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Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: antimicrobial efficacy and ecotoxicological assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12005-12018. [PMID: 38227263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is usually based on expensive methods that use or generate chemicals that can negatively impact the environment. Our study presents a simple one-step synthesis process for obtaining AgNP using an aqueous extract of Amazonian fruit açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) as the reducing and stabilizing agents. The bio-synthesized AgNP (bio-AgNP) were comprehensively characterized by diverse techniques, and as a result, 20-nm spherical particles (transmission electron microscopy) were obtained. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the presence of crystalline AgNP, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) suggested that polyphenolic compounds of açaí were present on the surface. The bio-AgNP showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. In Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to 10 μg/L bio-AgNP for 96 h, there were no significant effects on growth, reproduction, or reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration; however, there was an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymatic activity. In contrast, when worms were exposed to chemically synthesized AgNP (PVP-AgNP), an increase in ROS, SOD, and GST activity and a reduction in oxidative stress resistance were observed. In conclusion, our study not only showcased the potential of açaí in the simple and rapid production of AgNP but also highlighted the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles using our protocol. Moreover, our findings revealed that these AgNPs exhibited reduced toxicity to C. elegans at environmentally realistic concentrations compared with PVP-AgNP.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is a highly prevalent substance of abuse in patients with psychosis. Previous studies have reported an association between tobacco use and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between tobacco use and first-episode psychosis (FEP), age at onset of psychosis, and specific diagnosis of psychosis. METHODS The sample consisted of 1105 FEP patients and 1355 controls from the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. We assessed substance use with the Tobacco and Alcohol Questionnaire and performed a series of regression analyses using case-control status, age of onset of psychosis, and diagnosis as outcomes and tobacco use and frequency of tobacco use as predictors. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol, and cannabis use. RESULTS After controlling for cannabis use, FEP patients were 2.6 times more likely to use tobacco [p ⩽ 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.1-3.2]] and 1.7 times more likely to smoke 20 or more cigarettes a day (p = 0.003; AOR 1.7; 95% CI [1.2-2.4]) than controls. Tobacco use was associated with an earlier age at psychosis onset (β = -2.3; p ⩽ 0.001; 95% CI [-3.7 to -0.9]) and was 1.3 times more frequent in FEP patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia than in other diagnoses of psychosis (AOR 1.3; 95% CI [1.0-1.8]); however, these results were no longer significant after controlling for cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco and heavy-tobacco use are associated with increased odds of FEP. These findings further support the relevance of tobacco prevention in young populations.
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Black Ultra-Thin Crystalline Silicon Wafers Reach the 4n 2 Absorption Limit-Application to IBC Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302250. [PMID: 37259265 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cutting costs by progressively decreasing substrate thickness is a common theme in the crystalline silicon photovoltaic industry for the last decades, since drastically thinner wafers would significantly reduce the substrate-related costs. In addition to the technological challenges concerning wafering and handling of razor-thin flexible wafers, a major bottleneck is to maintain high absorption in those thin wafers. For the latter, advanced light-trapping techniques become of paramount importance. Here we demonstrate that by applying state-of-the-art black-Si nanotexture produced by DRIE on thin uncommitted wafers, the maximum theoretical absorption (Yablonovitch's 4n2 absorption limit), that is, ideal light trapping, is reached with wafer thicknesses as low as 40, 20, and 10 µm when paired with a back reflector. Due to the achieved promising optical properties the results are implemented into an actual thin interdigitated back contacted solar cell. The proof-of-concept cell, encapsulated in glass, achieved a 16.4% efficiency with an JSC = 35 mA cm- 2 , representing a 43% improvement in output power with respect to the reference polished cell. These results demonstrate the vast potential of black silicon nanotexture in future extremely-thin silicon photovoltaics.
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Administration of Beta-Nerve Growth Factor during the Preovulatory Stage Improves Endocrine and Luteal Function in Dairy Heifers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061004. [PMID: 36978545 PMCID: PMC10044526 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin beta-nerve growth factor (NGF), which is present in the semen of different mammals, elicits potent ovulatory and luteotrophic actions in llamas following systemic administration. Here, we determine if purified NGF given intramuscularly (IM) during the preovulatory stage affects the corpus luteum (CL), hormone production, endometrial gene expression, and pregnancy rate of dairy heifers. Holstein-Friesian heifers were estrus-synchronized using estradiol benzoate (EB) plus an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device (DIB). After eight days, the device was removed and cloprostenol was given IM; the next day (day 9), heifers received EB IM plus one of the following: (i) 1 mg of NGF (NGF D9 group), (ii) 1 mg of NGF 32 h after EB (NGF D10 group), or (iii) phosphate buffer saline (control group). To measure pregnancy rates, heifers were treated similarly, then artificially inseminated with sexed semen 48–52 h after DIB removal, then an ultrasound was conducted 30 days after insemination. The females given NGF along with EB (NGF D9) showed significantly higher luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations, larger CL vascular areas, and higher plasma P4 concentrations than the NGF D10 and control animals. Downregulation of the P4 receptor (PGR), and upregulation of both lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and Solute Carrier Family 6 member 14 (SLC6A14) endometrial genes, were detected in NGF D9 heifers. Furthermore, these heifers had a 10% higher pregnancy rate than the control group. We conclude that the higher P4 output, in response to the early NGF administration, led to the enhanced gene expression of transcripts related to uterine receptivity that may result in enhanced pregnancy rates.
