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Jamin C, Sanders BK, Zhou M, Costessi A, Duijsings D, Kluytmans JAJW, van Alphen LB, Schrauwen EJA. Genetic analysis of plasmid-encoded mcr-1 resistance in Enterobacteriaceae derived from poultry meat in the Netherlands. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlab156. [PMID: 34806003 PMCID: PMC8597959 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colistin is classified as the highest priority and critically important antimicrobial for human medicine by WHO as it is the last resort agent for treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in humans. Additional research is necessary to elucidate the genetic structure of mcr-1 resistance genes, commonly found on plasmids, using WGS. Objectives To map and compare the genetic characteristics of 35 mcr-1-mediated colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chicken meat to highlight the genetic variation of the mcr-1-containing plasmids. Methods Sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq2500, Novaseq6000 and ONT’s GridION. GridION data was locally basecalled and demultiplexed using ONT’s Albacore 2.3.4 followed by Porechop 2.3. Quality filtering was performed using Filtlong 2.0. Hybrid Assembly was performed using Unicycler 4.7. Plasmids were compared with reference sequences in plasmid-RefSeq and pATLAS. Results A total of 35 mcr-1 positive Enterobacteriaceae were investigated, which resulted in 34 qualitatively robust hybrid assemblies of 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 32 Escherichia coli. mcr-1.1 was present in 33/34 isolates. One isolate contained an mcr-1.1-like resistance gene, due to a deletion of one codon. Two mcr-1.1 genes were located on the chromosome, while the majority of the mcr-1 genes were found on IncX4 type plasmids (n = 19). Almost all plasmids identified in this study were highly similar to plasmids found in human-derived strains. Conclusions The mcr-1.1-containing plasmids from retail chicken show high sequence similarity to human mcr-1.1 plasmids, suggesting that this may be a contributor to the presence of colistin resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Jamin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bazante K Sanders
- Academy for Technology of Health and Environment, Avans University of Applied Science, Breda, The Netherlands.,Research Group Analysis Techniques in Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Academy for Technology of Health and Environment, Avans University of Applied Science, Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan A J W Kluytmans
- Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke B van Alphen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje J A Schrauwen
- Academy for Technology of Health and Environment, Avans University of Applied Science, Breda, The Netherlands.,Research Group Analysis Techniques in Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands
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2
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Djamin RS, Talman S, Schrauwen EJA, von Wintersdorff CJH, Wolffs PF, Savelkoul PHM, Uzun S, Kerstens R, van der Eerden MM, Kluytmans JAJW. Prevalence and abundance of selected genes conferring macrolide resistance genes in COPD patients during maintenance treatment with azithromycin. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:116. [PMID: 32723393 PMCID: PMC7389634 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Maintenance treatment with macrolide antibiotics has shown to be effective in reducing exacerbations in COPD patients. A major concern with prolonged treatment with antibiotics is the development of bacterial resistance. In this study we determined the effect of azithromycin on the development and acquisition of resistance to macrolides in the nasopharyngeal flora in COPD patients. Methods This study was part of the COLUMBUS trial, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to measure the effect of maintenance treatment with azithromycin in 92 COPD patients on the exacerbation rates during a 12-month period. In order to determine resistance to macrolides, we used a targeted metagenomic approach to measure the presence and relative abundance of specific macrolide resistance genes ermB, ermF and mefA in throat samples collected at different time-points during this 12-month period. Results There was no increased risk for acquisition of macrolide resistance genes in the azithromycin group compared to the placebo group in COPD patients. However, loss of the macrolide resistance gene ermB was increased overtime in the placebo treated group compared to the azithromycin group (n = 5 for the placebo group versus n = 0 for the azithromycin group at 12 months; p = 0.012). The change in relative abundance of the three macrolide-resistance genes showed that all but one (ermF) increased during treatment with azithromycin. Conclusions The acquisition rate of macrolide resistance genes in COPD patients treated with azithromycin maintenance therapy was limited, but the relative abundance of macrolide resistance genes increased significantly over time compared to placebo. This study was part of the COLUMBUS trial (Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00985244).
