1
|
Siefker-Radtke AO, Cho DC, Diab A, Sznol M, Bilen MA, Balar AV, Grignani G, Puente E, Tang L, Chien D, Hoch U, Choudhury A, Yu D, Currie SL, Tagliaferri MA, Zalevsky J, Hurwitz ME, Tannir NM. Bempegaldesleukin plus Nivolumab in First-line Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Results from PIVOT-02. Eur Urol 2022; 82:365-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
2
|
Tannir NM, Cho DC, Diab A, Sznol M, Bilen MA, Balar AV, Grignani G, Puente E, Tang L, Chien D, Hoch U, Choudhury A, Yu D, Currie SL, Tagliaferri MA, Zalevsky J, Siefker-Radtke AO, Hurwitz ME. Bempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab in first-line renal cell carcinoma: results from the PIVOT-02 study. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004419. [PMID: 35444058 PMCID: PMC9021810 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combinations have expanded the treatment options for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, tolerability remains challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the immunostimulatory interleukin-2 cytokine prodrug bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG) plus nivolumab (NIVO) as first-line therapy in patients with advanced clear-cell RCC. Methods This was an open-label multicohort, multicenter, single-arm phase 1/2 study; here, we report results from the phase 1/2 first-line RCC cohort (N=49). Patients received BEMPEG 0.006 mg/kg plus NIVO 360 mg intravenously every 3 weeks. The primary objectives were safety and objective response rate (ORR; patients with measurable disease at baseline and at least one postbaseline tumor response assessment). Secondary objectives included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Exploratory biomarker analyses: association between baseline biomarkers and ORR. Results At a median follow-up of 32.7 months, the ORR was 34.7% (17/49 patients); 3/49 patients (6.1%) had a complete response. Of the 17 patients with response, 14 remained in response for >6 months, and 6 remained in response for >24 months. Median PFS was 7.7 months (95% CI 3.8 to 13.9), and median OS was not reached (95% CI 37.3 to not reached). Ninety-eight per cent (48/49) of patients experienced ≥1 treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) and 38.8% (19/49) had grade 3/4 TRAEs, most commonly syncope (8.2%; 4/49) and increased lipase (6.1%; 3/49). No association between exploratory biomarkers and ORR was observed. Limitations include the small sample size and single-arm design. Conclusions BEMPEG plus NIVO showed preliminary antitumor activity as first-line therapy in patients with advanced clear-cell RCC and was well tolerated. These findings warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nizar M Tannir
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel C Cho
- New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Adi Diab
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mario Sznol
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mehmet A Bilen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arjun V Balar
- New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Giovanni Grignani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Puente
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lily Tang
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Chien
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ute Hoch
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Danni Yu
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sue L Currie
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eggermont AM, Ascierto PA, Khushalani NI, Schadendorf D, Boland G, Weber J, Lewis KD, Johnson D, Rivalland G, Khattak A, Majem M, Gogas H, Long GV, Currie SL, Chien D, Tagliaferri MA, Carlino MS, Diab A. PIVOT-12: a phase III study of adjuvant bempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab in resected stage III/IV melanoma at high risk for recurrence. Future Oncol 2022; 18:903-913. [PMID: 35073733 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG: NKTR-214) is an immunostimulatory IL-2 cytokine prodrug engineered to deliver a controlled, sustained and preferential IL-2 pathway signal. Nivolumab (NIVO), a PD-1 inhibitor, has been shown to prolong survival in patients with advanced melanoma and recurrence-free survival in the adjuvant setting. PIVOT-02 showed that BEMPEG plus NIVO was well-tolerated and demonstrated clinical activity as first-line therapy in metastatic melanoma. PIVOT-12 is a randomized, phase III, global, multicenter, open-label study comparing adjuvant therapy with BEMPEG plus NIVO versus NIVO alone in adult and adolescent patients with completely resected cutaneous stage III/IV melanoma at high risk of recurrence. The primary objective is to compare the efficacy, as measured by recurrence-free survival, of BEMPEG plus NIVO versus NIVO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mm Eggermont
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Dirk Schadendorf
- West German Cancer Center at the University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jeffrey Weber
- Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Karl D Lewis
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Gareth Rivalland
- University of Auckland & Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adnan Khattak
- Hollywood Private Hospital, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Helen Gogas
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, & Royal North Shore & Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sue L Currie
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David Chien
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Matteo S Carlino
- Westmead & Blacktown Hospitals & Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adi Diab
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huddart RA, Siefker-Radtke AO, Balar AV, Bilen MA, Powles T, Bamias A, Castellano D, Khalil MF, Van Der Heijden MS, Koshkin VS, Pook DW, Özgüroğlu M, Santiago L, Zhong B, Chien D, Lin W, Tagliaferri MA, Loriot Y. PIVOT-10: Phase II study of bempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab in cisplatin-ineligible advanced urothelial cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:137-149. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The choice of first-line therapy for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) is based on cisplatin-eligibility and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status. For patients with mUC who are ineligible for cisplatin and with low PD-L1 expression, chemotherapy-based regimens are the only approved first-line option. In a Phase I/II trial of the chemotherapy-free regimen, bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG; NKTR-214) plus nivolumab, patients with locally advanced or mUC experienced tumor responses regardless of baseline PD-L1 expression (objective response rates: 50 and 45% in patients with PD-L1-positive and -negative tumors, respectively). The Phase II PIVOT-10 study (NCT03785925), evaluates efficacy and safety of first-line BEMPEG plus nivolumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced or mUC. Most patients will have low PD-L1 expression. Primary end point: objective response rates (including complete response).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Huddart
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Arlene O Siefker-Radtke
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arjun V Balar
- New York University Langone Health, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mehmet A Bilen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Thomas Powles
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BE, UK
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Propaedeutic Dept of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | | | - Maged F Khalil
- Lehigh Valley Hospital, The Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA 18103, USA
| | | | - Vadim S Koshkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David W Pook
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mustafa Özgüroğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, 34320 Avcilar/Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Bob Zhong
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David Chien
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wei Lin
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Yohann Loriot
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM 981, Institute Gustave Roussy, 94 805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Niederwieser D, Hamm C, Cobb P, Mo M, Forsyth C, Tucci A, Hanes V, Delwail V, Hajek R, Chien D. Correction to: Efficacy and Safety of ABP 798: Results from the JASMINE Trial in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma in Comparison with Rituximab Reference Product. Target Oncol 2020; 15:807. [PMID: 33180232 PMCID: PMC7701060 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-020-00772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietger Niederwieser
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, 04106, Leipzig, Germany.