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Neuroimaging revealed long-lasting glucose metabolism changes to morphine withdrawal in rats pretreated with the cannabinoid agonist CP-55,940 during periadolescence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 69:60-76. [PMID: 36780817 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the long-term effects of a six and 14-week morphine withdrawal in rats pretreated with a cannabinoid agonist (CP-55,940, CP) during periadolescence. Wistar rats (33 males; 32 females) were treated with CP or its vehicle (VH) from postnatal day (PND) 28-38. At PND100, rats performed morphine self-administration (MSA, 15d/12 h/session). Eight groups were defined according to pretreatment (CP), treatment (morphine), and sex. Three [18F]FDG-PET brain images were acquired: after MSA, and after six and 14 weeks of withdrawal. PET data were analyzed with SPM12. Endocannabinoid (EC) markers were evaluated in frozen brain tissue at endpoint. Females showed a higher mean number of self-injections than males. A main Sex effect on global brain metabolism was found. FDG uptake in males was discrete, whereas females showed greater brain metabolism changes mainly in areas of the limbic system after morphine treatment. Moreover, the morphine-induced metabolic pattern in females was exacerbated when CP was previously present. In addition, the CP-Saline male group showed reduced CB1R, MAGL expression, and NAPE/FAAH ratio compared to the control group, and morphine was able to reverse CB1R and MAGL expression almost to control levels. In conclusion, females showed greater and longer-lasting metabolic changes after morphine withdrawal than males, indicating a higher vulnerability and a different sensitivity to morphine in subjects pre-exposed to CP. In contrast, males primarily showed changes in EC markers. Together, our results suggest that CP pre-exposure contributes to the modulation of brain metabolism and EC systems in a sex-dependent manner.
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Ovulation Induced by Intrauterine Seminal Plasma Increases Total Protein, PGE2, IL-8, and IL-1β in Uterine Fluid of Llamas ( Lama glama). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040554. [PMID: 36830341 PMCID: PMC9951705 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a state of immunotolerance in the female reproductive tract is important for embryo development, implantation and placentation. Llamas are induced ovulators and more than 98% of pregnancies occur in the left uterine horn. The objective of this study was to determine the uterine immune response of llamas in different stages of the reproductive cycle. Adult llamas (n = 20) were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography to determine follicular growth and then randomly assigned to four groups: Follicular phase (n = 5); Luteal phase induced by an intramuscular administration of 50 ug of GnRH analogue (n = 5); Luteal phase induced by intrauterine infusion of seminal plasma (n = 5); and Luteal phase induced by mating (n = 5). Uterine fluid was collected separately from both uterine horns by non-surgical flushing to determine the presence of cells, total proteins and concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFN γ, TNF-α and PGE2. Inflammatory cells were not observed in the uterine fluid and total protein pattern and inflammatory mediators did not differ between the left and the right horn amongst groups. Llamas treated with an intrauterine infusion of seminal plasma showed the highest concentration of total proteins, inflammatory cytokines PGE2, IL-8 and IL-1β in the uterine fluid. In conclusion, seminal plasma is made up of significant numbers of signaling molecules that are able to modify the uterine immune response in llamas.
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181 Effect of systemic administration of β-nerve growth factor during the periovulatory stage on corpus luteum development and function in dairy heifers. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv35n2ab181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Systemic Challenges in Internship Training for Health-Service Psychology: A Call to Action From Trainee Stakeholders. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:819-845. [PMID: 36465892 PMCID: PMC9718483 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211072232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The challenges observed in health service psychology (HSP) training during COVID-19 revealed systemic and philosophical issues that preexisted the pandemic, but became more visible during the global health crisis. In a position paper written by 23 trainees across different sites and training specializations, the authors use lessons learned from COVID-19 as a touchstone for a call to action in HSP training. Historically, trainee voices have been conspicuously absent from literature about clinical training. We describe longstanding dilemmas in HSP training that were exacerbated by the pandemic and will continue to require resolution after the pandemic has subsided. The authors make recommendations for systems-level changes that would advance equity and sustainability in HSP training. This article advances the conversation about HSP training by including the perspective of trainees as essential stakeholders.
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The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2021; 217:48. [PMID: 34776548 PMCID: PMC8550605 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-021-00816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
NASA's Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.
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LDL genetic risk score in patients with hypercholesterolemia to evaluate polygenic causes in Argentina. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Day and blue light modify growth, cell physiology and indole-3-acetic acid production of Azospirillum brasilense Az39 under planktonic growth conditions. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1671-1683. [PMID: 32979295 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this work, we evaluated the effects of light on growth, cell physiology and stress response of Azospirillum brasilense Az39, a non-photosynthetic rhizobacteria, under planktonic growth conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Exponential cultures of Az39 were exposed to blue (BL), red (RL) and daylight (DL) or maintained in darkness for 24, 48 and 72 h. The biomass production and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis increased by exposition to DL. Conversely, BL decreased IAA concentration through a direct effect on the molecule. The DL increased superoxide dismutase activity, hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels, but the last one was also increased by BL. Both DL and BL increased cell aggregation but only BL increased biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that both BL and DL are stress effectors for A. brasilense Az39 under planktonic growth conditions. The DL increased biomass production, IAA biosynthesis and bacterial response to stress, whereas BL induced cell aggregation and biofilms formation, but decreased the IAA concentration by photooxidation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Blue light and DL changes growth capacity, cell physiology and plant growth promotion ability of A. brasilense Az39 and these changes could be considered to improve the production and functionality of biofertilizers.
