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Bn L, Deshpande AD, Shukla S, Emmanuel RS, Singh A, Thirupathi Y, Singh V, Saikumar G, Chandra V, Sharma GT. Exploring the therapeutic potential of allogeneic amniotic membrane for quality wound healing in rabbit model. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13853. [PMID: 38706383 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amniotic membrane (AM) has shown immense potential in repairing wounds due to its great regenerative qualities. Although the role of AM as a biological scaffold in repairing wounds has been studied well, the tissue regenerative potential of AM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and conditioned media (CM) derived from it remains to be discovered as of now. Here, we examined the wound healing abilities of fresh and frozen thawed rabbit AM (rAM) along with the MSCs and their lyophilised CM in rabbits challenged with skin wounds. METHODS To elucidate the role of rAM-MSCs and its CM in repairing the wound, we isolated it from the freshly derived placenta and characterised their differentiation potential by performing an in vitro tri-lineage differentiation assay besides other standard confirmations. We compared the wound repair capacities of rAM-MSCs and lyophilised CM with the fresh and cryopreserved AM at different timelines by applying them to excision wounds created in rabbits. RESULTS By monitoring wound contractions and tissue histology of wounded skin at different time points after the application, we observed that rAM-MSCs and rAM-MSC-derived CM significantly promoted wound closure compared to the control group. We also observed that the wound closure capacity of rAM-MSCs and rAM-MSC-derived CM is as efficient as fresh and cryopreserved rAM. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that rAM-MSCs and rAM-MSC derived CM can be effectively used to treat skin wounds in animals and correctly delivered to the damaged tissue using AM as a bioscaffold, either fresh or frozen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likhitha Bn
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Aditya D Deshpande
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, U.P., India
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Smriti Shukla
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Rony S Emmanuel
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Archita Singh
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Yasotha Thirupathi
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Vidya Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, U.P., India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, U.P., India
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Adjunct Professor, DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Patel SM, Sahoo M, Thakor JC, Murali D, Kumar P, Singh R, Singh KP, Saikumar G, Jana C, Patel SK, Mote AB, Karthikeyan R, Vandre RK, Biswal JK, Sahoo NR. Pathomolecular epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates from slaughtered pigs in India. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae002. [PMID: 38178631 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the prevalence, pathology, and characterization of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) in slaughtered pigs of India. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected 1254 morbid tissues (lungs-627 and spleen-627) and 627 heart-blood from 627 slaughtered pigs. The bacterial isolation, antibiogram, virulence gene profiling, and mouse pathogenicity testing were performed for the detection and characterization of SDSE. A total of 177 isolates (heart-blood-160 and tissues-17) were recovered from 627 slaughtered pigs with higher isolation rate in heart-blood (25.51%). The prevalence of SDSE was 11% in morbid tissues by polymerase chain reaction. Majority of isolates showed higher detection of streptolysin O, followed by streptokinase and extracellular phospholipase A virulence genes with higher degree of resistance to azithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and penicillin antibiotics. Mouse pathogenicity testing confirmed virulence based on histopathological lesions and re-isolation of SDSE. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the high prevalence of SDSE in slaughtered pigs. The presence of virulence genes and mouse pathogenicity testing confirm their pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar M Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease (NIFMD), Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Jigarji Chaturji Thakor
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Dinesh Murali
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Chandrakanta Jana
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa 486001, India
| | - Akash B Mote
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Ravichandran Karthikeyan
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Vandre
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Biswal
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease (NIFMD), Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease (NIFMD), Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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Sharma R, Patil RD, Singh B, Chakraborty S, Chandran D, Dhama K, Gopinath D, Jairath G, Rialch A, Mal G, Singh P, Chaicumpa W, Saikumar G. Tularemia - a re-emerging disease with growing concern. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-16. [PMID: 37916743 PMCID: PMC10732219 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2277753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tularemia caused by Gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium, Francisella tularensis, is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. Human cases have been reported mainly from the United States, Nordic countries like Sweden and Finland, and some European and Asian countries. Naturally, the disease occurs in several vertebrates, particularly lagomorphs. Type A (subspecies tularensis) is more virulent and causes disease mainly in North America; type B (subspecies holarctica) is widespread, while subspecies mediasiatica is present in central Asia. F. tularensis is a possible bioweapon due to its lethality, low infectious dosage, and aerosol transmission. Small mammals like rabbits, hares, and muskrats are primary sources of human infections, but true reservoir of F. tularensis is unknown. Vector-borne tularemia primarily involves ticks and mosquitoes. The bacterial subspecies involved and mode of transmission determine the clinical picture. Early signs are flu-like illnesses that may evolve into different clinical forms of tularemia that may or may not include lymphadenopathy. Ulcero-glandular and glandular forms are acquired by arthropod bite or handling of infected animals, oculo-glandular form as a result of conjunctival infection, and oro-pharyngeal form by intake of contaminated food or water. Pulmonary form appears after inhalation of bacteria. Typhoidal form may occur after infection via different routes. Human-to-human transmission has not been known. Diagnosis can be achieved by serology, bacterial culture, and molecular methods. Treatment for tularemia typically entails use of quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides. Preventive measures are necessary to avoid infection although difficult to implement. Research is underway for the development of effective live attenuated and subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Sharma
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Damu Patil
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Birbal Singh
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.K. Nagar, West Tripura, India
| | | | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devi Gopinath
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gauri Jairath
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajayta Rialch
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gorakh Mal
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Putan Singh
- Disease Investigation Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Station, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mariappan AK, Mathesh K, Muthu S, Bhatt M, Sharma M, Saikumar G, Dhama K. Pathological and molecular identification of Mycobacterium avium infection in a loft of domestic pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica) from India. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2521-2526. [PMID: 37227627 PMCID: PMC10485198 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is a zoonotic pathogen associated with a wide range of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations in a range of host species like humans, animals, and birds. The disease is more common in the avian population, and opportunistic infections have been reported in immune-compromised or debilitated animals and humans. This study reports the pathological and molecular identification of Mycobacterium avium causing avian mycobacteriosis in a loft of domestic pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica). Out of 30 pigeons aged 2-3 years, ten adult racing pigeons revealed a severe chronic and debilitating disease followed by death. The clinical signs included chronic emaciation, dullness, ruffled feathers, lameness, and greenish, watery diarrhea. Post-mortem examination of birds revealed multifocal gray- to yellow-colored raised nodules in the liver parenchyma, spleen, lungs, intestines, bone marrow, and joints. Avian mycobacteriosis was suspected based on the tissue impression smears stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Histopathological examination also revealed multifocal granulomatous lesions in affected organs, which is characteristic of avian mycobacteriosis. The PCR analysis based on 16S rRNA, IS1245, and IS901 regions suggested the presence of Mycobacterium avium infection belonging to either subspecies avium or sylvaticum. This is the first detailed report of avian mycobacteriosis in pigeons from India, warranting a strict surveillance program to identify the carrier status of these microorganisms in the pigeons, which may prove a fatal zoonotic infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok Kumar Mariappan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India.
| | - Karikalan Mathesh
- Centre for Wildlife, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Sankar Muthu
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Mukesh Bhatt
- ICAR RC for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Megha Sharma
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India.
