1
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Taylor LA, Mhizha-Murira JR, Law G, Evangelou N, das Nair R. Understanding who benefits most from cognitive rehabilitation for multiple sclerosis: A secondary data analysis. Mult Scler 2023; 29:1482-1492. [PMID: 37528618 PMCID: PMC10580675 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231189470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 70% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience cognitive difficulties. Cognitive rehabilitation is a type of therapy that helps manage cognitive problems. OBJECTIVE The Cognitive Rehabilitation for Attention and Memory in MS (CRAMMS) trial showed some evidence of effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in improving cognitive function, with some participants benefitting more than others. We therefore conducted a secondary analysis of the CRAMMS data to understand who benefits most. METHODS We grouped baseline data into four categories of possible predictors. We used regression models to identify specific factors/characteristics that could predict the likelihood that an individual will benefit from cognitive rehabilitation. RESULTS The models predicted whether a participant improved or did not improve in neuropsychological function following cognitive rehabilitation in up to 86% of participants. Results suggest that younger participants with medium to high education, diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) who have not experienced any recent relapses, with mild to moderate cognitive difficulties were most likely to benefit from cognitive rehabilitation. CONCLUSION We can predict which participants are most likely to demonstrate significant improvements in neuropsychological function following group-based cognitive rehabilitation. Clinically, this allows us to optimise limited neuropsychology resources by offering such cognitive rehabilitation to those most likely to benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- LA Taylor
- LA Taylor Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Unit, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, B Floor, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK.
| | - JR Mhizha-Murira
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences Unit, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - G Law
- College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - N Evangelou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R das Nair
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; SINTEF Digital, Trondheim, Norway
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2
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Yim K, Yeung C, Wong MY, Probert MR, Law G. Differentiable Formation of Chiroptical Lanthanide Heterometallic Ln n Ln' 4-n (L 6 ) (n=0-4) Tetrahedra with C 2 -Symmetrical Bis(tridentate) Ligands. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201655. [PMID: 35778773 PMCID: PMC9805037 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Construction of lanthanide heterometallic complex is important for engineering multifunction molecular containers. However, it remains a challenge because of the similar ionic radii of lanthanides. Herein we attempt to prepare chiral lanthanide heterometallic tetrahedra. Upon crystallization with a mixture of [Eu2 L3 ] and [Ln2 L3 ] (Ln=Gd, Tb and Dy) helicates, a mixture of heterometallic Eun Ln'4-n (L6 ) (n=0-4) tetrahedra was prepared. Selective formation of heterometallic tetrahedron was observed as MS deconvolution results deviated from statistical results. The formation of heterometallic tetrahedron was found to be sensitive to ionic radii as well as the ratio of the two helicates used in the crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- King‐Him Yim
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryDepartment of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, KowloonHong Kong)China
| | - Chi‐Tung Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryDepartment of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, KowloonHong Kong)China
| | - Melody Yee‐Man Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryDepartment of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, KowloonHong Kong)China
| | - Michael R. Probert
- ChemistrySchool of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | - Ga‐Lai Law
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryDepartment of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, KowloonHong Kong)China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000P. R. China
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3
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Zhou X, Yeung C, Kwok Chan WT, Law G. Diastereoselective Bidirectional C(
sp
3
)−H Bond Functionalization of Piperazine Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Le Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
- Present address: Beijing University of Chemical Technology People's Republic of China
| | - Chi‐Tung Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wesley Ting Kwok Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Ga‐Lai Law
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000 People's Republic of China
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4
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Zha S, Chau H, Chau WY, Chan LS, Lin J, Lo KW, Cho WC, Yip YL, Tsao SW, Farrell PJ, Feng L, Di JM, Law G, Lung HL, Wong K. Dual-Targeting Peptide-Guided Approach for Precision Delivery and Cancer Monitoring by Using a Safe Upconversion Nanoplatform. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2002919. [PMID: 33717845 PMCID: PMC7927616 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced cancer cells and HeLa cells as a comparative study model, a novel and safe dual-EBV-oncoproteins-targeting pH-responsive peptide engineering, coating, and guiding approach to achieve precision targeting and treatment strategy against EBV-associated cancers is introduced. Individual functional peptide sequences that specifically bind to two overexpressed EBV-specific oncoproteins, EBNA1 (a latent cellular protein) and LMP1 (a transmembrane protein), are engineered in three different ways and incorporated with a pH-sensitive tumor microenvironment (TME)-cleavable linker onto the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaGdF4 (UCNP-P n , n = 5, 6, and 7). A synergistic combination of the transmembrane LMP1 targeting ability and the pH responsiveness of UCNP-P n is found to give specific cancer differentiation with higher cellular uptake and accumulation in EBV-infected cells, thus a lower dose is needed and the side effects and health risks from treatment would be greatly reduced. It also gives responsive UC signal enhancement upon targeted dual-protein binding and shows efficacious EBV cancer inhibition in vitro and in vivo. This is the first example of simultaneous imaging and inhibition of two EBV latent proteins, and serves as a blueprint for next-generation peptide-guided precision delivery nanosystem for the safe monitoring and treatment against one specific cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zha
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University224 Waterloo RoadKowloonHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - Ho‐Fai Chau
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University224 Waterloo RoadKowloonHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - Wai Yin Chau
