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Chastant A, Atkinson E, Le M. A NEAR MISS IS AS GOOD AS A MILE: RECOGNIZING HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Duong S, Crowson CS, Athreya A, Atkinson E, Davis JM, Warrington KJ, Matteson E, Weinshilboum R, Wang L, Myasoedova E. POS0514 PREDICTION OF RESPONSE TO METHOTREXATE IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH USING CLINICAL TRIAL DATA. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundMethotrexate (MTX) is the preferred initial disease-modifying drug (DMARD) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, up to 50% of patients respond inadequately to MTX (1). Clinically useful predictors that effectively identify patients with RA who are likely to respond to MTX are lacking. Whether machine learning (ML) can provide robust and clinically useful prediction of response to MTX monotherapy in the first months of treatment in patients with early RA using uniformly collected baseline demographics and clinical data has not been investigated in large patient populations.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify clinical predictors of response to MTX as the first DMARD among patients with RA using ML methods.MethodsRandomized clinical trials (RCT) of patients with RA who were DMARD-naïve and randomized to placebo plus MTX were identified and accessed through the Clinical Study Data Request Consortium and Vivli Center for Global Clinical Research Data. Studies with available Disease Activity Score with 28-joint count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks were included. Latent class modeling of MTX response was performed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest were used to identify predictors of response.ResultsA total of 775 patients from 4 RCTs were included (mean age 50 years, 80% female). Two distinct classes of patients were identified based on DAS28-ESR change over 24 weeks: “good responders” and “poor responders” to MTX treatment (Figure 1). Baseline DAS28-ESR, anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) score were the top predictors of good response to MTX using LASSO (Area Under the Curve [AUC] 0.79) and Random Forest models (AUC 0.68) in the external validation set. DAS28-ESR≤7.4, ACPA positive and HAQ≤2 provided the highest likelihood of response (Table 1). Among patients with 12-week DAS28-ESR>3.2, at least 1 point improvement in DAS28-ESR baseline-to-12-week was predictive of achieving DAS28-ESR≤3.2 at 24 weeks.Table 1.Matrix prediction model: Probability of achieving a good response to methotrexate at 24 weeksDAS28ESR≤7.480.1 (76.4, 83.8)77.3 (70.6, 84)PositiveACPA Status77.1 (68.6, 85.6)74.1 (63.3, 84.9)Negative>7.440.3 (32.1, 48.5)36.5 (29.3, 43.6)Positive36.2 (23.3, 49.1)32.5 (20.9, 44.1)Negative≤2>2HAQFootnote: The number in each cell represents the percentage and 95% CI of achieving the outcome, based on the combination of predictors at baseline. DAS28-ESR: Disease Activity Score with 28-joint count with erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HAQ: Health assessment questionnaire score; ACPA: Anti-citrullinated protein antibody.Figure 1.Two patient class trajectories identified with latent class modeling of DAS28-ESR (N=775)ConclusionWe have developed and externally validated a prediction model for response to MTX within 24 weeks in DMARD-naïve patients with RA, providing variably weighted clinical features and defined cut-offs for clinical decision-making. Trajectory of DAS28-ESR change over 24 weeks in patients with moderate-to-high RA disease activity at baseline who are starting MTX can be predicted by baseline DAS28-ESR, ACPA status and HAQ-score. Patients with at least 1 unit decline in DAS28-ESR within the first 12 weeks of treatment who have not achieved low disease activity by week 12, may be more likely to achieve low disease activity at 24 weeks. These parameters should be considered as part of the clinical decision-making process when initiating MTX in DMARD-naïve patients with RA.References[1]Aletaha D, Smolen JS. Effectiveness profiles and dose dependent retention of traditional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. An observational study. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(8):1631-8.AcknowledgementsThis abstract is based on research using data from data contributors UCB and Roche that has been made available through Vivli, Inc. Vivli has not contributed to or approved, and is not in any way responsible for, the contents of this publication.Disclosure of InterestsStephanie Duong: None declared, Cynthia S. Crowson: None declared, Arjun Athreya: None declared, Elizabeth Atkinson: None declared, John M Davis III Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Kenneth J Warrington Speakers bureau: Chemocentryx, Consultant of: Roche/Genentech, Eric Matteson: None declared, Richard Weinshilboum Shareholder of: OneOme, Liewei Wang Shareholder of: OneOme, Elena Myasoedova: None declared.
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Fox B, Roberts G, Atkinson E, Rigsby P, Ball C. International collaborative study to evaluate and calibrate two recombinant L chain Ferritin preparations for use as a WHO International Standard. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:370-378. [PMID: 34939377 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and calibrate two candidate preparations for the 4th International Standard for Ferritin (Human, Recombinant) (codes: 19/118 and 19/162) against the 3rd International Standard for Ferritin (Human, Recombinant) (code: 94/572), and three serum commutability samples in an international collaborative study involving 12 laboratories in nine countries. METHODS Eleven of the 12 participating laboratories performed Ferritin quantitation using automated assay platforms and one laboratory used a manual ELISA kit. RESULTS There was better overall agreement between all laboratories and between assay methods for the potency of preparation 19/118 than for preparation 19/162. The overall geometric mean potency (from all methods) of the candidate 4th International Standard, 19/118, was 10.5 µg/ampoule, with inter-laboratory variability, expressed as % geometric coefficient of variation (GCV), of 4.7%. Accelerated stability studies have predicted both 19/118 and 19/162 to be very stable for long term storage at -20 °C. CONCLUSIONS The candidate 4th International Standard for Ferritin (Human, Recombinant) (19/118) has been shown to be immunologically similar to the 3rd International Standard for Ferritin (Human, Recombinant) (94/572). It was recommended to and accepted by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization that 19/118 be established as the 4th International Standard for Ferritin (Human, Recombinant) with an assigned potency of 10.5 µg/ampoule and expanded uncertainty limits 10.2-10.8 µg/ampoule (95% confidence; k=2.23).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fox
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Graham Roberts
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Division of Analytical and Biological Sciences, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Division of Analytical and Biological Sciences, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Christina Ball
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
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Jia H, Harikumar P, Atkinson E, Rigsby P, Wadhwa M. The First WHO International Standard for Harmonizing the Biological Activity of Bevacizumab. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111610. [PMID: 34827607 PMCID: PMC8615914 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several Bevacizumab products are approved for clinical use, with many others in late-stage clinical development worldwide. To aid the harmonization of potency assessment across different Bevacizumab products, the first World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard (IS) for Bevacizumab has been developed. Two preparations of a Bevacizumab candidate and comparator were assessed for their ability to neutralize and bind vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using different bioassays and binding assays in an international collaborative study. Relative potency estimates were similar across different assays for the comparator or the duplicate-coded candidate sample. Variability in relative potency estimates was reduced when the candidate standard was used for calculation compared with various in-house reference standards, enabling harmonization in bioactivity evaluations. The results demonstrated that the candidate standard is suitable to serve as an IS for Bevacizumab, with assigned unitages for VEGF neutralization and VEGF binding activity. This standard coded 18/210 was established by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization, which is intended to support the calibration of secondary standards for product development and lifecycle management. The availability of IS 18/210 will help facilitate the global harmonization of potency evaluation to ensure patient access to Bevacizumab products with consistent safety, quality and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jia
- Division of Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK; (P.H.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1707-641413
| | - Parvathy Harikumar
- Division of Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK; (P.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Division of Technology Development and Infrastructure, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK; (E.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Division of Technology Development and Infrastructure, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK; (E.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Meenu Wadhwa
- Division of Biotherapeutics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK; (P.H.); (M.W.)