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[Kawasaki disease with severe manifestations and macrophage activation syndrome in a pediatric patient]. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2019; 117:e676-e678. [PMID: 31758909 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2019.e676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease is a febrile, acute and multisystemic vasculitis that mainly affects children under 5 years of age. We describe the clinical characteristics, evolution and therapeutic considerations in a patient with a diagnosis of complete Kawasaki disease with severe multisystem manifestations, among which stands out the macrophage activation syndrome, which represents an unusual and potentially life-threatening complication of the illness.
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Are high levels of lp(a) associated with familial hypercholesterolemia? Atherosclerosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Aims: To examine the association between the detection of Ureaplasma diversum in vaginal swabs from dairy cows in north western Spain with the diagnosis of granular vulvovaginitis (GVV) and reproductive performance, and the association with subclinical endometritis (SE) in slaughterhouse material. The presence of this microorganism in cases of abortion was also investigated. Methods: From 106 dairy farms in the province of Lugo, 40 herds were randomly selected. Vaginal swabs were obtained from 10 randomly selected cows per farm, then pooled for analysis to detect the presence of U. diversum by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In five of these herds samples from the 10 animals were individually tested for U. diversum, and the presence of GVV lesions and their reproductive efficiency (number of inseminations to achieve pregnancy over two subsequent pregnancies) were determined. Vaginal swabs from uteri of cattle obtained at a slaughterhouse (n = 100) were tested for U. diversum and the presence of SE, defined as >5% polymorphonuclear cells in cytobrush smears, was determined. Sixteen farms with abortion problems submitted samples for culture and PCR testing including for U. diversum. Results: Of the 40 herds, 39 (98%) tested positive for U. diversum. On the five farms, 25/50 (50%) cows tested positive for U. diversum, and more cows with GGV-lesions (16/25; 64%) tested positive than cows without lesions (9/25; 36%) (p = 0.047). There were more cows with poor reproductive efficacy that tested positive (8/11; 57%) than tested negative (3/17; 18%) for U. diversum (p = 0.029). Of the 100 uteri, five tested positive for U. diversum and there were more uteri with SE that tested positive (3/19; 16%) than uteri without SE (2/81; 2%) (p = 0.036). U. diversum was also diagnosed in 4/16 farms with abortion problems and liver appeared to be the best tissue for detecting U. diversum DNA in the fetuses analysed. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Infection with U. diversum was present in most of herds investigated and it was statistically associated with GVV, SE and poor reproductive performance. It was also detected in abortions and the liver may also be an additional tissue to be considered in the diagnosis of U. diversum abortion by PCR. The possible association with different diseases in the same area suggests that different presentations should be considered when studying the implications of U. diversum on the reproductive diseases of cattle.
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Long proleptic and sylleptic shoots in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees have similar, predetermined, maximum numbers of nodes and bud fate patterns. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:993-1004. [PMID: 30605513 PMCID: PMC6589516 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In peach (Prunus persica) trees, three types of shoots can be distinguished depending on the time of their appearance: sylleptic, proleptic and epicormic. On proleptic shoots, an average of ten phytomers are preformed in dormant buds prior to shoot growth after bud-break, whereas all phytomers are considered neoformed in sylleptic and epicormic shoots. However, casual observations indicated that proleptic and sylleptic shoots appear quite similar in number of phytomers and structure in spite of their different origins. The goal of this research was to test the hypothesis that both proleptic and sylleptic shoots exhibit similar growth characteristics by analysing their node numbers and bud fate patterns. If their growth characteristics are similar, it would indicate that the structure of both types of shoots is primarily under genetic rather than environmental control. METHODS The number of phytomers and bud fate patterns of proleptic and sylleptic shoots of four peach cultivars grown in the same location (Winters, California) were analysed and characterized using hidden semi-Markov models. Field data were collected during winter 2016, just prior to floral bud-break. KEY RESULTS Sylleptic shoots tended to have slightly fewer phytomers than proleptic shoots of the same cultivars. The bud fate patterns along proleptic and sylleptic shoots were remarkably similar for all the cultivars, although proleptic shoots started growing earlier (at least 1 month) in the spring than sylleptic shoots. CONCLUSIONS This study provides strong evidence for the semi-deterministic nature of both proleptic and sylleptic shoots across four peach cultivars in terms of number of phytomers and bud fate patterns along shoots. It is apparent that the overall structure of shoots with similar numbers of phytomers was under similar genetic control for the two shoot types. Understanding shoot structural characteristics can aid in phenotypic characterization of vegetative growth of trees and in providing a foundation for vegetative management of fruit trees in horticultural settings.
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Optimal reactive power compensation in electrical distribution systems with distributed resources. Review. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00746. [PMID: 30167496 PMCID: PMC6107897 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper an exhaustive bibliographical revision of the mathematical methods used for the optimal selection and location of reactive power compensating elements is developed, the results obtained by different authors for different objective functions are analyzed and a scientific problem in the conflict that the electric variables show when analyzed individually is identified; thus demonstrating the need to analyze this problem in a multi-criteria way and taking into account topologies of distribution grids with distributed generation and energy storage. This research demonstrates that reactive power compensation in distribution grids with distributed resources is a problem that must be analyzed from multiple criteria that consider several objective functions to be optimized; thus achieving a global solution that contemplates an optimal location and dimensioning of reactive power compensating elements that contribute to the joint improvement of the voltage profiles, minimization of power losses, harmonic mitigation, increased line capacity, voltage stability and power factor improvement, all of them to a minimum investment cost. A theoretical heuristic is also proposed to solve the described problem, based on the multicriteria optimization method.
