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Ramírez GA, Bar-Shalom R, Furlan A, Romeo R, Gavagnin M, Calabrese G, Garber AI, Steindler L. Bacterial aerobic methane cycling by the marine sponge-associated microbiome. Microbiome 2023; 11:49. [PMID: 36899421 PMCID: PMC9999580 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methanotrophy by the sponge-hosted microbiome has been mainly reported in the ecological context of deep-sea hydrocarbon seep niches where methane is either produced geothermically or via anaerobic methanogenic archaea inhabiting the sulfate-depleted sediments. However, methane-oxidizing bacteria from the candidate phylum Binatota have recently been described and shown to be present in oxic shallow-water marine sponges, where sources of methane remain undescribed. RESULTS Here, using an integrative -omics approach, we provide evidence for sponge-hosted bacterial methane synthesis occurring in fully oxygenated shallow-water habitats. Specifically, we suggest methane generation occurs via at least two independent pathways involving methylamine and methylphosphonate transformations that, concomitantly to aerobic methane production, generate bioavailable nitrogen and phosphate, respectively. Methylphosphonate may be sourced from seawater continuously filtered by the sponge host. Methylamines may also be externally sourced or, alternatively, generated by a multi-step metabolic process where carnitine, derived from sponge cell debris, is transformed to methylamine by different sponge-hosted microbial lineages. Finally, methanotrophs specialized in pigment production, affiliated to the phylum Binatota, may provide a photoprotective function, closing a previously undescribed C1-metabolic loop that involves both the sponge host and specific members of the associated microbial community. CONCLUSION Given the global distribution of this ancient animal lineage and their remarkable water filtration activity, sponge-hosted methane cycling may affect methane supersaturation in oxic coastal environments. Depending on the net balance between methane production and consumption, sponges may serve as marine sources or sinks of this potent greenhouse gas. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Ramírez
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rinat Bar-Shalom
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrea Furlan
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roberto Romeo
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michelle Gavagnin
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gianluca Calabrese
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arkadiy I Garber
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Laura Steindler
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
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Andreu S, von Kobbe C, Delgado P, Ripa I, Buzón MJ, Genescà M, Gironès N, del Moral-Salmoral J, Ramírez GA, Zúñiga S, Enjuanes L, López-Guerrero JA, Bello-Morales R. Dextran sulfate from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B512F exerts potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1185504. [PMID: 37206325 PMCID: PMC10189130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1185504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergent human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its resistance to current drugs makes the need for new potent treatments for COVID-19 patients strongly necessary. Dextran sulfate (DS) polysaccharides have long demonstrated antiviral activity against different enveloped viruses in vitro. However, their poor bioavailability has led to their abandonment as antiviral candidates. Here, we report for the first time the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of a DS-based extrapolymeric substance produced by the lactic acid bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides B512F. Time of addition assays with SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses in in vitro models confirm the inhibitory activity of DSs in the early stages of viral infection (viral entry). In addition, this exopolysaccharide substance also reports broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, HCoV229E, HSV-1, in in vitro models and in human lung tissue. The toxicity and antiviral capacity of DS from L. mesenteroides was tested in vivo in mouse models which are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The described DS, administered by inhalation, a new route of administration for these types of polymers, shows strong inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo, significantly reducing animal mortality and morbidity at non-toxic doses. Therefore, we suggest that it may be considered as a potential candidate for antiviral therapy against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Andreu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Sabina Andreu
| | - Cayetano von Kobbe
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Ripa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Buzón
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Gironès
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier del Moral-Salmoral
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Zúñiga
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Bello-Morales
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Weinroth MD, Oakley B, Ramírez GA, Reyes A, Harris CE, Buhr RJ. 16S rRNA gene-based assessment of common broiler chicken sampling methods: Evaluating intra-flock sample size, cecal pair similarity, and cloacal swab similarity to other alimentary tract locations. Front Physiol 2022; 13:996654. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.996654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
16S rRNA gene sequencing for characterization of microbiomes has become more common in poultry research and can be used to both answer specific research questions and help inform experimental design choices. The objective of this study was to use 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine common sampling practices in broiler chicken studies such as: the required number of birds selected from a flock to adequately capture microbiome diversity, the differences between cecal pairs within the same bird, and whether cloacal swabs are representative of other alimentary tract (AT) locations. To do this, nine market age broilers were euthanized and immediately sampled in ten AT locations: crop, gizzard, proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecal samples from each pouch, colon, and cloacal swab. DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Each location within the broiler AT hosts distinct microbial communities. When each sampling location was considered, it was found that sampling after 2.8 birds (range 2–4) resulted in less than 10% new amplicon sequencing variants (ASV) being added while sampling after 7.6 birds (range 6–10) increases new observed ASVs by less than 1%. Additionally, when cecal pairs from the same bird were evaluated, it was found that cecal pair mates are an adequate replication if interested in the total cecal microbiome but may be less useful if a rare lineage is of interest. Furthermore, when compared to other AT locations, the cecal microbiome was enriched in Firmicutes and Bacteroides while several lineages, most notably Lactobacillus, were under-represented. Finally, when cloacal swabs were compared to other AT locations, community similarity exhibited a direct distance relationship, i.e., the more aborad samples were the more similar they were to the swab. These findings indicate that while cloacal swabs can approximate overall changes in microbiome composition, they are not adequate for inferring changes to specific taxa in other parts of the AT tract—even those that are highly abundant within the microbial community. These data provide new insights guiding appropriate sample size selection within flocks and add to the consensus data regarding cecal pair similarity and destructive versus non-destructive sampling methods.
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Sarri L, Balcells J, Seradj AR, Pena RN, Ramírez GA, Tor M, de la Fuente G. Age Evolution of Lipid Accretion Rate in Boars Selected for Lean Meat and Duroc Barrows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141868. [PMID: 35883414 PMCID: PMC9312254 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) deposition in growing–fattening pigs is mainly based on endogenous lipid synthesis, but also direct FA incorporation from the diet. To evaluate the direct fat incorporation rates and the endogenous desaturation action of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) enzyme, a deuterium (D)-labeled saturated FA (d35-C18:0) was added to the diet. Sixteen three-way (3W) crossbred boars, and thirty-two purebred Duroc barrows homozygous for the SCD single nucleotide polymorphism rs80912566 (16 CC/16 TT), were used. Half of the animals of each genotype belonged to the growing and fattening phases. The fractional incorporation rate (FIR) of dietary fat in growing pigs was generally higher in adipose tissues, whereas in fattening pigs it was higher in the liver. Duroc pigs exhibited lower FIRs than 3W pigs, suggesting lower rates of endogenous synthesis by 3W pigs. Real fractional unsaturation rates (FURs) increased with age by the higher FIRs in 3W pigs and the de novo synthesis pathway in Duroc genotypes. Moreover, pigs carrying the SCD_T allele showed more enhanced oleic acid biosynthesis than Duroc CC pigs. In conclusion, suitable feeding protocols should be designed for each pig type to optimize production traits, considering that the metabolic pathway of FA for its deposition may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Tor
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-3702890
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Poveda-Urkixo I, Ramírez GA, Grilló MJ. Kinetics of Placental Infection by Different Smooth Brucella Strains in Mice. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030279. [PMID: 35335603 PMCID: PMC8955611 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abortion and reproductive failures induced by Brucella are the main symptoms of animal brucellosis. Laboratory animal models are essential tools of research to study the Brucella pathogenesis before experimentation in natural hosts. To extend the existing knowledge, we studied B. melitensis 16M (virulent) and Rev1 (attenuated) as well as B. suis bv2 infections in pregnant mice. Here, we report new information about kinetics of infection (in spleens, blood, placentas, vaginal shedding, and foetuses), serum cytokine profiles, and histopathological features in placentas and the litter throughout mice pregnancy. Both B. melitensis strains showed a marked placental tropism and reduced viability of pups (mainly in 16M infections), which was preceded by an intense Th1-immune response during placental development. In contrast, B. suis bv2 displayed lower placental tropism, mild proinflammatory immune response, and scarce bacterial transmission to the litter, thus allowing foetal viability. Overall, our studies revealed three different smooth Brucella patterns of placental and foetal pathogenesis in mice, providing a useful animal model for experimental brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Poveda-Urkixo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain;
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - María-Jesús Grilló