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco S Djamin
- Department t of Respiratory Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Talman
- Department t of Respiratory Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands.
| | - Eefje J A Schrauwen
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Academy for Technology and Environmental Health, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, the Netherlands
| | | | - Petra F Wolffs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sevim Uzun
- Department t of Respiratory Medicine, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - René Kerstens
- Orion Statistical Consulting BV, Hilvarenbeek, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan A J W Kluytmans
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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den Drijver E, Verweij JJ, Verhulst C, Oome S, Soer J, Willemsen I, Schrauwen EJA, Kluytmans—van den Bergh MFQ, Kluytmans JAJW. Decline in AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a Dutch teaching hospital (2013-2016). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204864. [PMID: 30273375 PMCID: PMC6166941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of rectal carriage of plasmid- and chromosome-encoded AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in patients in a Dutch teaching hospital between 2013 and 2016. METHODS Between 2013 and 2016, hospital-wide yearly prevalence surveys were performed to determine the prevalence of AmpC β-lactamase-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. rectal carriage. Rectal swabs were taken and cultured using an enrichment broth and selective agar plates. All E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates were screened for production of AmpC β-lactamase using phenotypic confirmation tests and for the presence of plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC) genes. E. coli isolates were screened for chromosome-encoded AmpC (cAmpC) promoter/attenuator alterations. RESULTS Fifty (2.4%) of 2,126 evaluable patients were identified as rectal carrier of AmpC β-lactamase-producing E. coli. No carriage of AmpC β-lactamase producing Klebsiella spp. was found. Nineteen (0.9%) patients harboured isolates with pAmpC genes and 30 (1,4%) patients harboured isolates with cAmpC promoter/attenuator alterations associated with AmpC β-lactamase overproduction. For one isolate, no pAmpC genes or cAmpC promotor/attenuator alterations could be identified. During the study period, a statistically significant decline in the prevalence of rectal carriage with E. coli with cAmpC promotor/attenuator alterations was found (p = 0.012). The prevalence of pAmpC remained stable over the years. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of rectal carriage of AmpC-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in patients in Dutch hospitals is low and a declining trend was observed for E. coli with cAmpC promotor/attenuator alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert den Drijver
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jaco J. Verweij
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Verhulst
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Oome
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Avans Academy for Technology of Health & Environment, AVANS University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Soer
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Avans Academy for Technology of Health & Environment, AVANS University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Ina Willemsen
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje J. A. Schrauwen
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Avans Academy for Technology of Health & Environment, AVANS University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein F. Q. Kluytmans—van den Bergh
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Amphia Academy Infectious Disease Foundation, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A. J. W. Kluytmans
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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4
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Schrauwen EJA, Huizinga P, van Spreuwel N, Verhulst C, Kluytmans-van den Bergh MFQ, Kluytmans JAJW. High prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in retail chicken meat in the Netherlands in 2015. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:83. [PMID: 28828173 PMCID: PMC5563067 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, plasmid-mediated colistin resistance was reported in humans, animals and food. We studied the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 in Dutch retail chicken meat. The prevalence of mcr-1 was 24,8% (53/214), whereas mcr-2 was not found. The presence of mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae was confirmed by culture in 34/53 samples (64,2%). The prevalence depended on the supermarket chain and was lower in free-range chicken samples. The unexpected high prevalence of mcr-1 in food is cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eefje J A Schrauwen
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Academy for Technology and Environmental Health, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Pepijn Huizinga
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Nick van Spreuwel
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Academy for Technology and Environmental Health, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Verhulst
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein F Q Kluytmans-van den Bergh
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Amphia Academy Infectious Disease Foundation, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A J W Kluytmans
