A Latorre
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
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Sánchez M, Llama-Palacios A, Fernández E, Figuero E, Marín M, León R, Blanc V, Herrera D, Sanz M. An in vitro biofilm model associated to dental implants: Structural and quantitative analysis of in vitro biofilm formation on different dental implant surfaces. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1161-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, León R, Jeusette I, Torre C, O'Connor A, González I, González I. Isolation and identification of Porphyromonas spp. and other putative pathogens from cats with periodontal disease. J Vet Dent 2014; 30:208-13. [PMID: 24660305 DOI: 10.1177/089875641303000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the subgingival microbiota and determine the most prevalent periodontal pathogens implicated in feline periodontal disease and to correlate these findings with the clinical periodontal status. Subgingival microbiological samples were taken under sedation from 50 cats with clinical signs of periodontal disease. Pooled paper point samples from 4 selected subgingival sites were cultured on blood agar and on Dentaid-1 medium. Suspected pathogens were identified, subcultured, and preserved. The association between the microbiological findings and the clinical status was studied using correlation coefficients (CC). In addition, cats were stratified in subgroups according to presence of putative pathogens, and comparisons were carried out using unpaired t-test. Three bacterial species were frequently detected including Porphyromonas gulae (86%), Porphyromonas circumdentaria (70%) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (90%). The mean proportion of total flora was high for P. gulae (32.54%), moderate for P. circundentaria (8.82%), and low for F. nucleatum (3.96%). Among the clinical variables, tooth mobility was correlated (CC > 0.50, p < 0.001) with recession, pocket depth, attachment level, gingival index, and calculus index (CC = 0.29, p = 0.04) as well as with total bacterial counts (CC = 0.38, p = 0.006). Cats with more than 10% of P. gulae showed significantly more mobility (p = 0.014) and recession (p = 0.038), and a tendency for deeper probing pocket depths (p = 0.084) and attachment loss (p = 0.087). The results from this cross-sectional study confirmed that P. gulae is the most relevant pathogen in periodontal disease in cats.
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Rizk B, Fischer AS, Lotfy HA, Turki R, Zahed HA, Malik R, Holliday CP, Glass A, Fishel H, Soliman MY, Herrera D. Recurrence of endometriosis after hysterectomy. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2014; 6:219-27. [PMID: 25593697 PMCID: PMC4286861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Persistent or recurrent pain after hysterectomy is one of the most frustrating clinical scenarios in benign gynaecology. We attempt to review the current evidence regarding the recurrence of pelvic pain after hysterectomy for endometriosis. The impact of ovarian conservation, type of hysterectomy and the extent of surgical excision were analysed. METHODS Peer reviewed published manuscripts in the English language in the period between 1980 and 2014 were reviewed using Pubmed and science direct regarding the incidence, causes and recurrence of endometriosis. RESULTS Sixty-seven articles were identified. Incomplete excision of endometriosis is the most predominant reason in the literature for the recurrence of endometriosis, and the type of Hysterectomy affects the recurrent symptoms mainly by impacting the extent of excision of the lesion. Ovarian cyst drainage is associated with the highest rate of ovarian cyst reformation within three to six months after surgery. The use of hormone replacement therapy is associated with recurrence of pelvic pain in 3.5% of cases. No studies addressed the recurrence of endometriosis after standard vs robotic assisted hysterectomy. CONCLUSION A high recurrence rate of 62% is reported in advanced stages of endometriosis in which the ovaries were conserved. Ovarian conservation carries a 6 fold risk of recurrent pain and 8 folds risk of reoperation. The decision has to be weighed taking into consideration the patient's age and the impact of early menopause on her life style. The recurrence of endometriosis symptoms and pelvic pain are directly correlated to the surgical precision and removal of peritoneal and deeply infiltrated disease. Surgical effort should always aim to eradicate the endometriotic lesions completely to keep the risk of recurrence as low as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rizk
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - A S Fischer
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - H A Lotfy
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - R Turki
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H A Zahed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - C P Holliday
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - A Glass
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - H Fishel