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra), Avda. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Weinroth MD, Belk AD, Dean C, Noyes N, Dittoe DK, Rothrock MJ, Ricke SC, Myer PR, Henniger MT, Ramírez GA, Oakley BB, Summers KL, Miles AM, Ault-Seay TB, Yu Z, Metcalf JL, Wells JE. Considerations and best practices in animal science 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing microbiome studies. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skab346. [PMID: 35106579 PMCID: PMC8807179 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiome studies in animal science using 16S rRNA gene sequencing have become increasingly common in recent years as sequencing costs continue to fall and bioinformatic tools become more powerful and user-friendly. The combination of molecular biology, microbiology, microbial ecology, computer science, and bioinformatics-in addition to the traditional considerations when conducting an animal science study-makes microbiome studies sometimes intimidating due to the intersection of different fields. The objective of this review is to serve as a jumping-off point for those animal scientists less familiar with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analyses and to bring up common issues and concerns that arise when planning an animal microbiome study from design through analysis. This review includes an overview of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, its advantages, and its limitations; experimental design considerations such as study design, sample size, sample pooling, and sample locations; wet lab considerations such as field handing, microbial cell lysis, low biomass samples, library preparation, and sequencing controls; and computational considerations such as identification of contamination, accounting for uneven sequencing depth, constructing diversity metrics, assigning taxonomy, differential abundance testing, and, finally, data availability. In addition to general considerations, we highlight some special considerations by species and sample type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret D Weinroth
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center (USNPRC), Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Aeriel D Belk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
- Joint Institute of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Chris Dean
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Noelle Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center (USNPRC), Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Phillip R Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Madison T Henniger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Gustavo A Ramírez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Brian B Oakley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Katie Lynn Summers
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Asha M Miles
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Taylor B Ault-Seay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica L Metcalf
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| | - James E Wells
- USDA ARS US Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC), Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
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Garber AI, Zehnpfennig JR, Sheik CS, Henson MW, Ramírez GA, Mahon AR, Halanych KM, Learman DR. Metagenomics of Antarctic Marine Sediment Reveals Potential for Diverse Chemolithoautotrophy. mSphere 2021; 6:e0077021. [PMID: 34817234 PMCID: PMC8612310 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00770-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial biogeochemical processes occurring in marine sediment in Antarctica remain underexplored due to limited access. Further, these polar habitats are unique, as they are being exposed to significant changes in their climate. To explore how microbes drive biogeochemistry in these sediments, we performed a shotgun metagenomic survey of marine surficial sediment (0 to 3 cm of the seafloor) collected from 13 locations in western Antarctica and assembled 16 high-quality metagenome assembled genomes for focused interrogation of the lifestyles of some abundant lineages. We observe an abundance of genes from pathways for the utilization of reduced carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen sources. Although organotrophy is pervasive, nitrification and sulfide oxidation are the dominant lithotrophic pathways and likely fuel carbon fixation via the reverse tricarboxylic acid and Calvin cycles. Oxygen-dependent terminal oxidases are common, and genes for reduction of oxidized nitrogen are sporadically present in our samples. Our results suggest that the underlying benthic communities are well primed for the utilization of settling organic matter, which is consistent with findings from highly productive surface water. Despite the genetic potential for nitrate reduction, the net catabolic pathway in our samples remains aerobic respiration, likely coupled to the oxidation of sulfur and nitrogen imported from the highly productive Antarctic water column above. IMPORTANCE The impacts of climate change in polar regions, like Antarctica, have the potential to alter numerous ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. Increasing temperature and freshwater runoff from melting ice can have profound impacts on the cycling of organic and inorganic nutrients between the pelagic and benthic ecosystems. Within the benthos, sediment microbial communities play a critical role in carbon mineralization and the cycles of essential nutrients like nitrogen and sulfur. Metagenomic data collected from sediment samples from the continental shelf of western Antarctica help to examine this unique system and document the metagenomic potential for lithotrophic metabolisms and the cycles of both nitrogen and sulfur, which support not only benthic microbes but also life in the pelagic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiy I. Garber
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms for Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Cody S. Sheik
- Biology Department and Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael W. Henson
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
- Department of Marine Biology, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrew R. Mahon
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Halanych
- Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deric R. Learman
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA
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Garber AI, Ramírez GA, McAllister SM, Orsi W, D'Hondt S. Cryptic metabolisms in anoxic subseafloor sediment. Environ Microbiol Rep 2021; 13:696-701. [PMID: 34184398 PMCID: PMC8518782 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial gene expression in anoxic subseafloor sediment was recently explored in the Baltic Sea and the Peru Margin. Our analysis of these data reveals diverse transcripts encoding proteins associated with neutralization of reactive oxygen species, including catalase, which may provide an in situ source of oxygen. We also detect transcripts associated with oxidation of iron and sulfur, and with reduction of arsenate, selenate and nitrate. Given limited input of electron acceptors from outside the system, these results suggest that the microbial communities use an unexpectedly diverse variety of electron acceptors. Products of water radiolysis and their interactions with sediment continuously provide diverse electron acceptors and hydrogen. Cryptic microbial utilization of these oxidized substrates and H2 may be an important mechanism for multi-million-year survival under the extreme energy limitation in subseafloor sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode IslandNarragansettRIUSA
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCAUSA
| | - Sean M. McAllister
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationSeattleWAUSA
| | - William Orsi
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Paleontology and GeobiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunich80333Germany
| | - Steven D'Hondt
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode IslandNarragansettRIUSA
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Garber AI, Cohen AB, Nealson KH, Ramírez GA, Barco RA, Enzingmüller-Bleyl TC, Gehringer MM, Merino N. Metagenomic Insights Into the Microbial Iron Cycle of Subseafloor Habitats. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:667944. [PMID: 34539592 PMCID: PMC8446621 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.667944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial iron cycling influences the flux of major nutrients in the environment (e.g., through the adsorptive capacity of iron oxides) and includes biotically induced iron oxidation and reduction processes. The ecological extent of microbial iron cycling is not well understood, even with increased sequencing efforts, in part due to limitations in gene annotation pipelines and limitations in experimental studies linking phenotype to genotype. This is particularly true for the marine subseafloor, which remains undersampled, but represents the largest contiguous habitat on Earth. To address this limitation, we used FeGenie, a database and bioinformatics tool that identifies microbial iron cycling genes and enables the development of testable hypotheses on the biogeochemical cycling of iron. Herein, we survey the microbial iron cycle in diverse subseafloor habitats, including sediment-buried crustal aquifers, as well as surficial and deep sediments. We inferred the genetic potential for iron redox cycling in 32 of the 46 metagenomes included in our analysis, demonstrating the prevalence of these activities across underexplored subseafloor ecosystems. We show that while some processes (e.g., iron uptake and storage, siderophore transport potential, and iron gene regulation) are near-universal, others (e.g., iron reduction/oxidation, siderophore synthesis, and magnetosome formation) are dependent on local redox and nutrient status. Additionally, we detected niche-specific differences in strategies used for dissimilatory iron reduction, suggesting that geochemical constraints likely play an important role in dictating the dominant mechanisms for iron cycling. Overall, our survey advances the known distribution, magnitude, and potential ecological impact of microbe-mediated iron cycling and utilization in sub-benthic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiy I Garber
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Ashley B Cohen
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth H Nealson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gustavo A Ramírez
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Roman A Barco
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Michelle M Gehringer
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nancy Merino
- Biosciences & Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