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Amphia Academy Infectious Disease Foundation, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Mögling R, Richard MJ, Vliet SVD, Beek RV, Schrauwen EJA, Spronken MI, Rimmelzwaan GF, Fouchier RAM. Neuraminidase-mediated haemagglutination of recent human influenza A(H3N2) viruses is determined by arginine 150 flanking the neuraminidase catalytic site. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1274-1281. [PMID: 28612701 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, an increasing proportion of circulating human influenza A(H3N2) viruses exhibited haemagglutination activity that was sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors. This change in haemagglutination as compared to older circulating A(H3N2) viruses prompted an investigation of the underlying molecular basis. Recent human influenza A(H3N2) viruses were found to agglutinate turkey erythrocytes in a manner that could be blocked with either oseltamivir or neuraminidase-specific antisera, indicating that agglutination was driven by neuraminidase, with a low or negligible contribution of haemagglutinin. Using representative virus recombinants it was shown that the haemagglutinin of a recent A(H3N2) virus indeed had decreased activity to agglutinate turkey erythrocytes, while its neuraminidase displayed increased haemagglutinating activity. Viruses with chimeric and mutant neuraminidases were used to identify the amino acid substitution histidine to arginine at position 150 flanking the neuraminidase catalytic site as the determinant of this neuraminidase-mediated haemagglutination. An analysis of publicly available neuraminidase gene sequences showed that viruses with histidine at position 150 were rapidly replaced by viruses with arginine at this position between 2005 and 2008, in agreement with the phenotypic data. As a consequence of neuraminidase-mediated haemagglutination of recent A(H3N2) viruses and poor haemagglutination via haemagglutinin, haemagglutination inhibition assays with A(H3N2) antisera are no longer useful to characterize the antigenic properties of the haemagglutinin of these viruses for vaccine strain selection purposes. Continuous monitoring of the evolution of these viruses and potential consequences for vaccine strain selection remains important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Mögling
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ruud van Beek
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje J A Schrauwen
- Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Short KR, Richard M, Verhagen JH, van Riel D, Schrauwen EJA, van den Brand JMA, Mänz B, Bodewes R, Herfst S. One health, multiple challenges: The inter-species transmission of influenza A virus. One Health 2015; 1:1-13. [PMID: 26309905 PMCID: PMC4542011 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are amongst the most challenging viruses that threaten both human and animal health. Influenza A viruses are unique in many ways. Firstly, they are unique in the diversity of host species that they infect. This includes waterfowl (the original reservoir), terrestrial and aquatic poultry, swine, humans, horses, dog, cats, whales, seals and several other mammalian species. Secondly, they are unique in their capacity to evolve and adapt, following crossing the species barrier, in order to replicate and spread to other individuals within the new species. Finally, they are unique in the frequency of inter-species transmission events that occur. Indeed, the consequences of novel influenza virus strain in an immunologically naïve population can be devastating. The problems that influenza A viruses present for human and animal health are numerous. For example, influenza A viruses in humans represent a major economic and disease burden, whilst the poultry industry has suffered colossal damage due to repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of influenza A viruses by shedding light on interspecies virus transmission and summarising the current knowledge regarding how influenza viruses can adapt to a new host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty R Short
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, the Netherlands ; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | | | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Benjamin Mänz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, the Netherlands
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7
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Linster M, van Boheemen S, de Graaf M, Schrauwen EJA, Lexmond P, Mänz B, Bestebroer TM, Baumann J, van Riel D, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME, Matrosovich M, Fouchier RAM, Herfst S. Identification, characterization, and natural selection of mutations driving airborne transmission of A/H5N1 virus. Cell 2014; 157:329-339. [PMID: 24725402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, A/H5N1 influenza viruses were shown to acquire airborne transmissibility between ferrets upon targeted mutagenesis and virus passage. The critical genetic changes in airborne A/Indonesia/5/05 were not yet identified. Here, five substitutions proved to be sufficient to determine this airborne transmission phenotype. Substitutions in PB1 and PB2 collectively caused enhanced transcription and virus replication. One substitution increased HA thermostability and lowered the pH of membrane fusion. Two substitutions independently changed HA binding preference from α2,3-linked to α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors. The loss of a glycosylation site in HA enhanced overall binding to receptors. The acquired substitutions emerged early during ferret passage as minor variants and became dominant rapidly. Identification of substitutions that are essential for airborne transmission of avian influenza viruses between ferrets and their associated phenotypes advances our fundamental understanding of virus transmission and will increase the value of future surveillance programs and public health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Linster
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander van Boheemen
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eefje J A Schrauwen
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Mänz
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Baumann
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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Siegers JY, Short KR, Leijten LME, de Graaf M, Spronken MIJ, Schrauwen EJA, Marshall N, Lowen AC, Gabriel G, Osterhaus ADME, Kuiken T, van Riel D. Novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus attachment to the respiratory tract of five animal models. J Virol 2014; 88:4595-9. [PMID: 24478425 PMCID: PMC3993775 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03190-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the pattern of attachment of the avian-origin H7N9 influenza viruses A/Anhui/1/2013 and A/Shanghai/1/2013 to the respiratory tract in ferrets, macaques, mice, pigs, and guinea pigs and compared it to that in humans. The H7N9 attachment pattern in macaques, mice, and to a lesser extent pigs and guinea pigs resembled that in humans more closely than the attachment pattern in ferrets. This information contributes to our knowledge of the different animal models for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurre Y. Siegers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsty R. Short