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Wadhwa M, Bird C, Atkinson E, Cludts I, Rigsby P. The First WHO International Standard for Adalimumab: Dual Role in Bioactivity and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636420. [PMID: 33936049 PMCID: PMC8082443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanded availability of adalimumab products continues to widen patient access and reduce costs with substantial benefit to healthcare systems. However, the long-term success of these medicines is highly dependent on maintaining consistency in quality, safety and efficacy while minimizing any risk of divergence during life-cycle management. In recognition of this need and demand from global manufacturers, the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Biological standardization established the WHO 1st International standard (IS) for Adalimumab (coded 17/236) in October 2019 with a defined unitage ascribed to each of the individual bioactivities evaluated in the study namely, TNF-α binding, TNF-α neutralization, complement dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. For development of the IS, two candidate standards were manufactured as per WHO recommendations. Analysis of extensive datasets generated by testing of a common set of samples including the candidate standards by multiple stakeholders including regulatory agencies using their own qualified assays in a large international collaborative study showed comparable biological activity for the tested candidates for the different activities. Use of a common standard significantly decreased the variability of bioassays and improved agreement in potency estimates. Data from this study clearly supports the utility of the IS as an important tool for assuring analytical assay performance, for bioassay calibration and validation, for identifying and controlling changes in bioactivity during life-cycle management and for global harmonization of adalimumab products. In addition, in a separate multi-center study which included involvement of hospital and clinical diagnostic laboratories, the suitability of the adalimumab IS for therapeutic drug monitoring assays was examined by analysis of data from testing of a common blind coded panel of adalimumab spiked serum samples representative of the clinical scenario along with the IS and in-house standards in diverse immunoassays/platforms. Both commercially available and in-house assays that are routinely used for assessing adalimumab trough levels were included. Excellent agreement in estimates for adalimumab content in the spiked samples was observed regardless of the standard or the method with inter-laboratory variability also similar regardless of the standard employed. This data, for the first time, provides support for the extended applicability of the IS in assays in use for therapeutic drug monitoring based on the mass content of the IS. The adalimumab IS, in fulfilling clinical demand, can help toward standardizing and harmonizing clinical monitoring assays for informed clinical decisions and/or personalized treatment strategies for better patient outcomes. Collectively, a significant role for the adalimumab IS in assuring the quality, safety and efficacy of adalimumab products globally is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Wadhwa
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Bird
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Cludts
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
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Carreño JM, McDonald JU, Hurst T, Rigsby P, Atkinson E, Charles L, Nachbagauer R, Behzadi MA, Strohmeier S, Coughlan L, Aydillo T, Brandenburg B, García-Sastre A, Kaszas K, Levine MZ, Manenti A, McDermott AB, Montomoli E, Muchene L, Narpala SR, Perera RAPM, Salisch NC, Valkenburg SA, Zhou F, Engelhardt OG, Krammer F. Development and Assessment of a Pooled Serum as Candidate Standard to Measure Influenza A Virus Group 1 Hemagglutinin Stalk-Reactive Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040666. [PMID: 33182279 PMCID: PMC7712758 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stalk domain of the hemagglutinin has been identified as a target for induction of protective antibody responses due to its high degree of conservation among numerous influenza subtypes and strains. However, current assays to measure stalk-based immunity are not standardized. Hence, harmonization of assay readouts would help to compare experiments conducted in different laboratories and increase confidence in results. Here, serum samples from healthy individuals (n = 110) were screened using a chimeric cH6/1 hemagglutinin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that measures stalk-reactive antibodies. We identified samples with moderate to high IgG anti-stalk antibody levels. Likewise, screening of the samples using the mini-hemagglutinin (HA) headless construct #4900 and analysis of the correlation between the two assays confirmed the presence and specificity of anti-stalk antibodies. Additionally, samples were characterized by a cH6/1N5 virus-based neutralization assay, an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay, and competition ELISAs, using the stalk-reactive monoclonal antibodies KB2 (mouse) and CR9114 (human). A “pooled serum” (PS) consisting of a mixture of selected serum samples was generated. The PS exhibited high levels of stalk-reactive antibodies, had a cH6/1N5-based neutralization titer of 320, and contained high levels of stalk-specific antibodies with ADCC activity. The PS, along with blinded samples of varying anti-stalk antibody titers, was distributed to multiple collaborators worldwide in a pilot collaborative study. The samples were subjected to different assays available in the different laboratories, to measure either binding or functional properties of the stalk-reactive antibodies contained in the serum. Results from binding and neutralization assays were analyzed to determine whether use of the PS as a standard could lead to better agreement between laboratories. The work presented here points the way towards the development of a serum standard for antibodies to the HA stalk domain of phylogenetic group 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.C.); (R.N.); (M.A.B.); (S.S.); (L.C.); (T.A.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Jacqueline U. McDonald
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (J.U.M.); (T.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Tara Hurst
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (J.U.M.); (T.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Division of Analytical and Biological Sciences, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (P.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Division of Analytical and Biological Sciences, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (P.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Lethia Charles
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (J.U.M.); (T.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.C.); (R.N.); (M.A.B.); (S.S.); (L.C.); (T.A.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Mohammad Amin Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.C.); (R.N.); (M.A.B.); (S.S.); (L.C.); (T.A.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.C.); (R.N.); (M.A.B.); (S.S.); (L.C.); (T.A.); (A.G.-S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.C.); (R.N.); (M.A.B.); (S.S.); (L.C.); (T.A.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Teresa Aydillo
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.C.); (R.N.); (M.A.B.); (S.S.); (L.C.); (T.A.); (A.G.-S.)