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi/Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Caroline Hamm
- Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Cobb
- St. Vincent Frontier Cancer Center, Billings, MT, USA
| | - Mindy Mo
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Alessandra Tucci
- Hematology Department, ASST-Spedali Civili-Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Vincent Delwail
- Oncology-Hematology and Cell Therapy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burmester G, Drescher E, Hrycaj P, Chien D, Pan Z, Cohen S. Efficacy and safety results from a randomized double-blind study comparing proposed biosimilar ABP 798 with rituximab reference product in subjects with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:3341-3352. [PMID: 32876780 PMCID: PMC7567688 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES ABP 798 is a proposed biosimilar to the originator biologic rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. This comparative clinical study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and efficacy of ABP 798 versus rituximab reference product (RP) in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Adults with moderate-to-severe RA with an inadequate response or intolerance to other disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs including 1 or more tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapies (n = 311) received ABP 798, US-sourced rituximab RP (rituximab US), or EU-sourced rituximab RP (rituximab EU) (1000 mg, 2 weeks apart). At week 24, ABP 798- or rituximab EU-treated subjects received a second dose of the same treatment, while rituximab US-treated subjects transitioned to receive ABP 798. The key efficacy endpoint was DAS28-CRP change from baseline at week 24. Other efficacy endpoints included DAS28-CRP at other time points; ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 criteria; and hybrid ACR. The rituximab RP groups were pooled for all efficacy endpoints since PK equivalence had been established between rituximab US and rituximab EU. RESULTS Clinical equivalence between ABP 798 and rituximab RP was established as the 90% confidence interval for DAS28-CRP change from baseline at week 24 fell within the prespecified equivalence margin (- 0.6, 0.6). Safety and immunogenicity profiles of ABP 798 were comparable across treatment groups and not affected by single transition from RP to ABP 798. CONCLUSIONS Clinical equivalence in terms of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity was established between ABP 798 and rituximab RP in this comparative clinical trial in patients with moderate-to-severe RA. Key Points • ABP 798 provided similar efficacy as rituximab reference product (RP) in patients with moderate-severe rheumatoid arthritis. • The safety and immunogenicity profiles for ABP 798 were similar to those for the rituximab RP. • The single transition from rituximab RP to ABP 798 did not show differences in efficacy, safety, or immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Free University and Humboldt University Berlin, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Edit Drescher
- Veszprém Csolnoky Ferenc County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Pawel Hrycaj
- Rheumatology, Koscian Municipal Hospital, Koscian, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Niederwieser D, Hamm C, Cobb P, Mo M, Forsyth C, Tucci A, Hanes V, Delwail V, Hajek R, Chien D. Efficacy and Safety of ABP 798: Results from the JASMINE Trial in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma in Comparison with Rituximab Reference Product. Target Oncol 2020; 15:599-611. [PMID: 33044684 PMCID: PMC7568694 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-020-00748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction ABP 798 is being developed as a biosimilar to rituximab reference product (RP), a CD20-directed cytolytic antibody that is approved in the US and EU for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods This randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical study (JASMINE) evaluated the efficacy and safety of ABP 798 compared with rituximab RP. Adult, anti-CD20 treatment naïve patients diagnosed with grade 1, 2, or 3a follicular B-cell NHL expressing CD20 were randomized 1:1 to receive a 375 mg/m2 infusion of either ABP 798 or rituximab RP once weekly for 4 weeks and at weeks 12 and 20. Tumor assessments were performed at baseline and weeks 12 and 28. Primary endpoint was the risk difference (RD) of overall response rate (ORR) of complete response, unconfirmed complete response, or partial response by week 28 based on data from central, independent, and blinded assessments of disease. Results Of the 256 randomized patients, 254 were treated with ABP 798 (n = 128; 100%) or rituximab RP (n = 126; 98.4%); 96 (78.0%) patients in the ABP 798 group and 87 (70.2%) in the rituximab RP group had a best ORR by week 28. The point estimate of RD in ORR between ABP 798 and rituximab RP from the adjusted generalized linear model for stratification factors was 7.7%. Clinical equivalence was based on sequential testing of the one-sided 95% lower confidence limits and one-sided 95% upper confidence limits of RD in ORR (− 1.4% and 16.8%, respectively) which was within the prespecified non-inferiority margin (− 15%) and non-superiority margin (35.5%), respectively. Results of sensitivity analyses were consistent with the primary efficacy analysis. ABP 798 was also comparable to rituximab RP across additional secondary endpoints, further supporting the conclusion of similarity, and including: RD of ORR at week 12; trough serum concentrations; percent of patients with complete depletion of CD19+ cell count at day 8; safety; and immunogenicity. Conclusions These results support a conclusion of similar clinical efficacy between ABP 798 and rituximab RP in patients with follicular lymphoma. NCT Number NCT02747043; first posted April 21, 2016. EudraCT Number 2013-005,542-11; submitted 14 October, 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietger Niederwieser
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, 04106, Leipzig, Germany. .,Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. .,School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi/Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Caroline Hamm
- Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Cobb
- St. Vincent Frontier Cancer Center, Billings, MT, USA
| | - Mindy Mo
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Alessandra Tucci
- Hematology Department, ASST-Spedali Civili-Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Vincent Delwail
- Oncology-Hematology and Cell Therapy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Burmester G, Chien D, Chow V, Gessner M, Pan J, Cohen S. A Randomized, Double‐Blind Study Comparing Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Proposed Biosimilar ABP 798 With Rituximab Reference Product in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 9:1003-1014. [DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Charité – University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - David Chien
- Clinical R&D, Biosimilars Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks California USA
| | - Vincent Chow
- Clinical Pharmacology M&S Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks CA USA
| | | | - Jean Pan
- Clinical R&D, Biosimilars Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks California USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Niederwieser D, Hamm CM, Cobb P, Mo M, Forsyth C, Tucci A, Hanes V, Delwail V, Hajek R, Chien D. Efficacy and safety of ABP 798 compared with rituximab: Results from the comparative clinical study in patients with non-Hodgkin’s. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.8044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8044 Background: ABP 798* is being developed as a biosimilar to rituximab, a CD20-directed cytolytic antibody. A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study compared the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of ABP 798 with rituximab reference product (RP) in subjects with CD20-positive NHL; results of the final analysis are presented here. Methods: Adult subjects with grade 1, 2, or 3a follicular B-cell NHL and low tumor burden were randomized to receive intravenous ABP 798 or RP (375 mg/m2) once weekly for 4 weeks, then at weeks 12 and 20. The primary endpoint was risk difference (RD) of overall response rate (ORR) by week 28. Secondary endpoints included RD of ORR at week 12, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and immunogenicity. Results: 254/256 randomized subjects were treated with at least one infusion of ABP 798 (n = 128) or RP (n = 126); ORR by week 28, based on independent central blinded assessment of the modified full analysis set, was comparable between the ABP 798 and RP groups (78% vs. 70%, respectively). The 2-sided 90% confidence interval of RD of ORR (-1.4%; 16.8%) was within the pre-specified margin (-15%; 35.5%) thereby establishing clinical equivalence between ABP 798 and RP. This result was supported by analyses of the secondary efficacy endpoint of RD of ORR at week 12. In the two groups, the geometric least squares means for serum concentrations over time (e.g., week 12, pre-dose: ABP 798, 21.89 vs. RP, 20.57; week 12 post-dose: ABP 798, 201.30 vs. RP, 203.52) and the extent of B-cell depletion from day 1 to day 8 (ABP 798, 98.3% vs. RP, 98.3%) were similar. Frequency, type, and severity of adverse events (AEs) were comparable between ABP 798 and RP groups; grade ≥3 AEs were reported in 10.9% and 10.3% of subjects and serious AEs in 3.9% and 4.0%, respectively. Most common AEs were headache, fatigue, and nausea; the most common AE of interest was infusion reactions. No new or unexpected safety signals were observed. Binding and neutralizing anti-drug antibodies were comparable between groups. Conclusions: Results of this study demonstrated clinical similarity between ABP 798 and rituximab RP in subjects with CD20-positive NHL. *At the time of this submission, ABP 798 had not been approved by the FDA or any relevant regulatory agency and the indications are yet undetermined. Please consult ABP 798’s later approved label in the relevant country for information regarding the approved uses for ABP 798.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vincent Delwail
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poiters, France
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hemato-oncology, University Hospital Ostrava, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chow V, Pan J, Chien D, Mytych DT, Hanes V. A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, three-arm, parallel group study to determine pharmacokinetic similarity of ABP 959 and eculizumab (Soliris ® ) in healthy male subjects. Eur J Haematol 2020; 105:66-74. [PMID: 32196749 PMCID: PMC7384155 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives ABP 959 is a proposed biosimilar to eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the human C5 complement protein. The objective of this randomized, double‐blind, three‐arm, study was to demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) similarity of ABP 959 relative to the eculizumab reference product (RP) in healthy adult male subjects. Methods Eligible subjects aged 18‐45 years were randomized to receive a 300‐mg IV infusion of ABP 959, or FDA‐licensed eculizumab (eculizumab US), or EU‐authorized eculizumab (eculizumab EU). Primary PK endpoint was area under the total serum concentration‐time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC0−∞); primary PD endpoint was area between the effect curve (ABEC) of CH50‐time data. Results The geometric mean of PK and PD parameters were similar between ABP 959 versus eculizumab US and eculizumab EU; PK and PD similarity was established based on 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio being within prespecified equivalence margin of 0.8 and 1.25. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was similar across groups. The incidence of binding anti‐drug antibodies was similar across treatments; no subjects developed neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions This study demonstrated PK and PD similarity of ABP 959 to eculizumab RP; safety and immunogenicity profiles were also similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Pan