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Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Saha A, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Saikumar G, Pal S, Dhama K, Lee SS. Revealing the structural and molecular interaction landscape of the favipiravir-RTP and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp complex through integrative bioinformatics: Insights for developing potent drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1048-1056. [PMID: 37196368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global research community has made considerable progress in therapeutic and vaccine research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several therapeutics have been repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19. One such compound is, favipiravir, which was approved for the treatment of influenza viruses, including drug-resistant influenza. Despite the limited information on its molecular activity, clinical trials have attempted to determine the effectiveness of favipiravir in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Here, we report the structural and molecular interaction landscape of the macromolecular complex of favipiravir-RTP and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp with the RNA chain. METHODS Integrative bioinformatics was used to reveal the structural and molecular interaction landscapes of two macromolecular complexes retrieved from RCSB PDB. RESULTS We analyzed the interactive residues, H-bonds, and interaction interfaces to evaluate the structural and molecular interaction landscapes of the two macromolecular complexes. We found seven and six H-bonds in the first and second interaction landscapes, respectively. The maximum bond length is 3.79 Å. In the hydrophobic interactions, five residues (Asp618, Asp760, Thr687, Asp623, and Val557) were associated with the first complex and two residues (Lys73 and Tyr217) were associated with the second complex. The mobilities, collective motion, and B-factor of the two macromolecular complexes were analyzed. Finally, we developed different models, including trees, clusters, and heat maps of antiviral molecules, to evaluate the therapeutic status of favipiravir as an antiviral drug. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed the structural and molecular interaction landscape of the binding mode of favipiravir with the nsp7-nsp8-nsp12-RNA SARS-CoV-2 RdRp complex. Our findings can help future researchers in understanding the mechanism underlying viral action and guide the design of nucleotide analogs that mimic favipiravir and exhibit greater potency as antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious viruses. Thus, our work can help in preparing for future epidemics and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India.
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Abinit Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soumen Pal
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Saikumar G, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Lee SS, Dhama K. A European perspective of phylogenomics, sublineages, geographical distribution, epidemiology, and mutational landscape of mpox virus: Emergence pattern may help to fight the next public health emergency in Europe. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1004-1014. [PMID: 37172461 PMCID: PMC10147450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2022 outbreak of the mpox virus (previously monkeypox virus, MPXV) in non-epidemic regions has created a global issue. The emergence of MPXV was first reported in Europe, which was described as the MPXV epicenter, however, no reports are available to illustrate its outbreak patterns in Europe. METHODS The study used numerous in silico and statistical methods to analyze hMPXV1 in European countries. Here, we used different bioinformatics servers and software to evaluate the spread of hMPXV1 in European countries. For analysis, we use various advanced servers like Nextstrain, Taxonium, MpoxSpectrum, etc. Similarly, for the statistical model, we used PAST software. RESULTS The phylogenetic tree was depicted to illustrate the origin and evolution of hMPXV1 using vas number of genome sequences (n = 675). We found several sublineages in Europe, indicating microevolution. The scatter plot reveals the clustering patterns of the newly developed lineages in Europe. We developed statistical models for the monthly total relative frequency counts of these sublineages. The epidemiology of MPX in Europe was examined in an attempt to capture the epidemiological pattern, total cases, and deaths. Our Study noted the highest number of cases was in Spain (7500 cases) and the second-highest in France (4114 cases). The third highest number of cases was in the UK (3730 cases), which was very similar to Germany (3677 cases). Finally, we noted the mutational landscape throughout European genomes. Significant mutations were observed at the nucleotide and protein levels. We identified several unique homoplastic mutations in Europe. CONCLUSION This study reveals several essential aspects of the European outbreak. It might help to eradicate the virus in Europe, assist in strategy formation to fight against the virus, and support working against the next public health emergency in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India.
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Dhama K, Tuglo LS, Chakraborty C, Saikumar G. BF.7 Omicron subvariant (BA.5.2.1.7) posing fears of a rise in COVID-19 cases again: a critical appraisal and salient counteracting strategies. Int J Surg 2023; 109:1058-1059. [PMID: 36917140 PMCID: PMC10132302 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Lawrence S. Tuglo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Gutulla Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh
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Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Chopra H, Islam MA, Saikumar G, Dhama K. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron recombinant subvariants XBB, XBB.1, and XBB.1.5 are expanding rapidly with unique mutations, antibody evasion, and immune escape properties - an alarming global threat of a surge in COVID-19 cases again? Int J Surg 2023; 109:1041-1043. [PMID: 36917125 PMCID: PMC10132296 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | | | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Gutulla Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Borkakoti R, Karikalan M, Nehul SK, Jogi HR, Sharma K, Nautiyal S, Mishra R, Mahajan S, Biswas SK, Nandi S, Chander V, Pawde A, Saikumar G, Singh KP, Sharma GK. A retrospective study showing a high rate of seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 in wild felines in India. Arch Virol 2023; 168:109. [PMID: 36914777 PMCID: PMC10010641 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a high rate of seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 in wild felines in India. Seropositivity was determined by microneutralization and plaque reduction neutralization assays in captive Asiatic lions, leopards, and Bengal tigers. The rate of seropositivity was positively correlated with that of the incidence in humans, suggesting the occurrence of large spillover events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Borkakoti
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Center for Wildlife Conservation Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | | | - Harsh Rajeshbhai Jogi
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Kirtika Sharma
- Center for Wildlife Conservation Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Sushmita Nautiyal
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Ragini Mishra
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Sonalika Mahajan
- Biological Standardization Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Bareilly, Izatnagar Uttar Pradesh, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanchay Kumar Biswas
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Sukdeb Nandi
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Vishal Chander
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, 263138, Uttarakhand, India
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Pawde
- Center for Wildlife Conservation Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Sharma
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Bareilly, 243122, India.