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nicolle Marshall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gülsah Gabriel
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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van Riel D, Leijten LME, de Graaf M, Siegers JY, Short KR, Spronken MIJ, Schrauwen EJA, Fouchier RAM, Osterhaus ADME, Kuiken T. Novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus attaches to epithelium in both upper and lower respiratory tract of humans. Am J Pathol 2013; 183:1137-1143. [PMID: 24029490 PMCID: PMC3791677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses from animal reservoirs have the capacity to adapt to humans and cause influenza pandemics. The occurrence of an influenza pandemic requires efficient virus transmission among humans, which is associated with virus attachment to the upper respiratory tract. Pandemic severity depends on virus ability to cause pneumonia, which is associated with virus attachment to the lower respiratory tract. Recently, a novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza A virus with unknown pandemic potential emerged in humans. We determined the pattern of attachment of two genetically engineered viruses containing the hemagglutinin of either influenza virus A/Shanghai/1/13 or A/Anhui/1/13 to formalin-fixed human respiratory tract tissues using histochemical analysis. Our results show that the emerging H7N9 virus attached moderately or abundantly to both upper and lower respiratory tract, a pattern not seen before for avian influenza A viruses. With the caveat that virus attachment is only the first step in the virus replication cycle, these results suggest that the emerging H7N9 virus has the potential both to transmit efficiently among humans and to cause severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke M E Leijten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurre Y Siegers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsty R Short
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique I J Spronken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje J A Schrauwen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Richard M, Schrauwen EJA, de Graaf M, Bestebroer TM, Spronken MIJ, van Boheemen S, de Meulder D, Lexmond P, Linster M, Herfst S, Smith DJ, van den Brand JM, Burke DF, Kuiken T, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Limited airborne transmission of H7N9 influenza A virus between ferrets. Nature 2013; 501:560-3. [PMID: 23925116 PMCID: PMC3819191 DOI: 10.1038/nature12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Herfst S, Schrauwen EJA, Linster M, Chutinimitkul S, de Wit E, Munster VJ, Sorrell EM, Bestebroer TM, Burke DF, Smith DJ, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets. Science 2012; 336:1534-41. [PMID: 22723413 PMCID: PMC4810786 DOI: 10.1126/science.1213362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1147] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus can cause morbidity and mortality in humans but thus far has not acquired the ability to be transmitted by aerosol or respiratory droplet ("airborne transmission") between humans. To address the concern that the virus could acquire this ability under natural conditions, we genetically modified A/H5N1 virus by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent serial passage in ferrets. The genetically modified A/H5N1 virus acquired mutations during passage in ferrets, ultimately becoming airborne transmissible in ferrets. None of the recipient ferrets died after airborne infection with the mutant A/H5N1 viruses. Four amino acid substitutions in the host receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin, and one in the polymerase complex protein basic polymerase 2, were consistently present in airborne-transmitted viruses. The transmissible viruses were sensitive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir and reacted well with antisera raised against H5 influenza vaccine strains. Thus, avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses can acquire the capacity for airborne transmission between mammals without recombination in an intermediate host and therefore constitute a risk for human pandemic influenza.
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MESH Headings
- Air Microbiology
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Containment of Biohazards
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Ferrets
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Humans
- Immune Sera
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza in Birds/epidemiology
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/transmission
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Oseltamivir/pharmacology
- Pandemics
- Poultry
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/chemistry
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics
- Reassortant Viruses/pathogenicity
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Respiratory System/virology
- Reverse Genetics
- Serial Passage
- Sialic Acids/metabolism
- Viral Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Virulence
- Virus Replication
- Virus Shedding
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Herfst
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin Linster
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emmie de Wit
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent J. Munster
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erin M. Sorrell
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M. Bestebroer
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David F. Burke
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Sorrell EM, Schrauwen EJA, Linster M, De Graaf M, Herfst S, Fouchier RAM. Predicting 'airborne' influenza viruses: (trans-) mission impossible? Curr Opin Virol 2011; 1:635-42. [PMID: 22440921 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Repeated transmission of animal influenza viruses to humans has prompted investigation of the viral, host, and environmental factors responsible for transmission via aerosols or respiratory droplets. How do we determine-out of thousands of influenza virus isolates collected in animal surveillance studies each year-which viruses have the potential to become 'airborne', and hence pose a pandemic threat? Here, using knowledge from pandemic, zoonotic and epidemic viruses, we postulate that the minimal requirements for efficient transmission of an animal influenza virus between humans are: efficient virus attachment to (upper) respiratory tissues, replication to high titers in these tissues, and release and aerosolization of single virus particles. Investigating 'airborne' transmission of influenza viruses is key to understand-and predict-influenza pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Sorrell