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Ramírez GA, Mara P, Sehein T, Wegener G, Chambers CR, Joye SB, Peterson RN, Philippe A, Burgaud G, Edgcomb VP, Teske AP. Environmental factors shaping bacterial, archaeal and fungal community structure in hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256321. [PMID: 34495995 PMCID: PMC8425543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The flanking regions of Guaymas Basin, a young marginal rift basin located in the Gulf of California, are covered with thick sediment layers that are hydrothermally altered due to magmatic intrusions. To explore environmental controls on microbial community structure in this complex environment, we analyzed site- and depth-related patterns of microbial community composition (bacteria, archaea, and fungi) in hydrothermally influenced sediments with different thermal conditions, geochemical regimes, and extent of microbial mats. We compared communities in hot hydrothermal sediments (75-100°C at ~40 cm depth) covered by orange-pigmented Beggiatoaceae mats in the Cathedral Hill area, temperate sediments (25-30°C at ~40 cm depth) covered by yellow sulfur precipitates and filamentous sulfur oxidizers at the Aceto Balsamico location, hot sediments (>115°C at ~40 cm depth) with orange-pigmented mats surrounded by yellow and white mats at the Marker 14 location, and background, non-hydrothermal sediments (3.8°C at ~45 cm depth) overlain with ambient seawater. Whereas bacterial and archaeal communities are clearly structured by site-specific in-situ thermal gradients and geochemical conditions, fungal communities are generally structured by sediment depth. Unexpectedly, chytrid sequence biosignatures are ubiquitous in surficial sediments whereas deeper sediments contain diverse yeasts and filamentous fungi. In correlation analyses across different sites and sediment depths, fungal phylotypes correlate to each other to a much greater degree than Bacteria and Archaea do to each other or to fungi, further substantiating that site-specific in-situ thermal gradients and geochemical conditions that control bacteria and archaea do not extend to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Paraskevi Mara
- Geology and Geophysics Dept., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States of America
| | - Taylor Sehein
- Geology and Geophysics Dept., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States of America
| | - Gunter Wegener
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christopher R. Chambers
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Samantha B. Joye
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Richard N. Peterson
- School of Coastal and Marine Systems Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, United States of America
| | - Aurélie Philippe
- Univ. Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
| | - Gaëtan Burgaud
- Univ. Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
| | - Virginia P. Edgcomb
- Geology and Geophysics Dept., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States of America
| | - Andreas P. Teske
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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11
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Ramírez GA. Comment on "A Short History of the Origins of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology in the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Veterinärpathologen". Vet Pathol 2021; 58:1181. [PMID: 34431399 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Hardas A, Suárez-Bonnet A, Beck S, Becker WE, Ramírez GA, Priestnall SL. Canine Gastric Carcinomas: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study and Similarities with the Human Counterpart. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051409. [PMID: 34069167 PMCID: PMC8156491 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric carcinoma (GC) continues to be one of the leading causes of death in humans and is the most common neoplasm in the stomachs of dogs. In both species, previous studies have demonstrated that the disease is heterogeneous, with genetic and environmental factors playing a quintessential role in disease pathogenesis. Compared to humans, the incidence of gastric carcinoma in dogs is low although, in a small number of breeds, a higher incidence has been reported. In dogs, the etiology and molecular pathways involved remain largely unknown. This retrospective study reviews current signalment data, evaluates the inflammatory component and association with Helicobacter spp. presence in various canine gastric carcinoma histological subtypes, and investigates potential molecular pathways involved in one of the largest study cohorts to date. The benefit of such a comparative study is to highlight the parallel histological features and molecular pathways between dogs and humans. Abstract Canine gastric carcinoma (CGC) affects both sexes in relatively equal proportions, with a mean age of nine years, and the highest frequency in Staffordshire bull terriers. The most common histological subtype in 149 CGC cases was the undifferentiated carcinoma. CGCs were associated with increased chronic inflammation parameters and a greater chronic inflammatory score when Helicobacter spp. were present. Understanding the molecular pathways of gastric carcinoma is challenging. All markers showed variable expression for each subtype. Expression of the cell cycle regulator 14-3-3σ was positive in undifferentiated, tubular and papillary carcinomas. This demonstrates that 14-3-3σ could serve as an immunohistochemical marker in routine diagnosis and that mucinous, papillary and signet-ring cell (SRC) carcinomas follow a 14-3-3σ independent pathway. p16, another cell cycle regulator, showed increased expression in mucinous and SRC carcinomas. Expression of the adhesion molecules E-cadherin and CD44 appear context-dependent, with switching within tumor emboli potentially playing an important role in tumor cell survival, during invasion and metastasis. Within neoplastic emboli, acinar structures lacked expression of all markers, suggesting an independent molecular pathway that requires further investigation. These findings demonstrate similarities and differences between dogs and humans, albeit further clinicopathological data and molecular analysis are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Hardas
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Sam Beck
- VPG Histology, Horfield, Bristol BS7 0BJ, UK;
| | - William E. Becker
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine (ETSEA), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
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13
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Teske A, Amils R, Ramírez GA, Reysenbach AL. Editorial: Archaea in the Environment: Views on Archaeal Distribution, Activity, and Biogeography. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:667596. [PMID: 33776986 PMCID: PMC7994603 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.667596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Teske
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ricardo Amils
- Planetology and Habitability Department, Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo A Ramírez
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Western University of Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA, United States
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14
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Asín J, Ramírez GA, Navarro MA, Nyaoke AC, Henderson EE, Mendonça FS, Molín J, Uzal FA. Nutritional Wasting Disorders in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020501. [PMID: 33671862 PMCID: PMC7918192 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The different ovine production and breeding systems share the cornerstone of keeping a good body condition to ensure adequate productivity. Several infectious and parasitic disorders have detrimental effects on weight gains and may lead to emaciation. Flock health management procedures are aimed to prevent such conditions. Nutritional management is equally important to guarantee adequate body condition. Persistent bouts of low ruminal pH due to excess concentrate in the diet may lead to subacute ruminal acidosis. Pre-stomach motility disorders may also lead to ill-thrift and emaciation. An adequate mineral supplementation is key to prevent the effects of copper, selenium, and other micronutrients deprivation, which may include, among others, loss of condition. This review elaborates on the clinico-pathologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of some of these conditions, and highlights the necessity of considering them as contributors to states of wasting in sheep flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Asín
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.N.); (A.C.N.); (E.E.H.); (F.A.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-751-3314
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Animal Science Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (G.A.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Mauricio A. Navarro
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.N.); (A.C.N.); (E.E.H.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Akinyi C. Nyaoke
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.N.); (A.C.N.); (E.E.H.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Eileen E. Henderson
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.N.); (A.C.N.); (E.E.H.); (F.A.U.)
| | - Fábio S. Mendonça
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, DMFA/UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil;
| | - Jéssica Molín
- Animal Science Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (G.A.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Francisco A. Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (M.A.N.); (A.C.N.); (E.E.H.); (F.A.U.)
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15
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Rodríguez Guisado F, Suárez-Bonnet A, Ramírez GA. Cutaneous Spindle Cell Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cats: Clinical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:503-507. [PMID: 33577428 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820985126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the clinical and pathological characteristics of cutaneous spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (SCSCC) in 18 cats. The average age of the cats was 11.8 ± 2.7 years, and all tumors were located in the facial skin, mainly affecting the pinna (13/18, 72%), followed by the periorbital area (4/18, 22%) and the dorsal muzzle (1/18, 6%). Tumors were composed of fusiform neoplastic cells with moderate atypia arranged in solid sheets or fascicles with foci of squamous differentiation. A panel of antibodies against cytokeratins, vimentin, S-100 protein, NSE, GFAP, Melan A, SMA, desmin, CD18, CD31, and p63 was used to help differentiate SCSCC from other spindle cell malignancies. SCSCCs expressed CK5/6 (17/18, 94%), AE1/AE3 (15/18, 83%), and p63 protein (18/18, 100%), but there was no immunolabeling for CK8/18. A role for sunlight exposure in the pathogenesis of the tumors was suggested by changes indicative of actinic keratosis, the location of the tumors in dorsal areas, and the absence of histomorphologic features of papillomavirus infection. Recurrence was not recorded in 14/18 cases (78%) during a follow-up period of 7 to 25 months. Three of 18 (17%) tumors recurred or led to humane euthanasia due to local progression, and one case (5%) had regional lymph node metastasis. Clinical outcome varied with cutaneous location, mitotic count, and invasion of surgical margins; thus, SCSCCs with a more aggressive behavior were located in the periorbital area (4/4 cases), had ≥14 mitoses in 10 high-power fields (2.37 mm2) (4/4 cases), and showed invasion of surgical margins (3/4 cases).