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10
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Sree Lakshmi P, Karikalan M, Sharma GK, Sharma K, Chandra Mohan S, Rajesh Kumar K, Miachieo K, Kumar A, Gupta MK, Verma RK, Sahoo N, Saikumar G, Pawde AM. Pathological and molecular studies on elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus haemorrhagic disease among captive and free-range Asian elephants in India. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105972. [PMID: 36621697 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present research pathology and molecular diagnosis of elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus-haemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) among Asian elephants was studied. Out of 76 cases, 20 were positive for EEHV infection in PANPOL and POL1 based semi-nested PCR. Out of 20 samples, 10 samples were fatal cases of EEHV-HD while 10 were of either subclinical or latent infection. Acute onset haemorrhagic disease with EEHV-HD had anorexia, facial and neck swelling, cyanotic buccal mucosa and tongue, nasal and ocular discharge, and colic. The hallmark of gross finding in all cases were severe haemorrhagic lesions in the internal organs viz. cyanosis of tongue with multifocal petechial haemorrhages, diffuse epicardial and endocardial haemorrhages, swollen liver (rounded edges) with parenchymal haemorrhages, serosal and mucosal haemorrhages in gastrointestinal tract, congested kidneys with corticomedullary haemorrhages, highly congested meninges, and brain capillaries with haemorrhages. Microscopic findings in all the cases had severe vascular changes in the visceral organs. Microthrombi was present in the vasculature of tongue, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and brain. The endothelial lining of most of the blood vessels were swollen with apoptotic changes. Amphophilic to basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the endothelial cells. Immunostaining using anti-EEHV DNAPOL hyperimmune sera revealed intense positive signals in the endothelium of blood vessels and their walls. Quantification of viral load in necropsy tissue samples revealed highest in the heart (7.4 × 106/μg of sample) and least in the brain (9 × 103/μg of sample). The PCR amplicons from EEHV1 specific genes (POL1(U38) and TER were subjected to partial genome sequencing which had 99.9% similarity with the EEHV1A subtype. It was concluded that Asian elephants in India are latently infected for EEHV1 and in all the fatal EEHV-HD cases, EEHV1A subtype was the causative agent with characteristic pathomorphological changes in visceral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sree Lakshmi
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Karikalan
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Gaurav K Sharma
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kirtika Sharma
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Chandra Mohan
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Rajesh Kumar
- Veterinary Officer, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, The Nigiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kenei Miachieo
- Sarguja Elephant Reserve, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Bhagwan Birsa Biological Park, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - M K Gupta
- Faculty of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rakesh K Verma
- Sarguja Elephant Reserve, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Niranjana Sahoo
- Faculty of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Odisha, India
| | - G Saikumar
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A M Pawde
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Hossain MJ, Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Alhumaid S, Emran TB, Saikumar G, Mitra S, Dhama K. Strategies to tackle SARS-CoV-2 Mu, a newly classified variant of interest likely to resist currently available COVID-19 vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2027197. [PMID: 35172687 PMCID: PMC8862164 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2027197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have recently been reported in many countries. These have exacerbated the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced global health threats and hindered COVID-19 vaccine development and therapeutic progress. This commentary discusses the potential risk of the newly classified Mu variant of interest, seeming a highly vaccine-resistant variant, and the approaches that can be adopted to tackle this variant based on the available evidence. The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.621 (Mu variant) lineage has shown approximately ten times higher resistance to neutralizing sera obtained from COVID-19 survivors or BNT161b2-vaccinated people than the parenteral B.1 lineage. Several urgent and long-term strategic plans, including quick genomic surveillance for uncovering the genetic characteristics of the variants, equitable global mass vaccination, booster dose administration if required, and strict implementation of public health measures or non-pharmaceutical interventions, must be undertaken concertedly to restrict further infections, mutations, or recombination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its deadly strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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12
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Mahajan S, Karikalan M, Chander V, Pawde AM, Saikumar G, Semmaran M, Lakshmi PS, Sharma M, Nandi S, Singh KP, Gupta VK, Singh RK, Sharma GK. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a free ranging leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) in India. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2022; 68:59. [PMID: 35992994 PMCID: PMC9380657 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report an incidence of natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca). The case was detected during routine screening. Post-mortem and laboratory examination suggested virus-induced interstitial pneumonia. Viral genome could be detected in various organs including brain, lung, spleen, and lymph nodes by real-time PCR. Whole-genome sequence analysis confirmed infection of Pango lineage B.1.617.2 of SARS-CoV-2. Till now, only Asiatic lions have been reported to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 in India. Infections in animals were detected during peak phase of pandemic and all the cases were captive with close contacts with humans, whereas the present case was observed when human cases were significantly low. No tangible evidence linked to widespread infection in the wild population and the incidence seems to be isolated case. High nucleotide sequence homology with prevailing viruses in humans suggested spillover infection to the animal. This report underlines the need for intensive screening of wild animals for keeping track of the virus evolution and development of carrier status of SARS-CoV-2 among wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonalika Mahajan
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Mathesh Karikalan
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Vishal Chander
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Abhijit M. Pawde
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - G. Saikumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - M. Semmaran
- Divisional Director, Social Forestry, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh 246701 India
| | - P Sree Lakshmi
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Megha Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Sukdeb Nandi
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-National Research Centre On Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam 781131 India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
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13
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Sahoo M, Pathak M, Patel SK, Saikumar G, Upmanyu V, Thakor JC, Kumar P, Singh R, Singh K, Sahoo NR. Pathomorphology, immunohistochemical, and molecular detection of an atypical porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) due to PCV-2d-2 in naturally affected grower pigs of India. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105738. [PMID: 36038085 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is of great economic significance to porcine industry worldwide. PCV-2 variants and genotypes, alternating world over, are the etiological agent of several clinical syndromes such as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and others in pigs. This study is reporting an atypical manifestation of PDNS in twelve grower pigs, 3- to - 4.5 months age and either sex, died of the disease, with predominant lesions of nephropathy and no obvious clinical lesions in skin. Necropsy examination of pigs showed lesions of petechial -to- ecchymotic hemorrhages in the kidneys and in the right auricular musculature of the hearts. Microscopic lesions in H & E sections of the kidneys showed acute glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and vasculitis, but the skin morphology and architecture remained unaltered in contrast to the pathognomonic lesions of PDNS described in the literature. Other syndromic associations of PDNS in these cases included-perimyocarditis, interstitial pneumonia, depleted lymphoid tissues, tonsillitis, enteritis, and meningo-encephalitis. The lesional sites in duplicate paraffin tissue sections of kidneys, heart, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, intestine, and brain demonstrated PCV-2 antigen in the cytoplasm of cells as highlighted by the intense immunolabeling on IHC staining. The PCV-2 positive organs reconfirmed by PCR, targeting ORF2 gene, which yielded 481bp size of products. The sequencing results of 481bp products on phylogenetic analysis showed 94% similarity with that of PCV-2 sequences in the database that grouped into PCV2d-2 genotype. The present report confirms, probably for the first time, the atypical PDNS cases due to PCV2d-2 genotype in naturally affected grower pigs of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India.
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India.