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Boerries Brandenburg
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 CP Leiden, The Netherlands; (B.B.); (K.K.); (L.M.); (N.C.S.)
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.C.); (R.N.); (M.A.B.); (S.S.); (L.C.); (T.A.); (A.G.-S.)
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Krisztian Kaszas
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 CP Leiden, The Netherlands; (B.B.); (K.K.); (L.M.); (N.C.S.)
| | - Min Z. Levine
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
| | | | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Immunology Program (VIP), Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.B.M.); (S.R.N.)
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Leacky Muchene
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 CP Leiden, The Netherlands; (B.B.); (K.K.); (L.M.); (N.C.S.)
| | - Sandeep R. Narpala
- Vaccine Immunology Program (VIP), Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.B.M.); (S.R.N.)
| | - Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.A.P.M.P.); (S.A.V.)
| | - Nadine C. Salisch
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 CP Leiden, The Netherlands; (B.B.); (K.K.); (L.M.); (N.C.S.)
| | - Sophie A. Valkenburg
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (R.A.P.M.P.); (S.A.V.)
| | - Fan Zhou
- Influenza Center, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- K.G. Jebsen Center for influenza vaccines, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Othmar G. Engelhardt
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (J.U.M.); (T.H.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (O.G.E.); (F.K.)
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.C.); (R.N.); (M.A.B.); (S.S.); (L.C.); (T.A.); (A.G.-S.)
- Correspondence: (O.G.E.); (F.K.)
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Devlin V, Sutherland A, Atkinson E, Wild L. M055 INTRAOPERATIVE ANAPHYLAXIS: AN UNEXPECTED REACTION TO KETAMINE. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lucchetta R, Atkinson E, Rosim M, Okumura L, Pedro G, Nita M, Riveros B. CM2 REMOTE MONITORING AFTER THE IMPLANTATION OF A CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Value Health Reg Issues 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ferguson J, Patel D, Atkinson E, Rigsby P, Burns C. Continued provision of WHO International Standards for total and free PSA: Content and commutability of replacement preparations. Clin Biochem 2019; 71:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fox B, Sharp G, Atkinson E, Roberts G, Rigsby P, Studholme L. The third international standard for anti-D immunoglobulin: international collaborative study to evaluate candidate preparations. Vox Sang 2019; 114:740-748. [PMID: 31321786 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate a lyophilized anti-D immunoglobulin preparation to serve as a replacement WHO International Standard for the calibration of potency assays of anti-D immunoglobulin products. Such products are used to prevent haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn due to maternal alloanti-D. MATERIALS AND METHODS The candidate 3rd International Standard for anti-D immunoglobulin (16/332) was evaluated and calibrated against the 2nd International Standard for anti-D immunoglobulin (01/572), along with a coded duplicate, a second candidate preparation (16/278) and a comparability sample (16/272) in an international collaborative study. Twenty of 21 laboratories in 15 countries performed one or more of the three European Pharmacopoeia reference methods. RESULTS The overall geometric mean potency (from all methods) of the candidate 3rd International Standard, 16/332, was 296·6 IU/ampoule, with inter-laboratory variability, expressed as % GCV, of 4·7%. SE-HPLC of the immunoglobulin preparations demonstrated combined monomeric and dimeric IgG peak areas of >95% for all samples. Accelerated stability studies have shown both 16/332 and 16/278 to be very stable for long-term storage at -20°C. CONCLUSIONS Preparation 16/332 was established by the World Health Organisation Expert Committee on Biological Standardization as the 3rd International Standard for anti-D immunoglobulin with an assigned potency of 297 IU/ampoule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fox
- Biotherapeutics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Giles Sharp
- Biotherapeutics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Division of Analytical & Biological Sciences, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Graham Roberts
- Biotherapeutics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Division of Analytical & Biological Sciences, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Lucy Studholme
- Biotherapeutics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
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Crawt L, Atkinson E, Tedcastle A, Pegg E, Dobly A, Wei C, Lei S, Ling P, Li C, Zheng J, Wang Y, Liqun H, Jorajuria S, Cozic G, Ugiyadi D, Kurniati N, Ochiai S, Miyazawa M, Someya Y, Nishihama T, Masafumi M, Westdijk J, Crowe S, Graaf MD, Kouiavskaia D, Chumakov K, Minor P, Cooper G, Rigsby P, Martin J. Differences in Antigenic Structure of Inactivated Polio Vaccines Made From Sabin Live-Attenuated and Wild-Type Poliovirus Strains: Impact on Vaccine Potency Assays. J Infect Dis 2019; 221:544-552. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Crawt
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Division of Biostatistics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Tedcastle
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Pegg
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Minor
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Cooper
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Division of Biostatistics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Martin
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, United Kingdom
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Saraiva L, Wang L, Kammel M, Kummrow A, Atkinson E, Lee JY, Yalcinkaya B, Akgöz M, Höckner J, Ruf A, Engel A, Zhang YZ, O'Shea O, Sassi MP, Divieto C, Lekishvili T, Campbell J, Liu Y, Wang J, Stebbings R, Gaigalas AK, Rigsby P, Neukammer J, Vessillier S. Comparison of Volumetric and Bead-Based Counting of CD34 Cells by Single-Platform Flow Cytometry. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2019; 96:508-513. [PMID: 30790450 PMCID: PMC6899615 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Over 2,000 people a year in the United Kingdom need a bone marrow or blood stem cell transplant. It is important to accurately quantify the hematopoietic stem cells to predict whether the transplant will be successful in replenishing the immune system. However, they are present at low frequency, which complicates accurate quantification. The current gold standard method is single‐platform flow cytometry using internal reference counting beads to determine the concentration of CD34 cells. However, volumetric flow cytometers have the ability to measure the acquisition volume, which removes the need for reference beads for calculation of cell concentrations. Method In this study, we compared both methods for calculating CD34 cell concentrations in volumetric cytometers, using either the volume reading or the number of reference beads for calculation. In addition, the uncertainty of measurement for each method was estimated. Results The results show that both methods have similar uncertainties of measurement. Regression analysis showed low to no statistical difference in CD34 cell concentrations obtained with each method. Conclusions Overall, this study suggests that the volumetric method is a valid approach but that the adoption of this technology may be hindered without some form of external calibration of volume readings to increase confidence in the measurement. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Saraiva