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Schrauwen EJA, Herfst S, Chutinimitkul S, Bestebroer TM, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME, Kuiken T, Fouchier RAM. Possible increased pathogenicity of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus upon reassortment. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:200-8. [PMID: 21291589 PMCID: PMC3204778 DOI: 10.3201/eid1702.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since emergence of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in April 2009, three influenza A viruses—seasonal (H3N2), seasonal (H1N1), and pandemic (H1N1) 2009—have circulated in humans. Genetic reassortment between these viruses could result in enhanced pathogenicity. We compared 4 reassortant viruses with favorable in vitro replication properties with the wild-type pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus with respect to replication kinetics in vitro and pathogenicity and transmission in ferrets. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses containing basic polymerase 2 alone or in combination with acidic polymerase of seasonal (H1N1) virus were attenuated in ferrets. In contrast, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 with neuraminidase of seasonal (H3N2) virus resulted in increased virus replication and more severe pulmonary lesions. The data show that pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus has the potential to reassort with seasonal influenza viruses, which may result in increased pathogenicity while it maintains the capacity of transmission through aerosols or respiratory droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eefje J A Schrauwen
- National Influenza Centre and Erasmus Medical Center Department of Virology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Schrauwen EJA, Bestebroer TM, Munster VJ, de Wit E, Herfst S, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Insertion of a multibasic cleavage site in the haemagglutinin of human influenza H3N2 virus does not increase pathogenicity in ferrets. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:1410-1415. [PMID: 21346026 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.030379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A multibasic cleavage site (MBCS) in the haemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza A virus is a key determinant of pathogenicity in chickens, and distinguishes highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAI). An MBCS has only been detected in viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes. Here we investigated the phenotype of a human H3N2 virus with an MBCS in HA. Insertion of an MBCS in the H3N2 virus resulted in cleavage of HA and efficient replication in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells in the absence of exogenous trypsin in vitro, similar to HPAI H5N1 virus. However, studies in ferrets demonstrated that insertion of the MBCS into HA did not result in increased virus shedding, cellular host range, systemic replication or pathogenicity, as compared with wild-type virus. This study indicates that acquisition of an MBCS alone is insufficient to increase pathogenicity of a prototypical seasonal human H3N2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eefje J A Schrauwen
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Bestebroer
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.,National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.,National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Herfst S, van den Brand JMA, Schrauwen EJA, de Wit E, Munster VJ, van Amerongen G, Linster M, Zaaraoui F, van Ijcken WFJ, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM, Andeweg AC, Kuiken T. Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza virus causes diffuse alveolar damage in cynomolgus macaques. Vet Pathol 2010; 47:1040-7. [PMID: 20647595 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810374836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of lower respiratory tract disease from the pandemic 2009 H1N1 (H1N1v) influenza A virus is poorly understood. Therefore, either H1N1v virus or a seasonal human H1N1 influenza A virus was inoculated into cynomolgus macaques as a nonhuman primate model of influenza pneumonia, and virological, pathological, and microarray analyses were performed. Macaques in the H1N1v group had virus-associated diffuse alveolar damage involving both type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells and affecting an average of 16% of the lung area. In comparison, macaques in the seasonal H1N1 group had milder pulmonary lesions. H1N1v virus tended to be reisolated from more locations in the respiratory tract and at higher titers than seasonal H1N1 virus. In contrast, differential expression of messenger RNA transcripts between H1N1v and seasonal H1N1 groups did not show significant differences. The most upregulated genes in H1N1v lung samples with lesions belonged to the innate immune response and proinflammatory pathways and correlated with histopathological results. Our results demonstrate that the H1N1v virus infects alveolar epithelial cells and causes diffuse alveolar damage in a nonhuman primate model. Its higher pathogenicity compared with a seasonal H1N1 virus may be explained in part by higher replication in the lower respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Herfst
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Munster VJ, de Wit E, van den Brand JMA, Herfst S, Schrauwen EJA, Bestebroer TM, van de Vijver D, Boucher CA, Koopmans M, Rimmelzwaan GF, Kuiken T, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Pathogenesis and transmission of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus in ferrets. Science 2009; 325:481-3. [PMID: 19574348 PMCID: PMC4814155 DOI: 10.1126/science.1177127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The swine-origin A(H1N1) influenza virus that has emerged in humans in early 2009 has raised concerns about pandemic developments. In a ferret pathogenesis and transmission model, the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus was found to be more pathogenic than a seasonal A(H1N1) virus, with more extensive virus replication occurring in the respiratory tract. Replication of seasonal A(H1N1) virus was confined to the nasal cavity of ferrets, but the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus also replicated in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Virus shedding was more abundant from the upper respiratory tract for 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus as compared with seasonal virus, and transmission via aerosol or respiratory droplets was equally efficient. These data suggest that the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus has the ability to persist in the human population, potentially with more severe clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J. Munster