- Department of BiologyHong Kong Baptist University224 Waterloo RoadKowloonHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - Lai Sheung Chan
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University224 Waterloo RoadKowloonHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource UtilizationChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130000P. R. China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - William Chi‐Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical OncologyQueen Elizabeth HospitalKowloonHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - Yim Ling Yip
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - Paul J. Farrell
- Section of VirologyImperial College Faculty of MedicineNorfolk PlaceLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - Jin Ming Di
- Department of UrologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600# Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630P. R. China
| | - Ga‐Lai Law
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - Hong Lok Lung
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University224 Waterloo RoadKowloonHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University224 Waterloo RoadKowloonHong Kong SAR000000P. R. China
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Zhang J, Dai L, Webster AM, Chan WTK, Mackenzie LE, Pal R, Cobb SL, Law G. Unusual Magnetic Field Responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescence Probes with Highly Emissive Chiral Europium(III) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1004-1010. [PMID: 32959961 PMCID: PMC7821146 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous within biological systems where many of the roles and functions are still undetermined. Given this, there is a clear need to design and develop sensitive chiral optical probes that can function within a biological setting. Here we report the design and synthesis of magnetically responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) complexes displaying exceptional photophysical properties (quantum yield up to 31 % and |glum | up to 0.240) by introducing chiral substituents onto the macrocyclic scaffolds. Magnetic CPL responses are observed in these chiral EuIII complexes, promoting an exciting development to the field of magneto-optics. The |glum | of the 5 D0 → 7 F1 transition increases by 20 % from 0.222 (0 T) to 0.266 (1.4 T) displaying a linear relationship between the Δglum and the magnetic field strength. These EuIII complexes with magnetic CPL responses, provides potential development to be used in CPL imaging applications due to improved sensitivity and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, Hong Kong SARChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000P. R. China
| | - Lixiong Dai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, Hong Kong SARChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000P. R. China
| | | | - Wesley Ting Kwok Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, Hong Kong SARChina
| | | | - Robert Pal
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Steven L. Cobb
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Ga‐Lai Law
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung Hom, Hong Kong SARChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhen518000P. R. China
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6
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Zhang J, Dai L, Webster AM, Chan WTK, Mackenzie LE, Pal R, Cobb SL, Law G. Unusual Magnetic Field Responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescence Probes with Highly Emissive Chiral Europium(III) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | - Lixiong Dai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
| | | | - Wesley Ting Kwok Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Steven L. Cobb
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Ga‐Lai Law
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000 P. R. China
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7
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Leung R, Lee W, Wong M, Cheung S, Law G, Chan M. PV-058: PCSR correction factors of two measurement guided dose reconstruction 2D array for WFF & FFF. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(20)30542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Xie C, Chau H, Zhang J, Tong S, Jiang L, Fok W, Lung H, Zha S, Zou R, Jiao J, Ng C, Ma P, Zhang J, Lin J, Shiu KK, Bünzli JG, Wong W, Long NJ, Law G, Wong K. Bladder Cancer Photodynamic Therapeutic Agent with Off‐On Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhancement. Adv Therap 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Ho‐Fai Chau
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
- Department of BiologyHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Jing‐Xiang Zhang
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Sheng Tong
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London W12 0BZ London UK
| | - Wan‐Yiu Fok
- Department of BiologyHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Hong‐Lok Lung
- Department of BiologyHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Shuai Zha
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Rui Zou
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University 510000 Guangzhou China
| | - Ju Jiao
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University 510000 Guangzhou China
| | - Chi‐Fai Ng
- Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China
| | - Ping'an Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource UtilizationChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130021 China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Applied Biological and Chemical TechnologyHong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource UtilizationChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130021 China
| | - Kwok Keung Shiu
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Jean‐Claude G. Bünzli
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
- ISICSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Wai‐Kwok Wong
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London W12 0BZ London UK
| | - Ga‐Lai Law
- Department of Applied Biological and Chemical TechnologyHong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong China
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
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9
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Yip Y, Yan Z, Law G, Wong W. Reaction‐Based Europium Complex for Specific Detection of Cysteine Over Homocysteine and Glutathione with Variable‐Temperature Kinetic Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuk‐Wang Yip
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR
| | - Zhiyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ga‐Lai Law
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wing‐Tak Wong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR
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10
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Zheng P, Chaibuth P, Lo W, Jin W, Sun X, Meksawangwong S, Punyain W, Gál M, Gu Y, Chan WTK, Kielar F, Law G. Two‐Photon Excitable Iridium Complex Containing Dipyrazolyltriazine as Cellular Imaging Dyes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonnapa Zheng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Pawittra Chaibuth