- Biotherapeutics group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Lili Wang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States of America
| | - Martin Kammel
- Division of Medical Physics and Metrological Information Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, 10587, Germany
| | - Andreas Kummrow
- Division of Medical Physics and Metrological Information Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, 10587, Germany
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Biostatistics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Center of Length, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Muslum Akgöz
- TUBITAK UME (National Metrology Institute of Turkey), Gebze, Turkey
| | - Jana Höckner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ruf
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Academic Hospital of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Engel
- Becton Dickinson, BD Life Sciences, Tullastrasse 8-12, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Protein and Cell Analysis, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Carla Divieto
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino TO, Italy
| | - Tamara Lekishvili
- Health Science & Innovation. LGC Ltd. Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TN11 0LY, UK
| | - Jonathan Campbell
- Health Science & Innovation. LGC Ltd. Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TN11 0LY, UK
| | - Yingying Liu
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), Beijing Shi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Institute of Metrology (NIM), Beijing Shi, China
| | - Richard Stebbings
- Biotherapeutics group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Adolfas K Gaigalas
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States of America
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Biostatistics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Jörg Neukammer
- Division of Medical Physics and Metrological Information Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, 10587, Germany
| | - Sandrine Vessillier
- Biotherapeutics group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
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Finley A, Wild L, Atkinson E. SEVERE ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION TO ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY WHILE ON A BETA-BLOCKER AND SUCCESSFUL RESUMPTION OF IMMUNOTHERAPY. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Rijpkema S, Hockley J, Logan A, Rigsby P, Atkinson E, Jin C, Goldblatt D, Liang H, Bachtiar NS, Yang JS, Goel A, Ramasamy V, Pasetti MF, Pollard AJ. Establishment of the first International Standard for human anti-typhoid capsular Vi polysaccharide IgG. Biologicals 2018; 56:29-38. [PMID: 30201529 PMCID: PMC6238147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vi capsular polysaccharide (Vi) conjugate vaccines, which can prevent typhoid in infants and young children, are being developed. Comparative immunogenicity studies are facilitated by an International Standard (IS) for human anti-Vi IgG. 16/138, a pool of sera from volunteers which received either Vi conjugate vaccine or plain Vi vaccine, was assessed as an IS alongside U.S. reference reagent Vi-IgGR1, 2011. Samples were tested in a commercial ELISA (n = 7), a standardised ELISA based on biotinylated Vi (n = 7) and in-house ELISAs (n = 7). Valid estimates were obtained for the potency of all samples in the commercial ELISA, and the commutability of 16/138 and Vi-IgGR1, 2011 was evident for the commercial ELISA and in-house ELISAs based on a coating of Vi and protein. The WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization established 16/138 as the first IS for anti-Vi IgG with 100 IU per ampoule and assigned 163 IU per vial of Vi-IgGR1, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Rijpkema
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Jason Hockley
- Biostatistics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Logan
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Biostatistics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Biostatistics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Celina Jin
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldblatt
- University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haoyu Liang
- Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, No.2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Novilia S Bachtiar
- Clinical Trial Department, Surveillance & Clinical Trial Division, Bio Farma, Jl.Pasteur No.28, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Jae Seung Yang
- Clinical Immunology, International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Kwanak-Ro, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Akshay Goel
- R&D, Biological E. Ltd, MN Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Venkatesan Ramasamy
- Quality Operations, Bharat Biotech International Ltd, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland Baltimore, 685 West Baltimore Street, Room 480, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Rijpkema S, Hockley J, Logan A, Rigsby P, Atkinson E, Jin C, Liang H, Bachtiar NS, Yang JS, Goel A, Ramasamy V, Pasetti MF. WITHDRAWN: Establishment of the first International Standard for human anti-typhoid capsular Vi polysaccharide IgG. Biologicals 2018:S1045-1056(18)30165-9. [PMID: 29941335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Rijpkema
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Jason Hockley
- Biostatistics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Logan
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Biostatistics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Biostatistics Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Celina Jin
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Haoyu Liang
- Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, No.2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Novilia S Bachtiar
- Clinical Trial Department, Surveillance & Clinical Trial Division, Bio Farma, Jl.Pasteur No.28, Bandung Indonesia
| | - Jae Seung Yang
- Clinical Immunology, International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, 1 Kwanak-Ro, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Akshay Goel
- R&D, Biological E. Ltd, MN Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Venkatesan Ramasamy
- Quality Operations, Bharat Biotech International Ltd, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland Baltimore, 685 West Baltimore Street, Room 480, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Atkinson E, Bakri M, Hayat A, Langabeer SE. Anagrelide and the CALR mutation allele burden in essential thrombocythemia. Exp Oncol 2018; 40:152-153. [PMID: 29949532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Atkinson
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 E9P6, Ireland
| | - M Bakri
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, Galway H91 YR71, Ireland
| | - A Hayat
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, Galway H91 YR71, Ireland
| | - S E Langabeer
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 E9P6, Ireland
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17