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emmie de Wit
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith M. A. van den Brand
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eefje J. A. Schrauwen
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo M. Bestebroer
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David van de Vijver
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charles A. Boucher
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- National Influenza Center and Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
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17
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de Graaf M, Schrauwen EJA, Herfst S, van Amerongen G, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Fusion protein is the main determinant of metapneumovirus host tropism. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:1408-1416. [PMID: 19264630 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.009688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (AMPV-C) infect humans and birds, respectively. This study confirmed the difference in host range in turkey poults, and analysed the contribution of the individual metapneumovirus genes to host range in an in vitro cell-culture model. Mammalian Vero-118 cells supported replication of both HMPV and AMPV-C in contrast to avian quail fibroblast (QT6) cells in which only AMPV-C replicated to high titres. Inoculation of Vero-118 and QT6 cells with recombinant HMPV in which genes were exchanged with those of AMPV-C revealed that the metapneumovirus fusion (F) protein is the main determinant for host tropism. Chimeric viruses in which polymerase complex proteins were exchanged between HMPV and AMPV-C replicated less efficiently compared with HMPV in QT6 cells. Using mini-genome systems, it was shown that exchanging these polymerase proteins resulted in reduced replication and transcription efficiency in QT6 cells. Examination of infected Vero-118 and QT6 cells revealed that viruses containing the F protein of AMPV-C yielded larger syncytia compared with viruses containing the HMPV F protein. Cell-content mixing assays revealed that the F protein of AMPV-C was more fusogenic compared with the F protein of HMPV, and that the F2 region is responsible for the difference observed between AMPV-C and HMPV F-promoted fusion in QT6 and Vero-118 cells. This study provides insight into the determinants of host tropism and membrane fusion of metapneumoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje J A Schrauwen
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van Amerongen
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Huisman W, Schrauwen EJA, Tijhaar E, Süzer Y, Pas SD, van Amerongen G, Sutter G, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME. Evaluation of vaccination strategies against infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) based on recombinant viral vectors expressing FIV Rev and OrfA. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 126:332-8. [PMID: 18952300 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years it has become clear that cell-mediated immunity is playing a role in the control of lentivirus infections. In particular, cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses have been associated with improved outcome of infection, especially those directed against the regulatory proteins like Rev and Tat, which are expressed early after infection. Therefore, there is considerable interest in lentiviral vaccine candidates that can induce these types of immune responses. In the present study, we describe the construction and characterisation of expression vectors based on recombinant Semliki Forest virus system and modified vaccinia virus Ankara for the expression of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) accessory proteins Rev and OrfA. These recombinant viral vectors were used to immunize cats using a prime-boost regimen and the protective efficacy of this vaccination strategy was assessed after challenge infection of immunized cats with FIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Huisman
- Erasmus MC, Institute of Virology, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Herfst S, de Graaf M, Schrauwen EJA, Sprong L, Hussain K, van den Hoogen BG, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Generation of temperature-sensitive human metapneumovirus strains that provide protective immunity in hamsters. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:1553-1562. [PMID: 18559924 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/002022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) causes acute respiratory tract illness primarily in young children, immunocompromised individuals and the elderly. Vaccines would be desirable to prevent severe illnesses in these risk groups. Here, we describe the generation and evaluation of cold-passage (cp) temperature-sensitive (ts) HMPV strains as vaccine candidates. Repeated passage of HMPV at low temperatures in Vero cells resulted in the accumulation of mutations in the viral genome. Introduction of these mutations in a recombinant HMPV by reverse genetics resulted in a ts-phenotype, judged on the decreased shut-off temperature for virus replication in vitro. As an alternative approach, three previously described cp-respiratory syncytial virus (cp-HRSV) mutations were introduced in a recombinant HMPV, which also resulted in a low shut-off temperature in vitro. Replication of these ts-viruses containing either the cp-HMPV or cp-HRSV mutations was reduced in the upper respiratory tract (URT) and undetectable in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) of hamsters. Nevertheless, high titres of HMPV-specific antibodies were induced by both ts-viruses. Upon immunization with the ts-viruses, the LRT of hamsters were completely protected against challenge infection with a heterologous HMPV strain, and URT viral titres were reduced by 10 000-fold. In conclusion, we provide proof-of-principle for two candidate live-attenuated HMPV vaccines that induce cross-protective immunity to prevent infection of the LRT in Syrian golden hamsters. Further mapping of the molecular determinants of attenuation of HMPV should be the subject of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Herfst