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Agarwal SK, Salem AH, Danilov AV, Hu B, Puvvada S, Gutierrez M, Chien D, Lewis LD, Wong SL. Effect of ketoconazole, a strong CYP3A inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor, in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:846-854. [PMID: 27859472 PMCID: PMC5346863 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effect of a strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitor, ketoconazole, on the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of venetoclax. METHODS Twelve patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were enrolled in this Phase 1, open-label, fixed-sequence study. Patients received a single 50 mg dose of venetoclax orally on Day 1 and Day 8, and a 400 mg once daily dose of ketoconazole on Days 5-11. Blood samples were collected predose and up to 96 h after each venetoclax dose on Day 1 and Day 8. RESULTS Eleven patients had evaluable pharmacokinetic data and were therefore included in the statistical analyses. Compared to administration of a single 50 mg dose of venetoclax alone, ketoconazole increased the venetoclax mean maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax ) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC∞ ) by 2.3-fold (90% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0-2.7) and 6.4-fold (90% CI: 4.5-9.2; range: 2- to 12-fold), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Coadministration of venetoclax with multiple doses of ketoconazole resulted in a significant increase of venetoclax exposures, strongly suggesting that CYP3A plays a major role in elimination of venetoclax in patients. These results suggest the need to avoid concomitant use with strong and moderate inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A during the venetoclax ramp-up phase in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients. For patients who have completed the ramp-up phase, a modification in venetoclax dose for use with strong and moderate inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K. Agarwal
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ahmed Hamed Salem
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of PharmacyAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Alexey V. Danilov
- Department of MedicineThe Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at the Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Beibei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Soham Puvvada
- The University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Martin Gutierrez
- The Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical CenterHackensackNew JerseyUSA
| | - David Chien
- Oncology DevelopmentAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Lionel D. Lewis
- Department of MedicineThe Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at the Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNew HampshireUSA
| | - Shekman L. Wong
- Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacometricsAbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cohen H, Beydoun D, Chien D, Lessor T, McCabe D, Muenzberg M, Popovian R, Uy J. Awareness, Knowledge, and Perceptions of Biosimilars Among Specialty Physicians. Adv Ther 2017; 33:2160-2172. [PMID: 27798772 PMCID: PMC5126187 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The Biosimilars Forum conducted a survey through an independent organization from November 20, 2015 to January 4, 2016 in order to assess current levels of awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of biosimilars among US specialty physicians who already prescribe biologics. The survey was intended to provide a baseline level of knowledge about biosimilars and will be repeated in 2–3 years in order to monitor trends over time. Methods A 19-question survey was created by the Biosimilars Forum and was administered by an independent third party. Results Responses were obtained from 1201 US physicians across specialties that are high prescribers of biologics, including dermatologists, gastroenterologists, hematologist-oncologists, medical oncologists, nephrologists, and rheumatologists. Conclusions The results of this survey highlight a significant need for evidence-based education about biosimilars for physicians across specialties. Five major knowledge gaps were identified: defining biologics, biosimilars, and biosimilarity; understanding the approval process and the use of “totality of evidence” to evaluate biosimilars; understanding that the safety and immunogenicity of a biosimilar are comparable to the originator biologic; understanding the rationale for extrapolation of indications; and defining interchangeability and the related rules regarding pharmacy-level substitution. Funding: Biosimilars Forum. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0431-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dorothy McCabe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salem AH, Agarwal SK, Dunbar M, Nuthalapati S, Chien D, Freise KJ, Wong SL. Effect of Low- and High-Fat Meals on the Pharmacokinetics of Venetoclax, a Selective First-in-Class BCL-2 Inhibitor. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56:1355-1361. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamed Salem
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Suresh K. Agarwal
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Martin Dunbar
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Silpa Nuthalapati
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
| | - David Chien
- Oncology Development; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Kevin J. Freise
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Shekman L. Wong
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Agarwal SK, Hu B, Chien D, Wong SL, Salem AH. Evaluation of Rifampin's Transporter Inhibitory and CYP3A Inductive Effects on the Pharmacokinetics of Venetoclax, a BCL-2 Inhibitor: Results of a Single- and Multiple-Dose Study. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56:1335-1343. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K. Agarwal
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Beibei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
| | - David Chien
- Oncology Development; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Shekman L. Wong
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Ahmed Hamed Salem
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics; AbbVie Inc; North Chicago IL USA
- Clinical Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
St. John A, Wang X, Lim E, Chien D, Statz M, Stern S, White N. 4EMF Effects of Fibrinogen on Early Resuscitation of Polytrauma With Traumatic Brain Injury and Free Internal Hemorrhage. Ann Emerg Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
White NJ, Mehic E, Wang X, Chien D, Lim E, St John AE, Stern SA, Mourad PD, Rieger M, Fries D, Martinowitz U. Rediscovering the wound hematoma as a site of hemostasis during major arterial hemorrhage. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:2202-9. [PMID: 26414624 PMCID: PMC4777306 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments for major internal bleeding after injury include permissive hypotension to decrease the rate of blood loss, intravenous infusion of plasma or clotting factors to improve clot formation, and rapid surgical hemostasis or arterial embolization to control bleeding vessels. Yet, little is known regarding major internal arterial hemostasis, or how these commonly used treatments might influence hemostasis. OBJECTIVES (i) To use a swine model of femoral artery bleeding to understand the perivascular hemostatic response to contained arterial hemorrhage. (ii) To directly confirm the association between hemodynamics and bleeding velocity. (iii) To observe the feasibility of delivering an activated clotting factor directly to internal sites of bleeding using a simplified angiographic approach. METHODS Ultrasound was used to measure bleeding velocity and in vivo clot formation by elastography in a swine model of contained femoral artery bleeding with fluid resuscitation. A swine model of internal pelvic and axillary artery hemorrhage was also used to demonstrate the feasibility of local delivery of an activated clotting factor. RESULTS In this model, clots formed slowly within the peri-wound hematoma, but eventually contained the bleeding. Central hemodynamics correlated positively with bleeding velocity. Infusion of recombinant human activated factor VII into the injured artery near the site of major internal hemorrhage in the pelvis and axillae was feasible. CONCLUSIONS We rediscovered that clot formation within the peri-wound hematoma is an integral component of hemostasis and a feasible target for the treatment of major internal bleeding using activated clotting factors delivered using a simplified angiographic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J White
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Mehic
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - X Wang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Chien
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Lim
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A E St John
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S A Stern
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P D Mourad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - M Rieger
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, Medical Clinic Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Fries
- Clinical Department for General and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine of the Clinic for Anaesthesia and General Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Clinic Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - U Martinowitz
- Department for Hematology, TelHashomer University Hospital, Telaviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zegers CML, van Elmpt W, Szardenings K, Kolb H, Waxman A, Subramaniam RM, Moon DH, Brunetti JC, Srinivas SM, Lambin P, Chien D. Repeatability of hypoxia PET imaging using [¹⁸F]HX4 in lung and head and neck cancer patients: a prospective multicenter trial. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:1840-9. [PMID: 26136164 PMCID: PMC4589564 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia is an important factor influencing tumor progression and treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the repeatability of hypoxia PET imaging with [(18)F]HX4 in patients with head and neck and lung cancer. METHODS Nine patients with lung cancer and ten with head and neck cancer were included in the analysis (NCT01075399). Two sequential pretreatment [(18)F]HX4 PET/CT scans were acquired within 1 week. The maximal and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean) were defined and the tumor-to-background ratios (TBR) were calculated. In addition, hypoxic volumes were determined as the volume of the tumor with a TBR >1.2 (HV1.2). Bland Altman analysis of the uptake parameters was performed and coefficients of repeatability were calculated. To evaluate the spatial repeatability of the uptake, the PET/CT images were registered and a voxel-wise comparison of the uptake was performed, providing a correlation coefficient. RESULTS All parameters of [(18)F]HX4 uptake were significantly correlated between scans: SUVmax (r = 0.958, p < 0.001), SUVmean (r = 0.946, p < 0.001), TBRmax (r = 0.962, p < 0.001) and HV1.2 (r = 0.995, p < 0.001). The relative coefficients of repeatability were 15 % (SUVmean), 17 % (SUVmax) and 17 % (TBRmax). Voxel-wise analysis of the spatial uptake pattern within the tumors provided an average correlation of 0.65 ± 0.14. CONCLUSION Repeated hypoxia PET scans with [(18)F]HX4 provide reproducible and spatially stable results in patients with head and neck cancer and patients with lung cancer. [(18)F]HX4 PET imaging can be used to assess the hypoxic status of tumors and has the potential to aid hypoxia-targeted treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catharina M L Zegers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter van Elmpt
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Szardenings
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals, 170 Harbor Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hartmuth Kolb
- Siemens Molecular Imaging Biomarker Research, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 6100 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA, USA
| | - Alan Waxman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rathan M Subramaniam