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Variability in the primary emissions and secondary gas and particle formation from vehicles using bioethanol mixtures. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2018; 68:329-346. [PMID: 29020572 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2017.1386600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bioethanol for use in vehicles is becoming a substantial part of global energy infrastructure because it is renewable and some emissions are reduced. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and total hydrocarbons (THC) are reduced, but there is still controversy regarding emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), aldehydes, and ethanol; this may be a concern because all these compounds are precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The amount of emissions depends on the ethanol content, but it also may depend on the engine quality and ethanol origin. Thus, a photochemical chamber was used to study secondary gas and aerosol formation from two flex-fueled vehicles using different ethanol blends in gasoline. One vehicle and the fuel used were made in the United States, and the others were made in Brazil. Primary emissions of THC, CO, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) from both vehicles decreased as the amount of ethanol in gasoline increased. NOx emissions in the U.S. and Brazilian cars decreased with ethanol content. However, emissions of THC, CO, and NOx from the Brazilian car were markedly higher than those from the U.S. car, showing high variability between vehicle technologies. In the Brazilian car, formation of secondary nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) was lower for higher ethanol content in the fuel. In the U.S. car, NO2 and O3 had a small increase. Secondary particle (particulate matter [PM]) formation in the chamber decreased for both vehicles as the fraction of ethanol in fuel increased, consistent with previous studies. Secondary to primary PM ratios for pure gasoline is 11, also consistent with previous studies. In addition, the time required to form secondary PM is longer for higher ethanol blends. These results indicate that using higher ethanol blends may have a positive impact on air quality. IMPLICATIONS The use of bioethanol can significantly reduce petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Given the extent of its use, it is important to understand its effect on urban pollution. There is a controversy on whether there is a reduction or increase in PM emission when using ethanol blends. Primary emissions of THC, CO, CO2, NOx, and NMHC for both cars decreased as the fraction of ethanol in gasoline increased. Using a photochemical chamber, the authors have found a decrease in the formation of secondary particles and the time required to form secondary PM is longer when using higher ethanol blends.
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Growth performance, body composition, and digestive functionality of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) juveniles fed diets including microalgae freeze-dried biomass. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:661-677. [PMID: 29354886 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Senegalese sole is one of the most promising fish species cultivated in the Southern European countries. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of microalgae biomass added to diets for Senegalese sole juveniles on fish growing and condition status. Three isoproteic (52%) and isolipidic (10%) were formulated containing 15% Tisochrysis lutea (TISO), Nannochloropsis gaditana (NAN), or Scenedesmus almeriensis (SCE) biomass, respectively. An experimental microalgae-free diet (CT) and a commercial diet (COM) were used as controls. Fish were fed at 3% of their body weight for 85 days. Final body weight of fish fed microalgae-supplemented diets did not differ from group fed CT diet. Fish-fed CT, TISO, NAN, and SCE showed higher growth performance and nutrient utilization figures than specimen-fed COM diet. The highest carcass lipid content was found in COM group (141 g kg-1), and no differences were observed in body protein content. Ash was significantly higher in TISO, NAN, and SCE groups compared to fish-fed CT. Muscle EPA and DHA contents were not modified owing to the different dietary treatments. The n3/n6 and EPA/DHA ratios in muscle were similar in all the experimental groups. The quantification of digestive proteolytic activities did not differ among experimental groups, although differences in the protease pattern in digestive extracts by zymography were revealed in those fish fed on COM diet. Both α-amylase activity in the intestinal lumen and leucine aminopeptidase in the intestinal tissue were significantly lower in COM fish. Specimens fed on SCE diet showed a higher leucine aminopeptidase activity associated to the intestinal tissue compared to NAN-fed fish (0.40 and 0.25 U g tissue-1, respectively). The ultrastructural study revealed that the dietary inclusion of algal biomass, especially T. lutea and N. gaditana, had a positive impact on the absorptive capacity of the intestinal mucosa. The highest values for the parameters microvilli length and microvilli absorption surface were observed in fish fed on NAN diet (1.99 μm and 45.93 μm2, respectively). Even though further studies aimed at optimizing commercial formulas for Senegalese sole are required prior to any large-scale practical utilization, the results obtained clearly suggest the potential of microalgae as dietary ingredients for this fish species.
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Description of Alicyclobacillus montanus sp. nov., a mixotrophic bacterium isolated from acidic hot springs. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:1608-1615. [PMID: 29557767 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three morphologically similar thermo-acidophilic strains, USBA-GBX-501, USBA-GBX-502 and USBA-GBX-503T, were isolated from acidic thermal springs at the National Natural Park Los Nevados (Colombia). All isolates were spore-forming, Gram-stain-positive and motile, growing aerobically at 25-55 °C (optimum ~45 °C) and at pH 1.5-4.5 (optimum pH ~3.0). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates showed an almost identical sequence (99.0 % similarity) and they formed a robust cluster with the closest relative Alicyclobacillus tolerans DSM 16297T with a sequence similarity of 99.0 %. Average similarity to other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus was 93.0 % and average similarity to species of the genus Effusibacillus was 90 %. In addition, the level of DNA-DNA hybridization between strain USBA-GBX-503T and Alicyclobacillus tolerans DSM 16297T was 31.7 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain USBA-GBX-503T was 44.6 mol%. The only menaquinone was MK-7 (100.0 %). No ω-alicyclic fatty acids were detected in strain USBA-GBX-503T, and the major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness values, along with low levels of identity at the whole genome level (ANIb and ANIm values of <67.0 and <91.0 %, respectively), it can be concluded that strain USBA-GBX-503T represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus, for which the name Alicyclobacillus montanus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is USBA-GBX-503T (=CMPUJ UGB U503T=CBMAI1927T).