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Halland M, Almazar A, Lee R, Atkinson E, Larson J, Talley NJ, Saito YA. A case-control study of childhood trauma in the development of irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:990-8. [PMID: 24813232 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not been fully elucidated, but childhood trauma may disturb the brain-gut axis and therefore be important. Thus, we conducted a family based case-control study of IBS cases and their relatives with the aims to (i) determine the frequency of childhood trauma among IBS cases and controls as well as their relatives, and (ii) assess childhood trauma among IBS cases with affected relatives (familial IBS). METHODS Outpatients with IBS, matched controls, and their first-degree relatives completed a self-report version of Bremner' Early Trauma Inventory. Percent of cases and controls with a family history were compared and odds ratios were computed using chi-squared test; recurrence risks to relatives were computed using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations. KEY RESULTS Data were collected from 409 cases, 415 controls, 825 case relatives, and 921 control relatives. IBS cases had a median age of 50 and 83% were women. Of IBS cases, 74% had experienced any general trauma compared to 59% among controls, yielding an odds ratio of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.13-2.15, p < 0.008). There were no statistical differences between IBS relatives and control relatives with regards to lifetime trauma. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES IBS is associated with childhood trauma, and these traumas often occur prior to onset of IBS symptoms. This provides further insight into how traumatic childhood events are associated with development of adult IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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18
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Atkinson E, George SM, Shafiq A, Clark JE, Ogjnanovic M, Berrington JE. Two high pressure conundrums and a possible congenital link. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2011; 96:210-5. [PMID: 20961865 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2010.184440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Atkinson
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Atkinson E, Bennett MJ, Dudley J, Grover S, Matthews K, Moore P, Quinlivan J, Walters T. Consensus statement: The management of congenital genital tract anomalies in women. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 43:107-8. [PMID: 14712962 DOI: 10.1046/j.0004-8666.2003.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Atkinson
- School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, c/o Royal Hospital For Women, Barker Street, Randwick New South Wales 2031, Australia
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20
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Atkinson E, Bennett MJ, Dudley J, Grover S, Matthews K, Moore P, Quinlivan J, Walters T. Consensus statement: Menstrual and contraceptive management in women with an intellectual disability. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 43:109-10. [PMID: 14712963 DOI: 10.1046/j.0004-8666.2003.00046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Atkinson
- School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, C/o Royal Hospital For Women, Barker Street, Randwick New South Wales 2031, Australia
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21
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Macaulay C, Richards-Kortum R, Utzinger U, Fedyk A, Atkinson E, Cox D, Follen M. Variation of fluorescence spectroscopy during the menstrual cycle. Opt Express 2002; 10:493-504. [PMID: 19436387 DOI: 10.1364/oe.10.000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cervical autofluorescence has been demonstrated to have potential for real-time diagnosis. Inter-patient and intra-patient variations in fluorescence intensity have been measured. Inter-patient measurements may vary by a factor of ten, while intra-patient measurements may vary by a factor of two. Age and menopausal status have been demonstrated to account for some of the variations, while race and smoking have not. In order to explore in detail the role of the menstrual cycle in intra-patient variation, a study was designed to measure fluorescence excitation emission matrices (EEMs) in patients daily throughout one cycle. Ten patients with a history of normal menstrual cycles and normal Papanicolaou smears underwent daily measurements of fluorescence EEMs from three colposcopically normal sites throughout one menstrual cycle. Changes in signals from porphyrin, NADH, and FAD fluorescence and blood absorption were noted when the data was viewed in a graphical format. Visually interpreted features of the EEMs in this graphical format did not appear to correlate with the day of the menstrual cycle with the exception that blood absorption features were more prominent during the menstrual phase (during which bleeding occurs), suggesting that measurements during the menstrual phase should be avoided. Variations in cycle date likely do not account for inter- or intra-patient variations.
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Weinshenker BG, Hebrink D, Kantarci OH, Schaefer-Klein J, Atkinson E, Schaid D, McMurray CM. Genetic variation in the transforming growth factor beta1 gene in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 120:138-45. [PMID: 11694328 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) is a Th2 cytokine encoded on chromosome 19q13, a region possibly linked to multiple sclerosis (MS). TGFbeta1 exerts favorable effects on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. We performed a comprehensive search for genetic variants in this gene in 122 population-based sporadic cases of MS. We detected six variants, including three missense variants. We tested for association of the variants with susceptibility and course of MS and for linkage and transmission disequilibrium in a family series consisting of 395 samples in 59 pedigrees. Genetic variation in TGFB1 does not appear to contribute in a major way to susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Weinshenker
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Weinshenker
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Scolapio JS, Bowen J, Lukens FJ, Ukleja A, Atkinson E. Influence of tacrolimus and prednisone on serum lipids after liver transplantation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2001; 25:148-51. [PMID: 11334064 DOI: 10.1177/0148607101025003148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia after orthotopic liver transplant is thought to be the result of the immunosuppression therapy given postoperatively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum lipid levels pretransplant, 4 months, and 12 months posttransplant. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 50 patients after liver transplantation was completed. Pretransplant serum lipid levels (triglyceride, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein [HDL]) were compared with values at 4 months and 12 months posttransplantation. Pretransplant serum lipid levels were compared using one factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) model. Values between the viral, alcohol, and cholestatic groups were compared using two-factor ANOVA model. RESULTS Of the 50 patients (22 females, 28 males) with a mean age of 52 years (range, 16 to 69 years), all 50 had completed their 12-month follow-up at the time of this study. The etiology of liver disease included: viral hepatitis (21), alcohol (8), primary biliary cirrhosis and sclerosing cholangitis (7), and others (14). The protocol for immunosuppression included tacrolimus and prednisone. Mean serum triglyceride levels included: 134 mg/dL pretransplant, 155 mg/dL at 4 months, and 169 mg/dL at 12 months posttransplant (p = .117). Mean total serum cholesterol levels included: 174 mg/dL pretransplant, 165 mg/dL at 4 months, and 163 mg/dL at 12 months posttransplant (p = .654). Mean HDL levels included: 39 mg/dL pretransplant, 45 mg/dL at 4 months and 44 mg/dL at 12 months posttransplant (p = .032). There was not a significant difference in serum lipids between the different categories of liver diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although a significant positive effect was observed with HDL, the present data show that total serum cholesterol and triglyceride did not change significantly over time after orthotopic transplantation. This is most likely related to the type of immunosuppressive therapy given posthepatic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Scolapio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.