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiologic Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dae Hyuk Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Shyam M Srinivas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Philippe Lambin
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David Chien
- Siemens Molecular Imaging Biomarker Research, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., 6100 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
De Vos S, Flowers C, Wang D, Swinnen LJ, Fowler NH, Reid EG, Cordero J, Gifford M, D'Amico D, Dunbar M, Zhu M, Salem AH, Enschede SH, Ricker JL, Chien D, Humerickhouse R, Kozloff M. Interim results from a dose-escalation study of the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax (ABT-199/GDC-0199) plus bendamustine (B) and rituximab (R) in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.8535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sven De Vos
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher Flowers
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ding Wang
- Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zegers C, Van Elmpt W, Hoebers F, Chien D, Lambin P. OC-0623: Hypoxia [18F]HX4 PET imaging in patients with head and neck cancer: repeatability and stability during radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED Standardized uptake value (SUV) normalized by lean body mass ([LBM] SUL) is becoming a popular metric for quantitative assessment of clinical PET. Sex-specific quantitative effects of different LBM formulations on liver SUV have not been well studied. METHODS (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans from 1,033 consecutive adult (501 women, 532 men) studies were reviewed. Liver SUV was measured with a 3-cm-diameter spheric region of interest in the right hepatic lobe and corrected for LBM using the sex-specific James and Janmahasatian formulations. RESULTS Body weight was 71.0 ± 20.7 kg (range, 18.0-175.0 kg) and 82.9 ± 18.6 kg (range, 23.0-159.0 kg) for women and men, respectively. SUV, based on body weight, has a significantly positive correlation with weight for both women (r = 0.58, P < 0.0001) and men (r = 0.54, P < 0.0001). This correlation is reduced in men (r = 0.11, P = 0.01) and becomes negative for women (r = -0.35, P = 0.0001) with the James formulation of SUL. This negative correlation was eliminated when the very obese women (body mass index ≥ 35) were excluded from the analysis (r = 0.13, P = 0.8). The Janmahasatian formulation annuls the correlation between SUL and weight for women (r = 0.04, P = 0.4) and decreases it for men (r = 0.13, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Hepatic correction with the more common James formulation for body lean mass breaks down and shows low SUL values in very obese patients. The adoption of the Janmahasatian formula for estimation of LBM in modern PET scanners and display workstations is recommended, in view of the increasing frequency of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel K Tahari
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Medical Imaging, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Chien
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Javad R Azadi
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Richard L Wahl
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kolb H, Attardo G, Mintun M, Chien D, Elizarov A, Conti P, Miller C, Joshi A, Skovronsky D. DT‐02–01: First case report: Image to autopsy correlation for tau imaging with [18F]‐T808 (AV‐680). Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmuth Kolb
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States
| | - Giorgio Attardo
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States
| | - Mark Mintun
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States
| | - David Chien
- Siemens Healthcare Playa Del Rey California United States
| | | | - Peter Conti
- University of Southern California Los Angeles California United States
| | - Carol Miller
- Keck School of Medicine of USC Los Angeles California United States
| | - Abhinay Joshi
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals Philadelphia Pennsylvania United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fukushima K, Javadi MS, Higuchi T, Bravo PE, Chien D, Lautamäki R, Merrill J, Nekolla SG, Bengel FM. Impaired global myocardial flow dynamics despite normal left ventricular function and regional perfusion in chronic kidney disease: a quantitative analysis of clinical 82Rb PET/CT studies. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:887-93. [PMID: 22562499 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.099325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Impaired global myocardial flow reserve (MFR) may be associated with increased risk for cardiac events and coronary artery disease progression. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the effect of CKD on the myocardial microcirculation in patients referred for clinical (82)Rb PET/CT, who had normal left ventricular (LV) function and no flow-limiting coronary artery disease. METHODS Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was available for 230 patients who had undergone rest and pharmacologic stress (82)Rb PET/CT for suspected coronary artery disease. CKD was defined as an eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). After patients with hemodialysis, a renal transplant, abnormal regional perfusion (summed stress score > 4), or reduced LV function (LV ejection fraction < 45%) were excluded, 40 CKD patients remained. Those were compared with a control group without CKD, which was matched for age, sex, coronary risk factors, and systemic hemodynamics (n = 42). List-mode acquisition of PET enabled quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and MFR using a previously validated retention model with correction for (82)Rb extraction. Rest MBF was normalized to rate-pressure product. RESULTS Mean eGFR in the CKD group was reduced (44 ± 14 vs. 99 ± 28 mL/min/1.73 m(2); P < 0.0001), and creatinine was significantly elevated, compared with controls (1.9 ± 1.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2 mg/dL; P < 0.0001). MFR was significantly reduced in CKD (2.2 ± 1.0 vs. 3.0 ± 1.2 for controls; P = 0.027). This reduction was mainly due to increased rest MBF (1.1 ± 0.4 in CKD vs. 0.8 ± 0.2 mL/min/g in controls; P = 0.007). Stress myocardial flow was comparable between both groups (2.3 ± 0.9 vs. 2.3 ± 0.8 mL/min/g; P = 0.08). Overall, MFR was significantly correlated with eGFR (r = 0.41; P = 0.0005). Stress MBF did not correlate with eGFR (r = 0.002; P = 0.45), but rest MBF showed an inverse correlation (r = -0.49; P < 0.0001). Rest MBF was also inversely correlated with hemoglobin (r = -0.28; P = 0.014), but only eGFR was an independent correlate at multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION MFR is impaired in patients with renal insufficiency with normal regional perfusion and LV function, mostly because of elevated rest flow. Absolute quantification of flow may be useful to identify microvascular dysfunction as a precursor of clinically overt coronary disease in this specific risk group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fukushima
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Preoperative imaging studies have an important role in facilitating successful localization of adenomas for surgeons. Their use has increased and parallels the recent growth of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Based on findings that scintigraphy is reported to have the highest accuracy for localization of adenomas when compared with anatomic imaging techniques, this article discusses the current role and limitations of imaging, with a focus on scintigraphy, in the evaluation of patients before surgery for hyperparathyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Chien
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Frey SE, Houghton M, Coates S, Abrignani S, Chien D, Rosa D, Pileri P, Ray R, Di Bisceglie AM, Rinella P, Hill H, Wolff MC, Schultze V, Han JH, Scharschmidt B, Belshe RB. Safety and immunogenicity of HCV E1E2 vaccine adjuvanted with MF59 administered to healthy adults. Vaccine 2010; 28:6367-73. [PMID: 20619382 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic liver disease that often leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In animal studies, chimpanzees were protected against chronic infection following experimental challenge with either homologous or heterologous HCV genotype 1a strains which predominate in the USA and Canada. We describe the first in humans clinical trial of this prophylactic HCV vaccine. METHODS HCV E1E2 adjuvanted with MF59C.1 (an oil-in-water emulsion) was given at 3 different dosages on day 0 and weeks 4, 24 and 48 in a phase 1, placebo-controlled, dose escalation trial to healthy HCV-negative adults. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the proportion of subjects reporting adverse events across the groups. Following vaccination subjects developed antibodies detectable by ELISA, CD81 neutralization and VSV/HCV pseudotype neutralization. There were no significant differences between vaccine groups in the number of responders and geometric mean titers for each of the three assays. All subjects developed lymphocyte proliferation responses to E1E2 and an inverse response to increasing amounts of antigen was noted. CONCLUSIONS The vaccine was safe and generally well-tolerated at each of the 3 dosage levels and induced antibody and lymphoproliferative responses. A larger study to further evaluate safety and immunogenicity is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Frey
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bravo PE, Chien D, Javadi M, Merrill J, Bengel FM. Reference ranges for LVEF and LV volumes from electrocardiographically gated 82Rb cardiac PET/CT using commercially available software. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:898-905. [PMID: 20484424 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.073858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Electrocardiographic gating is increasingly used for (82)Rb cardiac PET/CT, but reference ranges for global functional parameters are not well defined. We sought to establish reference values for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end systolic volume (ESV), and end diastolic volume (EDV) using 4 different commercial software packages. Additionally, we compared 2 different approaches for the definition of a healthy individual. METHODS Sixty-two subjects (mean age +/- SD, 49 +/- 9 y; 85% women; mean body mass index +/- SD, 34 +/- 10 kg/m(2)) who underwent (82)Rb-gated myocardial perfusion PET/CT were evaluated. All subjects had normal myocardial perfusion and no history of coronary artery disease (CAD) or cardiomyopathy. Subgroup 1 consisted of 34 individuals with low pretest probability of CAD (<10%), and subgroup 2 comprised 28 subjects who had no atherosclerosis on a coronary CT angiogram obtained concurrently during the PET/CT session. LVEF, ESV, and EDV were calculated at rest and during dipyridamole-induced stress, using CardIQ Physio (a dedicated PET software) and the 3 major SPECT software packages (Emory Cardiac Toolbox, Quantitative Gated SPECT, and 4DM-SPECT). RESULTS Mean LVEF was significantly different among all 4 software packages. LVEF was most comparable between CardIQ Physio (62% +/- 6% and 54% +/- 7% at stress and rest, respectively) and 4DM-SPECT (64% +/- 7% and 56% +/- 8%, respectively), whereas Emory Cardiac Toolbox yielded higher values (71% +/- 6% and 65% +/- 6%, respectively, P < 0.001) and Quantitated Gated SPECT lower values (56% +/- 8% and 50% +/- 8%, respectively, P < 0.001). Subgroup 1 (low likelihood) demonstrated higher LVEF values than did subgroup 2 (normal CT angiography findings), using all software packages (P < 0.05). However, mean ESV and EDV at stress and rest were comparable between both subgroups (p = NS). Intra- and interobserver agreement were excellent for all methods. CONCLUSION The reference range of LVEF and LV volumes from gated (82)Rb PET/CT varies significantly among available software programs and therefore cannot be used interchangeably. LVEF results were higher when healthy subjects were defined by a low pretest probability of CAD than by normal CT angiography results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paco E Bravo