| | - Vikramaditya Upmanyu
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India; Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Karampal Singh
- ICAR-CADRAD, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR-DFMD-International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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14
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Peer BA, Bhat AR, Shabir U, Bharti MK, Bhat IA, Pandey S, Sharun K, Kumar R, Mathesh K, Saikumar G, Chandra V, Amarpal, Sharma GT. Comparative evaluation of fracture healing potential of differentiated and undifferentiated guinea pig and canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a guinea pig model. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Patel SK, Agrawal A, Pathak M, Singh A, Varshney R, Rana J, Saikumar G. Detection of porcine enteric picornaviruses from faecal samples of Indian pigs. Virusdisease 2022; 33:102-107. [PMID: 35493750 PMCID: PMC9005585 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine enteric picornaviruses often consequence diarrhoea and nervous complications in pig and pose enormous loss to pig farming. The present study expands the limited Indian data of porcine enteric picornaviruses which is needed for the early implementation of control measures and to check further outbreaks. A total of 398 porcine faecal samples from Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand state of India were screened for porcine teschovirus (PTV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV) and enterovirus G (EV-G) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using 5'UTR-specific primers. The prevalence of PTV, PSV and EV-G was found to be 12.81% (51/398), 5.77% (23/398) and 24.37% (97/398), respectively. EV-G was relatively higher in circulation in Indian pigs among all the included enteric picornaviruses. Conversely, the concurrent infection of more than one enteric picornavirus was also frequent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-022-00756-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, U.P 243122 India
| | - Aditya Agrawal
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, U.P 243122 India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, U.P 243122 India
| | - Alok Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, U.P 243122 India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, Mirzapur, U.P India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, Mirzapur, U.P India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, U.P 243122 India
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Mohapatra RK, Tiwari R, Sarangi AK, Sharma SK, Khandia R, Saikumar G, Dhama K. Twin combination of Omicron and Delta variant triggering a Tsunami wave of ever high surges in COVID-19 cases: a challenging global threat with a special focus on Indian sub-continent. J Med Virol 2022; 94:1761-1765. [PMID: 35014038 PMCID: PMC9015634 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Due to the continuous emergence of multiple variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome cronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused severe morbidity and mortality worldwide in the last two years amidst waves of pandemic within the ongoing pandemic resulting into high global health concerns and adverse socioeconomics impacts. 1-4 Omicron, the recent highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.1.529), classified as variant of concern (VoC) by WHO on 26 November 2021, is now becoming a dominant strain in several countries and a very massive surge in COVID-19 cases is being faced presently with nearly 300 million cumulative cases and 5.5 million deaths reported as of January 5, 2022 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit DeenDayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Ashish K Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjay K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, JECRC University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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17
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Somal A, Bhat IA, Pandey S, Ansari MM, Indu B, Panda BSK, Bharti MK, Chandra V, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. Comparative analysis of the immunomodulatory potential of caprine fetal adnexa derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3913-3923. [PMID: 34050503 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The caprine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from fetal adnexa are highly proliferative. These cells possess tri-lineage differentiation potential and express MSC surface antigens and pluripotency markers with a wound-healing potential. This present study was conducted to compare the immunomodulatory potential of caprine MSCs derived from the fetal adnexa. Mid-gestation caprine uteri (2-3 months) were collected from the abattoir to isolate MSCs from amniotic fluid (cAF), amniotic sac (cAS), Wharton's jelly (cWJ) and cord blood (cCB), which were expanded and characterized at the 3rd passage. These MSCs were then stimulated with inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) to assess the percentage of inhibition produced on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferation. The percentage of inhibition on activated PBMCs proliferation produced by cWJ MSCs and cAS MSCs was significantly higher than cCB and cAF MSCs. The relative mRNA expression profile and immunofluorescent localization of different immunomodulatory cytokines and growth factors were conducted upon stimulation. The mRNA expression profile of a set of different cytokines and growth factors in each caprine fetal adnexa MSCs were modulated. Indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase appeared to be the major immunomodulator in cWJ, cAF, and cCB MSCs whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase in cAS MSCs. This study suggests that caprine MSCs derived from fetal adnexa display variable immunomodulatory potential, which appears to be modulated by different molecules among sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Somal
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - Irfan A Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - Mohd Matin Ansari
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | | | - Bibhudatta S K Panda
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Bharti
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P, India.
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18
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Tomar NR, Bhat IA, Bharti MK, John JK, Sharma V, Chandra V, Sharma GT, Saikumar G. Isolation and propagation of classical swine fever virus in porcine Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:629-637. [PMID: 32885744 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1813151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Classical Swine Fever (CSF) is an extremely infectious and deadly disease of pigs and wild boars caused by the CSF virus (CSFV) which is a member of the Pestivirus genus and the family Flaviviridae. This study was designed to detect the permissibility and replication of CSFV in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) monolayer derived from Porcine Wharton's jelly. Porcine Wharton's jelly MSCs (pWJ-MSCs) were ex vivo expanded and propagated for more than 81 generations and third passage pWJ-MSCs were characterized as per standard criteria i.e., growth characteristics, trilineage differentiation potential and molecular characterization for pluripotency and stem cell surface markers. Porcine WJ tissue samples found negative for CSFV by RT-PCR test were processed further for the isolation of pWJ-MSCs and CSFV was propagated over the characterized pWJ-MSCs monolayer. No cytopathic effect was observed, which was consistent with non-cytopathic nature of CSFV. The replication of CSFV in pWJ-MSCs was affirmed by RT-PCR and demonstration of viral antigen in the cytoplasm of virus infected cells by immuno-staining technique. In total, three different CSFV isolates were propagated in pWJ-MSCs. Primary pWJ-MSCs permitted CSFV replication to good titer. To the best of our information, this is the first ever report of isolation of CSFV in pWJ-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam R Tomar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Irfan A Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Mukesh K Bharti
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, India
| | - Jeny K John
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Jaipur, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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19
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Taru Sharma G, Nath A, Prasad S, Singhal S, Chandra V, Saikumar G. Expression pattern of GLUT 1, 5, 8 and citrate synthase transcripts in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) preimplantation embryos produced in vitro and derived in vivo. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1362-1370. [PMID: 32706414 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro-produced (IVP) embryos are reported to be developmentally lesser competent than in vivo-derived (IVD) embryos and supposed to differ in the expression of genes related with glucose metabolism. So, the present study was conducted to analyse the expression pattern of GLUT 1, 5, 8 and citrate synthase (CS) in oocytes and embryos produced in vivo or in vitro in buffalo. IVD embryos were obtained from 18 superovulated buffaloes. IVP embryos were obtained from slaughterhouse-derived oocytes subsequently subjected to in vitro fertilization and culture. Total RNA was isolated from different stages of oocytes (immature and in vitro matured) and embryos (8-16 cell to blastocysts of IVP embryos and morula to blastocysts of IVD embryos). Results demonstrated that the expression of GLUT1, GLUT 8 increased from 8 to 16 cells to blastocyst and was significantly (p < .05) higher in IVP embryos. Expression of both genes was (p < .05) higher in IVD than in IVP blastocysts; though GLUT5 transcripts were not detected at 8- to 16-cell stage IVP embryos, significantly (p < .05) higher transcripts were found at morula and blastocyst stages irrespective of embryo source with significantly (p < .05) higher expression in IVD embryos compared to IVP embryos. No significant difference was observed in citrate synthase expression in embryos at morula stage irrespective of the embryo source while significantly (p < .05) higher transcript level was observed at blastocyst stage with no difference between in vivo and in vitro embryos. It can be concluded that expression of GLUTs and CS is upregulated with progression of embryonic stage and expression is higher in in vivo embryos than in vitro counter parts; thus, it can be said that in vivo-produced embryos are metabolically superior to in vitro embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gutulla Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Amar Nath