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Prediction of Iberian lynx road–mortality in southern Spain: a new approach using the MaxEnt algorithm. ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2018. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2018.41.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Distribution of Aleutian mink disease virus contamination in the environment of infected mink farms. Vet Microbiol 2017; 204:59-63. [PMID: 28532807 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Control and eradication of Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV) are a major concern for fur-bearing animal production. Despite notably reducing disease prevalence, current control programs are unable to prevent the reinfection of farms, and environmental AMDV persistence seems to play a major role regarding this issue. In this study 114 samples from different areas and elements of seven infected mink farms were analyzed by qPCR in order to evaluate the environmental distribution of AMDV load. Samples were classified into nine categories, depending on the type of sample and degree of proximity to the animals, the main source of infection. Two different commercial DNA extraction kits were employed in parallel for all samples. qPCR analysis showed 69.3% positive samples with one kit and 81.6% with the other, and significant differences between the two DNA extraction methods were found regarding AMDV DNA recovery. Regarding sample categorization, all categories showed a high percentage of AMDV positive samples (31%-100%). Quantification of positive samples showed a decrease in AMDV load from animal barns to the periphery of the farm. In addition, those elements in direct contact with animals, the street clothes and vehicles of farm workers and personal protective equipment used for sampling showed a high viral load, and statistical analysis revealed significant differences in AMDV load between the first and last categories. These results indicate high environmental contamination of positive farms, which is helpful for future considerations about cleaning and disinfection procedures and biosecurity protocols.
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Toxicological Effects Induced by Silver Nanoparticles in Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio) and in the Bacteria Communities Living at Their Surface. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 97:456-462. [PMID: 27393328 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) makes them useful in a wide range of products although their environmental impact is still uncertain. The main goal of this study was to evaluate short-term effects induced by AgNP on gills oxidative status and bacterial communities living at the skin mucus of zebrafish. Both the number of bacteria colony forming units and bacteria growth obtained from skin mucus were lower in all concentrations tested (25, 50 and 100 µg nAg/L). Besides, AgNP exposure caused a significant decrease in bacteria growth in zebrafish exposed to 100 µg nAg/L. AgNP accumulated in zebrafish gills at both highest concentrations tested, but this accumulation did not appear to result in oxidative stress. Overall the results indicated toxicological effects of AgNP on bacteria communities living at the zebrafish mucus surface. Although silver accumulation was verified in gills, no evidence of toxicity in terms of oxidative stress was found.
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Effect of Probiotic, Prebiotic and Synbiotic Follow-up Infant Formulas on Iron Bioavailability in Rats. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013207075465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of functional ingredients-supplemented diets on iron bioavailability and the section of the large intestine involved with this effect was investigated in rats. The diets consisted of seven powder follow-up infant formulas containing probiotics ( Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum), prebiotics (galactooligosaccharides (4'-GOS) at 1.2, 5 and 10%) or synbiotics (bifidobacteria and 4'-GOS at 1.2, 5 and 10%) that were administered to weanling rats over 30 days. Iron balancing (mineral apparent absorption and retention ratios) was carried out in three periods of 72h each. Results showed that the administration of any of the test diets increased the apparent iron absorption or retention in any of the periods, however only 10% prebiotic and synbiotic diets significantly (P<0.05) increased apparent iron absorption and retention during the three periods of mineral balancing when compared to the control group. A linear regression study demonstrated that the stimulation of iron absorption took place mainly in the colon portion of the gut, since the parameters iron absorption, crypt depth of proximal colon and pH colon content showed a multiple linear relationship (R2=0.56). We concluded that 10% prebiotic and synbiotic diets were the diets most prone to improving iron bioavailability in the colons of rats.
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Biodisponibilidad del selenio y métodos de evaluación/Selenium bioavailability and methods of evaluation. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108201329600200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Comparison of the effects of mesquite pod and Leucaena extracts with phytoestrogens on the reproductive physiology and sexual behavior in the male rat. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:1-10. [PMID: 27163522 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesquite (Prosopis sp.) and Leucaena leucocephala are widespread legumes, widely used to feed several livestock species and as food source for human populations in several countries. Both mesquite and Leucaena contain several phytoestrogens which might have potential estrogenic effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mesquite pod and Leucaena extracts on several aspects of behavior and reproductive physiology of the male rat. The effects of the extracts were compared with those of estradiol (E2) and of two isoflavones: daidzein (DAI) and genistein (GEN). The following treatments were given to groups of intact male rats: vehicle; mesquite pod extract; Leucaena extract; E2; DAI; GEN. The results indicate that mesquite pod and Leucaena extracts disrupt male sexual behavior in a similar way to DAI and GEN, but less than E2. The main disruptor of sexual behavior was E2, however after 40 and 50days of administration, both extracts and phytoestrogens disrupted sexual behavior in a similar way to E2. The extracts also increased testicular germ cell apoptosis, decreased sperm quality, testicular weight, and testosterone levels, as phytoestrogens did, although these effects were less than those caused by estradiol. The number of seminiferous tubules with TUNEL-positive germ cells increased in extracts treated groups in a similar way to phytoestrogens groups, and E2 caused the greatest effect. The number of TUNEL-positive cells per tubule increased only in Leucaena extract and E2 groups, but not in mesquite- and phytoestrogens-treated groups. Spermatocytes and round spermatids were the TUNEL-positive cells observed in all experimental groups. This effect was associated with smaller testicular weights without atrophy in experimental groups compared with control. Testicular atrophy was only observed in estradiol-treated males. Testosterone decreased in males of all experimental groups, compared with control, this androgen was undetectable in E2 treated males. These results suggest that mesquite pod and Leucaena extracts cause effects similar to those of phytoestrogens in male rat reproduction, these effects were lower than those caused by E2.