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lau AL, Yam AY, Michelitsch MMD, Wang X, Gao C, Goodson RJ, Shimizu R, Timoteo G, Hall J, Medina-Selby A, Coit D, McCoin C, Phelps B, Wu P, Hu C, Chien D, Peretz D. Characterization of prion protein (PrP)-derived peptides that discriminate full-length PrPSc from PrPC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:11551-6. [PMID: 17601775 PMCID: PMC1904418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0704260104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
On our initial discovery that prion protein (PrP)-derived peptides were capable of capturing the pathogenic prion protein (PrP(Sc)), we have been interested in how these peptides interact with PrP(Sc). After screening peptides from the entire human PrP sequence, we found two peptides (PrP(19-30) and PrP(100-111)) capable of binding full-length PrP(Sc) in plasma, a medium containing a complex mixture of other proteins including a vast excess of the normal prion protein (PrP(C)). The limit of detection for captured PrP(Sc) was calculated to be 8 amol from a approximately 10(5)-fold dilution of 10% (wt/vol) human variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease brain homogenate, with >3,800-fold binding specificity to PrP(Sc) over PrP(C). Through extensive analyses, we show that positively charged amino acids play an important, but not exclusive, role in the interaction between the peptides and PrP(Sc). Neither hydrophobic nor polar interactions appear to correlate with binding activity. The peptide-PrP(Sc) interaction was not sequence-specific, but amino acid composition affected binding. Binding occurs through a conformational domain that is only present in PrP(Sc), is species-independent, and is not affected by proteinase K digestion. These and other findings suggest a mechanism by which cationic domains of PrP(C) may play a role in the recruitment of PrP(C) to PrP(Sc).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Lau
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Alice Y. Yam
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | | | - Xuemei Wang
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Carol Gao
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Robert J. Goodson
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Robert Shimizu
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Gulliver Timoteo
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - John Hall
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | | | - Doris Coit
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Colin McCoin
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Bruce Phelps
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Ping Wu
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Celine Hu
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - David Chien
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - David Peretz
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc., Mail Stop 4.3, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vajdy M, Selby M, Medina-Selby A, Coit D, Hall J, Tandeske L, Chien D, Hu C, Rosa D, Singh M, Kazzaz J, Nguyen S, Coates S, Ng P, Abrignani S, Lin YL, Houghton M, O'Hagan DT. Hepatitis C virus polyprotein vaccine formulations capable of inducing broad antibody and cellular immune responses. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:2253-2262. [PMID: 16847121 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although approximately 3 % of the world's population is infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), there is no prophylactic vaccine available. This study reports the design, cloning and purification of a single polyprotein comprising the HCV core protein and non-structural proteins NS3, NS4a, NS4b, NS5a and NS5b. The immunogenicity of this polyprotein, which was formulated in alum, oil-in-water emulsion MF59 or poly(dl-lactide co-glycolide) in the presence or absence of CpG adjuvant, was then determined in a murine model for induction of B- and T-cell responses. The addition of adjuvants or a delivery system to the HCV polyprotein enhanced serum antibody and T-cell proliferative responses, as well as IFN-gamma responses, by CD4+ T cells. The antibody responses were mainly against the NS3 and NS5 components of the polyprotein and relatively poor responses were elicited against NS4 and the core components. IFN-gamma responses, however, were induced against all of the individual components of the polyprotein. These data suggest that the HCV polyprotein delivered with adjuvants induces broad B- and T-cell responses and could be a vaccine candidate against HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vajdy
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Mark Selby
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | | | - Doris Coit
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - John Hall
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Laura Tandeske
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - David Chien
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Celine Hu
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Domenico Rosa
- Chiron Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Jina Kazzaz
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Steve Nguyen
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Steve Coates
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | | | - Yin-Ling Lin
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | | | - Derek T O'Hagan
- Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin S, Arcangel P, Medina-Selby A, Coit D, Ng P, Nguyen S, McCoin C, Gyenes A, Hu C, Tandeske L, Phelps B, Chien D. Design of novel conformational and genotype-specific antigens for improving sensitivity of immunoassays for hepatitis C virus-specific antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:3917-24. [PMID: 16081931 PMCID: PMC1234008 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.8.3917-3924.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current commercially licensed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) mainly use recombinant proteins containing linear epitopes. There is evidence, however, that conformational epitopes of HCV are more immunoreactive. Thus, we have designed an HCV antibody assay that employs a conformational protein, NS3NS4a PI (with functional protease and helicase activities), and a linear fusion protein, multiple-epitope fusion antigen 7.1 (MEFA 7.1) or MEFA 7.2. We have shown that NS3NS4a PI detects early-seroconversion conformation-sensitive antibodies better than c33c antigen. The correct conformation of NS3NS4a PI also cross-reacts with different genotype samples better than the c33c antigen. MEFA 7.1 and MEFA 7.2 incorporate all the major immunodominant and genotype-specific epitopes of HCV core, E1, E2 hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), E2 HVR1-plus-HVR2 consensus, NS3, NS4, and NS5. Since MEFA 7.1 is degraded by the active NS3NS4a PI protease, we designed a second MEFA 7.2 construct in which the six protease cleavage sites found in MEFA 7.1 were eliminated by amino acid mutation. We demonstrate here that MEFA 7.2 remains intact in the presence of NS3NS4a PI and preserves the epitopes present in MEFA 7.1. Compared to currently licensed assays, an ELISA incorporating a combination of the two antigens NS3NS4a PI and MEFA 7.1 or 7.2 demonstrates better serotype sensitivity and detects seroconversion earlier in many commercially available panels. We believe that an assay using NS3NS4a PI and MEFA 7.1 or 7.2 may have the potential to replace current HCV immunoassays for better sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sansan Lin
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
| | - Phillip Arcangel
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
| | | | - Doris Coit
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
| | - Philip Ng
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
| | - Steve Nguyen
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
| | - Colin McCoin
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
| | - Alex Gyenes
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
| | - Celine Hu
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
| | - Laura Tandeske
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
| | - Bruce Phelps
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
| | - David Chien
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, California 94608
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton St., Emeryville, CA 94608. Phone: (510) 923-2442. Fax: (510) 923-2586. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cox AL, Netski DM, Mosbruger T, Sherman SG, Strathdee S, Ompad D, Vlahov D, Chien D, Shyamala V, Ray SC, Thomas DL. Prospective evaluation of community-acquired acute-phase hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:951-8. [PMID: 15824985 DOI: 10.1086/428578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than two-thirds of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Western countries are caused by injection drug use, but prospective clinical data regarding the most common mode of HCV acquisition are rare, in part because acute-phase HCV infection is usually asymptomatic. METHODS To characterize acute-phase HCV infection, 179 HCV antibody-negative injection drug users were prospectively evaluated; 62 (34%) of these patients had seroconverted. Twenty of the participants who seroconverted had long-term follow-up with consistent monthly sampling before and after seroconversion, allowing detailed study. RESULTS The first indication of HCV infection was the presence of HCV RNA in serum, which preceded elevation of alanine transaminase levels and total bilirubin levels to > or =2 times baseline in 45% and 77% of patients, respectively. No subjects had jaundice. The median time from initial viremia to seroconversion was 36 days (range, 32-46 days). In one instance, viremia was detected 434 days before seroconversion. However, in no other case was HCV RNA detected >63 days before seroconversion. In subjects with viral persistence, a stable level of HCV RNA in the blood was noted in some subjects within 60 days after the initial detection of viremia, but in others, it was not apparent until >1 year later. In subjects with long-term viral clearance, HCV became persistently undetectable as early as 94 and as late as 620 days after initial viremia. CONCLUSIONS These data underscore the importance of nucleic acid screening of blood donations to prevent HCV transmission and of long-term follow-up to ascertain whether there is viral persistence, at least among injection drug users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shyamala V, Arcangel P, Cottrell J, Coit D, Medina-Selby A, McCoin C, Madriaga D, Chien D, Phelps B. Assessment of the target-capture PCR hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA quantitative assay and comparison with commercial HBV DNA quantitative assays. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 42:5199-204. [PMID: 15528715 PMCID: PMC525161 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.11.5199-5204.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies suggest that hepatitis B virus (HBV) load and genotype may be independent predictors of responses to antiviral therapies. However, it is difficult for clinicians to accurately determine viral loads in patient samples because results--both the values and the units of measure--can vary greatly among different tests. Accordingly, the World Health Organization (WHO) has produced the first international standard for HBV DNA for nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) assays. In the present study, we describe the performance of the target-capture PCR HBV DNA quantitative assay for the quantitation of HBV DNA in clinical samples and reference panels. The range of quantitation was between 50 and 10(10) IU/ml. The sensitivity and accuracy of the target-capture PCR assay were demonstrated by using the HBV panel from Quality Control for Medical Diagnostics (QCMD) and the WHO HBV DNA standard. The target-capture PCR assay quantitated the six genotype A members of the QCMD panel and dilutions of the WHO HBV DNA standard within an accuracy of 74 to 142%. Compared to current serological methods, the assay offers window period reductions of 19 days prior to HBV surface antigen and 26 days prior to HBV e antigen detection. The target-capture PCR assay was also compared with four commercially available NAT assays, and the various units of measure were standardized with respect to the international units of the WHO HBV DNA standard. The target-capture PCR assay is a sensitive, accurate, high-throughput, rapid, and reproducible assay for the determination of HBV loads.