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Shiv Prasad
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, GBPUA &T, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sumit Singhal
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, GADVASU, Ludhiana, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Gutulla Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Patel SK, Saikumar G, Rana J, Dhama J, Yatoo MI, Tiwari R, Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Dhama K. Dexamethasone: A boon for critically ill COVID-19 patients? Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 37:101844. [PMID: 32791213 PMCID: PMC7416109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gutulla Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajeev Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231 001, India
| | | | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India -281001, India
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sethi M, Das T, Tomar N, John JK, Dubal ZB, Rajak KK, Singh R, Saikumar G. Japanese encephalitis virus-induced neuropathology in mouse model infected through the conjunctival route. Indian J Med Res 2020; 150:498-503. [PMID: 31939394 PMCID: PMC6977363 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2078_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Mouse is a preferred animal model for studying pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections, and different routes of inoculation have been tried. Some neurotropic viruses can reach the brain following infection through ocular route. This study was undertaken to establish JEV-induced clinical disease in mouse model through conjunctival route and document the neuropathological effects. Methods: Ten two-week old Swiss albino mice were inoculated with 5 μl Vero cell cultured virus containing 104.7 TCID50 JEV through conjunctival route. Clinical signs of mice were observed twice daily. After necropsy examination, different organs including eyes and olfactory bulbs were collected for histopathological examination, quantification of viral copy number and antigen by real-time TaqMan assay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: Infected mice showed characteristic clinical signs of JE by 4 days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological lesions in brain included perivascular cuffing by mononuclear cells, focal gliosis, necrosis of neurons and neuronophagia and astrocytosis in the cerebrum, cerebellum and the brainstem. JEV viral load was highest in the brain followed by intestine, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney. JEV antigen was detected in the bipolar and ganglion cells of the retina and in the mitral cells and periglomerular cells of olfactory bulb and other parts of the brain. Interpretation & conclusions: JEV infection in mice through conjunctival route produced characteristic clinical signs of the disease and neuropathological lesions. Demonstration of JEV antigen in association with neuropathological lesions in the central nervous system and neuronal cells of the eye showed that conjunctival route could be an effective alternate route for virus invasion into the brain. These findings have biosafety implications for researchers, veterinary practitioners and pig farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menaka Sethi
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tareni Das
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Tomar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jeny K John
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zunjar B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaushal K Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Joseph A, Baiju I, Bhat IA, Pandey S, Bharti M, Verma M, Pratap Singh A, Ansari MM, Chandra V, Saikumar G, Amarpal, Taru Sharma G. Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media: A novel alternative of stem cell therapy for quality wound healing. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5555-5569. [PMID: 31960454 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned media (MSCs-CM) contains several growth factors and cytokines, thus may be used as a better alternative to stem cell therapy, which needs to be elucidated. The present study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of caprine, canine, and guinea pig bone marrow-derived MSCs-CM in excision wound healing in a guinea pig model. MSCs were obtained from bone marrow, expanded ex vivo and characterized as per ISCT criteria. CM was collected assayed by western blot to ascertain the presence of important secretory biomolecules. Quantitative estimation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was done for a vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in caprine MSCs-CM and optimum time for collection of CM was decided as 72 hr. CM from all the species was lyophilized by freeze-drying method. Full-thickness (2 × 2 cm2 ) excision skin wounds were created in guinea pigs (six animals in each group) and respective lyophilized CM mixed with laminin gel was applied topically at weekly interval. On Day 28, histopathological examinations of healed skin were done by hemotoxylin and eosin staining. MSCs were found to secrete important growth factors and cytokines (i.e., VEGF, transforming growth factor-β1, fibroblast growth factor-2, insulin-like growth factor-1, stem cell factor, and IL-6) as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay. It was found that allogenic and xenogenic application of CM significantly improved quality wound healing with minimal scar formation. Thus, MSCs-CM can be used allogenically as well as xenogenically for quality wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Joseph
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Indu Baiju
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Irfan A Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Bharti
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Megha Verma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Pratap Singh
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Matin M Ansari
- ICAR-National Research Center on Camel, Jorebeer, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gutulla Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gutulla Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Ray PK, Desingu PA, Anoopraj R, Singh RK, Saikumar G. Identification and genotypic characterization of porcine teschovirus from selected pig populations in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1161-1166. [PMID: 31820308 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Porcine teschovirus (PTV) previously classified as porcine enteroviruses in the family Picornaviridae are associated with a wide range of illnesses in swine ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute fatal encephalomyelitis, diarrhea, and pneumonia. This study was planned to investigate whether porcine teschovirus is prevalent among pigs in India and to characterize the PTV identified in the study population. The study conducted in certain farms of North India revealed that 13 of 190 (6.84%) fecal samples were PTV positive by RT-PCR. Three viruses were successfully isolated from fecal samples using IB-RS-2 cell lines which were confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. Molecular characterization based on the VP1 region of the viral genome identified the isolated viruses as serotype 5 and serotype 8 of PTV. A new variant of teschovirus was also identified which showed significant nucleotide diversity from the known serotypes of the teschoviruses. This is the first report of isolation, identification, and characterization of porcine teschoviruses in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Ray
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, India.,Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P A Desingu
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Anoopraj
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Singh
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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24
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John JK, Das T, Sethi M, Kattoor J, Tomar N, Saikumar G. Epidemiological study of porcine teschovirus infection in pigs at Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1627645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. K. John
- Swine Disease Laboratory, Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - T. Das
- Swine Disease Laboratory, Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - M. Sethi
- Swine Disease Laboratory, Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - J.J. Kattoor
- Swine Disease Laboratory, Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - N. Tomar
- Swine Disease Laboratory, Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Swine Disease Laboratory, Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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25
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Abstract
Bats are the only flying placental mammals that constitute the second largest order of mammals and present all around the world except in Arctic, Antarctica and a few oceanic islands. Sixty percent of emerging infectious diseases originating from animals are zoonotic and more than two-thirds of them originate in wildlife. Bats were evolved as a super-mammal for harboring many of the newly identified deadly diseases without any signs and lesions. Their unique ability to fly, particular diet, roosting behavior, long life span, ability to echolocate and critical susceptibility to pathogens make them suitable host to harbor numerous zoonotic pathogens like virus, bacteria and parasite. Many factors are responsible for the emergence of bat borne zoonoses but the most precipitating factor is human intrusions. Deforestation declined the natural habitat and forced the bats and other wild life to move out of their niche. These stressed bats, having lost foraging and behavioral pattern invade in proximity of human habitation. Either directly or indirectly they transmit the viruses to humans and animals. Development of fast detection modern techniques for viruses from the diseased and environmental samples and the lessons learned in the past helped in preventing the severity during the latest outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Beena