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - M Y Soliman
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - D Herrera
- Springhill Memorial Hospital, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Blanc V, Isabal S, Sánchez MC, Llama-Palacios A, Herrera D, Sanz M, León R. Characterization and application of a flow system for in vitro
multispecies oral biofilm formation. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:323-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Blanc
- Department of Microbiology; DENTAID S. L.; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - S. Isabal
- Department of Microbiology; DENTAID S. L.; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - M. C. Sánchez
- ETEP Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | | | - D. Herrera
- ETEP Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - M. Sanz
- ETEP Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - R. León
- Department of Microbiology; DENTAID S. L.; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
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Sánchez MC, Marín MJ, Figuero E, Llama-Palacios A, León R, Blanc V, Herrera D, Sanz M. Quantitative real-time PCR combined with propidium monoazide for the selective quantification of viable periodontal pathogens in an in vitro
subgingival biofilm model. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:20-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Sánchez
- Research Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
| | - M. J. Marín
- Research Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
| | - E. Figuero
- Research Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
| | - A. Llama-Palacios
- Research Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
| | | | | | - D. Herrera
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Disease Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
| | - M. Sanz
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Disease Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid; Spain
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Herrera D, Monaga M, Campos D, Pampín Y, González EC, Lavaut K. Ultramicro-fluorometric assay for the diagnosis of Gaucher disease in dried blood spots on filter paper. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2013; 6:61-67. [PMID: 24246460 DOI: 10.3233/npm-1364312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal acid β-D-glucosidase (GBA). The aim of this study was to develop an ultramicro-fluorometric assay based on the method of Chamoles et al. for determining GBA activity in dried blood spots on filter paper (DBS). METHODS The assay used 3-mm diameter blood spot and 8 mmol/l of 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside as enzymatic substrate. The reaction occurred in plates incubated at 37°C for 20 hours and the enzyme activity was expressed in μmol hydrolysed substrate/l blood/h. The fluorescence of the enzyme product was automatically measured in a fluorometer-photometer reader (SUMA Technology). RESULTS The intra and inter-assay coefficients of variation were lower than 9 and 12%, respectively, and the recovery range was 97-109%.Three patients with GD were correctly diagnosed using the ultramicroassay. Healthy newborn DBS samples (n = 3003) from the National Neonatal Screening Program were analyzed, and the mean GBA activity was 5.7 μmol/l blood/h. Our assay showed high Pearson (n = 26; r = 0.99) and concordance correlations (ρc = 0.99) with the traditional method described by Chamoles et al. CONCLUSIONS The analytical performance characteristics of our ultramicro-fluorometric assay suggest that it can be used in the diagnosis of GD in newborns and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Herrera
- Science and Technology Information Institute (IDICT), Miramar, Playa, Havana, Cuba
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Santa Cruz I, Herrera D, Martin C, Herrero A, Sanz M. Association between periodontal status and pre-term and/or low-birth weight in Spain: clinical and microbiological parameters. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:443-51. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Santa Cruz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - D. Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - C. Martin
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - A. Herrero
- Section of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
| | - M. Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group; University Complutense; Madrid Spain