- Department of Chemistry Naresuan University 65000 Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Wai‐Sum Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Weiweij Jin
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering 830046 Urumqi China
| | - Xinyang Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Wikorn Punyain
- Department of Chemistry Naresuan University 65000 Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Miraoslav Gál
- Department of Inorganic Technology Slovak University of Technology 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Yanjuan Gu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wesley Ting Kwok Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry Naresuan University 65000 Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Ga‐Lai Law
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR China
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen China
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11
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Wright FAC, Chu SK, Milledge KL, Valdez E, Law G, Hsu B, Naganathan V, Hirani V, Blyth FM, Le Couteur DG, Harford J, Waite LM, Handelsman DJ, Seibel MJ, Cumming RG. Oral health of community-dwelling older Australian men: the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP). Aust Dent J 2018; 63:55-65. [PMID: 28853154 PMCID: PMC6635750 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP) is a cohort study of the health of a representative sample of Australian men aged 70 years and older. The aim of this report is to describe the oral health of these men. METHODS Oral health was assessed when the men were all aged 78 years or older. Two calibrated examiners conducted a standardized intraoral assessment. Descriptive data were analysed by statistical association tests. Participants were excluded from the collection of some periodontal assessments if they had a medical contraindication. RESULTS Dental assessments of 614 participants revealed 90 (14.6%) were edentate. Men had a mean of 13.8 missing teeth and 10.3 filled teeth. Dentate participants had a mean of 1.1 teeth with active coronal decay. Those in the low-income group had a higher rate of decayed teeth and lower rate of filled teeth. Thirty-four participants (5.5%) had one or more dental implants, and 66.3% relied on substitute natural teeth for functional occlusion. Of those with full periodontal assessments; 90.9% had sites with pocket depths of 3 mm or more, 96.6% had sites with CAL of 5 mm or more, and 79.7% had three or more sites with GI scores of 2 or more. CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of periodontal diseases and restorative burden of dentitions, which suggests that greater attention needs to be given to prevention and health maintenance in older Australian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- FAC Wright
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - SK‐Y Chu
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - KL Milledge
- School of Public HealthSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - E Valdez
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - G Law
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - B Hsu
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing ResearchSydney Medical SchoolSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneyConcord HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - V Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- Ageing and Alzheimer's InstituteAged Chronic Care and RehabilitationConcord Repatriation General HospitalSydney Local Health DistrictConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - V Hirani
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing ResearchSydney Medical SchoolSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCharles Perkins CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - FM Blyth
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- Concord Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - DG Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- Ageing and Alzheimer's InstituteAged Chronic Care and RehabilitationConcord Repatriation General HospitalSydney Local Health DistrictConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - J Harford
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral HealthUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - LM Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on AgeingConcord Clinical School and Sydney Local Health DistrictConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
- Concord Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - DJ Handelsman
- ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneyConcord HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - MJ Seibel
- Concord Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - RG Cumming
- School of Public HealthSydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing ResearchSydney Medical SchoolSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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12
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Bao ZY, Zhang W, Zhang Y, He J, Dai J, Yeung C, Law G, Lei DY. Interband Absorption Enhanced Optical Activity in Discrete Au@Ag Core–Shell Nanocuboids: Probing Extended Helical Conformation of Chemisorbed Cysteine Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1283-1288. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yong Bao
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing China
| | - Yong‐Liang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Jijun He
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Jiyan Dai
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Chi‐Tung Yeung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Ga‐Lai Law
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Dang Yuan Lei
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
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13
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Bao ZY, Zhang W, Zhang Y, He J, Dai J, Yeung C, Law G, Lei DY. Interband Absorption Enhanced Optical Activity in Discrete Au@Ag Core–Shell Nanocuboids: Probing Extended Helical Conformation of Chemisorbed Cysteine Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yong Bao
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing China
| | - Yong‐Liang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Jijun He
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Jiyan Dai
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Chi‐Tung Yeung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Ga‐Lai Law
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Dang Yuan Lei
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