- 1Present Address: CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, UP 226001 India.,2ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
| | - G Saikumar
- 2ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP 243122 India
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26
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Kumari S, Saikumar G, Desingu PA, Das T, Singh R. Immunohistochemical detection of naturally occurring porcine Sapelovirus infection in Indian pigs. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2019; 40:676-684. [PMID: 31603022 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2019.1675695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated immunohistochemical detection of porcine Sapelovirus (PSV) in naturally infected pigs of different ages. Forty-nine fecal samples, intestinal contents and other tissue samples from dead pigs were screened in previous study using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for PSV infection. Eight animals were positive for PSV based on RT-PCR examination. Gross lesions were recorded mainly in the large and small intestines. Microscopic examination of intestines showed severe enteritis. Tissue sections of all organs from PSV positive animals were immunostained using hyperimmune serum raised in rats against PSV that had been grown in a BHK-21 cell line. Staining of PSV was found only in the large and small intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - P A Desingu
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - T Das
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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27
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Kumari S, Singh R, Desingu PA, Ray PK, Taru Sharma G, Saikumar G. Immunocytochemistry assay in BHK-21 cell line infected with Porcine Sapelovirus. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:751-755. [PMID: 31011920 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes an immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay with self-raised hyperimmune sera and a Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (BHK-21) cell line infected with Porcine Sapelovirus (PSV). Sapelovivus/IVRI/SPF-c-6/2015 strain Indian PSV was isolated from the porcine IBRS-2 cell line and investigated for growth on non-porcine cell lines. After two passages, PSV was successfully grown in BHK-21 and produced the same cytopathic effects as in IBRS-2 such as shrinking of cytoplasm, rounding of cells and detachment of cells from the surface of flask within 24 h. For raising of hyperimmune sera, PSV was grown in IBRS-2 cell line up to the required volume and purified by ultracentrifugation. With self-raised hyperimmune sera in laboratory rats, ICC was performed in BHK-21 cells infected with PSV. Positive signals consisted of large granular aggregates of virus in the cytoplasm near the nucleus, suggesting that PSV can infect cell lines other than those of porcine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - P A Desingu
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - P K Ray
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Physiology and Climatology Division, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India. .,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Swine Disease Laboratory, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
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28
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Kumari S, Ray PK, Singh R, Desingu PA, Sharma GT, Saikumar G. Development of a Taqman-based real-time PCR assay for detection of porcine sapelovirus infection in pigs. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 31:264-267. [PMID: 30583714 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1549561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a rapid, simple, specific and sensitive Taqman-based real-time PCR assay for porcine sapelovirus (PSV) detection. Specific primers and probe were designed from the five untranslated regions (UTRs) of the viral genome. The detection limit of the real-time PCR was 102 copies. The specificity of the Taqman real-time PCR assay was evaluated using other animal viruses and nuclease free water as a negative control. Strong fluorescent signals were obtained only in the detection of PSV real-time PCR and conventional RT-PCR were preformed simultaneously on 90 faecal samples. Based on conventional RT-PCR study 17.7% (16/90) of the faecal samples were positive for PSV. Whereas 21 of 90 samples (23.3%) were positive by real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that real-time PCR was more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR assay. In conclusion, the Taqman real-time PCR assay for detection of PSV developed, herein, is sensitive, specific, and reliable. This assay will be useful for clinical diagnosis, epidemiological, and pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - P K Ray
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - P A Desingu
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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30
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Kumari S, Ray PK, Singh R, Desingu PA, Varshney R, Saikumar G. Pathological and molecular investigation of porcine sapelovirus infection in naturally affected Indian pigs. Microb Pathog 2018; 127:320-325. [PMID: 30529427 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to pathological and molecular investigation of porcine sapelovirus (PSV) in naturally infected Indian pigs of various age groups. Eight samples (16%) out of 49 necropsied animals were positive for PSV on the basis of pathological and molecular investigation. Major lesions of PSV positive cases were thickening and clouding of meninges, congestion in brain, severe to moderate congestion in lungs along with froathy exudates in trachea, thickening of intestinal mucosa, especially mucosal folds of ileum. Microscopic lesions of PSV positive cases in CNS were perivascular cuffing, neuronophagia and focal gliosis. In lungs, interstitial pneumonia was noticed in all cases, and intestinal lesions comprised of sloughing of villi epithelium, moderate to severe congestion of blood vessels and infiltration of mononuclear cells mainly plasma cells in both large and small intestine. RT-PCR results of total cases examined for PSV were targeted for PSV 3D Polymerase, 5'UTR region and VP1 gene respectively. Genetic characterization was done on the basis of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) gene of PSV. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of amplified VP1 gene product showed maximum identity 85-90% with South Korean, KJ821021.1 and Indian, KY053835.1 strain of PSV. Further explorative surveillance and epidemiological studies are suggested to find out the real impact of this economically important disease affecting pigs population of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, 243 122, U.P, India
| | - P K Ray
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, 243 122, U.P, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, 243 122, U.P, India
| | - P A Desingu
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, 243 122, U.P, India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, 243 122, U.P, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, 243 122, U.P, India.
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31
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Pratheesh MD, Gade NE, Nath A, Dubey PK, Sivanarayanan TB, Madhu DN, Sreekumar TR, Amarpal, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. Evaluation of persistence and distribution of intra-dermally administered PKH26 labelled goat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in cutaneous wound healing model. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:841-849. [PMID: 28497366 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to study the persistence and distribution of caprine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (cBM-MSCs) when administered intra-dermally in experimentally induced cutaneous wounds in rabbits. MSC's from goat bone marrow were isolated and their differentiation potential towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages were assayed in vitro. The isolated cells were phenotypically analysed using flow cytometry for the expression of MSC specific matrix receptors (CD73, CD105 and Stro-1) and absence of hematopoietic lineage markers. Further, these in vitro expanded MSCs were stained with PKH26 lipophilic cell membrane red fluorescent dye and prepared for transplantation into cutaneous wounds created on rabbits. Five, 2 cm linear full thickness skin incisions were created on either side of dorsal midline of New Zealand white rabbits (n = 4). Four wounds in each animal were implanted intra-dermally with PKH26 labelled cBM-MSCs suspended in 500 µl of Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). Fifth wound was injected with PBS alone and treated as negative control. The skin samples were collected from respective wounds on 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after the wound creation, and cryosections of 6 µM were made from it. Fluorescent microscopy of these cryosections showed that the PKH26 labelled transplanted cells and their daughter cells demonstrated a diffuse pattern of distribution initially and were later concentrated towards the wound edges and finally appeared to be engrafted with the newly developed skin tissues. The labelled cells were found retained in the wound bed throughout the period of 14 days of experimental study with a gradual decline in their intensity of red fluorescence probably due to the dye dilution as a result of multiple cell division. The retention of transplanted MSCs within the wound bed even after the complete wound healing suggests that in addition to their paracrine actions as already been reported, they may have direct involvement in various stages of intricate wound healing process which needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pratheesh
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India
| | - Nitin E Gade
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Durg, India
| | - Amar Nath
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pawan K Dubey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - T B Sivanarayanan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - D N Madhu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - T R Sreekumar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.