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16
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Molín J, Vilafranca M, Suárez-Bonnet A, Altimira J, Ramírez GA. Canine Tonsillar Polyps: Characteristics, Classification, and Review of the Pathogenesis. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:136-141. [PMID: 33205702 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820971761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Canine tonsillar polyps are uncommon. We describe 14 tonsillar polyps in dogs and review their classification and pathogenesis. All dogs were adult (3-13 years old). Females (10/14) were more affected than males (4/14). Most of the lesions were asymptomatic (10/14). All lesions were unilateral, pedunculated (9/14), or sessile (5/14), with a smooth (12/14) or papillary/verrucous surface (2/14). Histologically, polyps consisted of benign proliferation of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, and lymphoid tissue in variable proportions, with occasional adipose tissue (4/14). According to the main stromal components, polyps were categorized as lymphangiomatous (5/14), lymphangiolipomatous (2/14), lymphangiofibromatous (2/14), angiofibromatous (1/14), angiofibrolipomatous (1/14), lymphoid (2/14), and myxomatous (1/14). As the pathogenesis of these polyps remains unclear, we propose to replace the term inflammatory tonsillar polyp by a morphological diagnosis based on the stromal characteristics of the lesions. Simple surgical excision was curative in the 9 cases with available follow-up information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miquel Vilafranca
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Histopatológico Histovet, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Altimira
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Histopatológico Histovet, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Ramírez GA, Richardson E, Clark J, Keshri J, Drechsler Y, Berrang ME, Meinersmann RJ, Cox NA, Oakley BB. Broiler chickens and early life programming: Microbiome transplant-induced cecal community dynamics and phenotypic effects. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242108. [PMID: 33186366 PMCID: PMC7665843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of successional trajectories describes how small differences in initial community composition can magnify through time and lead to significant differences in mature communities. For many animals, the types and sources of early-life exposures to microbes have been shown to have significant and long-lasting effects on the community structure and/or function of the microbiome. In modern commercial poultry production, chicks are reared as a single age cohort and do not directly encounter adult birds. This scenario is likely to initiate a trajectory of microbial community development that is significantly different than non-industrial settings where chicks are exposed to a much broader range of environmental and fecal inocula; however, the comparative effects of these two scenarios on microbiome development and function remain largely unknown. In this work, we performed serial transfers of cecal material through multiple generations of birds to first determine if serial transfers exploiting the ceca in vivo, rather than the external environment or artificial incubations, can produce a stable microbial community. Subsequently, we compared microbiome development between chicks receiving this passaged, i.e. host-selected, cecal material orally, versus an environmental inoculum, to test the hypothesis that the first exposure of newly hatched chicks to microbes determines early GI microbiome structure and may have longer-lasting effects on bird health and development. Cecal microbiome dynamics and bird weights were tracked for a two-week period, with half of the birds in each treatment group exposed to a pathogen challenge at 7 days of age. We report that: i) a relatively stable community was derived after a single passage of transplanted cecal material, ii) this cecal inoculum significantly but ephemerally altered community structure relative to the environmental inoculum and PBS controls, and iii) either microbiome transplant administered at day-of-hatch appeared to have some protective effects against pathogen challenge relative to uninoculated controls. Differentially abundant taxa identified across treatment types may inform future studies aimed at identifying strains associated with beneficial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Ramírez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences,
Pomona, CA, United States of America
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Ella Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences,
Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Jory Clark
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences,
Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Jitendra Keshri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences,
Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Yvonne Drechsler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences,
Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Berrang
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Poultry Center, Athens, GA,
United States of America
| | - Richard J. Meinersmann
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Poultry Center, Athens, GA,
United States of America
| | - Nelson A. Cox
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Poultry Center, Athens, GA,
United States of America
| | - Brian B. Oakley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences,
Pomona, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Ramírez GA, McKay LJ, Fields MW, Buckley A, Mortera C, Hensen C, Ravelo AC, Teske AP. The Guaymas Basin Subseafloor Sedimentary Archaeome Reflects Complex Environmental Histories. iScience 2020; 23:101459. [PMID: 32861995 PMCID: PMC7476861 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore archaeal distributions in sedimentary subseafloor habitats of Guaymas Basin and the adjacent Sonora Margin, located in the Gulf of California, México. Sampling locations include (1) control sediments without hydrothermal or seep influence, (2) Sonora Margin sediments underlying oxygen minimum zone water, (3) compacted, highly reduced sediments from a pressure ridge with numerous seeps at the base of the Sonora Margin, and (4) sediments impacted by hydrothermal circulation at the off-axis Ringvent site. Generally, archaeal communities largely comprise Bathyarchaeal lineages, members of the Hadesarchaea, MBG-D, TMEG, and ANME-1 groups. Variations in archaeal community composition reflect locally specific environmental challenges. Background sediments are divided into surface and subsurface niches. Overall, the environmental setting and history of a particular site, not isolated biogeochemical properties out of context, control the subseafloor archaeal communities in Guaymas Basin and Sonora Margin sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Luke J. McKay
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Matthew W. Fields
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Andrew Buckley
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carlos Mortera
- Instituto de Geofisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México
| | | | - Ana Christina Ravelo
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Andreas P. Teske
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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19
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Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Ramírez GA, Molín J, Jaber JR. Aberrant Expression of Cell Cycle Regulator 14-3-3-σ and E-Cadherin in a Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma in a Vervet Monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). J Comp Pathol 2020; 179:25-30. [PMID: 32958143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a unique case of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with concurrent abdominal cestodiasis in an African green monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) that presented with respiratory insufficiency and abdominal discomfort. There were multiple white-grey masses in the liver and colonic serosa alongside intra-abdominal parasitic cysts. Histopathologically, the liver masses were composed of poorly-differentiated epithelial cells that formed densely cellular solid areas and trabeculae. The neoplastic cells were strongly immunopositive for CK7 but negative for Hep-Par1 antigen, which confirmed a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Interestingly, there was strong and diffuse neoexpression in the tumour of the cell cycle regulator 14-3-3σ, which is not constitutively expressed in normal liver. There was aberrantly strong expression of E-cadherin, a key cell-cell adhesion protein, in neoplastic cells with evidence of cytoplasmic internalization. This is the first immunohistochemical analysis of 14-3-3σ and E-cadherin in a liver neoplasm in an animal species and the use of these markers requires further investigation in animal liver neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
| | - S L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - G A Ramírez
- Department of Animal Science, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - J Molín
- Department of Animal Science, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - J R Jaber
- Morphology Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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20
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Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Ramírez GA, González-Sánchez C, Jaber JR. Scent (Apocrine) Gland Adenocarcinoma in a Wedge-Capped Capuchin Monkey (Cebus olivaceus): Histological and Immunohistochemical Features. J Comp Pathol 2020; 179:1-6. [PMID: 32958142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In humans, apocrine gland tumours encompass a heterogeneous group of uncommon neoplasms with varied and unpredictable biological behaviour. They can be slow-growing lesions, recur after excision, produce lymph node metastasis in up to 50% of cases or lead to tumour-related death. We document a malignant scent adenocarcinoma in a wedge-capped capuchin monkey (Cebus olivaceus). Immunohistochemical labelling revealed complete absence of myoepithelial cells, a finding usually considered a hallmark of malignancy in humans; however, after a 2-year follow-up, the neoplasm had not recurred. This is the first detailed report of the pathology of a spontaneous scent (apocrine) gland adenocarcinoma in a non-human primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - S L Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - G A Ramírez
- Department of Animal Science, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - C González-Sánchez
- Hospital Perpetuo Socorro, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J R Jaber
- Morphology Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
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21
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Ramírez GA, Sánchez-Salguero X, Molín J. Primary Cystic Lymphangioma of the Spleen in an Adult Dog. J Comp Pathol 2020; 178:22-26. [PMID: 32800104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative disorders of lymphatic origin in animals are mostly congenital or occur within the first few months of life. Involvement of internal organs is extremely infrequent. A seven-year-old entire female mixed-breed dog was presented with apathy and poor appetite. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a focally enlarged spleen with an anechoic round lesion. Splenectomy was performed and pathological examination demonstrated a sponge-like, compressible tumour composed of endothelium-lined vascular cystic spaces filled with eosinophilic proteinaceous material lacking erythrocytes. Immunohistochemical stains showed that cyst-lining cells were strongly positive for CD31 and factor VIII and focally positive for lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1). Based on these findings, the lesion was identified as splenic cystic lymphangioma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of solitary lymphangioma of the spleen in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ramírez