Collapse
|
31
|
Shyamala V, Cottrell J, Arcangel P, Madriaga D, Linnen J, Phelps B, Chien D. Detection and quantitation of HBV DNA in the WHO International Standard for HIV-1 RNA (NIBSC code: 97/656). J Virol Methods 2004; 118:69-72. [PMID: 15158070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2003] [Revised: 01/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic-acid amplification technology (NAT) assays have been implemented for HCV and HIV-1 in the United States, and many parts of Europe, Australia and Asia. Nucleic acid detection assays utilize many different technologies, and the WHO International Standards for nucleic acid tests are widely used to compare them. Currently, several laboratories are developing an assay for simultaneous detection of HCV RNA, HIV-1 RNA and HBV DNA. In the course of such development it was observed that the WHO International Standard for HIV-1 RNA (97/656) was positive for HBV DNA. In this report we confirm the presence of HBV DNA in the HIV-1 international standard through the qualitative Procleix-Ultrio assay. Further, using the TaqMan technology, through quantitative Bead Capture-TaqMan assay, we report that approximately 1000IU/ml dilution of HIV RNA contains approximately 4500IU/ml of HBV DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatakrishna Shyamala
- Chiron Corporation, Blood Testing Division, 4560 Horton Street, 4.305, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jin P, Fu GK, Wilson AD, Yang J, Chien D, Hawkins PR, Au-Young J, Stuve LL. PCR isolation and cloning of novel splice variant mRNAs from known drug target genes. Genomics 2004; 83:566-71. [PMID: 15028279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2003] [Accepted: 09/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs is an important mechanism for the generation of vertebrate protein diversity. Unfortunately, the contribution of alternative splicing to protein diversity is currently not well understood because many full-length mRNA sequences have yet to be identified. In this report, we describe the use of RT-PCR to identify and clone 279 novel alternatively spliced mRNAs from 114 well-known drug target genes. Our findings demonstrate the existence of many novel alternatively spliced mRNA transcripts and suggest that many more genes undergo functionally significant alternative splicing than previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Jin
- Incyte Corporation, 3160 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Weiner AJ, Paliard X, Selby MJ, Medina-Selby A, Coit D, Nguyen S, Kansopon J, Arian CL, Ng P, Tucker J, Lee CT, Polakos NK, Han J, Wong S, Lu HH, Rosenberg S, Brasky KM, Chien D, Kuo G, Houghton M. Intrahepatic genetic inoculation of hepatitis C virus RNA confers cross-protective immunity. J Virol 2001; 75:7142-8. [PMID: 11435595 PMCID: PMC114443 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.15.7142-7148.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has long been thought to induce a weak immunity which is insufficient to protect an individual from subsequent infections and has cast doubt on the ability to develop effective vaccines. A series of intrahepatic genetic inoculations (IHGI) with type 1a HCV RNA were performed in a chimpanzee to determine whether a form of genetic immunization might stimulate protective immunity. We demonstrate that the chimpanzee not only developed protective immunity to the homologous type 1a RNA after rechallenge by IHGI but was also protected from chronic HCV infection after sequential rechallenge with 100 50% chimpanzee infectious doses of a heterologous type 1a (H77) and 1b (HC-J4) whole-virus inoculum. These results offer encouragement to pursue the development of HCV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Weiner
- Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California 94608, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu Z, Choi J, Yen T, Lu W, Strohecker A, Govindarajan S, Chien D, Selby MJ, Ou JH. Synthesis of a novel hepatitis C virus protein by ribosomal frameshift. EMBO J 2001; 20:3840-8. [PMID: 11447125 PMCID: PMC125543 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.14.3840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2000] [Revised: 05/25/2001] [Accepted: 05/25/2001] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen that affects approximately 100 million people worldwide. Its RNA genome codes for a polyprotein, which is cleaved by viral and cellular proteases to produce at least 10 mature viral protein products. We report here the discovery of a novel HCV protein synthesized by ribosomal frameshift. This protein, which we named the F protein, is synthesized from the initiation codon of the polyprotein sequence followed by ribosomal frameshift into the -2/+1 reading frame. This ribosomal frameshift requires only codons 8-14 of the core protein-coding sequence, and the shift junction is located at or near codon 11. An F protein analog synthesized in vitro reacted with the sera of HCV patients but not with the sera of hepatitis B patients, indicating the expression of the F protein during natural HCV infection. This unexpected finding may open new avenues for the development of anti-HCV drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T.S.Benedict Yen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR-401, Los Angeles, CA 90033,
Department of Pathology, University of California, and Pathology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, Department of Pathology, University of Southern California and Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey, CA 90242 and Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | | | | | - Sugantha Govindarajan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR-401, Los Angeles, CA 90033,
Department of Pathology, University of California, and Pathology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, Department of Pathology, University of Southern California and Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey, CA 90242 and Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - David Chien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR-401, Los Angeles, CA 90033,
Department of Pathology, University of California, and Pathology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, Department of Pathology, University of Southern California and Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey, CA 90242 and Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Mark J. Selby
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR-401, Los Angeles, CA 90033,
Department of Pathology, University of California, and Pathology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, Department of Pathology, University of Southern California and Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey, CA 90242 and Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Jing-hsiung Ou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR-401, Los Angeles, CA 90033,
Department of Pathology, University of California, and Pathology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, Department of Pathology, University of Southern California and Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey, CA 90242 and Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Polakos NK, Drane D, Cox J, Ng P, Selby MJ, Chien D, O'Hagan DT, Houghton M, Paliard X. Characterization of hepatitis C virus core-specific immune responses primed in rhesus macaques by a nonclassical ISCOM vaccine. J Immunol 2001; 166:3589-98. [PMID: 11207320 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.5.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are only effective in a restricted number of patients. Cellular immune responses, particularly those mediated by CD8(+) CTLs, are thought to play a role in the control of infection and the response to antiviral therapies. Because the Core protein is the most conserved HCV protein among genotypes, we evaluated the ability of a Core prototype vaccine to prime cellular immune responses in rhesus macaques. Since there are serious concerns about using a genetic vaccine encoding for Core, this vaccine was a nonclassical ISCOM formulation in which the Core protein was adsorbed onto (not entrapped within) the ISCOMATRIX, resulting in approximately 1-microm particulates (as opposed to 40 nm for classical ISCOM formulations). We report that this Core-ISCOM prototype vaccine primed strong CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. Using intracellular staining for cytokines, we show that in immunized animals 0.30-0.71 and 0.32-2.21% of the circulating CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, respectively, were specific for naturally processed HCV Core peptides. Furthermore, this vaccine elicited a Th0-type response and induced a high titer of Abs against Core and long-lived cellular immune responses. Finally, we provide evidence that Core-ISCOM could serve as an adjuvant for the HCV envelope protein E1E2. Thus, these data provide evidence that Core-ISCOM is effective at inducing cellular and humoral immune responses in nonhuman primates.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Alleles
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Genes, MHC Class I/immunology
- Hepacivirus/genetics
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepatitis Antibodies/biosynthesis
- ISCOMs/administration & dosage
- ISCOMs/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunization Schedule
- Injections, Intradermal
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macaca mulatta/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Solubility
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Core Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Core Proteins/genetics
- Viral Core Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/immunology
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA acutely regulates fatty acid oxidation in liver in vivo by inhibiting carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Thus rapid increases in the concentration of malonyl-CoA, accompanied by decreases in long-chain fatty acyl carnitine (LCFA-carnitine) and fatty acid oxidation have been observed in liver of fasted-refed rats. It is less clear that it plays a similar role in skeletal muscle. To examine this question, whole body respiratory quotients (RQ) and the concentrations of malonyl-CoA and LCFA-carnitine in muscle were determined in 48-h-starved rats before and at various times after refeeding. RQ values were 0.82 at baseline and increased to 0.93, 1. 0, 1.05, and 1.09 after 1, 3, 12, and 18 h of refeeding, respectively, suggesting inhibition of fat oxidation in all tissues. The increases in RQ at each time point correlated closely (r = 0.98) with increases (50-250%) in the concentration of malonyl-CoA in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and decreases in plasma FFA and muscle LCFA-carnitine levels. Similar changes in malonyl-CoA and LCFA-carnitine were observed in liver. The increases in malonyl-CoA in muscle during refeeding were not associated with increases in the assayable activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) or decreases in the activity of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD). The results suggest that, during refeeding after a fast, decreases in fatty acid oxidation occur rapidly in muscle and are attributable both to decreases in plasma FFA and increases in the concentration of malonyl-CoA. They also suggest that the increase in malonyl-CoA in this situation is not due to changes in the assayable activity of either ACC or MCD or an increase in the cytosolic concentration of citrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Chien