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Sánchez MC, Marín MJ, Figuero E, Llama-Palacios A, Herrera D, Sanz M. Analysis of viable vs. dead Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis using selective quantitative real-time PCR with propidium monoazide. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:213-20. [PMID: 22957816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES One of the major disadvantages of DNA-based microbial diagnostics is their inability to differentiate DNA between viable and dead microorganisms, which could be important when studying etiologically relevant pathogens. The aim of this investigation was to optimize a method for the selective detection and quantification of only viable Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis cells by combining quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and propidium monoazide (PMA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Three different concentrations of PMA (10, 50 or 100 μm) were added to suspensions of 10(6) (CFU)/mL of viable/dead A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis cells. After DNA isolation, qPCR was carried out using specific primers and probes for the tested bacteria. PMA was further tested with different mixtures containing varying ratios of viable and dead cells. The efficacy of PMA to detect viable/dead cells was tested by analysis of variance. RESULTS For these specific bacterial pathogens, 100 μm PMA resulted in a significant reduction of qPCR amplification with dead cells (10(6) CFU/mL), while with viable cells no significant inhibition was detected. PMA was also effective in detecting selectively viable cells by qPCR detection, when mixtures of varying ratios of viable and dead bacteria were used. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the efficiency of PMA for differentiating viable and dead A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis cells. This method of PMA-qPCR may be useful for monitoring new antimicrobial strategies and for assessing the pathogenic potential of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in different oral conditions when using molecular diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sánchez
- ETEP (Aetiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterised by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth (the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone). It is highly prevalent (severe periodontitis affects 10-15% of adults) and has multiple negative impacts on quality of life. Epidemiological data confirm that diabetes is a major risk factor for periodontitis; susceptibility to periodontitis is increased by approximately threefold in people with diabetes. There is a clear relationship between degree of hyperglycaemia and severity of periodontitis. The mechanisms that underpin the links between these two conditions are not completely understood, but involve aspects of immune functioning, neutrophil activity, and cytokine biology. There is emerging evidence to support the existence of a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis, with diabetes increasing the risk for periodontitis, and periodontal inflammation negatively affecting glycaemic control. Incidences of macroalbuminuria and end-stage renal disease are increased twofold and threefold, respectively, in diabetic individuals who also have severe periodontitis compared to diabetic individuals without severe periodontitis. Furthermore, the risk of cardiorenal mortality (ischaemic heart disease and diabetic nephropathy combined) is three times higher in diabetic people with severe periodontitis than in diabetic people without severe periodontitis. Treatment of periodontitis is associated with HbA(1c) reductions of approximately 0.4%. Oral and periodontal health should be promoted as integral components of diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Preshaw
- School of Dental Sciences and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK.
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Rioboo M, García V, Serrano J, O'Connor A, Herrera D, Sanz M. Clinical and microbiological efficacy of an antimicrobial mouth rinse containing 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride in patients with gingivitis. Int J Dent Hyg 2011; 10:98-106. [PMID: 21831254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2011.00523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of a mouth rinse and dentifrice with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in patients with gingivitis. METHODS the study was designed as a 1-month, double-blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial comparing a negative control regimen (minus active ingredients dentifrice and mouth rinse) with the test products (dentifrice and mouth rinse with 0.05% CPC) in terms of plaque and gingival indexes (PI, GI), patient-based and microbiological outcome variables. The comparisons in relation to the main outcome variables (PI and GI) were made by means of the t-test, either unpaired or paired for the intergroup and intragroup comparisons, respectively. RESULTS no differences were detected at baseline. Both groups showed statistically significant decreases in GI (0.17-0.19), without intergroup differences. The PI demonstrated a significant decrease of -0.12 in the test group and minor changes in the negative control group (increase of +0.01). Differences between groups showed a tendency towards statistical significance. A limited impact was observed for microbiological variables in both groups. CONCLUSION the results of this study show limited benefits of the evaluated formulations as adjuncts to unsupervised oral hygiene in reducing plaque accumulation, and no effect on gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rioboo
- Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Pérez-Salcedo L, Herrera D, Esteban-Saltiveri D, León R, Jeusette I, Torre C, O‘Connor A, González I, Sanz M. Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats. Vet Microbiol 2011; 149:500-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sánchez MC, Llama-Palacios A, Blanc V, León R, Herrera D, Sanz M. Structure, viability and bacterial kinetics of an in vitro biofilm model using six bacteria from the subgingival microbiota. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:252-60. [PMID: 21261622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There are few in vitro models available in the scientific literature for study of the structure, formation and development of the subgingival biofilm. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an in vitro biofilm model, using representative selected bacteria from the subgingival microbiota. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six standard reference strains were used to develop biofilms over sterile ceramic calcium hydroxyapatite discs coated with saliva within the wells of presterilized polystyrene tissue culture plates. The selected species represent initial (Streptococcus oralis and Actinomyces naeslundii), early (Veillonella parvula), secondary (Fusobacterium nucleatum) and late colonizers (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). The structure of the biofilm obtained was studied using a vital fluorescence technique in conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The biofilm bacterial kinetics were studied by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS After 12 h, initial and early colonizers were the first microorganisms detected adhering to the calcium hydroxyapatite discs. The intermediate colonizer F. nucleatum was not detected in the model until 24 h of incubation. Late colonizers A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis could be measured inside the biofilm after 48 h. The biofilm reached its steady state between 72 and 96 h after inoculation, with bacterial vitality increasing from the hydroxyapatite surface to the central part of the biofilm. CONCLUSION An in vitro biofilm model was developed and validated, demonstrating a pattern of bacterial colonization and maturation similar to the in vivo development of the subgingival biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sánchez
- ETEP Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Lanzos I, Herrera D, Santos S, OConnor A, Pena C, Lanzos E, Sanz M. Microbiological effects of an antiseptic mouthrinse in irradiated cancer patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011. [DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Martin-Piedra MA, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, Herrera D, Gomez-Moreno G. Effectiveness of a recent topical sialogogue in the management of drug-induced xerostomia. J Clin Exp Dent 2011. [DOI: 10.4317/jced.3.e268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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García V, Rioboo M, Serrano J, O′Connor A, Herrera D, Sanz M. Plaque inhibitory effect of a 0.05% cetyl-pyridinium chloride mouth-rinse in a 4-day non-brushing model. Int J Dent Hyg 2010; 9:266-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2010.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Herrera D, Harris W, Nair V, Josan M, Staples C. Effect of dietary modifications of calcium and magnesium on reducing solubility of phosphorus in feces from lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2598-611. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vernal R, Leon R, Herrera D, Garcia-Sanz JA, Silva A, Sanz M. Variability in the response of human dendritic cells stimulated withPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:689-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Herrera D. 192. Validation of a new semi-automatic system for the detection of hearing losses in newly born. Clin Neurophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.04.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Herbstman D, Mao X, Shriver M, Herrera D, Rahim-Williams B, Wallace M, Fillingim R. (344) The association of ancestry informative markers with experimental pain sensitivity. The Journal of Pain 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.01.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Palmera-Suárez R, García P, García A, Barrasa A, Herrera D. Salmonella Kottbus outbreak in infants in Gran Canaria (Spain), caused by bottled water, August-November 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:E070712.2. [PMID: 17868561 DOI: 10.2807/esw.12.28.03235-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since October 2006, the Spanish National Reference Laboratory has reported a series of isolations of Salmonella Kottbus on the island of Gran Canaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palmera-Suárez
- Spanish Field Epidemiology Training Program, National Center of Epidemiology, C.N.E., Madrid, Spain.