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Leung R, Lee V, Cheung S, Lee K, Law G, Wong M, Chan M, Mun T. SU-F-T-643: Feasibility of Performing Patient Specific VMAT QA On Single Linac for Plans Treated in Beam-Matched Elekta Agility Linacs. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chan M, Lee V, Wong M, Leung R, Law G, Lee K, Cheung S, Tung S. SU-F-T-16: Experimental Determination of Ionization Chamber Correction Factors for In-Phantom Measurements of Reference Air Kerma Rate and Absorbed Water Dose Rate of Brachytherapy 192Ir Source. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Leung R, Wong M, Lee V, Cheung S, Lee K, Law G, Chan M. SU-F-T-297: Quality Assurance of Multiple Brain Metastases with Single Isocenter Using Measurement Guided Dose Reconstruction. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lee K, Leung R, Law G, Wong M, Lee V, Tung S, Cheung S, Chan M. SU-F-T-377: Monte Carlo Re-Evaluation of Volumetric-Modulated Arc Plans of Advanced Stage Nasopharygeal Cancers Optimized with Convolution-Superposition Algorithm. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lee V, Huang X, Wong M, Chan M, Chui E, Cheung S, Leung R, Lee K, Law G, Leung K, Tung S, Kwong D. SU-G-TeP2-10: Feasibility of Newly Designed Applicator for High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Treatment of Patients with Vaginal Vault Recurrence. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lee V, Blanck O, Leung R, Wong M, Law G, Lee K, Tung S, Chan M. SU-E-T-790: Validation of 4D Measurement-Guided Dose Reconstruction (MGDR) with OCTAVIUS 4D System. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Wong M, Lee V, Blanck O, Leung R, Lee K, Law G, Tung S, Chan M. SU-E-T-579: On the Relative Sensitivity of Monte Carlo and Pencil Beam Dose Calculation Algorithms to CT Metal Artifacts in Volumetric-Modulated Arc Spine Radiosurgery (RS). Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chan M, Leung R, Wong M, Lee V, Law G, Lee K, Tung S, Blanck O. SU-E-T-05: 4D Measurement-Guided Dose Reconstruction (4D-MGDR) in End-End Quality Assurance (E2E QA) for Assessing Safety Margin in Radiosurgery (SRS) From Clinical Perspectives. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Leung R, Wong M, Blanck O, Lee V, Law G, Lee K, Tung S, Chan M. SU-E-T-202: Comparison of 4D-Measurement-Guided Dose Reconstructions (MGDR) with COMPASS and OCTAVIUS 4D System. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yale JF, Bakris G, Cariou B, Nieto J, David-Neto E, Yue D, Wajs E, Figueroa K, Jiang J, Law G, Usiskin K, Meininger G. Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:1016-27. [PMID: 24965700 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and within a subset of Stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥ 30 and <50 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). METHODS In this 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients (N = 269; mean eGFR, 39.4 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) received canagliflozin 100 or 300 mg and placebo once daily. Efficacy endpoints included changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body weight and systolic blood pressure (BP); adverse events (AEs) were also recorded. RESULTS At week 52, canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg reduced HbA1c compared with placebo (-0.19, -0.33 and 0.07%, respectively); placebo-subtracted differences (95% confidence interval) were -0.27% (-0.53, 0.001) and -0.41% (-0.68, -0.14). Canagliflozin also lowered FPG, body weight and BP versus placebo. Overall AE incidence was 85.6, 80.9, and 86.7% with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg and placebo, respectively. Osmotic diuresis-related AEs were more common with both canagliflozin doses, and incidences of urinary tract infections and volume depletion-related AEs were higher with canagliflozin 300 mg versus placebo. Decreases in eGFR (-2.1, -4.0 and -1.6 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) were seen with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg compared with placebo. Canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg provided median percent reductions in urine albumin to creatinine ratio versus placebo (-16.4, -28.0 and 19.7%). CONCLUSIONS Canagliflozin improved glycaemic control and was generally well tolerated in patients with T2DM and within a subset of Stage 3 CKD over 52 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Yale
- Department of Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Burdett A, Staniforth B, Law G. PP48 Does ambient temperature change affect acute admissions via Type 1 Accident and Emergency departments? Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wilding JPH, Charpentier G, Hollander P, González-Gálvez G, Mathieu C, Vercruysse F, Usiskin K, Law G, Black S, Canovatchel W, Meininger G. Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea: a randomised trial. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:1267-82. [PMID: 24118688 PMCID: PMC4282288 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Canagliflozin is a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin as an add-on to metformin plus sulphonylurea in patients with T2DM. METHODS Patients (N = 469) received canagliflozin 100 or 300 mg or placebo once daily during a 26-week core period and a 26-week extension. Prespecified primary end-point was change in HbA1c at 26 weeks. Secondary end-points included change in HbA1c at week 52 as well as proportion of patients achieving HbA1c < 7.0%, change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and systolic blood pressure, and per cent change in body weight, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides (weeks 26 and 52). RESULTS HbA1c was significantly reduced with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg vs. placebo at week 26 (-0.85%, -1.06%, and -0.13%; p < 0.001); these reductions were maintained at week 52 (-0.74%, -0.96%, and 0.01%). Both canagliflozin doses reduced FPG and body weight vs. placebo at week 26 (p < 0.001) and week 52. Overall adverse event (AE) rates were similar across groups over 52 weeks, with higher rates of genital mycotic infections and osmotic diuresis-related AEs seen with canagliflozin vs. placebo; these led to few discontinuations. Increased incidence of documented, but not severe, hypoglycaemia episodes was seen with canagliflozin vs. placebo. CONCLUSIONS Canagliflozin improved glycaemic control, reduced body weight, and was generally well tolerated in T2DM patients on metformin plus sulphonylurea over 52 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P H Wilding
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
- John Wilding, DM, FRCP, Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK, Tel.: +44(0)151 529 5885, Fax: +44(0)151 529 5888,
| | - G Charpentier
- Department of Diabetes Sud-Francilien Hospital, Centre d'Études et de Recherche pour l'Intensification du Traitement du Diabète (CERITD)Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - P Hollander
- Baylor University Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
| | - G González-Gálvez
- Instituto Jalisciense de Investigacion en Diabetes y ObesidadGuadalajara, Mexico
| | - C Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | | | - K Usiskin
- Janssen Research & Development LLCRaritan, NJ, USA
| | - G Law
- Janssen Research & Development LLCRaritan, NJ, USA
| | - S Black
- Janssen Research & Development LLCRaritan, NJ, USA
| | | | - G Meininger
- Janssen Research & Development LLCRaritan, NJ, USA