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leo Sprong
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karim Hussain
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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de Graaf M, Herfst S, Schrauwen EJA, Choi Y, van den Hoogen BG, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Specificity and functional interaction of the polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:975-983. [PMID: 18343839 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) have a similar genome organization and protein composition, but a different host range. AMPV subgroup C (AMPV-C) is more closely related to HMPV than other AMPVs. To investigate the specificity and functional interaction of the polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses, a minireplicon system was generated for AMPV-C and used in combination with minireplicon systems for HMPV lineages A1 and B1. Viral RNA-like molecules representing HMPV-A1 and -B1, AMPV-A and -C and human respiratory syncytial virus were replicated efficiently by polymerase complexes of HMPV-A1 and -B1 and AMPV-C, but not by polymerase complexes of bovine parainfluenza virus 3. Upon exchange of HMPV and AMPV-C polymerase complex components, all chimeric polymerase complexes were functional; exchange between HMPVs did not result in altered polymerase activity, whereas exchange between HMPVs and AMPV-C did. Recombinant HMPV-B1 viruses in which polymerase genes were exchanged with those of HMPV-A1 replicated with normal kinetics in vitro, whilst replacement with AMPV-C genes resulted in moderate differences in virus replication. In hamsters, recombinant HMPV-B1 viruses in which individual polymerase genes were exchanged with those of AMPV-C were attenuated, irrespective of the results obtained with minireplicon systems or in vitro replication assays. This study provides insight into the specificity and functional interaction of polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses, but neither minireplicon systems nor in vitro replication kinetics were found to be predictive for attenuation in permissive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje J A Schrauwen
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Choi
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Huisman W, Schrauwen EJA, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME. Intrahost evolution of envelope glycoprotein and OrfA sequences after experimental infection of cats with a molecular clone and a biological isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus. Virus Res 2008; 137:24-32. [PMID: 18602181 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a member of the genus Lentivirus and causes AIDS-like disease in its natural host, the cat. Like other lentiviruses, FIV displays a high degree of nucleotide sequence variability that is reflected in both the geographic distribution of the viruses and the different cat species that are infected. Although a lot of data on sequence variation at the population level is available, relatively little is known about the intrahost variation of FIV sequences. In the present study, cats were infected with either a biological isolate of FIV or a molecular clone that was derived from the same isolate, AM19. After infection, the cats were monitored for up to 3 years and at various time points sequences were obtained of virus circulating in the plasma. Regions of the env gene and the orfA gene were amplified, cloned and their nucleotide sequence analyzed. Furthermore, the extent of sequence variation in the original inocula was also determined. It was found that FIV is displaying relative little sequence variation during infection of its host, both in the env and the orfA gene, especially after infection with molecular clone 19k1. Although the extent of variation was higher after infection with biological isolate AM19, a large portion of these variant sequences was already present in the inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Huisman
- Erasmus MC, Institute of Virology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Herfst S, Schrauwen EJA, de Graaf M, van Amerongen G, van den Hoogen BG, de Swart RL, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Immunogenicity and efficacy of two candidate human metapneumovirus vaccines in cynomolgus macaques. Vaccine 2008; 26:4224-30. [PMID: 18585830 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of acute respiratory tract disease for which the development of vaccine candidates is warranted. We have previously described the generation of an iscom matrix-adjuvanted HMPV fusion protein subunit vaccine (Fsol) and a live-attenuated vaccine (HMPVM11). Here, we evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of these vaccines in cynomolgus macaques. Immunization with Fsol induced HMPV F-specific antibody responses, virus neutralizing antibody titers, and cellular immune responses, but the induced humoral immune response waned rapidly over time. HMPVM11 was strongly attenuated and displayed limited immunogenicity, although immunization with this virus primed for a good secondary HMPV-specific lymphoproliferative response after challenge infection. The duration of virus shedding in HMPVM11-immunized animals was reduced compared to sham-immunized animals. Both vaccines induced HMPV-specific immune responses, but the rapid waning of immunity is a challenging obstacle for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Herfst
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Huisman W, Schrauwen EJA, Pas SD, van Amerongen G, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME. Evaluation of ISCOM-adjuvanted subunit vaccines containing recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus Rev, OrfA and envelope protein in cats. Vaccine 2008; 26:2553-61. [PMID: 18430494 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