- Diabetes Unit, Section of Endocrinology and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Heile JM, Fong YL, Rosa D, Berger K, Saletti G, Campagnoli S, Bensi G, Capo S, Coates S, Crawford K, Dong C, Wininger M, Baker G, Cousens L, Chien D, Ng P, Archangel P, Grandi G, Houghton M, Abrignani S. Evaluation of hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 for vaccine design: an endoplasmic reticulum-retained recombinant protein is superior to secreted recombinant protein and DNA-based vaccine candidates. J Virol 2000; 74:6885-92. [PMID: 10888628 PMCID: PMC112206 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.15.6885-6892.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2000] [Accepted: 05/04/2000] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading causative agent of blood-borne chronic hepatitis and is the target of intensive vaccine research. The virus genome encodes a number of structural and nonstructural antigens which could be used in a subunit vaccine. The HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 has recently been shown to bind CD81 on human cells and therefore is a prime candidate for inclusion in any such vaccine. The experiments presented here assessed the optimal form of HCV E2 antigen from the perspective of antibody generation. The quality of recombinant E2 protein was evaluated by both the capacity to bind its putative receptor CD81 on human cells and the ability to elicit antibodies that inhibited this binding (NOB antibodies). We show that truncated E2 proteins expressed in mammalian cells bind with high efficiency to human cells and elicit NOB antibodies in guinea pigs only when purified from the core-glycosylated intracellular fraction, whereas the complex-glycosylated secreted fraction does not bind and elicits no NOB antibodies. We also show that carbohydrate moieties are not necessary for E2 binding to human cells and that only the monomeric nonaggregated fraction can bind to CD81. Moreover, comparing recombinant intracellular E2 protein to several E2-encoding DNA vaccines in mice, we found that protein immunization is superior to DNA in both the quantity and quality of the antibody response elicited. Together, our data suggest that to elicit antibodies aimed at blocking HCV binding to CD81 on human cells, the antigen of choice is a mammalian cell-expressed, monomeric E2 protein purified from the intracellular fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Heile
- IRIS Research Center, Chiron, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee MG, Jeong YK, Kim JC, Kang EM, Kim PN, Auh YH, Chien D, Laub G. Fast T2-weighted liver MR imaging: comparison among breath-hold turbo-spin-echo, HASTE, and inversion recovery (IR) HASTE sequences. Abdom Imaging 2000; 25:93-9. [PMID: 10652931 DOI: 10.1007/s002619910019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of fast T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences on image quality, hepatic lesion detection, and lesion conspicuity. METHODS Three breath-hold, fast T2-weighted sequences with turbo-spin-echo (TSE), half-Fourier acquisition single-shot TSE (HASTE), and inversion recovery (IR) HASTE techniques were examined for 43 lesions in 20 consecutive patients. Evaluation was performed qualitatively on image quality and lesion detectability and quantitatively on lesion conspicuity by using lesion/liver signal-intensity and contrast-to-noise ratios. RESULTS Artifacts were significantly less present on the HASTE sequence (p < 0.01). Both TSE and HASTE sequences detected 39 lesions (91% each); the IR HASTE sequence detected 37 (86%). IR HASTE sequence showed a significantly higher signal-intensity ratio than did the others (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Breath-hold TSE versus breath-hold HASTE or IR HASTE is still the most robust sequence in lesion detection, image quality, and lesion conspicuity. However, the HASTE sequence offers good lesion detection and image quality, and the IR HASTE has a better signal-intensity ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Ulsan Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate left brachiocephalic venous stasis and its relationship to suboptimal contrast-enhanced carotid magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Two groups of patients (group 1, 475 patients; group 2, 159 patients) were examined by contrast-enhanced carotid MRA. Dynamic images of four serial phases were obtained by a three-dimensional fast low-angle shot (3D-FLASH) MRA sequence after bolus injection of 20 ml of gadolinium chelate. In group 1, 43 (9.1%) of 475 cases failed in optimal visualization of carotid arteries because of venous stasis. Left-side injection of contrast media was significantly related to venous stasis (42/43) (P < 0.0001). The patients with venous stasis had a higher mean age (54. 8 +/- 1.5 vs. 60.7 +/- 2.9 years) and higher incidence of hypertension (52.8% vs. 72.1%; P < 0.05). Venous stasis was found at the left brachiocephalic vein (42/43). Compression of the left brachiocephalic vein between the sternum and aorta was confirmed in four cases by venography, chest computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. In group 2, right-side injection did not cause venous stasis at all. The results of this study suggest that use of the right arm for contrast media injection is preferable in the absence of contraindications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:503-509.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lee
- Department of Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-270, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jo BJ, Chung TS, Lee MS, Joo JY, Ebert W, Weinmann HJ, Chien D, Laub G. Comparison of Gadomer-17 and Gd-DTPA in image quality of contrast-enhanced MR angiographies using flow phantom model. Yonsei Med J 1999; 40:413-9. [PMID: 10565249 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1999.40.5.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the image quality of 3D-TOF MR angiography (MRA) using Gadomer-17 with that using Gd-DTPA in a flow phantom model, and to present preliminary data about the proper dose concentration of Gadomer-17. In the visual analysis of vessel conspicuity, we compared the quality of pre- and post-contrast MIP images. For quantitative analysis, the signal intensities were measured in the axial base 3D-TOF images, and then the relative contrast enhancement was calculated. The results of our studies were that: 1. Maximal signal intensities were obtained at 1 mmol/L of Gadomer-17 and 4 mmol/L of Gd-DTPA. 2. Flow-related signal loss was decreased by Gd-DTPA proportional to the concentration, but Gadomer-17 did not show such a dose accumulative effect. In conclusion, after comparing the results of Gd-DTPA, it was clear that improved MRA images and higher signal intensities of vessels were obtained when lower concentrations of Gadomer-17 were used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Jo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chung TS, Joo JY, Lee SK, Chien D, Laub G. Evaluation of cerebral aneurysms with high-resolution MR angiography using a section-interpolation technique: correlation with digital subtraction angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20:229-35. [PMID: 10094343 PMCID: PMC7056094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The objective was to evaluate the results of high-resolution, fast-speed, section-interpolation MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), thereby examining the potential use of a primary noninvasive screening test for intracranial aneurysms. METHODS The images were obtained in 39 cerebral aneurysmal lesions from 30 patients with a time-of-flight MR angiographic technique using a 1.5-T superconducting MR system. The total image volume was divided into four slabs, with 48 partitions each. To save time, only 24 phase-encoded steps were measured and interpolated to 48. The parameters used included 30/6.4 (TR/TE), a flip angle of 25 degrees , a 160x512 matrix, a field of view of 150x200, 7 minutes 42 seconds of scan time, an effective thickness of 0.7 mm, and an entire thickness of 102.2 mm. Maximum intensity projection was used for the image analysis, and a multiplanar reconstruction technique was used for patients with intracranial aneurysms. RESULTS Among 39 intracranial aneurysmal lesions in 30 patients, 21 were ruptured and 18 were unruptured. Twelve lesions were less than 2 mm in size, 12 were 3 to 5 mm, 12 were 6 to 9 mm, and three were larger than 10 mm. At initial examinations, 38 of 39 aneurysmal lesions were detected by both MR angiography and DSA, with 97% sensitivity. In confirming aneurysms in neck and parent vessels, multiplanar reconstruction was successful in detecting all 39 aneurysms, whereas MR angiography was successful in detecting 27 (69%) and DSA was successful in detecting 32 (82%) of the lesions. CONCLUSION High-resolution MR angiography with a section-interpolation technique showed equal results to those of DSA for the detection of intracranial aneurysms and may be used as a primary noninvasive screening test. In the evaluation of aneurysms in neck and parent vessels, the concurrent use of MR angiography and multiplanar reconstruction was far superior to the use of either MR angiography or DSA alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Chung
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Dong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee MG, Jeong YK, Kim MH, Lee SG, Kang EM, Chien D, Shin YM, Ha HK, Kim PN, Auh YH. MR cholangiopancreatography of pancreaticobiliary diseases: comparing single-shot RARE and multislice HASTE sequences. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 171:1539-45. [PMID: 9843285 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.171.6.9843285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we compared the single-shot rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequence with the multislice half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequence to assess the ability of each technique to show various pancreaticobiliary diseases using MR cholangiopancreatography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS MR cholangiopancreatography was performed using both the single-shot RARE and the multislice HASTE pulse sequences in 80 consecutive subjects in whom we had proof of a range of diagnoses. The study population included healthy subjects (n = 9), patients with benign lesions (n = 41), and patients with malignant lesions (n = 30). We analyzed each image using the following criteria: the cause of the lesions, the image quality (i.e., the amount of artifact and the sharpness of anatomic structures such as the right and left hepatic ducts, the extrahepatic bile duct, and the main pancreatic duct), and the reviewers' preference of images. The images were evaluated independently by two radiologists who were unaware of the results of the other cholangiopancreatographic sequence and of the diagnosis. RESULTS Artifacts were less prominent in images that were obtained using the single-shot RARE sequence (p = .0192); however, the sharpness of anatomic structures was the same using either sequence (p = .1673). For images that were obtained using the single-shot RARE technique, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in distinguishing malignant from other abnormalities were 83%, 78%, and 80%, respectively; for the multislice HASTE technique, these values were 77%, 72%, and 74%, respectively (p > .05). Disease-specific accuracy in determining the correct diagnosis was 54% and 59%, respectively (p > .05). In patients in whom all the ducts needed to be defined, the single-shot RARE technique was preferred to the multislice HASTE technique (p < .01). CONCLUSION The single-shot RARE technique shows fewer artifacts and is preferred to the multislice HASTE technique. However, both techniques show the same degree of sharpness of anatomic structures, both are able to reveal malignant diseases, and both provide enough information to determine a specific diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Ulsan Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yu JS, Kim KW, Kim YH, Jeong EK, Chien D. Comparison of multishot turbo spin echo and HASTE sequences for T2-weighted MRI of liver lesions. J Magn Reson Imaging 1998; 8:1079-84. [PMID: 9786145 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880080512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the relative usefulness of multishot turbo spin echo (TSE) and half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) for determination of optimal breath-hold fast T2-weighted technique in terms of lesion detection, lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and image quality. The images of TSE with and without fat suppression (FS) and of HASTE with and without FS were retrospectively reviewed for 49 patients with 128 lesions. Without FS, TSE and HASTE images allowed depiction of focal hepatic masses (112 of 128, sensitivity = 87.5%) at the same rate. TSE with FS depicted more focal lesions (115 of 128, 89.8%) than HASTE with FS (109 of 128, 85.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). The CNR of each lesion on HASTE sequences was greater (P < .01) than that on TSE sequences. The CNR of hemangioma was distinct from that of solid tumors and cystic lesions in all sequences, and the range of CNR in each group of pathologies overlapped less and were well separated in the HASTE sequences. HASTE sequences produced better image quality with fewer artifacts (P < .0001). The results of this study suggest that HASTE sequences allow differentiation between solid tumors, hemangiomas, and cystic lesions in terms of CNR, producing fewer image artifacts, with acceptable sensitivity in lesion detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Yu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abdullah BJ, Bux SI, Chien D. Safety considerations in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Med J Malaysia 1997; 52:445-53; quiz 454. [PMID: 10968127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