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine (ETSEA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - X Sánchez-Salguero
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine (ETSEA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - J Molín
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine (ETSEA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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22
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Teske A, McKay LJ, Ravelo AC, Aiello I, Mortera C, Núñez-Useche F, Canet C, Chanton JP, Brunner B, Hensen C, Ramírez GA, Sibert RJ, Turner T, White D, Chambers CR, Buckley A, Joye SB, Soule SA, Lizarralde D. Characteristics and Evolution of sill-driven off-axis hydrothermalism in Guaymas Basin - the Ringvent site. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13847. [PMID: 31554864 PMCID: PMC6761151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Guaymas Basin spreading center, at 2000 m depth in the Gulf of California, is overlain by a thick sedimentary cover. Across the basin, localized temperature anomalies, with active methane venting and seep fauna exist in response to magma emplacement into sediments. These sites evolve over thousands of years as magma freezes into doleritic sills and the system cools. Although several cool sites resembling cold seeps have been characterized, the hydrothermally active stage of an off-axis site was lacking good examples. Here, we present a multidisciplinary characterization of Ringvent, an ~1 km wide circular mound where hydrothermal activity persists ~28 km northwest of the spreading center. Ringvent provides a new type of intermediate-stage hydrothermal system where off-axis hydrothermal activity has attenuated since its formation, but remains evident in thermal anomalies, hydrothermal biota coexisting with seep fauna, and porewater biogeochemical signatures indicative of hydrothermal circulation. Due to their broad potential distribution, small size and limited life span, such sites are hard to find and characterize, but they provide critical missing links to understand the complex evolution of hydrothermal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Teske
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Luke J McKay
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, USA.,Montana State University, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Bozeman, USA
| | - Ana Christina Ravelo
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Department of Ocean Sciences, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Ivano Aiello
- San Jose State University, Moss Landing Marine Laboratory, Moss Landing, USA
| | - Carlos Mortera
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carles Canet
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jeffrey P Chanton
- Florida State University, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Benjamin Brunner
- The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Geological Sciences, El Paso, USA
| | | | - Gustavo A Ramírez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Ryan J Sibert
- University of Georgia, Department of Marine Sciences, Athens, USA
| | - Tiffany Turner
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Dylan White
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Christopher R Chambers
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Andrew Buckley
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Samantha B Joye
- University of Georgia, Department of Marine Sciences, Athens, USA
| | - S Adam Soule
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Geology & Geophysics Department, Woods Hole, USA
| | - Daniel Lizarralde
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Geology & Geophysics Department, Woods Hole, USA
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23
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Ramírez GA, Garber AI, Lecoeuvre A, D’Angelo T, Wheat CG, Orcutt BN. Ecology of Subseafloor Crustal Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1983. [PMID: 31551949 PMCID: PMC6736579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The crustal subseafloor is the least explored and largest biome on Earth. Interrogating crustal life is difficult due to habitat inaccessibility, low-biomass and contamination challenges. Subseafloor observatories have facilitated the study of planktonic life in crustal aquifers, however, studies of life in crust-attached biofilms are rare. Here, we investigate biofilms grown on various minerals at different temperatures over 1-6 years at subseafloor observatories in the Eastern Pacific. To mitigate potential sequence contamination, we developed a new bioinformatics tool - TaxonSluice. We explore ecological factors driving community structure and potential function of biofilms by comparing our sequence data to previous amplicon and metagenomic surveys of this habitat. We reveal that biofilm community structure is driven by temperature rather than minerology, and that rare planktonic lineages colonize the crustal biofilms. Based on 16S rRNA gene overlap, we partition metagenome assembled genomes into planktonic and biofilm fractions and suggest that there are functional differences between these community types, emphasizing the need to separately examine each to accurately describe subseafloor microbe-rock-fluid processes. Lastly, we report that some rare lineages present in our warm and anoxic study site are also found in cold and oxic crustal fluids in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, suggesting global crustal biogeography patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United States
| | - Arkadiy I. Garber
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Aurélien Lecoeuvre
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United States
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Brest, France
| | - Timothy D’Angelo
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United States
| | - C. Geoffrey Wheat
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Beth N. Orcutt
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United States
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24
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Ramírez GA, Jørgensen SL, Zhao R, D'Hondt S. Minimal Influence of Extracellular DNA on Molecular Surveys of Marine Sedimentary Communities. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2969. [PMID: 30564217 PMCID: PMC6288230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA has been reported to comprise a large fraction of total DNA in near-seafloor sediment. However, the potential effect of extracellular DNA, arising from dead or moribund cells, on sequencing surveys is a critical concern that has largely not been addressed for marine sedimentary habitats. To address this concern, we interrogated freshly collected Arctic and Pacific sediment for extracellular 16S rRNA genes using the photoactive DNA-binding dye Propidium Monoazide. Significant differences between relative abundances of total (intracellular + extracellular) Bacterial 16S rRNA genes and relative abundances of intracellular Bacterial 16S rRNA genes are only detected in three of twelve shallow [10 cm below seafloor (cmbsf)] samples. Relative abundances of total Bacterial 16S rRNA genes are statistically indistinguishable from relative abundances of intracellular Bacterial 16S rRNA genes in all interrogated samples from depths greater than 10 cmbsf. 16S rRNA gene sequencing shows that even where significantly higher abundances of extracellular genes are detected, they have little or no influence on prokaryote community composition. Taxon-level analyses suggest that extracellular DNA, arising from in situ death, may be sourced from different organisms in sediment of different ages. However, the overall effect of extracellular genes on sequencing surveys of marine sedimentary prokaryotes is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Ramírez
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United States
| | - Steffen L Jørgensen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rui Zhao
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven D'Hondt
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, United States
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25
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Ramírez GA, de Los Monteros AE. Study on the Role of Histochemical Stains in Identifying Merkel Cells in Dogs. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:1458-1464. [PMID: 30378297 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cells (MCs) are neuroendocrine cells involved with tactile sense, growth, differentiation, and homeostasis of the skin as well as in different cutaneous diseases. Specific staining techniques are required for their identification because they are not easily visible in paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The present study assess the histochemical features of the MCs in dogs comparing with those described for other mammals in the literature and with the use of immunohistochemistry. A systematic study of samples from MCs-rich areas from healthy dogs was carried out by use of several histologic stains, including metachromatic staining, silver stains, methylene blue, periodic acid-Schiff stain, and osmium-based staining method. MCs were detected by the Grimelius argyrophilic stain in 86.7% of the specimens. The staining was showed as dark-brown granular cytoplasmic and consistently polarized to the basal cell cytoplasm matching with the cellular distribution of the characteristic neurosecretory granules. Some modifications in the standard staining protocol, including rinsing, silver reimpregnation, and counterstain dye, enhanced the MCs identification in stratified squamous epithelium. When compared with Cytokeratin 20-immunolabeled serial sections several MCs appeared nonstained with the argyrophilic method. These differences in MC numbers between stains were statistically significant. Other histologic stains failed to identify MCs in the specimens. The results of this study indicate that Grimelius argyrophilic stain is a suitable method for demonstration of MCs in the stratified squamous epithelium of skin and mucosa. Discussion on its utility when compared with immunohistochemistry and a review of the scientific literature is also presented. Anat Rec, 302:1458-1464, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Ramírez
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine (ETSEA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Antonio Espinosa de Los Monteros
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones, Las Palmas, Spain
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26
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Ramírez GA, Rodríguez F, Suárez-Bonnet A, Herráez P, Castro-Alonso A, Rivero M, Espinosa de los Monteros A. Study of Merkel cells in the dog through the immunohistochemical expression of five different commercial antibodies: comparative analysis. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1322089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary College, ETSEA, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Pedro Herráez