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Ray PK, Desingu PA, Kumari S, John JK, Sethi M, Sharma GK, Pattnaik B, Singh RK, Saikumar G. Porcine sapelovirus among diarrhoeic piglets in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:261-263. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Ray
- Division of Pathology; IVRI; Izatnagar, Bareilly UP India
| | - P. A. Desingu
- Division of Pathology; IVRI; Izatnagar, Bareilly UP India
| | - S. Kumari
- Division of Pathology; IVRI; Izatnagar, Bareilly UP India
| | - J. K. John
- Division of Pathology; IVRI; Izatnagar, Bareilly UP India
| | - M. Sethi
- Division of Pathology; IVRI; Izatnagar, Bareilly UP India
| | | | | | | | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Pathology; IVRI; Izatnagar, Bareilly UP India
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John JK, Sethi M, Das T, Hingade SS, Arun A, Tomar N, Saikumar G. Occurrence of Opisthorchis spp. infection in liver of pigs: An abattoir survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5958/0973-970x.2017.00031.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Somal A, Bhat IA, B. I, Pandey S, Panda BSK, Thakur N, Sarkar M, Chandra V, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. A Comparative Study of Growth Kinetics, In Vitro Differentiation Potential and Molecular Characterization of Fetal Adnexa Derived Caprine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156821. [PMID: 27257959 PMCID: PMC4892572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted with an objective of isolation, in vitro expansion, growth kinetics, molecular characterization and in vitro differentiation of fetal adnexa derived caprine mesenchymal stem cells. Mid-gestation gravid caprine uteri (2–3 months) were collected from abattoir to derive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from fetal adnexa {amniotic fluid (cAF), amniotic sac (cAS), Wharton’s jelly (cWJ) and cord blood (cCB)} and expanded in vitro. These cultured MSCs were used at the 3rd passage (P3) to study growth kinetics, localization as well as molecular expression of specific surface antigens, pluripotency markers and mesenchymal tri-lineage differentiation. In comparison to cAF and cAS MSCs, cWJ and cCB MSCs showed significantly (P<0.05) higher clonogenic potency, faster growth rate and low population doubling (PDT) time. All the four types of MSCs were positive for alkaline phosphatase (AP) and differentiated into chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic lineages. These stem cells expressed MSC surface antigens (CD73, CD90 and CD105) and pluripotency markers (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF, cMyc, FoxD3) but did not express CD34, a hematopoietic stem cell marker (HSC) as confirmed by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometric analysis. The relative mRNA expression of MSC surface antigens (CD73, CD90 and CD105) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ MSCs compared to the other cell lines. The mRNA expression of Oct4 was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ, whereas mRNA expression of KLF and cMyc was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ and cAF than that of cAS and cCB. The comparative assessment revealed that cWJ MSCs outperformed MSCs from other sources of fetal adnexa in terms of growth kinetics, relative mRNA expression of surface antigens, pluripotency markers and tri-lineage differentiation potential, hence, these MSCs could be used as a preferred source for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Somal
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Irfan A. Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Indu B.
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Bibhudatta S. K. Panda
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Nipuna Thakur
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - G. Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
- * E-mail:
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Anoopraj R, Rajkhowa TK, Cherian S, Arya RS, Tomar N, Gupta A, Ray PK, Somvanshi R, Saikumar G. Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 isolates from India: Indications for emergence of natural inter-genotypic recombinants. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2015; 31:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rout M, Saikumar G, Nagarajan K. Diagnostic potential of polymerase chain reaction in detection of classical swine fever virus infection in slaughtered pigs. INDIAN J ANIM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00083.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dubey PK, Nath A, Chandra V, Sarkar M, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. Expression of mRNA Encoding IGF-I, IGF-II, Type-I, and II IGF-Receptors and IGF-Binding Proteins-1-4 during Ovarian Follicular Development in Buffalo(Bubalus bubalis). Anim Biotechnol 2014; 26:81-91. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2013.878349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rout M, Saikumar G. Use of various methods for detection of sero-group a rotavirus in porcine intestinal and fecal specimens. INDIAN J ANIM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kumar P, Nagarajan N, Saikumar G, Arya RS, Somvanshi R. Detection of Bovine Papilloma Viruses in Wart-Like Lesions of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle and Buffaloes. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:264-71. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Kumar
- Division of Pathology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - N. Nagarajan
- Division of Pathology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Pathology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - R. S. Arya
- Division of Pathology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
| | - R. Somvanshi
- Division of Pathology; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar India
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Nath A, Sharma V, Dubey PK, Pratheesh MD, Gade NE, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. Impact of gonadotropin supplementation on the expression of germ cell marker genes (MATER, ZAR1, GDF9, and BMP15) during in vitro maturation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocyte. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 49:34-41. [PMID: 23263936 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate whether gonadotropins [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)] and buffalo follicular fluid (bFF) supplementation in maturation medium influences the transcript abundance of germ cell marker genes [maternal antigen that embryos require (MATER), Zygote arrest 1 (ZAR1), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15)] mRNA in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes. Buffalo ovaries were collected from local abattoir, oocytes were aspirated from antral follicles (5-8 mm) and matured in vitro using two different maturation regimens, viz, group A: gonadotropin (FSH and LH) and group B: non-gonadotropin-supplemented maturation medium containing 20% buffalo follicular fluid (bFF). mRNA was isolated from immature (330) and in vitro matured oocytes from both the groups (A, 320; B, 340), and reverse transcribed using Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase. Expression levels of MATER, ZAR1, GDF9, and BMP15 mRNA transcripts were analyzed in oocytes of both maturation groups as well as immature oocytes using real-time PCR. QPCR results showed that GDF9 and BMP15 transcripts were significantly (p<0.05) influenced with gonadotropins and bFF supplementation during in vitro maturation of buffalo oocyte; however, MATER and ZAR1 transcripts were not influenced with gonadotropins and bFF supplementation in vitro. These results indicated that the expression levels of MATER, ZAR1, GDF9, and BMP15 mRNA were varied differentially during in vitro maturation of buffalo oocyte and were found to be gonadotropins (FSH and LH) or bFF dependent for GDF9 and BMP15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Nath
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
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Gade NE, Pratheesh MD, Nath A, Dubey PK, Amarpal, Sharma B, Saikumar G, Taru Sharma G. Molecular and cellular characterization of buffalo bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:358-67. [PMID: 23679988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune privileged mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell types and possess great potential for human and veterinary regenerative therapies. This study was designed with an objective to isolate, expand and characterize buffalo bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) at molecular and cellular level. Buffalo BM-MSCs were isolated by Ficoll density gradient method and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS). These cells were characterized through alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, mRNA expression analysis (CD 73, CD 90, CD 105, Oct4 and Nanog), immunolocalization along with flow cytometry (Stro 1, CD 73, CD 105, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) and in situ hybridization (Oct4 and Sox2). Multilineage differentiation (osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic) was induced in vitro, which was further assessed by specific staining. Buffalo BM-MSCs have the capacity to form plastic adherent clusters of fibroblast-like cells and were successfully maintained up to 16(th) passage. These cells were AP positive, and further CFU assay confirmed their clonogenic property. RT-PCR analysis and protein localization study showed that buffalo BM-MSCs are positive for various cell surface markers and pluripotency markers. Cytoplasmic distribution of mRNA for pluripotency markers in buffalo BM-MSCs and multilineage differentiation were induced in vitro, which was further assessed by specific staining. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of buffalo BM-MSCs, which suggests that MSCs can be derived and expanded from buffalo bone marrow and can be used after characterization as a novel agent for regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Gade