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Effect of alginate and chitosan encapsulation on the fate of BSA protein delivered orally to gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Development of a convenience and safety chilled sous vide fish dish: Diversification of aquacultural products. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2015; 22:185-95. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013215582275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic expansion of the ready-to-eat seabream sector in its adaptation to new lifestyles has led to the search for new presentation formats in seabream ( Sparus aurata). Green sauce (olive oil, wine vinegar, garlic, fresh parsley, black pepper, basil and salt) and 60 ℃ of cooking temperature were chosen by the panellists for the sous vide cooking process. Seabream fillet and sauce were packaged in polypropylene trays, cooked, chilled and stored at 2 ℃. Microbiological (total viable counts, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, anaerobic psychrotrophic, moulds and yeasts, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes), chemical (pH and TBARs) and sensory parameters were determined at 0, 7, 17, 34, 48 and 62 days. In the conditions used, the microbiological counts remained stable, and Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were absent. The acidic sauce had a positive effect on the pH of the product, and low TBARs were obtained throughout storage. The processing conditions used in the present study allowed a chilled ready-to-eat seabream product of consistently high quality up to 62 days of storage to be obtained, representing an expansion of the products offered by the aquacultural industry.
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Laparoscopic Suture of a Renal Vein Injury during a Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Phase I single-dose study of intracavitary-administered Nimotuzumab labeled with 188-Re in adult recurrent high-grade glioma. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 7:333-9. [DOI: 10.4161/cbt.7.3.5414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Physicians' Awareness and Understanding of Personalized Medicine in the Treatment of Cancer and Its Adoption in Clinical Practice: a Multinational Survey. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu438.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Toxicity of fullerene and nanosilver nanomaterials against bacteria associated to the body surface of the estuarine worm Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 99:52-59. [PMID: 24984272 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the growth and biochemical responses of six bacterial colonies isolated from the mucus of the estuarine polychaeta Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae) after exposure to a water suspension of fullerene (nC60) and nanosilver (nAg) separately (0.01; 0.10; and 1.00 mg/L) and together (0.01; 0.10; and 1.00 mg/L of nanosilver and 1.00 mg/L of fullerene added to each nAg concentration). Exposures were performed in darkness during 24 h and then samples were taken from the worms and inoculated on agar during 24 h to analyze colonies growth. After this the material was analyzed biochemically. Colonies growth (tested by wet biomass weight) was inhibited at 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L of nAg and 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L nAg + constant 1.00 mg/L of nC60 (p < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation damage was significant from the control for the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L of nC60 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly higher for the concentration of 1.00 mg/L mg/L nAg + constant 1.00 mg/L of nC60 (p < 0.05). Although nC60 did not induced growth inhibition, it triggered lipid peroxidation alone and increased GST activity together with nAg.60 Contrary to nC60, nanosilver inhibited bacterial growth, although the biochemical measurements indicate that this response is not due to reactive oxygen species generation.
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Particle size distribution and its relationship to black carbon in two urban and one rural site in Santiago de Chile. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2014; 64:785-796. [PMID: 25122952 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.890141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The size distribution of particles has been studied in three sites in the Metropolitan area of Santiago de Chile in the winter of 2009 and a comparison with black carbon was performed. Two sites are located near busy streets in Santiago and the other site is located in a rural area about 40 km west of Santiago with little influence from vehicles, but large influence from wood burning. The campaign lasted 1 or 2 weeks in each site. We have divided the particle size measurements into four groups (10-39 nm, 40-62 nm, 63-174 nm, and 175-700 nm) in order to compare with the carbon monitor. In the sites near the street, black carbon has a high correlation (R = 0.85) with larger particles (175-700 nm). The correlation decreased when black carbon was compared with smaller particles, having very small correlation with the smallest sizes (10-39 nm). In the rural site, black carbon also has a high correlation (R = 0.86) with larger particles (175-700 nm), but the correlation between black carbon and the finest particles (10-39 nm) decreases to near 0. These measurements are an indication that wood burning does not generate particles smaller than -50 nm. In the urban sites, particle size distribution is peaked toward smaller particles (10-39 nm) only during rush hours, but at other times, particles size distribution is peaked toward larger sizes. When solar radiation was high, evidence of secondary particle formation was seen in the rural site, but not in the urban sites. The correlation between the number of secondary particles and solar radiation was R2 = 0.46, indicating that it there may be other variables that play a role in ultrafine particle formation. Implications: A study of the size distribution of particles and black carbon concentration in two street sites and one rural site shows that in the last site the number of particles ultrafine particles (d < 40 nm) is 10 times lower but the number of larger particles is about 2 times lower. Thus, the rural site has less of the particles that are more dangerous to health. The number ofultrafine particles is mostly associated with traffic, while the number of larger particles is associated with wood burning and other sources. Wood burning does not generate particles smaller than -50 nm.