For the development of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vaccines mostly structural proteins have been evaluated for their capacity to induce protective immunity. In the present study, subunit vaccines containing recombinant FIV accessory proteins Rev and OrfA were evaluated in cats. Cats were vaccinated repeatedly with these proteins, adjuvanted with immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs). In addition, cats were vaccinated with bacterially expressed fragments spanning the entire FIV envelope protein, either alone or in combination with the regulatory proteins. Subsequently, the cats were challenged with a homologous FIV strain to assess the level of protective immunity achieved with the respective vaccination regimens. Although the vaccines proved to be immunogenic, vaccinated cats were not protected from infection with FIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Huisman
- Erasmus MC, Institute of Virology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Herfst S, de Graaf M, Schrauwen EJA, Ulbrandt ND, Barnes AS, Senthil K, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM, van den Hoogen BG. Immunization of Syrian golden hamsters with F subunit vaccine of human metapneumovirus induces protection against challenge with homologous or heterologous strains. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:2702-2709. [PMID: 17872522 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a newly discovered paramyxovirus, is associated with acute respiratory-tract illness, primarily in young children, individuals with underlying disease and the elderly. Two genetic lineages of hMPV circulate around the world, and viruses from these two lineages demonstrate antigenic differences. The clinical impact of hMPV warrants the development of vaccines. Recombinant soluble fusion (F) proteins of prototype viruses of the two main lineages of hMPV that can be produced in high yields have been constructed. In this study, the antigenicity, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these soluble F subunit vaccines were evaluated in Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Immunization of hamsters with the soluble F proteins, adjuvanted with Specol or iscom matrix, induced high virus-neutralization titres, with higher titres against the homologous than the heterologous virus. The neutralizing antibodies protected from subsequent infection of the lungs with both homologous and heterologous virus. Upon challenge, viral titres in the nasal turbinates of immunized animals were reduced significantly compared with those of PBS-immunized animals. In conclusion, a soluble F subunit vaccine for hMPV that induces cross-protective immunity for infection of the lower respiratory tract in Syrian golden hamsters has been generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Herfst
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Arnita S Barnes
- MedImmune, Inc., 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Kannaki Senthil
- MedImmune, Inc., 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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de Graaf M, Herfst S, Schrauwen EJA, van den Hoogen BG, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. An improved plaque reduction virus neutralization assay for human metapneumovirus. J Virol Methods 2007; 143:169-74. [PMID: 17420056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Virus-neutralizing antibodies against human metapneumovirus (hMPV) have been shown to be important indicators for protection in experimental animal models. An improved plaque reduction virus neutralization assay to detect hMPV-specific neutralizing antibodies was designed using two prototype recombinant hMPV strains expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). These prototypes represented each of the main antigenic variants of hMPV, because antigenic variability could have implications for vaccine development. The utility of mutations in the F gene resulting in trypsin-independent replication was also tested. Although these mutant hMPV strains could replicate in the absence of trypsin, bigger plaque size was achieved with the addition of trypsin. Insertion of the GFP gene in the genome of hMPV did not affect replication of the virus in vitro. Plaques could be detected by measuring expression of GFP after 5 days by automated scanning. Ferret, hamster, and macaque sera positive for hMPV were compared in a conventional virus neutralization assay and the plaque reduction virus neutralization assay. The results obtained with the two assays were in agreement but the improved plaque reduction virus neutralization assay was faster, more suitable for high throughput testing, and 10-fold more sensitive than the conventional virus neutralization assay.
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Huisman W, Schrauwen EJA, Pas SD, Karlas JA, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME. Antibodies specific for hypervariable regions 3 to 5 of the feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein are not solely responsible for vaccine-induced acceleration of challenge infection in cats. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:1833-1841. [PMID: 15218167 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.79949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous vaccination study in cats, the authors reported on accelerated feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) replication upon challenge in animals vaccinated with a candidate envelope subunit vaccine. Plasma transfer studies as well as antibody profiles in vaccinated cats indicated a causative role for antibodies directed against the hypervariable regions HV3, HV4 and HV5 (HV3-5) of the envelope glycoprotein. The present study was designed to investigate further the contribution of antibodies in envelope vaccine-induced acceleration of FIV infection. To this end, regions HV3-5 of the envelope glycoprotein were deleted from the original vaccine, thus addressing the contributing role of antibodies directed against these hypervariable regions. Interestingly, this approach did not prevent acceleration of challenge infection. Analysis of the antibody responses in the respective groups suggested that removal of HV3-5 redirected the humoral immune response towards other regions of the envelope glycoprotein, indicating that these regions can also induce antibodies that accelerate virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Huisman
- Erasmus MC, Institute of Virology, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eefje J A Schrauwen
- Erasmus MC, Institute of Virology, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan D Pas
- Erasmus MC, Institute of Virology, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A Karlas
- Erasmus MC, Institute of Virology, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Erasmus MC, Institute of Virology, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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