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Law G, Magder L, Fang H, Petri M. SAT0222 Hydroxychloroquine reduces thrombosis (both arterial and venous) in systemic lupus erythematosus, particularly in antiphospholipid positive patients:. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tobias J, Deere K, Palmer S, Clark E, Clinch J, Fikree A, Aktar R, Wellstead G, Knowles C, Grahame R, Aziz Q, Amaral B, Murphy G, Ioannou Y, Isenberg DA, Tansley SL, Betteridge ZE, Gunawardena H, Shaddick G, Varsani H, Wedderburn L, McHugh N, De Benedetti F, Ruperto N, Espada G, Gerloni V, Flato B, Horneff G, Myones BL, Onel K, Frane J, Kenwright A, Lipman TH, Bharucha KN, Martini A, Lovell DJ, Baildam E, Ruperto N, Brunner H, Zuber Z, Keane C, Harari O, Kenwright A, Cuttica RJ, Keltsev V, Xavier R, Penades IC, Nikishina I, Rubio-Perez N, Alekseeva E, Chasnyk V, Chavez J, Horneff G, Opoka-Winiarska V, Quartier P, Silva CA, Silverman ED, Spindler A, Lovell DJ, Martini A, De Benedetti F, Hendry GJ, Watt GF, Brandon M, Friel L, Turner D, Lorgelly PK, Gardner-Medwin J, Sturrock RD, Woodburn J, Firth J, Waxman R, Law G, Siddle H, Nelson AE, Helliwell P, Otter S, Butters V, Loughrey L, Alcacer-Pitarch B, Tranter J, Davies S, Hryniw R, Lewis S, Baker L, Dures E, Hewlett S, Ambler N, Clarke J, Gooberman-Hill R, Jenkins R, Wilkie R, Bucknall M, Jordan K, McBeth J, Norton S, Walsh D, Kiely P, Williams R, Young A, Harkess JE, McAlarey K, Chesterton L, van der Windt DA, Sim J, Lewis M, Mallen CD, Mason E, Hay E, Clarson LE, Hider SL, Belcher J, Heneghan C, Roddy E, Mallen CD, Gibson J, Whiteford S, Williamson E, Beatty S, Hamilton-Dyer N, Healey EL, Ryan S, McHugh GA, Main CJ, Porcheret M, Nio Ong B, Pushpa-Rajah A, Dziedzic KS, MacRae CS, Shortland A, Lewis J, Morrissey M, Critchley D, Muller S, Mallen CD, Belcher J, Helliwell T, Hider SL, Cole Z, Parsons C, Crozier S, Robinson S, Taylor P, Inskip H, Godfrey K, Dennison E, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Prieto Alhambra D, Lalmohamed A, Abrahamsen B, Arden N, de Boer A, Vestergaard P, de Vries F, Kendal A, Carr A, Prieto-Alhambra D, Judge A, Cooper C, Chapurlat R, Bellamy N, Czerwinski E, Pierre Devogelaer J, March L, Pavelka K, Reginster JY, Kiran A, Judge A, Javaid MK, Arden N, Cooper C, Sundy JS, Baraf HS, Becker M, Treadwell EL, Yood R, Ottery FD. Oral Abstracts 3: Adolescent and Young Adult * O13. Hypermobility is a Risk Factor for Musculoskeletal Pain in Adolescence: Findings From a Prospective Cohort Study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tynan A, Vallely A, Kelly A, Kupul M, Law G, Millan J, Siba P, Kaldor J, Hill PS. Health workers, health facilities and penile cutting in papua new guinea: implications for male circumcision as an HIV prevention strategy. P N G Med J 2011; 54:109-122. [PMID: 24494507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in male circumcision (MC) for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) prevention following compelling evidence from ecological studies and clinical trials in Africa, and the World Health Organization's recommendation in 2007 that MC be considered part of comprehensive HIV prevention programs in high-prevalence settings. Though no national policy has been established in PNG, East Sepik Province (ESP) commenced a formal program of MC in 2006, and there is evidence that PNG health workers are involved in other penile foreskin cutting activities in many areas. As part of a wider Male Circumcision Acceptability and Impact Study in PNG, we conducted an audit at a sample of PNG health facilities to assess their suitability for implementing a national MC program, and to identify issues that may arise in any future roll-out. The clinical audits demonstrated the difficulties with procurement and availability of equipment for general services around PNG, shortage of staff and capacity, and limitations of available clinical space. Results show that the ESP program has been successful; however, the success relies heavily on commitment from key workers to volunteer their time and services. A review of penile cutting activities by health care workers outside of the ESP program showed that the PNG health system is already involved in contemporary and traditional penile cutting practices via formal and informal arrangements: for example, by responding to complications from penile cuts performed by non-health workers, assisting community members to perform penile cutting through provision of equipment and advice, or providing regular penile foreskin cutting services for contemporary and traditional practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tynan
- Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - A Vallely
- Public Health Interventions Research Group, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Kelly
- Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka
| | - M Kupul
- Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka
| | - G Law
- Sexual Health and Disease Control Branch, Papua New Guinea Department of Health, Port Moresby
| | - J Millan
- Sexual Health and Disease Control Branch, Papua New Guinea Department of Health, Port Moresby
| | - P Siba
- Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka
| | - J Kaldor
- Public Health Interventions Research Group, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - P S Hill
- Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Vallely A, MacLaren DJ, Kaleva W, Millan J, Tommbe R, Marape W, Manineng C, Buchanan H, Amos A, Frank R, Kelly A, Kupul M, Aeno H, Trowalle E, John LN, Redman-Maclaren ML, Ryan C, Browne K, Tynan A, Hill PS, Gray RT, Murray J, Wilson DP, Law G, Siba P, McBride WJH, Farley T, Kaldor JM. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in Papua New Guinea: a summary of research evidence and recommendations for public health following a national policy forum. P N G Med J 2011; 54:91-108. [PMID: 24494506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In 2005, a clinical trial in South Africa found that circumcision of young men could reduce their risk of acquiring HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection by over 60%. In the following year, two more trials in Africa confirmed this finding, leading the World Health Organization to recommend male circumcision as a public health strategy for HIV prevention in high-incidence countries. In order to inform public health policy in Papua New Guinea (PNG), two major research projects were initiated with the goals of investigating the status of penile cutting practices and assessing understandings, acceptability, feasibility and cost-effectiveness of male circumcision for HIV prevention. In addition, behavioural surveillance surveys systematically asked questions on penile cutting practices and an ethnographic literature review informed historical perspectives of penile cutting in PNG. Key findings from these research activities were presented at a National Policy Forum on Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention held in Port Moresby in November 2011. The Forum made three key recommendations: (1) the formation of a joint National Department of HealthlNational AIDS Council Secretariat Policy Committee on male circumcision; (2) the establishment of an integrated harm reduction program; and (3) that future policy on wide-scale roll-out of male circumcision for HIV prevention in PNG be informed by a combination of data from (a) male circumcision intervention pilot programs and (b) research on the potential protective effect of other forms of penile cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vallely
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - D J MacLaren
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Coo University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - W Kaleva
- Papua New Guinea National AIDS Council Secretariat, Port Moresby
| | - J Millan