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van Winkelhoff AJ, Herrera D, Oteo A, Sanz M. Antimicrobial profiles of periodontal pathogens isolated from periodontitis patients in the Netherlands and Spain. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32:893-8. [PMID: 15998275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Antimicrobial resistance of periodontal pathogens towards currently used antibiotics in periodontics has been investigated in a previous study. Microbial resistance in the periodontal microflora was more frequently observed in Spanish patients in comparison with Dutch patients. The aim of the present study was to compare antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of five periodontal bacteria isolated from periodontitis patients in Spain and in The Netherlands. MATERIAL AND METHODS Subgingival plaque samples from adult patients with periodontitis were collected and cultured on selective and non-selective plates. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Micromonas micros were isolated and used for minimal inhibitory concentration tests using the Epsilometer (E-test) technique. Eight different antibiotics were tested on all bacterial isolates. MIC50 and MIC90 values for each antibiotic and each species were determined and the percentage of resistant strains was calculated. RESULTS Significantly higher MIC values were noted in Spanish strains of F. nucleatum for penicillin, ciprofloxacin, of P. intermedia for penicillin, amoxicillin and tetracycline, of M. micros for tetracycline, amoxicillin and azithromycin, and of P. gingivalis for tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Based on breakpoint concentrations, a higher number of resistant strains in Spain were found in F. nucleatum for penicillin, amoxicillin and metronidazole, in Prevotella intermedia for tetracycline and amoxicillin, and in A. actinomycetemcomitans for amoxicillin and azithromycin. Resistance of P. gingivalis strains was not observed for any of the antibiotics tested both in Spain and The Netherlands. CONCLUSIONS Differences exist in the susceptibility profiles of periodontal pathogens isolated from periodontitis patients in Spain and in The Netherlands. This implicates that antibiotic susceptibility testing is necessary to determine efficacy of antimicrobial agents. Also, clinical studies with antibiotics should take these differences into account. The information from the present study indicates that it may not be possible to develop uniform protocols for usage of antibiotics in the treatment of severe periodontitis in the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J van Winkelhoff
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Josan MS, Nair VD, Harris WG, Herrera D. Associated release of magnesium and phosphorus from active and abandoned dairy soils. J Environ Qual 2005; 34:184-191. [PMID: 15647548 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2005.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dairy manure application to soils can result in phosphorus (P)-related degradation of water quality. The P in these manure-impacted soils can be labile even years after abandonment and under conditions normally associated with high P stability. Failure of P to stabilize with time compounds the environmental consequences of dairy manure disposal, especially on sandy soils. The objectives of this study were to compare chemical characteristics of active and abandoned dairy manure-impacted soils and minimally impacted soils and to assess the continuous release of P in relation to sparingly soluble salts using repeated water extractions, X-ray diffraction, and speciation modeling of column leachates. Soil samples from Ap horizons were collected from nine highly manure-impacted (total P > 1000 mg P kg(-1) soil) areas on four active and five abandoned dairies and four minimally impacted soils (total P < 200 mg P kg(-1) soil). Soil extracts were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), Ca, Mg, Na, and K. The EC of the soil solutions decreased as active dairy > abandoned dairy > minimally impacted soils. Release of Mg and SRP were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.68) and did not decline after abandonment; Ca release was not correlated with SRP (r2 = 0.01), and declined significantly (p < 0.05) after abandonment. Speciation data from column leachates suggested that Mg-P phases and/or the most soluble Ca-P phases could control P solution activities. An implication of this study is that P stabilization via crystallization of calcium phosphates (even at near-neutral pH) may be preempted by Mg-P association. Thus, mechanisms to minimize P release may require P-retaining soil amendments or management of animal rations to eliminate Mg-P formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Josan
- Soil and Water Science Department, 106 Newell Hall, P.O. Box 110510, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32611-0510, USA