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Abstract
A 12-year-old girl had cruciate incision of imperforate hymen draining a large mucocolpos. Her symptoms did not abate thereafter, and 3 months later a transverse vaginal septum was diagnosed. This was perforated and dilated under ultrasound (US) guidance draining a large hematocolpos. Results of examination under anesthesia after 3 months was satisfactory, and she has had normal periods in follow-up for 9 months. Imperforate hymen and transverse vaginal septum are known causes of mucocolpos and hematocolpos. However, the concurrent occurrence of the two abnormalities is unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Weinshenker BG, Hebrink D, Wingerchuk DM, Klein CJ, Atkinson E, O'Brien PC, McMurray CT. Genetic variants in the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 gene in patients with MS. Neurology 1999; 52:1500-3. [PMID: 10227645 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.52.7.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We scanned for all genetic variants in functionally important regions of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 gene (TNF-R1) in 100 to 111 MS patients from Olmsted County, MN, and analyzed selected variants for an association with disease course and severity. Ten genetic variants were uncovered. Only one variant, a silent substitution, was found in coding sequence. One intronic variant may generate a novel splice-junction sequence. We did not find an association between either this intronic variant or another common promoter variant and the course or severity of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Weinshenker
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Schönbeck U, Mach F, Sukhova GK, Atkinson E, Levesque E, Herman M, Graber P, Basset P, Libby P. Expression of stromelysin-3 in atherosclerotic lesions: regulation via CD40-CD40 ligand signaling in vitro and in vivo. J Exp Med 1999; 189:843-53. [PMID: 10049948 PMCID: PMC2192948 DOI: 10.1084/jem.189.5.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromelysin-3 is an unusual matrix metalloproteinase, being released in the active rather than zymogen form and having a distinct substrate specificity, targeting serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), which regulate cellular functions involved in atherosclerosis. We report here that human atherosclerotic plaques (n = 7) express stromelysin-3 in situ, whereas fatty streaks (n = 5) and normal arterial specimens (n = 5) contain little or no stromelysin-3. Stromelysin-3 mRNA and protein colocalized with endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages within the lesion. In vitro, usual inducers of matrix metalloproteinases such as interleukin-1, interferon-gamma, or tumor necrosis factor alpha did not augment stromelysin-3 in vascular wall cells. However, T cell-derived as well as recombinant CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154), an inflammatory mediator recently localized in atheroma, induced de novo synthesis of stromelysin-3. In addition, stromelysin-3 mRNA and protein colocalized with CD40L and CD40 within atheroma. In accordance with the in situ and in vitro data obtained with human material, interruption of the CD40-CD40L signaling pathway in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient hyperlipidemic mice substantially decreased expression of the enzyme within atherosclerotic plaques. These observations establish the expression of the unusual matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-3 in human atherosclerotic lesions and implicate CD40-CD40L signaling in its regulation, thus providing a possible new pathway that triggers complications within atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schönbeck
- Vascular Medicine and Atherosclerosis Unit, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Sneige N, Lagios MD, Schwarting R, Colburn W, Atkinson E, Weber D, Sahin A, Kemp B, Hoque A, Risin S, Sabichi A, Boone C, Dhingra K, Kelloff G, Lippman S. Interobserver reproducibility of the Lagios nuclear grading system for ductal carcinoma in situ. Hum Pathol 1999; 30:257-62. [PMID: 10088542 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown an association between high nuclear grade or necrosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions and the risk of local disease recurrence in patients with DCIS treated surgically with less than mastectomy. Although criteria for separating low from high nuclear grade lesions have been published, no information exists regarding interobserver reproducibility (IR). To assess IR in the classification of DCIS, six surgical pathologists from four institutions used the Lagios grading system to grade 125 DCIS lesions. Before meeting to evaluate the cases, a training set of 12 glass slides, including cases chosen to present conflicting cues for classification, was mailed to the participants with a written criteria summary. This was followed by a working session in which criteria were reviewed and agreed on. The pathologists then graded the lesions independently. The area of interest was marked on each slide before grading. After initial grading, the pathologists met again to resolve discrepant lesion classifications. A complete agreement among raters was achieved in 43 (35%) cases, with five of six raters agreeing in another 45 (36%) cases. In no case did two raters differ by more than one grade. The pairwise kappa agreement values ranged from fair to substantial (0.30 to 0.61). Generalized kappa value indicated moderate agreement (0.46, standard error = 0.02). Kappa statistics for the distinction between grades 1 and 2 and 2 and 3 were 0.29 and 0.48, respectively, (standard error = 0.02). Only one of the six raters differed significantly in scoring. With adherence to specific criteria, IR in the classification of DCIS cases can be obtained in most cases. Although these pathologists made a few grading system modifications, further refinements are needed, especially if grading will influence future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sneige
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Mach F, Schönbeck U, Fabunmi RP, Murphy C, Atkinson E, Bonnefoy JY, Graber P, Libby P. T lymphocytes induce endothelial cell matrix metalloproteinase expression by a CD40L-dependent mechanism: implications for tubule formation. Am J Pathol 1999; 154:229-38. [PMID: 9916937 PMCID: PMC1853443 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/1998] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neovascularization frequently accompanies chronic immune responses characterized by T cell infiltration and activation. Angiogenesis requires endothelial cells (ECs) to penetrate extracellular matrix, a process that involves matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We report here that activated human T cells mediate contact-dependent expression of MMPs in ECs through CD40/CD40 ligand signaling. Ligation of CD40 on ECs induced de novo expression of gelatinase B (MMP-9), increased interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) and stromelysin (MMP-3), and activated gelatinase A (MMP-2). Recombinant human CD40L induced expression of MMPs by human vascular ECs to a greater extent than did maximally effective concentrations of interleukin-1beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Moreover, activation of human vascular ECs through CD40 induced tube formation in a three-dimensional fibrin matrix gel assay, an effect antagonized by a MMP inhibitor. These results demonstrated that activation of ECs by interaction with T cells induced synthesis and release of MMPs and promoted an angiogenic function of ECs via CD40L-CD40 signaling. As vascular cells at the sites of chronic inflammation, such as atherosclerotic plaques, express CD40 and its ligand, our findings suggest that ligation of CD40 on ECs can mediate aspects of vascular remodeling and neovessel formation during atherogenesis and other chronic immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mach