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Association between dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs) and bone mineral density in Spanish women. NUTR HOSP 2013; 27:1886-93. [PMID: 23588435 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2012.27.6.6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest a tight association between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in humans. The intake of antioxidants may influence Bone Mineral Density by acting as free radical scavengers, preventing oxidation-induced damage to bone cells. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the association between the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score and bone mineral density in a sample of healthy women. METHODS A total of 280 women were grouped into three major groups: women aged ≤ 35 years; women aged 36-45, and finally women aged >45 years. Calcaneous Bone Mineral Density (g/cm²) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data on the eating habits of each participant were collected with a structured 24-hour diet recall questionnaire. A Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score was used to calculate antioxidant-nutrient intake. RESULTS A significant and positive association was observed among Bone Mineral Density and dietary intake of vitamin C and selenium. Zinc intake was significantly related to Bone Mineral Density in the youngest group. Low antioxidant consumers were considered individuals whose Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score was lower or equal than the median (3.5), and high antioxidant consumers were those whose Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score were higher than 3.5. Bone Mineral Density was higher in the participants defined as high antioxidant consumers in all aged groups. CONCLUSION The study showed that there is an association between Bone Mineral Density and the Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score in all the women studied. Therefore, new therapies for osteoporosis based on higher dietary antioxidant intakes might be developed basing on the results obtained in this study.
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Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in an HIV infected patient returning from Vietnam. Rev Clin Esp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Consequences of karyotype alterations in men that undergo assisted reproductive treatments. Fertil Steril 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Correlation between sperm hyaluronan binding assay (HBA), sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm high magnification. Fertil Steril 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Toxicological effects induced by the nanomaterials fullerene and nanosilver in the polychaeta Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae) and in the bacteria communities living at their surface. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 89:53-62. [PMID: 23743133 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene (nC60) and nanosilver (nAg) are nanomaterials with bactericide properties. The increments in their use raise questions about their potential environmental impacts, including estuarine ones. The polychaete Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae) secretes mucus that is colonized by bacteria communities. We analyzed the antioxidant and oxidative damage responses of anterior, middle and posterior region of L. acuta and bacteria communities after nC60 or nAg exposure during 24 h. Molecular analysis showed a prevalence of Vibrio genera in the communities. Bacteria biomass was lowered in worms exposed to 1.0 mg/L of nAg. nC60 reduced total antioxidant capacity of bacteria from worms exposed to 0.1 mg/L. Worms anterior region presented lower antioxidant capacity after exposure to 1.0 mg nC60/L, and the same was observed in the posterior region of worms exposed to 1.0 mg nAg/L. Lipid peroxidation was reduced in the anterior region of worms exposed to nC60 and the opposite was observed in the posterior region.
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Management of Bowel Involvement in Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis. Our Results. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2012.08.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mesquite pod extract modifies the reproductive physiology and behavior of the female rat. Horm Behav 2012; 61:549-58. [PMID: 22366692 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non steroidal compounds that can bind to estrogen receptors, mimicking some effects of estradiol (E(2)). These compounds are widespread among legumes, which are used as pasture, and their importance in animal agriculture has increased. Mesquite (Prosopis sp) is a widespread legume, widely used to feed several livestock species in Mexico. The main product of mesquite is the pod, which is considered high quality food. As a legume, it could be assumed that mesquite contains some amounts of phytoestrogens which might induce potential estrogenic effects. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports regarding the possible estrogenic activity of this legume either in livestock or in animal models such as the rat. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the potential estrogenic effects of mesquite pod extract on several aspects of behavior and reproductive physiology of the female rat. The effects of the extract were compared with those of E(2) and two isoflavones: daidzein (DAI) and genistein (GEN). The following treatments were given to groups of intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats: vehicle; mesquite pod extract; E(2); GEN; DAI. Compared to vehicle groups, mesquite pod extract, DAI, GEN, and E(2) increased uterine weight and induced growth in vaginal and uterine epithelia. In intact rats, mesquite pod extract, GEN and DAI altered estrous cyclicity, decreased lordotic quotient and intensity of lordosis. In OVX rats, mesquite pod extract, DAI and GEN induced vaginal estrus, increased vaginal epithelium height, and induced lordosis, although its intensity was reduced, compared with intact rats in estrus and E2-treated rats. These results suggest that mesquite pod extract could have estrogenic activity. However, the presence of phytoestrogens in this legume remains to be confirmed.