- Papua New Guinea Sexual Health Society, Waigani, National Capital District 131, Papua New Guinea
| | - R Tommbe
- Pacific Adventist University, Boroko, Papua New Guinea
| | - W Marape
- Divine Word University, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - C Manineng
- Divine Word University, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - H Buchanan
- National Research Institute, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - A Amos
- National Research Institute, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - R Frank
- National Research Institute, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - A Kelly
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - M Kupul
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - H Aeno
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - E Trowalle
- East Sepik Provincial AIDS Committee, Wewak, Papua New Guinea
| | - L N John
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Coo University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - M L Redman-Maclaren
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Coo University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Ryan
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - K Browne
- National Department of Health and Asian Development Bank HIV Prevention Project, Waigani, Papua New Guinea
| | - A Tynan
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - P S Hill
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - R T Gray
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Murray
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - D P Wilson
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - G Law
- Disease Control Branch, National Department of Health, Waigani, Papua New Guinea
| | - P Siba
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - W J H McBride
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Coo University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Farley
- Sigma 3 Services, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - J M Kaldor
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Law G. Inferring from a Cluster that Leukemia is Caused by Infection. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s165-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Skinner J, Mee TJ, Blackwell RP, Maslanyj MP, Simpson J, Allen SG, Day NE, Cheng KK, Gilman E, Williams D, Cartwright R, Craft A, Birch JM, Eden OB, McKinney PA, Deacon J, Peto J, Beral V, Roman E, Elwood P, Alexander FE, Mott M, Chilvers CED, Muir K, Doll R, Taylor CM, Greaves M, Goodhead D, Fry FA, Adams G, Law G. Exposure to power frequency electric fields and the risk of childhood cancer in the UK. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:1257-66. [PMID: 12439715 PMCID: PMC2408894 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2002] [Revised: 08/16/2002] [Accepted: 08/30/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study covering the whole of Great Britain, incorporated a pilot study measuring electric fields. Measurements were made in the homes of 473 children who were diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm between 1992 and 1996 and who were aged 0-14 at diagnosis, together with 453 controls matched on age, sex and geographical location. Exposure assessments comprised resultant spot measurements in the child's bedroom and the family living-room. Temporal stability of bedroom fields was investigated through continuous logging of the 48-h vertical component at the child's bedside supported by repeat spot measurements. The principal exposure metric used was the mean of the pillow and bed centre measurements. For the 273 cases and 276 controls with fully validated measures, comparing those with a measured electric field exposure >/=20 V m(-1) to those in a reference category of exposure <10 V m(-1), odds ratios of 1.31 (95% confidence interval 0.68-2.54) for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 1.32 (95% confidence interval 0.73-2.39) for total leukaemia, 2.12 (95% confidence interval 0.78-5.78) for central nervous system cancers and 1.26 (95% confidence interval 0.77-2.07) for all malignancies were obtained. When considering the 426 cases and 419 controls with no invalid measures, the corresponding odds ratios were 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.49-1.51) for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.56-1.54) for total leukaemia, 1.43 (95% confidence interval 0.68-3.02) for central nervous system cancers and 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.59-1.35) for all malignancies. With exposure modelled as a continuous variable, odds ratios for an increase in the principal metric of 10 V m(-1) were close to unity for all disease categories, never differing significantly from one.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Skinner
- Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
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Serban V, Timar R, Dabelea D, Green A, McKinney P, Law G. The epidemiology of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in Romania. ONROCAD Study Group. National Romanian Organisation for the Care of Diabetic Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2001; 14:535-41. [PMID: 11393575 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2001.14.5.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ONROCAD Study group was established to provide descriptive epidemiological information on type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in Romania. Data on all new patients with type 1 DM with onset before age 15 years during the four-year period 1992-1995 in Romania were submitted from all members of the ONROCAD Study Group, representing all doctors and clinics that manage children with DM in Romania. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were estimated, using available demographic data. A total of 706 new patients with type 1 DM and onset 0-14 years was registered. The overall completeness of ascertainment was estimated at 93.5%. For all Romania, the incidence of childhood-onset type 1 DM was estimated at 3.57/100,000/year. The incidence in the three regions was statistically significantly different (p = 0.002), with high rates in Transylvania and low rates in Muntenia. Girls had a significantly higher incidence than boys for each of the age groups 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 years. Between these age groups, the incidence increased significantly with age. The incidence of childhood-onset type 1 DM is among the lowest recorded in Europe. Significant, but unexplained, geographical variation exists within Romania. Searches for factors to explain this heterogeneity may provide clues to the etiology of childhood-onset type 1 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Serban
- Department of Diabetes, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