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Ayoze Castro-Alonso
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Miguel Rivero
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Antonio Espinosa de los Monteros
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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27
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Ramírez GA, Ressel L, Altimira J, Vilafranca M. Mandibular odontogenic sarcoma (ameloblastic fibrodentinosarcoma) in an aged cat - Short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2017; 65:89-95. [PMID: 28244329 DOI: 10.1556/004.2017.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 13-year-old male cat presented with an ill-defined mass in the rostral mandible causing destruction and loss of alveolar bone. Microscopically, the mass consisted of cords or islands of benign odontogenic epithelium and a malignant, pleomorphic spindle-shaped cell component with dysplastic dentine formation. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic mesenchymal cells proved to be strongly positive for vimentin and negative for cytokeratins, desmin, actin and S100 protein; the Ki67 proliferation index was high. Morphological and immunohistochemical features largely overlap those reported for ameloblastic fibrodentinosarcoma, an uncommon histologic subtype of odontogenic sarcoma recognised in humans but no reported previously in animals. Ki-67 expression assessment may help to discriminate between malignant and benign forms of odontogenic tumours but the final diagnosis is mainly morphological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Ramírez
- 1 HISTOVET Veterinary Diagnostic Service, Avda. Països Catalans, 12D, 08192 Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- 2Section of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jaume Altimira
- 1 HISTOVET Veterinary Diagnostic Service, Avda. Països Catalans, 12D, 08192 Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Vilafranca
- 1 HISTOVET Veterinary Diagnostic Service, Avda. Països Catalans, 12D, 08192 Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Barco RA, Hoffman CL, Ramírez GA, Toner BM, Edwards KJ, Sylvan JB. In-situincubation of iron-sulfur mineral reveals a diverse chemolithoautotrophic community and a new biogeochemical role forThiomicrospira. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1322-1337. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Barco
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Colleen L. Hoffman
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; St. Paul MN USA
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Brandy M. Toner
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; St. Paul MN USA
- Department of Soil; Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities; St. Paul MN USA
| | - Katrina J. Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Jason B. Sylvan
- Department of Oceanography; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
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29
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Ramírez GA, Hoffman CL, Lee MD, Lesniewski RA, Barco RA, Garber A, Toner BM, Wheat CG, Edwards KJ, Orcutt BN. Assessing Marine Microbial Induced Corrosion at Santa Catalina Island, California. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1679. [PMID: 27826293 PMCID: PMC5078718 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High iron and eutrophic conditions are reported as environmental factors leading to accelerated low-water corrosion, an enhanced form of near-shore microbial induced corrosion. To explore this hypothesis, we deployed flow-through colonization systems in laboratory-based aquarium tanks under a continuous flow of surface seawater from Santa Catalina Island, CA, USA, for periods of 2 and 6 months. Substrates consisted of mild steel – a major constituent of maritime infrastructure – and the naturally occurring iron sulfide mineral pyrite. Four conditions were tested: free-venting “high-flux” conditions; a “stagnant” condition; an “active” flow-through condition with seawater slowly pumped over the substrates; and an “enrichment” condition where the slow pumping of seawater was supplemented with nutrient rich medium. Electron microscopy analyses of the 2-month high flux incubations document coating of substrates with “twisted stalks,” resembling iron oxyhydroxide bioprecipitates made by marine neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB). Six-month incubations exhibit increased biofilm and substrate corrosion in the active flow and nutrient enriched conditions relative to the stagnant condition. A scarcity of twisted stalks was observed for all 6 month slow-flow conditions compared to the high-flux condition, which may be attributable to oxygen concentrations in the slow-flux conditions being prohibitively low for sustained growth of stalk-producing bacteria. All substrates developed microbial communities reflective of the original seawater input, as based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Deltaproteobacteria sequences increased in relative abundance in the active flow and nutrient enrichment conditions, whereas Gammaproteobacteria sequences were relatively more abundant in the stagnant condition. These results indicate that (i) high-flux incubations with higher oxygen availability favor the development of biofilms with twisted stalks resembling those of marine neutrophilic FeOB and (ii) long-term nutrient stimulation results in substrate corrosion and biofilms with different bacterial community composition and structure relative to stagnant and non-nutritionally enhanced incubations. Similar microbial succession scenarios, involving increases in nutritional input leading to the proliferation of anaerobic iron and sulfur-cycling guilds, may occur at the nearby Port of Los Angeles and cause potential damage to maritime port infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Ramírez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Colleen L Hoffman
- Department of Earth Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis MN, USA
| | - Michael D Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Ryan A Lesniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Roman A Barco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Arkadiy Garber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Brandy M Toner
- Department of Earth Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, MinneapolisMN, USA; Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. PaulMN, USA
| | - Charles G Wheat
- Global Undersea Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Moss Landing CA, USA
| | - Katrina J Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Beth N Orcutt
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay ME, USA
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30
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Ramírez GA, Rodríguez F, Quesada Ó, Herráez P, Fernández A, Espinosa-de-los-Monteros A. Anatomical Mapping and Density of Merkel Cells in Skin and Mucosae of the Dog. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1157-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones; Arucas Las Palmas 45413 Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones; Arucas Las Palmas 45413 Spain
| | - Óscar Quesada
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones; Arucas Las Palmas 45413 Spain
| | - Pedro Herráez
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones; Arucas Las Palmas 45413 Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones; Arucas Las Palmas 45413 Spain
| | - Antonio Espinosa-de-los-Monteros
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones; Arucas Las Palmas 45413 Spain
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31
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de la Fe C, Rodríguez JM, Ramírez GA, Hervás J, Gil J, Poveda JB. Sudden Death Associated with Clostridium sordellii in Captive Lions (Panthera leo). Vet Pathol 2016; 43:370-4. [PMID: 16672587 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-3-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the spring of 2003, a series of sudden deaths in a group of adult lions ( Panthera leo) with a previous history of depression, inanition, and lethargy, was investigated. Five animals died within 24 to 36 hours after onset of signs of disease. Serologic screening for viral disease detection was negative, evidence of parasites was not detected, and results of a complete blood count and serum biochemical analysis were within reference intervals in all lions. The most relevant lesions observed were multiple areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in the intestinal outer muscular layer, and cellulitis with an intense bloody edema in the mesenteric and the pericardial fat tissue. On the basis of the fulminant course of the disease, the gross and histologic findings, and the isolation and identification of Clostridium sordellii, a diagnosis of infectious myositis and cellulitis associated with acute clostridiosis was made. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of sudden death associated with C. sordellii in felines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de la Fe
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas (Spain).
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32
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Baquiran JPM, Ramírez GA, Haddad AG, Toner BM, Hulme S, Wheat CG, Edwards KJ, Orcutt BN. Temperature and Redox Effect on Mineral Colonization in Juan de Fuca Ridge Flank Subsurface Crustal Fluids. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:396. [PMID: 27064928 PMCID: PMC4815438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine microbe-mineral interactions in subsurface oceanic crust, we evaluated microbial colonization on crustal minerals that were incubated in borehole fluids for 1 year at the seafloor wellhead of a crustal borehole observatory (IODP Hole U1301A, Juan de Fuca Ridge flank) as compared to an experiment that was not exposed to subsurface crustal fluids (at nearby IODP Hole U1301B). In comparison to previous studies at these same sites, this approach allowed assessment of the effects of temperature, fluid chemistry, and/or mineralogy on colonization patterns of different mineral substrates, and an opportunity to verify the approach of deploying colonization experiments at an observatory wellhead at the seafloor instead of within the borehole. The Hole U1301B deployment did not have biofilm growth, based on microscopy and DNA extraction, thereby confirming the integrity of the colonization design against bottom seawater intrusion. In contrast, the Hole U1301A deployment supported biofilms dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria (43.5% of 370 16S rRNA gene clone sequences) and Gammaproteobacteria (29.3%). Sequence analysis revealed overlap in microbial communities between different minerals incubated at the Hole U1301A wellhead, indicating that mineralogy did not separate biofilm structure within the 1-year colonization experiment. Differences in the Hole U1301A wellhead biofilm community composition relative to previous studies from within the borehole using similar mineral substrates suggest that temperature and the diffusion of dissolved oxygen through plastic components influenced the mineral colonization experiments positioned at the wellhead. This highlights the capacity of low abundance crustal fluid taxa to rapidly establish communities on diverse mineral substrates under changing environmental conditions such as from temperature and oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul M Baquiran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo A Ramírez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amanda G Haddad