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
Increasing amounts of evidence support the involvement of inflammation and immunity in atherogenesis, but mediators of communication between the major cell types in atherosclerotic plaques are poorly defined. Cells in human atherosclerotic lesions express the immune mediator CD40 and its ligand CD40L (also known as CD154 or gp39). The interaction of CD40 with CD40L figures prominently in both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. CD40L-positive T cells accumulate in atheroma, and, by virtue of their early appearance, persistence and localization at sites of lesion growth and complication, activated T cells may coordinate important aspects of atherogenesis. Interruption of CD40L-CD40 signalling by administration of an anti-CD40L antibody limits experimental autoimmune diseases such as collagen-induced arthritis, lupus nephritis, acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease, multiple sclerosis and thyroiditis. Ligation of CD40 on atheroma-associated cells in vitro activates functions related to atherogenesis, including induction of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules and tissue factor. However, the role of CD40 signalling in atherogenesis in vivo remains unknown. Here we determine whether interruption of CD40 signalling influences atherogenesis in vivo in hyperlipidaemic mice. Treatment with antibody against mouse CD40L limited atherosclerosis in mice lacking the receptor for low-density lipoprotein that had been fed a high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. This antibody reduces the size of aortic atherosclerotic lesions by 59% and their lipid content by 79%. Furthermore, atheroma of mice treated with anti-CD40L antibody contained significantly fewer macrophages (64%) and T lymphocytes (70%), and exhibited decreased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. These data support the involvement of inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis and indicate a role for CD40 signalling during atherogenesis in hyperlipidaemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mach
- Vascular Medicine and Atherosclerosis Unit, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Leibson CL, O'Brien PC, Atkinson E, Palumbo PJ, Melton LJ. Relative contributions of incidence and survival to increasing prevalence of adult-onset diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146:12-22. [PMID: 9215219 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This population-based retrospective study investigates temporal trends in adult-onset diabetes mellitus prevalence, incidence, and survival. The complete community-based medical records, including laboratory results, of all Rochester, Minnesota, residents with a clinical diagnosis of diabetes or diabetes-like condition were reviewed to identify incidence cases aged 30 years or more from 1945 to 1989 (n = 1,847) and prevalence cases aged 45 years or more on January 1, 1970 (n = 465), January 1, 1980 (n = 689), or January 1, 1990 (n = 973). Glucose values and case definitions were standardized throughout. Observed 10-year survival for 1970 and 1980 prevalence cases was compared with that expected for Minnesota white populations in 1970 and 1980, respectively. Age-adjusted prevalence rose 65% for men and 37% for women between 1970 and 1990. There were marked differences among prevalence groups in treatment type, the proportion diagnosed using glucose tolerance tests, and the proportion categorized as obese. Relative survival for 1980 prevalence cases was not greater than that for 1970 prevalence cases. Age-adjusted incidence rates rose 47% for men and 26% for women between 1960 and 1965 and 1985 and 1989. These findings emphasize the need for heightened surveillance and intervention to reduce the burden of illness from adult-onset diabetes mellitus in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Leibson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Hampson IN, Hampson L, Pinkoski M, Cross M, Heyworth CM, Bleackley RC, Atkinson E, Dexter TM. Identification of a serpin specifically expressed in multipotent and bipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells and in activated T cells. Blood 1997; 89:108-18. [PMID: 8978283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified a gene that has a high level of mRNA expression in undifferentiated, multipotential hematopoietic cells (FDCP-Mix) and that downregulates both transcript and protein, as these cells are induced to differentiate into mature myeloid cells. Sequence analysis of this gene has identified it as a serine protease inhibitor EB22/3 (serpin 2A). Constitutive expression of serpin 2A in FDCP-Mix cells was associated with an increase in the clonogenic potential of the cells and with a delay in the appearance of fully mature cells in cultures undergoing granulocyte macrophage differentiation when compared with control cells. Serpin 2A was also found to be expressed in bone marrow-derived bipotent granulocyte macrophage progenitor cells (GM-colony forming cell [CFC]), but not in erythrocyte progenitor cells from day 15 fetal liver. Expression of serpin 2A also showed a marked up regulation during the activation of cytotoxic suppressor CD8+ T cells, with a clear lag between the appearance of transcript and detection of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Hampson
- CRC Department of Experimental Haematology, Paterson Institute of Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Sleep problems are a common concern of parents with toddlers. Various reasons have been put forward as to the possible causes and maintenance of sleep disruption. These have included neurophysical differences in the child, perinatal differences such as a long labour and depression and anxiety in the parents themselves resulting in adverse effects on the child's sleep patterns. However, recent research has indicated that a child's temperamental style may be a possible causal factor as to whether the child will present its parents with a sleep problem. This study, therefore, sets out to investigate the importance of temperament as a predictor of whether children may or may not have sleep problems. Environmental factors are controlled as far as possible by selecting toddlers with and without sleep problems from very similar environments. Case studies are also introduced to further illuminate other possible associated factors such as parental handling. The results from this study found significant differences in the temperament profiles of children with and without sleep problems. Children with reported sleep problems were more likely to obtain a 'intermediate high to difficult' profile. Various findings from a group of toddlers with and without sleep problems are discussed in this paper together with implications of the findings and recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Reading, UK