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Physiology and Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sharma GT, Nath A, Prasad S, Singhal S, Singh N, Gade NE, Dubey PK, Saikumar G. Expression and characterization of constitutive heat shock protein 70.1 (HSPA-1A) gene in in vitro produced and in vivo-derived buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47:975-83. [PMID: 22463675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cells are blessed with a group of stress protector molecules known as heat shock proteins (HSPs), amongst them HSP70, encoded by HSPA-1A gene, is most abundant and highly conserved protein. Variety of stresses hampers the developmental competence of embryos under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Present work was designed to study the quantitative expression of HSPA-1A mRNA in immature oocytes (IMO), matured oocytes (MO), in vitro produced (IVP) and in vivo-derived (IVD) buffalo embryos to assess the level of stress to which embryos are exposed under in vivo and in vitro culture conditions. Further, HSPA-1A gene sequence was analysed to determine its homology with other mammalian sequences. The mRNA expression analysis was carried out on 72 oocytes (40 IMO; 32 MO), 76 IVP and 55 IVD buffalo embryos. Expression of HSPA-1A was found in oocytes and throughout the developmental stages of embryos examined irrespective of the embryo source; however, higher (p < 0.05) expression was observed in 8-16 cell, morula and blastocyst stages of IVP embryos as compared to IVD embryos. Phylogenetic analysis of bubaline HSPA-1A revealed that it shares 91-98% identity with other mammalian sequences. It can be concluded that higher level of HSPA-1A mRNA in IVP embryos in comparison with in vivo-derived embryos is an indicator of cellular stress in IVP system. This study suggests need for further optimization of in vitro culture system in which HSPA-1A gene could be used as a stress biomarker during pre-implantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Dubey PK, Tripathi V, Singh RP, Saikumar G, Nath A, Pratheesh, Gade N, Sharma GT. Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in different stages of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) ovarian follicles: effect of nitric oxide on in vitro development of preantral follicle. Theriogenology 2011; 77:280-91. [PMID: 21924465 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in buffalo ovarian preantral (PFs), antral (AFs) and ovulatory (OFs) follicles (Experiment 1); effect of NO on in vitro survival and growth of PFs (Experiment 2) and NOS activity in immature oocytes by NADPH-diaphorase test (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, NOS isoforms (neuronal, inducible and endothelial) were localized immunohistochemically; mRNA and protein expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. In Experiment 2, PFs were isolated by micro-dissection method from buffalo ovaries and cultured in 0 (control), 10(-3), 10(-5), 10(-7) and 10(-9) M sodium nitroprusside (SNP). PFs were further cultured with 10(-5) M SNP + 1.0 mM N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 1.0 μg/ml hemoglobin (Hb) to examine the reversible effect of SNP. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunoreactivity was predominantly localized in granulosa and theca cells whereas, neuronal (nNOS) and endothelial (eNOS) nitric oxide synthase in the theca, granulosa and cumulus cells of PFs, AFs and OFs. The amount of mRNA as well as protein of nNOS and eNOS was found similar between different stages of follicles. In contrast, higher level of iNOS mRNA was observed in OFs and protein in the AFs. Higher doses of SNP (10(-3), 10(-5), 10(-7) M) inhibited (P < 0.05) while, lower dose of SNP (10(-9) M) stimulated (P < 0.05) the survival, growth, and antrum formation of PFs. The inhibitory effects of SNP were reversed by Hb, while L-NAME was not found effective. In conclusion, expression of NOS isoforms mRNA and protein in PFs, AFs, and OFs and NOS enzyme activity in immature follicular oocytes suggest a role for NO during ovarian folliculogenesis in buffalo. NO plays a dual role on growth and survival of PFs depending on its concentration in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K Dubey
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Physiology and Climatology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is an endemic disease in India, but the real magnitude of the problem is not known as only outbreaks of acute CSF are reported and many cases of chronic and clinically inapparent forms of the disease, which manifest a confusing clinical picture, remain undiagnosed. The real status of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection can only be known by testing pigs with highly specific and sensitive diagnostic assays. To obtain the baseline prevalence of CSFV infection among pigs in an endemic region where no vaccination was being performed, a real-time PCR assay was used to detect viral genetic material in tissue samples collected from a slaughterhouse in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh in India. In total, 1120 slaughtered pigs were examined for the presence of CSF suggestive pathological lesions and tissues from suspected cases were tested for the presence of CSFV antigen and nucleic acids by indirect immuno-peroxidase test and real-time PCR, respectively. Based on the detection of viral genetic material in the tonsils, the prevalence of CSFV infection among slaughtered pigs was found to be 7.67%. Pigs detected positive for viral genome by quantitative real-time PCR assay when categorized into different forms of CSF, depending upon the pathological lesions observed, the viral load in the tonsils of some of the pigs with chronic or clinically inapparent form of the disease was similar to that detected in pigs with acute CSF. The results of the study suggested that the risk posed by pigs with chronic disease or those infected but showing no clinical disease may be relatively higher as they can transmit the virus to new susceptible hosts over a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rout
- National CSF Referral Laboratory, Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pathania S, Dhama K, Saikumar G, Shahi S, Somvanshi R. Detection and Quantification of Bovine Papilloma Virus Type 2 (BPV-2) by Real-time PCR in Urine and Urinary Bladder Lesions in Enzootic Bovine Haematuria (EBH)-Affected Cows. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 59:79-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nagarajan K, Saikumar G, Arya RS, Gupta A, Somvanshi R, Pattnaik B. Influenza A H1N1 virus in Indian pigs & its genetic relatedness with pandemic human influenza A 2009 H1N1. Indian J Med Res 2010; 132:160-167. [PMID: 20716816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES With the emergence of a new reassortant influenza A H1N1 virus that caused the 2009 pandemic it was felt necessary that pigs should be closely monitored for early detection of any influenza virus infection. Therefore, we investigated disease outbreaks with clinical history suggestive for swine influenza reported to our laboratory by owners of affected pig farms in Uttar Pradesh. METHODS Detection of swine influenza A virus (SIV) was attempted by isolation in embryonated chicken eggs. Presence of virus was detected by haemagglutination (HA) test and RT-PCR for amplification of different gene segments, cloning and sequencing. BLAST analysis of sequence data, phylogenetic analysis and mutation analysis based on HA, NA and matrix genes was done. RESULTS SIV could be isolated from one farm and all eight gene segments amplified by RT-PCR. BLAST analysis of partial nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analysis using nucleotide sequence of HA (601 nt), NA (671 nt) and M (1031 nt) genes indicated close genetic relationship of the Indian swine isolate (A/Sw/UP-India-IVRI01/2009) with human pandemic 2009 (H1N1). The HA gene showed close relationship with the viruses of "North American Swine" lineage, whereas the NA and M genes clustered with the viruses of "Eurasian Swine" lineage, indicating a novel HA-NA reassortant. The remaining of 5 genes (NP, PA, PB1, PB2 and NS) belonged to "North American Swine" lineage. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS This is perhaps the first report describing swine influenza among Indian pigs caused by an influenza A H1N1 virus sharing close homology with the human pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Further reassortment with circulating influenza viruses must be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nagarajan
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pangty K, Singh S, Goswami R, Saikumar G, Somvanshi R. Detection of BPV-1 and -2 and Quantification of BPV-1 by Real-Time PCR in Cutaneous Warts in Cattle and Buffaloes. Transbound Emerg Dis 2010; 57:185-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2009.01096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sharma R, Saikumar G. Porcine parvovirus- and porcine circovirus 2-associated reproductive failure and neonatal mortality in crossbred Indian pigs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 42:515-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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