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brandy M Toner
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Samuel Hulme
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Charles G Wheat
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Katrina J Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beth N Orcutt
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences East Boothbay, ME, USA
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33
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Ramírez GA, Rodríguez F, Herráez P, Castro-Alonso A, Andrada M, Espinosa-de-los-Monteros A. Ultrastructural characterization of normal Merkel cells in the dog. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:328-33, e68-9. [PMID: 26174874 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involvement of Merkel cells (MKs) in different cutaneous diseases as well as in the growth, differentiation and homeostasis of the skin has been previously documented. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The aim was to assess the ultrastructural features of MKs in canine skin, including morphometrics, highlighting their similarities with and differences from those described for other mammals. ANIMALS Hard palate, nasal planum, lower lip and whisker pad samples were taken from two healthy young dogs destined for academic purposes. METHODS Ultrathin sections of samples fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon 812 resin were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined using a JEOL JEM 2010 transmission electron microscope. RESULTS Ultrastructural characteristics included the following: (i) arrangement in clusters in the basal layer of the epidermis, oral mucosa and external follicular root sheath; (ii) inconstant link with nerve terminal; (iii) oval (10.27 ± 1.64 μm major axis) cell shape with large lobulated nuclei (5.98 ± 1.16 μm major axis); (iv) spine-like and thick cytoplasmic processes interdigitating with surrounding keratinocytes; (v) presence of desmosomes in the cell body or at the base of spine-like processes attaching to neighbouring keratinocytes; and (vi) cytoplasm containing loosely arranged intermediate filaments (10.04 ± 1.17 nm) and numerous dense-core granules (100.1 ± 17.12 nm) arranged in the basal portion of the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study provides the first complete description of the ultrastructural characteristics of MKs in the dog, enhancing our knowledge of the skin structure in this species and providing a basis for future physiological and pathological studies of the role of these cells in normal and damaged canine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Ramírez
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones, Arucas, Las Palmas, 45413, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones, Arucas, Las Palmas, 45413, Spain
| | - Pedro Herráez
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones, Arucas, Las Palmas, 45413, Spain
| | - Ayoze Castro-Alonso
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones, Arucas, Las Palmas, 45413, Spain
| | - Marisa Andrada
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones, Arucas, Las Palmas, 45413, Spain
| | - Antonio Espinosa-de-los-Monteros
- Unit of Histology and Veterinary Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary College, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones, Arucas, Las Palmas, 45413, Spain
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Roca-Ferrer J, Rodríguez E, Ramírez GA, Moragas C, Sala M. A Rare Case of Polyorchidism in a Cat with Four Intra-abdominal Testes. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 50:172-6. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Roca-Ferrer
- Centre Veterinari Bonavista; Cornella de Llobregat; Catalonia Spain
| | - E Rodríguez
- Centre Veterinari Bonavista; Cornella de Llobregat; Catalonia Spain
| | - GA Ramírez
- Centre Veterinari Bonavista; Cornella de Llobregat; Catalonia Spain
| | - C Moragas
- Centre Veterinari Bonavista; Cornella de Llobregat; Catalonia Spain
| | - M Sala
- Centre Veterinari Bonavista; Cornella de Llobregat; Catalonia Spain
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Quesada-Canales O, Suárez-Bonnet A, Ramírez GA, Aguirre-Sanceledonio M, Andrada M, Rivero M, Espinosa de Los Monteros A. Adrenohepatic fusion in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:314-7. [PMID: 23651693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe two cases of adrenohepatic fusion (AHF) in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). This condition is defined as the union of hepatic tissue with the adrenal gland with close fusion of the respective parenchymal cells and lack of a fibrous capsule between the two cell populations. AHF is believed to be a congenital anomaly caused by failure of retroperitoneal mesenchyme to stimulate capsule formation, promoting the fusion of the structures. Two male domestic ferrets had a mass adherent to the liver, comprising adrenal gland with areas of fusion between the liver parenchyma and adrenal cortex. There was no evidence of a capsule separating the hepatic and adrenal cell populations. Clinical signs related to either the liver or adrenal gland were not observed, so this was considered to be an incidental finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Quesada-Canales
- Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Ramírez GA, Peñafiel-Verdú C, Altimira J, García-González B, Vilafranca M. Naturally acquired visceral leishmaniosis in a captive Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus). Vet Pathol 2012; 50:188-90. [PMID: 22692623 DOI: 10.1177/0300985812446155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A high prevalence of leishmaniosis has been reported from an increasing number of domestic and wild mammals around the world. In Australian macropods, Leishmania spp infection has been occasionally described in its cutaneous form only. The purpose of this report is to present a case of fatal visceral leishmaniosis in a captive Bennett's wallaby in Madrid, Spain, which was investigated by detailed macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Histopatológico Histovet, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ramírez GA, Suárez-Bonnet A, Altimira J, Espinosa-de-los-Monteros A, García-González B, Vilafranca M. Intraepidermal glandular carcinoma of the nipple (mammary Paget-like disease) in 2 dogs. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:612-5. [PMID: 21768603 DOI: 10.1177/0300985811414030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammary Paget disease, characterized by diffuse infiltration of the nipple and areolar epidermis by carcinoma cells, develops in 1% to 3% of human mammary carcinomas. The purpose of this article is to present 2 cases of intraepidermal adenocarcinoma that resembled human mammary Paget disease, histologically and immunohistochemically, in dogs with underlying mammary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Histopatológico Histovet, Montserrat 9, 08192 Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ramírez GA, Bañeres A, Suárez-Bonnet A, Altimira J, Gainza L, García B, Vilafranca M. Pathology in practice. Hepatocellular carcinoma with secondary inflammation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010; 236:739-41. [PMID: 20367039 DOI: 10.2460/javma.236.7.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Histopatológico Histovet, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ramírez GA, Altimira J, García B, Fernández M, Vilafranca M. Clinical, histopathological and epidemiological study of canine straelensiosis in the Iberian Peninsula (2003-2007). Vet Dermatol 2009; 20:35-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
This study presents a case of a canine thymolipoma, which is a rare, slow-growing, benign tumor of the thymus composed of mature adipose tissue and thymic tissue. A 9-year-old spayed, female miniature pinscher presented with chronic cough and dyspnoea. Radiology revealed pleural effusion and a mediastinal mass with a fatty appearance. The mass was attached to, and silhouetted, the adjacent pericardium. Microscopically, the mass was composed of adipose tissue with numerous cords and nests of thymic tissue without corticomedullary arrangement. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of this uncommon neoplasm in a dog. The gross and histological findings are similar to those described for thymolipomas in humans. The possible histogenesis for this neoplasia in a dog is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Ramírez
- HISTOVET, Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Histopatológico Veterinario, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ramírez GA, Herráez P, Rodríguez F, Godhino A, Andrada M, Espinosa de los Monteros A. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (malignant schwannoma) in the diaphragm of a goat. J Comp Pathol 2007; 137:137-41. [PMID: 17645892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a malignant schwannoma in the diaphragm of a 2-year-old goat. The immunohistochemical and histological features indicated a diagnosis of malignant schwannoma rather than neurofibrosarcoma. The diaphragm represents an unusual location for neoplasia in both domestic animals and human beings. A possible anatomical origin from the phrenic nerve is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ramírez
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Espinosa de los Monteros A, Millán MY, Ramírez GA, Ordás J, Reymundo C, Martín de las Mulas J. Expression of maspin in mammary gland tumors of the dog. Vet Pathol 2005; 42:250-7. [PMID: 15872371 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-3-250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maspin is a serine protease inhibitor that inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis in human breast cancer and is consistently expressed by mammary myoepithelial cells (MECs). To analyze the value of maspin as a marker of the MEC layer of the normal and tumoral canine mammary gland, the immunohistochemical expression of maspin was studied in formalin-fixed tissues from 55 benign and malignant tumors (40 tumors also contained the surrounding normal mammary gland) using a commercially available monoclonal antibody. Periacinar and periductal MECs of all 40 normal mammary glands were stained by the anti-human maspin monoclonal antibody, and immunoreactivity was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells. In addition, maspin was found in 53 (98%) of the tumors studied, reacting with the MECs in 100% of benign tumors and 93% of malignant tumors and to the epithelial cells of 16% of benign and 73% of malignant tumors. In the MEC compartment, immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm of hypertrophic MECs, fusiform MECs, stellate MECs, rounded (myoepithelial) cells, and chondroblasts. In the epithelial cell compartment, immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm of cells with and without squamous differentiation. Stromal myofibroblasts were unreactive. Maspin appears to be a very sensitive marker of the normal and neoplastic myoepithelium that, contrary to smooth muscle differentiation markers, does not stain stromal myofibroblasts. In addition, a subset of neoplastic epithelial cells reacted with the maspin antibody. The relationship between maspin expression in different cellular compartments of canine mammary carcinomas and the biologic aggressiveness of the disease remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Espinosa de los Monteros
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, Las Palmas 35416, Spain.