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Complications after Surgery for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.08.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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[10 years of innovation in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: a comparison between standard and short course therapies in directly observed therapy]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE SANIDAD PENITENCIARIA 2011; 13:3-14. [PMID: 21484073 DOI: 10.4321/s1575-06202011000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main aim of the study is to compare the acceptance, adherence, tolerance and safety of short course therapies in comparison to a standard 9 month treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in directly observed therapy (DOT) and contrast this with previous results from a standard therapy in patient self-administered treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective longitudinal study carried out at a medium sized prison. Period of inclusion covers 10 years, from January 2000 to December 2009. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inclusion and exclusion criteria were used, as well as the ones included in the Program for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control in the Prison Environment. 4 LTBI therapies according to the preference of the patient and possible interactions with other treatments were utilised. Therapy I consisted of isoniazid (H) in doses of 300 mg/day for 9 months (9H), therapy II with rifampicin for 2 months, twice a week, (2R2Z2) therapy III with rifampicin and isoniazid for 3 months (3RH) and therapy IV with rifampicin for four months (4R). Treatment was administered under strict DOT conditions by nursing staff. RESULTS 902 patients were included, of which 810 accepted the treatment (89.90%), distributed as follows: 400 in the 9H therapy, and 410 with short course therapies (316 in the 2R2Z2, 82 in the 3RH therapy and 12 in the 4R therapy). 92 patients (10.20%) did not accept LTBI therapy, 271 patients (67.75%) concluded the LTBI treatment with 9H, and 314 (76.60%) with short courses. 232 patients (73.42%) concluded the 2R2Z2, 85.40% with the 3RH 70 therapy and 12 (100%) with the 4R treatment. 129 patients (32.25%) did not complete the LTBI 9H therapy (63 due to voluntary withdrawal, 35 due to adverse reactions, 26 for release or transfer, 2 for unknown reasons, 1 due to tuberculosis in a HIV-patient and 1 due to suicide). 96 patients (23.41%) did not conclude the short course therapies (36 due to voluntary withdrawal, 54 due to adverse reactions, 1 due to release or transfer, 3 for unknown reasons, 1 due to a psychotic episode, and 1 due to hepatitis of unknown aetiology). Significant differences could be discerned in the LTBI therapy conclusion rates when comparing the standard 9H and short course therapies. A greater, statistically significant, probability is observed with the short course therapies: p: 0.006; Odds Ration: 1.56 (LC95%: 1.14-2.12). This difference is a result of the 9H therapy presenting a greater number of voluntary withdrawals for no apparent reason (p: 0.002; OR: 2.03 [1.30-3.15]) and a greater number of withdrawals as a result of transfers to another prison or release (p<0.0001; OR 30.22 [4.07-224.29]), with no significant differences being found in withdrawals for adverse reactions between the 9H therapy and the short course treatments as a whole. The 2R2Z2 therapy shows a higher probability of withdrawals for adverse reactions (p: 0.006; OR: 1.87 [(1.21-2.88]) than the other therapies. CONCLUSION Greater acceptance of initiating therapy was observed in all the DOT therapies. The 3RH, 2R2Z2 and 4R short course therapies favoured better adherence, with significantly lower ratios of withdrawal than the 9H therapy for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Tolerance and safety of the short course therapies was very similar to the standard 9H treatment, with a significantly higher percentage of adverse reactions in the 2R2Z2 therapy in comparison to others. Our data backs up the safety and adherence of a short course 3RH therapy in DOT for treating latent tuberculosis infection and its preferential use in the prison environment in comparison to isoniazid due to the greater number of patients concluding treatment. The administration of LBTI therapy in DOT achieves a high percentage of acceptance and conclusion of treatments in prison, significantly improving on the previous results in a cross-sectional study of the prison environment and others obtained at our centre in self-administered treatment.
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Sperm DNA fragmentation test predicts assisted reproductive outcomes better than MSOME. Fertil Steril 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Feline leukemia virus outbreak in the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus): high-throughput sequencing of envelope variable region A and experimental transmission. Arch Virol 2011; 156:839-54. [PMID: 21302124 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-0925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Iberian lynx is the most endangered felid species. During winter/spring 2006/7, a feline leukemia virus (FeLV) outbreak of unexpected virulence killed about 2/3 of the infected Iberian lynxes. All FeLV-positive animals were co-infected with feline hemoplasmas. To further characterize the Iberian lynx FeLV strain and evaluate its potential virulence, the FeLV envelope gene variable region A (VRA) mutant spectrum was analyzed using the Roche 454 sequencing technology, and an in vivo transmission study of lynx blood to specified-pathogen-free cats was performed. VRA mutations indicated weak apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme and catalytic polypeptide-like cytidine deaminase (APOBEC) restriction of FeLV replication, and variants characteristic of aggressive FeLV strains, such as FeLV-C or FeLV-A/61C, were not detected. Cats exposed to FeLV/Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum-positive lynx blood did not show a particularly severe outcome of infection. The results underscore the special susceptibility of Iberian lynxes to infectious diseases.
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Oral Suspensions of Morphine Hydrochloride for Controlled Release: Rheological Properties and Drug Release. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:629-34. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200019q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Feline leukaemia virus outbreak in the Iberian lynx in 2007: analysing partial data may lead to misconceptions. Anim Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Inside the removal of lead(II) from aqueous solutions by De-Oiled Allspice Husk in batch and continuous processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 181:1095-1101. [PMID: 20591566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new adsorbent material for removing lead ions from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The residue of the allspice extraction process (De-Oiled Allspice Husk) was used on the removal of Pb(II) from water solutions. The lead sorption capacity of De-Olied Allspice Husk (DOAH) was studied in batch and continuous processes. It was found that percentage removals of Pb(II) depend on the pH and the initial lead concentrations. The Pb(II) uptake process was maximum at pH 5 in a range concentrations of 5-25 mg L(-1). The overall sorption process was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model under conditions of pH 5 (0.1 g adsorbent per 100 mL of contaminated solution) 0.001 mass/volume ratio and 25 degrees C. The sorption capacity of lead(II) onto DOAH in batch process was 5.00, 8.02, 11.59, 15.23 and 20.07 mg g(-1), when the concentration solutions were 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg L(-1) respectively. These values are lower than obtained in continuous process, where lead was removed by 95% and the experimental results were appropriately fitted by the Yoon-Nelson model. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides information regarding the interactions between lead ions and the adsorbent surface indicating that the formation of 2 complexes depends on the functional groups associated.
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