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Moreno R, Zamorano J, Almería C, Pérez-González JA, Mataix L, Rodrigo JL, Herrera D, Aubele A, Pérez de Isla L, De Marco E, Sánchez-Harguindey L, Macaya C. Isovolumic Contraction Time by Pulsed-Wave Doppler Tissue Imaging in Aortic Stenosis. European Journal of Echocardiography 2003; 4:279-85. [PMID: 14611823 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-2167(03)00009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doppler Tissue Imaging (DTI) has been evaluated in ischaemic heart disease and some cardiomyopathies. In patients with aortic stenosis (AS), left ventricular contraction is slowered. This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of the measurement of isovolumic contraction time (ICT) by DTI in the evaluation of AS severity. METHODS The study population constitutes 30 patients: 15 with AS (nine severe and six non-severe) and 15 control subjects. All of them had normal systolic function, sinus rhythm, and absence of ischaemic heart disease of conduction abnormalities. ICT was defined as the time from the onset of the QRS complex to the beginning of the DTI systolic wave. The correlation between ICT and aortic area obtained by continuity equation, as well as the diagnostic value of ICT in the identification of severe AS were studied. RESULTS ICT was significantly increased in patients with severe AS (98+/-27 versus 65+/-21 ms, p=0.024). There was a significant correlation between ICT and aortic area (r=-0.56; p=0.035). The receiver operator characteristic curve of ICT in the identification of severe AS yielded an area under the curve of 0.852 (95% confidence interval: 0.665-1.0). The two best cut-points were >73 ms (88% sensitivity, 77% specificity) and >85 ms (78% sensitivity, 83% specificity). A value of >41 ms had a 100% sensitivity, but only a 17% specificity, and >91 ms showed a 100% specificity, but only a 44% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS ICT measured by pulsed-wave DTI is increased in patients with aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moreno
- Laboratory of Echocardiography, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
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Roldán S, Herrera D, Sanz M. Biofilms and the tongue: therapeutical approaches for the control of halitosis. Clin Oral Investig 2003; 7:189-97. [PMID: 14513303 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-003-0214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2003] [Accepted: 05/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to its location and functions, the tongue is one of the most important anatomic structures in the oral cavity. However, knowledge in regards to its role and implications in oral health and disease is scarce. Moreover, although the dorsum of the tongue seems to harbour one of the most complex microbiological niches in human ecology, the knowledge of the role of tongue flora in health and disease is also very limited. Similarly, the nature of the tongue coating and the factors that influence its development and composition are almost unknown. The interest in the study of the tongue niche has increased in recent years due to its association with oral halitosis and to its role as a suitable reservoir for periodontal pathogens. The structure of the tongue favours a unique and complex bacterial biofilm, in which periodontal pathogens are frequently found. However, little is known about how to control this bacterial niche, and factors affecting tongue coating composition and aspect are not fully understood. Studies available on the influence of mechanical or antimicrobial approaches against tongue biofilm are very limited. Mechanical treatments showed a transient reduction in halitosis-related variables but were limited in time. Different antimicrobials agents have been evaluated: chlorhexidine, chlorine dioxide, metal ions, triclosan, formulations containing essential oils, and hydrogen peroxide. However, most studies were designed as short-term models. Some of these studies demonstrated that the reduction in halitosis-related variables was associated with significant changes in the tongue microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roldán
- Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Plaza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Roldán S, Winkel EG, Herrera D, Sanz M, Van Winkelhoff AJ. The effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc lactate on the microflora of oral halitosis patients: a dual-centre, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30:427-34. [PMID: 12716335 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.20004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the microbial effects of a newly formulated mouthwash (Halita) on oral halitosis patients. METHODS Forty subjects were included in this dual-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select patients. At baseline and at 2 weeks post-treatment, full-mouth organoleptic odor scores, level of volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) and the Winkel Tongue Coating Index were recorded. Standardized samples of tongue coating, saliva and subgingival plaque were microbiologically investigated. Participants were randomly assigned to the test or placebo groups. RESULTS High prevalences were observed for Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis in tongue coating, saliva and subgingival plaque samples. A significant positive correlation between baseline total counts of P. gingivalis in saliva samples and organoleptic and VSC scores was found. Two weeks post-treatment there was a reduction in total anaerobic counts in all samples in the test group. A significant positive correlation was observed between the reduction in total counts in saliva samples and the reduction in organoleptic scores in the test group. Significant reductions in total counts and proportions of F. nucleatum and total counts of P. intermedia in tongue coating samples were observed in the test group. CONCLUSIONS The test mouthwash demonstrated efficacy in reducing the microbiological parameters in three oral niches in moderate to severe halitosis patients without periodontitis, and this was correlated with the improvements in organoleptic and VSC scores but not with the tongue coating scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roldán