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Rodríguez F, Ramírez GA, Sarradell J, Andrada M, Lorenzo H. Immunohistochemical Labelling of Cytokines in Lung Lesions of Pigs Naturally Infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. J Comp Pathol 2004; 130:306-12. [PMID: 15053934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2003.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mh) is the primary agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEN), a chronic respiratory disease endemic to pig farms, and characterized histologically by infiltration of mononuclear cells in airways and prominent hyperplasia of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of PEN, cytokine expression in the lung, with particular attention to the BALT, was examined immunohistochemically in pigs naturally infected with Mh. An increase (P < 0.05) in proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines (especially interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4 and tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, and to a lesser extent IL-1 [alpha and beta] and IL-6) was detected in the BALT, which showed intense lymphoid hyperplasia. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were also detected in the bronchoalveolar exudate of infected pigs, and IL-6 and IL-8 were demonstrated in mononuclear cells of the alveolar septa. The results showed that in Mh infection, macrophage and lymphocyte activation results in the expression of a number of cytokines capable of inducing lung lesions and lymphoreticular hyperplasia of the BALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodríguez
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
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Espinosa de los Monteros A, Hellmén E, Ramírez GA, Herráez P, Rodríguez F, Ordás J, Millán Y, Lara A, Martín de las Mulas J. Lipid-rich carcinomas of the mammary gland in seven dogs: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features. Vet Pathol 2004; 40:718-23. [PMID: 14608030 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-6-718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-rich carcinomas occurred in seven female dogs. Affected dogs were purebred (all but one), intact (all but one), and between 4 and 13 years of age. Five of them had a history of parity, one had pseudopregnancy, and none had received contraceptive steroids. The tumors were single (five cases) or multiple (two cases) well-circumscribed masses of different sizes (varying from 1 to 6 cm in diameter), composed of solid nests and cords of tumor cells separated by a moderate amount of stroma. The tumor cells contained either multiple and small or large and solitary vacuoles that pushed the nucleus to the periphery of the cell (signet-ring cell). A glandular epithelial immunophenotype (cytokeratins 5 and 8 and 8 and 18) was observed in the majority of tumor cells. All tumors lacked both estrogen and progesterone receptors, and five out of seven tumors gave rise to local recurrence and proximal or distant metastases or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Espinosa de los Monteros
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, La Palmas, Spain.
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Jaber JR, Fernández A, Herráez P, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Ramírez GA, García PM, Fernández T, Arbelo M, Pérez J. Cross-reactivity of human and bovine antibodies in striped dolphin paraffin wax-embedded tissues. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003; 96:65-72. [PMID: 14522135 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the cross-reactivity of seven anti-human and one anti-bovine antibodies in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of liver and mesenteric lymph nodes of 13 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Four antibodies (CD3, IgG, lysozyme and S100 protein) reacted with striped dolphin lymph nodes in a similar pattern to that observed in the species of origin. The anti-human MHC class II mAb reacted strongly with macrophages and dendritic-like cells of striped dolphins, whereas a small number of lymphocytes were labelled with this antibody. These antibodies were used to study the immunophenotype of the inflammatory infiltrated in non-specific chronic reactive hepatitis (eight cases) and chronic parasite cholangitis (two cases) and normal liver (three cases) of striped dolphins. Non-specific chronic reactive hepatitis was composed of inflammatory infiltration of CD3+ T lymphocytes and IgG+ plasma cells in portal spaces and hepatic sinusoids. Lymphonodular aggregates observed in chronic parasitic cholangitis showed a cellular distribution similar to that found in lymph node cortex, including the presence of S100+ and MHC class II+ dendritic-like cells in lymphoid follicles and interfollicular areas. This result suggests that those inflammatory infiltrates are highly organised to enhance antigen presentation to B and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Jaber
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canaria, Spain
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Ramírez GA, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Rodríguez F, Weisbrode SE, Jaber JR, Herráez P. Left ventricular outflow tract-right atrial communication (Gerbode type defect) associated with bacterial endocarditis in a dog. Vet Pathol 2003; 40:579-82. [PMID: 12949418 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-5-579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) outflow tract-right atrial (RA) communication associated with bacterial endocarditis is described in a 6-year-old intact male Great Pyrenees dog with a 4- to 5-day history of fever, lethargy, weight loss, severe regenerative anemia, and asplenia. Typical vegetative mural endocardial lesions were observed grossly. Histologic evaluation revealed small gram-negative coccobacilli that were consistent with Bordetella avium-like organisms. These bacteria were associated with severe endocardial inflammation characterized by neutrophilic infiltration, extensive necrosis of endocardium, and fibrin deposition. LV-RA shunt (Gerbode defect) is a rare cardiac defect in humans that can be either congenital or, more rarely, secondary to septic endocarditis, valve replacement procedures, or thoracic trauma. B. avium-like organisms causing septicemia and endocarditis in immunocompromised and asplenic human patients have been described. To our knowledge, no previous descriptions of Gerbode defect associated with bacterial endocarditis in domestic animals have been reported in veterinary literature.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bordetella Infections/complications
- Bordetella Infections/microbiology
- Bordetella Infections/pathology
- Bordetella Infections/veterinary
- Bordetella avium/growth & development
- Dog Diseases/pathology
- Dogs
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/pathology
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/veterinary
- Fatal Outcome
- Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/microbiology
- Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/pathology
- Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/veterinary
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/microbiology
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/pathology
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/veterinary
- Histocytochemistry/veterinary
- Male
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ramírez
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Rodríguez F, Herráez P, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Ramírez GA, Jover A, Lorenzo H. Testicular necrosis caused by Mesocestoides species in a dog. Vet Rec 2003; 153:275-6. [PMID: 12974343 DOI: 10.1136/vr.153.9.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Rodríguez
- Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Transmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- A Espinosa de los Monteros
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Rodríguez F, Ramírez GA, Ramírez AS, Ball HJ, Espinosa de los Monteros A, Fernandez A. Immunohistochemical detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from naturally and experimentally infected goats. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2002; 49:226-9. [PMID: 12121042 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Samples from the mammary tissue of 14 lactating goats (12 naturally infected and two experimentally infected) were examined for the presence of Mycoplasma agalactiae. A monoclonal antibody (5G12) was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded sections and labelled by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Histological examination of tissue sections revealed strong immunoreactivity in all animals included in the study. Mycoplasma agalactiae antigen was mainly detected in the cellular debris at the periphery of purulent exudates present within lactiferous sinuses, and lactiferous and interlobular ducts. In addition, M. agalactiae organisms appeared in the cytoplasm of the epithelium of ducts, and in infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils within the ducts, alveoli, interstitial tissue and regional lymph node sinuses. It is concluded that this monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical technique is an efficient and specific method for the post-mortem detection of M. agalactiae in cases of clinical mastitis as well as being a useful tool for the study of the route of infection and cellular types involved during mastitis caused by this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodríguez
- Department of Comparative Pathology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Ramírez GA, Fletcher PL, Possani LD. Characterization of the venom from Crotalus molossus nigrescens Gloyd (black tail rattlesnake): isolation of two proteases. Toxicon 1990; 28:285-97. [PMID: 2188398 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(90)90064-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The venom from Crotalus molossus nigrescens contains many activities including: hyde powder azure proteinase; N-benzoyl-arginine-ethyl-ester hydrolase; phospholipase; phosphodiesterase; desoxyribonuclease; fibrinogen coagulase; collagenase, fibrinolytic activity, and hemorrhagic factors. The venom, assayed with amounts of venom up to 50 micrograms protein per assay, does not contain acetylcholinesterase, phosphatase, amylase, ribonuclease, tyrosyl-ester hydrolase or hyaluronidase activities. The venom is lethal to mice with an i.p. LD50 of 2.35 mg/kg mouse. Fractionation of soluble venom by Sephadex G-75 separates at least five families of components. Fractions I-III contains all the enzymes, and fraction V have six small peptides. Further separation of fractions II-III on diethyl-amino-ethyl-cellulose columns at pH 8.0 and 8.3 gave pure proteinase E with a mol. wt of 21,390 and the following N-terminal amino acid sequence; Phe-Ala-Lys-Arg-Tyr-Val-Glx-Leu-Val-Ile-Val-Ala. A thrombin-like enzyme with a mol. wt of 75,000 was also purified from this venom by means of affinity and ion exchange chromatographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ramírez
- Department of Biochemistry, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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