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Nieuwkerk P, Gisolf E, Sprangers M, Danner S, Gisolf EH, Reiss P, Weverling GJ, Duurvoort M, Krijger E, Brouwer E, Visser GR, Klotz A, Benschop C, Wulfert F, Danner SA, de Wolf F, Jurriaans S, Portegies P, Colebunders R, Pelgrom J, Wijnants H, de Roo A, Keersmaekers K, Vandenbruane M, van den Brande D, James T, van Wanzeele F, van der Gucht B, van der Ende ME, Nouwen J, Deenenkamp R, van der Meyden D, Koopmans PP, Brinkman K, ter Hofstede H, Zomer B, Blok WL, Ruissen C, Sprenger H, Law G, van der Meulen P, ten Veen C, Juttmann JR, van der Heul C, Santegoets R, van der Ven B, Gasthuis K, haarlem, ten Kate RW, Schoemaker M, Kauffmann RH, Henrichs JM, Maat A, Prins E, ten Napel CH, Pogany K, Duyts T, Lansink T, Simons P, Lacor P, de Waele A, van Wijngaarden E, Lejeune M, Scholte R, Dijkman J. Adherence over 48 Weeks in An Antiretroviral Clinical Trial: Variable within Patients, Affected by Toxicities and Independently Predictive of Virological Response. Antivir Ther 2001. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350100600203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate adherence to antiretroviral therapy over 48 weeks, to investigate the association between adherence and treatment-related symptoms and to investigate the impact of adherence on virological response over 48 weeks among established predictors of treatment success. Methods One-hundred-and-sixty HIV-1 infected protease inhibitor- and stavudine-naive patients participating in a trial of ritonavir/saquinavir versus ritonavir/saquinavir/ stavudine completed an adherence questionnaire and a symptom checklist at weeks 12, 24, 36 and 48. We calculated odds ratios between experienced symptoms and non-adherence. Regression models were used to determine predictors of HIV-1 RNA below 400 copies/ml at week 48, and of the area about the change from baseline over 48 weeks (ACFB) in serum HIV-1 RNA. Results The percentage of patients reporting missing medication, deviation from time schedule, and dietary prescriptions at separate time-points ranged from 12 to 15%, 32 to 35% and 17 to 22%, respectively. The percentage that changed their level of adherence during 48 weeks ranged from 29% for skipping medication to 48% for deviation from time-schedule. Experienced side-effects were associated with an increased likelihood of non-adherence. Not skipping medication was an independent predictor of both having a serum HIV-1 RNA below 400 copies/ml at week 48 and the ACFB over 48 weeks in serum HIV-1 RNA. Conclusions Adherence was an independent predictor of virological response over 48 weeks. The level of adherence is variable within patients over time. This suggests the need for continued adherence monitoring in all patients as part of standard medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pythia Nieuwkerk
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Gisolf
- National AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Sprangers
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Danner
- National AIDS Therapy Evaluation Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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- Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp
| | - H Wijnants
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp
| | - A de Roo
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp
| | | | | | | | - T James
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B Zomer
- University Hospital Nijmegen
| | - WL Blok
- Ziekenhuis Walcheren, Vlissingen
| | | | | | - G Law
- University Hospital Groningen
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- St Elisabeth Ziekenhuis Tilburg
| | | | | | | | | | - A Maat
- Ziekenhuis Leyenburg, Den Haag
| | - E Prins
- Ziekenhuis Leyenburg, Den Haag
| | | | - K Pogany
- Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede
| | - T Duyts
- Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede
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Sallee FR, Kurlan R, Goetz CG, Singer H, Scahill L, Law G, Dittman VM, Chappell PB. Ziprasidone treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: a pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39:292-9. [PMID: 10714048 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200003000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome and chronic tic disorders. METHOD Twenty-eight patients aged 7 to 17 years were randomly assigned to ziprasidone or placebo for 56 days. Ziprasidone was initiated at a dose of 5 mg/day and flexibly titrated to a maximum of 40 mg/day. RESULTS Ziprasidone was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the Global Severity (p = .016) and Total Tic (p = .008) scores on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Compared with placebo, ziprasidone significantly reduced tic frequencies as determined by blind videotape tic counts (p = .039). The mean (+/- SD) daily dose of ziprasidone during the last 4 weeks of the trial was 28.2 +/- 9.6 mg. Mild transient somnolence was the most common adverse event. No clinically significant effects were observed on specific ratings of extrapyramidal symptoms, akathisia, or tardive dyskinesia. CONCLUSIONS In this limited sample, ziprasidone (5-40 mg/day) appears to be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome. Ziprasidone may be associated with a lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects in children. However, additional studies are necessary to evaluate more fully its safety and efficacy in children with tic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Sallee
- Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years increasing attention has been paid to examining the relation between women's health and their own occupation. The findings presented here relate to an analysis of 381,915 cancers in women registered in England and Wales over the 20-year period 1971-1990. METHODS To explore the value of the data for epidemiological research, five sites (pleura, bladder, stomach, lung, and breast) and two occupations (agriculture and textile) were selected. Associations between cancer and occupation were evaluated using age and social class adjusted proportional registration ratios (PRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Pleural cancer risk was increased in a range of occupations with a potential for asbestos exposure (e.g., PRR 608, 95% CI 381-921 for craft and other production process workers), and the well-established link between bladder cancer and employment in the rubber industry was confirmed (PRR 303, 95% CI 188-464). Associations between "dusty" occupations and stomach cancer were noted (e.g., PRR 198, 95% CI 126-298 for ceramic decorators and finishers), and possible links with lung cancer and smoke in the work environment were highlighted (e.g., PRR 167, 95% CI 147-189 for publicans). As a group, agricultural workers were found to be at increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PRR 164, 95% CI 126-211), and textile workers at increased risk of pleural cancer (PRR 145, 95% CI 111-185). No evidence for an occupational aetiology for breast cancer was found within these data. CONCLUSIONS Occupational information collected at cancer registration in the United Kingdom can be reliably used to identify groups that may be at increased risk of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Simpson
- Leukaemia Research Fund, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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Law G, Parslow R, McKinney P, Cartwright R. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and nitrate in drinking water: a study in Yorkshire, United Kingdom. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999; 53:383-4. [PMID: 10396486 PMCID: PMC1756892 DOI: 10.1136/jech.53.6.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Law
- Leukaemia Research Fund Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Leeds