MRI is now an important diagnostic tool in medical management. There are numerous safety issues to be considered by the clinicians prior to requesting an MRI examination for their patients. These include those related to the magnetic field, gradient magnetic fields, the patient and contrast medium. This paper discusses the dangers and necessary precautions essential to reduce the risk of untoward complications from MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Abdullah
- Department of Radiology, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lim TH, Hong MK, Lee JS, Mun CW, Park SJ, Park SW, Ryu JS, Lee JH, Chien D, Laub G. Novel application of breath-hold turbo spin-echo T2 MRI for detection of acute myocardial infarction. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 7:996-1001. [PMID: 9400842 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880070611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the clinical utility of the breath-hold turbo spin-echo T2-weighted MRI in patients with acute myocardial infarction, the results of MRI were compared with those of electrocardiography, coronary angiography, and thallium-201 single photon emission tomography (SPECT) in 23 patients and 5 healthy volunteers. To compare MRI and thallium-SPECT, the left ventricle was divided into five segments, and the presence of myocardial infarction was determined in each segment. MRI demonstrated an abnormally bright signal in 49 of 140 segments (five segments each from 23 patients and 5 volunteers); thallium-SPECT showed a fixed perfusion defect in 52 segments, for an 85% diagnostic concordance rate. The size of the myocardial infarction measured on MRI corresponded well to that measured on thallium-SPECT (r = .70, P < .01). Breath-hold turbo spin-echo T2 MRI can be used for detection of acute myocardial infarction in conjunction with thallium-SPECT, especially when accurate localization of lesion, increased spatial resolution, and anatomic landmarks are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T H Lim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hwang SJ, Tong MJ, Lai PP, Ko ES, Co RL, Chien D, Kuo G. Evaluation of hepatitis B and C viral markers: clinical significance in Asian and Caucasian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States of America. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996; 11:949-54. [PMID: 8912133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the roles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and their clinical significance in Asian-American and Caucasian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the USA, 110 HCC patients, seen in a community-based teaching hospital in the Los Angeles area over a 10 year period, were enrolled. Seventy-nine (72%) patients were Asian-American and 31 (28%) were Caucasians. Of the 110 HCC patients, 69 (63%) were positive for serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 26 (24%) were positive for serum antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), five (all Asian-Americans) were positive for both markers; 11 (10%) patients had a history of alcoholism. HBsAg was detected in 63 (80%) Asian-American patients, significantly higher than in the six (19%) Caucasian HCC patients (P < 0.01). Anti-HCV was detected in 10 (32%) Caucasian and in 16 (20%) Asian-American HCC patients (P > 0.05). Among Asian-American HCC patients, anti-HCV was more prevalent in those who were HBsAg-negative than in the HBsAg-positive patients (69 vs 8%; P < 0.01). A history of alcoholism was obtained in nine (29%) Caucasian HCC patients, significantly higher than in the two (3%) Asian-American HCC patients (P < 0.05). Comparing HCC patients with positive HBsAg and with anti-HCV, HBsAg-positive HCC patients were younger, Asian-Americans and predominantly male; 38% had a family history of liver disease. In contrast, anti-HCV-positive HCC patients were older by nearly a decade and 46% had a history of blood transfusion. Using a stepwise logistic regression analysis, Asian race and patient age < 50 years were found to be independent predictors for HBsAg-positivity, while a history of blood transfusion was the only predictor for anti-HCV-positivity in HCC patients. There was no significant difference in the rate of cirrhosis, serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and survival between HBsAg-positive and anti-HCV-positive HCC patients. In conclusion, chronic HBV infection was the major aetiological factor in Asian-American HCC patients, while chronic HCV infection and alcoholism were major aetiological factors in Caucasian HCC patients in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Hwang
- Liver Centre, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, California 91105, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rosa D, Campagnoli S, Moretto C, Guenzi E, Cousens L, Chin M, Dong C, Weiner AJ, Lau JY, Choo QL, Chien D, Pileri P, Houghton M, Abrignani S. A quantitative test to estimate neutralizing antibodies to the hepatitis C virus: cytofluorimetric assessment of envelope glycoprotein 2 binding to target cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:1759-63. [PMID: 8700831 PMCID: PMC39854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.5.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis. The virus does not replicate efficiently in cell cultures, and it is therefore difficult to assess infection-neutralizing antibodies and to evaluate protective immunity in vitro. To study the binding of the HCV envelope to cell-surface receptors, we developed an assay to assess specific binding of recombinant envelope proteins to human cells and neutralization thereof. HCV recombinant envelope proteins expressed in various systems were incubated with human cells, and binding was assessed by flow cytometry using anti-envelope antibodies. Envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2) expressed in mammalian cells, but not in yeast or insect cells, binds human cells with high affinity (Kd approximately 10(-8) M). We then assessed antibodies able to neutralize E2 binding in the sera of both vaccinated and carrier chimpanzees, as well as in the sera of humans infected with various HCV genotypes. Vaccination with recombinant envelope proteins expressed in mammalian cells elicited high titers of neutralizing antibodies that correlated with protection from HCV challenge. HCV infection does not elicit neutralizing antibodies in most chimpanzees and humans, although low titers of neutralizing antibodies were detectable in a minority of infections. The ability to neutralize binding of E2 derived from the HCV-1 genotype was equally distributed among sera from patients infected with HCV genotypes 1, 2, and 3, demonstrating that binding of E2 is partly independent of E2 hypervariable regions. However, a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against the E2 hypervariable region 1 can partially neutralize binding of E2, indicating that at least two neutralizing epitopes, one of which is hypervariable, should exist on the E2 protein. The neutralization-of-binding assay described will be useful to study protective immunity to HCV infection and for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Rosa
- Chiron-Biocine, Immunobiology Research Institute of Siena (IRIS), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Piazza M, Chien D, Quan S, Houghton M. Lack of antibodies to the envelope glycoproteins of hepatitis C virus in immunoglobulin preparations from screened donors. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1996; 72:69-70. [PMID: 8868116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Piazza
- Istituto Malattie Infettive, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dixit V, Quan S, Martin P, Larson D, Brezina M, DiNello R, Sra K, Lau JY, Chien D, Kolberg J. Evaluation of a novel serotyping system for hepatitis C virus: strong correlation with standard genotyping methodologies. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:2978-83. [PMID: 8576357 PMCID: PMC228618 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.11.2978-2983.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct sequencing and analysis of viral genomes are definitive methods for identifying various hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes. However, HCV genome sequencing methods are cumbersome and unsuitable for analyzing large numbers of clinical samples. We have developed a convenient, reliable, and reproducible RIBA strip immunoblot assay system for determining HCV serotype. Briefly, the assay consists of an immunoblot strip on which there are five lanes of immobilized serotype-specific HCV peptides from the nonstructural (NS-4) and core regions of the genomes of HCV types 1,2, and 3. HCV serotype is deduced by determining the greatest intensity of reactivity to the NS-4 serotype-specific HCV peptide band in relation to the intensity of the human immunoglobulin G internal control bands on each strip. HCV core peptide reactivity is used only in the absence of NS-4 reactivity. We used this assay to successfully serotype a high percentage of sera from well-documented HCV-infected patients. Our serotyping results correlated 99% with the findings from the standard restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping methods. Less than 5% of the serum samples were untypeable. For a selected group of alpha interferon-treated patients we observed that the nonresponders (76.2%) and a majority of the responders who relapsed (72.2%) had type 2 HCV infection. A small population (n= 8) of complete responders was split 3:4:1 as type 1, type 2, and type 3, respectively. Our data indicate that this new serotyping assay has the potential to be a highly specific and reliable method for typing of HCV infection in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Dixit
- Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine 90095-7019, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chien D, Saloner D, Laub G, Simonetti O, Anderson CM. High speed bolus tagging: time resolved velocity quantification of pulsatile flow in a single breath hold. Magn Reson Med 1994; 32:661-7. [PMID: 7808269 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910320517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have implemented a high speed method for cardiac-triggered blood velocity quantification within a single breath hold on a conventional MR system. The method, based on bolus tagging, was tested using a pulsatile flow phantom and evaluated in vivo. The image acquisition time was reduced by a factor of N by acquiring N phase encode lines per bolus tag application. The clarity of the flow tag was found to vary with how k-space was covered during data collection. The technique was optimized and multiple bolus tag images were obtained throughout the cardiac cycle within a single breathold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Chien
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|