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Hotham N, Atkinson E. Catamenial epilepsy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1993; 33:449-50. [PMID: 8179572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1993.tb02139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Darney PD, Atkinson E, Tanner S, MacPherson S, Hellerstein S, Alvarado A. Acceptance and perceptions of NORPLANT among users in San Francisco, USA. Stud Fam Plann 1990; 21:152-60. [PMID: 2115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and five women participating in a five-year clinical trial of NORPLANT and NORPLANT-2 were interviewed about their contraceptive and reproductive history, sources of information and knowledge of NORPLANT, experiences using the method, and the impressions of friends and family about the method. The most common reasons for trying the implants were dissatisfaction with other methods and perceptions about NORPLANT's ease of use. Forty-one percent of acceptors had anxiety prior to insertion; 49 percent of these feared pain, but only 5 percent said that they actually experienced significant pain. Women also feared implant removal, but their fear did not influence their decision to continue or discontinue use, and 74 percent reported little or no pain at removal. Most of the women were pleased with NORPLANT, although 95 percent reported side effects, with 82 percent reporting changes in menstruation. More than one-half of those women who discontinued reported that they would use the implants again. Seventy-four percent of the current users interviewed said they would like to use the implants in the future. For the women enrolled in the clinical trial, NORPLANT appeared to be a highly acceptable method of contraception, despite the frequent occurrence of bothersome side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Darney
- University of California Family Planning Clinic, San Francisco General Hospital
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36
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Darney PD, Atkinson E, Hirabayashi K. Uterine perforation during second-trimester abortion by cervical dilation and instrumental extraction: a review of 15 cases. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75:441-4. [PMID: 2304715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Review of the records of 15 women who had uterine perforations at the time of second-trimester abortion by dilation and evacuation showed that unexpected pain (but not excessive bleeding) was the most prominent sign. All patients required laparotomy, but in no case was laparotomy necessary as an emergency procedure. Laparoscopy was not helpful. Two-thirds had bowel injuries and two required hysterectomy. Errors in estimating gestational duration, inadequate cervical dilation, and failure to use sonography characterized these complicated cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Darney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California
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37
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Stanford MR, Atkinson E, Kasp E, Dumonde DC. Modulation of experimental retinal vasculitis using dexamethasone, cyclosporin A, and prazosin. Eye (Lond) 1987; 1 ( Pt 5):626-31. [PMID: 3446545 DOI: 10.1038/eye.1987.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dexamethasone, cyclosporin A and prazosin were investigated in an animal model of retinal vasculitis. Both dexamethasone and cyclosporin A reduced the clinical and pathological signs of disease when given from the day of disease onset. Prazosin, an alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist, was given during the period of disease induction and blocked fluorescein leakage from actively inflamed retinal vessels, but had little effect on the clinical and pathological signs of disease. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using this animal model for therapeutic trials of anti-inflammatory agents in retinal vasculitis. The effect of prazosin on reducing vascular leakage from retinal vessels has implications for the treatment of inflammatory macula oedema in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Stanford
- Department of Immunology, Rayne Institute, UMDS, St Thomas' Campus, London
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38
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Sumarno M, Atkinson E, Suarna C, Saunders JK, Cole ER, Southwell-Keely PT. Solvent influence on model oxidations of alpha-tocopherol. Biochim Biophys Acta 1987; 920:247-50. [PMID: 3607079 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(87)90101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
(+/-)-alpha-Tocopherol has been oxidised with t-butyl hydroperoxide in chloroform in order to simulate in vivo oxidations due to lipid hydroperoxides. t-Butyl hydroperoxide proved to be a weak oxidant and failed to oxidise alpha-tocopherol in 3 h at 60 degrees C. Inclusion of a small amount of ethanol in the reaction mixture brought about immediate oxidation and the formation of a new product, 5-ethoxymethyl-7,8-dimethyltocol in addition to the spiro dimer and spiro trimer of alpha-tocopherol, alpha-tocopherylquinone and 5-formyl-7,8-dimethyltocol. Formation of 5-ethoxymethyl-7,8-dimethyltocol increased with increasing concentrations of ethanol, up to a maximum of 59% at 20% ethanol. Further increase in ethanol concentration brought about a decrease in the oxidation of alpha-tocopherol and in the formation of 5-ethoxymethyl-7,8-dimethyltocol. Oxidation of the tocopherol model compound 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-hydroxychroman under similar conditions produced the analogous product, 5-ethoxymethyl-2,2,7,8-tetramethyl-6-hydroxychroman together with 5-formyl-2,2,7,8-tetramethyl-6-hydroxychroman and 2-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutyl)-3,5,6-trimethylbenzo-1,4-quinone.
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Atkinson E. Dietary clinic televised 'live' for patients. Hospitals 1969; 43:92-3. [PMID: 5351377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- E Atkinson
- The Biochemical Laboratory, Chemical Department, University of Bristol
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Jordan EO, Howe JL, Stokes HN, Holden ES, Atkinson E, Pritchett HS. The Carnegie Institution. Science 1902; 16:580-8. [PMID: 17820853 DOI: 10.1126/science.16.406.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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44
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Atkinson E. Total Extirpation of the Prostate for Radical Cure of Enlargement of that Organ. West J Med 1901. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.2123.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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45
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Atkinson E. Air Moisteners. Public Health Pap Rep 1897; 23:179-182. [PMID: 19600755 PMCID: PMC2330004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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46
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Atkinson E. Remarks on Nerve-Grafting. West J Med 1890; 2:624-7. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.1550.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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47
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Atkinson E. The Art of Cooking. Public Health Pap Rep 1889; 15:151-169. [PMID: 19600348 PMCID: PMC2266262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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50
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