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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Valadés FJ, Barrasa A, Peña E, Sánchez JF, Amela C, Pachón I, Herrera D, Martínez-Navarro F, Ramos JM. [Chickenpox outbreak in Herrera del Duque, Badajoz, Spain]. Gac Sanit 2003; 17:196-203. [PMID: 12841981 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-9111(03)71728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chickenpox is a worldwide disease with high morbidity but few complications, although complications can be sevre in immunocompromised individuals and healthy adults. The annual chickenpox rate declared to the National Notification Disease Surveillance System is approximately 5 cases per 1,000 inhabitants in Extremadura (Spain). The aim of this study was to identify and describe the characteristics and cost of an epidemic outbreak of chickenpox in Extremadura. METHODS Between November 2000 and March 2001, a descriptive study was performed. Cases of chickenpox were actively sought in a cohort of schoolchildren in Herrera del Duque (Badajoz). The protocols of the Monitoring Network of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura was used for case definition. Microbiological confirmation was performed by isolation of the virus and the presence of IgM and IgG markers in serum. We analyzed the direct and indirect tangible costs as well as the intangible costs of the outbreak. RESULTS Seventy-five cases were identified, of which 94.7% occurred in children aged between 1-9 years, mainly boys. The attack rate was 18.5 cases per 1,000 inhabitants and 68.2% occurred in children aged less than 10 years charing a home. The clinical course was benign, without hospital admissions or complications. A total of 71.6% of children aged between 3 and 8 years were susceptible. A possible temporary aggregation of cases in the school was analyzed and a relative risk of 5.01 (p < 0.0001) was obtained. The virus was isolated in the 4 vesicle samples studied and serology was positive (IgM) in the 9 serum samples studied. The total cost of the outbreak was of 927,21 e, with a mean of 12,53 e per case and 205 school days lost. CONCLUSION A chickenpox outbreack was confirmed in Herrera del Duque, with person-to-person transmission, affecting children aged between 1 and 9 years. The high susceptibility of the pupils, the characteristics of teaching, and the meetings prior to the carnivals played a determining role in the transmission of the epidemic. The estimated cost of this outbreak was 76% less than the cost that would have been generated by single-dose vaccination of the 75 individuals who contracted the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Valadés
- Programa de Epidemiología Aplicada de Campo. Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Madrid, Spain.
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Winkel EG, Roldán S, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Herrera D, Sanz M. Clinical effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc-lactate on oral halitosis. A dual-center, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol 2003; 30:300-6. [PMID: 12694427 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this double-blind, parallel study was to test the clinical efficacy of a newly developed mouthrinse in the treatment of oral halitosis in patients without periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty volunteers, recruited in two centers, participated in this study. Patients were selected on the basis of (1) halitosis of oral origin, (2) full-mouth organoleptic score>1, using an arbitrary 0-5 scale, (3) level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC)>170 parts per billion (ppb) and (4) Winkel tongue coating index (WTCI)>4 (0-12). Intervention included gargling with a mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine (0.05%), cetylpyridinium chloride (0.05%) and zinc-lactate (0.14%) or with a placebo mouthrinse without active ingredients. At days 0 and 14 clinical variables were assessed in order of performance: (1) organoleptic assessments, (2) levels of VSC, and (3) WTCI. RESULTS Treatment with the active mouthrinse resulted in a significant mean reduction in the organoleptic score from 2.8 to 1.5 (p<0.005). In the placebo group, no significant reduction in the mean organoleptic score occurred. Consequently, this resulted, after 2 weeks, in a greater change of the organoleptic scores in the test group in comparison to the placebo group (p<0.005). The mean VSC scores were reduced from 292 to 172 ppb in the test group (p<0.005), whereas no reduction was observed in the placebo group. At the 2-week examination, the mean change of the VSC scores in the test group was significantly greater than the mean change in the placebo group (p<0.005). Neither in the test nor in the placebo group a significant reduction in tongue coating was observed. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the tested mouthrinse is effective in the treatment of oral halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Winkel
- Clinic for Periodontology Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 589, 1082 RM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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