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Bertolo RF, Chen CZ, Law G, Pencharz PB, Ball RO. Threonine requirement of neonatal piglets receiving total parenteral nutrition is considerably lower than that of piglets receiving an identical diet intragastrically. J Nutr 1998; 128:1752-9. [PMID: 9772146 DOI: 10.1093/jn/128.10.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that the amino acid requirements for neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are significantly different than those for oral feeding and need to be determined. The parenteral threonine requirement was determined in 3-d-old male Yorkshire piglets (n = 25) by examining the effect of varying dietary threonine intakes [0.05-0.6 g/(kg.d)] on phenylalanine oxidation. The diet included adequate energy, total amino acids and phenylalanine, with excess tyrosine. Phenylalanine kinetics were determined from a primed, continuous intravenous infusion of L-[1-14C]phenylalanine. Phenylalanine oxidation, estimated from the rate of 14CO2 released in expired air during isotope infusion, decreased (P < 0.05) as threonine intake increased from 0.05 to 0.15 g/(kg.d) and was low and constant for threonine intakes >0.15 g/(kg.d). Using breakpoint analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI), mean requirement and safe level of parenteral threonine intake were estimated to be 0.19 and 0.21 g/(kg. d), respectively (equivalent to 13 and 14 mg/g amino acids, respectively). To compare these data with those of orally fed controls, we then repeated the experiment by infusing identical diets intragastrically to piglets (n = 25); the varying dietary threonine intakes were 0.1-1.2 g/(kg.d). Employing identical kinetics and analyses, the mean requirement and safe level of oral threonine intake were estimated to be 0.42 and 0.51 g/(kg.d), respectively (equivalent to 28 and 34 mg/g amino acids, respectively). These data demonstrate that the threonine requirement of neonates during TPN is approximately 45% of the mean oral requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Bertolo
- Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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McKinney PA, Parslow R, Gurney K, Law G, Bodansky HJ, Williams DR. Antenatal risk factors for childhood diabetes mellitus; a case-control study of medical record data in Yorkshire, UK. Diabetologia 1997; 40:933-9. [PMID: 9267988 DOI: 10.1007/s001250050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk factors for childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have been investigated using data abstracted from the obstetric records of mothers participating in a population-based case-control study of children (0-15 years) diagnosed with IDDM during 1993-1994. A univariate analysis of 196 age and sex matched sets (129 triplets, 67 pairs) gave significantly raised odds ratios (OR) for mothers over 35 years (OR 2.13, 95%CI 1.04-4.36) and the following exposures in pregnancy: amniocentesis (3.85, 1.34-11.04), oedema, proteinuria and/or hypertensive disorders (1.62, 1.03-2.54), excessive weight gain (7.12, 1.50-33.79) and complications in labour (1.49, 1.00-2.21). The risk previously associated with caesarean deliveries was confirmed and the trend of increasing risk with age was significant. Adjusting separately for mothers with IDDM (4 cases, 0 control subjects), parity and small for gestational age failed to have any influence on the pregnancy risk factors or caesarean delivery. Case mothers undergoing amniocentesis were significantly younger compared to their control counterparts (p = 0.02) and the majority were given the test to determine fetal maturity, late in pregnancy, rather than to identify chromosomal abnormalities. Oedema, proteinuria and/or hypertension conferred an increased risk throughout pregnancy, particularly in the first two trimesters. No specific pattern of risk was present for any age group. Multivariate modelling of the significant OR, using conditional logistic regression, retained excessive weight gain as significant. The overall results present a risk profile of older mothers whose babies may be exposed to adverse intrauterine conditions and delivery by caesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A McKinney
- Paediatric Epidemiology Group, Centre for Health Services Research, University of Leeds, UK
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Law G, Roman E. Leukaemia near La Hague nuclear plant. Study design is questionable. BMJ 1997; 314:1553; author reply 1555. [PMID: 9183218 PMCID: PMC2126765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Li PP, Law G, Green M, Chambers JW, Coscina DV, Warsh JJ. Serotonin depletion by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine does not affect G protein subunit levels in rat cortex. Neurosci Lett 1995; 194:153-6. [PMID: 7478226 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11746-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of G proteins in denervation supersensitivity of the CNS serotonergic system, we examined the effect of lesioning serotonergic neurons on the abundance of cerebral cortical membrane G protein subunits in rats. Three weeks after intracisternal injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), which significantly reduced cortical 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; -90%) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (approximately 98%) levels, no statistically significant differences were observed for G alpha s-1, G alpha s-s, G alpha i1, G alpha i2, G alpha q/11, G alpha 0, G beta 1 and G beta 2 immunoreactivity levels between sham-lesioned and 5,7-DHT lesioned rats. These data suggest that the functional supersensitivity of 5-HT neuronal system often observed following lesions of 5-HT fibers may not involve changes at the level of G proteins but may instead encompass other downstream elements of the 5-HT receptor signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Li
- Section of Biochemical Psychiatry, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sengupta SK, Patil NG, Law G. Seat-belt message and the law? P N G Med J 1989; 32:199-202. [PMID: 2816085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper attempts to draw together available information on the use of seat belts, one of the most important safety devices for a person in a car. Considering the high rate of mortality and morbidity due to road traffic accidents in Papua New Guinea the authors strongly feel that seat-belt usage should be made compulsory. When one looks at the history of the implementation of such a successful countermeasure in other countries it seems that legislation is the only answer.
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Williams R, Woolf I, Law G. The King's Liver Unit-2. Nurs Times 1976; 72:SUPPL 45-8. [PMID: 1012949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Williams R, Woolf I, Law G. The King's liver unit-1. Nurs Times 1976; 72:suppl 41-4. [PMID: 995679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Dickenson M, Law G. Nurses in the national health scheme. Lamp 1976; 33:30-6. [PMID: 1044960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Law G, Howell JM. Planning a multiphasic screening clinic for preschoolers. Can J Public Health 1969; 60:423-8. [PMID: 5355286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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